Nobel Prize in Literature

1053: 343:, a working group within the Academy comprising four to five members. By April, the committee narrows the field to around 20 candidates. By May, a shortlist of five names is approved by the Academy. The next four months are spent reading and reviewing the works of the five candidates. In October, members of the Academy vote, and the candidate who receives more than half of the votes is named the Nobel laureate in Literature. No one can get the prize without being on the list at least twice; thus, many authors reappear and are reviewed repeatedly over the years. The academicians read works in their original language, but when a candidate is shortlisted from a language that no member masters, they call on translators and oath-sworn experts to provide samples of that writer's work. Other elements of the process are similar to those of other Nobel Prizes. The Swedish Academy is composed of 18 members who are elected for life and, until 2018, not technically permitted to leave. On 2 May 2018, 242: 1392:

withdrawals to five. Because two other seats were still vacant from the Rushdie affair, this left only 11 active members, one short of the quorum needed to vote in replacements. On 4 May 2018, the Swedish Academy announced that the selection would be postponed until 2019, when two laureates would be chosen. It was still technically possible to choose a 2018 laureate, as only eight active members are required to choose a recipient. However, there were concerns that the academy was not in any condition to credibly present the award. The

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confers the prizes for physics, chemistry, and economics, the Karolinska Institute confers the prize for physiology or medicine, and the Swedish Academy confers the prize for literature. The Norwegian Nobel Committee based in Oslo confers the prize for peace. The Nobel Foundation is the legal owner and functional administrator of the funds and serves as the joint administrative body of the prize-awarding institutions, but it is not concerned with the prize deliberations or decisions, which rest exclusively with the four institutions.

6698: 3222:. 'For the last 10 years he has been more angry and vituperative, and that cannot have failed to be noticed.' However, Mr Jenkins insists that, though Pinter's political views may have been a factor, the award is more than justified on artistic criteria alone. 'His dramatic and literary achievement is head and shoulders above any other British writer. He is far and away the most interesting, the best, the most powerful and most original of English playwrights.' 1088:, rejected this sentiment ("In most language areas ... there are authors that really deserve and could get the Nobel Prize and that goes for the United States and the Americas, as well") and acknowledged the Eurocentric nature of the award, saying that, "I think that is a problem. We tend to relate more easily to literature written in Europe and in the European tradition." American critics are known to object that those from their own country, like 1480:. The journalist Hephzibah Anderson has noted that the International Booker Prize "is fast becoming the more significant award, appearing an ever more competent alternative to the Nobel". However, since 2016, the International Booker Prize now recognises an annual book of fiction translated into English. Previous winners of the International Booker Prize who have gone on to win the Nobel Prize in Literature include 1443:"The scandal has elements of a tragedy, in which people who set out to serve literature and culture discovered they were only pandering to writers and the people who hang around with them. The pursuit of excellence in art was entangled with the pursuit of social prestige. The academy behaved as if the meals in its clubhouse were as much an accomplishment as the work that got people elected there." 1384:, the board secretary, hired a law firm to investigate if Frostenson had leaked confidential information and if Arnault had any influence on the Academy, but no legal action was taken. The investigation caused a split within the Academy. Following a vote to exclude board member Frostenson, the three members resigned in protest over the decisions by the Academy. Two former permanent secretaries, 52: 4539: 1488:. The Neustadt International Prize for Literature is regarded as one of the most prestigious international literary prizes, often referred to as the American equivalent of the Nobel Prize. Like the Nobel Prize, it is awarded not for any one work but for an entire body of work. It is frequently seen as an indicator of who may be awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature. 1511:(formerly Prince of Asturias Award) in Letters. During the first years of its existence, it was almost exclusively awarded to writers in the Spanish language, but in more recent times, writers in other languages have been awarded as well. Writers who have won both the Asturias Award in Letters and the Nobel Prize in Literature include 1380:. Arnault was accused by at least 18 women of sexual assault and harassment. He and his wife were also accused of leaking the names of prize recipients on at least seven occasions so friends could profit from bets. He denied all accusations, although he was later convicted of rape and sentenced to two years and six months in prison. 1273:, a member of the Nobel Prize committee and author of the history of the prize, claimed that Joyce's "stature was not properly recognized even in the English-speaking world," but that Joyce doubtless would have been awarded if he had lived in the late 1940s when the Academy began to award literary pioneers like 952:. The club is the Non-Winners of the Nobel Prize in Literature. All these authentically great writers, still alive when the prize, initiated in 1901, was being awarded, didn't win it." Other notable names from the non-western canon who were ignored despite being nominated several times for the prize include 1334:

Membership in the 18-member academy, who select the recipients, is technically for life. Until 2018, members were not allowed to leave, although they might refuse to participate. For members who did not participate, their board seat was left vacant until they died. Twelve active/participating members

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What about the rumours circling around the world about certain people being nominated for the Nobel Prize this year? – Well, either it's just a rumour, or someone among the invited nominators has leaked information. Since the nominations are kept secret for 50 years, you'll have to wait until then to

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sends out requests for nominations of candidates for the Nobel Prize in Literature. Members of the Academy, members of literature academies and societies, professors of literature and language, former Nobel literature laureates, and the presidents of writers' organisations are all allowed to nominate

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amended the rules of the academy and made it possible for members to resign. The new rules also mention that a member who has been inactive in the work of the academy for more than two years can be asked to resign. The members of the Nobel committee are elected for a period of three years from among

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The members of the Norwegian Nobel Committee that were to award the Peace Prize were appointed shortly after the will was approved. The prize-awarding organisations followed: the Karolinska Institutet on 7 June, the Swedish Academy on 9 June, and the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences on 11 June. The

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said a reform of the rules may be evaluated, including the introduction of the right to resign in respect of the current lifelong membership of the committee. On 5 March 2019, it was announced that the Nobel Prize in Literature would once again be awarded, and laureates for both 2018 and 2019 would

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undoubtedly make him one of the more controversial figures to be awarded this prestigious honour. Indeed, the Nobel academy's decision could be read in some quarters as a selection with an inescapably political element. 'There is the view that the Nobel literature prize often goes to someone whose

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ascribed the never-ending controversy surrounding the decisions of the Nobel Committee to the "essential silliness of the prize and our own foolishness at taking it seriously" and noted that "eighteen (or sixteen) Swedish nationals will have a certain credibility when weighing up works of Swedish

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in 1917 were, in fact, both results of compromises. The Academy has also hesitated to divide the prize between two authors, as a shared prize runs the risk of being regarded as only half a laurel. Shared prizes are exceptional, and more recently, the Academy has awarded a shared prize on only two

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1,100,000), previously it was kr 10,000,000. This was not the first time the prize amount was decreased—beginning with a nominal value of kr 150,782 in 1901 (worth 8,123,951 in 2011 SKr) the nominal value has been as low as kr 121,333 (2,370,660 in 2011 SKr) in 1945—but it has been

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Each Nobel Prize consists of a gold medal, a diploma bearing a citation, and a sum of money, the amount of which depends on the income of the Nobel Foundation. (A sum of $ 1,300,000 accompanied each prize in 2005.) A Nobel Prize is either given entirely to one person, divided equally between two

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After Nobel's death, the Nobel Foundation was set up to carry out the provisions of his will and to administer his funds. In his will, he had stipulated that four different institutions—three Swedish and one Norwegian—should award the prizes. From Stockholm, the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences

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is sometimes referred to as "the Little Nobel". The award has earned this appellation since, in a similar manner to the Nobel Prize in Literature, it recognises the lifetime achievement of writers, though the Andersen Award focuses on a single category of literary works (children's literature).

