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A dress code was followed for visitors to enter the palace; those wearing
Tibetan dress were allowed; guards posted at the gates controlled the entry, and ensured that no western hat-wearing people (which was made popular in Tibet during Lhamdo Dhondups time) were allowed inside. Wearing shoes inside the park was banned. Guards at the gate offered a formal arms salute to the nobles and high-ranking officials. Even the officials at the lower category also received a salute. The gates outside the yellow wall were heavily protected. Only the Dalai Lama and his guardians could pass through these gates. Tibetan mastiff dogs kept in niches of the compound walls, and tied with long
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572:(1758–1804) substantially enlarged the palace by adding three temples and the perimeter walls on the south east sector and the park also came to life with plantation of fruit trees and evergreens brought from various parts of Tibet. The garden was well developed with a large retinue of gardeners. To the northwest of Kelsang Phodrong is the Tsokyil Phodrong, which is a pavilion in the midst of a lake and the Chensil Phodrong. On the west side of Norbulingka is the Golden Phodron, built by a benefactor in 1922, and a cluster of buildings which were built during the
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seek asylum in India. As there was a dust storm blowing at that time, he was not recognized. According to
Reuters, “The Dalai Lama and his officials, who had also escaped from the palace, rode out of the city on horses to join his family for the trek to India”. The Chinese discovered this "great escape" only two days later. The party journeyed through the Himalayas for two weeks, and finally crossed the Indian border where they received political asylum. Norbulingka was later surrounded by protesters and subject to an attack by the Chinese.
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631:(thin white scarves offered as a mark of respect), the Snow Lion on the left is accompanied by a lion cub. The mythical Snow Lion is the symbol of Tibet; according to legend they jump from one snow peak to another. Most of the buildings are closed now; have become storehouses or used as offices for those who take care of the maintenance works. Some additional buildings seen now are souvenir kiosks catering to the visitors.
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The
Norbulingka ’s most dramatic area was the Lake Palace, built in the southwest area. In the centre of the lake, three islands were connected to the land by short bridges. A palace was built on each island. A horse stable and a row of four houses contained the gifts received by the Dalai Lamas from
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The entire
Norbulingka complex was delimited by two sets of walls. The area encompassed by the inner wall, painted yellow, was exclusively for the use of the Dalai Lama and his attendants. Officials and the Dalai Lama's royal family lived in the area between the inner yellow wall and the outer wall.
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It was from the
Norbulingka palace that the Dalai Lama escaped to India on 17 March 1959, under the strong belief that he would be captured by the Chinese. On this day, the Dalai Lama dressed like an ordinary Tibetan, and, carrying a rifle across his shoulder, left the Norbulinga palace and Tibet to
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in the lakes. The park was so large and well-laid-out, that cycling around the area was even permitted to enjoy the beauty of the environment. The gardens are a favorite picnic spot, and provide for a beautiful venue for theater, dancing and festivals, particularly the Shodun or 'Yogurt
Festival' at
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Construction of the 'New Palace' was begun in 1954 by the present Dalai Lama, and completed in 1956. It is a double-story structure with a
Tibetan flat roof. It has an elaborate layout with a maze of rooms and halls. This modern complex contains chapels, gardens, fountains and pools. It is a modern
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The 8th Dalai Lama was responsible for many additions to the
Norbulingka complex in the form of palaces and gardens. However, it is sometimes reported that 6th through to 12th Dalai Lamas died young and under mysterious circumstances, conjectured as having been poisoned. Most of the credit for the
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and the
Norbulingka, the Dalai Lama's former summer palace built in the 18th century considered a masterpiece of Tibetan art. The citation states: "preservation of vestiges of the traditional Tibetan architecture". This is viewed in the context of extensive modern development that has taken place
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Norbulingka park is considered the premier park of all such horticultural parks in similar ethnic settings in Tibet. During the summer and autumn months, the parks in Tibet, including the
Norbulingka, become hubs of entertainment with dancing, singing, music and festivities. The park is where the
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The Norbulingka is the "world's highest, largest and best-preserved ancient artificial horticultural garden"., which also blends gardening with architecture and sculpture arts from several Tibetan ethnic groups; 30,000 cultural relics of ancient Tibetan history are preserved here. The complex is
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Built in the 18th century, the Norbulingka Palace and the garden within its precincts have undergone several additions over the years. The vast complex covers a garden area of 3.6 km including 3.4 km of lush green pasture land covered with forests. It is said to be the “highest garden”
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During the reign of the Dalai Lamas (from the 7th Dalai Lama onwards), their annual shifting of residence from the Potala Palace to Norbulingka Palace was also an elaborate festive event. The Dalai Lama used to be escorted in a glittering procession to spend 6 months of the summer season in the
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frescoes, Tibetan carpets, and many other artifacts. Murals of Buddha and the 5th Dalai Lama are seen in some rooms. The 14th Dalai Lama's (who fled from Tibet and took asylum in India) meditation room, bedroom, conference room and bathroom are part of the display and are explained to tourists.
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permitted the Dalai Lama to build a palace at this location for his stay, as a resting pavilion. Since subsequent Dalai Lamas also used to stay here for their studies (before enthronement) and as a summer resort, Norbulingka came to be known as the Summer Palace of the Dalai Lama.
