Portuguese Angola - Knowledge

1448: 566: 1344:. The last guerrillas lost hundreds of soldiers and left tons of equipment behind, disbanding chaotically to neighbouring countries or, in some cases, joining or surrendering to the Portuguese. In order to gain the confidence of the local rural populations, and to create conditions for their permanent and productive settlement in the region, the Portuguese authorities organised massive vaccination campaigns, medical check-ups, and water, sanitation and alimentary infrastructure as a way to better contribute to the economic and social development of the people and dissociate the population from the guerrillas and their influence. On 31 December 1972, the Development Plan of the East ( 175: 2483: 4181: 661: 1564: 1556: 1240: 279: 159: 2810: 2197:) was granted the concession for diamond mining and prospecting in Portuguese Angola. Diamang had exclusive mining and labor rights in a huge concession in Angola and used this monopoly to become the colony's largest commercial operator and also its leading revenue generator. Its wealth was generated by African laborers, many of whom were forcibly recruited to work on the mines with Lunda's aggressive state-company recruitment methods (See also chivalo/ 3826: 1808: 964: 2615: 1626: 33: 713: 633: 647: 1173: 1703: 1300: 1395:, conferring some degree of autonomy to the "states". In fact, the structural changes and increase in autonomy were extremely limited. The government of the "State of Angola" was the same as the old provincial government, except for some cosmetic changes to personnel and titles. As in Portugal itself, the government of the "State of Angola" was entirely composed of people aligned with the 1601:

functional cabinet consisted of five secretaries appointed by the Overseas Minister on the advice of the governor. A Legislative Council had limited powers and its main activity was approving the provincial budget. Finally, an Economic and Social Council had to be consulted on all draft legislation, and the governor-general had to justify his decision to Lisbon if he ignored its advice.

2349:. These crops were grown by commercial farmers, primarily Portuguese, and by peasant farmers, who sold some of their surplus to local Portuguese traders in exchange for supplies. The commercial farmers were dominant in marketing these crops, however, and enjoyed substantial support from the overseas province's Portuguese government in the form of 2201:). as late as 1947, the company saw no benefit to mechanizing its operations, because local labour was so inexpensive. Work was done with shovels into the 1970s. Even the voluntary contract workers, or contratados, were exploited and had to build their own housing and often cheated of their wages. However Diamang, which was 1138:, occupying an area two-thirds the size of Portugal. Between 1939 and 1943, Portuguese army operations against the Mucubal, who they accused of rebellion and cattle-thieving, resulted in hundreds of Mucubal killed. During the campaign, 3,529 were taken prisoner, 20% of whom were women and children, and imprisoned in 2085:, the latter being noted for its production of foodstuffs and rubber. The colonial power, Portugal, becoming ever richer and more powerful, would not tolerate the growth of these neighbouring states and subjugated them one by one, enabling Portuguese hegemony over much of the area. During the period of the 1581:

of Portugal. Legally, the territory was as much a part of Portugal as Lisbon but as an overseas province enjoyed special derogations to account for its distance from Europe. Most members of the government of Angola were from Portugal, but a few were Angolan. Nearly all members of the bureaucracy were

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regime's establishment. While these changes were taking place, a few guerrilla nuclei stayed active inside the territory, and continued to campaign outside of Angola against Portuguese rule. The idea of having the independence movements take part in the political structure of the revamped territory's

1192:) began to organize strategies and action plans to fight Portuguese rule and the remunerated system which affected many of the native African people from the countryside, who were relocated from their homes and made to perform compulsory work, almost always unskilled hard labour, in an environment of 2596:

Football became very popular in Angola during the 20th century. Football was mostly spread to Angola by the Portuguese people who settled in the colonies. This was mostly due to the fact that immigration to the colonies was encouraged, both Angola and Mozambique saw an influx of Portuguese migrants.

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From 1966 to 1970, the pro-independence guerrilla movement MPLA expanded their previously limited insurgency operations to the East of Angola. This vast countryside area was far away from the main urban centres and close to foreign countries where the guerrillas were able to take shelter. The UNITA,

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when they tried to invade Kongo in 1670. Control of most of the central highlands was achieved in the 18th century. Further reaching attempts at conquering the interior were undertaken in the 19th century. However, full Portuguese administrative control of the entire territory was not achieved until

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in the early 1970s was an all-time record high enrollment. Primary school attendance was also growing substantially. In general, the quality of teaching at the primary level was acceptable, even with instruction carried on largely by black Africans who sometimes had substandard qualifications. Most

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with authority over some internal affairs, while Portugal was to retain responsibility for defense and foreign relations. However, the intent was by no means to grant Angolan independence, but was instead to "win the hearts and minds" of the Angolans, convincing them to remain permanently a part of

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grew from a town of 61,208 with 14.6% of those inhabitants being white in 1940, to a major cosmopolitan city of 475,328 in 1970 with 124,814 Europeans (26.3%) and around 50,000 mixed race inhabitants. Most of the other large cities in Angola had around the same ratio of Europeans at the time, with

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began in 1961, the same year that a law was passed to improve the working conditions of the largely unskilled native workforce, which was demanding more rights. In 1961, the Portuguese Government indeed abolished a number of basic legal provisions which discriminated against black people, like the

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Angola was a territory that underwent a great deal of progress after 1950. The Portuguese government built dams, roads, schools, etc. There was also an economic boom that led to a huge increase of the European population. The white population increased from 44,083 in 1940 to 172,529 in 1960. With

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Holden Roberto launched an incursion into Angola on 15 March 1961, leading 4,000 to 5,000 militants. His forces took farms, government outposts, and trading centres, killing everyone they encountered. At least 1,000 whites and an unknown number of blacks were killed. Commenting on the incursion,

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put together. It had 5,198 km of terrestrial borders and a coastline with 1,600 km. Its geography was diverse. From the coastal plain, ranging in width from 25 kilometres in the south to 100–200 kilometers in the north, the land rises in stages towards the high inland plateau covering

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The highest official in the province was the governor-general, appointed by the Portuguese cabinet on recommendation of the Overseas Minister. The governor-general had both executive and legislative authority. A Government Council advised the governor-general in the running of the province. The

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society was being gradually developed, despite the deep traditional tribal heritage in Angola which the minority European rulers were neither willing nor interested in eradicating. From the 1920s, Portugal's administration showed an increasing interest in developing Angola's economy and social

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of Denmark. The small fishing town of Moçâmedes hosted construction workers, foreign engineers and their families for two years. The Ore Terminal was completed on time within one year and the first 250,000 ton ore carrier docked and loaded with ore in 1967. The Portuguese discovered

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rates were at over 80 percent and higher education was reserved for a small percentage of the population. 68.1 percent of mainland Portugal's population was still classified as illiterate by the 1930 census. Mainland Portugal's literacy rate by the 1940s and early 1950s was low by

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around 1,000 immigrants arriving each month. On the eve of the end of the colonial period, the ethnic European residents numbered 400,000 (1974) (excluding enlisted and commissioned soldiers from the mainland) and the mixed race population was at around 100,000 (many were

267: 264: 263: 262: 261: 2360:, and the annual catch was more than 300,000 tons. Including the catch of foreign fishing fleets in Angolan waters, the combined annual catch was estimated at over 1 million tons. The Portuguese territory of Angola was a net exporter of fish products, and the ports of 2404:

missions based across the vast countryside, which taught black Africans in Portuguese language and culture. As a consequence, each of the missions established its own school system, although all were subject to ultimate control and support by the Portuguese.

1348:) included in its first stage 466 development enterprises (150 were completed and 316 were being built). Nineteen health centres had been built and 26 were being constructed. 51 new schools were operating and 82 were being constructed By 1972, after the 212: 213: 238: 211: 2213:

On the whole, African laborers performed brutal work in poor conditions for very little pay that they were frequently cheated of. The American sociologist Edward Ross visited rural Angola in 1924 on behalf of the Temporary Slavery Commission of the

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Starting in the early 1950s, the access to basic, secondary and technical education was expanded and its availability was being increasingly opened to both the African indigenes and the ethnic Portuguese of the territories. Education beyond the

2058:. Brazilian ships were the most numerous in the ports of Luanda and Benguela. By this time, Angola, a Portuguese colony, was in fact more like a colony of Brazil, another Portuguese colony. A strong Brazilian influence was also exercised by the 237: 1248:

Roberto said, "this time the slaves did not cower". They massacred everything. The effective military in Angola were composed of approximately 6,500 men: 5,000 black Africans and 1,500 white Europeans sent from Portugal. After these events the

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standards at the time. Only in the 1960s did the country make public education available for all children between the ages of six and twelve, and the overseas territories profited from this new educational developments and change in policy at

260: 1495:(the new revolutionary government of Portugal) proclaimed a truce with the pro-independence African guerrillas in an effort to promote peace talks and independence. The military-led coup returned democracy to Portugal, ending the unpopular 2462:—awarding a wide range of degrees from engineering to medicine. In the 1960s, the Portuguese mainland had four public universities, two of them in Lisbon (which compares with the 14 Portuguese public universities today). In 1968, the 1434:. The war was becoming even more unpopular in Portuguese society due to its length and costs, the worsening of diplomatic relations with other United Nations members, and the role it played as a factor in the perpetuation of the 2396:. Until the 1950s, educational facilities run by the Portuguese colonial government were largely restricted to the urban areas. Responsibility for educating rural Africans were commissioned by the authorities to several 1738:. As the land drops from the plateau, many rapids and waterfalls plunge downward in the rivers. Portuguese Angola had no sizable lakes, besides those formed by dams and reservoirs built by the Portuguese administration. 2205:

and grew affluent in the 1930s also realized that in a remote area like Lunda, the supply of workers was not inexhaustible and so the workers there were somewhat better treated than on some of the other mines or on the

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at the end of the 15th century, its present territory comprised a number of separate peoples, some organized as kingdoms or tribal federations of varying sizes. The Portuguese were interested in trade, principally in

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a smaller pro-independence guerrilla organisation established in the East, supported the MPLA. Until 1970, the combined guerrilla forces of MPLA and UNITA in the East Front were successful in pressuring

258: 210: 1589:, and all elections where they occurred were carried out using indirect methods. From the Prime Minister's office in Lisbon, authority extended down to the most remote posts of Angola through a rigid 1338:

In 1971, the Portuguese Armed Forces started a successful counter-insurgency military campaign that expelled the three guerrilla movements operating in the East to beyond the frontiers of Angola, the

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was born. From the 1920s to the 1960s, strong economic growth, abundant natural resources and development of infrastructure, led to the arrival of even more Portuguese settlers from the

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in an attempt to claim on the international scene the sole representation of forces fighting Portuguese rule in Angola. In 1966, the National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (

1430:, and suffered heavy casualties in the 13 years of conflict. Throughout the colonial war Portugal faced increasing dissent, arms embargoes and other punitive sanctions from most of the 1612:

with authority over some internal affairs; Portugal was to retain responsibility for defense and foreign relations. In 1973, elections were held in Angola for a legislative assembly.

1593:. The authority of the government of Angola was residual, primarily limited to implementing policies already decided in Europe. In 1967, Angola also sent a number of delegates to the 208: 232: 2125:, Saint Thomas, and Luanda on the west coast of Africa. After the dissolution of the Iberian Union in 1640, Portugal reestablished its authority over the lost territories of the 2073:

and the agreements that made them possible were the driving force for activities between the different areas; warlike states become states ready to produce and to sell. In the

2353:, irrigation facilities, and financial credit. They produced the great majority of the crops that were marketed in Angola's urban centres or exported for several countries. 2257:, and earned almost US$ 50 million a year in export revenue. During 1966–67 a major iron ore terminal was built by the Portuguese at Saco, the bay just 12 km North of 1695:

almost two-thirds of the country, with an average altitude of between 1,200 and 1,600 metres. Angola's two highest peaks were located in these central highlands. They were

2097:, invaded many Portuguese overseas possessions, including Luanda. The Dutch ruled Luanda from 1640 to 1648 as Fort Aardenburgh. They were seeking black slaves for use in 2222:", that did not allow Africans time to produce their own food. In addition, when their wages were embezzled and they were denied access to the colonial judicial system. 6108: 608: 594: 580: 209: 233: 6455: 1048:, but also to North America. According to Oliver and Atmore, "for 200 years, the colony of Angola developed essentially as a gigantic slave-trading enterprise". 2597:

People started to follow teams that were from the Portuguese mainland. In the latter half of the 20th century, Portugal would recruit many players form Angola.

