Nortel - Knowledge

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following a comprehensive internal review of these liabilities. The company stated that the restatement's principal effects would be a reduction in previously reported net losses for 2000, 2001, and 2002 and an increase in shareholders' equity and net assets previously reported on its balance sheet. A dozen of the company's most senior executives returned $ 8.6 million of bonuses they were paid based on the erroneous accounting. Investigators ultimately found about $ 3 billion in revenue had been booked improperly in 1998, 1999, and 2000. More than $ 2 billion was moved into later years, about $ 750 million was pushed forward beyond 2003 and about $ 250 million was wiped away completely. The accounting scandal hurt both Nortel's reputation and finances, as Nortel spent an estimated US$ 400 million on outside auditors and management consultants to retrain staff.

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who set up Canada's first telephone factory which produced 2,398 telephones to Bell's specifications by 1881. Bell sent Cowherd to Boston in 1878 to study Williams manufacturing processes for a number of months; Cowherd then returned to Brantford to produce Bell's production telephones, and help develop newer models. Among Cowherd's designs was a transmitter fitted with a triple mouthpiece allowing three people to talk, and sing, simultaneously. Cowherd's untimely early death from tuberculosis was noted in major technical journals and led to the closure of the Bell Systems' manufacturing supplier plant in Brantford. Telephone production later resumed in Montreal, eventually leading to the creation of Northern Electric, later renamed Northern Telecom and then Nortel. A

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the health care and other benefits provided to former Canadian employees. Shortly afterwards, Nortel proposed spending $ 92.3M on retention bonuses for 1,475 employees in its Nortel Business Services and Corporate groups, with $ 2.5 million in incentives going to Christopher Ricaute, president of Nortel Business Services; $ 27 million allocated for Canadian employees; and $ 55 million allocated for U.S. employees. The proposed plan was later extended by an additional $ 27 million. Claiming that the retention bonuses proposal was extraordinary, acting US trustee Roberta DeAngelis objected to the payment of $ 55.6 million to 866 employees. However, court-appointed representatives for Nortel's former employees, who are creditors in the Ontario bankruptcy court, have

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protection, and would seek buyers for all of its business units. After announcing it planned to sell off all of its assets, Nortel shares were delisted from the Toronto Stock Exchange on June 26, 2009 at a price of $ 0.185 per share, down from its high in 2000 when it comprised a third of the S&P/TSX composite index. Mike Zafirovski subsequently resigned in August, and Nortel's board of directors was reorganized with three members instead of nine. Nortel handed out $ 14.2 million in cash compensation to seven executives in 2009. Nortel also paid out $ 1.4 million to 10 former and current directors, and paid $ 140 million to lawyers, pension, human resources and financial experts helping to oversee the company's bankruptcy proceedings.

1732: 562: 372: 2197: 8448: 497: 1575:, a financial analyst, testified before a parliamentary committee that $ 100 million is missing from the HWT and that a $ 37 million loan to the corporation has not been paid back. The HWT was an unregistered trust maintained by Nortel to provide medical, dental, life insurance, long-term disability and survivor income and pension transition benefits. Until 2005 Nortel fully funded the disability insurance in its HWT. However, it is alleged that since then, the HWT Governance Committees and third party 387:, a one-wire telegraphic switchboard for military operations in the field. In 1922, Northern started to produce, for $ 5, the "Peanut" vacuum tube, which required only a single dry-cell battery. The use of alternating current was still under development during this time. The "Northern Electric Peanut tube was the smallest tube made, and drew only one-tenth of an ampere and was the most remarkable radio frequency amplifier ever made." During the 1920s Northern Electric made 348: 40: 10809: 843:. Nortel had an interest payment of $ 107 million due the next day, approximately 4.6% of its cash reserves of approximately $ 2.3 billion. After the announcement, the share price fell more than 79% on the Toronto Stock Exchange. Export Development Canada agreed to provide up to C$ 30 million in short-term financing through its existing credit support facility with Nortel. The Canadian government resisted characterizing its position on Nortel as a bailout. 2211: 768:(CTO). Both Garys were concerned about the overall direction of Nortel, especially when compared to Cisco, their previous employer. Just three months later, Daichendt resigned after both his restructuring plan and his suggestion that Owens and Currie leave the company immediately were rejected by the board of directors. Kunis quit shortly thereafter. At the year's end, directors Lynton "Red" Wilson and John Cleghorn retired from the board. 10819: 1780: 10798: 2183: 10829: 2225: 737: – at the time a member of the board of directors – was appointed interim CEO. Nortel Networks subsequently returned to using the Nortel name for branding purposes only (the official company name was not changed). Nortel acquired PEC Solutions, a provider of information technology and telecommunications services to various government agencies and departments, in June 2005 and renamed it 791:

Nortel for accounting fraud from 2000 to 2003; the fraud was allegedly to close gaps between its true performance, its internal targets and Wall Street expectations. Nortel settled the case, paying $ 35 million, which the Commission distributed to affected shareholders, and reported periodically to the commission on remedial measures to improve its financial accounting.

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came to light too late to stop wrecking crews, who were already tearing down the aged building at 32 Wharfe St... The building, where equipment for Alexander Graham Bell's first telephone was made, had even been pictured and written about in a city-printed brochure about the great inventor. A plaque erected by

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accessed remotely, and entire computers were taken over. Nortel's own specialist did not find any abnormality. In 2008, Shields decided to approach an outside expert, who reported finding sophisticated malware in the company's machines and activities traced to Chinese IP addresses and discussions on a Mandarin

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In January 2014, a pact between the U.S. and European divisions of Nortel was approved by a U.S. court. However, litigation continued. In April 2016, Nortel went back to court for a fresh round of legal arguments in a seven-year-old bankruptcy which cost creditors about $ 2 billion including attorney

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purchased the Carrier VoIP and Application Solutions (CVAS) unit in May 2010, as Nortel accepted its stalking horse bid of $ 282 million, with adjustments that decreased the net sale price to about $ 100 million, without a formal bidding process. Ericsson purchased Nortel's share in its joint venture

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and production of Canadian telephone equipment was transferred to Montreal in 1882 to compensate for the restrictions on importing telephone equipment from the United States. In addition to telephones, four years later, the department started manufacturing switchboards, at first the 50-line Standard

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had a shortfall of $ 37 million in its net assets as of December 31, 2008. The trust supports pensioners' medical, dental and life insurance benefits, as well as income support for some groups such as long-term disability recipients. Also in February, Nortel negotiated a $ 57 million deal to wind up

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Nortel initially hoped to re-emerge from bankruptcy, implementing a retention bonus plan in an effort to retain its top executives during the restructuring period. These bonuses, totaling US$ 45 million, were targeted at 1,000 executive positions. At the end of January 2009, Nortel announced that it

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effective January 1, 2009: Chief Marketing Officer – Lauren Flaherty; Chief Technology Officer – John Roese; Global Services President – Dietmar Wendt; and Executive Vice President Global Sales – Bill Nelson. A net reduction of 1,300 jobs was also announced. As its stock price dropped below $ 1, the

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article later noted of the historic factory building's demise: " City officials and heritage committee members hung their heads in shame in 1992 when it was learned that a building that once housed the first telephone factory in the world had been approved for demolition. The embarrassing oversight

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Alexander Graham Bell had originally asked Boston manufacturer Charles Williams to provide an initial order of 1,000 telephones for use in Canada, but Williams' small shop was only able to produce a fraction of that number. Bell then spoke with a Brantford friend, James Cowherd (1849? – Feb. 1881),

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published a story criticizing treatment pensioners have been receiving from their former employer, Nortel. According to the article, Nortel has asked a federal court to terminate medical coverage, prescription drug coverage, long-term disability, and life insurance of 4,000 retirees and dependents,

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In 2001 Nortel identified knockoff products circulating in the Chinese market, where they did not compete. The management chose not to press the issue. Brian Shields, former chief security officer at Nortel, said his company was compromised in 2004 by China-based hackers; executive credentials were

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of nearly US$ 16 billion in 2001 alone.This had some initial perceived success in turning the company around, with an unexpected return to profitability reported in the first quarter of 2003. The black ink triggered a total of $ 70 million in bonuses to the top 43 managers, with $ 7.8 million going

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As the manufacturing branch expanded, its production ability increased beyond the demand for telephones, and it faced closure for several months a year without manufacturing other products. The Bell Telephone Company of Canada's (later renamed to Bell Canada) charter prohibited the company to build

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At the start of 2010, based on membership in Nortel's benefit plan, there were 1,637 employees working for Nortel Networks and 982 working for Nortel Technology in Canada. In February 2008, Nortel employed approximately 32,550 people worldwide, including 6,800 employees in Canada and 11,900 in the

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and others, by former employees who felt that their 401K company plans were depleted due to misrepresentation by the defendants. They claimed they were duped into investing in Nortel stock, when those who encouraged them to do so allegedly knew that the company was ailing. John Roth left Nortel in

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There is suspicion that industrial espionage and knockoff Asian products brought down Nortel or at least accelerated its demise. An extensive analysis by University of Ottawa professor Jonathan Calof and recollections of former Nortel executive Tim Dempsey have placed the blame mostly on strategic

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Currie stepped down as Executive Vice President and CFO in early 2007. In February 2007, Nortel announced its plans to reduce its workforce by 2,000 employees, and to transfer an additional 1,000 jobs to lower-cost job sites. The Securities and Exchange Commission filed civil fraud charges against

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The construction of a new manufacturing plant started in 1913 at Shearer Street in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, as preparations began for the two manufacturing companies' integration. Then, in January 1914, the Northern Electric and Manufacturing Company and the Imperial Wire and Cable Company merged

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Northern Electric and Manufacturing Company Limited was incorporated on December 7, 1895. The initial stock capital was $ 50,000 at $ 100 per share, with 93% held by the Bell Telephone Company of Canada and the remainder held by seven corporate directors. The first general stockholders meeting was

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Nortel's board of directors resigned and the board disbanded effective October 3, 2012. All remaining executive officers also resigned effective this date. As part of the wind-down process, a court order was issued providing Ernst & Young Inc., the court-appointed monitor in Nortel's creditor

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With the worsening recession and stock market decline deterring potential companies from bidding for Nortel's assets, and many of Nortel's major customers reconsidering their relationships with the restructuring company, in June Nortel announced that it no longer planned to emerge from bankruptcy

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During its reporting of third quarter 2008 results, Nortel announced it would restructure into three vertically-integrated business units: Enterprise, Carrier Networks, and Metro Ethernet Networks. As part of the decentralization of its organization, four executive positions were eliminated,

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to look into the suspicious results, who promptly hired the law firm WilmerHale to vet the financial statements. In late October 2003, Nortel announced that it intended to restate approximately $ 900 million of liabilities carried on its previously reported balance sheet as of June 30, 2003,

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In March 1976, the company name was changed to Northern Telecom Limited, and management announced its intention to concentrate the company's efforts on digital technology. Northern Telecom was the first company in its industry to announce and deliver a complete line of fully digital

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was found dead at the bottom of a staircase in her home in Durham, NC. Nortel had been enduring heavy layoffs during this time, and family members report that Kathleen was worried she may too be laid off at Nortel. This was used by the prosecution as motive for Kathleen's husband,

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he had signed. Nortel agreed to pay $ 11.5 million on his behalf to settle the lawsuit. Nortel also paid out US$ 575 million and 629 million common shares in 2006 to settle a class-action lawsuit that accused the company of misleading investors about the company's health.

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Magneto Switchboard. The small manufacturing department expanded yearly with the growth and popularity of the telephone to 50 employees in 1888. By 1890 it had been transformed into its own branch of operations with 200 employees, and a new factory was under construction.

1878:. Nortel delivered network infrastructure and communication services to customers across Asia in (mainland) China, Hong Kong, Taiwan, South Korea, Japan, Singapore, Thailand, Malaysia, India, Pakistan, Australia, New Zealand, and Turkey (Nortel owned 53.17% of 976:

The last major asset of Nortel, approximately 6,000 patents and patent applications encompassing technologies such as wireless, wireless 4G, data networking, optical, voice, Internet, and semiconductors, was sold for $ 4.5 billion to a consortium including

279:. He later refined its design at Brantford after producing his first working prototype in Boston. Canada's first telephone factory, created by James Cowherd of Brantford, was a three-story brick building that soon started manufacturing telephones for the 926:

purchased the Next Generation Packet Core assets. As insurance against judgments in class action lawsuits filed by former employees, John Roth filed in December 2009 for a US$ 1 billion indemnification from Nortel, joining the list of U.S. creditors.

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to sell its stake in Northern Electric to Bell Canada. AT&T spun off Northern Electric in 1956. Deprived of its Western Electric tie, Northern began developing its own products. In 1953, Northern Electric produced its first television sets using

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million in short-term financing through an existing bonding facility. This money was previously available to Nortel, and no special funding was made available. The Canadian government resisted characterizing its position on Nortel as a bailout.

411:, in the Shearer Street plant, and much of the programming was religious services for the Northern Electric employees and families in the community. In July 1923, CHYC-AM was the first radio station to provide entertainment to the riders of the 1008:

In October 2011, the administrators of Nortel's British subsidiary lost their appeal to overturn a court order requiring them to pay £2.1 billion into Nortel's underfunded pension plan. Nortel's U.S. retirement income plan is now managed by

940: 993:, pending American and Canadian court approval. (Google had placed the initial stalking horse bid of $ 900 million and later upped the bid to $ 1,902,160,540, then $ 2,614,972,128, and eventually $ 3.14159 billion, which are references to 1546:

who termed this EDC support as "corporate welfare at its worst". Mr. Robinson was appalled that Canadians who already lost billions on Nortel on the stock market would be asked for even more money through their taxes to support Nortel.

4414: 460:. Bell Canada acquired 100 percent of Northern Electric in 1964; through public stock offerings starting in 1973, Bell's ownership of Northern Electric and its successors would be reduced, though it continued to have majority control. 258:

and left pensioners, shareholders, and former employees with enormous losses. By 2016, Nortel had sold billions of dollars in assets. Courts in the U.S. and Canada approved a negotiated settlement of bankruptcy proceedings in 2017.

6790: 4592: 360:, commonly known simply as Northern Electric. The new company opened the doors on a new manufacturing plant in January 1915. This facility, located on Shearer Street, was the primary manufacturing centre until the mid-1950s. 5266: 1886:

in 1967). In addition, the company had three joint ventures in the People's Republic of China, including Guangdong Nortel Telecommunications Equipment (GDNT), which operated Nortel's full service R&D centres in China.

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discovered electronic eavesdropping devices. The bugs found were older and non-operational leading Canadian intelligence to draw the conclusion that the former tenant Nortel and not the future tenant MND was the target.

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in the 1930s, Northern Electric was affected, like most other companies. From the beginning of 1930 through the end of 1933, sales dropped from $ 34 million to $ 8.2 million, with employees dropping from 6,100 to 2,400.

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both acquired parts of Nortel, and some employees used old Nortel machines connected to the new companies' networks. Avaya says it has dealt with the issue after Shields informed the new companies of his investigation.

7261: 1626:" transactions starting "no later than September, 2000". The SEC said that at least a year's worth of the alleged misconduct took place while John Roth was still CEO of Nortel, though no charges were laid against him. 3818: 591:

Nortel, distributing its holdings of Nortel to its shareholders. Bell-Northern Research was gradually absorbed into Nortel, as it first acquired a majority share in BNR, and eventually acquired the entire company.

6463: 471:, and in 1969, began work on digitizing telephone communications. Also in 1969, Northern began making inroads into the U.S. market with its switching systems. In 1972, it opened its first factory in the U.S. in 5385:"Nortel Provides Update on Auction Date for the Sale of its GSM/GSM-R Business; Obtains Further Extension of Stay Period Under CCAA; and Obtains Canadian and U.S. Court Approval for Sale of Packet Core Assets" 254:(TSX), employing 94,500 people worldwide. In 2009, Nortel filed for bankruptcy protection in Canada and the United States, triggering a 79% decline in its corporate stock price. The bankruptcy case was the 6497: 8390: 3787: 3593: 4138: 5910: 4615: 1035: 794:

Nortel announced plans in February 2008 to eliminate 2,100 jobs, and to transfer another 1,000 jobs to lower-cost centres. As part of the reductions, Nortel shut down its Calgary campus in 2009.

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President and COO, succeeded Owens as president and CEO on November 15, 2005. Motorola filed a suit against Zafirovski's hiring, alleging that his new position would break the terms of the

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in August 2005, with Nortel owning 51%, to offer telecom and networking solutions in the wireline, optical, wireless and enterprise areas for South Korean and global customers.

6717: 6334: 6017: 5741: 7807: 7268: 4407:"SEC.gov | SEC v. Nortel Networks Corporation, et al., Civil Action No. 07-CV-8851-LAP (S.D.N.Y.) and SEC v. Frank A. Dunn, et al., Civil Action No. 07-CV-2058-LAP (S.D.N.Y.)" 615:

reached its pinnacle late in the year 2000, Nortel was to become one of the most major casualties. Nortel's revenues would be dented by a saturated market and the failure of

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other products. In 1895, the Bell Telephone of Canada spun off its manufacturing arm to build telephones for sale to other companies, as well as other products, such as

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and other communications networks. As a consequence of the stock transaction used to purchase Bay Networks, BCE ceased to be the majority shareholder of Nortel.

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million from the HWT for purposes inconsistent with the terms of the HWT. As of March 1, 2012, Northern Trust continues to act as the paying agent for Canadian

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billion, aiming to become a creditor to the assets of Nortel along with all other Nortel employees, in case the class action lawsuits against him succeeded.

10073: 7294: 6832: 6311: 4865: 4130: 3601: 2461:"Nortel executives continue drawing bonuses years after bankruptcy: Since 2009 bankruptcy, Nortel executives have collected $ 190M US in retention bonuses" 2433: 7327: 7062: 5888: 3421: 756:, was named CFO of Nortel in 2005, having previously served as Northern Telecom's CFO in the 1990s. Gary Daichendt, the former Chief Operating Officer of 9090: 7838: 7817: 5914: 5497:

Hill, Bert (February 12, 2010). "Nortel allots $ 92.3M for top staff; Retention bonuses 'standard procedure' for key workers in bankruptcy proceedings".