576:'s time. The 13th Dalai Lama was responsible for architectural modifications, including the large red doors to the palace; he also improved the Chensel Lingkha garden to the northwest. To the north of Tsokyil Phodrong is the Takten Migyur Phodrong which was built in 1954 by
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During the Cultural Revolution, the Norbulingka complex suffered extensive damage. However, in 2001, the Central Committee of the Chinese Government in its 4th Tibet Session resolved to restore the complex to its original glory. Grant funds to the extent of 67.4 million
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of Tibet. Over the centuries other opera formats of the 'White Masked Sect' and the "innovative" 'Black Masked Sect' added to the repertoire, and all these forms and subsequent innovations are enacted at the Sho Dun festival. The Chinese observe the holidays of the
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which is "a beautiful example of Yellow Hat architecture. Dalai Lamas watched, from the first floor of this palace, the folk operas held opposite to the Khamsum Zilnon during the Shoton festival. Its fully restored throne room is also of interest."
308:
Norbulingka Palace is situated in the west side of Lhasa, a short distance to the southwest of Potala Palace. Norbulingka covers an area of around 36 hectares (89 acres) and considered to be the largest man-made garden in Tibet.
652:(US$ 8.14 million) were sanctioned in 2002 by the Central Government for restoration work; restoration work beginning in 2003 mainly covered the Kelsang Phodron Palace, the Kashak Cabinet offices and many other structures.
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under Chinese suzerainty in Tibet. The Chinese State Tourism Administration has also categorized Norbulingka at a “Grade 4 A at the National Tourism (spot) level,” in 2001. It was also declared a public park in 1959.
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in 1950, a number of buildings were damaged, but were rebuilt beginning in 2003, when the Chinese government initiated renovation works here to restore some of the damaged structures, and also the greenery, the
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demarcated under five distinct sections. A cluster of buildings to the left of the entrance gate is the Kelsang Phodang (The full name of this palace is "bskal bzang bde skyid pho brang"), named after the
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Tibetan-style building embellished with ornamentation and facilities. In the first floor of this building, there are 301 paintings (frescoes) on Tibetan history, dated to the time when Dalai Lama and the
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from 1755. The Norbulingka Park and Summer Palace were completed in 1783 under Jampel Gyatso, the 8th Dalai Lama, on the outskirts of Lhasa. and became the summer residence during the reign of the
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385:. When construction of the palace was started (during the 7th Dalai Lama's period) in the 1740s, the site was a barren land, overgrown with weeds and scrub and infested with wild animals.
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and is the most elegant palace in the complex, a fusion of a temple and villa. The new summer palace, which faces south, was built with Central Government funds, and completed in 1956.
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the beginning of August, with families camping in the grounds for days, surrounded by colorful makeshift windbreaks of rugs and scarves while enjoying the height of summer weather.
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peak, over a 36 hectares (89 acres) land area. It was built a little away to the west of the Potala for the exclusive use by the Dalai Lama to stay in during the summer months.
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at the Norbulingka grounds with Tibetan music and dance under Government patronage. Tibetans also observe traditional holidays with Tibetan music and dance at this venue.
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troupes from different regions of Tibet perform at the Norbulingka grounds; the first opera troupe was founded in the 15th century by Tangtong Gyelpo, considered the
701:, also spelt Shoton Festival, (popularly known as the "yogurt festival") is an annual festival held at Norbulingka. The date for the festival is set according to the
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The Norbulingka palace has been mostly identified with the 13th and the 14th Dalai Lamas who commissioned most of the structures that still stand today. During the
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The summer residence of the Dalai Lama, located in the Norbulingka Park, is now a tourist attraction. The palace has a large collection of
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The earliest history of Norbulingka is traced originally to a spring at this location, which was used during the summer months by the
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and served both as administrative centre and religious centre. It is a unique representation of Tibetan palace architecture.
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Norbulingka was declared a "National Important Cultural Relic Unit”, in 1988 by the State council. On 14 December 2001,
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as part of the "Historic Ensemble of the Potala Palace". The historic ensemble covers three monuments namely, the
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Norbulingka Palace of the Dalai Lamas was built about 100 years after the Potala Palace was built on the
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There is also a zoo at Norbulingka, originally created to house the animals which were given to the
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The park, situated at an elevation of 3,650 metres (11,980 ft) had flower gardens of
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hair leashes, were the guard dogs that patrolled the perimeter of the Norbulingka.
432:. In its heyday, the Norbulingka grounds were also home to wildlife in the form of
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285:, built from 1755. It served as the traditional summer residence of the successive
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began in 1966, Norbulingka was renamed 'People's Park' and opened to the public.
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are a special attraction held in the Lhasa stadium. During this festival, famed
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The palace, with 374 rooms, is located 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) west of the
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1101:, p. 102. Thubten Samphel and Tendar. Roli & Janssen, New Delhi. (2004).
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Office building of the Preparatory Committee for the Tibet Autonomous Region
1891:
845:"World Heritage Committee Inscribes 31 New Sites on the World Heritage List"
560:(1708–1757). It is a three-storied palace with chambers for the worship of
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Tibet: A Fascinating Look at the Roof of the World, Its People and Culture
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1964:
1398:. Victor Gollancz, London. Paperback reprint: Rupa & Co., India, 1993
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In the footsteps of Gandhi: conversations with spiritual social activists
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Office of the Representative of the Central People's Government in Tibet
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expansion of Norbulingka is given to the 13th and the 14th Dalai Lamas.
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anywhere in the world and has earned the epithet “Plateau Oxygen Bar.”