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Although the Nobel Prize in Literature has become the world's most prestigious literature prize, the Swedish Academy has attracted significant criticism for its handling of the award. Many authors who have won the prize have fallen into obscurity, while others rejected by the jury remain widely

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The Nobel Prize in Literature has been awarded 116 times between 1901 and 2023 to 120 individuals: 103 men and 17 women. The prize has been shared between two individuals on four occasions. It was not awarded on seven occasions. The laureates have included writers in 25 different languages. The

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Between the years 1901 and 1950, around 20 to 35 nominations were usually received each year. Today thousands of requests are sent out each year, and as of 2011 about 220 proposals were returned. These proposals must be received by the Academy by 1 February, after which they are examined by the

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On 10 April, Danius was asked to resign from her position by the Academy, bringing the number of empty seats to four. Although the Academy voted against removing Katarina Frostenson from the committee, she voluntarily agreed to withdraw from participating in the academy, bringing the total of

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or medicine, and literature. Although Nobel wrote several wills during his lifetime, the last was written a little over a year before he died, and it was signed at the Swedish-Norwegian Club in Paris on 27 November 1895. Nobel bequeathed 94% of his total assets, 31 million

355:. In the midst of controversy surrounding claims of sexual assault, conflict of interest, and resignations by officials, on 4 May 2018, the Swedish Academy announced that the 2018 laureate would be announced in 2019 along with the 2019 laureate. Some years, such as in 678:

have been awarded, but the policy of "a prize for the whole world" has been less noticeable as the Academy has mostly awarded European and English-language writers from the Western literary tradition. In 2015, a rare prize to a non-fiction writer was awarded to

375:, and a sum of money. The amount of money awarded depends on the income of the Nobel Foundation that year. The literature prize can be shared between two, but not three, laureates. If a prize is awarded jointly, the prize money is split equally between them. 237:(1839–1907) was the first person to be awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature, "in special recognition of his poetic composition, which gives evidence of lofty idealism, artistic perfection, and a rare combination of the qualities of both heart and intellect." 3208:

Few people would deny Harold Pinter is a worthy recipient of the 2005 Nobel Prize in Literature. As a poet, screenwriter and author of more than 30 plays, he has dominated the English literary scene for half a century. However, his outspoken criticism of US

1081:, then the permanent secretary of the Academy, declared that "Europe still is the centre of the literary world" and that "the US is too isolated, too insular. They don't translate enough and don't really participate in the big dialogue of literature." 1153:"So no American this year, yet again. Why is that?", Englund reminded Americans of the Canadian origins of the previous year's recipient, the Academy's desire for literary quality and the impossibility of rewarding everyone who deserves the prize. 614:. During this era, "the greatest benefit on mankind" was interpreted in a more exclusive and generous way than before. Since the 1970s, the Academy has often given attention to important but internationally unnoticed writers, awarding writers like 691:

The Nobel Prize in Literature can be shared between two individuals. However, the Academy has been reluctant to award shared prizes, mainly because divisions are liable to be interpreted as a result of a compromise. The shared prizes awarded to

4075: 1135:, permanent secretary of the Swedish Academy Peter Englund said the prize was not decided based on politics, describing such a notion as "literature for dummies." The Swedish Academy awarded the next two prizes to non-Europeans, Chinese author 4908: 1237:, were repeatedly bypassed by the committee, but Strindberg holds the singular distinction of being awarded an Anti-Nobel Prize, conferred by popular acclaim and national subscription and presented to him in 1912 by future prime minister 557:

Alfred Nobel's guidelines for the prize, stating that the candidate should have bestowed "the greatest benefit on mankind" and written "in an idealistic direction," have sparked much discussion. In the early history of the prize, Nobel's

485:. Each diploma is uniquely designed by the prize-awarding institutions for the laureate who receives it. The diploma contains a picture and text that states the name of the laureate and normally a citation of why they received the prize. 578:, there was a policy of neutrality, which partly explains the number of awards to Scandinavian writers. In the 1920s, "idealistic direction" was interpreted more generously as "wide-hearted humanity," leading to awards for writers like 4959: 4883: 1452:

be announced together. The decision came after several changes were made to the structure of the Swedish Academy as well as to the Nobel Committee members selection, in order to " trust in the Academy as a prize-awarding institution".

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Nominations are kept secret for fifty years until they are publicly available at The Nomination Database for the Nobel Prize in Literature. Currently, only nominations submitted between 1901 and 1973 are available for public viewing.

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Nominated candidates are usually considered by the Nobel committee for years, but it has happened on a number of occasions that an author have been instantly awarded after just one nomination. Apart from the first laureate in 1901,

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established by the will of Alfred Nobel in 1895. Literature is traditionally the final award presented at the Nobel Prize ceremony. On some occasions, the award has been postponed to the following year, most recently in 2018.

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but was rejected several times, especially in 1954 and 1955, "so long as he does not come back to novel." Thus, Camus was awarded the prize in 1957. Malraux was again considered in 1969 when he was competing with

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was nominated for the prize twenty-six times between the years 1950 and 1971. Greene was a celebrated candidate to be awarded the prize in the 1960s and 1970s, and the Academy was criticised for passing him over.