4646: 3223: 954:, in June 2010. Ericsson also purchased Nortel's final operating unit, the Multi-Service Switch division, in September 2010 for US$ 65 million. Nortel's 415:, in a parlor car fitted with a radio set to receive the broadcast as it left Montreal and traveled west. Later in the 1920s, Northern created the first 6528: 6327:"Did a Chinese Hack Kill Canada's Greatest Tech Company? Nortel was once a world leader in wireless technology. Then came a hack and the rise of Huawei" 4995: 2373: 1614:

laid charges against former senior financial officials from Nortel including Frank Dunn who was fired from Nortel in 2004. Frank Dunn was promoted from

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gear, began pushing up the company's share price to unheard-of levels despite the company's repeated failure to turn a profit. Under the leadership of

5354: 5302: 4099: 4069: 3953: 3900:"Nortel Networks Announces US$ 750 Million Support Facility with EDC and Details of Special Matters to be Considered at Upcoming Shareholders Meeting" 3114: 1442:, to murder Kathleen due to her 1.3 million-dollar life insurance policy (partly provided by Nortel) and the couple's $ 143,000 in credit card debt. 706:

On April 28, 2004 amidst the accounting scandal, three of Nortel's top lieutenants—Douglas Beatty, CEO Frank Dunn and Michael Gollogly—were fired for

511:, a fully digital central office switch serving as many as 100,000 lines, which was a key contributor to the company's revenue for close to 15 years. 9416: 1921:: Enterprise networking solutions, including circuit and packet based voice, data, security, multimedia messaging and conferencing, and call centres. 7010: 6995: 3154: 275:

conceived the technical aspects of the telephone in July 1874, while residing with his parents at their farm in Tutela Heights, on the outskirts of

8414: 7207: 7093: 6424: 1218: 906:, for $ 900 million, after having placed a stalking horse bid of $ 475 million. In November, Nortel sold its MEN (Metro Ethernet Networks) unit to 718: 6104: 4256: 806:

if its common shares failed to rise above $ 1 per share within 6 months. Rumours continued to persist of Nortel's poor financial health, amid the

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Starting in 1977, Nortel grew rapidly after the introduction of its DMS line of digital central office telephone switches, especially after the

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After Cowherd's death in 1881 which resulted in the closure of his Brantford factory, a mechanical production department was created within the

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398 billion in September 2000 to less than C$ 5 billion in August 2002, as Nortel's stock price plunged from C$ 124 to C$ 0.47. When Nortel's

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Cybersecurity experts have some doubts about a hack of such magnitude as described by Shields, calling it "unlikely". Shields does not think

6906: 5827: 3272:"Mobile telecommunication standardization in Japan, China, the United States, and Europe: a comparison of regulatory and industrial regimes" 2922: 10978: 10781: 10753: 10748: 9773: 9431: 9286: 9082: 8429: 7595: 3530: 3365: 675:

to Dunn alone, $ 3 million to chief financial officer Douglas Beatty, and $ 2 million to controller Michael Gollogly. Independent auditor

9477: 9238: 7445: 7414: 3311: 1933:: Services in four areas: network implementation, network support, network management, and network applications (including web services). 959: 649:(COO), Clarence Chandran, already on sick leave due to complications following his 1997 stabbing in Singapore, decided to quit, however. 5561: 5414: 5243: 3983: 10938: 9522: 9446: 8623: 6643: 3696: 3562: 2279: 721:(SEC) also filed charges against them and four vice-presidents for civil fraud. On December 19, 2014, remaining civil charges from the 6047: 5436: 3177: 2895: 2676: 2515: 670:

Frank Dunn presided over a dramatic restructuring of Nortel, which included laying off two-thirds of its workforce (60,000 staff) and

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Nortel allegedly failed to disclose the problem to potential buyers of its business, a "despicable" omission according to Shields.

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heralding the building's significance had been stripped from the structure in the mid-1980s and given to the Brant County Museum".

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As Nortel, the streamlined identity it adopted for its 100th anniversary in 1995, the company set out to dominate the burgeoning

3873: 3037: 2973: 2836: 611:, sales of optical equipment had been robust in the late 1990s, but the market was soon saturated. When the speculative telecom 542:

was jointly owned 50–50 by Bell Canada and Northern Telecom. The combined three companies were referred to as the tricorporate.

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breakup in 1984. Northern Telecom became a significant supplier in Europe and China and was the first non-Japanese supplier to

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protection proceedings, the ability to exercise any powers which may be properly exercised by a board of directors of Nortel.

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claiming the benefits are costing the company $ 2 million per month. Nortel blamed the company's creditors for this decision.

10958: 10770: 10760: 10740: 10542: 9712: 9441: 9411: 9332: 9098: 8003: 7924: 7745: 7585: 7387: 6936: 2737: 2574: 7511: 7184: 5775: 5718: 5666: 5587: 5388: 5332: 5217: 5199: 5147: 5060: 4973: 4917: 4891: 4804: 4706: 4503: 3903: 3482: 760:, was hired as president and COO, and was expected to succeed Owens as CEO. Shortly afterward, Daichendt appointed ex-Cisco 9472: 9327: 9193: 8297: 4160: 1457:

million in claims to pay for environmental damage at various sites, including Belleville, Brockville, Kingston and London.

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In December 1899, The Bell Telephone Company of Canada bought a cabling company for $ 500,000; a Canadian charter named it

9907: 6590: 6254: 6025: 4376: 327:. Northern Electric and Manufacturing further expanded its product line in 1900, manufacturing the first Canadian wind-up 10832: 10765: 10611: 6853: 4770: 3338: 5121: 4218: 4191: 10537: 9617: 9502: 8125: 7714: 6612: 6167: 5797: 3840: 1587:

duties to protect Nortel's disabled employees and survivors of deceased employees by allowing Nortel to misdirect over

1169: 1005:.) Bankruptcy filings state that Nortel owed former Canadian engineers $ 285,000 for patent awards that were not paid. 902:

won an auction for Nortel's Enterprise Solutions business, including Nortel's stake in Nortel Government Solutions and

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had made offers, and Ericsson emerged as the victor in the following auction, with a purchase price of $ 1.13 billion.

3623: 10908: 10631: 9512: 9497: 9421: 7598:, Brantford, ON: Brant Historical Society, Hurley Printing, 1920. Retrieved from Brantford.Library.on.ca May 4, 2012. 7566: 7543: 7527: 5090: 4711: 4477: 4346: 3661: 3187: 3020: 2953: 2816: 2653: 1415: 550: 515: 496: 8444: 3504: 1622:

in November 2001. According to the SEC, Dunn and three other financial officers began to fudge revenue by misusing "

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Nortel expanded into the U.S. in 1971. The company eventually had employees in over 100 locations in the U.S. with

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and left 60,000 Nortel employees unemployed. Roth was criticized after it was revealed that he cashed in his own

7301: 4857: 4583:"Did Huawei bring down Nortel? Corporate espionage, theft, and the parallel rise and fall of two telecom giants" 1483:. Shields had tried to escalate the issue within the company, but senior staff members did not take any action. 1020:

fees. Courts in the U.S. and Canada approved a negotiated settlement among competing creditors in January 2017.

934:, the court-appointed monitor of Nortel's Canadian bankruptcy proceedings, reported that the assets of Nortel's 622:

At its height, Nortel accounted for more than a third of the total valuation of all the companies listed on the

10883: 10522: 9735: 9612: 9347: 9342: 9053: 8616: 7334: 7070: 3413: 1108: 863:. Nortel had acquired the application switch product line in October 2000 when it purchased Alteon WebSystems. 840: 519: 6520: 5475: 4654: 3215: 10547: 9517: 9451: 9352: 9153: 8601: 7786: 7641: 6134: 2377: 2344: 1682: 1611: 1543: 1538:

published an article criticising the Canadian Federal government for propping up "mega-loser Nortel" through

1491: 883: 722: 711: 696: 962:(PWGSC) in October 2010 for a cash purchase price of CDN$ 208 million, to serve as the new home of Canada's 250:

At its height, Nortel accounted for more than a third of the total valuation of all companies listed on the

10918: 10873: 10822: 10583: 10480: 10023: 9818: 9790: 9436: 9248: 8883: 7771: 7361:"Nortel Announces Expanded Powers of Monitor under CCAA; Boards of Directors and Executive Officers Resign" 5362: 5306: 1195: 998: 3688: 1487:, one of Nortel's top executives at the time, was skeptical, citing Shields' reputation for exaggeration. 10812: 10319: 9759: 8899: 7944: 7014: 6396: 3653: 3144: 2302: 738: 626:(TSX), employing 94,500 worldwide, with 25,900 in Canada alone. Nortel's market capitalization fell from 7211: 6432: 10671: 10593: 10532: 10239: 9222: 8706: 8348: 7618: 7596:

History of the County of Brant: Illustrated With Fifty Half-Tones Taken From Miniatures And Photographs

4248: 483: 7128: 4447: 247:, producing large volumes of telecommunications equipment based on licensed Western Electric designs. 10443: 10404: 10249: 10149: 10078: 10011: 9838: 9632: 9542: 9210: 9183: 8826: 8802: 8609: 8567: 7996: 7949: 7919: 7904: 7812: 7694: 6769: 3443: 2891: 1539: 1287: 1099: 1069: 692: 412: 205: 6883: 4684: 4323: 3811:"Nortel trial: Letters show Nortel execs knew they were getting bonuses fraudulently, Crown alleges" 476: 10802: 10044: 9979: 9932: 9892: 9627: 9382: 9258: 9146: 8765: 8662: 7238: 3718: 2312: 2188: 1860: 1788: 1702: 1678: 1333: 1140: 1029: 935: 887: 783: 765: 8219: 5857: 5240:"Nortel Selects Ciena as Successful Bidder for Optical Networking and Carrier Ethernet Businesses" 855:. Nortel subsequently sold its Layer 4–7 application delivery business to Israeli technology firm 584:

In 1999, Nortel outsourced several of its manufacturing operations to North American contractors.

10641: 10626: 10470: 10421: 10344: 10244: 9922: 9808: 9803: 9337: 9205: 8562: 5831: 3245: 2918: 2284: 2259: 2161: 2149: 2050: 2039: 1864: 1648: 1615: 1161: 799: 734: 707: 691:

To improve its liquidity, in 2003 Nortel arranged a US$ 750 million credit support facility with

650: 646: 608: 604: 531: 7623: 6198: 463:

In 1966, the Northern Electric research lab, Northern Electric Laboratories (the predecessor to

10563: 10349: 10164: 10109: 10104: 9917: 9882: 9357: 9016: 8724: 7724: 6305: 4939: 4801:"Nortel Refines Focus of Carrier Business: Ends Joint Agreement with Alvarion for Mobile WiMAX" 4277: 3928:

McKibbon, Sean (February 16, 2003). "Bailout Billion; Taxpayers to prop up mega-loser Nortel".

3388: 2264: 2125: 1852: 1635: 1439: 1434: 1113: 875: 803: 623: 539: 464: 251: 65: 7449: 5411:"Nortel Completes Sale of Assets of Next Generation Packet Core Network Components to Hitachi" 4914:"Nortel to Divest Layer 4–7 Data Portfolio: Enters into Asset Purchase Agreement with Radware" 3975: 3315: 407:. In January 1923, Northern Electric started to operate an AM radio station with call letters 10465: 10269: 10234: 10154: 10134: 10056: 9944: 9865: 9707: 9654: 9607: 8309: 7971: 2113: 2095: 2014: 1998: 1952: 1760: 1756: 1698: 761: 361: 272: 9798: 3216:"Yesterday we were Northern Electric. Today we're Northern Telecom. Is this good for Canada" 827:

On January 14, 2009, Nortel filed for protection from creditors, in the United States under

311:. This company was incorporated as the Northern Electric and Manufacturing Company Limited. 10878: 10379: 10339: 10309: 10066: 10001: 9823: 9730: 8258: 8224: 7989: 7664: 6051: 2887: 2789: 2680: 2131: 2107: 2029: 1927:: Optical and metropolitan area networking solutions, for carrier and enterprise customers. 1804: 1792: 1701:, who provided legal services to Nortel while sitting on its board, and Nortel's auditors, 1322: 1180: 879: 807: 753: 676: 561: 507:

telecommunications products. The product line was branded "Digital World" and included the

212: 84: 1571:

There have been reports of financial irregularities at Nortel's Health and Welfare Trust.

8: 10389: 10329: 10088: 10050: 9848: 9833: 9690: 9622: 9106: 8875: 8781: 8633: 8547: 8491: 8379: 7909: 7706: 5614: 2714: 2297: 2239: 2101: 2009: 1844: 1697:) complained about non-arms-length relationships with service providers such as director 1149: 970: 839:. Nortel was the first major technology company to seek bankruptcy protection during the 836: 600: 566: 444: 384: 365: 169: 7479: 7040: 6740: 5991: 4739: 10616: 10573: 10504: 10374: 10304: 10279: 10214: 10061: 9782: 9672: 9648: 9306: 9279: 9116: 8808: 8526: 8496: 8476: 8407:

An additional 9.5% interest is held by the BCE Master Trust Fund (Bell's pension plan).

8363: 8338: 8303: 8264: 8023: 7690: 7519: 6826: 6551: 5715:"Nortel Announces Ericsson as Successful Acquirer of Its Multi Service Switch Business" 3535: 3084: 2167: 1731: 1466: 1245: 1095: 1041: 994: 986: 860: 771: 631: 588: 208: 79: 5144:"Nortel Selects Ericsson as Successful Bidder For CDMA Business and LTE Access Assets" 3339:"Canada and the Birth of the Digital World: The Contributions of R. Charles Terreault" 2592:"Soldiers and Warriors: The Early Volunteer Militia of Brant County, 1856–1866, p. 80" 482:

Northern Telecom was, with Bell-Northern Research, in the early 1970s a part owner of

10656: 10578: 10492: 10475: 10438: 10284: 10114: 10083: 9949: 9843: 9717: 8842: 8252: 8185: 8037: 7934: 7698: 7581: 7562: 7555: 7539: 7523: 5772:"Nortel To Sell Ottawa Carling Campus To Public Works and Government Services Canada" 5558:"Nortel Completes Sale of Carrier VoIP and Application Solutions Business to GENBAND" 4555: 3877: 3293: 3183: 3076: 3041: 3016: 2977: 2949: 2840: 2812: 2733: 2649: 2570: 1982: 1856: 1517:

was directly involved, but industry insiders, including him, believe that Huawei and

1212: 1053: 1049: 907: 700: 332: 10324: 3013:

100 Years of Telephone Switching: Manual and Electromechanical Switching, 1878-1960s

371: 10661: 10621: 10601: 10568: 10497: 10455: 10369: 10224: 10209: 10184: 10159: 10119: 9969: 9828: 9813: 9111: 8552: 8353: 8343: 8052: 7781: 3380: 3283: 2230: 2055: 1739:

During Nortel's dissolution the headquarters was relocated to 5945 Airport Road in

1475:

was discovered in the act of hacking into the Melbourne master terminal of Nortel.

1185: 1176: 1061: 1045: 931: 775: 453: 448: 427: 240: 7391: 10853: 10289: 10144: 9912: 9887: 9875: 9666: 9169: 9074: 8966: 8739: 8531: 8521: 8358: 8042: 7776: 7729: 7719: 7657: 7630: 7515: 7506: 6794: 6776: 5512:

Hill, Bert (February 24, 2010). "Retention plan gives Nortel added flexibility".

5303:"Nortel Selects Ericsson and Kapsch as Successful Bidders for GSM/GSM-R Business" 5057:"Nortel Announces Board of Directors, Management Team and Organizational Changes" 4778: 3474: 2709: 2645: 2547: 2072: 1974: 1694: 1484: 1157: 1132: 1128: 891: 627: 404: 380: 5717:(Press release). Nortel Networks Corporation. September 25, 2010. Archived from 5331:(Press release). Nortel Networks Corporation. September 30, 2009. Archived from 5198:(Press release). Nortel Networks Corporation. September 14, 2009. Archived from 3366:"The Regulation of Vertical Relationships in the US Telecommunications Industry" 671: 599:, hoping that Nortel would reap increasingly lucrative profits from the sale of 10487: 10359: 10334: 10294: 10264: 10139: 9974: 9927: 9902: 9860: 9581: 9527: 9311: 8246: 8072: 6651: 5586:(Press release). Nortel Networks Corporation. December 23, 2009. Archived from 5305:(Press release). Nortel Networks Corporation. November 25, 2009. Archived from 5242:(Press release). Nortel Networks Corporation. November 23, 2009. Archived from 3902:(Press release). Nortel Networks Corporation. February 14, 2003. Archived from 2216: 2034: 1965: 1836: 1820: 1580: 1572: 1566: 1480: 1472: 1264: 1120: 955: 742: 612: 420: 164: 50: 8631: 6050:. Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation: A US Government Agency. Archived from 5774:(Press release). Nortel Networks Corporation. October 19, 2010. Archived from 5387:(Press release). Nortel Networks Corporation. October 28, 2009. Archived from 3342: 3288: 3271: 2489: 910:

for US$ 530 million in cash and US$ 239 million in convertible notes, and its

10847: 10636: 10409: 10399: 10314: 10204: 10199: 10189: 10174: 9996: 9855: 9296: 9291: 9274: 8907: 8174: 8107: 8062: 6075:"U.S. Court Approves Claims Settlement Between Nortel's U.S., European Units" 5196:"Nortel selects Avaya as successful bidder for Enterprise Solutions Business" 5059:(Press release). Nortel Networks Corporation. August 10, 2009. Archived from 4587: 3297: 3080: 2434:"The fate of once-mighty Nortel's last billions lies in the hands of two men" 2269: 2202: 2066: 1988: 1875: 1816: 1647:

In the middle of the decade several class-action lawsuits were filed against

1623: 1199: 757: 746: 714:. The trial began on January 16, 2012, ending with acquittals for all three. 684: 680: 546: 468: 347: 58: 7578:

The Invisible Empire: A History of the Telecommunications Industry in Canada

5171:"Ericsson prevails in fight for Nortel's wireless business with $ 1.13B bid" 27:

Canadian multinational telecommunications equipment manufacturer (1895–2013)

10514: 10354: 10299: 10229: 10194: 10129: 10028: 10018: 9870: 8391:

Society of Composers, Authors and Music Publishers of Canada v. Bell Canada

8240: 8190: 8155: 8077: 8067: 8057: 5665:(Press release). Nortel Networks Corporation. June 29, 2010. Archived from 5216:(Press release). Nortel Networks Corporation. July 20, 2009. Archived from 4131:"Nortel allegations finally fade away, with no apologies and no blame laid" 3384: 2249: 1896:

United States. Nortel operations were divided into the following segments:

1883: 1535: 1073: 1057: 639: 635: 574: 6199:"HBO's 'The Staircase': Who was Kathleen Peterson and where did she work?" 5560:(Press release). Nortel Networks Corporation. May 28, 2010. Archived from 530:

In 1983, due to deregulation, Bell Canada Enterprises (later shortened to

10714: 10364: 10274: 10259: 10219: 10179: 10038: 9660: 9301: 9045: 8695: 8557: 8333: 8214: 8200: 8195: 8143: 8137: 8119: 8101: 8095: 8031: 8020: 4195: 3149: 3115:"Overview & Background on Electronic & Digital Switching Systems" 2614: 2244: 2152:, President, CEO and chairman of the Board of Nortel Networks (1997–2001) 2020: 1768: 1740: 1690: 1686: 1371: 951: 903: 596: 535: 308: 291: 280: 244: 236: 179: 173: 3088: 3064: 10719: 10426: 10124: 10033: 9989: 9959: 9937: 8516: 8292: 8287: 6168:"Former Nortel workers look to Liberals to restore disability benefits" 6135:"Nortel cleared to end bankruptcy, distribute $ 7 billion to creditors" 5692: 5640: 2155: 2140: 1993: 1796: 1077: 978: 890:

assets for $ 650 million. By the July 21 deadline for additional bids,

654: 475:. In the late 1960s and early 1970s, Northern began shipping its first 416: 328: 304: 300: 39: 4446:. Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. February 27, 2008. Archived from 4100:"Nortel verdict: Frank Dunn, two other executives not guilty of fraud" 1870:

Nortel had a significant presence in Europe, Middle East, Africa, the

969:

Nortel's 53.13% stake in Turkish company Nortel Netaş was acquired by

10704: 10169: 9984: 9751: 8995: 8945: 8786: 8729: 8714: 8501: 8481: 8206: 8047: 6907:"Ex-Nortel CEO John Roth says he's cleared – The Globe and Mail" 6456:"Nortel turned to RCMP about cyber hacking in 2004, ex-employee says" 4888:"Nortel Completes Divestiture of Certain L4-7 Data Assets to Radware" 2254: 1871: 1840: 1743:. Previous locations of its head offices included 60 Moodie Drive in 1584: 1065: 982: 752:

Peter W. Currie, previously the Chief Financial Officer (CFO) of the

440: 276: 232: 231:

in 1895 as the Northern Electric and Manufacturing Company. Until an

5798:"DND employees to begin moving into former Nortel campus in January" 1036:

List of Microsoft–Nortel Innovative Communications Alliance products

10699: 10689: 10606: 10431: 10254: 9576: 8974: 8953: 8932: 8920: 8486: 8471: 8270: 8179: 8113: 8012: 7183:(Press release). Nortel Networks. December 20, 2005. Archived from 5801: 4916:(Press release). Nortel Networks. February 19, 2009. Archived from 4502:(Press release). Nortel Networks. November 10, 2008. Archived from 1828: 1812: 1808: 1779: 1752: 1143:(DMS and SL-100 families) large-scale digital carrier phone switch 1124: 915: 895: 852: 779: 616: 578: 472: 224: 184: 106: 9138: 6813:. December 9, 2010. Archived from the original on October 22, 2012 6255:"Nortel's toxic legacy: Cleaning up former sites to cost millions" 5938:"Bid for Nortel patents marks Google's new push into mobile world" 4803:(Press release). Nortel Networks. January 29, 2009. Archived from 4291:(Press release). Nortel Networks. October 17, 2005. Archived from 2809:

Telecommunications in Canada: technology, industry, and government

2514:(Press release). Nortel Networks. October 30, 2012. Archived from 1915:, and carrier networking solutions, both circuit and packet based. 1498:

official said the agency approached the company but was rebuffed.

10694: 10679: 9897: 9066: 9037: 9029: 8749: 8744: 8719: 8396: 8314: 7954: 7766: 6644:"Will allegations against Huawei forever change Nortel's legacy?" 6139: 5505: 4476:. Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. May 27, 2008. Archived from 1848: 1800: 1764: 1713:

In 2013 workers preparing the former Nortel headquarters for the

1576: 1506: 1052:. It served both general businesses and communications carriers ( 946: 923: 856: 508: 489: 408: 392: 220: 152: 7611: 6358:"Why our lack of understanding on China may be the biggest risk" 6105:"Nortel Bankruptcy Fight Resumes with $ 2 Billion Spent on Fees" 5983: 5584:"Nortel to Sell Carrier VoIP and Application Solutions Business" 5290:: $ 769 million deal to triple Maryland tech firm's market share 5083:"Bankrupt Telecom Company Doled Out $ 8.6M in Bonuses Last Year" 4890:(Press release). Nortel Networks. March 31, 2009. Archived from 4015:. CanWest MediaWorks Publications. June 20, 2008. Archived from 2946:

The Mystic Triangle: A Modern Magazine of Rosicrucian Philosophy

486:, a semiconductor manufacturer based in Nepean, outside Ottawa. 10724: 10684: 10006: 9561:

List of banks acquired or bankrupted during the Great Recession

8506: 8447: 8149: 7929: 7761: 7624:

Northern Electric – A Brief History (from Bell System Memorial)

5146:(Press release). Nortel Networks. July 25, 2009. Archived from 4972:(Press release). Nortel Networks. June 19, 2009. Archived from 1832: 1744: 1514: 919: 388: 228: 216: 148: 110: 5528:"Nortel's Proposed Incentive Payments Opposed by U.S. Trustee" 5413:. Nortel Networks Corporation. August 10, 2009. Archived from 3949:

Analysis: Nortel case spotlights Canada corporate crime record

3841:"Nortel execs were getting bonuses fraudulently: Crown |" 2492:(Press release). Nortel Networks Corporation. January 14, 2009 973:(OEP) and Rhea Investments for $ 68 million in December 2010. 314: 10709: 10646: 9954: 8987: 8891: 8734: 8511: 7959: 7181:"Nortel Selects Toronto Location for New Global Headquarters" 6847:"Systemic Failure of Employer Sponsored Disability Insurance" 6521:"Hackers roamed Nortel's network for years without detection" 5691:(Press release). Ericsson. September 25, 2010. Archived from 4500:"Nortel Reports Financial Results for the Third Quarter 2008" 2308:

Nortel Retirees and former employees Protection Canada (NRPC)

2292: 1851:. In the United States, Nortel's major R&D sites were in 1824: 1502: 1280: 899: 848: 400: 396: 335:. In 1911 the Wire and Cable Company changed its name to the 9396: 7536:

The Bubble and the Bear: How Nortel Burst the Canadian Dream

6009: 5742:"Ericsson beats Ottawa bidders for last big Nortel division" 5049: 3563:"Nortel extends multi-billion dollar contract with WorldCom" 2512:"Nortel Obtains Further Extension of Stay Period Under CCAA" 1774: 1567:

Illegal breach of trust in Nortel's Health and Welfare Trust

1258:

Secure Router 1000 Systems; SR1004, SR1002, SR1001S, SR1001

10651: 8131: 7981: 7122: 6807:"Senate kills bill that would help disabled Nortel workers" 6392:"How Chinese hacking felled telecommunication giant Nortel" 4189: 3780:"No business reason to release Nortel reserves, court told" 3038:"Corporate information: Nortel History – 1950 to 1959" 2974:"Corporate information: Nortel History – 1920 to 1929" 2867: 2837:"Corporate information: Nortel History – 1900 to 1919" 2758: 1946: 1912: 1904: 1300:

Secure Router 8000 Systems; SR8002, SR8004, SR8008, SR8012

1010: 990: 5828:"One Equity continues pursuit of liquidated Nortel assets" 5663:"Nortel Completes Sale of Shares in LG-Nortel to Ericsson" 4762: 4070:"Three former Nortel executives found not guilty of fraud" 3531:"WorldCom's Audacious Failure and Its Toll on an Industry" 3341:. Canada's Telecommunications Hall of Fame. Archived from 3065:"At&t Divestiture & the Telecommunications Market" 2275:

Canadian Industrial Research and Development Organizations

1152:(formerly Passport); MSS20000, MSS15000, MSS7400, MSS6400 235:

settlement in 1949, Northern Electric was owned mostly by

9427:

Dodd–Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act

7649: 7253: 6710:"Did a Chinese Hack Kill Canada's Greatest Tech Company?" 3646: 2967: 2965: 2830: 2828: 2670: 2668: 2666: 2664: 2662: 2648:, Thornhill, ON: IEEE, Canadian Region, 1985, p. 4, 2432:

Hasselback, Drew; Tedesco, Theresa (September 27, 2014).

2110:, President of the Northern Electric Company (1948 –1964) 1882:, originally established as a joint venture with Turkish 1619: 1518: 911: 645:

CEO John Roth retired in 2001. His planned successor and

634:, it took with it a wide swath of Canadian investors and 457: 7415:"Investors Are Taking Long, Hard Look at Nortel's Board" 7328:"United States SEC filing, 2007 First Quarter Form 10-Q" 7295:"Former Nortel exec seeks $ 1B protection from lawsuits" 7069:. Infosecurity Magazine. October 3, 2013. Archived from 7037:"Shareholders Blast Nortel – Telecom News Analysis" 6988:"Former Nortel exec seeks $ 1B protection from lawsuits" 6552:"Report: Nortel Breached by Hackers for Almost 10 Years" 5639:(Press release). Ericsson. June 30, 2010. Archived from 5490: 2116:, President of the Northern Electric Company (1967–1971) 2104:, President of the Northern Electric Company (1919–1948) 2098:, President of the Northern Electric Company (1914–1919) 1843:. In Canada, Nortel also had R&D sites in Montreal, 1831:. Nortel's full-service R&D centres were located in 1705:, who were paid $ 15 million for non-auditing services. 10944:

Companies formerly listed on the Toronto Stock Exchange

5961:"Dealtalk: Google bid "pi" for Nortel patents and lost" 5929: 5689:"Acquisition of Nortel's Multi-Service Switch business" 5329:"Nortel Announces Plans to Sell its GSM/GSM-R Business" 5162: 4289:"Nortel Announces Mike Zafirovski as President and CEO" 3868: 3866: 2992: 2855: 2770: 2746: 1002: 859:

for $ 18 million, after Radware had initially placed a

657:

was eventually chosen as Roth's permanent replacement.

10949:

Companies that filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy in 2009

9538:

National fiscal policy response to the Great Recession

7262:"Supplement to the Thirty-Ninth Report of the Monitor" 7199: 6679:"Former Nortel exec warns against working with Huawei" 6490:"Chinese Hackers Suspected In Long-Term Nortel Breach" 6483: 6481: 5881:"Apple, RIM in group buying Nortel patents for $ 4.5B" 5637:"Acquisition of Nortel's stake of LG-Nortel completed" 4906: 4062: 3029: 2962: 2825: 2659: 1542:(EDC). The article interviewed Walter Robinson of the 1490:

Nortel sought for but failed to receive help from the

1409: 810:, and its bids for government funds were turned down. 9038:

R.H. Donnelley Publishing and Advertising of Illinois

7208:"Nortel's Major Research & Development Locations" 5443:. Canadian Broadcast Corporation. December 17, 2009. 5377: 4434: 4432: 3680: 3414:"Nortel to sell several manufacturing plants to CEMs" 2730:

A History of Canadian Accounting Thought and Practice

2490:"Nortel Obtains Court Orders for Creditor Protection" 1261:

Visualization Performance & Fault Manager (VPFM)

642:

for a personal gain of C$ 135 million in 2000 alone.

434: 7116: 6788:

Superior Court of Justice – Ontario Endorsement

6447: 5027:"Nortel: Cautionary tale of a former Canadian titan" 4638: 4192:"Corporate Information: Nortel Government Solutions" 3863: 2400:"Intel gets antitrust approval for Nortel asset buy" 2178: 1119:

Baystack and ERS (Ethernet Routing Switch), managed

375:

An audio amplifier manufactured by Northern Electric

10964:

Telecommunications companies disestablished in 2013

7352: 6741:"Update 2-Canada government pledges to help Nortel" 6478: 5550: 5025:Tedesco, Theresa; Sturgeon, Jamie (June 27, 2009). 4793: 4616:"Nortel files for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection" 4003: 4001: 3923: 3921: 3015:(2, illustrated ed.). IOS Press. p. 282. 2788: 2044:

Harry Jonathan Pearce, former chairman of the board

1190:Nortel Secure Network Access (switch and software) 733:After Dunn's firing, retired United States Admiral 10954:Companies that have filed for bankruptcy in Canada 9657:(Europe, Middle East and North Africa, Asia; 2009) 7554: 5903: 5459: 5188: 4607: 4462: 4429: 3874:"Accounting scandal another nail in Nortel coffin" 3304: 3175: 2170:, President and CEO of Nortel Networks (2005–2009) 2164:, President and CEO of Nortel Networks (2004–2005) 2158:, President and CEO of Nortel Networks (2001–2004) 1433:In 2001 Nortel's director of information services 1236:SP-1 analog stored program control carrier switch 7508:Bell: Alexander Bell and the Conquest of Solitude 7259: 6880:"Nortel Networks Corporation – Developments" 6583:"Nortel hacked for a decade, according to report" 6512: 5952: 5733: 5602: 5520: 5206: 4707:"Nortel Networks files for bankruptcy protection" 4647:"Nortel bankruptcy filings are last-ditch effort" 3967: 3594:"The good, the bad and the ugly: Nortel Networks" 3269: 2431: 1629: 950:with LG Electronics for US$ 242 million, forming 10924:Telecommunications companies established in 1895 10845: 9465: 6831:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown ( 6310:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown ( 5913:. Associated Press. July 1, 2011. Archived from 5872: 5075: 4574: 4377:"Nortel cutting another 2,900 jobs; stock jumps" 4249:"Long-Term Potential In LG-Nortel Joint Venture" 4031: 3998: 3918: 3363: 2782: 2622: 719:United States Securities and Exchange Commission 7325: 7292: 7232: 7205: 6048:"Nortel Networks, a PBGC trusteed pension plan" 5911:"Nortel sells patents to consortium for $ 4.5B" 5681: 5437:"John Roth seeks $ 1B protection from lawsuits" 5429: 5024: 4964: 4962: 4960: 4880: 4492: 4219:"Nortel to Buy PEC Solutions For $ 448 Million" 3941: 3939: 3035: 2971: 2834: 2674: 1418:reported that lawyers and accountants received 829:Chapter 11 of the United States Bankruptcy Code 479:, one of the earliest such systems to be sold. 10929:Manufacturing companies disestablished in 2013 10859:Defunct telecommunications companies of Canada 9508:American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 9373:Office of Federal Housing Enterprise Oversight 8864: 6283: 5958: 5629: 5321: 5214:"Nortel To Sell Enterprise Solutions Business" 4677:"Canada's Nortel to sell itself off in pieces" 4037: 3270:van de Kaa, G.; Greeven, M. J. (May 1, 2017). 2885: 2427: 2425: 1735:Nortel's former head office at 60 Moodie Drive 943:to not oppose any employee incentive program. 9767: 9154: 8617: 8430: 7997: 7839:Visualization Performance & Fault Manager 7665: 7127:. Nortel Networks Corporation. Archived from 6707: 6324: 4850: 4731: 4281: 4194:. Nortel Government Solutions. Archived from 3976:"3 Ex-Nortel Executives Are Accused of Fraud" 3176:Novakowski, Nickolas; Tremblay, Rémy (2007). 3145:"Ottawa Citizen – Google News Archive Search" 1795:, and sales centres in many states including 1601: 814:mistakes and poor management at the company. 467:), started looking into the possibilities of 9432:Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008 7413:Belson, Ken; Simon, Bernard (May 13, 2004). 7379: 6292:. Archived from the original on May 27, 2012 5854:"Nortel Networks (Netas) Acquisition by OEP" 5611:"Genband Bids $ 282M for Nortel's VoIP Unit" 5576: 5267:"Ciena buys Nortel unit to expand footprint" 5136: 5114:"Moment of truth for Nortel's wireless unit" 5105: 5018: 4996:"It's official: Nortel shares are worthless" 4957: 4347:"Peter Currie to Step Down as CFO of Nortel" 4316:"Motorola, Nortel settle Zafirovski dispute" 4009:"Top former Nortel execs charged with fraud" 3936: 3222:. March 1, 1976. p. 3 (advertisement). 2811:. University of Toronto Press. p. 177. 2504: 2484: 2482: 1404: 1202:PBX Systems; CS2100, CS2000, CS1500, CS1000 822: 710:. They were later charged with fraud by the 660: 368:was the vice-president and general manager. 342: 10782:Global telecommunications regulation bodies 7412: 7385: 7358: 6613:"Nortel collapse linked to Chinese hackers" 6416: 6018:"Lehman, Nortel lose $ 3.5B pension appeal" 5707: 5295: 5232: 4819: 4699: 3952:, Toronto, Ontario: Reuters, archived from 3364:Oliver, Richard; Scheffinan, David (1995). 3010: 2796:. Vol. 29. C. H. Parmelee. p. 34. 2609:Field, F.A. "The First Telephone Factory", 2422: 2128:, President of Northern Telecom (1974–1982) 1903:: Mobility networking solutions, including 960:Public Works and Government Services Canada 315:Northern Electric and Manufacturing Company 10818: 9774: 9760: 9569: 9523:Fraud Enforcement and Recovery Act of 2009 9447:Term Asset-Backed Securities Loan Facility 9161: 9147: 8634:American Telephone & Telegraph Company 8624: 8610: 8437: 8423: 8004: 7990: 7672: 7658: 6549: 6225:"Prosecutors: Money Was Motive in Killing" 6196: 5992:"In patent wars, the casualty is progress" 5830:. privateequityconnect.com. Archived from 5655: 5608: 4740:"Canada government pledges to help Nortel" 4622:. International Data Group. Archived from 4307: 3749:"How Dunn's misplaced optimism snowballed" 3312:"Northern Electric – A Brief History" 3011:Chapuis, Robert J.; Joel, Amos E. (2003). 2539: 699:denounced the line of credit, calling it " 665: 495: 38: 10969:Canadian companies disestablished in 2013 10894:Networking companies of the United States 10864:Defunct manufacturing companies of Canada 9703:Effects of the Great Recession on museums 9533:Housing and Economic Recovery Act of 2008 9417:China–Japan–South Korea trilateral summit 9091:Northern New England Telephone Operations 7552: 7173: 6580: 6385: 6383: 4988: 4580: 4526:"Nortel gets delisting warning from NYSE" 3777: 3624:"New board 'is an improvement by a mile'" 3472: 3287: 3179:Perspectives on Ottawa's High-tech Sector 2916: 2617:, January 1931. Retrieved April 22, 2012. 2479: 1775:Global worksites, partners, and customers 1428: 774:, who had served as president and CEO of 9397:Government policy and spending responses 9363:Government National Mortgage Association 7746:Optical Multiservice Edge 6500 (OME6500) 7575: 7091: 6958: 6581:Stechyson, Natalie (February 15, 2012). 6364:. IOG Communications inc. Archived from 6355: 6072: 5264: 4313: 4040:"Nortel criminal trial to begin Jan. 16" 3927: 3892: 3062: 2998: 2873: 2861: 2776: 2764: 2752: 2637:Prevey, W. Harry (ed.); Collins, Larry. 2566:Alexander Graham Bell: An Inventive Life 1947:Former members of the board of directors 1778: 1730: 1721: 1672: 1450:After bankruptcy, Nortel's estate faced 1116:, digital sets for Meridian and Norstar 560: 556: 370: 346: 9457:2008 United Kingdom bank rescue package 7711:Virtual Service Platform 9000 (VSP9000) 7619:Nortel Networks Inc., the US subsidiary 7260:Ernst & Young (February 23, 2010). 7125:"Nortel in Canada – Local Offices" 6708:Obiko Pearson, Natalie (July 1, 2020). 6641: 6550:Albanesius, Chloe (February 14, 2012). 6325:Obiko Pearson, Natalie (July 1, 2020). 6222: 6015: 5856:(Press release). Paksoy. Archived from 5168: 5111: 4771:"Nortel pays big bonuses to keep execs" 4613: 4128: 3986:from the original on September 24, 2015 3689:"Search for New CEO Launched by Nortel" 3686: 3505:"How WorldCom took Nortel down with it" 2562: 2452: 1937: 1708: 1608:U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission 1445: 728: 14: 10974:Canadian companies established in 1895 10846: 9781: 7772:Communication Servers (VoIP & TDM) 7533: 7293:Nortel Networks (September 30, 2006). 6877: 6770:Standing committee on Finance hearings 6751:from the original on November 24, 2020 6738: 6623:from the original on February 16, 2012 6531:from the original on February 15, 2012 6487: 6453: 6422: 6380: 6284:Khatchadourian, Raffi (June 7, 2010). 6165: 6085:from the original on February 26, 2014 5935: 5891:from the original on February 21, 2021 5808:from the original on December 17, 2016 5006:from the original on December 18, 2013 4750:from the original on November 24, 2020 4737: 4719:from the original on November 22, 2023 4644: 4110:from the original on November 28, 2016 3973: 3945: 3573:from the original on September 2, 2020 3485:from the original on December 11, 2023 3473:Dabrowski, Wojtek (January 14, 2009). 3196:from the original on February 21, 2021 2898:from the original on February 14, 2021 2727: 2545: 2458: 1524: 835:, and in the United Kingdom under the 565:Technician working in a Nortel lab in 534:) was formed as the parent company to 9755: 9442:Temporary Liquidity Guarantee Program 9412:Banking (Special Provisions) Act 2008 9395: 9333:Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation 9142: 8863: 8644: 8605: 8418: 8298:Maple Leaf Sports & Entertainment 7985: 7653: 7161:from the original on December 7, 2022 7008: 6904: 6488:Gorman, Siobhan (February 14, 2012). 6423:Berkow, Jameson (February 25, 2012). 6389: 6197:CATAUDELLA, KIMBERLY (May 10, 2022). 6178:from the original on October 12, 2016 6066: 5878: 5609:Le Maistre, Ray (December 23, 2009). 5468:"Nortel leaves $ 37M health-fund gap" 4595:from the original on October 18, 2023 4417:from the original on January 31, 2024 4387:from the original on January 31, 2024 4357:from the original on January 31, 2024 4314:McMillan, Robert (October 31, 2005). 4259:from the original on January 31, 2024 4216: 4210: 4171:from the original on January 31, 2024 4080:from the original on January 17, 2013 3821:from the original on November 9, 2012 3808: 3778:McFarland, Janet (January 20, 2012). 3759:from the original on January 31, 2024 3729:from the original on January 31, 2024 3454:from the original on November 7, 2013 2943: 2703:City Has Lost Many Historic Buildings 1890: 1642: 725:and SEC were simultaneously dropped. 501:Logo used from the mid-1970s to 1995 10904:Telecommunications equipment vendors 10828: 9328:Consumer Financial Protection Bureau 8645: 7580:. McGill-Queen's Press – MQUP. 7576:Rens, Jean-Guy; Roth, Käthe (2001). 7123:Nortel Networks Corporation (2009). 7092:Pugliese, David (October 18, 2016). 7063:"Was Nortel's Ottawa Campus bugged?" 6917:from the original on August 28, 2016 6739:Palmer, Randall (January 14, 2009). 6356:V. Hulme, George (August 25, 2014). 6265:from the original on October 1, 2020 6147:from the original on August 31, 2017 6115:from the original on October 9, 2016 5989: 5739: 5511: 5496: 5465: 5355:"Nortel to sell Entire GSM Business" 5265:Musgrove, Mike (November 24, 2009). 5033:. Canwest Publishing. Archived from 4825: 4768: 4738:Palmer, Randall (January 14, 2009). 4614:Ricknäs, Mikael (January 14, 2009). 4581:Blackwell, Tom (February 20, 2020). 4470:"Nortel to close Calgary operations" 4344: 4229:from the original on October 3, 2018 4190:Nortel Government Solutions (2008). 4141:from the original on January 7, 2016 4129:Bagnall, James (December 31, 2014). 3946:French, Cameron (January 15, 2013), 3591: 3475:"Key dates in the history of Nortel" 3336: 3246:"Northern Electric- A Brief History" 2806: 2732:. Taylor & Francis. p. 82. 2615:The Bell Telephone Company of Canada 2563:MacLeod, Elizabeth (April 1, 1999). 2467:from the original on October 7, 2016 2374:"Northern Electric- A Brief History" 2047:David Richardson, former chairperson 1959: 1555:The EDC had agreed to provide up to 1310:VPN Routers; 1750, 2700, 2750, 5000 1227:SG-1 analog wired logic control PBX 1014:Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation 833:Companies' Creditors Arrangement Act 490:Northern Telecom and "Digital World" 10979:Defunct computer hardware companies 9618:Collateralized mortgage obligations 9168: 6994:. December 17, 2009. Archived from 6518: 6500:from the original on August 9, 2018 6466:from the original on August 4, 2019 6286:"WikiLeaks and Julian Paul Assange" 4838:from the original on April 16, 2012 4834:. American City Business Journals. 4536:from the original on April 16, 2012 4183: 3809:Lewis, Michael (January 18, 2012). 3511:from the original on August 5, 2020 3424:from the original on August 5, 2020 3226:from the original on August 4, 2020 3125:from the original on April 19, 2021 2925:from the original on August 1, 2021 2410:from the original on March 12, 2023 2119:John C. Lobb, President (1971–1974) 1410:Payments to lawyers and accountants 1303:Nortel Multi-link Trunking Manager 383:Northern Electric manufactured the 24: 7884:Proactive Voice Quality Management 7792:Communication Server 2100 (CS2100) 7443: 7326:Nortel Networks (March 31, 2007). 7104:from the original on June 26, 2019 6689:from the original on June 11, 2019 6676: 6642:Waddell, Nick (October 15, 2012). 6562:from the original on June 17, 2017 6454:Marlow, Iain (February 15, 2012). 6223:DALESIO, EMERY P. (July 1, 2003). 6166:Ireton, Julie (October 11, 2016). 5447:from the original on June 26, 2012 4868:from the original on March 5, 2012 4858:"Radware buys Nortel product line" 4038:Postmedia News (October 3, 2011). 3851:from the original on March 8, 2012 3790:from the original on March 4, 2016 3699:from the original on June 18, 2012 3668:from the original on March 2, 2012 3157:from the original on April 9, 2022 2886:Douglas Hunter (January 5, 2018). 2589: 2549:Pioneering the Telephone in Canada 2087: 1292:Nortel File and Inventory Manager 1170:Metro Ethernet Routing Switch 8600 435:Independence from Western Electric 364:was the president and his brother 25: 10990: 10939:2013 disestablishments in Ontario 9713:2007–2008 world food price crisis 9513:Chinese economic stimulus program 9498:2008 European Union stimulus plan 9422:Commercial Paper Funding Facility 7834:Unified Communications Management 7603: 7425:from the original on May 23, 2018 7009:Evans, Mark (December 18, 2009). 6720:from the original on July 1, 2020 6658:from the original on June 7, 2019 6519:Tom, Warren (February 14, 2012). 6404:from the original on June 7, 2019 6337:from the original on July 1, 2020 6073:Brickley, Peg (January 7, 2014). 6016:Chellel, Kit (October 15, 2011). 5971:from the original on July 3, 2011 5740:Hill, Bert (September 26, 2010). 4712:Canadian Broadcasting Corporation 3932:. Winnipeg: Sun Media. p. 8. 3719:"Hires And Fires: Oct. 1–5, 2001" 3662:Canadian Broadcasting Corporation 3634:from the original on May 27, 2011 3543:from the original on May 13, 2020 3373:Managerial and Decision Economics 3095:from the original on May 17, 2023 3040:. Nortel Networks. Archived from 2976:. Nortel Networks. Archived from 2839:. Nortel Networks. Archived from 2679:. Nortel Networks. Archived from 2677:"History of Nortel: 1874 to 1899" 2459:Ireton, Julie (October 7, 2016). 