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341:, Norbulingka means 'Jewel(ed) Garden.' or 'Jewel(ed) Park'. The word
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Memorial Hall Marking the Emancipation of More Than One Million Serfs
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were also reported (but the fruits did not ripen in Lhasa), and also
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713:. The week-long festivities are marked by eating and drinking, with
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Dragon In The Land Of Snows: The History of Modern Tibet since 1947
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period, which corresponds to dates in July/August according to the
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The stables of the Dalai Lamas in Norbulingka, photographed in 1986
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Monks in front of the throne of the Dalai Lamas, Norbulingka. 1938.
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488:. The building of the palace and the park was undertaken by the
277:; literally "Jeweled Park") is a palace and surrounding park in
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Yangbajain Cosmic Ray National Field Scientific Observatory
1149:
Circle of protest: political ritual in the Tibetan uprising
389:
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617:
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The earliest building is the Kelsang Palace built by the
1688:
1123:"Witness: Reporting on the Dalai Lama's escape to India"
293:'s exile in 1959. Part of the "Historic Ensemble of the
1403:
The Power-places of Central Tibet: The Pilgrim's Guide
1269:
The Power-places of Central Tibet: The Pilgrim's Guide
5327:
Major National Historical and Cultural Sites in Tibet
767:
Tibetan family at Sho Dun Festival, Norbulingka, 1993
238:
Front gate to the Dalai Lama's summer residence, 1938
1437:
From Heaven Lake: Travels through Sinkiang and Tibet
1357:
O'Reilly, James; Kim Morris; Larry Habegger (2002).
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the Chinese emperors and other foreign dignitaries.
1405:. Routledge & Kegan Paul, London and New York.
1271:. Routledge & Kegan Paul, London and New York.
791:
Norbulingka. Sho Dun, the 'Yoghurt Festival', 1993.
1227:
1003:
623:On the east gate to the Norbulingka there are two
2354:Lhasa Economic and Technological Development Zone
1152:. Motilal Banarsidass Published. pp. 35–36.
5273:
2380:Tibet University of Traditional Tibetan Medicine
1289:
1287:
1285:
456:build a small movie theater there in the 1950s.
2299:Tibetan Hospital of the Tibet Autonomous Region
2238:Lhasa North and South Mountain Greening Project
1205:
779:Partying at Sho Dun Festival, Norbulingka, 1993
634:
412:in pots and rare plants. Fruit trees including
803:Bathroom of the 14th Dalai Lama at Norbulingka
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1704:
1478:
1282:
3396:Basic points unifying Theravāda and Mahāyāna
2294:People's Hospital of Tibet Autonomous Region
2203:Qinghai-Tibet-Sichuan-Tibet Highway Monument
1350:
368:
1221:
1219:
1217:
1141:
1139:
2621:
2607:
2279:Tibet Himalaya Mountaineering Guide School
1711:
1697:
1485:
1471:
1396:Inside the Treasure House: A Time in Tibet
76:
1117:
1115:
1037:
997:
995:
993:
991:
989:
987:
923:
921:
919:
917:
915:
913:
911:
827:
825:
823:
2400:Lhasa-Beijing Experimental Middle School
1330:. Footprint Travel Guides. p. 702.
1225:
1214:
1145:
1136:
839:
837:
685:
638:
606:
510:
463:
233:
225:
5312:Residential buildings completed in 1783
4583:Banishment of Buddhist monks from Nepal
2304:Tibet Autonomous Region Mass Art Museum
1234:. Greenwood Publishing Group. pp.
1001:
965:
963:
961:
959:
957:
667:, winter palace of the Dalai Lama, the
154:Location within Tibet Autonomous Region
5274:
4786:List of Buddhist architecture in China
2233:Tibet Working People's Cultural Palace
1178:
1172:
1112:
1043:
984:
908:
820:
2602:
1692:
1466:
1415:
1323:
1317:
1073:
834:
2319:Lhasa Mass Culture and Sports Center
1434:
1360:Travelers' Tales Tibet: True Stories
1296:
1067:
954:
883:
1457:. Passport Books. 1988. p. 71.
927:
146:
13:
4573:Silk Road transmission of Buddhism
2476:Tibet Autonomous Region Guesthouse
1504:
1226:Marcello, Patricia Cronin (2003).
1185:. Parallax Press. pp. 18–20.
1053:. Random House. pp. 605–606.
297:", Norbulingka is recognized as a
14:
5343:
5292:Buildings and structures in Lhasa
2208:Consulate General of Nepal, Lhasa
1363:. Travelers' Tales. p. 145.
1125:. Reuters News Agency. 2009-02-27
971:"Norbulingka (the Summer Palace)"
503:to cure his health problems. The
5254:
5244:
5243:
4801:Thai temple art and architecture
4546:Huichang persecution of Buddhism
2786:Iconography in Laos and Thailand
2652:
2639:
2629:
2420:Lhasa 500kV Transmission Project
2314:Tibet Autonomous Region Archives
1815:
1808:
1634:
893:. Cultural China. Archived from
796:
784:
772:
760:
748:
145:
138:
2653:
2274:Tibet Museum of Natural Science
1492:
1261:
1092:
1010:. Bradt Travel Guides. p.
317:or 'Yoghurt Festival' is held.
230:Entrance to Norbulingka in 1938
4791:Japanese Buddhist architecture
4593:Sinhalese Buddhist nationalism
3673:Seven Factors of Enlightenment
2864:Places where the Buddha stayed
2334:Lhasa Donggar Wholesale Market
862:
274:
266:
1:
5322:World Heritage Sites in Tibet
5307:1750s establishments in Tibet
4806:Tibetan Buddhist architecture
2430:One River, Two Rivers Project
808:
611:Guard dog on Norbulingka wall
5317:Tourist attractions in Tibet
4563:Buddhism and the Roman world
4539:Decline of Buddhism in India
4534:History of Buddhism in India
2634: Topics in
2395:Lhasa No.1 Elementary School
2309:Lhasa Comprehensive Pavilion
1146:Schwartz, Ronald D. (1996).