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was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature nineteen times between 1961 and 1971, and was among the final candidates for the prize several times, but the Academy favoured other writers. In 1964 Auden and

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in particular, has been the subject of criticism, even from Swedish newspapers. The majority of laureates have been European, with Sweden itself receiving more prizes (8) than all of Asia (7, if Turkish

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From 1986, the Academy acknowledged the international horizon in Nobel's will, which rejected any consideration of the nationality of the candidates, and awarded authors from all over the world, such as

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Former recipients of the Nobel Prize in Literature are allowed to nominate their candidates for the prize and sometimes their proposals have subsequently been awarded the prize. The 1912 laureate

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198 million, €176 million in 2016), to establish and endow the five Nobel Prizes. Due to the level of scepticism surrounding the will, it was not until 26 April 1897 that the

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Nobel Prize Laureates in Literature are awarded for the author's life work, but on some occasions, the Academy has singled out a specific work for particular recognition. For example,

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poetry were revealed above all in the unpublished poems that his wife saved from extinction and gave to the world long after he had perished in his Siberian exile." British novelist

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was elected a member of the Swedish Academy in 1914, five years after she was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1909. Three writers have declined the prize, Erik Axel Karlfeldt in 1919,

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were the leading candidates, and the Academy favoured Sartre as Auden's best work was thought "too far back in time." In 1967 Auden was one of three final candidates along with

311:. According to Nobel's will, the prize in literature should be determined by "the Academy in Stockholm", which was specified by the statutes of the Nobel Foundation to mean the 3950: 1789: 5062: 4989: 4928: 2260: 562:" was read as "a lofty and sound idealism." The set of criteria, characterised by its conservative idealism, holding church, state, and family sacred, resulted in prizes for 2363: 2576:

persons, or shared by three persons. In the latter case, each of the three persons can receive a one-third share of the prize or two together can receive a one-half share.

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literature, but what group could ever really get its mind round the infinitely varied work of scores of different traditions. And why should we ask them to do that?"

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in 1937 "for the artistic power and truth with which he has depicted human conflict as well as some fundamental aspects of contemporary life in his novel-cycle

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The Nobel Prize in Literature is not the only literary prize for which all nationalities are eligible. Other notable international literary prizes include the

1116:, previously little-known outside Germany but many times named favourite for the Nobel Prize, re-ignited the viewpoint that the Swedish Academy was biased and 424:. The reverse of the medal depicts a 'young man sitting under a laurel tree who, enchanted, listens to and writes down the song of the Muse'. It is inscribed " 1360:, decided to remain in the academy but later refused to participate in their work and resigned in 2005 in protest of the Nobel Prize in Literature awarded to 4558: 2825: 2174: 4003: 3885: 351:

The award is usually announced in October. Sometimes, however, the award has been announced the year after the nominal year, the latest such case being the

3469: 2555: 2394: 5215: 4098: 3418:. But Mr England (sic) dismissed the notion that there was a political dimension to the prize; such an approach, he said, was "literature for dummies"." 263:

stipulated in his last will and testament that his money be used to create a series of prizes for those who confer the "greatest benefit on mankind" in

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was nominated for the prize several times, but the Academy did not award it to him, though he was among the final candidates some years in the 1960s.

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in 1958 ("Accepted first, later caused by the authorities of his country (Soviet Union) to decline the Prize", according to the Nobel Foundation) and

5047: 4954: 4875: 4606: 3907: 3370: 2743: 2531: 3749: 2970: 2845: 3680: 2944: 2918: 2888: 1504:(1990 Neustadt, 2011 Nobel) were first awarded the Neustadt International Prize for Literature before being awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature. 4342: 4318: 2420: 303:

Nobel Foundation then reached an agreement on guidelines for how the Nobel Prize should be awarded. In 1900, the Nobel Foundation's newly created

5057: 4984: 4739: 4225: 3403: 2781: 209:). Though individual works are sometimes cited as being particularly noteworthy, the award is based on an author's body of work as a whole. The 4854: 2650: 2082: 395: 1849: 1682: 4789: 4724: 4709: 4687: 4172: 4044: 3614: 2716: 4291: 4839: 3000: 2132: 359:, no candidate received the required majority of the votes, and for that reason, the prize was postponed and announced the following year. 3840: 2221: 5040: 4938: 4729: 3697: 1718: 1461: 1400:

or the Swedish Academy, was created as an alternative award for 2018 only. The first and only New Academy Prize in Literature was won by

3859: 3654: 3292: 5128: 5116: 4774: 4764: 2618: 2504: 987:'s interpretation has varied over the years. In recent years, this means a kind of idealism championing human rights on a broad scale. 2474: 2286: 6733: 4898: 4508: 4435: 3940: 2052: 1777: 1189:." There are omissions which are beyond the control of the Nobel Committee such as the early death of an author as was the case with 1656: 2257: 3347: 3195: 2355: 1879: 5208: 4933: 2803: 2332: 1955: 6728: 4651: 4462: 4419: 197:

that is awarded annually, since 1901, to an author from any country who has, in the words of the will of Swedish industrialist

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In April 2018, three members of the academy board resigned in response to a sexual misconduct investigation involving author

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Nobel's "vague" wording for the criteria for the prize has led to recurrent controversy. In the original Swedish, the word

4410: 3429: 2191: 4893: 4596: 3805: 2588: 1823: 1364:. According to Ahnlund, the decision to award Jelinek ruined the worth of the Nobel Prize in Literature for a long time. 590:. In the 1930s, "the greatest benefit on mankind" was interpreted as writers within everybody's reach, with authors like 1928: 6718: 5201: 4859: 4824: 4674: 4601: 3130: 1247:

was nominated twelve times between 1930 and 1945 but died just as the Academy intended to award him the prize in 1945.

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In the history of the Nobel Prize in Literature, many critical literary figures were ignored. The literary historian

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in literary disguise", whose judges are prejudiced against authors with political tastes different from theirs.

916:, Joseph Epstein wrote, "You might not know it, but you and I are members of a club whose fellow members include 299:

and Rudolf Lilljequist, who formed the Nobel Foundation to take care of Nobel's fortune and organise the prizes.

3581:. Lincoln, Neb.: Univ. of Nebraska Press in cooperation with the American-Scandinavian Foundation. p. 271. 1005:, assessed the literary quality of a work in relation to its contribution to humanity's pursuit of the "ideal." 996: 6670: 6659: 6648: 6637: 6615: 6604: 6593: 6582: 6571: 6560: 6549: 6538: 6527: 6516: 6505: 6494: 6483: 6472: 6461: 6450: 6439: 6428: 6417: 6406: 6384: 6373: 6362: 6351: 6340: 6329: 6318: 6307: 6296: 6285: 6274: 6263: 6252: 6241: 6230: 6219: 6208: 6197: 6186: 6175: 6153: 6142: 6131: 6120: 6109: 6098: 6083: 6072: 6061: 6050: 6039: 6028: 6017: 6006: 5991: 5980: 5968: 5957: 5946: 5935: 5913: 5902: 5891: 5880: 5869: 5858: 5847: 5836: 5825: 5814: 5803: 5792: 5781: 5770: 5759: 5748: 5737: 5729: 5720: 5711: 5691: 5679: 5668: 5657: 5646: 5638: 5626: 5615: 5604: 5588: 5577: 5566: 5555: 5544: 5533: 5522: 5511: 5500: 5489: 5478: 5456: 5445: 5437: 5421: 5410: 5399: 5391: 5379: 5368: 5357: 5346: 5335: 5324: 5313: 5302: 5291: 5276: 5265: 5254: 5243: 5164: 5106: 4784: 4759: 4754: 4714: 4656: 4646: 4641: 2386: 1254: 1041: 1037: 1033: 1029: 356: 352: 164: 155: 146: 4090: 3317: 5096: 4814: 4809: 4699: 4631: 3219: 1573: 984: 446:. A plate below the figures is inscribed with the name of the recipient. The text "ACAD. SUEC." denoting the 340: 3164: 3099: 1165:

admitted that "as to the early prizes, the censure of bad choices and blatant omissions is often justified.