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In mainland Portugal, the homeland of the colonial authorities who ruled in the territory from the 16th century until 1975, by the end of the 19th century the

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In the 17th century, conflicting economic interests led to a military confrontation with the Kongo Kingdom. Portugal defeated the Kongo Kingdom in the

932:. Full control of the entire territory was not achieved until the beginning of the 20th century, when agreements with other European powers during the 1095:, concluded a treaty recognising Portuguese sovereignty over both banks of the lower Congo. However, the treaty, meeting with opposition there and in 6400: 1126:

During the period of Portuguese colonial rule of Angola, cities, towns and trading posts were founded, railways were opened, ports were built, and a

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sailors, explorers, soldiers and merchants had a long-standing policy of conquest and establishment of military and trading outposts in Africa with

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Two state-run university institutions were founded in Portuguese Africa in 1962 by the Portuguese Ministry of the Overseas Provinces headed by

2741: 1447: 4180: 997:. They therefore maintained a peaceful and mutually profitable relationship with the rulers and nobles of the Kongo Kingdom. Kings such as 1917: 1273: 1185: 1088: 865: 3846: 174: 6410: 3573: 3401:(Monday, 7 July 1975) NB: The figures in this source are too high, as the total number of whites in the colonies did not reach 700,000. 1324:. In 1970, the guerrilla movement decided to reinforce the Eastern Front by relocating troops and armament from the North to the East. 1040:, even farther to the south. From 1580 to the 1820s, well over a million people from present-day Angola were exported as slaves to the 4474: 3745: 2448: 2434:

level became available to an increasing number of black Africans since the 1950s, and the proportion of the age group that went on to

1769:. Iona was Angola's oldest and largest national park, it was proclaimed as a reserve in 1937 and upgraded to a national park in 1964. 6445: 6435: 6094: 3733: 2245:

provinces, and production reached an average of 5.7 million tons per year between 1970 and 1974. Most of the iron ore was shipped to

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where hundreds of thousands of Portuguese soldiers had been conscripted into military service, and replacing the authoritarian

1354:, complemented by a pragmatic hearts and minds policy, the military conflict in Angola was effectively won for the Portuguese. 2557:, the highest ranked football teams of Angola and the other African overseas provinces of Portugal, started to compete in the 2529:

were founded across the entire territory, among them were some of the largest and oldest sports organizations of Angola, like

69: 5956: 5856: 3792: 3672: 3137: 2118: 1796:) in the south where the white population was more established. All of these cities had European majorities from 50% to 60%. 2493:

From the 1920s onward, city and town expansion and modernization included the construction of several sports facilities for

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In 1844, Angola's ports were opened to legal foreign shipping. By 1850, Luanda was one of the most developed cities outside

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became widespread. Beginning in the 1950s, motorsport was introduced to Angola. Sport races were organized in cities like

6405: 5123: 3908: 1594: 1529:(mixed race) or black, from Portugal's African territories, creating hundreds of thousands destitute refugees — the 1363: 76: 6415: 6395: 6050: 3602: 3275: 2716: 2636: 2537:. Several sportsmen, especially football players, that achieved wide notability in Portuguese sports were from Angola. 1647: 1440:

regime. It was this escalation that would lead directly to the mutiny of members of the Portuguese armed forces in the

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was one such player who played in Portugal. The colonial players would help Portuguese teams win many championships.

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unilaterally declared its independence. However, Cabinda was soon overpowered and re-annexed by the newly proclaimed

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Diamonds in the Rough: Corporate Paternalism and African Professionalism on the Mines of Colonial Angola, 1917–1975

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Following the Ball : The Migration of African Soccer Players Across the Portuguese Colonial Empire, 1949–1975

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of April 1974 – an event that would lead to the independence of all of the former Portuguese colonies in Africa.

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Most of Angola's rivers rose in the central mountains. Of the many rivers that drain to the Atlantic Ocean, the

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The capital of the territory was Luanda, officially called São Paulo de Luanda. Other cities and towns were:

1605: 724: 363: 278: 6146: 5843: 5817: 2871: 1387:) in November 1972 (in effect 1 January 1973) "Estado" (state) was part of an apparent effort to give the 1053: 1013:

and sharing the benefits from the slave trade. The Portuguese established small trading posts on the lower

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The history of Portuguese presence on the territory of contemporary Angola lasted from the arrival of the

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The Portuguese authorities established several national parks and natural reserves across the territory:

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Fishing in Portuguese Angola was a major and growing industry. In the early 1970s, there were about 700

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By the early 1970s, a variety of crops and livestock were produced in Portuguese Angola. In the north,

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The government of Angola, as it was in Portugal, was highly centralised. Power was concentrated in the

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and to tone down the increasing dissent both internally and abroad. It changed Angola's status from an

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In the 16th and 17th century Portugal ruled along the coast and engaged in military conflicts with the

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Coca de Campos, Rafael (2022). "Kakombola: O genocídio dos Mucubais na Angola Colonial, 1930 – 1943".

2831: 2171:, timber, ivory, cotton, coffee, and cocoa, among many other products. Maize, tobacco, dried meat and 1288:) also started pro-independence guerrilla operations. Despite the overall military superiority of the 1269:, sent thousands of troops from Europe to perform counterterrorism and counterinsurgency operations. 3713: 3378: 1994: 1577:

regime. In 1951, the Portuguese authorities changed the statute of the territory from a colony to an

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massacred both white and black civilians in surprise attacks in the countryside. After visiting the

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in 1885–1886 fixed the limits of the province, except in the south-east, where the frontier between

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of the territory in November 1975. Over these five centuries, several different situations existed.

6465: 6460: 2625: 2530: 2102: 1750: 1636: 1091:, which up to that time refused to acknowledge that Portugal possessed territorial rights north of 952: 841: 411: 2826: 1766: 1320:, which included an important urban centre in the agricultural, commercial and industrial town of 1119:) and Angola was determined by an Anglo-Portuguese agreement of 1891 and the arbitration award of 6243: 2629: 2401: 1978: 1640: 1512: 1496: 1431: 1423: 1309: 1209: 1167: 398: 43: 3857: 3442:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=33x7u7Ijm7Y&list=PLZWwV_k3xAIaium0MhHB-6bhu9BX2OP8S&t=1s

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began in 1912, when the first gems were discovered by Portuguese prospectors in a stream of the

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beginning in the 15th century, and reached the Angolan coast in the 16th. Portuguese explorer

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from Portugal, as most Angolans did not have the necessary qualifications to obtain positions.

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However, the Portuguese authorities were unable to defeat the guerrillas as a whole during the

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was established on the coast south of the Kongo Kingdom. In the 17th century the settlement of

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migrants working in the territory). The total population was around 5.9 million at that time.

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Non-urban black African access to educational opportunities was very limited for most of the

2299: 2006: 1962: 1742: 1384: 1249: 1147: 1108: 994: 3570: 2269:. The construction of the mine installations and a 300 km railway were commissioned to 1025:

in the territory of the Kongo Kingdom. It is now Angola's northernmost town, apart from the

6253: 6192: 5494: 5029: 4241: 3619: 3326:, The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright © 2007, Columbia University Press 2494: 2471: 2141: 2031: 1746: 1482: 1441: 1409: 1151: 441: 2791: 1525:

These events prompted a mass exodus of Portuguese citizens, overwhelmingly white but some

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was prevalent. In addition, there were large plantations run by Portuguese that produced

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granted operating rights for Block Zero to the Cabinda Gulf Oil Company, a subsidiary of

2074: 2047: 2023: 1986: 1969:) of Portuguese Angola. The two colonies had initially been contiguous, but later became 1208:(Decree-Law 43: 893 of 6 September 1961). However, the conflict, conversely known as the 1006: 933: 744: 654: 2756: 2558: 196: 5425: 4006: 3211: 2731: 2439:

secondary school teachers were ethnically Portuguese, especially in the urban centers.

2389: 2295: 2136:, and small processing factories. From 1764 onwards, there was a gradual change from a 1950: 1758: 1754: 1371: 1139: 370: 328: 3356: 3338: 3213:

A Certain Curve of Horn: The Hundred-Year Quest for the Giant Sable Antelope of Angola

2761: 2593:. The International Nova Lisboa 6 Hours sports car race became noted internationally. 1965:. Sometime during the 1920s, it became incorporated into the larger colony (later the 998: 6312: 6293: 6278: 5311: 4587: 4541: 4310: 4052: 3993: 3931: 3885: 3788: 3598: 3323: 3257: 3222: 3189: 3178: 3155: 3133: 3029: 2962: 2947: 2786: 2776: 2746: 2514: 2431: 2215: 2160: 2156: 2145: 2137: 2126: 2066: 2035: 2018: 2010: 1966: 1578: 1508: 1427: 1388: 1375: 1200: 1181: 1116: 1080: 1049: 1002: 921: 895: 891: 794: 701: 585: 514: 301: 296: 2242: 2234: 2078: 1317: 6337: 6322: 6317: 6141: 6070: 5560: 5536: 5504: 4956: 4551: 3877: 3627: 3125: 3072: 2706: 2562: 2522: 2435: 2207: 2094: 2051: 2014: 1954: 1686:

Portuguese Angola was a territory covering 1,246,700 km, an area greater than

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Revista de Estudos Constitucionais, Hermenêutica e Teoria do Direito (RECHTD) 9(3)

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of Germany and the modern harbour terminal to SETH, a Portuguese company owned by

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This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.