813:
675:
635:Restoration and preservation
289:from the 1780s up until the
7:
5297:Buddhist buildings in Tibet
3761:Twenty-two vows of Ambedkar
3501:
2532:G6 Beijing–Lhasa Expressway
2289:Lhasa Youth Activity Center
1509:Gendun Drup, 1st Dalai Lama
1327:Tibet handbook: with Bhutan
1230:The Dalai Lama: a biography
934:. 五洲传播出版社. pp. 92–94.
10:
5348:
4711:The unanswerable questions
2562:Lhasa River Special Bridge
2517:Yangbajain railway station
2507:Lhasa West railway station
1387:
1179:Ingram, Catherine (2003).
741:
679:
459:
299:UNESCO World Heritage Site
18:
5239:
5191:
5106:
5021:
4796:Buddhist temples in Korea
4719:
4621:
4504:
4201:
4129:
3956:
3829:
3769:
3404:
3359:Chinese Esoteric Buddhism
3270:
3262:Three planes of existence
3210:
3055:
2947:
2877:
2869:Buddha in world religions
2731:
2676:
2648:
2575:
2484:
2438:
2367:
2251:
2193:Potala Palace Inner Stele
2125:
1930:
1824:
1806:
1766:
1738:
1726:
1718:
1643:
1632:
1514:
1502:
1002:Buckley, Michael (2006).
931:Tibet China: travel guide
643:Norbulingka, August, 1993
542:
369:Geography and environment
350:
250:
216:
206:
201:
162:
133:
123:
109:
104:
92:
87:
75:
33:
28:
4578:Persecution of Buddhists
3799:Four stages of awakening
3180:Three marks of existence
2766:Physical characteristics
2512:Wumatang railway station
2198:Lhasa Martyrs' Mausoleum
2178:Monument of Jiangsu Road
2117:Trashi Chöling Hermitage
1099:The Dalai Lamas of Tibet
669:Jokhang Temple Monastery
332:
57:Chinese transcription(s)
38:Tibetan transcription(s)
19:Not to be confused with
5287:Tibetan Buddhist places
3941:Ten principal disciples
2824:(aunt, adoptive mother)
2567:Lhasa Passenger Station
2497:Damxung railway station
2425:Lhasa Converter Station
2368:Education & Science
2339:Tibet Exhibition Center
2183:Treasure of the Plateau
2102:Sera Gönpasar Hermitage
2047:Keutsang East Hermitage
1416:Palin, Michael (2009).
1074:Palin, Michael (2009).
4651:Buddhism and democracy
4164:Tibetan Buddhist canon
4159:Chinese Buddhist canon
3391:Pre-sectarian Buddhism
3386:Early Buddhist schools
2385:Lhasa Teachers College
2097:Sera Chöding Hermitage
1985:Drolma Lhakhang Temple
1510:
1394:Bass, Catriona. 1990.
1324:Dorje, Gyurme (1999).
1304:"China through a Lens"
695:
644:
612:
516:
469:
239:
231:
164:Geographic coordinates
16:Palace in Lhasa, Tibet
4661:Eight Consciousnesses
2771:Life of Buddha in art
2502:Lhasa railway station
2264:Tibetan People's Hall
1940:Architecture of Lhasa
1656:Gelug Yellow Hat sect
1508:
1435:Seth, Vikram (1990).
1401:Dowman, Keith. 1988.
1267:Dowman, Keith. 1988.
689:
680:Further information:
642:
610:
514:
484:, stayed here before
467:
237:
229:
186:29.65389°N 91.09167°E
51:Wylie transliteration
21:Norbulingka Institute
5138:East Asian religions
4568:Buddhism in the West
4139:Early Buddhist texts
3754:Four Right Exertions
3220:Ten spiritual realms
2713:Noble Eightfold Path
2542:Central Beijing Road
2259:Potala Palace Square
1990:Yangpachen Monastery
973:. Travel China Guide
870:"Norbulingka Palace"
738:Norbulingka Palace.
220:1755, completed 1783
5261:Religion portal
5008:Temple of the Tooth
4887:Jaya Sri Maha Bodhi
3926:Upāsaka and Upāsikā
3419:Bodhipakkhiyādhammā
3202:Two truths doctrine
3022:Mahapajapati Gotamī
2822:Mahapajapati Gotamī
2390:Lhasa Middle School
2349:Lhasa Half Marathon
2218:Shirin Dorje Pohang
2163:Hutoushan Reservoir
2107:Sera Utsé Hermitage
2087:Rakhadrak Hermitage
2082:Purbuchok Hermitage
1975:Kundeling Monastery
1649:List of Dalai Lamas
1420:. London: Penguin.
1256:Norbulingka, Lhasa.
1032:Norbulingka, Lhasa.