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receiving recognition. From 1946, a renewed Academy changed focus and began to award literary pioneers like

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for the prize. Some members of the Nobel committee supported a prize to Malraux, but Beckett was awarded.

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in South America, a generally well-regarded decision. When the 2011 prize was awarded to the Swedish poet

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The prize money of the Nobel Prize has been fluctuating since its inauguration but as of 2012 it stood at

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Modernism in European drama : Ibsen, Strindberg, Pirandello, Beckett : essays from Modern drama

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There are also prizes for honouring the lifetime achievement of writers in specific languages, like the

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The scandal was widely seen as damaging to the credibility of the prize and its authority. As noted by

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Although several Scandinavians were awarded, two of the most celebrated writers, Norwegian playwright

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political stance is found to be sympathetic at a given moment,' said Alan Jenkins, deputy editor of

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in Nomination FAQ – Frequently Asked Questions about the Nomination and Selection of Nobel Laureates

6738: 4503: 4482: 4422:– Featured link in "The Nobel Prize Award Ceremonies" on the official site of the Nobel Foundation. 1648: 957: 6010: 4034: 1323: 1112:, while in their place Europeans lesser-known to that continent have triumphed. The 2009 award to 5873: 5328: 4565: 4547: 3434: 3031: 1612: 1607: 1597: 1182: 1149: 788: 779: 505:, who was 41 years old when he was awarded in 1907. The oldest laureate to receive the prize was 4283: 2129: 1550:

are the only writers to have received both the America Award and the Nobel Prize in Literature.

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has expressed skepticism that it is possible for "Swedish professors ... compar a poet from

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The academy announces the name of the laureate in early October. It is one of the five

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the members of the academy and are assisted by specially appointed expert advisers.

6443: 6212: 5972: 5917: 5851: 5807: 5796: 5752: 5630: 5159: 5086: 2747: 2712: 2012: 1627: 1422: 1397: 1361: 1315: 1238: 949: 896: 853: 849: 841: 774: 759: 693: 627: 611: 546: 245: 194: 186: 6366: 6065: 1543: 1295: 791:, he has given expression to a historic phase in the life of the Russian people". 6553: 6289: 6201: 6146: 6102: 6091: 5961: 5895: 5608: 5317: 5258: 5247: 5091: 4346: 4039: 3863: 3844: 3806:"In Nobel Scandal, a Man Is Accused of Sexual Misconduct. A Woman Takes the Fall" 3753: 3730: 3704: 3684: 3661: 3407: 3296: 2862: 2849: 2829: 2559: 2264: 2178: 2136: 2111: 2002: 1959: 1785: 1745: 1465: 1339: 1259: 1218: 1214: 1178: 1144: 1097: 821: 817: 754: 722: 647: 619: 567: 559: 542: 534: 518: 502: 458: 447: 387:

uphill or stable since then, peaking at an SKr-2011 value of 11,659,016 in 2001.

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was seriously considered for the prize in the 1950s. Malraux was competing with

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in 1954 "for his mastery of the art of narrative, most recently demonstrated in

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in 1932 "for his distinguished art of narration which takes its highest form in

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Burton Feldman: The Nobel Prize: A History of Genius, Controversy and Prestige

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dealing with the history of the award by decade, from the 1900s to the 2000s.

4429: 2589:"The Size of the Nobel Prize Is Being Reduced to Safeguard Long-Term Capital" 1617: 1539: 1520: 1319: 1287: 1270: 1202: 1194: 1190: 1162: 1085: 1074: 953: 937: 925: 880: 825: 667: 655: 651: 623: 599: 506: 421: 379: 281: 92: 5939: 5774: 1014: 888: 603: 207:

den som inom litteraturen har producerat det utmärktaste i idealisk riktning

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Later, the prize has often been controversial due to the Swedish Academy's

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Akademien väljer helst en europé (The Academy prefers to pick a European)

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were not published until after their deaths, and the true dimensions of

783:; and for the influence that he has exerted on contemporary style"; and 201:, "in the field of literature, produced the most outstanding work in an 5619: 5350: 4203:"Nobel Prize-awarding Swedish Academy weighs reforms after controversy" 1405: 1186: 1018: 929: 876: 845: 829: 595: 571: 470: 462: 454: 368: 276: 4004:"Sexual Misconduct Claim Spurs Nobel Members to Step Aside in Protest" 1818:[Previously: The crisis in the Swedish Academy in 3 minutes]. 1342:, resigned in protest after the academy refused to denounce Ayatollah 390:

The laureate is also invited to give a lecture during "Nobel Week" in

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choices of laureates, or for political reasons, as seen in the years

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were rejected in favour of authors who mostly are little read today.

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Det litterära nobelpriset: principer och värderingar bakom besluten

3709: 3655:"Nabokov, Neruda and Borges revealed as losers of 1965 Nobel prize" 3309: 2356:"Kungen: Det är nu Akademiens ansvar att vidta nödvändiga åtgärder" 1746:"Nobel Prize for Literature postponed amid Swedish Academy turmoil" 973: 372: 295:(Norwegian Parliament) approved it. The executors of his will were 4414: 3615:"The Nobel Prize in Literature: Nominations and reports 1901–1950" 1073:

is included), as well as all of Latin America (7, if Saint Lucian

229: 1338:

In 1989, three members, including the former permanent secretary

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in 1965 "for the artistic power and integrity with which, in his

453:

Between 1902 and 2010, the Nobel Prize medals were struck by the

304: 264: 3943:[Jean-Claude Arnault sentenced to two years in prison]. 1147:'s win in 2014 renewed questions of Eurocentrism; when asked by 990: 465:. In 2011, the medals were made by the Det Norske Myntverket in 6531: 4440: 4122:"Four writers shortlisted for 'the new Nobel Literature Prize'" 3642:

The Nobel Prize: A History of Genius, Controversy, and Prestige

3062:

The Nobel Prize: A History of Genius, Controversy, and Prestige

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The Legacy of Alfred Nobel – The Story Behind the Nobel Prizes

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Literature over the years, the latter becoming the norm today)

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Nobel Memorial Prize (not one of the original Nobel Prizes).