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Angola – Moçâmedes, minha terra, eu te vi crescer... (Raul Ferreira Trindade)

3398: 3129: 2886: 2861: 2796: 2510: 2414: 2357: 2303: 2202: 2086: 1974: 1852: 1731: 1696: 1474: 1193: 1157: 1104: 989: 537: 359: 220: 5635:

1975 is the year of East Timor's Declaration of Independence and subsequent

3867:. Vol. 2 (9th ed.). New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. p. 45. 2901: 2881: 2801: 2542: 2218:

and wrote a scathing report describing the labor system as "virtually state

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founded Luanda in 1575 as "São Paulo de Loanda", and the region developed a

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by a narrow corridor of land, which Portugal ceded to Belgium, allowing the

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beliefs and their military expeditions included from the very beginning the

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Medieval Africa, 1250–1800 (pp174) By Roland Anthony Oliver, Anthony Atmore

2696: 2574: 2526: 2486: 2283: 2250: 2133: 1958: 1897: 1774: 1719: 1715: 1711: 1350: 1340: 1333: 1313: 1143: 1021:. A more important trading settlement on the Atlantic coast was erected at 967: 599: 246: 3850:. Vol. 2 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 38–40. 3720: 3705: 3620:""I escaped in a coffin": Remembering Angolan Forced Labor from the 1940s" 2026:

explorers and settlers founded trading posts and forts along the coast of

1312:(FAP) in the area to the point that the guerrillas were able to cross the 985: 948: 5747: 5227: 5204: 5191: 4937: 4801: 4707: 3526: 3429: 3414: 2916: 2578: 2534: 2498: 2287: 2190: 2176: 2090: 2089:(1580–1640), Portugal lost influence and power and made new enemies. The 2070: 1723: 1470: 1253: 1127: 1112: 1065: 1014: 465: 6086: 4253: 3566: 3564: 3562: 3560: 3558: 3077:

Way of Death: Merchant Capitalism and the Angolan Slave Trade, 1730–1830

2265:, the Lobito Mining Company, which developed an iron ore mine inland at 6015: 5989: 5591: 5541: 4881: 4841: 4464: 4396: 3893: 3856: 3319: 3317: 2809: 2518: 2506: 2502: 2409: 2106: 1531: 1392: 4264: 3479:, a film of the Lobito in Portuguese Angola, before independence from 1526: 5250: 5060: 4114: 4088: 4016: 3632: 3555: 3495:, a film of Sá da Bandeira, Overseas Province of Angola, before 1975. 2338: 2279: 2180: 2098: 2055: 2039: 1837: 1041: 3900: 3314: 2939:(archives in Lisbon documenting Portuguese Empire, including Angola) 2614: 1807: 1625: 1403: 1134:

In the 1930s, the Portuguese estimated that there were around 5,000

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Angola no outro lado do tempo 🇦🇴, Angola – O Outro Lado do Tempo

2896: 2582: 2369: 2334: 2266: 2226: 2193:, in the northeast. In 1917, the Companhia de Diamantes de Angola ( 2164: 2082: 2077:, Planalto or high plains, the most important states were those of 1902: 1892: 1842: 1827: 1822: 1503:(New State) regime and its secret police which repressed elemental 1281: 1229: 1037: 532: 337: 6002: 3871: 3831:

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the

3467:, a film of Nova Lisboa, Overseas Province of Angola, before 1975. 1832: 712: 6233: 6207: 6182: 6136: 5685: 5614: 5571: 5448: 5181: 5075: 4778: 4727: 4507: 4438: 4386: 4333: 4029: 2586: 2314: 2291: 2230: 2219: 2198: 2194: 2172: 2059: 1970: 1922: 1887: 1877: 1867: 1785: 1233: 1172: 1096: 1057: 341: 333: 3670:

POVERTY-ANGOLA: NGOs Sceptical of Govt’s Rural Development Plans

3256:

António Pires Nunes, Angola, 1966–74: vitória militar no leste,

3099:

Les guerres grises. Résistance et revoltes en Angola (1845–1941)

1942: 909:

of the Portuguese Empire (1972–1975). It became the independent

6172: 5699: 5474: 5168: 5001: 4980: 4831: 4736: 4697: 4687: 4485: 4427: 4287: 4220: 4153: 4075: 3507:, a film of Malanje, Overseas Province of Angola (before 1975). 3455:, a film of Benguela, Overseas Province of Angola, before 1975. 2590: 2570: 2423: 2365: 2361: 2342: 2322: 2318: 2307: 2258: 2238: 2122: 2114: 2110: 2027: 1937: 1907: 1872: 1857: 1847: 1817: 1793: 1789: 1780: 1727: 1702: 1687: 1486: 1481:

that had ruled Portugal since the 1930s, was overthrown in the

1452: 1188:(FNLA) and the People's Movement for the Liberation of Angola ( 1092: 1045: 1033: 971: 879: 679: 491: 478: 318: 4614: 2372:

were among the most important fishing harbours in the region.

5581: 5217: 5138: 5088: 4967: 4861: 4851: 4768: 4748: 4664: 4654: 4580: 4406: 4274: 3970: 3872:

Esteves Pereira; Guilherme Rodrigues, eds. (1904). "Angola".

3382: 2561:(the Portuguese Cup). Other facilities and organizations for 2346: 2326: 2270: 2246: 2168: 2163:: it was full of trading companies, exporting (together with 1932: 1862: 1691: 1370:, in order to grant its African overseas territories a wider 1321: 1299: 1285: 1142:. Many died in captivity from undernourishment, violence and 1079:

on 29 October, 1665, but suffered a disastrous defeat at the

2329:

was cultivated; and in the south, where rainfall is lowest,

2132:

The Portuguese started to develop townships, trading posts,

4811: 3276:"The Constitutionalism of Angola and its 2010 Constitution" 1927: 1189: 1022: 5639:. In 2002, East Timor's independence was fully recognized. 3876:(in Portuguese). Vol. 1. Lisbon: Joao Romano Torres. 1718:

were the most important. Other major streams included the

1571:

In the 20th century, Portuguese Angola was subject to the

1158:

Overseas province, 1951–1971 beginning of the colonial war

5042: 2069:

gradually gave way to the philosophy of trade. The great

1400:

organization was absolutely unthinkable (on both sides).

1608:

changed Angola's status from an overseas province to an

2306:, in 1955. Oil production surpassed the exportation of 3056: 3054: 1327: 1056:

in 1415 and the establishment of bases in present-day

970:

in peace negotiations with the Portuguese governor in

3817:

Geographia e estatistica geral de Portugal e colonias

3552:, a film of Cabinda, Portuguese Angola (before 1975). 3540:, a film of Carmona, Portuguese Angola (before 1975). 3428:, a film of Luanda, Portuguese Angola (before 1975), 3413:, a film of Luanda, Portuguese Angola (before 1975), 3273: 2175:

flour also began to be produced locally. The Angolan

2152:

in 1822, and the slave trade was abolished in 1836.

1543:

and the newly independent country was proclaimed the

5656: 3810: 1383:

an intercontinental Portugal. Renaming Angola (like

3235: 3051: 2553:. Since the 1960s, with the latest developments on 1459:On 25 April 1974, the Portuguese Government of the 1180:In 1951, the Portuguese Colony of Angola became an 57:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 3703:Warner, Rachel. "Conditions before Independence". 3580:, Republic of Angola Embassy in the United Kingdom 3538:Angola-Carmona (Viagem ao Passado)-Kandando Angola 3210: 3177: 3154: 1099:, was not ratified. Agreements concluded with the 3274:Jorge Bacelar Gouveia (September–December 2017). 1734:, both of which drain generally southeast to the 1404:Carnation Revolution, 1974 and independence, 1975 6382: 3309:Exile Politics and Guerrilla Warfare (1962–1976) 1511:. It started as a professional class protest of 6456:1975 disestablishments in the Portuguese Empire 6076:Theory of the Portuguese discovery of Australia 6066:Portuguese Empire in the Indonesian Archipelago 5777: 3525:, Moçâmedes under Portuguese rule before 1975, 3311:, Cambridge/Mass. & London, MIT Press, 1978 1357: 3592: 3357:Arquivo Electrónico: Otelo Saraiva de Carvalho 3119: 3079:, Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1988 129:1575–1975 Portuguese possession in West Africa 6426:States and territories disestablished in 1975 6102: 3916: 3157:Angola: Struggle for Peace and Reconstruction 2117:), which they had also seized from Portugal. 1451:Portuguese soldiers being withdrawn from the 1212:, erupted in the North of the territory when 859: 6451:1575 establishments in the Portuguese Empire 3375:A Guerra Colonial na Guine/Bissau (07 de 07) 1977:access to the Atlantic Ocean. Following the 3819:(in Portuguese). Lisbon: Imprensa Nacional. 3617: 2643:. Unsourced material may be challenged and 2549:were examples of that, and excelled in the 2455:Estudos Gerais Universitários de Moçambique 2282:in Angola in 1955. Production began in the 1654:. Unsourced material may be challenged and 1274:Revolutionary Government of Angola in Exile 1186:National Front for the Liberation of Angola 6421:States and territories established in 1575 6109: 6095: 3923: 3909: 3515: 3513: 3264:, 9789728563783, Publisher: Prefácio, 2002 2121:, conquered the Portuguese possessions of 1567:Proposed flag for Portuguese Angola (1965) 1559:Proposed flag for Portuguese Angola (1932) 1278:Governo revolucionário de Angola no exílio 866: 852: 310:State of the Portuguese Empire (1972–1975) 277: 6116: 5398: 3782: 3631: 3101:, Montamets/Orgeval: self-published, 1977 2867:Mwene Mbandu I Lyondthzi Kapova of Mbunda 2663:Learn how and when to remove this message 1674:Learn how and when to remove this message 1176:Portuguese troops during the Colonial War 117:Learn how and when to remove this message 6401:Colonial states of the Portuguese Empire 3836: 3588: 3586: 3175: 3169: 3146: 3060: 2808: 2481: 1806: 1701: 1562: 1554: 1446: 1298: 1238: 1171: 962: 6061:Portuguese colonization of the Americas 3787:. Athens, Ohio: Ohio University Press. 3773:, Nova Lisboa Internacional Sports Race 3510: 3202: 3152: 2727:Deolinda Rodrigues Francisco de Almeida 2464:Estudos Gerais Universitários de Angola 2449:Estudos Gerais Universitários de Angola 2050:. Trade was mostly with the Portuguese 1957:(Cabinda) was established a Portuguese 1699:(2,620 m) and Meco Mountain (2,538 m). 1272:In 1963 Holden Roberto established the 1150:. Hundreds were also sent to a camp in 14: 6383: 4193: 3854: 3699: 3697: 3695: 3693: 3691: 3689: 3687: 3685: 3359:, Centro de Documentação 25 de Abril, 3341:, Centro de Documentação 25 de Abril, 3208: 3176:Edgerton, Robert Breckenridge (2002). 2742:Fernando José de França Dias Van-Dúnem 2325:were grown; in the central highlands, 1535:. On 11 November 1975 Angola became a 641:Democratic People's Republic of Angola 6090: 5776: 5655: 5397: 4908: 4613: 4192: 3942: 3930: 3904: 3583: 3180:Africa's Armies: From Honor to Infamy 3017: 2533:, established in 1920 as a branch of 2119:John Maurice, Prince of Nassau-Siegen 1210:Colonial War or the War of Liberation 936:fixed the colony's interior borders. 5786: 5665: 5407: 4918: 4623: 4583:) and small temporary coastal bases. 4202: 3952: 3104: 2953:List of colonial governors of Angola 2675: 2641:adding citations to reliable sources 2608: 2310:as Angola's largest export in 1973. 1652:adding citations to reliable sources 1619: 1316:and could threaten the territory of 958: 55:adding citations to reliable sources 26: 3682: 1981:of Portuguese Angola with the 1975 1368:Organic Law on Overseas Territories 1328:Campaign in the Eastern Front, 1971 1184:of Portugal. In the late 1950s the 1121:King Vittorio Emanuele III of Italy 1084:the beginning of the 20th century. 283:Portuguese West Africa in 1905–1975 24: 6051:Evolution of the Portuguese Empire 3874:Portugal: Diccionario Historico... 3811:Gerardo Augusto Pery, ed. (1875). 3339:Cronologia: Movimento dos capitães 1054:the conquest of Muslim-ruled Ceuta 25: 6482: 6411:Portuguese colonisation in Africa 4475:São João Baptista de Ajudá, Benin 3523:Angola de outros tempos Moçamedes 3395:Dismantling the Portuguese Empire 1784:the exception of Sá da Bandeira ( 1346:Plano de Desenvolvimento do Leste 1005:studied Christianity and learned 6446:1975 disestablishments in Africa 6436:1975 disestablishments in Angola 6056:Portuguese colonial architecture 5657:North America and North Atlantic 4521:Portuguese São Tomé and Príncipe 4179: 3943: 3824: 2973:Portuguese São Tomé and Príncipe 2613: 2604: 1624: 1294:independence guerrilla movements 988:and other explorers reached the 711: 659: 645: 631: 606: 592: 578: 564: 256: 230: 206: 173: 157: 31: 6046:Armorial of Portuguese colonies 3804: 3776: 3764: 3738: 3724: 3662: 3647: 3611: 3543: 3531: 3498: 3486: 3470: 3458: 3446: 3434: 3419: 3404: 3388: 3365: 3347: 3329: 3297: 3267: 3250: 3246:Angola Vitória Militar no Leste 3209:Walker, John Frederick (2004). 3110:More Power to the People, 2006. 3021:Historical Dictionary of Angola 2551:Portugal national football team 2225:From the mid-1950s until 1974, 2140:to one based on production for 1303:Luanda, Portuguese Angola 1972. 42:needs additional citations for 6431:1570s establishments in Angola 4909: 3113: 3091: 3082: 3066: 3042: 3011: 2985: 2388:and did not have knowledge of 2384:, most were not able to speak 1366:approved a new version of its 453:Leonel Alexandre Gomes Cardoso 13: 1: 6441:1575 establishments in Africa 5076:Portuguese Paliacate outpost 3882:2027/gri.ark:/13960/t2x38qb1f 3659:, history of Moçâmedes/Namibe 3624:Cadernos de Estudos Africanos 3005: 2937:Arquivo Histórico Ultramarino 2452:in Portuguese Angola and the 2261:(Namibe). The client was the 1550: 1243:Portuguese soldiers in Angola 1017:, in the area of the present 5818:Captaincy Colonies of Brazil 5611: • 1938–1941 5588: • 1890–1999 5578: • 1851–1999 5568: • 1864–1999 5468: • 1578–1650 5455: • 1576–1605 5442: • 1522–1575 5367: • 1779–1954 5344: • 1687–1749 5281: • 1598–1610 5271: • 1579–1632 5247: • 1568–1659 5237: • 1559–1961 5224: • 1548–1658 5214: • 1540–1612 5201: • 1536–1662 5188: • 1535–1739 5165: • 1534–1661 5155: • 1534–1601 5145: • 1531–1571 5135: • 1531–1571 5119: • 1528–1666 5109: • 1523–1662 5085: • 1521–1740 5072: • 1518–1619 5039: • 1510–1961 5026: • 1507–1657 5013: • 1502–1661 4991: • 1502–1658 4977: • 1501–1663 4964: • 1500–1663 2872:Nzinga of Ndongo and Matamba 2375: 2167:) palm and peanut oil, wax, 1722:, which drains north to the 1615: 1606:Portuguese National Assembly 1518:against the 1973 decree law 1364:Portuguese National Assembly 1358:Federated state status, 1972 1292:in the Angolan theatre, the 7: 6284:Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro 5778:South America and Caribbean 3855:Baynes, T. S., ed. (1878). 2997:Overseas Province of Angola 2930: 2816:was born in Luanda in 1930. 2062:in religion and education. 1991:People's Republic of Angola 1545:People's Republic of Angola 1489:. In May of that year, the 1479:António de Oliveira Salazar 1418:People's Republic of Angola 1296:were never fully defeated. 1263:António de Oliveira Salazar 1164:Angolan War of Independence 1032:In 1575, the settlement of 1011:Christianising their nation 911:People's Republic of Angola 627:People's Republic of Angola 10: 6487: 6406:Former Portuguese colonies 5926:Nova Colónia do Sacramento 5005:(Coulão / Kollam) 4076:Santa Cruz do Cabo de Gué 3734:52. UNIVERSIDADE DE LUANDA 3709:(Thomas Collelo, editor). 3184:. Westview Press. p. 2535:Sporting Clube de Portugal 2263:Compania Mineira do Lobito 2004: 2000: 1492:Junta de Salvação Nacional 1407: 1331: 1161: 1146:. Around 600 were sent to 980:Colonial history of Angola 977: 939: 6416:History of Central Africa 6396:Former colonies in Africa 6292: 6226: 6165: 6124: 6041: 5783: 5772: 5662: 5651: 5404: 5393: 5127:(Porto Grande De Bengala) 4915: 4904: 4620: 4609: 4199: 4188: 4177: 3949: 3938: 3714:Federal Research Division 3597:. Ohio University Press. 3379:Otelo Saraiva de Carvalho 3018:James, Martin W. (2004). 2477: 2290:in the 1960s, and in the 1995:international recognition 1923:Vila Henrique de Carvalho 1811:Topographic map of Angola 1799: 1485:, a military uprising in 785:Sovereign socialist state 675: 543: 531: 505: 501: 488: 475: 471: 461: 457: 447: 435: 431: 421: 417: 404: 391: 387: 379: 369: 351: 324: 314: 288: 276: 191: 153: 148: 136: 6471:2nd millennium in Angola 3783:Cleveland, Todd (2017). 