694:, Norbulingka, 1993
661:World Heritage Site
627:statues covered in
381:on the bank of the
363:Cultural Revolution
271:traditional Chinese
182: /
82:Norbulingka in 2017
5183:Western philosophy
4781:Dzong architecture
4603:Vipassana movement
4598:Buddhist modernism
4026:Emperor Wen of Sui
3794:Pratyekabuddhayāna
3727:Threefold Training
3529:Vipassana movement
3245:Hungry Ghost realm
3065:Avidyā (Ignorance)
3012:Puṇṇa Mantānīputta
2761:Great Renunciation
2756:Eight Great Events
2638:
2439:Hotels & Parks
2252:Culture & Life
2077:Panglung Hermitage
2052:Keutsang Hermitage
2042:Keutsang Hermitage
1825:Towns and villages
1511:
831:Tibet (1986), p.71
711:Gregorian calendar
696:
659:inscribed it as a
645:
613:
585:Seventh Dalai Lama
517:
470:
263:simplified Chinese
240:
232:
191:29.65389; 91.09167
5269:
5268:
4907:Om mani padme hum
4613:Women in Buddhism
4529:Buddhist councils
4399:Western countries
4187:Madhyamakālaṃkāra
3948:Shaolin Monastery
3525:Samatha-vipassanā
3135:Pratītyasamutpāda
2939:Metteyya/Maitreya
2857:
2849:
2841:
2833:
2825:
2817:
2809:
2686:Four Noble Truths
2596:
2595:
2537:North Linkor Road
2329:Tibet Rug Mansion
2324:Lhasa Cinema City
2148:Lhasa Zhol Pillar
2072:Pabonka Hermitage
1995:Drepung Monastery
1804:
1803:
1686:
1685:
1427:978-0-7538-1990-6
1085:978-0-7538-1990-6
1060:978-1-4481-1429-0
755:Norbulingka, 1993
727:Leonardo da Vinci
494:Eighth Dalai Lama
322:invasion of Tibet
224:
223:
53:: Nor bu gling ga
5339:
5332:History of Lhasa
5282:Palaces in Tibet
5259:
5258:
5247:
5246:
5086:Sacred languages
4934:Maya Devi Temple
4897:Mahabodhi Temple
4701:Secular Buddhism
4666:Engaged Buddhism
3506:
3354:Tibetan Buddhism
3305:Vietnamese Thiền
2904:Mahāsthāmaprāpta
2855:
2847:
2839:
2831:
2823:
2815:
2807:
2656:
2655:
2643:
2633:
2623:
2616:
2609:
2600:
2599:
2557:Jinzhu West Road
2547:Norbulingka Road
2461:Banak Shöl Hotel
2375:Tibet University
2359:Lhasa Television
2228:Lhasa Auditorium
2188:Lhasa Racecourse
2112:Takten Hermitage
2067:Nenang Monastery
2062:Negodong Nunnery
2057:Khardo Hermitage
2032:Drakri Hermitage
2027:Chupzang Nunnery
2005:Reting Monastery
1970:Ganden Monastery
1819:
1812:
1736:
1735:
1713:
1706:
1699:
1690:
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1233:
1223:
1212:
1211:Seth, pp.140–141
1209:
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1199:
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902:
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866:
860:
859:
857:
856:
841:
832:
829:
800:
788:
776:
764:
752:
732:Chinese calendar
703:Tibetan calendar
699:Sho Dun Festival
692:Sho Dun Festival
682:Sho Dun Festival
486:he fled to India
352:
276:
268:
252:
247:Standard Tibetan
217:Date established
197:
196:
194:
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192:
187:
183:
180:
179:
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175:
149:
148:
142:
99:Tibetan Buddhism
80:
58:
48:
39:
26:
25:
5347:
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5342:
5341:
5340:
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5337:
5336:
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5270:
5265:
5253:
5235:
5187:
5102:
5017:
4754:Ordination hall
4715:
4617:
4588:Buddhist crisis
4500:
4197:
4149:Mahayana sutras
4125:
4121:Thích Nhất Hạnh
3952:
3825:
3765:
3715:Bodhisattva vow
3400:
3266:
3206:
3165:Taṇhā (Craving)
3100:Five hindrances
3051:
2943:
2873:
2727:
2672:
2644:
2627:
2597:
2592:
2571:
2480:
2456:Cisongtang Park
2434:
2363:
2247:
2173:Labrang Nyingba
2126:Other landmarks
2121:
2010:Sanga Monastery
1932:
1926:
1837:Chundui (Codoi)
1820:
1814:
1813:
1800:
1762:
1731:
1722:
1717:
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1045:Shakya, Tsering
1042:
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1022:
1000:
985:
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955:
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801:
792:
789:
780:
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768:
765:
756:
753:
744:
684:
678:
637:
578:14th Dalai Lama
574:13th Dalai Lama
545:
482:14th Dalai Lama
462:
454:14th Dalai Lama
450:Heinrich Harrer
371:
335:
329:and the lakes.