4411:

Evolution of National Nobel Prize Shares in the 20th Century

4340:

Maori writer this year's Neustadt International Prize winner

4284:"Man Booker Independent International Foreign Fiction Prize" 4397:

Graphics: National Literature Nobel Prize shares 1901–2009

3878:"The Nobel Prize for Literature Is a Scandal All by Itself" 3421: 3310:"The Nobel Committee has no clue about American literature" 1816:"Detta har hänt: Krisen i Svenska Akademien – på 3 minuter" 1128: 960:. The prize has "become widely seen as a political one – a 4091:"Why There Won't Be a Nobel Prize in Literature This Year" 1921:"The Nobel Foundation and its Role for Modern Day Science" 1367: 1001:

From 1901 to 1912, the committee, led by the conservative

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in 1931. On some occasions, the awarding institution, the

288: 3547: 3520: 1100:, have been overlooked, as have Latin Americans such as 666:, the first laureate to write in Chinese. In the 2000s, 552: 131: 2001:

Levinovitz, Agneta Wallin (2001). Nils Ringertz (ed.).

1060:

was the first African-born writer to receive the award.

972:, perhaps translated into English with a novelist from 4365:. Central Connecticut State University. Archived from 3554:. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press. p. 189. 3521:

Innes, Christopher; Frederick J. Marker, eds. (1998).

1846:"History – Historic Figures: Alfred Nobel (1833–1896)" 1534:

presents itself as an alternative to the Nobel Prize.

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Alternative Nobel literature prize planned in Sweden

2444:"Avgörande ögonblick: När tvivlet kom till Akademien" 3604:, Albert Bonniers förlag 1989, page 150 (in Swedish) 3551:

Strindberg on drama and theatre : a source book

3527:. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. p. xi. 1557:(for Spanish language, established in 1976) and the 1177:

should have been rewarded instead of, for instance,

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in 1916, the posthumous prize to Karlfeldt in 1931,

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Nobel laureates receive a diploma directly from the

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a candidate. It is not allowed to nominate oneself.

