331:
121:, stated the importance of building an experimental low power reactor (between 5000 and 10000 kW), which would serve to gather enough experience for handling higher power reactors. In 1957, at the 2nd Portuguese Industry Meeting, Armando Gilbert presented a communication in which he underlined the importance of beginning to use nuclear energy, starting from 1965. Later on, in the first Meeting of Portuguese Technicians for Nuclear Energy, this deadline was extended by about 10 years.
207:. At the end of that parliamentary term, the government emitted the joint order number 531/99, in which it formalized the position of Portugal on the nuclear energy issue at international level. The overall position is a gradual retirement from both the industry and the research and development scene in this field. These propositions are popular amongst the people, who 70% do not want nuclear plants built in their country.
129:(CUF). CPIN, in 1959, began to intensify the studies and to train engineers for the installation of a first pilot nuclear plant, with approximate power of 50 MWe, to be completed by 1965. Three years later it presented the preliminary studies for a 230 MWe nuclear plant equipped with a boiling water reactor.
178:
The national energy plan in 1982 included the opening of a nuclear plant that generated 950 MWe power in 1995, which would lead to a nuclear program that would bring up to 9000 MWe of installed power by 2010. The VIII Constitutional
Government did not approve this plan, but sent it to be
240:
The
Independent Commission for Radiological Protection and Nuclear Safety (CIPRSN), created by Decree Law 139/2005 of 17 August, is an independent body currently working towards the creation of a national regulatory authority. The President of the CIPRSN is nominated by the Prime Minister, and is
186:
The official halt to a possible nuclear energy plan came from the State
Secretary of Environment of the X Constitutional Government in 1986. Although the Minister for Industry and Commerce and the State Secretary of Industry did not agree with this position, the then Prime Minister of Portugal
69:
as well as all spent fuel has been shipped to the United States in the framework of the “United States
Foreign Research Reactor Spent Nuclear Fuel Acceptance Program”. Liquid effluents produced in the RPI, as well as effluents of medical applications are stored locally, and later discharged in
95:
The first approved proposal arrived in 1952, after an early rejection in 1950, when the
National Education Ministry presented an item for the National General Budget to specifically finance studies related to the development of nuclear energy in the country. During October 1952, the temporary
231:
could be the one. The project never reached a debate stage. The strong opposition from the environmentalist organisations and companies involved in the renewable energy business forbid not only the further development of
Monteiro de Barros project, but of the nuclear option in any form.
108:
in Africa). Later on, the JEN created the
Laboratory for Nuclear Engineering and Physics (Laboratório de Física e Engenharia Nucleares, or LFEN), which was inaugurated in 1961 as the first Portuguese center for education and research for the benefit of both universities and industry.
99:
In March 1954 the
Nuclear Energy Board (Junta de Energia Nuclear, or JEN) was created; its role consisted initially in an inspection of the current situation of uranium supplies both in Portugal and its overseas territories (particularly the vast mineral potential of both
91:
supplies and mining technologies to the
Ministry for National Education. The project was declined. At the same time, the 2nd National Engineering Meeting suggested the meeting participants to propose a general plan for the future utilization of atomic energy in Portugal.
124:
The first concrete step was taken in April 1958, when the
Portuguese Association of Nuclear Companies (Companhia Portuguesa de Indústrias Nucleares, or CPIN) was created. CPIN was a joint venture of several companies, including the Portuguese conglomerate
49:
planned to build an 8,000 MW nuclear power plant to be completed by 2000. Plans were delayed until 1995 when it was decided to not proceed with the project. In 2004, the Government of Portugal rejected a proposal to reconsider its decision. After the
179:
discussed in a public debate. The following version of the National Energy Plan, in 1984, also planned the installation of 950 MWe reactors between 1998 and 2010, but the decision process stopped while doing location analysis because the
170:. Another study was exposed in December 1977 to the secretary for energy and mines, which presented the possibility of building 4 to 7 1000 MWe nuclear reactors between 1990 and 2000. The government though decided to delay the decision.
132:
In 1964 CPIN sold its assets to the Portuguese thermo-electric company (Empresa Termoeléctrica Portuguesa, or ETP), which one year later presented a joint project with Electricity Company of Sevilla (Spain) for a nuclear plant close to the
153:
foresees 1979 as the year in which the first Portuguese reactor would start its activity. The plan was to build four reactors at different times between 1981 and 1989, with an investment of about 30 million
158:, at 1972 prices (about 350 million euros at 2010 prices). In 1974 CPE contracted a consulting firm to evaluate the best site for the installation of the first Portuguese nuclear power plant. Ferrel, near
242:
96:
Commission for Nuclear Energy Studies was created and formed a partnership with the Portuguese universities, becoming the first centers for nuclear energy research in Portugal, both pure and applied.