1416:Canadian Broadcasting Corporation 1384:Unified Communications Management 1064:carriers). Technologies included 802:notified Nortel that it would be 679:advised audit committee chairman 573:In 1998, with the acquisition of 283:, leading to the city's style as 10827: 10817: 10808: 10807: 10796: 10417:Free-space optical communication 9741:List of countries by public debt 9368:National Asset Management Agency 8446: 7787:Application Server 5300 (AS5300) 7464: 7437: 7406: 7319: 7286: 7226: 7157:. Gettyimages. January 1, 2010. 7143: 7085: 7055: 7029: 7011:"John Roth Wants Nortel's Help!" 7002: 6980: 6929: 6898: 6871: 6839: 6799: 6781: 6763: 6732: 6701: 6670: 6635: 6605: 6574: 6543: 6431:. Financial Post. Archived from 6349: 6318: 6277: 6247: 6216: 6190: 6159: 6127: 6097: 6040: 5846: 5820: 5790: 5764: 5466:Hill, Bert (February 23, 2010). 5403: 5347: 5258: 5169:Bagnall, James (July 25, 2009). 5112:Bagnall, James (July 24, 2009). 5089:. March 19, 2010. Archived from 4645:Greene, Tim (January 14, 2009). 4345:Bale, Chris (February 7, 2007). 3654:"Nortel COO takes medical leave" 2318:Science and technology in Canada 2223: 2209: 2195: 2181: 2122:David G. Vice, President and COO 1662:In 2009, Roth filed a claim for 1521:were beneficiaries of the hack. 1275:Nortel Enterprise Switch Manager 1109:Application Server 5300 (AS5300) 851:business and its agreement with 595:In the late 1990s, stock market 292:Bell Telephone Company of Canada 10889:Electronics companies of Canada 9696:2008 Central Asia energy crisis 9613:Collateralized debt obligations 7940:Simple Loop Prevention Protocol 7039:. Light Reading. Archived from 6972:. June 23, 2010. Archived from 6966:"Nortel wants to dump retirees" 5959:Damouni, Nadia (July 1, 2011). 5879:Musil, Steven (June 30, 2011). 5613:. Light Reading. Archived from 5534:. March 3, 2010. Archived from 4932: 4826:Drew, Jeff (January 30, 2009). 4683:. June 22, 2009. Archived from 4669: 4548: 4518: 4399: 4369: 4338: 4271: 4241: 4217:Witte, Griff (April 27, 2005). 4153: 4122: 4092: 3833: 3802: 3771: 3741: 3711: 3616: 3592:Wahl, Andrew (March 24, 2009). 3585: 3555: 3523: 3497: 3466: 3436: 3406: 3357: 3330: 3263: 3238: 3208: 3169: 3137: 3107: 3056: 3004: 2937: 2910: 2879: 2800: 2721: 2695: 2631: 2583: 2331: 1726: 1395:Agile Communication Environment 956:Ottawa campus on Carling Avenue 525: 337:Imperial Wire and Cable Company 9503:2008–2009 Keynesian resurgence 9348:Federal Housing Finance Agency 9343:Federal Housing Administration 9054:Southern New England Telephone 8452:Electronics industry in Canada 7151:"Nortel Brampton Headquarters" 6905:Erman, Boyd (March 13, 2007). 5990:Hill, Bert (October 5, 2011). 5936:Marlow, Iain (April 4, 2011). 2728:Murphy, George Joseph (1993). 2556: 2530: 2392: 2366: 2137:Paul G. Stern, CEO (1989–1992) 2069:, former chairman of the board 1985:, former chairman of the board 1749:Department of National Defence 1715:Department of National Defence 1630:Treatment of Nortel pensioners 1425:billion from Nortel's estate. 1179:small-to-medium-scale digital 1146:Northern Electric home phones 817: 619:, which was a major customer. 520:Nippon Telegraph and Telephone 309:fire department call equipment 215:manufacturer headquartered in 13: 1: 10934:1895 establishments in Quebec 10914:History of telecommunications 10899:Networking hardware companies 9518:Economic Stimulus Act of 2008 9452:Troubled Asset Relief Program 9378:Office of Financial Stability 9353:Federal Housing Finance Board 9287:Société Générale trading loss 9030:SBC Communications / AT&T 8745:Southwestern Bell Corporation 8203:(including Latitude Wireless) 4828:"Nortel getting out of WiMAX" 4106:. Toronto. January 14, 2013. 4076:. Toronto. January 14, 2013. 3974:Austen, Ian (June 20, 2008). 3687:Karleff, Ian (May 21, 2001). 2639:Electricity, The Magic Medium 2536:Bruce 1990, pp. 122–123. 2354: 2345:Telephone Pioneers of America 1925:Metro Ethernet Networks (MEN) 1612:Ontario Securities Commission 1544:Canadian Taxpayers Federation 1467:Julian Assange § Hacking 1166:Northern Telecom home phones 1160:(SL-1) medium-to-large-scale 1092:Telephone sets and terminals 964:National Defence Headquarters 723:Ontario Securities Commission 697:Canadian Taxpayers Federation 10959:Defunct companies of Ontario 10803:Telecommunication portal 10584:Telecommunications equipment 9437:Irish emergency budget, 2009 8884:Advanced American Telephones 8725:Bell Communications Research 8267:(IPTV – Bell Aliant regions) 8011: 7869:File & Inventory Manager 7808:Secure Network Access System 7267:. p. 28. Archived from 6390:Kehoe, John (May 26, 2014). 4769:Hill, Bert (March 1, 2009). 3444:"Nortel's Icarus-like stock" 2359: 1677:During Nortel's 2002 annual 1196:Nortel Communication Servers 1107:Application Server 5200 and 223:, Canada. It was founded in 7: 10320:Alexander Stepanovich Popov 9099:New Communications Holdings 8900:QLT Consumer Lease Services 7879:Multi-link Trunking Manager 6397:Australian Financial Review 4440:"Nortel cutting 2,100 jobs" 3069:High Technology Law Journal 2303:Nortel Government Solutions 2174: 1783:Former campus in California 1763:) and 195 The West Mall in 1618:to replace John A. Roth as 1023: 847:would be discontinuing its 739:Nortel Government Solutions 423:for a theater in Montreal. 256:largest in Canadian history 194:Nortel Networks Corporation 33:Nortel Networks Corporation 10: 10995: 10024:Telecommunications history 9736:2007–2008 financial crisis 9628:Mortgage-backed securities 9239:Automotive industry crisis 8865:Second generation spinoffs 8827:AT&T Wireless Services 8803:AT&T Submarine Systems 8243:(IPTV – urban ON & QC) 7679: 7637:Business data for Nortel: 7498: 7446:"Nortel's Past Leadership" 6882:. Kmlaw.ca. Archived from 6775:September 6, 2015, at the 5273:. WashTech. Archived from 5002:. Toronto. June 22, 2009. 2944:Lewis, H. Spencer (1998). 2917:Savid Vye (May 15, 2012). 2628:Reville 1920, p. 322. 2546:Patten, Gulielmus (1926). 2075:, former president and CEO 1950: 1602:Bookkeeping irregularities 1534:On February 16, 2003, the 1464: 1033: 1027: 866: 841:2007–2008 financial crisis 484:MicroSystems International 417:talking movie sound system 325:The Wire and Cable Company 267: 262: 97:December 7, 1895 10791: 10733: 10670: 10632:Public Switched Telephone 10592: 10556: 10513: 10454: 10444:telecommunication circuit 10405:Fiber-optic communication 10388: 10150:Francis Blake (telephone) 10097: 9945:Optical telecommunication 9789: 9726: 9683: 9641: 9633:Secondary mortgage market 9598: 9554:rescues, and acquisitions 9552:Government interventions, 9551: 9543:Zero interest-rate policy 9490: 9402: 9391: 9320: 9267: 9254:Housing market correction 9231: 9176: 9065: 9028: 9007: 8986: 8965: 8944: 8919: 8874: 8870: 8859: 8835: 8819: 8795: 8774: 8758: 8704: 8688: 8671: 8655: 8651: 8640: 8585: 8540: 8464: 8457: 8405: 8372: 8324: 8280: 8233: 8165: 8086: 8019: 7968: 7905:Nortel Discovery Protocol 7892: 7844:Enterprise Switch Manager 7826: 7800: 7754: 7738: 7689: 7629:February 7, 2022, at the 7561:. John Wiley & Sons. 7553:Macdonald, Larry (2000). 7067:infosecurity-magazine.com 6943:. Toronto. March 12, 2007 6425:"Nortel hacked to pieces" 5944:. Toronto. Archived from 4832:Triangle Business Journal 4530:Triangle Business Journal 3289:10.1007/s11235-016-0214-y 3276:Telecommunication Systems 2892:The Canadian Encyclopedia 2708:November 7, 2012, at the 2644:November 6, 2013, at the 1919:Enterprise Solutions (ES) 1759:in 2006 and now known as 1703:Deloitte & Touche LLP 1540:Export Development Canada 1405:Criticism and controversy 1313:Nortel Multicast Manager 1215:Networking System (DV-1) 1150:Multiservice Switch (MSS) 823:Protection from creditors 695:. Walter Robinson of the 693:Export Development Canada 661:After the Internet bubble 477:digital switching systems 358:Northern Electric Company 343:Northern Electric Company 163: 143: 135: 117: 93: 72: 56: 46: 37: 10909:VoIP companies of Canada 10543:Orbital angular-momentum 9980:Satellite communications 9819:Communications satellite 9651:(United States; c. 2009) 9383:UK Financial Investments 9268:Banking losses and fraud 9259:Subprime mortgage crisis 9244:California budget crisis 8766:Unix System Laboratories 8663:Graybar Electric Company 7534:Hunter, Douglas (2002). 7520:Cornell University Press 7514:January 1, 2016, at the 7472:"Profile: Jean C. Monty" 7233:Nortel Networks (2007). 7206:Nortel Networks (2008). 3036:Nortel Networks (2007). 2972:Nortel Networks (2009). 2948:. Kessinger Publishing. 2835:Nortel Networks (2009). 2807:Babe, Robert E. (1990). 2675:Nortel Networks (2011). 2324: 2313:Passport Carrier Release 2289:List of Nortel protocols 2189:Telecommunication portal 1460: 1353:Nortel Security Manager 1334:Passport Carrier Release 1198:, medium-to-large-scale 1141:Digital Multiplex System 1083:Past products included: 1030:Category:Nortel products 999:Meissel–Mertens constant 936:Health and Welfare Trust 784:non-disclosure agreement 766:chief technology officer 613:bubble of the late 1990s 443:suit in the U.S. forced 320:held on March 24, 1896. 305:police street call boxes 241:Western Electric Company 202:Northern Telecom Limited 10422:Molecular communication 10245:Gardiner Greene Hubbard 10074:Undersea telegraph line 9809:Cable protection system 9669:(worldwide; 2011–2012) 9608:Auction rate securities 9338:Federal Home Loan Banks 8563:Commodore International 6954:(subscription required) 6793:March 31, 2010, at the 6494:The Wall Street Journal 4161:"Nortel fires CEO Dunn" 3337:Rens, Jean-Guy (2007). 3250:memorial.bellsystem.com 3063:Pinheiro, John (1987). 2285:List of Nortel products 2260:Bell Telephone Memorial 2146:Roy Merrills, President 2134:, President (1982–1989) 2040:William Owens (Admiral) 2030:Richard David McCormick 2006:Robert Alexander Ingram 1616:chief financial officer 1550: 1529: 1344:Nortel Routing Manager 914:business at auction to 800:New York Stock Exchange 708:financial mismanagement 666:Accounting restatements 651:Chief financial officer 647:chief operating officer 605:chief executive officer 10869:Defunct VoIP companies 10564:Communication protocol 10350:Charles Sumner Tainter 10165:Walter Houser Brattain 10110:Edwin Howard Armstrong 9918:Information revolution 9358:Federal Reserve System 9232:United States-specific 9067:Verizon Communications 9017:Telcordia Technologies 8681:(via Western Electric) 8128:(Dryden, Ontario area) 6331:Bloomberg Businessweek 3569:. September 20, 2001. 3385:10.1002/mde.4090160407 2265:Bell-Northern Research 2126:Walter Frederick Light 2003:Hon. James B. Hunt Jr. 1853:Research Triangle Park 1784: 1751:), 8200 Dixie Road in 1736: 1634:On June 23, 2010, the 1429:Kathleen Peterson Case 1205:Nortel IP Phone 1120E 1131:, ERS-8300, ERS-5600, 1114:Nortel business phones 876:Nokia Siemens Networks 831:, in Canada under the 624:Toronto Stock Exchange 570: 553:and private networks. 540:Bell-Northern Research 538:and Northern Telecom. 465:Bell-Northern Research 413:transcontinental train 376: 352: 252:Toronto Stock Exchange 123:; 11 years ago 10884:BCE Inc. acquisitions 10538:Polarization-division 10270:Narinder Singh Kapany 10235:Erna Schneider Hoover 10155:Jagadish Chandra Bose 10135:Alexander Graham Bell 9866:online video platform 9708:Decline of newspapers 9655:2009 May Day protests 9601:and financial markets 9491:Stimulus and recovery 7972:Nortel Certifications 7594:Reville, F. Douglas. 6619:. February 16, 2012. 6203:The News and Observer 5804:. December 17, 2016. 5752:on September 30, 2010 5695:on September 28, 2010 4864:. February 22, 2009. 4532:. December 12, 2008. 2921:. Microwave Journal. 2114:Vernon Oswald Marquez 2096:Edward Fleetford Sise 2015:John Alan MacNaughton 1953:List of Nortel people 1951:Further information: 1901:Carrier Networks (CN) 1863:(Massachusetts), and 1782: 1761:Rogers Park, Brampton 1757:Rogers Communications 1747:(now headquarters of 1734: 1722:Corporate information 1679:shareholders' meeting 1673:Conflicts of interest 1135:, ERS-4500, ERS-2500 922:for US$ 103 million. 882:to purchase Nortel's 762:Chief Science Officer 677:Deloitte & Touche 564: 557:Optical boom and bust 374: 362:Edward Fleetford Sise 350: 273:Alexander Graham Bell 121:February 2, 2013 10380:Vladimir K. Zworykin 10340:Almon Brown Strowger 10310:Charles Grafton Page 9965:Prepaid mobile phone 9893:Electrical telegraph 9731:European debt crisis 9623:Credit default swaps 9599:Securities involved 9405:stability and reform 8380:AT&T Corporation 8225:Virgin Mobile Canada 8196:NorthernTel Mobility 7538:. Doubleday Canada. 7518:. Ithaca, New York: 7388:"Board of Directors" 7307:on November 22, 2006 7241:on September 3, 2007 6878:Minsky LLP, Koskie. 6143:. January 24, 2017. 5391:on December 24, 2009 5246:on December 24, 2009 5220:on December 24, 2009 5202:on November 7, 2012. 5150:on December 24, 2009 5063:on December 24, 2009 4976:on December 24, 2009 4920:on December 24, 2009 4894:on December 24, 2009 4715:. January 14, 2009. 4556:"Who killed Nortel?" 4506:on December 24, 2009 4383:. February 7, 2007. 4295:on February 25, 2006 3906:on December 28, 2006 3880:on February 22, 2010 3847:. January 18, 2012. 3630:. January 12, 2005. 3539:. January 18, 2005. 3450:. January 14, 2009. 3394:on November 28, 2007 3220:The Winnipeg Tribune 3044:on February 18, 2008 2999:Rens & Roth 2001 2980:on November 21, 2008 2874:Rens & Roth 2001 2862:Rens & Roth 2001 2777:Rens & Roth 2001 2765:Rens & Roth 2001 2753:Rens & Roth 2001 2596:images.ourontario.ca 2552:. Privately printed. 2132:Edmund B. Fitzgerald 2108:Ralph Holley Keefler 1971:Dr. Manfred Bischoff 1938:Corporate governance 1931:Global Services (GS) 1837:R&D headquarters 1793:software engineering 1741:Mississauga, Ontario 1709:Headquarters bugging 1652:2001 with more than 1446:Environmental damage 1362:Nortel VLAN manager 1323:Nortel Speech Server 1253:Other WAN equipment 1181:key telephone system 808:late 2000s recession 754:Royal Bank of Canada 745:and Nortel formed a 741:Incorporated (NGS). 729:Owens and Zafirovski 213:networking equipment 85:Networking equipment 10919:Corporate spin-offs 10874:Accounting scandals 10330:Johann Philipp Reis 10089:Wireless revolution 10051:The Telephone Cases 9908:Hydraulic telegraph 9691:2000s energy crisis 9403:Banking and finance 9321:Government entities 9107:Frontier California 8876:Lucent Technologies 8782:Lucent Technologies 8548:Aastra Technologies 8492:Evertz Microsystems 8234:Television services 8104:(urban ON & QC) 7707:Multiservice Switch 7367:on October 18, 2012 7274:on January 28, 2011 7094:"ottawacitizen.com" 6886:on December 5, 2011 6235:on November 6, 2023 6079:Wall Street Journal 6028:on February 7, 2012 5887:. CBS Interactive. 