3430:"So no American this year, yet again. Why is that?" 3428:Grundberg, Sven; Hansegard, Jens (9 October 2014). 2638: 2636: 2256:(President of The Nobel Committee for Literature), 1156: 248:telegram in 1954 (the academy has alternately used 4065: 4037:[Sara Danius leaves the Swedish Academy]. 3939:Malmgren, Kim; Wikström, Mattis (1 October 2018). 3803: 3427: 3059: 1593:List of nominees for the Nobel Prize in Literature 325:List of nominees for the Nobel Prize in Literature 4173:"The ugly scandal that cancelled the Nobel prize" 3496:"What's Wrong With the Nobel Prize in Literature" 3459: 3457: 3100:"What's Wrong With the Nobel Prize in Literature" 1388:and Horace Engdahl, called Danius a weak leader. 1330:Controversies about Swedish Academy board members 899:was nominated several times by the 1948 laureate 728: 469:. The medals have been made by Svenska Medalj in 318: 6710: 3941:"Jean-Claude Arnault döms till två års fängelse" 3938: 3237:The Oxford Handbook of Philosophy and Literature 2633: 2546: 2378: 2323:"3 judges quit Nobel literature prize committee" 213:decides who, if anyone, will receive the prize. 4226:"Nobel Prize in Literature to be awarded again" 4223: 4089:Christina Anderson; Palko Karasz (2 May 2018). 3548:Törnqvist, Egil; Birgitta Steene, eds. (2007). 1996: 1994: 1708: 1455: 1269:– but Joyce was never nominated for the prize. 4253:"Alice Munro: The mistress of all she surveys" 3454: 3371:"Herta Mueller Wins Nobel Prize in Literature" 2771: 2769: 2703: 2701: 2699: 2697: 2192:"Nomination for the Nobel Prize in Literature" 2123: 1962:, Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 6 November 2007. 1047: 737:was awarded in 1920 "for his monumental work, 5209: 4456: 3162: 2607: 1771: 1769: 1767: 1253:wrote the books that rank 1st and 3rd on the 991:Controversies about Nobel laureate selections 883:(awarded in 1946) in 1931, the 1951 laureate 367:A Literature Nobel Prize laureate receives a 4394:– Official webpage of the Nobel Foundation. 4170: 3799: 3797: 3795: 3793: 3791: 3789: 3787: 2941:"Nomination Archive - Pär Fabian Lagerkvist" 2320: 2273:, 22 December 2011. Retrieved December 2011. 2172:Kjell Espmark: The Nobel Prize in Literature 1991: 1704: 1702: 1700: 1439:in a lengthy deconstruction of the scandal: 521:, has awarded the prize to its own members; 412:The literature medal features a portrait of 5175:Prizes known as the "Nobel" of their fields 3158: 3156: 2766: 2738: 2736: 2734: 2694: 2493: 2249: 2247: 2245: 2243: 2241: 2239: 2120:(5 October 2009): accessed 20 January 2010. 1965: 1462:Neustadt International Prize for Literature 997:Nobel Prize controversies § Literature 431: 425: 5216: 5202: 5129:Nobel Assembly at the Karolinska Institute 4463: 4449: 3965: 3401:"Sweden's 'buzzard' poet wins Nobel Prize" 3189: 3027:"The Nobel Prize For Political Literature" 2668: 2472: 2281: 2279: 2167: 2165: 2163: 2161: 2000: 1864: 1764: 1740: 1738: 1736: 1671: 747:in 1929 "principally for his great novel, 658:, the first African-American on the list, 433:inventas aut qui vitam excoluere per artes 50: 4947: 4574: 3971: 3932: 3875: 3838:När Tegnér tänkte lämna Svenska Akademien 3784: 2525: 2389:[The King alters Academy rules]. 2316: 2314: 2312: 2310: 2308: 2097: 1946: 1918: 1838: 1775: 1697: 879:(awarded in 1933), Thomas Mann nominated 427:Inventas vitam iuvat excoluisse per artes 30:For a list of the award's laureates, see 27:Prize established in 1895 by Alfred Nobel 5002: 4250: 3489: 3487: 3240:. Oxford University Press. p. 288. 3233: 3153: 2817: 2815: 2813: 2731: 2591:. Nobel official website. 11 June 2012. 2353: 2347: 2236: 2105:"Alfred Nobel's last will and testament" 1809: 1807: 1051: 240: 228: 4399:by citizenship at the time of the award 4119: 4032: 3466:"Nobel's Will and the Literature Prize" 3057: 3021: 2384: 2276: 2184: 2158: 1900: 1733: 1368:2018 controversy and award cancellation 1064:The prize's focus on European men, and 794: 62:Outstanding contributions in literature 14: 6711: 4101:from the original on 29 September 2018 4035:"Sara Danius lämnar Svenska Akademien" 3972:Andersson, Christina (20 April 2018). 3621:from the original on 23 September 2020 3368: 3307: 3183: 3128: 2947:from the original on 28 September 2022 2921:from the original on 25 September 2023 2823:Facts on the Nobel Prize in Literature 2775: 2385:Nilsson, Christoffer (18 April 2018). 2305: 2029:from the original on 24 September 2023 1417:Tree of Life: A Novel of the Caribbean 5197: 5170:World Summit of Nobel Peace Laureates 4444: 4294:from the original on 28 February 2021 3920:from the original on 28 November 2020 3900: 3698:"Et Camus obtint enfin le prix Nobel" 3578:A history of Scandinavian literatures 3574: 3493: 3484: 3192:"'Political element' to Pinter Prize" 3131:"What Is a Nobel Prize Really Worth?" 3097: 2967:"Nomination archive Saint-John Perse" 2915:"Nominations by literature laureates" 2810: 2784:from the original on 16 November 2011 2744:"The Nobel Prize medal in Literature" 2507:from the original on 19 November 2011 1852:from the original on 27 December 2019 1804: 1721:from the original on 11 November 2007 1588:List of Nobel laureates in Literature 1507:Another award of note is the Spanish 1266:Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man 871:(awarded in 1929), the 1915 laureate 553:Interpretations of Nobel's guidelines 495:List of Nobel laureates in Literature 32:List of Nobel laureates in Literature 4392:The Nobel Prize Medal for Literature 4321:from the original on 4 November 2012 4281: 4263:from the original on 10 October 2013 4232:from the original on 1 February 2018 4134:from the original on 6 February 2020 3804:Christina Anderson (12 April 2018). 3690: 3442:from the original on 11 October 2014 3269:100 nobelpris i litteratur 1901–2001 3141:from the original on 13 October 2017 3110:from the original on 14 October 2016 3039:from the original on 13 October 2022 2869:from the original on 1 November 2020 2441: 2417:"The Nobel Committee for Literature" 2004:The Nobel Prize: The First 100 Years 1882:from the original on 13 October 2014 1813: 4251:Anderson, Hephzibah (31 May 2009). 4213:from the original on 13 April 2018. 4183:from the original on 28 August 2019 3953:from the original on 1 October 2018 3847:Svenska Dagbladet 22 September 1996 3463: 3350:from the original on 2 October 2013 3234:Eldridge, Richard (27 March 2009). 3198:from the original on 21 August 2017 2534:from the original on 5 October 2023 2481:from the original on 4 October 2012 2051:. Infoplease.com. 13 October 1999. 1979:from the original on 9 October 2010 1709:John Sutherland (13 October 2007). 493:For a more comprehensive list, see 408:Nobel Prize medal § Literature 396:richest literary prize in the world 323:For a more comprehensive list, see 24: 4909:Washington University in St. Louis 4033:Åkerman, Felicia (12 April 2018). 