3493:SáDaBandeiraAnosOuro.wmv 3385:television, youtube.com. 3130:10.22533/at.ed.663221201 2978: 2531:Sporting Clube de Luanda 1971:geographically separated 477:• Establishment of 412:Francisco da Costa Gomes 5957:Grão-Pará and Rio Negro 5876: • 1621–1815 5863: • 1578–1607 5850: • 1572–1578 5837: • 1572–1578 5824: • 1549–1572 5811: • 1534–1549 5178: • 1535 5050: • 1512–1525 4718:Julfar (Ras al-Khaimah) 3864:Encyclopædia Britannica 3847:Encyclopædia Britannica 3706:A Country Study: Angola 3593:Todd Cleveland (2015). 2832:José Eduardo dos Santos 2038:with the help of local 1792:) and Porto Alexandre ( 1539:in accordance with the 1513:Portuguese Armed Forces 1455:garrison, Angola, 1975. 1432:international community 1424:Portuguese Colonial War 1310:Portuguese Armed Forces 1168:Portuguese Colonial War 490:• Independence of 399:Sebastian I of Portugal 5947:Grão-Pará and Maranhão 5371:Dadra and Nagar Haveli 3465:NovaLisboaAnosOuro.wmv 3411:Angola antes da Guerra 3305:The Angolan Revolution 3153:Tvedten, Inge (1997). 2943:Estado Novo (Portugal) 2877:Paula Teixeira da Cruz 2847:Mário Pinto de Andrade 2817: 2682:António da Silva Porto 2490: 2468:Universidade de Luanda 2275:Højgaard & Schultz 1928:Santo António do Zaire 1828:São Felipe de Benguela 1823:Vila Teixeira da Silva 1812: 1707: 1568: 1560: 1477:regime established by 1456: 1304: 1244: 1206:Estatuto do Indigenato 1177: 975: 899:Portuguese West Africa 6118:Provinces of Portugal 5637:invasion by Indonesia 5399:East Asia and Oceania 4571:São Tomé and Príncipe 4344:Portuguese Mozambique 4301:Portuguese Gold Coast 3746:"Filiais do Sporting" 3361:University of Coimbra 3343:University of Coimbra 3244:António Pires Nunes, 2968:Portuguese Mozambique 2958:Portuguese Cape Verde 2827:José Eduardo Agualusa 2812: 2485: 2460:Portuguese Mozambique 2300:Portuguese government 2286:in the 1950s, in the 2123:Saint George del Mina 2048:notable slave hunters 2007:Agriculture in Angola 1963:Treaty of Simulambuco 1898:São Salvador do Congo 1810: 1705: 1566: 1558: 1450: 1302: 1250:Portuguese Government 1242: 1218:Republic of the Congo 1175: 1148:Sao Tome and Principe 1064:. The Portuguese had 966: 905:(1951–1972), and the 364:Traditional religions 325:Common languages 3618:Jeremy Ball (2006). 3576:4 March 2016 at the 3453:BenguelaAnosOuro.wmv 2993:State of West Africa 2837:José Norton de Matos 2637:improve this section 2472:University of Luanda 2351:technical assistance 2142:domestic consumption 2032:Paulo Dias de Novais 1853:Vila Mariano Machado 1848:Vila João de Almeida 1843:Vila General Machado 1833:Vila Robert Williams 1648:improve this section 1483:Carnation Revolution 1442:Carnation Revolution 1410:Carnation Revolution 1072:of foreign peoples. 903:Estado Novo Portugal 442:Paulo Dias de Novais 51:improve this article 6363: / 6333:São Tomé e Príncipe 6147:Entre Douro e Minho 4290:(São Jorge da Mina) 4141:São João da Mamora 3983:(El Qsar es Seghir) 3711:Library of Congress 3675:12 May 2010 at the 3550:CabindaAnosOuro.wmv 3505:MalanjeAnosOuro.wmv 3381:on the Decree Law, 3048:as Captain-Governor 2892:Pedro Passos Coelho 2752:Francisca Van Dunem 2555:commercial aviation 2138:slave-based society 2103:Northeastern Brazil 2093:, a major enemy of 2075:Brazilian Highlands 1993:and never achieved 1987:Republic of Cabinda 1140:concentration camps 1117:north-west Rhodesia 1019:Democratic Republic 934:Scramble for Africa 775:War of Independence 765:Portuguese province 725:Precolonial history 655:Republic of Cabinda 375:Colonial government 226:Hymn of the Charter 142:Província de Angola 66:"Portuguese Angola" 6294:Overseas provinces 6125:Medieval provinces 6003:Portuguese Guiana 5967:Maranhão and Piauí 5615:Lapa and Montanha 5426:Portuguese Malacca 5312:Portuguese Ceylon 5266:(Portuguese India) 5104:(Portuguese India) 4735: • 4194:Sub-Saharan Africa 3750:Diário de Notícias 3477:LobitoAnosOuro.wmv 3426:LuandaAnosOuro.wmv 3282:. pp. 221–239 2818: 2732:Eduardo Nascimento 2491: 2390:Portuguese culture 2046:peoples, who were 1985:, the short-lived 1953:was to the north. 1918:Vila Pereira d'Eça 1813: 1708: 1569: 1561: 1520:Dec. Lei n. 353/73 1509:political freedoms 1457: 1426:, particularly in 1372:political autonomy 1362:In June 1972, the 1305: 1245: 1178: 1154:, where 26% died. 976: 951:in 1484 until the 522:(1914–28; 1958–77) 138:Province of Angola 6391:Portuguese Angola 6367:12.500°S 18.500°E 6346: 6345: 6227:Provinces of 1936 6166:Provinces of 1832 6084: 6083: 6037: 6036: 6031: 6030: 6024: 6023: 5972: 5971: 5931: 5930: 5898: 5897: 5768: 5767: 5762: 5761: 5753: 5752: 5707: 5706: 5647: 5646: 5630: 5629: 5623: 5622: 5605:Portuguese Macau 5597: 5596: 5550: 5549: 5520: 5519: 5389: 5388: 5383: 5382: 5376: 5375: 5361:Portuguese India 5353: 5352: 5338:Portuguese India 5330: 5329: 5293: 5292: 5256: 5255: 5094: 5093: 4948: 4947: 4938:Laccadive Islands 4900: 4899: 4894: 4893: 4887: 4886: 4784: 4783: 4605: 4604: 4595:Portuguese Angola 4588:Portuguese Guinea 4564: 4563: 4557: 4556: 4542:Portuguese Guinea 4526: 4525: 4492: 4491: 4447: 4446: 4417:Portuguese Angola 4316: 4315: 4311:Mascarene Islands 4175: 4174: 4169: 4168: 4162: 4161: 4058: 4057: 4026:1487–16th century 3932:Portuguese Empire 3794:978-0-89680-499-9 3716:(February 1989). 3571:History of Angola 3139:978-65-5983-766-3 3124:(in Portuguese). 2963:Portuguese Guinea 2948:History of Angola 2927: 2926: 2792:João Carqueijeiro 2787:Joana Amaral Dias 2777:Isabel dos Santos 2747:Fernando Peyroteo 2673: 2672: 2665: 2216:League of Nations 2208:sugar plantations 2203:exempt from taxes 2161:Portuguese Empire 2157:Mainland Portugal 2146:Portuguese Brazil 2127:Portuguese Empire 2067:philosophy of war 2019:Slavery in Angola 2011:Fishing in Angola 1967:overseas province 1838:Duque de Bragança 1684: 1683: 1676: 1595:National Assembly 1579:overseas province 1428:Portuguese Guinea 1393:federal structure 1389:Portuguese Empire 1376:overseas province 1201:guerrilla warfare 1182:overseas province 1081:Battle of Kitombo 959:Colony, 1575–1951 922:Kingdom of Ndongo 896:overseas province 894:(1575–1951), the 892:Portuguese Empire 886:was a historical 884:Portuguese Angola 876: 875: 808:Post-war Angola’s 803: 802: 685: 684: 671: 670: 667: 666: 619: 618: 586:Kingdom of Ndongo 515:Portuguese escudo 437:• 1575–1589 356:Roman Catholicism 302:Overseas province 297:Portuguese Empire 269: 240: 214: 127: 126: 119: 101: 18:Angola (Portugal) 16:(Redirected from 6478: 6378: 6377: 6375: 6374: 6373: 6368: 6364: 6361: 6360: 6359: 6356: 6111: 6104: 6097: 6088: 6087: 6071:Portuguese India 6019: 6006: 5993: 5983: 5982: 5980: 5940: 5939: 5937: 5909: 5908: 5906: 5881: 5868: 5855: 5842: 5829: 5816: 5798: 5797: 5795: 5787: 5774: 5773: 5728: 5718: 5717: 5715: 5677: 5676: 5674: 5666: 5653: 5652: 5618: 5608: 5607: 5603: 5565: 5564: 5561:Portuguese Macau 5558: 5546: 5545: 5537:Portuguese Timor 5529: 5528: 5526: 5473: 5460: 5447: 5419: 5418: 5416: 5408: 5395: 5394: 5364: 5363: 5359: 5341: 5340: 5336: 5315: 5295: 5294: 5288: 5260: 5259: 5231: 5208: 5195: 5172: 5128: 5098: 5097: 5079: 5065: 5054: 5033: 5020: 5019:(Cochin de Cima) 5006: 4995: 4984: 4971: 4961: 4960: 4957:Portuguese India 4954: 4942: 4930: 4929: 4927: 4919: 4906: 4905: 4795: 4794: 4792: 4740: 4668: 4645: 4635: 4634: 4632: 4624: 4611: 4610: 4552:Portuguese Congo 4535: 4534: 4532: 4511: 4501: 4500: 4498: 4488: 4458: 4457: 4455: 4442: 4430: 4377: 4327: 4326: 4324: 4291: 4278: 4256: 4244: 4214: 4213: 4211: 4203: 4190: 4189: 4183: 4157: 4144: 4131: 4118: 4105: 4104:(Souira Guedima) 4092: 4079: 4069: 4068: 4066: 4043: 4020: 3997: 3984: 3964: 3963: 3961: 3953: 3940: 3939: 3925: 3918: 3911: 3902: 3901: 3897: 3868: 3860: 3851: 3830: 3828: 3827: 3820: 3799: 3798: 3780: 3774: 3768: 3762: 3761: 3759: 3757: 3742: 3736: 3732: 3728: 3722: 3701: 3680: 3679:, (6 June 2009) 3668:Louise Redvers, 3666: 3660: 3655: 3651: 3645: 3644: 3642: 3640: 3635: 3633:10.4000/cea.1214 3615: 3609: 3608: 3590: 3581: 3568: 3553: 3547: 3541: 3535: 3529: 3521: 3517: 3508: 3502: 3496: 3490: 3484: 3474: 3468: 3462: 3456: 3450: 3444: 3438: 3432: 3423: 3417: 3408: 3402: 3392: 3386: 3373: 3369: 3363: 3355: 3351: 3345: 3337: 3333: 3327: 3321: 3312: 3303:John A. Marcum, 3301: 3295: 3294: 3291: 3289: 3287: 3271: 3265: 3254: 3248: 3243: 3239: 3233: 3232: 3216: 3206: 3200: 3199: 3183: 3173: 3167: 3166: 3160: 3150: 3144: 3143: 3117: 3111: 3108: 3102: 3097:René Pélissier, 3095: 3089: 3086: 3080: 3073:Joseph C. Miller 3070: 3064: 3058: 3049: 3046: 3040: 3039: 3015: 2999: 2989: 2757:Graça de Freitas 2702:Assunção Cristas 2676: 2668: 2661: 2657: 2654: 2648: 2617: 2609: 2559:Taça de Portugal 2436:secondary school 2419:Western European 2052:colony of Brazil 2015:Mining in Angola 1955:Portuguese Congo 1726:system, and the 1679: 1672: 1668: 1665: 1659: 1628: 1620: 1610:autonomous state 1591:chain of command 1587:executive branch 1380:autonomous state 1216:rebels based in 1131:infrastructure. 