5860:on November 7, 2012 5834:on November 6, 2013 5643:on October 25, 2010 5617:on January 10, 2010 5277:on November 9, 2012 5271:The Washington Post 5087:Phone Plus Magazine 5037:on November 7, 2012 4326:on December 4, 2005 4050:on December 2, 2011 3725:. October 6, 2001. 2876:, pp. 129–132. 2790:Canadian Parliament 2715:Brantford Expositor 2701:Ibbotson, Heather. 2518:on November 4, 2012 2340:Brantford Expositor 2298:Multiservice Switch 2240:Accounting scandals 2102:Paul Fleetford Sise 2067:Lynton "Red" Wilson 2010:Kristina M. Johnson 1525:Government bailouts 1471:In September 1991, 1271:Secure Router 3120 1068:(voice) equipment, 971:One Equity Partners 941:signed an agreement 837:Insolvency Act 1986 683:and board chairman 601:fibre optic network 399:lighters, electric 385:Portable Commutator 366:Paul Fleetford Sise 34: 10528:Frequency-division 10505:Telephone exchange 10375:Charles Wheatstone 10305:Jun-ichi Nishizawa 10280:Innocenzo Manzetti 10215:Reginald Fessenden 9950:Optical telegraphy 9783:Telecommunications 9673:Occupy Wall Street 9649:Tea Party protests 9307:Scott W. Rothstein 9117:Frontier Southwest 8843:AT&T Broadband 8809:Tyco International 8527:Smart Technologies 8497:Future Electronics 8477:BlackBerry Limited 8364:TIFF Bell Lightbox 8304:Montreal Canadiens 8168:telecommunications 8089:telecommunications 7813:Secure Router 4134 7452:on January 1, 2016 7187:on January 4, 2006 7100:. Ottawa Citizen. 6998:on March 17, 2010. 6941:The Globe and Mail 6911:The Globe and Mail 6460:The Globe and Mail 6261:. April 12, 2017. 6229:Midland Daily News 5942:The Globe and Mail 5590:on January 6, 2010 5124:on August 28, 2009 5000:The Globe and Mail 4781:on January 4, 2011 4626:on January 2, 2013 4167:. April 28, 2004. 4165:The Globe and Mail 3980:The New York Times 3956:on October 9, 2016 3784:The Globe and Mail 3755:. March 13, 2007. 3753:The Globe and Mail 3664:. March 13, 2001. 3536:The New York Times 3420:. August 4, 1999. 3119:telephoneworld.org 2843:on January 7, 2002 2767:, p. 129-132. 2569:. Kids Can Press. 2380:on August 22, 2015 1979:Robert Ellis Brown 1891:Business structure 1855:(North Carolina), 1785: 1737: 1643:Ex-CEO as creditor 1606:In 2007, both the 1374:3D Voice Platform 1288:Secure Router 4134 1089:Telephone Systems 1054:landline telephone 1042:telecommunications 987:BlackBerry Limited 930:In February 2010, 880:stalking horse bid 861:stalking horse bid 772:Mike S. Zafirovski 571: 377: 353: 285:The Telephone City 277:Brantford, Ontario 209:telecommunications 80:Telecommunications 32: 10841: 10840: 10579:Store and forward 10574:Data transmission 10488:Network switching 10439:Transmission line 10285:Guglielmo Marconi 10250:Internet pioneers 10115:Mohamed M. Atalla 10084:Whistled language 9749: 9748: 9718:Retail apocalypse 9663:(MENA; 2010–2012) 9594: 9593: 9590: 9589: 9486: 9485: 9466:Bank stress tests 9136: 9135: 9132: 9131: 9128: 9127: 8855: 8854: 8851: 8850: 8679:Northern Electric 8599: 8598: 8581: 8580: 8502:Rakuten Kobo Inc. 8412: 8411: 8253:Bell Satellite TV 8211: 8186:Inukshuk Wireless 8180:Bell MTS Wireless 8146:(northern Canada) 8098:(Atlantic Canada) 7979: 7978: 7859:Multicast Manager 7587:978-0-7735-2052-3 7505:Bruce, Robert V. 7394:on April 12, 2006 7386:Nortel Networks. 7359:Nortel Networks. 7098:ottawacitizen.com 7073:on August 4, 2020 6976:on June 26, 2010. 6970:News and Observer 6648:cantechletter.com 6593:on April 28, 2012 6429:financialpost.com 6368:on August 4, 2020 6111:. April 5, 2016. 5948:on April 7, 2011. 5093:on March 26, 2010 4562:. January 9, 2009 3693:Los Angeles Times 3628:Globe and Advisor 3604:on March 30, 2009 3598:Canadian Business 3507:. June 23, 2009. 3318:on April 26, 2009 2739:978-0-8153-1248-2 2576:978-1-55074-458-3 2406:. June 24, 2011. 2084: 2083: 1983:Frank C. Carlucci 1966:Jalynn H. Bennett 1753:Brampton, Ontario 1636:News and Observer 1596:Nortel pensioners 1583:, breached their 1435:Kathleen Peterson 1402: 1401: 1295:OPTera Long Haul 981:, EMC, Ericsson, 958:was purchased by 932:Ernst & Young 908:Ciena Corporation 701:corporate welfare 469:fiber optic cable 204:, was a Canadian 191: 190: 16:(Redirected from 10986: 10831: 10830: 10821: 10820: 10811: 10810: 10801: 10800: 10799: 10672:Notable networks 10662:Wireless network 10602:Cellular network 10594:Types of network 10569:Computer network 10456:Network topology 10370:Thomas A. Watson 10225:Oliver Heaviside 10210:Philo Farnsworth 10185:Daniel Davis Jr. 10160:Charles Bourseul 10120:John Logie Baird 9829:Data compression 9824:Computer network 9776: 9769: 9762: 9753: 9752: 9642:Social responses 9567: 9566: 9463: 9462: 9393: 9392: 9163: 9156: 9149: 9140: 9139: 9121: 9112:Frontier Florida 9103: 9095: 9087: 9079: 9058: 9050: 9042: 9021: 9000: 8979: 8958: 8937: 8912: 8904: 8896: 8888: 8872: 8871: 8861: 8860: 8653: 8652: 8646:First generation 8642: 8641: 8626: 8619: 8612: 8603: 8602: 8553:ATI Technologies 8462: 8461: 8451: 8450: 8439: 8432: 8425: 8416: 8415: 8354:Frank and Gordon 8344:Bell MTS Iceplex 8325:Advertising and 8281:Other properties 8220:Télébec Mobilité 8209: 8053:John H. McArthur 8006: 7999: 7992: 7983: 7982: 7864:Security Manager 7827:Management tools 7782:Meridian Norstar 7730:ERS-5500 Systems 7715:MERS-8600 System 7674: 7667: 7660: 7651: 7650: 7615: 7614: 7612:Official website 7591: 7572: 7560: 7549: 7492: 7491: 7489: 7487: 7478:. Archived from 7468: 7462: 7461: 7459: 7457: 7448:. Archived from 7441: 7435: 7434: 7432: 7430: 7410: 7404: 7403: 7401: 7399: 7390:. Archived from 7383: 7377: 7376: 7374: 7372: 7363:. Archived from 7356: 7350: 7349: 7347: 7345: 7340:on June 28, 2007 7339: 7333:. Archived from 7332: 7323: 7317: 7316: 7314: 7312: 7306: 7300:. Archived from 7299: 7290: 7284: 7283: 7281: 7279: 7273: 7266: 7257: 7251: 7250: 7248: 7246: 7237:. Archived from 7230: 7224: 7223: 7221: 7219: 7210:. Archived from 7203: 7197: 7196: 7194: 7192: 7177: 7171: 7170: 7168: 7166: 7147: 7141: 7140: 7138: 7136: 7120: 7114: 7113: 7111: 7109: 7089: 7083: 7082: 7080: 7078: 7059: 7053: 7052: 7050: 7048: 7043:on June 19, 2012 7033: 7027: 7026: 7024: 7022: 7013:. Archived from 7006: 7000: 6999: 6984: 6978: 6977: 6962: 6956: 6955: 6952: 6950: 6948: 6933: 6927: 6926: 6924: 6922: 6902: 6896: 6895: 6893: 6891: 6875: 6869: 6868: 6866: 6864: 6859:on March 4, 2016 6858: 6852:. Archived from 6851: 6843: 6837: 6836: 6830: 6822: 6820: 6818: 6803: 6797: 6785: 6779: 6767: 6761: 6760: 6758: 6756: 6736: 6730: 6729: 6727: 6725: 6705: 6699: 6698: 6696: 6694: 6674: 6668: 6667: 6665: 6663: 6639: 6633: 6632: 6630: 6628: 6609: 6603: 6602: 6600: 6598: 6589:. Archived from 6578: 6572: 6571: 6569: 6567: 6547: 6541: 6540: 6538: 6536: 6516: 6510: 6509: 6507: 6505: 6485: 6476: 6475: 6473: 6471: 6451: 6445: 6444: 6442: 6440: 6420: 6414: 6413: 6411: 6409: 6387: 6378: 6377: 6375: 6373: 6353: 6347: 6346: 6344: 6342: 6322: 6316: 6315: 6309: 6301: 6299: 6297: 6281: 6275: 6274: 6272: 6270: 6251: 6245: 6244: 6242: 6240: 6231:. Archived from 6220: 6214: 6213: 6211: 6209: 6194: 6188: 6187: 6185: 6183: 6163: 6157: 6156: 6154: 6152: 6131: 6125: 6124: 6122: 6120: 6101: 6095: 6094: 6092: 6090: 6070: 6064: 6063: 6061: 6059: 6044: 6038: 6037: 6035: 6033: 6024:. Archived from 6013: 6007: 6006: 6004: 6002: 5987: 5981: 5980: 5978: 5976: 5956: 5950: 5949: 5933: 5927: 5926: 5924: 5922: 5907: 5901: 5900: 5898: 5896: 5876: 5870: 5869: 5867: 5865: 5850: 5844: 5843: 5841: 5839: 5824: 5818: 5817: 5815: 5813: 5794: 5788: 5787: 5785: 5783: 5778:on July 14, 2011 5768: 5762: 5761: 5759: 5757: 5748:. Archived from 5737: 5731: 5730: 5728: 5726: 5721:on July 14, 2011 5711: 5705: 5704: 5702: 5700: 5685: 5679: 5678: 5676: 5674: 5669:on July 14, 2011 5659: 5653: 5652: 5650: 5648: 5633: 5627: 5626: 5624: 5622: 5606: 5600: 5599: 5597: 5595: 5580: 5574: 5573: 5571: 5569: 5564:on July 14, 2011 5554: 5548: 5547: 5545: 5543: 5538:on April 9, 2010 5524: 5518: 5517: 5509: 5503: 5502: 5494: 5488: 5487: 5485: 5483: 5478:on March 8, 2010 5474:. Archived from 5463: 5457: 5456: 5454: 5452: 5433: 5427: 5426: 5424: 5422: 5417:on July 14, 2011 5407: 5401: 5400: 5398: 5396: 5381: 5375: 5374: 5372: 5370: 5361:. Archived from 5351: 5345: 5344: 5342: 5340: 5335:on July 14, 2011 5325: 5319: 5318: 5316: 5314: 5309:on July 14, 2011 5299: 5293: 5292: 5284: 5282: 5262: 5256: 5255: 5253: 5251: 5236: 5230: 5229: 5227: 5225: 5210: 5204: 5203: 5192: 5186: 5185: 5183: 5181: 5166: 5160: 5159: 5157: 5155: 5140: 5134: 5133: 5131: 5129: 5120:. Archived from 5109: 5103: 5102: 5100: 5098: 5079: 5073: 5072: 5070: 5068: 5053: 5047: 5046: 5044: 5042: 5022: 5016: 5015: 5013: 5011: 4992: 4986: 4985: 4983: 4981: 4966: 4955: 4954: 4952: 4950: 4936: 4930: 4929: 4927: 4925: 4910: 4904: 4903: 4901: 4899: 4884: 4878: 4877: 4875: 4873: 4854: 4848: 4847: 4845: 4843: 4823: 4817: 4816: 4814: 4812: 4807:on July 14, 2011 4797: 4791: 4790: 4788: 4786: 4777:. Archived from 4766: 4760: 4759: 4757: 4755: 4735: 4729: 4728: 4726: 4724: 4703: 4697: 4696: 4694: 4692: 4673: 4667: 4666: 4664: 4662: 4657:on June 15, 2011 4653:. Archived from 4642: 4636: 4635: 4633: 4631: 4611: 4605: 4604: 4602: 4600: 4578: 4572: 4571: 4569: 4567: 4552: 4546: 4545: 4543: 4541: 4522: 4516: 4515: 4513: 4511: 4496: 4490: 4489: 4487: 4485: 4466: 4460: 4459: 4457: 4455: 4436: 4427: 4426: 4424: 4422: 4403: 4397: 4396: 4394: 4392: 4373: 4367: 4366: 4364: 4362: 4342: 4336: 4335: 4333: 4331: 4322:. Archived from 4311: 4305: 4304: 4302: 4300: 4285: 4279: 4275: 4269: 4268: 4266: 4264: 4245: 4239: 4238: 4236: 4234: 4214: 4208: 4207: 4205: 4203: 4187: 4181: 4180: 4178: 4176: 4157: 4151: 4150: 4148: 4146: 4126: 4120: 4119: 4117: 4115: 4096: 4090: 4089: 4087: 4085: 4066: 4060: 4059: 4057: 4055: 4046:. Archived from 4044:Montreal Gazette 4035: 4029: 4028: 4026: 4024: 4019:on March 7, 2013 4005: 3996: 3995: 3993: 3991: 3971: 3965: 3964: 3963: 3961: 3943: 3934: 3933: 3925: 3916: 3915: 3913: 3911: 3896: 3890: 3889: 3887: 3885: 3876:. Archived from 3870: 3861: 3860: 3858: 3856: 3837: 3831: 3830: 3828: 3826: 3806: 3800: 3799: 3797: 3795: 3775: 3769: 3768: 3766: 3764: 3745: 3739: 3738: 3736: 3734: 3715: 3709: 3708: 3706: 3704: 3684: 3678: 3677: 3675: 3673: 3650: 3644: 3643: 3641: 3639: 3620: 3614: 3613: 3611: 3609: 3600:. Archived from 3589: 3583: 3582: 3580: 3578: 3559: 3553: 3552: 3550: 3548: 3527: 3521: 3520: 3518: 3516: 3501: 3495: 3494: 3492: 3490: 3470: 3464: 3463: 3461: 3459: 3440: 3434: 3433: 3431: 3429: 3410: 3404: 3403: 3401: 3399: 3393: 3387:. Archived from 3370: 3361: 3355: 3354: 3352: 3350: 3334: 3328: 3327: 3325: 3323: 3314:. Archived from 3308: 3302: 3301: 3291: 3267: 3261: 3260: 3258: 3256: 3242: 3236: 3235: 3233: 3231: 3212: 3206: 3205: 3203: 3201: 3173: 3167: 3166: 3164: 3162: 3141: 3135: 3134: 3132: 3130: 3111: 3105: 3104: 3102: 3100: 3060: 3054: 3053: 3051: 3049: 3033: 3027: 3026: 3008: 3002: 2996: 2990: 2989: 2987: 2985: 2969: 2960: 2959: 2941: 2935: 2934: 2932: 2930: 2919:"Goliath's Fall" 2914: 2908: 2907: 2905: 2903: 2883: 2877: 2871: 2865: 2859: 2853: 2852: 2850: 2848: 2832: 2823: 2822: 2804: 2798: 2797: 2794:Sessional Papers 2786: 2780: 2774: 2768: 2762: 2756: 2750: 2744: 2743: 2725: 2719: 2718:, April 5, 2012. 2699: 2693: 2692: 2690: 2688: 2683:on June 19, 2013 2672: 2657: 2635: 2629: 2626: 2620: 2606: 2604: 2602: 2587: 2581: 2580: 2560: 2554: 2553: 2543: 2537: 2534: 2528: 2527: 2525: 2523: 2508: 2502: 2501: 2499: 2497: 2486: 2477: 2476: 2474: 2472: 2456: 2450: 2449: 2447: 2445: 2429: 2420: 2419: 2417: 2415: 2396: 2390: 2389: 2387: 2385: 2376:. Archived from 2370: 2348: 2335: 2233: 2231:Companies portal 2228: 2227: 2226: 2219: 2214: 2213: 2212: 2205: 2200: 2199: 2198: 2191: 2186: 2185: 2184: 2056:Guylaine Saucier 2051:John Andrew Roth 1960: 1839:), Beijing, and 1668: 1665: 1658: 1655: 1593: 1590: 1561: 1558: 1456: 1453: 1440:Michael Peterson 1424: 1421: 1186:Nortel payphones 1177:Meridian Norstar 1121:network switches 1086: 1085: 1046:computer network 499: 449:Western Electric 428:Great Depression 405:washing machines 131: 129: 124: 104: 102: 42: 35: 31: 21: 18:Northern Telecom 10994: 10993: 10989: 10988: 10987: 10985: 10984: 10983: 10844: 10843: 10842: 10837: 10797: 10795: 10787: 10729: 10666: 10588: 10552: 10509: 10458: 10450: 10391: 10384: 10290:Robert Metcalfe 10145:Tim Berners-Lee 10093: 9913:Information Age 9785: 9780: 9750: 9745: 9722: 9679: 9667:Occupy movement 9637: 9600: 9586: 9565: 9553: 9547: 9482: 9461: 9404: 9398: 9387: 9316: 9263: 9227: 9172: 9170:Great Recession 9167: 9137: 9124: 9119: 9101: 9093: 9085: 9077: 9075:Hawaiian Telcom 9061: 9056: 9048: 9040: 9024: 9019: 9003: 8998: 8982: 8977: 8967:Pacific Telesis 8961: 8956: 8940: 8935: 8925:(f/k/a US West) 8923: 8915: 8910: 8902: 8894: 8886: 8866: 8847: 8831: 8815: 8791: 8770: 8754: 8740:Pacific Telesis 8700: 8684: 8667: 8647: 8636: 8630: 8600: 8595: 8577: 8536: 8532:Yorkville Sound 8522:Sierra Wireless 8453: 8445: 8443: 8413: 8408: 8401: 8368: 8359:Kids Help Phone 8339:Bell Let's Talk 8326: 8320: 8276: 8229: 8167: 8161: 8088: 8082: 8043:Anthony S. Fell 8015: 8010: 7980: 7975: 7964: 7888: 7874:Routing Manager 7822: 7796: 7777:Nortel Meridian 7750: 7734: 7725:ERS-5600 System 7720:ERS-8600 System 7685: 7678: 7646: 7631:Wayback Machine 7610: 7609: 7606: 7601: 7588: 7569: 7557:Nortel Networks 7546: 7516:Wayback Machine 7501: 7496: 7495: 7485: 7483: 7482:on May 23, 2012 7470: 7469: 7465: 7455: 7453: 7442: 7438: 7428: 7426: 7411: 7407: 7397: 7395: 7384: 7380: 7370: 7368: 7357: 7353: 7343: 7341: 7337: 7330: 7324: 7320: 7310: 7308: 7304: 7297: 7291: 7287: 7277: 7275: 7271: 7264: 7258: 7254: 7244: 7242: 7231: 7227: 7217: 7215: 7204: 7200: 7190: 7188: 7179: 7178: 7174: 7164: 7162: 7149: 7148: 7144: 7134: 7132: 7131:on July 3, 2002 7121: 7117: 7107: 7105: 7090: 7086: 7076: 7074: 7061: 7060: 7056: 7046: 7044: 7035: 7034: 7030: 7020: 7018: 7017:on July 7, 2011 7007: 7003: 6992:CBC News Ottawa 6986: 6985: 6981: 6964: 6963: 6959: 6953: 6946: 6944: 6935: 6934: 6930: 6920: 6918: 6903: 6899: 6889: 6887: 6876: 6872: 6862: 6860: 6856: 6849: 6845: 6844: 6840: 6824: 6823: 6816: 6814: 6805: 6804: 6800: 6795:Wayback Machine 6786: 6782: 6777:Wayback Machine 6768: 6764: 6754: 6752: 6737: 6733: 6723: 6721: 6706: 6702: 6692: 6690: 6677:Payton, Laura. 