4026: 3818:from the original on 13 April 2018 3171:from the original on 26 April 2011 3003:from the original on 29 April 2015 2891:. Nobel Foundation. Archived from 2678:. Nobel Foundation. Archived from 2676:"The Nobel Prize Award Ceremonies" 2568:. Retrieved 15 January 2009, from 2387:"Kungen ändrar Akademiens stadgar" 2366:from the original on 26 March 2022 2331:. Associated Press. Archived from 2289:. Nobel Foundation. Archived from 2194:. Nobel Foundation. Archived from 2145:. Retrieved 15 January 2009, from 2055:from the original on 26 April 2013 1908:. The Nobel Foundation. p. 7. 1322:and the awarded Guatemalan author 450:is also inscribed on the reverse. 233:In 1901, French poet and essayist 25: 6750: 4385: 4312: 4066:Christopher Hooton (4 May 2018). 4014:from the original on 7 April 2018 3163:Kjell Espmark (3 December 1999). 2656:from the original on 13 June 2012 2595:from the original on 25 July 2012 2454:from the original on 4 March 2023 2423:from the original on 11 July 2022 2224:from the original on 1 March 2024 1927:. Springer-Verlag. Archived from 1659:from the original on 20 July 2018 1396:, not affiliated with either the 1376:, who is married to board member 1294:French novelist and intellectual 852:in 1950 (the prize for 1949) and 529:in 1951, and the shared prize to 436:" from line 663 of book 6 of the 6734:Literary awards honoring writers 6696: 4537: 4470: 4420:What the Nobel Laureates Receive 4224:The Nobel Prize (5 March 2019). 4120:Löfgren, Emma (29 August 2018). 4078:from the original on 4 May 2018. 3502:from the original on 14 May 2012 3472:from the original on 11 May 2012 3381:from the original on 8 July 2017 3320:from the original on 5 June 2011 3129:Altman, Anna (16 October 2014). 2973:from the original on 8 June 2023 2776:Lemmel, Birgitta (29 May 1998). 2621:from the original on 28 May 2011 2085:from the original on 14 May 2013 1973:"The Nobel Foundation – History" 1752:from the original on 16 May 2020 1685:from the original on 20 May 2023 1157:Overlooked literary achievements 1139:and Canadian short story writer 1084:In 2009, Engdahl's replacement, 4363:"Hans Christian Andersen Award" 4355: 4333: 4317:. Oklahoma Historical Society. 4306: 4275: 4244: 4217: 4195: 4164: 4146: 4113: 4082: 4059: 4047:from the original on 5 May 2018 3996: 3984:from the original on 4 May 2018 3888:from the original on 4 May 2018 3869: 3850: 3830: 3772: 3759: 3740: 3716: 3671: 3648: 3633: 3607: 3595: 3568: 3541: 3514: 3393: 3369:Jordan, Mary (9 October 2009). 3362: 3332: 3308:Kirsch, Adam (3 October 2008). 3301: 3282: 3261: 3227: 3165:"The Nobel Prize in Literature" 3122: 3091: 3051: 3015: 2985: 2959: 2933: 2907: 2881: 2855: 2835: 2796: 2581: 2528:"The Nobel Prize in Literature" 2519: 2473:Tom Rivers (10 December 2009). 2466: 2435: 2409: 2397:from the original on 4 May 2018 2210: 2067: 2041: 1919:von Euler, U.S. (6 June 1981). 1912: 1826:from the original on 4 May 2018 1814:Wixe, Susanne (10 April 2018). 1792:from the original on 4 May 2018 1394:New Academy Prize in Literature 686: 5165:Lindau Nobel Laureate Meetings 4929:Catholic priests and religious 3190:Neil Smith (13 October 2005). 2843:All Nobel Prizes in Literature 2442:Berg, Mattias (29 June 2015). 1894: 1641: 1565:(1981 Cervantes, 1990 Nobel); 1255:Modern Library 100 Best Novels 1123:The 2010 prize was awarded to 729:Recognition of a specific work 319:Nomination and award procedure 205:direction" (original Swedish: 13: 1: 6729:International literary awards 4559:Heads of state and government 4171:Andrew Brown (17 July 2018). 3494:Parks, Tim (6 October 2011). 3271:, Bokförlaget Symposium 2001 3220:the Times Literary Supplement 3098:Parks, Tim (6 October 2011). 3066:. Arcade Publishing. p. 2321:David Keyton (6 April 2018). 1634: 1574:Hans Christian Andersen Award 1500:(1982 Neustadt, 1990 Nobel), 1496:(1978 Neustadt, 1980 Nobel), 1492:(1972 Neustadt, 1982 Nobel), 1346:for calling for the death of 224: 3916:. No. 3 December 2018. 3866:Svenska Yle 30 November 2012 3575:Warme, Lars G., ed. (1996). 3498:. New York Review of Books. 3104:The New York Review of Books 2354:Holmgren, Mia (2 May 2018). 2270:The New York Review of Books 1623:Swedish Academy Nordic Prize 1478:Formentor Prix International 1456:Similar international prizes 906: 488: 7: 4884:City University of New York 3602:Den svenska litteraturen IV 2804:"Karlfeldt och Nobelpriset" 2013:World Scientific Publishing 1580: 1532:America Award in Literature 1335:are required for a quorum. 1048:Nationality-based criticism 983:translates as "ideal." The 476: 10: 6755: 2778:"The Nobel Prize Diplomas" 1953:"The Will of Alfred Nobel" 1509:Princess of Asturias Award 1474:International Booker Prize 994: 492: 405: 322: 29: 6719:Nobel Prize in Literature 6629: 6398: 6167: 5927: 5702: 5470: 5235: 5229:Nobel Prize in Literature 5183: 5137: 5122:Norwegian Nobel Committee 5079: 5028: 5018:PRIO Director's Shortlist 4921: 4874: 4670: 4615: 4546: 4535: 4496: 4478: 4010:. Reuters. 6 April 2018. 3752:29 September 2022 at the 2828:28 September 2019 at the 2501:"The Nobel Prize Amounts" 2263:22 September 2015 at the 1649:"The Nobel Prize amounts" 1555:Miguel de Cervantes Prize 1449:Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden 912:studied and read. In the 674:, and the Chinese writer 401: 362: 307:were promulgated by King 179:Nobel Prize in Literature 140: 126: 115: 107: 99: 87: 77: 66: 58: 49: 45:Nobel Prize in Literature 44: 4483:Lists of Nobel laureates 4315:"World Literature Today" 3876:Tim Parks (4 May 2018). 3295:10 February 2009 at the 3058:Feldman, Burton (2000). 2615:"The Nobel Prize Amount" 1715:Guardian Unlimited Books 958:Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan 895:, and the 1960 laureate 191:Nobelpriset i litteratur 4426:"The rise of the Prize" 4345:13 October 2008 at the 3703:15 January 2009 at the 3435:The Wall Street Journal 3032:The Wall Street Journal 2997:Encyclopædia Britannica 2570:Encyclopædia Britannica 2565:Encyclopædia Britannica 2258:"Do We Need the Nobel?" 2218:"Nominations 1901-1950" 2177:13 October 2019 at the 2147:Encyclopædia Britannica 2142:Encyclopædia Britannica 2079:Encyclopædia Britannica 1925:Die Naturwissenschaften 1876:Encyclopædia Britannica 1613:Lists of 100 best books 1608:List of literary awards 1598:List of Nobel laureates 1150:The Wall Street Journal 1077:is included). In 2009, 780:The Old Man and the Sea 416:in left profile on the 382: 8,000,000 (about 6191:Gabriel García Márquez 6044:Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn 5117:Physiology or Medicine 5063:Physiology or Medicine 4990:Physiology or Medicine 4607:Physiology or Medicine 4529:Physiology or Medicine 2578: 2553:"Nobel Prize – Prizes" 2155: 2110:9 October 2009 at the 2009:Imperial College Press 1872:"Guide to Nobel Prize" 1490:Gabriel García Márquez 1445: 1061: 867:(awarded in 1916) and 813: 501:youngest laureate was 432: 426: 371:, a diploma bearing a 257: 238: 206: 190: 18:Nobel Literature Prize 6136:Isaac Bashevis Singer 6011:Miguel Ángel Asturias 5684:Frans Eemil Sillanpää 5415:Verner von Heidenstam 5270:Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson 4351:The Norman Transcript 4313:Clark, David Draper. 