1222:
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25:
284:
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called
Umbundu group. See: M. Guthrie, The Classification of the Bantu Languages (OUP, 1948), and M. Guthrie, Comparative Bantu, Vol 2 (Gregg Press, 1971). Glottolog classifies Kimbundu in a Mbundu group, which is in the Northern Njila group, and Umbundu (the Ovimbundu's language) in the Kunene group, which is itself in the Southern Njila group. see
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1292:
Ambundu is the short form for Akwa Mbundu, where 'Akwa' means 'from', or 'of', or more originally 'originally from' and 'belonging to'. In
Kimbundu language, the particle Akwa is shortened into simply A, so that instead of Akwa Mbndu, it becomes Ambundu; similarly the term Akwa Ngola becomes ANgola,
804:
and are allophones of /p/ and /b/, respectively, before /a/ and /u/. The phoneme /l/ is phonetically a flap , a voiced plosive or its palatalized version when before the front high vowel /i/. In the same way, the alveolars /s/, /z/ and /n/ are palatalized to , and , respectively, before . There
1246:
A language name 'mbundu' was used by
Guthrie in his 1948 classification, for his group R10 (the language is Umbundu, the Ovimbundu's language. Kimbundu is found as Ndongo-H21). This has become obsolete: In his 1971 classification, the group H20 is called the Kimbundu group, and the R10 group is
375:
374:
914:
in two groups (the high vowels /i, u/ and the mid and low vowels /e, o, a/) that applies only for verbal morphology. In some morphemes, vowels may be consistently deleted to avoid a hiatus.
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then Angola. Ngola was the title for kings in the historic
Northern Angolan kingdom, before the Portuguese invasion.
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may be an epenthesis of after /Å/ in word medial positions, thus creating a phonetic cluster in a process of
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There is a small number of words of
Kimbundu origin and many of those are indirect loans, borrowed via
1306:
Fonologia segmental e supra-segmental do
Quimbundo: variedades de Luanda, Bengo, Quanza Norte e Malange
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The examples generally understood by most or all speakers of
Angolan and European Portuguese include
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There are two contrasting tones: a high (Ć”) and a low tone (Ć ). There is also a downstep in cases of
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is geographic and its groupings do not imply a relationship between the languages within them.
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409:, sometimes called South Mbundu), is the second-most-widely-spoken Bantu language in
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Its speakers are concentrated in the north-west of the country, notably in the
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1409:
The art of the language of Angola, author Father Pedro Dias, published in 1697
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Narrow Bantu languages by
Guthrie classification zone templates
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1309:(Ph.D. thesis) (in Portuguese). University of SĆ£o Paulo.
1264:. Oxford University Press. 2003-01-01. p. 115.
49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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3081:Template:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones EāH)
3076:Template:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones CāD)
3071:Template:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones AāB)
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1092:Eie uala / Eye uala / Eie wala / Eye wala
1314:
1262:International Encyclopedia of Linguistics
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
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1316:10.11606/t.8.2010.tde-20102010-091425
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1270:10.1093/acref/9780195139778.001.0001
927:B D F G H J K L M N P S T V W X Y Z
917:
47:adding citations to reliable sources
18:
1303:Xavier, Francisco da Silva (2010).
1141:in Kimbundu) in the present :
13:
3049:Languages between parentheses are
1203:
16:Bantu language of northwest Angola
14:
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1384:Ciberduvidas da lingua portuguesa
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1419:PanAfrican L10n page on Kimbundu
1220:
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397:which has sometimes been called
382:A Kimbundu speaker, recorded in
282:
23:
1359:
1340:
1236:New Updated Guthrie List Online
432:provinces. It is spoken by the
34:needs additional citations for
3053:of the language on their left.
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1334:
1323:
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1253:
1240:
1133:Conjugating the verb to have (
1003:
1:
1196:
1078:in Kimbundu) in the present:
485:
3182:. You can help Knowledge by
3125:. You can help Knowledge by
1070:Conjugating the verb to be (
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7:
1414:Emuseum article on Kimbundu
1360:S.A, Priberam InformƔtica.