6675: 6671: 6661: 6659: 6640: 6636: 6626: 6624: 6611: 6610: 6606: 6596: 6594: 6579: 6575: 6565: 6563: 6548: 6544: 6534: 6532: 6517: 6513: 6503: 6501: 6486: 6479: 6469: 6467: 6452: 6448: 6438: 6436: 6435:on June 7, 2019 6421: 6417: 6407: 6405: 6388: 6381: 6371: 6369: 6354: 6350: 6340: 6338: 6323: 6319: 6303: 6302: 6295: 6293: 6282: 6278: 6268: 6266: 6253: 6252: 6248: 6238: 6236: 6221: 6217: 6207: 6205: 6195: 6191: 6181: 6179: 6164: 6160: 6150: 6148: 6133: 6132: 6128: 6118: 6116: 6103: 6102: 6098: 6088: 6086: 6071: 6067: 6057: 6055: 6054:on July 4, 2014 6046: 6045: 6041: 6031: 6029: 6014: 6010: 6000: 5998: 5988: 5984: 5974: 5972: 5957: 5953: 5934: 5930: 5920: 5918: 5917:on July 4, 2011 5909: 5908: 5904: 5894: 5892: 5877: 5873: 5863: 5861: 5852: 5851: 5847: 5837: 5835: 5826: 5825: 5821: 5811: 5809: 5796: 5795: 5791: 5781: 5779: 5770: 5769: 5765: 5755: 5753: 5738: 5734: 5724: 5722: 5713: 5712: 5708: 5698: 5696: 5687: 5686: 5682: 5672: 5670: 5661: 5660: 5656: 5646: 5644: 5635: 5634: 5630: 5620: 5618: 5607: 5603: 5593: 5591: 5582: 5581: 5577: 5567: 5565: 5556: 5555: 5551: 5541: 5539: 5526: 5525: 5521: 5510: 5506: 5495: 5491: 5481: 5479: 5464: 5460: 5450: 5448: 5435: 5434: 5430: 5420: 5418: 5409: 5408: 5404: 5394: 5392: 5383: 5382: 5378: 5368: 5366: 5365:on May 18, 2011 5353: 5352: 5348: 5338: 5336: 5327: 5326: 5322: 5312: 5310: 5301: 5300: 5296: 5280: 5278: 5263: 5259: 5249: 5247: 5238: 5237: 5233: 5223: 5221: 5212: 5211: 5207: 5194: 5193: 5189: 5179: 5177: 5167: 5163: 5153: 5151: 5142: 5141: 5137: 5127: 5125: 5110: 5106: 5096: 5094: 5081: 5080: 5076: 5066: 5064: 5055: 5054: 5050: 5040: 5038: 5023: 5019: 5009: 5007: 4994: 4993: 4989: 4979: 4977: 4968: 4967: 4958: 4948: 4946: 4938: 4937: 4933: 4923: 4921: 4912: 4911: 4907: 4897: 4895: 4886: 4885: 4881: 4871: 4869: 4856: 4855: 4851: 4841: 4839: 4824: 4820: 4810: 4808: 4799: 4798: 4794: 4784: 4782: 4767: 4763: 4753: 4751: 4736: 4732: 4722: 4720: 4705: 4704: 4700: 4690: 4688: 4687:on June 4, 2011 4675: 4674: 4670: 4660: 4658: 4643: 4639: 4629: 4627: 4612: 4608: 4598: 4596: 4579: 4575: 4565: 4563: 4554: 4553: 4549: 4539: 4537: 4524: 4523: 4519: 4509: 4507: 4498: 4497: 4493: 4483: 4481: 4480:on May 31, 2008 4468: 4467: 4463: 4453: 4451: 4450:on June 6, 2008 4438: 4437: 4430: 4420: 4418: 4405: 4404: 4400: 4390: 4388: 4375: 4374: 4370: 4360: 4358: 4343: 4339: 4329: 4327: 4312: 4308: 4298: 4296: 4287: 4286: 4282: 4276: 4272: 4262: 4260: 4247: 4246: 4242: 4232: 4230: 4223:Washington Post 4215: 4211: 4201: 4199: 4198:on July 4, 2008 4188: 4184: 4174: 4172: 4159: 4158: 4154: 4144: 4142: 4127: 4123: 4113: 4111: 4098: 4097: 4093: 4083: 4081: 4068: 4067: 4063: 4053: 4051: 4036: 4032: 4022: 4020: 4007: 4006: 3999: 3989: 3987: 3972: 3968: 3959: 3957: 3944: 3937: 3926: 3919: 3909: 3907: 3898: 3897: 3893: 3883: 3881: 3872: 3871: 3864: 3854: 3852: 3839: 3838: 3834: 3824: 3822: 3807: 3803: 3793: 3791: 3776: 3772: 3762: 3760: 3747: 3746: 3742: 3732: 3730: 3717: 3716: 3712: 3702: 3700: 3685: 3681: 3671: 3669: 3652: 3651: 3647: 3637: 3635: 3622: 3621: 3617: 3607: 3605: 3590: 3586: 3576: 3574: 3561: 3560: 3556: 3546: 3544: 3529: 3528: 3524: 3514: 3512: 3503: 3502: 3498: 3488: 3486: 3471: 3467: 3457: 3455: 3442: 3441: 3437: 3427: 3425: 3412: 3411: 3407: 3397: 3395: 3391: 3368: 3362: 3358: 3348: 3346: 3345:on July 6, 2007 3335: 3331: 3321: 3319: 3310: 3309: 3305: 3268: 3264: 3254: 3252: 3244: 3243: 3239: 3229: 3227: 3214: 3213: 3209: 3199: 3197: 3190: 3174: 3170: 3160: 3158: 3143: 3142: 3138: 3128: 3126: 3113: 3112: 3108: 3098: 3096: 3061: 3057: 3047: 3045: 3034: 3030: 3023: 3009: 3005: 2997: 2993: 2983: 2981: 2970: 2963: 2956: 2942: 2938: 2928: 2926: 2915: 2911: 2901: 2899: 2884: 2880: 2872: 2868: 2860: 2856: 2846: 2844: 2833: 2826: 2819: 2805: 2801: 2787: 2783: 2775: 2771: 2763: 2759: 2751: 2747: 2740: 2726: 2722: 2710:Wayback Machine 2700: 2696: 2686: 2684: 2673: 2660: 2646:Wayback Machine 2636: 2632: 2627: 2623: 2600: 2598: 2590:Sharpe, Roger. 2588: 2584: 2577: 2561: 2557: 2544: 2540: 2535: 2531: 2521: 2519: 2510: 2509: 2505: 2495: 2493: 2488: 2487: 2480: 2470: 2468: 2457: 2453: 2443: 2441: 2440:. National Post 2430: 2423: 2413: 2411: 2398: 2397: 2393: 2383: 2381: 2372: 2371: 2367: 2362: 2357: 2352: 2351: 2336: 2332: 2327: 2322: 2229: 2224: 2222: 2215: 2210: 2208: 2201: 2196: 2194: 2187: 2182: 2180: 2177: 2168:Mike Zafirovski 2090: 2088:Past leadership 2085: 2073:Mike Zafirovski 1975:James Blanchard 1955: 1949: 1940: 1893: 1777: 1729: 1724: 1711: 1675: 1666: 1663: 1656: 1653: 1645: 1632: 1604: 1591: 1588: 1569: 1559: 1556: 1553: 1532: 1527: 1485:Mike Zafirovski 1469: 1463: 1454: 1451: 1448: 1431: 1422: 1419: 1412: 1407: 1038: 1032: 1026: 995:Brun's constant 892:MatlinPatterson 869: 825: 820: 731: 703:at its worst." 668: 663: 559: 528: 504: 503: 502: 492: 437: 381:First World War 345: 317: 270: 265: 183: 178: 176: 159: 155: 127: 125: 122: 105: 100: 98: 89: 61: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 10992: 10982: 10981: 10976: 10971: 10966: 10961: 10956: 10951: 10946: 10941: 10936: 10931: 10926: 10921: 10916: 10911: 10906: 10901: 10896: 10891: 10886: 10881: 10876: 10871: 10866: 10861: 10856: 10839: 10838: 10836: 10835: 10825: 10815: 10805: 10792: 10789: 10788: 10786: 10785: 10778: 10773: 10768: 10763: 10758: 10757: 10756: 10751: 10743: 10737: 10735: 10731: 10730: 10728: 10727: 10722: 10717: 10712: 10707: 10702: 10697: 10692: 10687: 10682: 10676: 10674: 10668: 10667: 10665: 10664: 10659: 10654: 10649: 10644: 10639: 10634: 10629: 10624: 10619: 10614: 10609: 10604: 10598: 10596: 10590: 10589: 10587: 10586: 10581: 10576: 10571: 10566: 10560: 10558: 10554: 10553: 10551: 10550: 10545: 10540: 10535: 10530: 10525: 10523:Space-division 10519: 10517: 10511: 10510: 10508: 10507: 10502: 10501: 10500: 10495: 10485: 10484: 10483: 10473: 10468: 10462: 10460: 10452: 10451: 10449: 10448: 10447: 10446: 10436: 10435: 10434: 10424: 10419: 10414: 10413: 10412: 10402: 10396: 10394: 10386: 10385: 10383: 10382: 10377: 10372: 10367: 10362: 10360:Camille Tissot 10357: 10352: 10347: 10342: 10337: 10335:Claude Shannon 10332: 10327: 10325:Tivadar Puskás 10322: 10317: 10312: 10307: 10302: 10297: 10295:Antonio Meucci 10292: 10287: 10282: 10277: 10272: 10267: 10265:Charles K. Kao 10262: 10257: 10252: 10247: 10242: 10240:Harold Hopkins 10237: 10232: 10227: 10222: 10217: 10212: 10207: 10202: 10197: 10192: 10187: 10182: 10177: 10172: 10167: 10162: 10157: 10152: 10147: 10142: 10140:Emile Berliner 10137: 10132: 10127: 10122: 10117: 10112: 10107: 10101: 10099: 10095: 10094: 10092: 10091: 10086: 10081: 10079:Videotelephony 10076: 10071: 10070: 10069: 10064: 10054: 10047: 10042: 10036: 10031: 10026: 10021: 10016: 10015: 10014: 10009: 10004: 9994: 9993: 9992: 9982: 9977: 9975:Radiotelephone 9972: 9967: 9962: 9957: 9952: 9947: 9942: 9941: 9940: 9930: 9925: 9920: 9915: 9910: 9905: 9900: 9895: 9890: 9885: 9880: 9879: 9878: 9873: 9868: 9863: 9861:Internet video 9853: 9852: 9851: 9846: 9841: 9836: 9826: 9821: 9816: 9811: 9806: 9801: 9795: 9793: 9787: 9786: 9779: 9778: 9771: 9764: 9756: 9747: 9746: 9744: 9743: 9738: 9733: 9727: 9724: 9723: 9721: 9720: 9715: 9710: 9705: 9700: 9699: 9698: 9687: 9685: 9684:Related topics 9681: 9680: 9678: 9677: 9676: 9675: 9664: 9658: 9652: 9645: 9643: 9639: 9638: 9636: 9635: 9630: 9625: 9620: 9615: 9610: 9604: 9602: 9596: 9595: 9592: 9591: 9588: 9587: 9585: 9584: 9582:General Motors 9579: 9573: 9571: 9564: 9563: 9557: 9555: 9549: 9548: 9546: 9545: 9540: 9535: 9530: 9528:Green New Deal 9525: 9520: 9515: 9510: 9505: 9500: 9494: 9492: 9488: 9487: 9484: 9483: 9481: 9480: 9475: 9469: 9467: 9460: 9459: 9454: 9449: 9444: 9439: 9434: 9429: 9424: 9419: 9414: 9408: 9406: 9400: 9399: 9389: 9388: 9386: 9385: 9380: 9375: 9370: 9365: 9360: 9355: 9350: 9345: 9340: 9335: 9330: 9324: 9322: 9318: 9317: 9315: 9314: 9312:Allen Stanford 9309: 9304: 9299: 9294: 9289: 9284: 9283: 9282: 9271: 9269: 9265: 9264: 9262: 9261: 9256: 9251: 9249:Housing bubble 9246: 9241: 9235: 9233: 9229: 9228: 9226: 9225: 9220: 9219: 9218: 9208: 9203: 9202: 9201: 9196: 9186: 9180: 9178: 9174: 9173: 9166: 9165: 9158: 9151: 9143: 9134: 9133: 9130: 9129: 9126: 9125: 9123: 9122: 9114: 9109: 9104: 9096: 9088: 9080: 9071: 9069: 9063: 9062: 9060: 9059: 9051: 9043: 9034: 9032: 9026: 9025: 9023: 9022: 9013: 9011: 9009:Regional Bells 9005: 9004: 9002: 9001: 8992: 8990: 8984: 8983: 8981: 8980: 8971: 8969: 8963: 8962: 8960: 8959: 8950: 8948: 8942: 8941: 8939: 8938: 8929: 8927: 8921:MediaOne Group 8917: 8916: 8914: 8913: 8905: 8897: 8889: 8880: 8878: 8868: 8867: 8857: 8856: 8853: 8852: 8849: 8848: 8846: 8845: 8839: 8837: 8833: 8832: 8830: 8829: 8823: 8821: 8817: 8816: 8814: 8813: 8812: 8811: 8799: 8797: 8793: 8792: 8790: 8789: 8784: 8778: 8776: 8772: 8771: 8769: 8768: 8762: 8760: 8756: 8755: 8753: 8752: 8747: 8742: 8737: 8732: 8727: 8722: 8717: 8711: 8709: 8702: 8701: 8699: 8698: 8692: 8690: 8686: 8685: 8683: 8682: 8675: 8673: 8669: 8668: 8666: 8665: 8659: 8657: 8649: 8648: 8638: 8637: 8629: 8628: 8621: 8614: 8606: 8597: 8596: 8594: 8593: 8589: 8587: 8583: 8582: 8579: 8578: 8576: 8575: 8570: 8565: 8560: 8555: 8550: 8544: 8542: 8538: 8537: 8535: 8534: 8529: 8524: 8519: 8514: 8509: 8504: 8499: 8494: 8489: 8484: 8479: 8474: 8468: 8466: 8459: 8455: 8454: 8442: 8441: 8434: 8427: 8419: 8410: 8409: 8406: 8403: 8402: 8400: 8399: 8397:Telesat Canada 8394: 8387: 8382: 8376: 8374: 8370: 8369: 8367: 8366: 8361: 8356: 8351: 8346: 8341: 8336: 8330: 8328: 8322: 8321: 8319: 8318: 8312: 8307: 8301: 8295: 8290: 8284: 8282: 8278: 8277: 8275: 8274: 8268: 8262: 8256: 8250: 8247:Bell Mobile TV 8244: 8237: 8235: 8231: 8230: 8228: 8227: 8222: 8217: 8212: 8204: 8198: 8193: 8188: 8183: 8177: 8171: 8169: 8163: 8162: 8160: 8159: 8153: 8147: 8141: 8135: 8129: 8123: 8117: 8111: 8105: 8099: 8092: 8090: 8084: 8083: 8081: 8080: 8075: 8073:Richard Currie 8070: 8065: 8060: 8055: 8050: 8045: 8040: 8035: 8028: 8026: 8017: 8016: 8009: 8008: 8001: 7994: 7986: 7977: 7976: 7969: 7966: 7965: 7963: 7962: 7957: 7952: 7947: 7942: 7937: 7932: 7927: 7922: 7917: 7912: 7907: 7902: 7896: 7894: 7890: 7889: 7887: 7886: 7881: 7876: 7871: 7866: 7861: 7856: 7851: 7849:Device Manager 7846: 7841: 7836: 7830: 7828: 7824: 7823: 7821: 7820: 7815: 7810: 7804: 7802: 7798: 7797: 7795: 7794: 7789: 7784: 7779: 7774: 7769: 7764: 7758: 7756: 7752: 7751: 7749: 7748: 7742: 7740: 7736: 7735: 7733: 7732: 7727: 7722: 7717: 7712: 7709: 7703: 7701: 7687: 7686: 7677: 7676: 7669: 7662: 7654: 7648: 7647: 7645: 7644: 7638: 7634: 7633: 7621: 7616: 7605: 7604:External links 7602: 7600: 7599: 7592: 7586: 7573: 7567: 7550: 7544: 7531: 7502: 7500: 7497: 7494: 7493: 7463: 7436: 7419:New York Times 7405: 7378: 7351: 7318: 7285: 7252: 7235:"Nortel Netaş" 7225: 7214:on May 5, 2007 7198: 7172: 7155:Gettyimages.ca 7142: 7115: 7084: 7054: 7028: 7001: 6979: 6957: 6928: 6897: 6870: 6838: 6798: 6780: 6762: 6731: 6714:Bloomberg News 6700: 6669: 6652:Cantech Letter 6634: 6604: 6587:Ottawa Citizen 6573: 6542: 6511: 6477: 6446: 6415: 6379: 6348: 6317: 6290:The New Yorker 6276: 6246: 6215: 6189: 6158: 6126: 6096: 6065: 6039: 6022:Ottawa Citizen 6008: 5996:Ottawa Citizen 5982: 5951: 5928: 5902: 5871: 5845: 5819: 5789: 5763: 5746:Ottawa Citizen 5732: 5706: 5680: 5654: 5628: 5601: 5575: 5549: 5519: 5516:. p. C.1. 5514:Ottawa Citizen 5504: 5501:. p. F.1. 5499:Ottawa Citizen 5489: 5472:Ottawa Citizen 5458: 5428: 5402: 5376: 5359:Business2press 5346: 5320: 5294: 5257: 5231: 5205: 5187: 5175:Ottawa Citizen 5161: 5135: 5118:Ottawa Citizen 5104: 5074: 5048: 5017: 4987: 4956: 4931: 4905: 4879: 4849: 4818: 4792: 4761: 4730: 4698: 4681:Jerusalem Post 4668: 4637: 4606: 4573: 4547: 4517: 4491: 4461: 4428: 4398: 4368: 4337: 4306: 4280: 4270: 4240: 4209: 4182: 4152: 4135:Ottawa Citizen 4121: 4091: 4074:Globe and Mail 4061: 4030: 4013:Ottawa Citizen 3997: 3966: 3935: 3917: 3891: 3862: 3832: 3801: 3770: 3740: 3710: 3679: 3645: 3615: 3584: 3554: 3522: 3496: 3465: 3435: 3405: 3379:(4): 327–348. 3356: 3329: 3303: 3282:(1): 181–192. 3262: 3237: 3207: 3188: 3182:. Peter Lang. 3168: 3136: 3106: 3075:(2): 303–355. 3055: 3028: 3021: 3003: 3001:, p. 197. 2991: 2961: 2954: 2936: 2909: 2878: 2866: 2864:, p. 132. 2854: 2824: 2817: 2799: 2781: 2779:, p. 130. 2769: 2757: 2755:, p. 129. 2745: 2738: 2720: 2694: 2658: 2630: 2621: 2619: 2618: 2582: 2575: 2555: 2538: 2529: 2503: 2478: 2451: 2438:Financial Post 2421: 2391: 2364: 2363: 2361: 2358: 2356: 2353: 2350: 2349: 2329: 2328: 2326: 2323: 2321: 2320: 2315: 2310: 2305: 2300: 2295: 2290: 2287: 2282: 2277: 2272: 2267: 2262: 2257: 2252: 2247: 2242: 2236: 2235: 2234: 2220: 2217:Ontario portal 2206: 2192: 2176: 2173: 2172: 2171: 2165: 2159: 2153: 2147: 2144: 2138: 2135: 2129: 2123: 2120: 2117: 2111: 2105: 2099: 2089: 2086: 2082: 2081: 2077: 2076: 2070: 2064: 2063:John D. Watson 2061: 2060:Sherwood Smith 2058: 2053: 2048: 2045: 2042: 2037: 2035:Claude Mongeau 2032: 2025: 2024: 2023: 2021:John P. Manley 2017: 2012: 2007: 2004: 2001: 1996: 1991: 1986: 1980: 1977: 1972: 1969: 1958: 1948: 1945: 1939: 1936: 1935: 1934: 1928: 1922: 1916: 1892: 1889: 1821:North Carolina 1776: 1773: 1728: 1725: 1723: 1720: 1710: 1707: 1674: 1671: 1644: 1641: 1631: 1628: 1603: 1600: 1581:Northern Trust 1573:Diane Urquhart 1568: 1565: 1552: 1549: 1531: 1528: 1526: 1523: 1481:Internet forum 1473:Julian Assange 1462: 1459: 1447: 1444: 1430: 1427: 1411: 1408: 1406: 1403: 1400: 1399: 1397: 1392: 1389: 1388: 1386: 1381: 1378: 1377: 1375: 1369: 1366: 1365: 1363: 1360: 1357: 1356: 1354: 1351: 1348: 1347: 1345: 1342: 1339: 1338: 1336: 1331: 1328: 1327: 1325: 1320: 1317: 1316: 1314: 1311: 1307: 1306: 1304: 1301: 1297: 1296: 1293: 1290: 1284: 1283: 1277: 1272: 1268: 1267: 1265:1 Mbit/s modem 1262: 1259: 1255: 1254: 1251: 1248: 1242: 1241: 1239: 1237: 1233: 1232: 1230: 1228: 1224: 1223: 1221: 1219:Meridian M4020 1216: 1209: 1208: 1206: 1203: 1192: 1191: 1188: 1183: 1173: 1172: 1167: 1164: 1154: 1153: 1147: 1144: 1137: 1136: 1117: 1111: 1104: 1103: 1093: 1090: 1074:local wireless 1048:equipment and 1025: 1022: 868: 865: 824: 821: 819: 816: 764:Gary Kunis as 743:LG Electronics 730: 727: 667: 664: 662: 659: 558: 555: 527: 524: 500: 494: 493: 491: 488: 436: 433: 421:British Empire 344: 341: 316: 313: 269: 266: 264: 261: 189: 188: 167: 161: 160: 157: 147: 145: 141: 140: 137: 133: 132: 119: 115: 114: 95: 91: 90: 88: 87: 82: 76: 74: 70: 69: 62: 57: 54: 53: 48: 44: 43: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 10991: 10980: 10977: 10975: 10972: 10970: 10967: 10965: 10962: 10960: 10957: 10955: 10952: 10950: 10947: 10945: 10942: 10940: 10937: 10935: 10932: 10930: 10927: 10925: 10922: 10920: 10917: 10915: 10912: 10910: 10907: 10905: 10902: 10900: 10897: 10895: 10892: 10890: 10887: 10885: 10882: 10880: 10877: 10875: 10872: 10870: 10867: 10865: 10862: 10860: 