87:
Portugal first began developing nuclear energy in 1948, when the Instituto para a Alta Cultura (Superior Culture Institute) proposed the creation of a commission of geologists and physicists to study
38:, which is in permanent shutdown state. Further nuclear energy activities are not planned in the near future. Other nuclear activities include medical applications such as radiology, radiotherapy and
509:
150:
777:
554:
137:. In 1969, ETP presented preliminary studies regarding the choice of a site for the first Portuguese nuclear plant. From the six originally proposed locations, the final choice was between
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Presently Portugal has no spent fuel. In September 2007, the core of the Portuguese Research Reactor (RPI) was converted from high enriched to low enriched fuel, all
281:"Countries which had concrete plans for nuclear power reactors, or actually start construction and cancelled all plans, or even phased out nuclear energy"
849:
17:
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70:
accordance with national law. Solid radioactive waste and discarded sealed sources are centrally stored in the national intermediate
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In the following 20 years, nuclear energy became a taboo for Portugal. The XIII Constitutional Government (1995–1999), led by
818:
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180:
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In 1955 the first proposal for building a nuclear plant was made, professor Alberto Abecassis Manzanares, of the
341:
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It was only in February 2005 that nuclear was brought once again to attention when the businessman
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and Sizandro. A nuclear plant was to be made operational by the end of the 1970s in Sizandro.
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105:
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51:
8:
59:
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223:. The possible location for that plant was not revealed, although rumours stated that
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The Portuguese representatives in ENSREG are members of the following institutions:
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has one 1MW research reactor located in the National Nuclear Research Centre at
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219:, together with other promoters, proposed the construction of a 1600 MWe
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166:, the authoritarian right-leaning regime of Portugal, was overthrown due to
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228:
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35:
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31:
344:(December 2010); pg.12 2.5.2 History of Nuclear Energy in Portugal
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have since been postponed or dismissed by the government.
332:
Model for Evaluation of Nuclear Energy Costs in Portugal
191:
rectified it, becoming an official government decision.
54:, a military coup in April 1974 which overthrew the
42:, as well as use of industrial radioactive sources.
162:, was chosen as the best option. In April 1974 the
283:. World Information Service on Energy. 1998-11-16
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183:would not reach a formal position on the issue.
235:
203:, decided to adopt an energy policy focused on
447:
30:is very limited and strictly non-commercial.
461:
375:. Portuguese American Journal. 15 June 2011
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151:Companhia Portuguesa de Electricidade (CPE)
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243:European Nuclear Security Regulators Group
149:In 1972 the Portuguese electrical company
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14:
832:
355:"Nuclear power: When the steam clears"
252:The Centre for Nuclear Physics of the
241:entitled to represent Portugal in the
435:
294:
273:
373:"Nuclear power rejected – Portugal"
302:"Emerging Nuclear Energy Countries"
58:, projects for the construction of
24:
850:Nuclear power in Europe by country
413:serie-A (157) 2005, pp. 4777–4780.
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181:International Atomic Energy Agency
25:
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855:Nuclear technology in Portugal
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342:Technical University of Lisbon
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1:
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260:Nuclear Technology Institute
236:Nuclear regulatory authority
7:
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10:
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337:Instituto Superior Técnico
217:Patrick Monteiro de Barros
119:Instituto Superior Técnico
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28:Nuclear energy in Portugal
18:Nuclear energy in Portugal
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763:
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307:World Nuclear Association
845:Nuclear power by country
462:Nuclear energy in Europe
407:Decreto-Lei n. 139/2005
168:a leftist military coup
510:Bosnia and Herzegovina
127:Companhia União Fabril
411:Diário da República I
254:University of Lisbon
60:nuclear power plants
52:Carnation Revolution
726:States with limited
330:Lorenzo Cimarossa,
189:Aníbal Cavaco Silva
840:Energy in Portugal
427:Energy in Portugal
205:renewable energies
56:Estado Novo regime
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361:. March 24, 2011.
72:radioactive waste
16:(Redirected from
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764:Dependencies and
468:Sovereign states
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67:enriched uranium
40:nuclear medicine
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377:. Retrieved
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312:. Retrieved
310:. April 2009
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285:. Retrieved
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174:1980 to 1986
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145:1970 to 1979
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113:1955 to 1969
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83:1948 to 1954
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27:
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793:Isle of Man
728:recognition
702:Switzerland
637:Netherlands
229:Douro river
221:EPR reactor
164:Estado Novo
834:Categories
672:San Marino
632:Montenegro
612:Luxembourg
592:Kazakhstan
495:Azerbaijan
314:2009-04-22
287:2007-07-14
267:References
245:(ENSREG).
106:Mozambique
783:Gibraltar
607:Lithuania
225:Mogadouro
74:storage.
45:In 1971,
803:Svalbard
788:Guernsey
735:Abkhazia
687:Slovenia
682:Slovakia
657:Portugal
515:Bulgaria
421:See also
393:Correia
47:Portugal
32:Portugal
712:Ukraine
662:Romania
622:Moldova
580:Ireland
575:Iceland
570:Hungary
560:Germany
555:Georgia
545:Finland
540:Estonia
535:Denmark
520:Croatia
505:Belgium
500:Belarus
490:Austria
485:Armenia
480:Andorra
475:Albania
397:. 2009.
379:20 June
160:Peniche
89:uranium
78:History
36:Sacavém
798:Jersey
740:Kosovo
707:Turkey
697:Sweden
677:Serbia
667:Russia
652:Poland
647:Norway
627:Monaco
597:Latvia
565:Greece
550:France
525:Cyprus
156:contos
139:Ferrel
102:Angola
773:Åland
692:Spain
617:Malta
587:Italy
395:et al
381:2012
104:and
836::
409:.
357:.
340:-
334:,
323:^
304:.
455:e
448:t
441:v
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256:.
20:)
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