1341:S.A, Priberam InformƔtica.
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128:
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1234:Jouni Filip Maho, 2009.
1100:Muene uala / Muene wala
938:
405:(to distinguish it from
1429:Ethnic groups of Angola
812:There is long distance
261:Kimbundu proper (Ngola)
177:1.7 million (2015)
3178:-related article is a
3121:-related article is a
3060:Guthrie classification
1778:Guthrie classification
1116:Enu nuala / Enu nwala
1108:Etu tuala / Etu twala
990:
976:
959:
387:
458:Ambundu or Akwambundu
381:
292:("National language")
3249:Bantu language stubs
1260:"Narrow Bantu "H"".
43:improve this article
3239:Languages of Angola
1465:Languages of Angola
1380:"A lĆngua kimbundu"
1366:DicionƔrio Priberam
1347:DicionƔrio Priberam
1330:Omniglot - Kimbundu
1249:the Glottolog entry
1009:
944:European Portuguese
3234:Kimbundu languages
1488:National languages
1155:Eie / Eye uala ni
1013:Personal pronouns
1008:
972:, "very, a lot"),
950:Angolan Portuguese
474:Ndongo and Matamba
388:
229:Kimbundu languages
3191:
3190:
3134:
3133:
3099:
3098:
3044:extinct languages
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2353:
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1739:
1738:
1472:Official language
1279:978-0-19-513977-8
1218:(25th ed., 2022)
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1193:
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1067:
918:Kimbundu alphabet
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997:[ĖmÉĢbu]
993:
986:, "old person")
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156:Malanje Province
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92:
51:
27:
19:
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3263:
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3229:Northern Mbundu
3219:
3218:
3217:
3216:
3160:
3159:
3102:
3100:
3095:
3027:
3004:
2957:
2916:
2890:Southeast Kongo
2794:
2735:
2712:
2702:Socotra Swahili
2611:
2534:
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2459:
2424:
2383:
2349:
2260:
2207:
2197:Mwimbi-Muthambi
2148:
2013:
1936:
1871:
1781:
1774:Bantu languages
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1740:
1735:
1699:
1483:
1467:
1462:
1424:Kimbundu people
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1400:
1399:
1389:
1387:
1386:(in Portuguese)
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1199:
1006:
983:[ĖkÉtÉ]
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946:
941:
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908:
822:
488:
483:
442:Northern Mbundu
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361:
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271:Official status
264:Mbamba (Njinga)
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185:Language family
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173:Native speakers
148:Luanda Province