291:14th Dalai Lama
259:Nor bu gling ga
190:
188:
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176:
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24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5345:
5335:
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5324:
5319:
5314:
5309:
5304:
5302:Parks in Lhasa
5299:
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5284:
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5264:
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5003:
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4872:
4867:
4862:
4852:
4847:
4842:
4837:
4832:
4827:
4822:
4821:
4820:
4818:Greco-Buddhist
4810:
4809:
4808:
4803:
4798:
4793:
4788:
4783:
4778:
4773:
4772:
4771:
4769:Burmese pagoda
4761:
4756:
4751:
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4725:
4723:
4717:
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4714:
4713:
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4605:
4600:
4595:
4590:
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4580:
4575:
4570:
4565:
4560:
4559:
4558:
4551:Greco-Buddhism
4548:
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4521:
4516:
4510:
4508:
4502:
4501:
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4484:United Kingdom
4481:
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4429:Czech Republic
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4213:
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4193:Abhidharmadīpa
4190:
4183:
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4151:
4146:
4141:
4135:
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4111:B. R. Ambedkar
4108:
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4088:
4083:
4078:
4073:
4068:
4063:
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4053:
4048:
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4031:Songtsen Gampo
4028:
4023:
4018:
4013:
4008:
4003:
3998:
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3756:
3746:
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3724:
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3722:
3717:
3712:
3710:Eight precepts
3707:
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3488:
3483:
3481:Five Strengths
3478:
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3356:
3346:
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3329:
3324:
3319:
3314:
3309:
3308:
3307:
3302:
3297:
3292:
3276:
3274:
3268:
3267:
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3259:
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3172:
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3147:
3142:
3137:
3132:
3127:
3122:
3120:Mental factors
3117:
3112:
3107:
3102:
3097:
3092:
3087:
3082:
3077:
3072:
3067:
3061:
3059:
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3024:
3019:
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3009:
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2999:
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2979:
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2972:Mahamoggallāna
2969:
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2887:Avalokiteśvara
2883:
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2866:
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2168:Samdrup Pohang
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2143:Drapchi Prison
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2119:
2114:
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2099:
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2092:Sera Monastery
2089:
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2022:Sera Monastery
2018:
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2000:Ramoche Temple
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1663:Ganden Podrang
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1626:(1935–present)
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570:Jamphel Gyatso
566:8th Dalai Lama
558:Kelsang Gyatso
554:7th Dalai Lama
544:
541:
501:7th Dalai Lama
490:7th Dalai Lama
480:, the present
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438:brahminy ducks
406:chrysanthemums
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327:flower gardens
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5023:Miscellaneous
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4835:Buddha in art
4833:
4831:
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4046:Padmasambhava
4044:
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4019:
4017:
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3982:
3979:
3977:
3974:
3972:
3969:
3967:
3964:
3963:
3961:
3959:
3958:Major figures
3955:
3949:
3946:
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3929:
3927:
3924:
3922:
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3904:Western tulku
3902:
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3706:
3705:Five precepts
3703:
3702:
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3689:
3686:
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3683:Dhamma vicaya
3681:
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3472:
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3464:
3462:
3459:
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3454:
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3451:Buddhābhiṣeka
3449:
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3333:
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3118:
3116:
3113:
3111:
3108:
3106:
3103:
3101:
3098:
3096:
3095:Enlightenment
3093:
3091:
3088:
3086:
3085:Dhamma theory
3083:
3081:
3080:Buddha-nature
3078:
3076:
3073:
3071:
3068:
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3063:
3062:
3060:
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2919:Samantabhadra
2917:
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2907:
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2900:
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2605:
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2588:Jigme Namgyal
2586:
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2415:Lhasa Library
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1527:Gendun Gyatso
1525:
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1446:0-14-013919-2
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1411:0-7102-1370-0
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1370:1-885211-76-7
1366:
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1337:1-900949-33-4
1333:
1329:
1328:
1320:
1305:
1299:
1293:Chinese,p. 93
1290:
1288:
1286:
1278:
1277:0-7102-1370-0
1274:
1270:
1264:
1257:
1247:
1245:0-313-32207-4
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1194:
1192:1-888375-35-3
1188:
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1159:81-208-1370-7
1155:
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1108:
1107:81-7436-085-9
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1021:1-84162-164-1
1017:
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941:7-5085-0374-0
937:
933:
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922:
920:
918:
916:
914:
912:
897:on 2011-07-19
896:
892:
891:"Norbulingka"
886:
872:. Tibet Tours
871:
865:
850:
846:
840:
838:
828:
826:
824:
819:
799:
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693:
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683:
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665:Potala Palace
662:
658:
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632:
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626:
621:
619:
609:
605:
603:
600:met Chairman
599:
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581:
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533:
530:
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521:
513:
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502:
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495:
491:
487:
483:
479:
478:Tenzin Gyatso
475:
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411:
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375:Potala Palace
366:
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318:
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306:
304:
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296:
295:Potala Palace
292:
288:
284:
280:
272:
264:
260:
256:
251:ནོར་བུ་གླིང་ག
248:
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236:
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212:
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63:
59:
52:
47:ནོར་བུ་གླིང་ག
44:
40:
32:
27:
22:
5201:Bodhisattvas
5121:Christianity
5116:Baháʼí Faith
4981:Dharmachakra
4971:Prayer wheel
4961:Prayer beads
4729:Architecture
4608:969 Movement
4392:Saudi Arabia
4370:Central Asia
4363:South Africa
4185:
4168:
4101:Panchen Lama
4006:Buddhapālita
3602:Satipatthana
3597:Mindful Yoga
3510:Recollection
3424:Brahmavihara
3295:Japanese Zen
3290:Chinese Chan
3250:Animal realm
3057:Key concepts
2879:Bodhisattvas
2691:Three Jewels
2552:Jiangsu Road
2269:Tibet Museum
2213:Lhalu Pohang
2037:Garu Nunnery
1954:
1931:Monasteries
1887:Niu New Area
1753:Doilungdêqên
1675:
1454:
1436:
1417:
1402:
1395:
1374:. Retrieved
1359:
1352:
1341:. Retrieved
1326:
1319:
1308:. Retrieved
1298:
1279:, pp. 62–63.
1268:
1263:
1255:
1249:. Retrieved
1229:
1207:
1196:. Retrieved
1181:
1174:
1163:. Retrieved
1148:
1127:. Retrieved
1098:
1094:
1075:
1069:
1049:
1039:
1031:
1025:. Retrieved
1005:
975:. Retrieved
945:. Retrieved
930:
928:安才旦 (2003).