1101:Congo Free State 1077:Battle of Mbwila 926:Kingdom of Lunda 918:Kingdom of Kongo 878:In southwestern 868: 861: 854: 755:Colonial history 745:Dutch occupation 721: 720: 715: 705: 687: 686: 663: 662: 649: 648: 635: 634: 623: 622: 610: 609: 596: 595: 582: 581: 572:Kingdom of Kongo 568: 567: 561: 560: 545: 544: 497:11 November 1975 423:Governor General 281: 271: 270: 242: 241: 216: 215: 202:Patriotic Anthem 197:Hymno Patriótico 177: 161: 134: 133: 122: 115: 111: 108: 102: 100: 59: 35: 27: 21: 6486: 6485: 6481: 6480: 6479: 6477: 6476: 6475: 6466:1970s in Angola 6461:1570s in Angola 6381: 6380: 6372:-12.500; 18.500 6371: 6369: 6365: 6362: 6357: 6354: 6352: 6350: 6349: 6347: 6342: 6318:Estado da Índia 6288: 6222: 6161: 6120: 6115: 6085: 6080: 6033: 6032: 6017: 6004: 5991: 5976: 5933: 5902: 5879: 5866: 5853: 5840: 5827: 5814: 5791: 5779: 5764: 5763: 5726: 5711: 5670: 5658: 5643: 5642: 5631: 5616: 5604: 5599: 5559: 5554: 5539: 5535: 5522: 5471: 5458: 5445: 5412: 5400: 5385: 5384: 5360: 5355: 5337: 5332: 5313: 5287:(Machilipatnam) 5286: 5229: 5206: 5193: 5170: 5159:Salsette Island 5130: 5126: 5125: 5077: 5067: 5063: 5062: 5056: 5052: 5051: 5031: 5018: 5008: 5004: 5003: 4997: 4993: 4992: 4982: 4969: 4955: 4950: 4944: 4940: 4939: 4923: 4911: 4896: 4895: 4788: 4730: 4666: 4643: 4628: 4616: 4601: 4600: 4597:from the 1920s. 4565: 4528: 4509: 4494: 4484: 4451: 4440: 4426: 4375: 4320: 4289: 4276: 4252: 4240: 4207: 4195: 4184: 4171: 4170: 4155: 4142: 4129: 4116: 4103: 4090: 4077: 4062: 4041: 4018: 3995: 3982: 3981:Alcácer Ceguer 3957: 3945: 3934: 3929: 3840:, ed. (1911). " 3825: 3823: 3807: 3802: 3795: 3781: 3777: 3769: 3765: 3755: 3753: 3752:(in Portuguese) 3744: 3743: 3739: 3731:(in Portuguese) 3730: 3729: 3725: 3702: 3683: 3677:Wayback Machine 3667: 3663: 3654:(in Portuguese) 3653: 3652: 3648: 3638: 3636: 3626:(9/10): 61–75. 3616: 3612: 3605: 3591: 3584: 3578:Wayback Machine 3569: 3556: 3548: 3544: 3536: 3532: 3520:(in Portuguese) 3519: 3518: 3511: 3503: 3499: 3491: 3487: 3475: 3471: 3463: 3459: 3451: 3447: 3439: 3435: 3424: 3420: 3409: 3405: 3393: 3389: 3372:(in Portuguese) 3371: 3370: 3366: 3354:(in Portuguese) 3353: 3352: 3348: 3336:(in Portuguese) 3335: 3334: 3330: 3324:Angola, History 3322: 3315: 3302: 3298: 3293:(in Portuguese) 3292: 3285: 3283: 3272: 3268: 3255: 3251: 3242:(in Portuguese) 3241: 3240: 3236: 3229: 3207: 3203: 3196: 3174: 3170: 3151: 3147: 3140: 3118: 3114: 3109: 3105: 3096: 3092: 3087: 3083: 3071: 3067: 3059: 3052: 3047: 3043: 3036: 3028:. p. 140. 3026:Scarecrow Press 3016: 3012: 3008: 3003: 3002: 2991:Officially the 2990: 2986: 2981: 2933: 2928: 2912:Waldemar Bastos 2907:Viriato da Cruz 2762:Henrique Galvão 2722:Daniel Chipenda 2687:Anthony Johnson 2669: 2658: 2652: 2649: 2634: 2618: 2607: 2567:nautical sports 2489:in Luanda, 1899 2480: 2444:Adriano Moreira 2382:colonial period 2378: 2101:plantations of 2021: 2005:Main articles: 2003: 1983:Alvor Agreement 1949:The exclave of 1947: 1938:Porto Alexandre 1893:Forte República 1802: 1680: 1669: 1663: 1660: 1645: 1629: 1618: 1553: 1541:Alvor Agreement 1537:sovereign state 1505:civil liberties 1467:Marcelo Caetano 1420: 1414:Alvor Agreement 1408:Main articles: 1406: 1360: 1336: 1330: 1290:Portuguese Army 1267:Marcelo Caetano 1224:, rebel leader 1170: 1162:Main articles: 1160: 1027:Cabinda exclave 982: 961: 942: 907:State of Angola 872: 842:Years in Angola 831: 703: 696: 660: 646: 632: 607: 593: 579: 565: 525:Angolan angolar 523: 518: 513: 510:Portuguese real 494: 481: 450: 438: 407: 406:• 1974–75 394: 393:• 1575–78 362: 358: 332: 309: 300: 284: 272: 257: 254: 250: 244: 243: 231: 228: 224: 218: 217: 207: 204: 200: 187: 186: 185: 182: 178: 170: 169: 166: 162: 144: 139: 130: 123: 112: 106: 103: 60: 58: 48: 36: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 6484: 6474: 6473: 6468: 6463: 6458: 6453: 6448: 6443: 6438: 6433: 6428: 6423: 6418: 6413: 6408: 6403: 6398: 6393: 6344: 6343: 6341: 6340: 6335: 6330: 6325: 6320: 6315: 6310: 6305: 6299: 6297: 6290: 6289: 6287: 6286: 6281: 6276: 6271: 6266: 6261: 6256: 6251: 6246: 6244:Baixo Alentejo 6241: 6236: 6230: 6228: 6224: 6223: 6221: 6220: 6218:Trás-os-Montes 6215: 6210: 6205: 6200: 6195: 6190: 6185: 6180: 6175: 6169: 6167: 6163: 6162: 6160: 6159: 6157:Trás-os-Montes 6154: 6149: 6144: 6139: 6134: 6128: 6126: 6122: 6121: 6114: 6113: 6106: 6099: 6091: 6082: 6081: 6079: 6078: 6073: 6068: 6063: 6058: 6053: 6048: 6042: 6039: 6038: 6035: 6034: 6029: 6028: 6022: 6021: 6013: 6009: 6008: 6000: 5996: 5995: 5987: 5973: 5970: 5969: 5964: 5960: 5959: 5954: 5950: 5949: 5944: 5929: 5928: 5923: 5919: 5918: 5913: 5899: 5896: 5895: 5890: 5886: 5885: 5877: 5873: 5872: 5864: 5860: 5859: 5857:Rio de Janeiro 5851: 5847: 5846: 5838: 5834: 5833: 5825: 5821: 5820: 5812: 5808: 5807: 5802: 5785: 5784: 5781: 5780: 5770: 5769: 5766: 5765: 5760: 5759: 5754: 5751: 5750: 5745: 5741: 5740: 5735: 5731: 5730: 5727:(Newfoundland) 5722: 5708: 5705: 5704: 5695: 5691: 5690: 5681: 5664: 5663: 5660: 5659: 5649: 5648: 5645: 5644: 5641: 5640: 5632: 5628: 5627: 5621: 5620: 5612: 5595: 5594: 5589: 5585: 5584: 5579: 5575: 5574: 5569: 5551: 5548: 5547: 5533: 5518: 5517: 5512: 5508: 5507: 5502: 5498: 5497: 5492: 5488: 5487: 5482: 5478: 5477: 5469: 5465: 5464: 5456: 5452: 5451: 5443: 5439: 5438: 5433: 5429: 5428: 5423: 5406: 5405: 5402: 5401: 5391: 5390: 5387: 5386: 5381: 5380: 5374: 5373: 5368: 5351: 5350: 5345: 5328: 5327: 5322: 5318: 5317: 5309: 5305: 5304: 5299: 5291: 5290: 5282: 5278: 5277: 5272: 5268: 5267: 5264: 5257: 5254: 5253: 5248: 5244: 5243: 5238: 5234: 5233: 5225: 5221: 5220: 5215: 5211: 5210: 5202: 5198: 5197: 5189: 5185: 5184: 5179: 5175: 5174: 5166: 5162: 5161: 5156: 5152: 5151: 5146: 5142: 5141: 5136: 5132: 5131: 5122: 5120: 5116: 5115: 5110: 5106: 5105: 5102: 5095: 5092: 5091: 5086: 5082: 5081: 5073: 5069: 5068: 5059: 5057: 5049: 5046: 5045: 5040: 5036: 5035: 5027: 5023: 5022: 5014: 5010: 5009: 5000: 4998: 4990: 4987: 4986: 4978: 4974: 4973: 4965: 4946: 4945: 4936: 4934: 4917: 4916: 4913: 4912: 4902: 4901: 4898: 4897: 4892: 4891: 4885: 4884: 4879: 4875: 4874: 4869: 4865: 4864: 4859: 4855: 4854: 4849: 4845: 4844: 4839: 4835: 4834: 4829: 4825: 4824: 4819: 4815: 4814: 4809: 4805: 4804: 4799: 4785: 4782: 4781: 4776: 4772: 4771: 4766: 4762: 4761: 4756: 4752: 4751: 4746: 4742: 4741: 4725: 4721: 4720: 4715: 4711: 4710: 4705: 4701: 4700: 4695: 4691: 4690: 4685: 4681: 4680: 4675: 4671: 4670: 4662: 4658: 4657: 4652: 4648: 4647: 4644:(Bandar Abbas) 4639: 4622: 4621: 4618: 4617: 4607: 4606: 4603: 4602: 4599: 4598: 4591: 4584: 4577: 4574: 4566: 4562: 4561: 4555: 4554: 4549: 4545: 4544: 4539: 4524: 4523: 4518: 4514: 4513: 4505: 4490: 4489: 4482: 4478: 4477: 4472: 4468: 4467: 4462: 4448: 4445: 4444: 4436: 4432: 4431: 4424: 4420: 4419: 4414: 4410: 4409: 4404: 4400: 4399: 4394: 4390: 4389: 4384: 4380: 4379: 4371: 4367: 4366: 4361: 4357: 4356: 4351: 4347: 4346: 4341: 4337: 4336: 4331: 4317: 4314: 4313: 4308: 4304: 4303: 4298: 4294: 4293: 4285: 4281: 4280: 4272: 4268: 4267: 4262: 4258: 4257: 4250: 4246: 4245: 4238: 4234: 4233: 4228: 4224: 4223: 4218: 4201: 4200: 4197: 4196: 4186: 4185: 4178: 4176: 4173: 4172: 4167: 4166: 4160: 4159: 4151: 4147: 4146: 4138: 4134: 4133: 4125: 4121: 4120: 4112: 4108: 4107: 4099: 4095: 4094: 4086: 4082: 4081: 4073: 4059: 4056: 4055: 4050: 4046: 4045: 4037: 4033: 4032: 4027: 4023: 4022: 4014: 4010: 4009: 4004: 4000: 3999: 3991: 3987: 3986: 3978: 3974: 3973: 3968: 3951: 3950: 3947: 3946: 3936: 3935: 3928: 3927: 3920: 3913: 3905: 3899: 3898: 3869: 3858:"Angola" 3852: 3838:Chisholm, Hugh 3821: 3806: 3803: 3801: 3800: 3793: 3775: 3771:6h Huambo 1973 3763: 3737: 3723: 3681: 3661: 3646: 3610: 3604:978-0821445211 3603: 3582: 3554: 3542: 3530: 3509: 3497: 3485: 3469: 3457: 3445: 3433: 3418: 3403: 3387: 3364: 3346: 3328: 3313: 3296: 3266: 3249: 3234: 3227: 3201: 3194: 3168: 3145: 3138: 3112: 3103: 3090: 3081: 3065: 3050: 3041: 3034: 3009: 3007: 3004: 3001: 3000: 2983: 2982: 2980: 2977: 2976: 2975: 2970: 2965: 2960: 2955: 2950: 2945: 2940: 2932: 2929: 2925: 2924: 2920: 2919: 2914: 2909: 2904: 2899: 2894: 2889: 2884: 2879: 2874: 2869: 2864: 2859: 2857:Miguel Arcanjo 2854: 2852:Marcolino Moco 2849: 2844: 2839: 2834: 2829: 2824: 2806: 2805: 2804: 2799: 2794: 2789: 2784: 2779: 2774: 2769: 2767:Holden Roberto 2764: 2759: 2754: 2749: 2744: 2739: 2737:Fernando Nobre 2734: 2729: 2724: 2719: 2714: 2709: 2704: 2699: 2694: 2692:Agostinho Neto 2689: 2684: 2674: 2671: 2670: 2621: 2619: 2612: 2606: 2603: 2599:Miguel Arcanjo 2587:Sá da Bandeira 2479: 2476: 2415:North American 2398:Roman Catholic 2377: 2374: 2331:cattle herding 2255:United Kingdom 2187:Diamond mining 2002: 1999: 1979:decolonisation 1946: 1945: 1940: 1935: 1930: 1925: 1920: 1915: 1910: 1905: 1900: 1895: 1890: 1885: 1880: 1878:Sá da Bandeira 1875: 1870: 1865: 1860: 1855: 1850: 1845: 1840: 1835: 1830: 1825: 1820: 1814: 1801: 1798: 1788:), Moçâmedes ( 1736:Okavango Delta 1732:Cubango Rivers 1682: 1681: 1632: 1630: 1623: 1617: 1614: 1552: 1549: 1405: 1402: 1359: 1356: 1332:Main article: 1329: 1326: 1232:and organised 1226:Holden Roberto 1222:United Nations 1159: 1156: 1089:United Kingdom 1062:Gulf of Guinea 978:Main article: 960: 957: 953:decolonization 941: 938: 930:Mbunda Kingdom 874: 873: 871: 870: 863: 856: 848: 845: 844: 838: 837: 833: 832: 830: 829: 824: 819: 813: 810: 809: 805: 804: 801: 800: 797: 791: 790: 787: 781: 780: 777: 771: 770: 767: 761: 760: 757: 751: 750: 747: 741: 740: 737: 731: 730: 727: 717: 716: 708: 707: 698: 697: 690: 683: 682: 