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3176:Bantu language
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1403:External links
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1166:He or she has
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1026:
1025:
1022:
1018:
1017:
1014:
1005:
1002:
945:
942:
940:
937:
919:
916:
907:
904:
894:
893:
886:
880:
879:
872:
865:
859:
858:
851:
844:
838:
837:
832:
827:
821:
818:
797:
796:
794:
792:
785:
778:
771:
765:
764:
762:
755:
746:
739:
732:
726:
725:
723:
721:
714:
707:
700:
692:
691:
689:
687:
680:
673:
666:
658:
657:
650:
648:
641:
634:
627:
622:
616:
615:
613:
604:
602:
595:
588:
580:
579:
577:
575:
573:
571:
564:
556:
555:
553:
546:
544:
537:
530:
525:
519:
518:
513:
508:
503:
498:
493:
487:
484:
482:
479:
476:
475:
472:
468:
467:
464:
460:
459:
456:
452:
451:
448:
444:
443:
395:Bantu language
365:
364:
359:
352:
349:
348:
341:
333:
332:
325:
317:
316:
307:
299:
298:
297:Language codes
294:
293:
279:
276:
273:
272:
268:
267:
266:
265:
262:
257:
253:
252:
250:
249:
248:
247:
246:
245:
244:
243:
242:
241:
240:
239:
238:
237:
199:AtlanticāCongo
191:
189:
182:
179:
178:
175:
172:
169:
168:
163:
159:
158:
152:Bengo Province
145:
141:
140:
135:
134:Native to
131:
130:
126:
125:
117:
116:
31:
29:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3261:
3250:
3247:
3245:
3242:
3240:
3237:
3235:
3232:
3230:
3227:
3226:
3224:
3213:
3208:
3206:
3201:
3199:
3194:
3193:
3187:
3185:
3181:
3177:
3172:
3169:
3165:
3164:
3156:
3151:
3149:
3144:
3142:
3137:
3136:
3130:
3128:
3124:
3120:
3115:
3112:
3108:
3107:
3103:
3092:
3089:
3087:
3084:
3082:
3079:
3077:
3074:
3072:
3069:
3066:
3065:
3061:
3057:
3056:
3052:
3048:
3045:
3041:
3038:
3037:
3034:
3024:
3020:
3018:
3014:
3013:
3011:
3007:
3001:
2997:
2995:
2991:
2989:
2985:
2983:
2979:
2977:
2973:
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2967:
2966:
2964:
2960:
2954:
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2932:
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2926:
2925:
2923:
2919:
2913:
2909:
2907:
2903:
2899:
2897:
2893:
2891:
2887:
2885:
2881:
2879:
2875:
2873:
2869:
2867:
2863:
2861:
2857:
2855:
2854:Central Kongo
2851:
2849:
2845:
2843:
2839:
2837:
2833:
2831:
2827:
2825:
2821:
2819:
2815:
2814:
2812:
2808:
2805:
2801:
2791:
2787:
2785:
2781:
2779:
2775:
2773:
2769:
2767:
2763:
2761:
2757:
2755:
2751:
2749:
2745:
2744:
2742:
2738:
2732:
2728:
2726:
2722:
2721:
2719:
2715:
2709:
2705:
2703:
2699:
2697:
2693:
2691:
2687:
2685:
2681:
2679:
2675:
2673:
2669:
2667:
2663:
2661:
2657:
2655:
2651:
2649:
2645:
2643:
2639:
2637:
2633:
2631:
2627:
2625:
2621:
2620:
2618:
2614:
2608:
2604:
2602:
2598:
2596:
2592:
2590:
2586:
2584:
2580:
2578:
2574:
2572:
2568:
2566:
2562:
2560:
2556:
2554:
2550:
2548:
2544:
2543:
2541:
2537:
2531:
2527:
2525:
2521:
2519:
2515:
2513:
2509:
2507:
2503:
2502:
2500:
2496:
2490:
2486:
2484:
2480:
2479:
2477:
2473:
2470:
2466:
2456:
2452:
2450:
2446:
2444:
2440:
2438:
2434:
2433:
2431:
2427:
2421:
2417:
2415:
2411:
2409:
2405:
2403:
2399:
2397:
2393:
2392:
2390:
2386:
2380:
2376:
2374:
2370:
2369:
2367:
2363:
2360:
2356:
2346:
2342:
2340:
2336:
2334:
2330:
2328:
2324:
2322:
2318:
2316:
2312:
2310:
2306:
2304:
2300:
2298:
2294:
2292:
2288:
2286:
2282:
2280:
2276:
2274:
2270:
2269:
2267:
2263:
2257:
2253:
2251:
2247:
2245:
2241:
2239:
2235:
2233:
2229:
2227:
2223:
2221:
2217:
2216:
2214:
2210:
2204:
2200:
2198:
2194:
2192:
2188:
2186:
2182:
2180:
2176:
2174:
2170:
2168:
2164:
2162:
2158:
2157:
2155:
2151:
2145:
2141:
2139:
2135:
2133:
2129:
2127:
2123:
2121:
2117:
2115:
2111:
2109:
2105:
2103:
2099:
2097:
2093:
2091:
2087:
2085:
2081:
2079:
2075:
2071:
2069:
2065:
2063:
2059:
2057:
2053:
2051:
2047:
2045:
2041:
2039:
2035:
2033:
2029:
2027:
2023:
2022:
2020:
2016:
2010:
2006:
2004:
2000:
1998:
1994:
1992:
1988:
1986:
1982:
1980:
1976:
1974:
1970:
1968:
1964:
1962:
1958:
1956:
1952:
1950:
1946:
1945:
1943:
1939:
1933:
1929:
1927:
1923:
1921:
1917:
1915:
1911:
1909:
1905:
1903:
1899:
1897:
1893:
1891:
1887:
1885:
1881:
1880:
1878:
1874:
1868:
1864:
1862:
1858:
1856:
1855:Talinga-Bwisi
1852:
1850:
1846:
1844:
1840:
1838:
1834:
1832:
1828:
1826:
1822:
1820:
1816:
1814:
1810:
1808:
1804:
1802:
1798:
1797:
1795:
1791:
1788:
1784:
1779:
1775:
1767:
1762:
1760:
1755:
1753:
1748:
1747:
1744:
1732:
1729:
1727:
1724:
1722:
1719:
1717:
1714:
1712:
1709:
1708:
1706:
1702:
1696:
1693:
1691:
1688:
1686:
1683:
1681:
1678:
1676:
1673:
1671:
1668:
1666:
1663:
1661:
1658:
1656:
1653:
1651:
1648:
1646:
1643:
1641:
1638:
1636:
1633:
1631:
1628:
1626:
1623:
1621:
1618:
1616:
1613:
1611:
1608:
1606:
1603:
1601:
1598:
1596:
1593:
1591:
1588:
1586:
1583:
1581:
1578:
1576:
1573:
1571:
1568:
1566:
1563:
1561:
1558:
1556:
1553:
1551:
1548:
1546:
1543:
1541:
1538:
1536:
1533:
1531:
1528:
1526:
1523:
1521:
1518:
1516:
1513:
1511:
1508:
1506:
1503:
1501:
1498:
1496:
1493:
1492:
1490:
1486:
1480:
1477:
1476:
1474:
1470:
1466:
1459:
1454:
1452:
1447:
1445:
1440:
1439:
1436:
1430:
1427:
1425:
1422:
1420:
1417:
1415:
1412:
1410:
1407:
1406:
1385:
1381:
1375:
1367:
1363:
1356:
1348:
1344:
1337:
1331:
1326:
1317:
1312:
1308:
1307:
1299:
1289:
1281:
1275:
1271:
1267:
1263:
1256:
1250:
1243:
1237:
1231:
1223:
1217:
1216:
1211:
1206:
1202:
1189:
1186:
1185:
1181:
1179:Enu nuala ni
1178:
1177:
1173:
1171:Etu tuala ni
1170:
1169:
1165:
1162:
1161:
1157:
1154:
1153:
1149:
1147:Eme ngala ni
1146:
1145:
1142:
1140:
1136:
1126:
1123:
1122:
1118:
1115:
1114:
1110:
1107:
1106:
1103:He or she is
1102:
1099:
1098:
1094:
1091:
1090:
1086:
1083:
1082:
1079:
1077:
1073:
1063:
1060:
1059:
1055:
1052:
1051:
1047:
1044:
1043:
1039:
1036:
1035:
1031:
1028:
1027:
1023:
1020:
1019:
1015:
1012:
1011:
1001:
998:
992:
987:
984:
978:
973:
970:
969:[bwÉ]
961:
956:
953:
951:
936:
933:
932:
928:
925:
924:
915:
913:
912:vowel harmony
906:Vowel harmony
903:
901:
891:
885:
882:
877:
873:
870:
866:
864:
861:
856:
852:
849:
845:
843:
840:
836:
833:
831:
828:
826:
825:
817:
815:
814:nasal harmony
810:
808:
802:
795:
793:
790:
786:
783:
779:
776:
772:
770:
763:
760:
756:
752:
747:
744:
740:
737:
733:
731:
724:
722:
719:
715:
712:
708:
705:
701:
698:
694:
690:
688:
685:
681:
678:
674:
671:
667:
664:
660:
655:
651:
649:
646:
642:
639:
635:
632:
628:
623:
621:
614:
610:
605:
603:
600:
596:
593:
589:
586:
582:
578:
576:
574:
572:
569:
565:
562:
558:
557:
554:
551:
547:
545:
542:
538:
535:
531:
526:
524:
517:
514:
512:
509:
507:
504:
502:
499:
497:
494:
491:
473:
469:
465:
461:
457:
453:
449:
445:
440:
437:
435:
431:
427:
423:
419:
414:
412:
408:
404:
400:
396:
392:
385:
360:
356:
350:
346:
342:
340:
339:
334:
330:
326:
323:
318:
313:
308:
305:
300:
295:
291:
280:
274:
269:
263:
260:
259:
258:
254:
236:
233:
232:
230:
227:
226:
224:
220:
217:
216:
215:
212:
211:
210:
207:
206:
205:
202:
201:
200:
197:
196:
194:
190:
186:
180:
176:
170:
167:
164:
160:
157:
153:
149:
146:
142:
139:
136:
132:
127:
122:
113:
110:
102:
91:
88:
84:
81:
77:
74:
70:
67:
63:
60: ā
59:
55:
54:Find sources:
48:
44:
38:
37:
32:This article
30:
26:
21:
20:
3244:Angola stubs
3184:expanding it
3173:
3127:expanding it
3116:
3101:
3039:
2934:
2928:
2078:Suba-Simbiti
1704:Non-official
1534:
1388:. Retrieved
1383:
1374:
1365:
1355:
1346:
1336:
1325:
1305:
1298:
1288:
1261:
1255:
1242:
1230:
1213:
1205:
1138:
1134:
1132:
1075:
1071:
1069:
1016:Translation
988:
974:
957:
954:
947:
934:
930:
929:
926:
922:
921:
909:
900:tonal sandhi
897:
811:
803:
801:Allophones:
800:
697:prenasalized
585:prenasalized
430:Cuanza Norte
415:
403:North Mbundu
402:
398:
390:
389:
355:Guthrie code
336:
234:
129:North Mbundu
105:
96:
86:
79:
72:
65:
53:
41:Please help
36:verification
33:
2848:South Kongo
1390:30 November
1187:Ene ala ni
1004:Conjugation
769:Approximant
204:BenueāCongo
193:NigerāCongo
3223:Categories
2884:East Kongo
2607:Mushungulu
1550:Kung-Ekoka
1479:Portuguese
1215:Ethnologue
1197:References
1190:They have
1084:Eme ngala
1040:He or she
1029:Eie / Eye
965:pronounced
935:A E I O U
923:Consonants
486:Consonants
69:newspapers
58:"Kimbundu"
3051:varieties
3042:indicate
1590:Oshiwambo
1182:You have
1158:You have
1139:kukala ni
1127:They are
910:There is
807:fortition
625:voiceless
620:Fricative
481:Phonology
338:Glottolog
322:ISO 639-3
304:ISO 639-2
162:Ethnicity
3023:Hunganna
2988:Mbangala
2929:Kimbundu
2518:Shambala
2402:Nyamwezi
2062:Nguruimi
1813:Nyankore
1640:Mbukushu
1635:Mbangala
1570:Kwanyama
1565:Kwangali
1535:Kimbundu
1210:Kimbundu
1174:We have
1135:kuala ni
1124:Ene ala
1119:You are
1095:You are
501:Alveolar
466:Kimbundu
463:Language
450:Mumbundu
428:and the
391:Kimbundu
345:kimb1241
256:Dialects
235:Kimbundu
124:Kimbundu
99:May 2016