899:. Retrieved
895:the original
885:
874:. Retrieved
864:
853:. Retrieved
851:. 2001-12-13
736:
714:
697:
654:
646:
622:
614:
598:Panchen Lama
594:
590:
582:
550:
546:
526:
522:
518:
505:Qing dynasty
498:
471:
443:
408:and rows of
387:
383:Kyichu River
372:
358:
342:
336:
319:
311:
307:
258:
242:
241:
202:Architecture
5046:Dharma talk
4875:Asalha Puja
4671:Eschatology
4474:Switzerland
4454:New Zealand
4382:Middle East
4291:Philippines
4211:Afghanistan
4016:Bodhidharma
4001:Buddhaghosa
3921:Householder
3831:Monasticism
3784:Bodhisattva
3639:Prostration
3592:Mindfulness
3520:Anapanasati
3503:Kammaṭṭhāna
3300:Korean Seon
3240:Asura realm
3235:Human realm
3175:Ten Fetters
3130:Parinirvana
3032:Uppalavanna
2997:Mahākaccana
2982:Mahākassapa
2914:Kṣitigarbha
2909:Ākāśagarbha
2806:Suddhodāna
2751:Four sights
2678:Foundations
2583:Doje Cezhug
2471:Tibet Hotel
2466:Lhasa Hotel
2153:Tromzikhang
1965:Tsomon Ling
1955:Norbulingka
1933:and palaces
1677:Norbulingka
1618:(1876–1933)
1610:(1857–1875)
1602:(1838–1856)
1594:(1816–1837)
1586:(1805–1815)
1578:(1758–1804)
1570:(1708–1757)
1562:(1683–1706)
1554:(1617–1682)
1546:(1589–1617)
1538:(1543–1588)
1530:(1475–1542)
1522:(1391–1474)
1519:Gendun Drup
1495:Dalai Lamas
1439:. Penguin.
1078:. Penguin.
690:Dancing at
532:chandeliers
452:helped the
446:Dalai Lamas
287:Dalai Lamas
243:Norbulingka
189: /
94:Affiliation
62:Traditional
29:Norbulingka
5276:Categories
5163:Psychology
5143:Gnosticism
5131:Comparison
5126:Influences
5108:Comparison
4991:Bhavacakra
4949:Kushinagar
4924:Pilgrimage
4870:Māgha Pūjā
4825:Bodhi Tree
4641:Buddhology
4631:Abhidharma
4623:Philosophy
4556:Menander I
4424:Costa Rica
4375:Uzbekistan
4216:Bangladesh
4170:Dhammapada
4154:Pali Canon
4116:Ajahn Chah
4096:Dalai Lama
3996:Kumārajīva
3991:Vasubandhu
3966:The Buddha
3874:Zen master
3809:Sakadagami
3789:Buddhahood
3720:Pratimokṣa
3535:Shikantaza
3491:Meditation
3466:Deity yoga
3337:Madhyamaka
3230:Deva realm
3125:Mindstream
3075:Bodhicitta
2987:Aṅgulimāla
2854:Devadatta
2830:Yaśodharā
2733:The Buddha
2723:Middle Way
2576:Government
2158:Nyang bran
1912:Yangbajain
1376:2010-05-29
1343:2010-05-29
1310:2010-05-23
1251:2010-05-29
1198:2010-05-29
1165:2010-05-29
1129:2010-05-03
1027:2010-05-29
977:2010-05-29
947:2010-05-29
901:2010-05-23
876:2010-05-18
855:2010-05-31
809:References
715:Ache Lhamo
602:Mao Zedong
428:trees and
398:hollyhocks
379:Lhasa City
177:91°05′30″E
174:29°39′14″N
67:Simplified
5231:Festivals
5211:Buddhists
5173:Theosophy
4976:Symbolism
4966:Hama yumi
4939:Bodh Gaya
4706:Socialism
4681:Evolution
4656:Economics
4494:Venezuela
4409:Australia
4404:Argentina
4328:Sri Lanka
4323:Singapore
4241:Indonesia
4203:Countries
4144:Tripiṭaka
4106:Ajahn Mun
3981:Nagarjuna
3976:Aśvaghoṣa
3859:Anagārika
3854:Śrāmaṇerī
3849:Śrāmaṇera
3844:Bhikkhunī
3804:Sotāpanna
3693:Passaddhi
3634:Offerings
3609:Nekkhamma
3486:Iddhipada
3406:Practices
3376:Theravada
3349:Vajrayana
3342:Yogachara
3312:Pure Land
3225:Six Paths
3212:Cosmology
2992:Anuruddha
2967:Sāriputta
2957:Kaundinya
2949:Disciples
2924:Vajrapāṇi
2776:Footprint
2741:Tathāgata
2485:Transport
2451:Liwu Park
1748:Chengguan
1732:divisions
1559:Tsangyang
814:Citations
719:yak races
707:Full Moon
676:Festivals
625:Snow Lion
402:marigolds
5249:Category
5178:Violence
5148:Hinduism
5096:Sanskrit
5051:Hinayana
5036:Amitābha
4996:Swastika
4865:Uposatha
4855:Holidays
4840:Calendar
4686:Humanism
4524:Kanishka
4514:Timeline
4338:Thailand
4306:Kalmykia
4301:Buryatia
4286:Pakistan
4271:Mongolia
4266:Maldives
4261:Malaysia
4226:Cambodia
4091:Shamarpa
4086:Nichiren
4036:Xuanzang
3971:Nagasena
3889:Rinpoche
3619:Pāramitā
3461:Devotion
3381:Navayana
3369:Dzogchen
3332:Nichiren
3280:Mahayana
3272:Branches
3150:Saṅkhāra
2899:Mañjuśrī
2856:(cousin)
2848:(cousin)
2816:(mother)
2808:(father)
2796:Miracles
2746:Birthday
2663:Glossary
2636:Buddhism
2138:Chokpori
1945:Lingkhor
1907:Wumatang
1902:Qiannang
1877:Lhünzhub
1852:Gongtang
1842:Dangquka
1776:Lhünzhub
1768:Counties
1740:District
1591:Tsultrim
1418:Himalaya
1076:Himalaya
1047:(2012).