10857: 10855: 10852: 10851: 10849: 10834: 10826: 10824: 10816: 10814: 10806: 10804: 10794: 10793: 10790: 10783: 10779: 10777: 10774: 10772: 10769: 10767: 10764: 10762: 10759: 10755: 10752: 10750: 10747: 10746: 10744: 10742: 10739: 10738: 10736: 10732: 10726: 10723: 10721: 10718: 10716: 10713: 10711: 10708: 10706: 10703: 10701: 10698: 10696: 10693: 10691: 10688: 10686: 10683: 10681: 10678: 10677: 10675: 10673: 10669: 10663: 10660: 10658: 10655: 10653: 10650: 10648: 10645: 10643: 10640: 10638: 10635: 10633: 10630: 10628: 10625: 10623: 10620: 10618: 10615: 10613: 10610: 10608: 10605: 10603: 10600: 10599: 10597: 10595: 10591: 10585: 10582: 10580: 10577: 10575: 10572: 10570: 10567: 10565: 10562: 10561: 10559: 10555: 10549: 10548:Code-division 10546: 10544: 10541: 10539: 10536: 10534: 10533:Time-division 10531: 10529: 10526: 10524: 10521: 10520: 10518: 10516: 10512: 10506: 10503: 10499: 10496: 10494: 10491: 10490: 10489: 10486: 10482: 10479: 10478: 10477: 10474: 10472: 10469: 10467: 10464: 10463: 10461: 10459:and switching 10457: 10453: 10445: 10442: 10441: 10440: 10437: 10433: 10430: 10429: 10428: 10425: 10423: 10420: 10418: 10415: 10411: 10410:optical fiber 10408: 10407: 10406: 10403: 10401: 10400:Coaxial cable 10398: 10397: 10395: 10393: 10387: 10381: 10378: 10376: 10373: 10371: 10368: 10366: 10363: 10361: 10358: 10356: 10353: 10351: 10348: 10346: 10343: 10341: 10338: 10336: 10333: 10331: 10328: 10326: 10323: 10321: 10318: 10316: 10315:Radia Perlman 10313: 10311: 10308: 10306: 10303: 10301: 10298: 10296: 10293: 10291: 10288: 10286: 10283: 10281: 10278: 10276: 10273: 10271: 10268: 10266: 10263: 10261: 10258: 10256: 10253: 10251: 10248: 10246: 10243: 10241: 10238: 10236: 10233: 10231: 10228: 10226: 10223: 10221: 10218: 10216: 10213: 10211: 10208: 10206: 10205:Lee de Forest 10203: 10201: 10200:Thomas Edison 10198: 10196: 10193: 10191: 10190:Donald Davies 10188: 10186: 10183: 10181: 10178: 10176: 10175:Claude Chappe 10173: 10171: 10168: 10166: 10163: 10161: 10158: 10156: 10153: 10151: 10148: 10146: 10143: 10141: 10138: 10136: 10133: 10131: 10128: 10126: 10123: 10121: 10118: 10116: 10113: 10111: 10108: 10106: 10103: 10102: 10100: 10096: 10090: 10087: 10085: 10082: 10080: 10077: 10075: 10072: 10068: 10065: 10063: 10060: 10059: 10058: 10055: 10053: 10052: 10048: 10046: 10043: 10040: 10037: 10035: 10032: 10030: 10027: 10025: 10022: 10020: 10019:Smoke signals 10017: 10013: 10010: 10008: 10005: 10003: 10000: 9999: 9998: 9997:Semiconductor 9995: 9991: 9988: 9987: 9986: 9983: 9981: 9978: 9976: 9973: 9971: 9968: 9966: 9963: 9961: 9958: 9956: 9953: 9951: 9948: 9946: 9943: 9939: 9936: 9935: 9934: 9931: 9929: 9926: 9924: 9921: 9919: 9916: 9914: 9911: 9909: 9906: 9904: 9901: 9899: 9896: 9894: 9891: 9889: 9886: 9884: 9881: 9877: 9874: 9872: 9869: 9867: 9864: 9862: 9859: 9858: 9857: 9856:Digital media 9854: 9850: 9847: 9845: 9842: 9840: 9837: 9835: 9832: 9831: 9830: 9827: 9825: 9822: 9820: 9817: 9815: 9812: 9810: 9807: 9805: 9802: 9800: 9797: 9796: 9794: 9792: 9788: 9784: 9777: 9772: 9770: 9765: 9763: 9758: 9757: 9754: 9742: 9739: 9737: 9734: 9732: 9729: 9728: 9725: 9719: 9716: 9714: 9711: 9709: 9706: 9704: 9701: 9697: 9694: 9693: 9692: 9689: 9688: 9686: 9682: 9674: 9671: 9670: 9668: 9665: 9662: 9659: 9656: 9653: 9650: 9647: 9646: 9644: 9640: 9634: 9631: 9629: 9626: 9624: 9621: 9619: 9616: 9614: 9611: 9609: 9606: 9605: 9603: 9597: 9583: 9580: 9578: 9575: 9574: 9572: 9568: 9562: 9559: 9558: 9556: 9550: 9544: 9541: 9539: 9536: 9534: 9531: 9529: 9526: 9524: 9521: 9519: 9516: 9514: 9511: 9509: 9506: 9504: 9501: 9499: 9496: 9495: 9493: 9489: 9479: 9476: 9474: 9471: 9470: 9468: 9464: 9458: 9455: 9453: 9450: 9448: 9445: 9443: 9440: 9438: 9435: 9433: 9430: 9428: 9425: 9423: 9420: 9418: 9415: 9413: 9410: 9409: 9407: 9401: 9394: 9390: 9384: 9381: 9379: 9376: 9374: 9371: 9369: 9366: 9364: 9361: 9359: 9356: 9354: 9351: 9349: 9346: 9344: 9341: 9339: 9336: 9334: 9331: 9329: 9326: 9325: 9323: 9319: 9313: 9310: 9308: 9305: 9303: 9300: 9298: 9297:Bernie Madoff 9295: 9293: 9292:Forex scandal 9290: 9288: 9285: 9281: 9278: 9277: 9276: 9275:Libor scandal 9273: 9272: 9270: 9266: 9260: 9257: 9255: 9252: 9250: 9247: 9245: 9242: 9240: 9237: 9236: 9234: 9230: 9224: 9221: 9217: 9214: 9213: 9212: 9209: 9207: 9204: 9200: 9199:South America 9197: 9195: 9194:United States 9192: 9191: 9190: 9187: 9185: 9182: 9181: 9179: 9175: 9171: 9164: 9159: 9157: 9152: 9150: 9145: 9144: 9141: 9118: 9115: 9113: 9110: 9108: 9105: 9100: 9097: 9092: 9089: 9084: 9081: 9076: 9073: 9072: 9070: 9068: 9064: 9055: 9052: 9047: 9044: 9039: 9036: 9035: 9033: 9031: 9027: 9018: 9015: 9014: 9012: 9010: 9006: 8997: 8994: 8993: 8991: 8989: 8985: 8976: 8973: 8972: 8970: 8968: 8964: 8955: 8952: 8951: 8949: 8947: 8943: 8934: 8931: 8930: 8928: 8926: 8922: 8918: 8909: 8908:Agere Systems 8906: 8901: 8898: 8893: 8890: 8885: 8882: 8881: 8879: 8877: 8873: 8869: 8862: 8858: 8844: 8841: 8840: 8838: 8834: 8828: 8825: 8824: 8822: 8818: 8810: 8806: 8805: 8804: 8801: 8800: 8798: 8794: 8788: 8785: 8783: 8780: 8779: 8777: 8773: 8767: 8764: 8763: 8761: 8757: 8751: 8748: 8746: 8743: 8741: 8738: 8736: 8733: 8731: 8728: 8726: 8723: 8721: 8720:Bell Atlantic 8718: 8716: 8713: 8712: 8710: 8708: 8703: 8697: 8694: 8693: 8691: 8687: 8680: 8677: 8676: 8674: 8670: 8664: 8661: 8660: 8658: 8654: 8650: 8643: 8639: 8635: 8627: 8622: 8620: 8615: 8613: 8608: 8607: 8604: 8591: 8590: 8588: 8584: 8574: 8571: 8569: 8566: 8564: 8561: 8559: 8556: 8554: 8551: 8549: 8546: 8545: 8543: 8539: 8533: 8530: 8528: 8525: 8523: 8520: 8518: 8515: 8513: 8510: 8508: 8505: 8503: 8500: 8498: 8495: 8493: 8490: 8488: 8485: 8483: 8480: 8478: 8475: 8473: 8470: 8469: 8467: 8463: 8460: 8456: 8449: 8440: 8435: 8433: 8428: 8426: 8421: 8420: 8417: 8404: 8398: 8395: 8393: 8392: 8388: 8386: 8383: 8381: 8378: 8377: 8375: 8371: 8365: 8362: 8360: 8357: 8355: 8352: 8350: 8347: 8345: 8342: 8340: 8337: 8335: 8332: 8331: 8329: 8323: 8316: 8313: 8311: 8308: 8305: 8302: 8299: 8296: 8294: 8291: 8289: 8286: 8285: 8283: 8279: 8272: 8269: 8266: 8263: 8261:(northern QC) 8260: 8257: 8254: 8251: 8249:(mobile IPTV) 8248: 8245: 8242: 8239: 8238: 8236: 8232: 8226: 8223: 8221: 8218: 8216: 8213: 8208: 8205: 8202: 8199: 8197: 8194: 8192: 8189: 8187: 8184: 8181: 8178: 8176: 8175:Bell Mobility 8173: 8172: 8170: 8164: 8157: 8154: 8152:(northern ON) 8151: 8148: 8145: 8142: 8140:(northern ON) 8139: 8136: 8133: 8130: 8127: 8124: 8121: 8118: 8115: 8112: 8109: 8108:Bell Internet 8106: 8103: 8100: 8097: 8094: 8093: 8091: 8085: 8079: 8076: 8074: 8071: 8069: 8066: 8064: 8063:Michael Sabia 8061: 8059: 8056: 8054: 8051: 8049: 8046: 8044: 8041: 8039: 8036: 8033: 8030: 8029: 8027: 8025: 8022: 8018: 8014: 8007: 8002: 8000: 7995: 7993: 7988: 7987: 7984: 7974: 7973: 7967: 7961: 7958: 7956: 7953: 7951: 7948: 7946: 7943: 7941: 7938: 7936: 7933: 7931: 7928: 7926: 7923: 7921: 7918: 7916: 7913: 7911: 7908: 7906: 7903: 7901: 7900:FAST Stacking 7898: 7897: 7895: 7891: 7885: 7882: 7880: 7877: 7875: 7872: 7870: 7867: 7865: 7862: 7860: 7857: 7855: 7852: 7850: 7847: 7845: 7842: 7840: 7837: 7835: 7832: 7831: 7829: 7825: 7819: 7816: 7814: 7811: 7809: 7806: 7805: 7803: 7799: 7793: 7790: 7788: 7785: 7783: 7780: 7778: 7775: 7773: 7770: 7768: 7765: 7763: 7760: 7759: 7757: 7755:Voice systems 7753: 7747: 7744: 7743: 7741: 7737: 7731: 7728: 7726: 7723: 7721: 7718: 7716: 7713: 7710: 7708: 7705: 7704: 7702: 7700: 7696: 7692: 7688: 7684: 7683: 7675: 7670: 7668: 7663: 7661: 7656: 7655: 7652: 7643: 7640: 7639: 7636: 7635: 7632: 7628: 7625: 7622: 7620: 7617: 7613: 7608: 7607: 7597: 7593: 7589: 7583: 7579: 7574: 7570: 7568:0-471-64542-7 7564: 7559: 7558: 7551: 7547: 7545:0-385-65918-0 7541: 7537: 7532: 7529: 7528:0-8014-9691-8 7525: 7521: 7517: 7513: 7510: 7509: 7504: 7503: 7481: 7477: 7473: 7467: 7451: 7447: 7440: 7424: 7420: 7416: 7409: 7393: 7389: 7382: 7366: 7362: 7355: 7336: 7329: 7322: 7303: 7296: 7289: 7270: 7263: 7256: 7240: 7236: 7229: 7213: 7209: 7202: 7191:September 12, 7186: 7182: 7176: 7160: 7156: 7152: 7146: 7130: 7126: 7119: 7103: 7099: 7095: 7088: 7072: 7068: 7064: 7058: 7042: 7038: 7032: 7016: 7012: 7005: 6997: 6993: 6989: 6983: 6975: 6971: 6967: 6961: 6942: 6938: 6932: 6916: 6912: 6908: 6901: 6885: 6881: 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5684: 5668: 5664: 5658: 5642: 5638: 5632: 5616: 5612: 5605: 5589: 5585: 5579: 5563: 5559: 5553: 5537: 5533: 5532:Business Week 5529: 5523: 5515: 5508: 5500: 5493: 5477: 5473: 5469: 5462: 5446: 5442: 5438: 5432: 5416: 5412: 5406: 5390: 5386: 5380: 5364: 5360: 5356: 5350: 5334: 5330: 5324: 5308: 5304: 5298: 5291: 5289: 5276: 5272: 5268: 5261: 5245: 5241: 5235: 5219: 5215: 5209: 5201: 5197: 5191: 5176: 5172: 5165: 5149: 5145: 5139: 5123: 5119: 5115: 5108: 5092: 5088: 5084: 5078: 5062: 5058: 5052: 5036: 5032: 5028: 5021: 5005: 5001: 4997: 4991: 4975: 4971: 4965: 4963: 4961: 4945: 4944:National Post 4941: 4935: 4919: 4915: 4909: 4893: 4889: 4883: 4867: 4863: 4859: 4853: 4837: 4833: 4829: 4822: 4806: 4802: 4796: 4780: 4776: 4775:National Post 4772: 4765: 4749: 4745: 4741: 4734: 4718: 4714: 4713: 4708: 4702: 4686: 4682: 4678: 4672: 4656: 4652: 4651:Network World 4648: 4641: 4625: 4621: 4620:Computerworld 4617: 4610: 4594: 4590: 4589: 4588:National Post 4584: 4577: 4561: 4560:National Post 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3340: 3333: 3322:September 12, 3317: 3313: 3307: 3299: 3295: 3290: 3285: 3281: 3277: 3273: 3266: 3251: 3247: 3241: 3225: 3221: 3217: 3211: 3195: 3191: 3189:9789052013701 3185: 3181: 3180: 3172: 3156: 3152: 3151: 3146: 3140: 3124: 3120: 3116: 3110: 3094: 3090: 3086: 3082: 3078: 3074: 3070: 3066: 3059: 3043: 3039: 3032: 3024: 3022:9781586033491 3018: 3014: 3007: 3000: 2995: 2979: 2975: 2968: 2966: 2957: 2955:9780766107052 2951: 2947: 2940: 2924: 2920: 2913: 2897: 2893: 2889: 2882: 2875: 2870: 2863: 2858: 2842: 2838: 2831: 2829: 2820: 2818:9780802067388 2814: 2810: 2803: 2795: 2791: 2785: 2778: 2773: 2766: 2761: 2754: 2749: 2741: 2735: 2731: 2724: 2717: 2716: 2711: 2707: 2704: 2698: 2682: 2678: 2671: 2669: 2667: 2665: 2663: 2655: 2654:0-9692316-0-1 2651: 2647: 2643: 2640: 2634: 2625: 2616: 2612: 2608: 2607: 2597: 2593: 2586: 2578: 2572: 2568: 2567: 2559: 2551: 2550: 2542: 2533: 2517: 2513: 2507: 2491: 2485: 2483: 2466: 2462: 2455: 2439: 2435: 2428: 2426: 2409: 2405: 2401: 2395: 2379: 2375: 2369: 2365: 2346: 2341: 2334: 2330: 2319: 2316: 2314: 2311: 2309: 2306: 2304: 2301: 2299: 2296: 2294: 2291: 2288: 2286: 2283: 2281: 2278: 2276: 2273: 2271: 2270:Busy override 2268: 2266: 2263: 2261: 2258: 2256: 2253: 2251: 2248: 2246: 2243: 2241: 2238: 2237: 2232: 2221: 2218: 2207: 2204: 2203:Canada portal 2193: 2190: 2179: 2169: 2166: 2163: 2160: 2157: 2154: 2151: 2148: 2145: 2142: 2139: 2136: 2133: 2130: 2127: 2124: 2121: 2118: 2115: 2112: 2109: 2106: 2103: 2100: 2097: 2094: 2093: 2092: 2080: 2074: 2071: 2068: 2065: 2062: 2059: 2057: 2054: 2052: 2049: 2046: 2043: 2041: 2038: 2036: 2033: 2031: 2028: 2027: 2026: 2022: 2018: 2016: 2013: 2011: 2008: 2005: 2002: 2000: 1997: 1995: 1992: 1990: 1989:John Cleghorn 1987: 1984: 1981: 1978: 1976: 1973: 1970: 1967: 1964: 1963: 1962: 1961: 1957: 1954: 1944: 1932: 1929: 1926: 1923: 1920: 1917: 1914: 1910: 1906: 1902: 1899: 1898: 1897: 1888: 1885: 1881: 1877: 1876:Latin America 1873: 1868: 1866: 1862: 1858: 1854: 1850: 1846: 1842: 1838: 1834: 1830: 1826: 1822: 1818: 1817:Massachusetts 1814: 1810: 1806: 1802: 1798: 1794: 1790: 1781: 1772: 1770: 1767:(now used by 1766: 1762: 1758: 1754: 1750: 1746: 1742: 1733: 1719: 1716: 1706: 1704: 1700: 1696: 1695:Robert Verdun 1692: 1688: 1684: 1680: 1670: 1660: 1650: 1640: 1637: 1627: 1625: 1624:bill and hold 1621: 1617: 1613: 1609: 1599: 1597: 1586: 1582: 1578: 1574: 1564: 1548: 1545: 1541: 1537: 1522: 1520: 1516: 1511: 1508: 1504: 1499: 1497: 1493: 1488: 1486: 1482: 1476: 1474: 1468: 1458: 1443: 1441: 1436: 1426: 1417: 1414:In 2016, the 1398: 1396: 1393: 1391: 1390: 1387: 1385: 1382: 1380: 1379: 1376: 1373: 1370: 1368: 1367: 1364: 1361: 1359: 1358: 1355: 1352: 1350: 1349: 1346: 1343: 1341: 1340: 1337: 1335: 1332: 1330: 1329: 1326: 1324: 1321: 1319: 1318: 1315: 1312: 1309: 1308: 1305: 1302: 1299: 1298: 1294: 1291: 1289: 1286: 1285: 1282: 1278: 1276: 1273: 1270: 1269: 1266: 1263: 1260: 1257: 1256: 1252: 1249: 1247: 1244: 1243: 1240: 1238: 1235: 1234: 1231: 1229: 1226: 1225: 1222: 1220: 1217: 1214: 1213:Meridian Data 1211: 1210: 1207: 1204: 1201: 1197: 1194: 1193: 1189: 1187: 1184: 1182: 1178: 1175: 1174: 1171: 1168: 1165: 1163: 1159: 1156: 1155: 1151: 1148: 1145: 1142: 1139: 1138: 1134: 1130: 1126: 1122: 1118: 1115: 1112: 1110: 1106: 1105: 1101: 1097: 1094: 1091: 1088: 1087: 1084: 1081: 1079: 1075: 1071: 1067: 1063: 1059: 1055: 1051: 1047: 1043: 1037: 1031: 1021: 1017: 1015: 1012: 1006: 1004: 1000: 996: 992: 988: 984: 980: 974: 972: 967: 965: 961: 957: 953: 948: 944: 942: 937: 933: 928: 925: 921: 917: 913: 909: 905: 901: 897: 893: 889: 885: 881: 877: 873: 864: 862: 858: 854: 850: 844: 842: 838: 834: 830: 815: 811: 809: 805: 801: 795: 792: 788: 785: 781: 777: 773: 769: 767: 763: 759: 758:Cisco Systems 755: 750: 748: 747:joint venture 744: 740: 736: 726: 724: 720: 715: 713: 709: 704: 702: 698: 694: 689: 686: 682: 681:John Cleghorn 678: 673: 658: 656: 652: 648: 643: 641: 640:stock options 637: 636:pension funds 633: 632:stock crashed 629: 625: 620: 618: 614: 610: 606: 602: 598: 593: 590: 587:In 2000, BCE 585: 582: 580: 576: 568: 563: 554: 552: 548: 547:global market 543: 541: 537: 533: 523: 521: 517: 512: 510: 498: 487: 485: 480: 478: 474: 470: 466: 461: 459: 455: 450: 446: 442: 432: 429: 424: 422: 418: 414: 410: 406: 402: 398: 394: 390: 386: 382: 373: 369: 367: 363: 359: 349: 340: 338: 334: 330: 326: 321: 312: 310: 306: 302: 296: 293: 288: 286: 282: 278: 274: 260: 257: 253: 248: 246: 242: 238: 234: 230: 226: 222: 218: 214: 210: 207: 206:multinational 203: 199: 195: 186: 181: 175: 171: 168: 166: 162: 154: 150: 146: 142: 138: 134: 120: 116: 112: 108: 96: 92: 86: 83: 81: 78: 77: 75: 71: 67: 63: 60: 55: 52: 49: 45: 41: 36: 30: 19: 10515:Multiplexing 10390:Transmission 10355:Nikola Tesla 10345:Henry Sutton 10300:Samuel Morse 10230:Robert Hooke 10195:Amos Dolbear 10130:John Bardeen 10049: 10029:Telautograph 9933:Mobile phone 9888:Edholm's law 9871:social media 9804:Broadcasting 8924: 8678: 8632:Spinoffs of 8572: 8389: 8384: 8327:sponsorships 8241:Bell Fibe TV 8191:Lucky Mobile 8078:Robert Pozen 8068:Paul Tellier 8058:Jim Pattison 8038:André Bérard 7970: 7854:VLAN Manager 7681: 7680: 7577: 7556: 7535: 7507: 7486:September 6, 7484:. 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