3040:Italics
2896:Hangala
2672:Ngazija
2660:Tumbatu
2589:Vidunda
2437:Nilamba
2279:Gyriama
2126:Simbiti
2060:[JE401
2026:Logooli
2003:Marachi
1995:[JE341
1912:[JE221
1896:Dzindza
1847:[JE101
1772:Narrow
1726:Chinese
1711:English
1670:Nyaneka
1650:Ngambwe
1600:Lingala
1595:Umbundu
1510:Hakaona
1505:Gciriku
1150:I have
1137:; also
1111:We are
1074:; also
516:Glottal
506:Palatal
471:Country
434:Ambundu
426:Malanje
407:Umbundu
209:Bantoid
166:Ambundu
83:scholar
3119:Angola
3000:Soonde
2998:[H321
2935:Mbamba
2912:Suundi
2906:Doondo
2894:[H111
2872:Bwende
2836:Ndingi
2818:Beembe
2803:Zone H
2790:Magoma
2788:[G651
2766:Pangwa
2731:Ndamba
2725:Pogolo
2708:Mwiini
2682:[G402
2678:Njuani
2666:Hadimu
2654:Phemba
2648:Unguja
2599:[G301
2595:Sagala
2571:Ruguru
2559:Zaramo
2553:Ngwele
2547:Zigula
2528:[G221
2524:Bondei
2506:Tubeta
2489:Kaguru
2468:Zone G
2455:Mbugwe
2408:Sumbwa
2396:Sukuma
2373:Tongwe
2358:Zone F
2339:Degere
2333:Segeju
2327:Elwana
2325:[E701
2321:Sagala
2315:Dabida
2297:Duruma
2273:Pokomo
2195:[E531
2179:Saraka
2161:Kikuyu
2142:JE434
2136:JE433
2130:JE432
2124:JE431
2120:Tiriki
2118:JE413
2112:JE412
2106:JE411
2100:JE407
2094:JE406
2088:JE405
2084:Shashi
2082:JE404
2072:JE403
2066:JE402
2044:Zanaki
2007:JE343
2001:JE342
1985:Saamia
1973:Tsotso
1961:Bukusu
1930:JE253
1924:JE252
1918:JE251
1902:Kerebe
1884:Nyambo
1865:JE121
1859:JE103
1853:JE102
1786:Zone E
1731:Romani
1721:Arabic
1716:French
1690:Sekele
1675:Nyengo
1665:Nsongo
1660:Nkumbi
1645:Ndombe
1620:Luyana
1615:Luvale
1610:Luimbi
1605:Lucazi
1585:Ndonga
1580:Mbunda
1555:Kuvale
1525:Ibinda
1515:Herero
1500:Chokwe
1362:"Cota"
1276:
1076:kukala
1037:Muene
931:Vowels
820:Vowels
663:voiced
561:voiced
496:Labial
455:People
447:Person
418:Luanda
411:Angola
399:Mbundu
384:Angola
290:Angola
287:
231:(H.20)
223:Zone H
144:Region
138:Angola
85:
78:
71:
64:
56:
3174:This
3117:This
3017:Mbala
2994:Sinji
2982:Hungu
2980:H33
2953:Songo
2933:H21b
2927:H21a
2910:H131
2902:Kamba
2900:H112
2888:H16h
2882:H16g
2878:Laadi
2876:H16f
2870:H16e
2866:Fiote
2864:H16d
2860:Yombe
2858:H16c
2852:H16b
2846:H16a
2842:Mboka
2830:Kunyi
2778:Wanji
2772:Kinga
2748:Sango
2706:G412
2700:G411
2694:G404
2690:Mwani
2688:G403
2684:Makwe
2676:G44b
2670:G44a
2664:G43c
2658:G43b
2652:G43a
2646:G42d
2642:Mrima
2640:G42c
2636:Mvita
2634:G42b
2628:G42a
2624:Tikuu
2605:G311
2565:Ngulu
2530:Mbugu
2449:Langi
2420:Bungu
2414:Kimbu
2379:Bende
2345:Taita
2337:E732
2331:E731
2319:E74b
2313:E74a
2303:Rabai
2301:E72e
2295:E72d
2291:Conyi
2289:E72c
2285:Kauma
2283:E72b
2277:E72a
2256:Gweno
2238:Rombo
2236:E62c
2232:Wunjo
2230:E62b
2224:E62a
2201:E541
2191:Daiso
2185:Kamba
2144:Sweta
2138:Surwa
2132:Hacha
2114:Isuxa
2108:Idaxo
2096:Singa
2090:Kabwa
2068:Ikizu
2056:Sonjo
2038:Koria
2032:Gusii
2009:Songa
1997:Xaayo
1991:Nyuli
1979:Nyore
1971:E32b
1967:Hanga
1965:E32a
1959:E31c
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