677: 673: 672: 669: 668: 665: 664: 657: 651: 650: 643: 637: 636: 629: 620: 617: 616: 614:Mbunda Kingdom 611: 603: 602: 597: 589: 588: 583: 575: 574: 569: 557: 556: 551: 541: 540: 535: 529: 528: 520:Angolan escudo 507: 503: 502: 499: 498: 495: 489: 486: 485: 482: 476: 473: 472: 469: 468: 463: 462:Historical era 459: 458: 455: 454: 451: 448: 445: 444: 439: 436: 433: 432: 429: 428: 425: 419: 418: 415: 414: 408: 405: 402: 401: 395: 392: 389: 388: 385: 384: 381: 377: 376: 373: 367: 366: 353: 349: 348: 326: 322: 321: 316: 312: 311: 290: 286: 285: 282: 274: 273: 255: 252:The Portuguese 229: 205: 189: 188: 179: 172: 171: 163: 156: 155: 154: 151: 150: 146: 145: 140: 137: 128: 125: 124: 39: 37: 30: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6483: 6472: 6469: 6467: 6464: 6462: 6459: 6457: 6454: 6452: 6449: 6447: 6444: 6442: 6439: 6437: 6434: 6432: 6429: 6427: 6424: 6422: 6419: 6417: 6414: 6412: 6409: 6407: 6404: 6402: 6399: 6397: 6394: 6392: 6389: 6388: 6386: 6379: 6376: 6339: 6336: 6334: 6331: 6329: 6326: 6324: 6321: 6319: 6316: 6314: 6311: 6309: 6306: 6304: 6301: 6300: 6298: 6296:added in 1951 6295: 6291: 6285: 6282: 6280: 6277: 6275: 6272: 6270: 6267: 6265: 6264:Douro Litoral 6262: 6260: 6259:Beira Litoral 6257: 6255: 6252: 6250: 6247: 6245: 6242: 6240: 6239:Alto Alentejo 6237: 6235: 6232: 6231: 6229: 6225: 6219: 6216: 6214: 6211: 6209: 6206: 6204: 6201: 6199: 6196: 6194: 6191: 6189: 6186: 6184: 6181: 6179: 6176: 6174: 6171: 6170: 6168: 6164: 6158: 6155: 6153: 6150: 6148: 6145: 6143: 6140: 6138: 6135: 6133: 6130: 6129: 6127: 6123: 6119: 6112: 6107: 6105: 6100: 6098: 6093: 6092: 6089: 6077: 6074: 6072: 6069: 6067: 6064: 6062: 6059: 6057: 6054: 6052: 6049: 6047: 6044: 6043: 6040: 6027: 6020: 6014: 6011: 6010: 6007: 6001: 5998: 5997: 5994: 5988: 5985: 5984: 5981: 5979: 5974: 5968: 5965: 5962: 5961: 5958: 5955: 5952: 5951: 5948: 5945: 5942: 5941: 5938: 5936: 5927: 5924: 5921: 5920: 5917: 5914: 5911: 5910: 5907: 5905: 5900: 5894: 5891: 5888: 5887: 5884: 5878: 5875: 5874: 5871: 5865: 5862: 5861: 5858: 5852: 5849: 5848: 5845: 5839: 5836: 5835: 5832: 5826: 5823: 5822: 5819: 5813: 5810: 5809: 5806: 5803: 5800: 5799: 5796: 5794: 5789: 5788: 5782: 5775: 5771: 5758: 5755: 5749: 5746: 5743: 5742: 5739: 5736: 5733: 5732: 5729: 5723: 5720: 5719: 5716: 5714: 5709: 5703: 5702: 5701: 5696: 5693: 5692: 5689: 5688: 5687: 5682: 5679: 5678: 5675: 5673: 5668: 5667: 5661: 5654: 5650: 5638: 5634: 5633: 5626: 5619: 5613: 5610: 5609: 5606: 5602: 5593: 5590: 5587: 5586: 5583: 5580: 5577: 5576: 5573: 5570: 5567: 5566: 5563: 5562: 5557: 5552: 5543: 5538: 5534: 5531: 5530: 5527: 5525: 5516: 5513: 5510: 5509: 5506: 5503: 5500: 5499: 5496: 5493: 5490: 5489: 5486: 5483: 5480: 5479: 5476: 5470: 5467: 5466: 5463: 5457: 5454: 5453: 5450: 5444: 5441: 5440: 5437: 5434: 5431: 5430: 5427: 5424: 5421: 5420: 5417: 5415: 5410: 5409: 5403: 5396: 5392: 5379: 5372: 5369: 5366: 5365: 5362: 5358: 5349: 5346: 5343: 5342: 5339: 5335: 5326: 5323: 5320: 5319: 5316: 5310: 5307: 5306: 5303: 5300: 5297: 5296: 5289: 5285:Masulipatnam 5283: 5280: 5279: 5276: 5273: 5270: 5269: 5265: 5262: 5261: 5258: 5252: 5249: 5246: 5245: 5242: 5241:Daman and Diu 5239: 5236: 5235: 5232: 5230:(Thoothukudi) 5226: 5223: 5222: 5219: 5216: 5213: 5212: 5209: 5207:(Kodungallur) 5203: 5200: 5199: 5196: 5194:(Vasai-Virar) 5190: 5187: 5186: 5183: 5180: 5177: 5176: 5173: 5167: 5164: 5163: 5160: 5157: 5154: 5153: 5150: 5147: 5144: 5143: 5140: 5137: 5134: 5133: 5129: 5121: 5118: 5117: 5114: 5111: 5108: 5107: 5103: 5100: 5099: 5096: 5090: 5087: 5084: 5083: 5080: 5074: 5071: 5070: 5066: 5058: 5048: 5047: 5044: 5041: 5038: 5037: 5034: 5028: 5025: 5024: 5021: 5015: 5012: 5011: 5007: 4999: 4989: 4988: 4985: 4979: 4976: 4975: 4972: 4966: 4963: 4962: 4959: 4958: 4953: 4943: 4941:(Lakshadweep) 4935: 4932: 4931: 4928: 4926: 4921: 4920: 4914: 4907: 4903: 4890: 4883: 4882:Bandar-e Kong 4880: 4877: 4876: 4873: 4872:Dibba Al-Hisn 4870: 4867: 4866: 4863: 4860: 4857: 4856: 4853: 4850: 4847: 4846: 4843: 4840: 4837: 4836: 4833: 4830: 4827: 4826: 4823: 4820: 4817: 4816: 4813: 4810: 4807: 4806: 4803: 4800: 4797: 4796: 4793: 4791: 4786: 4780: 4777: 4774: 4773: 4770: 4767: 4764: 4763: 4760: 4757: 4754: 4753: 4750: 4747: 4744: 4743: 4738: 4734: 4729: 4726: 4723: 4722: 4719: 4716: 4713: 4712: 4709: 4706: 4703: 4702: 4699: 4696: 4693: 4692: 4689: 4686: 4683: 4682: 4679: 4676: 4673: 4672: 4669: 4663: 4660: 4659: 4656: 4653: 4650: 4649: 4646: 4640: 4637: 4636: 4633: 4631: 4626: 4625: 4619: 4612: 4608: 4596: 4592: 4589: 4585: 4582: 4578: 4575: 4572: 4568: 4567: 4560: 4553: 4550: 4547: 4546: 4543: 4540: 4537: 4536: 4533: 4531: 4522: 4519: 4516: 4515: 4512: 4506: 4503: 4502: 4499: 4497: 4487: 4483: 4480: 4479: 4476: 4473: 4470: 4469: 4466: 4463: 4460: 4459: 4456: 4454: 4449: 4443: 4437: 4434: 4433: 4429: 4425: 4422: 4421: 4418: 4415: 4412: 4411: 4408: 4405: 4402: 4401: 4398: 4395: 4392: 4391: 4388: 4385: 4382: 4381: 4378: 4372: 4369: 4368: 4365: 4362: 4359: 4358: 4355: 4352: 4349: 4348: 4345: 4342: 4339: 4338: 4335: 4332: 4329: 4328: 4325: 4323: 4318: 4312: 4309: 4306: 4305: 4302: 4299: 4296: 4295: 4292: 4286: 4283: 4282: 4279: 4275:Fernando Poo 4273: 4270: 4269: 4266: 4263: 4260: 4259: 4255: 4251: 4248: 4247: 4243: 4239: 4236: 4235: 4232: 4229: 4226: 4225: 4222: 4219: 4216: 4215: 4212: 4210: 4205: 4204: 4198: 4191: 4187: 4182: 4165: 4158: 4152: 4149: 4148: 4145: 4139: 4136: 4135: 4132: 4126: 4123: 4122: 4119: 4113: 4110: 4109: 4106: 4100: 4097: 4096: 4093: 4087: 4084: 4083: 4080: 4074: 4071: 4070: 4067: 4065: 4060: 4054: 4051: 4048: 4047: 4044: 4038: 4035: 4034: 4031: 4028: 4025: 4024: 4021: 4015: 4012: 4011: 4008: 4005: 4002: 4001: 3998: 3992: 3989: 3988: 3985: 3979: 3976: 3975: 3972: 3969: 3966: 3965: 3962: 3960: 3955: 3954: 3948: 3941: 3937: 3933: 3926: 3921: 3919: 3914: 3912: 3907: 3906: 3903: 3895: 3891: 3887: 3883: 3879: 3875: 3870: 3866: 3865: 3859: 3853: 3849: 3848: 3843: 3839: 3834: 3833:public domain 3822: 3818: 3814: 3809: 3808: 3796: 3790: 3786: 3779: 3772: 3767: 3751: 3747: 3741: 3735: 3727: 3721: 3719: 3715: 3712: 3708: 3707: 3700: 3698: 3696: 3694: 3692: 3690: 3688: 3686: 3678: 3674: 3671: 3665: 3658: 3650: 3634: 3629: 3625: 3621: 3614: 3606: 3600: 3596: 3589: 3587: 3579: 3575: 3572: 3567: 3565: 3563: 3561: 3559: 3551: 3546: 3539: 3534: 3528: 3524: 3516: 3514: 3506: 3501: 3494: 3489: 3482: 3478: 3473: 3466: 3461: 3454: 3449: 3443: 3437: 3431: 3427: 3422: 3416: 3412: 3407: 3400: 3399:Time Magazine 3396: 3391: 3384: 3380: 3376: 3368: 3362: 3358: 3350: 3344: 3340: 3332: 3325: 3320: 3318: 3310: 3306: 3300: 3281: 3277: 3270: 3263: 3259: 3253: 3247: 3238: 3230: 3228:9780802140685 3224: 3220: 3215: 3214: 3205: 3197: 3195:9780813339474 3191: 3187: 3182: 3181: 3172: 3164: 3159: 3158: 3149: 3141: 3135: 3131: 3127: 3123: 3122:Atena Editora 3116: 3107: 3100: 3094: 3085: 3078: 3074: 3069: 3062: 3061:Chisholm 1911 3057: 3055: 3045: 3037: 3035:9780810865600 3031: 3027: 3023: 3022: 3014: 3010: 2998: 2994: 2988: 2984: 2974: 2971: 2969: 2966: 2964: 2961: 2959: 2956: 2954: 2951: 2949: 2946: 2944: 2941: 2938: 2935: 2934: 2923: 2918: 2915: 2913: 2910: 2908: 2905: 2903: 2900: 2898: 2895: 2893: 2890: 2888: 2887:Paulo Kassoma 2885: 2883: 2880: 2878: 2875: 2873: 2870: 2868: 2865: 2863: 2862:Miguel Relvas 2860: 2858: 2855: 2853: 2850: 2848: 2845: 2843: 2842:José Quitongo 2840: 2838: 2835: 2833: 2830: 2828: 2825: 2823: 2820: 2819: 2815: 2811: 2807: 2803: 2800: 2798: 2797:Jonas Savimbi 2795: 2793: 2790: 2788: 2785: 2783: 2780: 2778: 2775: 2773: 2772:Horácio Roque 2770: 2768: 2765: 2763: 2760: 2758: 2755: 2753: 2750: 2748: 2745: 2743: 2740: 2738: 2735: 2733: 2730: 2728: 2725: 2723: 2720: 2718: 2715: 2713: 2712:Carlos Castro 2710: 2708: 2705: 2703: 2700: 2698: 2695: 2693: 2690: 2688: 2685: 2683: 2680: 2679: 2678: 2677: 2667: 2664: 2656: 2646: 2642: 2638: 2632: 2631: 2627: 2622:This section 2620: 2616: 2611: 2610: 2605:Famous people 2602: 2600: 2594: 2592: 2588: 2584: 2580: 2576: 2572: 2568: 2564: 2560: 2556: 2552: 2548: 2544: 2540: 2536: 2532: 2528: 2524: 2520: 2516: 2512: 2508: 2504: 2500: 2496: 2488: 2484: 2475: 2473: 2469: 2465: 2461: 2457: 2456: 2451: 2450: 2445: 2440: 2437: 2433: 2427: 2425: 2420: 2416: 2411: 2406: 2403: 2399: 2395: 2391: 2387: 2383: 2373: 2371: 2367: 2363: 2359: 2358:fishing boats 2354: 2352: 2348: 2344: 2340: 2336: 2332: 2328: 2324: 2320: 2316: 2311: 2309: 2305: 2304:ChevronTexaco 2301: 2298:in 1968. The 2297: 2293: 2289: 2285: 2281: 2276: 2272: 2268: 2264: 2260: 2256: 2252: 2248: 2244: 2240: 2236: 2232: 2229:was mined in 2228: 2223: 2221: 2217: 2211: 2209: 2204: 2200: 2196: 2192: 2188: 2184: 2182: 2178: 2174: 2170: 2166: 2162: 2158: 2153: 2151: 2147: 2143: 2139: 2135: 2134:logging camps 2130: 2128: 2124: 2120: 2116: 2112: 2108: 2104: 2100: 2096: 2092: 2088: 2087:Iberian Union 2084: 2080: 2076: 2072: 2068: 2063: 2061: 2057: 2053: 2049: 2045: 2041: 2037: 2033: 2029: 2025: 2020: 2016: 2012: 2008: 1998: 1996: 1992: 1988: 1984: 1980: 1976: 1975:Belgian Congo 1972: 1968: 1964: 1960: 1956: 1952: 1944: 1941: 1939: 1936: 1934: 1931: 1929: 1926: 1924: 1921: 1919: 1916: 1914: 1911: 1909: 1906: 1904: 1901: 1899: 1896: 1894: 1891: 1889: 1886: 1884: 1881: 1879: 1876: 1874: 1871: 1869: 1868:Vila da Ponte 1866: 1864: 1861: 1859: 1856: 1854: 1851: 1849: 1846: 1844: 1841: 1839: 