434:peacocks
394:petunias
359:gling ga
110:Location
105:Location
88:Religion
5226:Temples
5206:Buddhas
5168:Science
5158:Judaism
5153:Jainism
5071:Lineage
5031:Abhijñā
5001:Thangka
4944:Sarnath
4929:Lumbini
4850:Funeral
4845:Cuisine
4721:Culture
4696:Reality
4646:Creator
4636:Atomism
4506:History
4479:Ukraine
4439:Germany
4358:Senegal
4348:Vietnam
4276:Myanmar
4076:Shinran
4066:Karmapa
4041:Shandao
4011:Dignāga
3936:Śrāvaka
3916:Donchee
3911:Kappiya
3869:Sayadaw
3839:Bhikkhu
3814:Anāgāmi
3771:Nirvana
3737:Samadhi
3624:Paritta
3565:Tonglen
3560:Mandala
3515:Smarana
3496:Mantras
3444:Upekkha
3414:Bhavana
3364:Shingon
3317:Tiantai
3170:Tathātā
3160:Śūnyatā
3155:Skandha
3145:Saṃsāra
3140:Rebirth
3115:Kleshas
3105:Indriya
3007:Subhūti
2892:Guanyin
2846:Ānanda
2838:Rāhula
2718:Nirvana
2658:Outline
2133:Barkhor
1980:Nechung
1960:Jokhang
1897:Nyêtang
1867:Kunggar
1857:Gyaidar
1847:Donggar
1781:Damxung
1615:Thubten
1607:Trinley
1599:Khedrup
1583:Lungtok
1575:Jamphel
1567:Kelzang
1388:Sources
742:Gallery
529:Italian
474:Parkori
460:History
422:apricot
347:Tibetan
339:Tibetan
315:Sho Dun
313:annual
207:Founder
124:Country
43:Tibetan
5221:Sutras
5216:Suttas
5081:Siddhi
5066:Koliya
5041:Brahmā
4956:Poetry
4902:Mantra
4892:Kasaya
4764:Pagoda
4744:Kyaung
4739:Vihāra
4734:Temple
4676:Ethics
4519:Ashoka
4469:Sweden
4464:Poland
4459:Norway
4449:Mexico
4434:France
4419:Canada
4414:Brazil
4353:Africa
4333:Taiwan
4296:Russia
4221:Bhutan
4181:Vinaya
4061:Naropa
4051:Saraha
3986:Asanga
3742:Prajñā
3651:Refuge
3614:Nianfo
3575:Tertön
3570:Tantra
3555:Ganana
3545:Tukdam
3471:Dhyāna
3439:Mudita
3434:Karuṇā
3327:Risshū
3322:Huayan
3255:Naraka
3195:Anattā
3190:Dukkha
3185:Anicca
3090:Dharma
3042:Channa
2977:Ānanda
2962:Assaji
2929:Skanda
2832:(wife)
2801:Family
2781:Relics
2706:Sangha
2701:Dharma
2696:Buddha
1922:Zhujia
1730:-level
1728:County
1623:Tenzin
1551:Lozang
1543:Yonten
1443:
1424:
1409:
1367:
1334:
1275:
1242:
1189:
1156:
1105:
1082:
1057:
1018:
938:
849:UNESCO
657:UNESCO
629:khatas
562:Buddha
543:Layout
536:Ajanta
430:bamboo
426:poplar
351:གླིང་ག
343:lingka
273::
265::
69:: 罗布林卡
64:: 羅布林卡
5193:Lists
5061:Kalpa
5056:Iddhi
4919:Music
4914:Mudra
4880:Vassa
4860:Vesak
4830:Budai
4776:Candi
4759:Stupa
4691:Logic
4444:Italy
4343:Tibet
4281:Nepal
4251:Korea
4246:Japan
4236:India
4231:China
4176:Sutra
4131:Texts
4081:Dōgen
4071:Hōnen
4056:Atiśa
4021:Zhiyi
3931:Achar
3899:Tulku
3894:Geshe
3879:Rōshi
3864:Ajahn
3819:Arhat
3779:Bodhi
3749:Vīrya
3666:Sacca
3661:Satya
3656:Sādhu
3644:Music
3587:Merit
3580:Terma
3540:Zazen
3476:Faith
3429:Mettā
3110:Karma
3070:Bardo
3037:Asita
3027:Khema
3017:Upāli
3002:Nanda
2840:(son)
2814:Māyā
2791:Films
2668:Index
2015:Yerpa
1917:Zaxoi
1892:Nyêmo
1882:Namco
1872:Leten
1862:Horru
1832:Caina
1786:Nyêmo
1758:Dagzê
1720:Lhasa
1535:Sonam
1238:–44.
1006:Tibet
723:Opera
418:peach
414:apple
410:herbs
390:roses
355:Wylie
333:Names
283:Tibet
279:Lhasa
255:Wylie
128:China
118:Tibet
114:Lhasa
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