1836: 1834: 1831: 1829: 1826: 1824: 1821: 1819: 1816: 1815: 1809: 1805: 1797: 1795: 1791: 1787: 1782: 1778: 1776: 1770: 1768: 1764: 1760: 1756: 1752: 1748: 1744: 1739: 1737: 1733: 1729: 1725: 1721: 1717: 1713: 1704: 1700: 1698: 1697:Moco Mountain 1693: 1689: 1678: 1675: 1667: 1657: 1653: 1649: 1643: 1642: 1638: 1633:This section 1631: 1627: 1622: 1621: 1613: 1611: 1607: 1604:In 1972, the 1602: 1598: 1596: 1592: 1588: 1583: 1580: 1576: 1575: 1565: 1557: 1548: 1546: 1542: 1538: 1534: 1533: 1528: 1523: 1521: 1517: 1514: 1510: 1506: 1502: 1498: 1494: 1493: 1488: 1484: 1480: 1476: 1475:authoritarian 1472: 1468: 1465:regime under 1464: 1463: 1454: 1449: 1445: 1443: 1439: 1438: 1433: 1429: 1425: 1419: 1415: 1411: 1401: 1398: 1394: 1390: 1386: 1381: 1377: 1373: 1369: 1365: 1355: 1353: 1352: 1347: 1343: 1342: 1335: 1325: 1323: 1319: 1315: 1311: 1301: 1297: 1295: 1291: 1287: 1283: 1279: 1276:(Portuguese: 1275: 1270: 1268: 1264: 1260: 1259: 1255: 1251: 1241: 1237: 1235: 1231: 1227: 1223: 1219: 1215: 1211: 1207: 1202: 1197: 1195: 1194:economic boom 1191: 1187: 1183: 1174: 1169: 1165: 1155: 1153: 1149: 1145: 1141: 1137: 1132: 1129: 1124: 1122: 1118: 1114: 1110: 1106: 1105:German Empire 1102: 1098: 1094: 1090: 1087:In 1884, the 1085: 1082: 1078: 1073: 1071: 1067: 1063: 1059: 1055: 1051: 1047: 1043: 1039: 1035: 1030: 1028: 1024: 1020: 1016: 1012: 1008: 1004: 1000: 996: 991: 990:Kongo Kingdom 987: 984:When in 1484 981: 973: 969: 965: 956: 954: 950: 947: 937: 935: 931: 927: 923: 919: 914: 912: 908: 904: 900: 897: 893: 889: 885: 881: 869: 864: 862: 857: 855: 850: 849: 847: 846: 843: 840: 839: 835: 834: 828: 825: 823: 820: 818: 815: 814: 812: 811: 807: 806: 798: 796: 793: 792: 788: 786: 783: 782: 778: 776: 773: 772: 768: 766: 763: 762: 758: 756: 753: 752: 748: 746: 743: 742: 738: 736: 733: 732: 728: 726: 723: 722: 719: 718: 714: 710: 709: 706: 700: 699: 694: 689: 688: 681: 678: 676:Today part of 674: 658: 656: 653: 652: 644: 642: 639: 638: 630: 628: 625: 624: 621: 615: 612: 605: 604: 601: 598: 591: 590: 587: 584: 577: 576: 573: 570: 563: 562: 559: 558: 555: 552: 550: 547: 546: 542: 539: 536: 534: 533:ISO 3166 code 530: 526: 521: 516: 511: 508: 504: 500: 496: 493: 487: 483: 480: 474: 470: 467: 464: 460: 456: 452: 446: 443: 440: 434: 430: 426: 424: 420: 416: 413: 409: 403: 400: 396: 390: 386: 382: 380:Head of State 378: 374: 372: 368: 365: 361: 360:Protestantism 357: 354: 350: 347: 343: 339: 335: 330: 327: 323: 320: 317: 313: 307: 303: 298: 294: 291: 287: 280: 275: 253: 248: 227: 223:" (1834–1910) 222: 221:Hino da Carta 203: 198: 194: 190: 184: 176: 168: 160: 152: 147: 143: 135: 132: 121: 118: 110: 99: 96: 92: 89: 85: 82: 78: 75: 71: 68: – 67: 63: 62:Find sources: 56: 52: 46: 45: 40:This article 38: 34: 29: 28: 19: 6348: 6302: 6025: 5978:19th century 5977: 5975: 5935:18th century 5934: 5932: 5904:17th century 5903: 5901: 5793:16th century 5792: 5790: 5756: 5713:16th century 5712: 5710: 5698: 5697: 5684: 5683: 5672:15th century 5671: 5669: 5624: 5601:20th century 5600: 5598: 5556:19th century 5555: 5553: 5524:17th century 5523: 5521: 5414:16th century 5413: 5411: 5377: 5357:18th century 5356: 5354: 5334:17th century 5333: 5331: 5032:(Nagapatnam) 4952:16th century 4951: 4949: 4925:15th century 4924: 4922: 4888: 4790:17th century 4789: 4787: 4759:Tarut Island 4630:16th century 4629: 4627: 4615:Middle East 4594: 4581:Anosy Region 4558: 4530:19th century 4529: 4527: 4496:18th century 4495: 4493: 4453:17th century 4452: 4450: 4416: 4354:Saint Helena 4322:16th century 4321: 4319: 4209:15th century 4208: 4206: 4163: 4064:16th century 4063: 4061: 3959:15th century 3958: 3956: 3944:North Africa 3892:– via 3873: 3862: 3845: 3816: 3805:Bibliography 3784: 3778: 3766: 3754:. 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II, 2917:Zeca Afonso 2717:Carlos Cruz 2579:Nova Lisboa 2499:rink hockey 2288:Congo basin 2177:bourgeoisie 2150:independent 2036:slave trade 1903:Serpa Pinto 1863:Silva Porto 1858:Nova Lisboa 1724:Congo River 1597:in Lisbon. 1574:Estado Novo 1501:Estado Novo 1471:corporatist 1462:Estado Novo 1453:Nova Lisboa 1437:Estado Novo 1397:Estado Novo 1322:Silva Porto 1280:, GRAE) in 1258:Estado Novo 1254:dictatorial 1236:militants. 1128:Westernised 1113:Barotseland 995:slave trade 702:History of 549:Preceded by 512:(1575–1911) 466:Imperialism 308:(1951–1972) 299:(1575–1951) 249:" (1910–75) 199:" (1808–34) 183:(1951–1975) 167:(1910–1975) 6385:Categories 6328:Moçambique 6308:Cabo Verde 6249:Beira Alta 6188:Beira Alta 5744:1516–1579? 5734:1500–1579? 5721:1500–1579? 5592:Ilha Verde 5542:East Timor 5228:Tuticorin 5124:Chittagong 5030:Negapatam 4981:Cannanore 4910:South Asia 4745:1521–1529? 4714:1515–1633? 4590:from 1879. 4573:from 1753. 4465:Ziguinchor 4397:Madagascar 4231:Cape Verde 4130:(Azemmour) 3894:HathiTrust 3286:28 October 3262:9728563787 3217:. p. 3161:. p. 3006:References 2902:Raul Águas 2882:Paulo Maló 2822:José Águas 2814:José Águas 2543:Rui Jordão 2539:José Águas 2525:. Several 2519:gymnastics 2507:volleyball 2503:basketball 2410:illiteracy 2402:Protestant 2386:Portuguese 2253:, and the 2107:Pernambuco 2024:Portuguese 1751:Cangandala 1664:April 2024 1551:Government 1532:retornados 1391:a sort of 1385:Mozambique 1265:and later 1261:regime of 1199:Organised 1070:conversion 1050:Portuguese 1009:, in turn 1007:Portuguese 410:President 371:Government 331:(official) 329:Portuguese 107:April 2024 77:newspapers 6018:(Bolivia) 5999:1809–1817 5992:(Uruguay) 5986:1808–1822 5963:1772–1775 5953:1772–1775 5943:1751–1772 5922:1680–1777 5912:1621–1751 5889:1536–1620 5801:1500–1822 5617:(Hengqin) 5532:1642–1975 5511:1580–1586 5501:1557–1999 5495:Larantuka 5491:1515–1859 5481:1512–1665 5432:1512–1621 5422:1511–1641 5321:1558–1573 5308:1518–1658 5298:1518–1521 5251:Mangalore 5078:(Pulicat) 4996:1659–1661 4933:1498–1545 4868:1624–1648 4818:1621–1622 4775:1588–1648 4765:1550–1551 4724:1521–1602 4694:1515–1650 4674:1515–1648 4661:1515–1622 4651:1507–1643 4638:1506–1615 4548:1885–1974 4538:1879–1974 4517:1753–1975 4510:(Mombasa) 4508:Mombassa 4504:1728–1729 4481:1687–1974 4471:1680–1961 4461:1645–1888 4441:(Mombasa) 4439:Mombassa 4435:1593–1698 4423:1588–1974 4413:1575–1975 4403:1557–1578 4393:1508–1547 4383:1506–1511 4370:1505–1512 4360:1503–1698 4350:1502–1659 4340:1501–1975 4330:1500–1630 4307:1498–1540 4297:1482–1642 4284:1482–1637 4271:1478–1778 4261:1474–1778 4249:1471–1975 4237:1470–1975 4227:1462–1975 4217:1455–1633 4150:1577–1589 4137:1515–1541 4124:1513–1541 4111:1506–1769 4098:1506–1525 4085:1506–1525 4072:1505–1541 4036:1488–1541 4013:1485–1550 4003:1471–1662 3990:1471–1550 3977:1458–1550 3967:1415–1640 3890:865826167 2653:July 2022 2624:does not 2591:Moçâmedes 2515:athletics 2376:Education 2362:Moçâmedes 2339:sugarcane 2280:petroleum 2259:Moçâmedes 2181:metropole 2099:sugarcane 2056:New World 2040:Imbangala 1908:Moçâmedes 1883:Vila Luso 1635:does not 1616:Geography 1123:in 1905. 1042:New World 986:Diogo Cão 949:Diogo Cão 913:in 1975. 799:1975–2002 795:Civil War 789:1975–1992 779:1961–1974 769:1951–1961 759:1648–1951 749:1641–1648 739:1575–1641 527:(1926–58) 517:(1911–14) 352:Religion 149:1575–1975 6279:Ribatejo 6178:Alentejo 6132:Alentejo 5916:Maranhão 5893:Barbados 5738:Labrador 5515:Nagasaki 5485:Makassar 5348:Mylapore 5325:Maldives 5302:Maldives 5171:(Mumbai) 5113:Mylapore 4983:(Kannur) 4733:Muharraq 4593:Part of 4586:Part of 4576:Or 1600. 4569:Part of 4364:Zanzibar 4254:Príncipe 4242:São Tomé 4156:(Asilah) 4143:(Mehdya) 4115:Mazagan 4089:Mogador 4078:(Agadir) 4053:Graciosa 4017:Mazagan 3996:(Asilah) 3813:"Angola" 3673:Archived 3574:Archived 3481:Portugal 2931:See also 2897:Pepetela 2583:Benguela 2563:swimming 2523:swimming 2511:handball 2495:football 2370:Benguela 2335:palm oil 2267:Cassinga 2227:iron ore 2165:Benguela 2083:Bailundo 1516:captains 1282:Kinshasa 1230:Kinshasa 1066:Catholic 1060:and the 1038:Benguela 1003:Afonso I 946:explorer 836:See also 693:a series 691:Part of 506:Currency 338:Kimbundu 306:Portugal 6358:18°30′E 6355:12°30′S 6234:Algarve 6208:Madeira 6183:Algarve 6137:Algarve 6005:(Amapá) 5686:Madeira 5572:Coloane 5449:Ternate 5192:Baçaím 5182:Ponnani 5169:Bombay 5061:Calicut 4970:(Kochi) 4968:Cochim 4878:1624?–? 4842:Libedia 4808:1621?–? 4728:Bahrain 4704:1515?–? 4678:Quriyat 4667:(Ormus) 4665:Hormuz 4387:Socotra 4376:(Kilwa) 4374:Quíloa 4334:Malindi 4288:Elmina 4277:(Bioko) 4265:Annobón 4154:Arzila 4128:Azamor 4030:Ouadane 4007:Tangier 3994:Arzila 3835:: 2645:removed 2630:sources 2432:primary 2394:history 2343:bananas 2315:cassava 2296:Cabinda 2292:exclave 2231:Malanje 2220:serfdom 2199:shibalo 2195:Diamang 2173:cassava 2159:in the 2148:became 2095:Castile 2060:Jesuits 2054:in the 2001:Economy 1951:Cabinda 1943:Carmona 1888:Malanje 1786:Lubango 1767:Quiçama 1743:Bicauri 1656:removed 1641:sources 1527:mestiço 1234:Bakongo 1136:Mucubal 1097:Germany 1058:Morocco 940:History 890:of the 729:to 1575 342:Kikongo 334:Umbundu 315:Capital 295:of the 195: " 193:Anthem: 91:scholar 6303:Angola 6173:Açores 6026: 5883:Brazil 5880: 5870:Brazil 5867: 5854: 5841: 5831:Brazil 5828: 5815: 5805:Brazil 5757: 5700:Azores 5625: 5475:Tidore 5472: 5459: 5446: 5436:Maluku 5378: 5263: 5101: 5053: 5002:Quilon 4994: 4889: 4858:1624–? 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