2993:"Nobel Prize | award" 2709:"A unique gold medal" 2644:"Nobel Prize Amounts" 2573: 2558:13 April 2015 at the 2419:. Svenska Akademien. 2150: 2135:29 April 2015 at the 2049:"Nobel Prize History" 1441: 1408:noted for her novels 1324:Miguel Ángel Asturias 1205:, "the main works of 1055: 887:was proposed by both 865:Verner von Heidenstam 802: 616:Isaac Bashevis Singer 564:Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson 523:Verner von Heidenstam 420:. It was designed by 244: 232: 5662:Roger Martin du Gard 4904:Princeton University 3683:21 June 2023 at the 3617:. Nobel Foundation. 3468:. Nobel Foundation. 3406:4 March 2016 at the 3167:. Nobel Foundation. 2865:. Nobel Foundation. 2863:"Nomination archive" 2852:", Nobel Foundation. 2832:", Nobel Foundation. 2780:. Nobel Foundation. 2617:. Nobel Foundation. 2503:. Nobel Foundation. 2328:The Washington Times 1975:. Nobel Foundation. 1681:. Nobel Foundation. 1653:The Nobel Foundation 1003:Carl David af Wirsén 893:Roger Martin du Gard 795:Potential candidates 765:Roger Martin du Gard 457:, the Swedish royal 345:King Carl XVI Gustaf 6565:Svetlana Alexievich 5907:Salvatore Quasimodo 5593:Erik Axel Karlfeldt 5527:George Bernard Shaw 5384:Rabindranath Tagore 5362:Maurice Maeterlinck 5013:AFSC Nobel nominees 4889:Columbia University 4403:by country of birth 4282:Orthofor, Michael. 3862:15 May 2021 at the 3843:15 May 2021 at the 3747:Nomination database 3729:3 June 2021 at the 3713:, 28 December 2008. 3678:Nomination database 3660:1 July 2020 at the 3375:The Washington Post 3025:(14 October 2012). 2848:21 May 2020 at the 1958:4 June 2011 at the 1748:. BBC. 4 May 2018. 1679:"Alfred Nobel will" 1378:Katarina Frostenson 1374:Jean-Claude Arnault 1356:. A fourth member, 1233:and Swedish author 914:Wall Street Journal 834:Rabindranath Tagore 681:Svetlana Alexievich 650:from South Africa, 584:George Bernard Shaw 515:Erik Axel Karlfeldt 6510:Mario Vargas Llosa 6488:J. M. G. Le Clézio 6345:Wisława Szymborska 6125:Vicente Aleixandre 5996:Shmuel Yosef Agnon 5874:Juan Ramón Jiménez 5742:Johannes V. Jensen 5430:Henrik Pontoppidan 5296:Henryk Sienkiewicz 4899:Harvard University 4160:. 9 December 2018. 4095:The New York Times 4008:The New York Times 3978:The New York Times 3882:The New York Times 3811:The New York Times 3737:, 17 January 2020. 3346:. 6 October 2009. 3213:and opposition to 2969:. nobelprize.org. 2943:. nobelprize.org. 2917:. nobelprize.org. 2682:on 11 October 2007 2530:. nobelprize.org. 2293:on 11 October 2007 2220:. nobelprize.org. 2198:on 11 October 2007 1567:Mario Vargas Llosa 1548:Mario Vargas Llosa 1525:Mario Vargas Llosa 1353:The Satanic Verses 1125:Mario Vargas Llosa 1062: 740:Growth of the Soil 711:Shmuel Yosef Agnon 706:Henrik Pontoppidan 672:Mario Vargas Llosa 442:by the Roman poet 258: 239: 6684: 6683: 6642:Abdulrazak Gurnah 6521:Tomas Tranströmer 6022:Yasunari Kawabata 5985:Mikhail Sholokhov 5841:Winston Churchill 5516:Władysław Reymont 5494:Jacinto Benavente 5373:Gerhart Hauptmann 5191: 5190: 5075: 5074: 5071: 5070: 4998: 4997: 4917: 4916: 4870: 4869: 4488:Nobel Prize medal 4415:arXiv:1009.2634v1 4209:. 13 April 2018. 3668:, 6 January 2016. 3588:978-0-8032-4750-5 3561:978-90-5356-020-4 3534:978-0-8020-8206-0 3247:978-0-19-972410-9 3077:978-1-55970-592-9 2649:. Nobel website. 2022:978-981-02-4664-8 1530:The non-monetary 1502:Tomas Tranströmer 1470:Franz Kafka Prize 1344:Ruhollah Khomeini 1282:Jorge Luis Borges 1280:Argentine writer 1235:August Strindberg 1133:Tomas Tranströmer 1102:Jorge Luis Borges 946:Jorge Luis Borges 861:Gerhart Hauptmann 785:Mikhail Sholokhov 175: 174: 171: 170: 116:Currently held by 16:(Redirected from 6746: 6701: 6700: 6699: 6692: 6677: 6666: 6655: 6644: 6622: 6611: 6600: 6589: 6578: 6567: 6556: 6545: 6534: 6523: 6512: 6501: 6490: 6479: 6468: 6457: 6446: 6444:Elfriede Jelinek 6435: 6424: 6413: 6391: 6380: 6369: 6358: 6347: 6336: 6325: 6314: 6303: 6292: 6281: 6270: 6268:Camilo José Cela 6259: 6248: 6237: 6226: 6215: 6213:Jaroslav Seifert 6204: 6193: 6182: 6160: 6149: 6138: 6127: 6116: 6105: 6094: 6079: 6068: 6057: 6046: 6035: 6024: 6013: 6002: 5987: 5976: 5975:(declined award) 5973:Jean-Paul Sartre 5964: 5953: 5942: 5920: 5918:Saint-John Perse 5909: 5898: 5887: 5876: 5865: 5854: 5852:Ernest Hemingway 5843: 5832: 5830:François Mauriac 5821: 5810: 5808:Bertrand Russell 5799: 5797:William Faulkner 5788: 5777: 5766: 5755: 5753:Gabriela Mistral 5744: 5733: 5732: 5724: 5723: 5715: 5714: 5695: 5694: 5686: 5675: 5664: 5653: 5642: 5641: 5633: 5631:Luigi Pirandello 5622: 5611: 5600: 5584: 5573: 5562: 5551: 5540: 5529: 5518: 5507: 5496: 5485: 5463: 5452: 5441: 5440: 5432: 5417: 5406: 5395: 5394: 5386: 5375: 5364: 5353: 5342: 5331: 5320: 5309: 5298: 5287: 5281:Frédéric Mistral 5272: 5261: 5250: 5218: 5211: 5204: 5195: 5194: 5160:Nobel Laboratory 5092:Nobel Committees 5087:Nobel Foundation 5026: 5025: 5000: 4999: 4945: 4944: 4668: 4667: 4572: 4571: 4541: 4465: 4458: 4451: 4442: 4441: 4379: 4378: 4376: 4374: 4359: 4353: 4337: 4331: 4330: 4328: 4326: 4310: 4304: 4303: 4301: 4299: 4279: 4273: 4272: 4270: 4268: 4248: 4242: 4241: 4239: 4237: 4221: 4215: 4214: 4199: 4193: 4192: 4190: 4188: 4168: 4162: 4161: 4150: 4144: 4143: 4141: 4139: 4117: 4111: 4110: 4108: 4106: 4086: 4080: 4079: 4063: 4057: 4056: 4054: 4052: 4030: 4024: 4023: 4021: 4019: 4000: 3994: 3993: 3991: 3989: 3969: 3963: 3962: 3960: 3958: 3936: 3930: 3929: 3927: 3925: 3904: 3898: 3897: 3895: 3893: 3873: 3867: 3857:Knut Ahnlund död 3854: 3848: 3834: 3828: 3827: 3825: 3823: 3801: 3782: 3776: 3770: 3769:, Norstedts 1986 3763: 3757: 3756:Nobel Foundation 3744: 3738: 3720: 3714: 3694: 3688: 3675: 3669: 3652: 3646: 3637: 3631: 3630: 3628: 3626: 3611: 3605: 3599: 3593: 3592: 3572: 3566: 3565: 3545: 3539: 3538: 3518: 3512: 3511: 3509: 3507: 3491: 3482: 3481: 3479: 3477: 3464:Espmark, Kjell. 3461: 3452: 3451: 3449: 3447: 3425: 3419: 3397: 3391: 3390: 3388: 3386: 3366: 3360: 3359: 3357: 3355: 3336: 3330: 3329: 3327: 3325: 3305: 3299: 3288:Dagens Nyheter 3286: 3280: 3265: 3259: 3258: 3256: 3254: 3231: 3225: 3224: 3205: 3203: 3187: 3181: 3180: 3178: 3176: 3160: 3151: 3150: 3148: 3146: 3126: 3120: 3119: 3117: 3115: 3095: 3089: 3088: 3086: 3084: 3065: 3055: 3049: 3048: 3046: 3044: 3019: 3013: 3012: 3010: 3008: 2989: 2983: 2982: 2980: 2978: 2963: 2957: 2956: 2954: 2952: 2937: 2931: 2930: 2928: 2926: 2911: 2905: 2904: 2902: 2900: 2895:on 28 April 2013 2889:"Nomination FAQ" 2885: 2879: 2878: 2876: 2874: 2859: 2853: 2839: 2833: 2819: 2808: 2807: 2806:. karlfeldt.org. 2800: 2794: 2793: 2791: 2789: 2773: 2764: 2763: 2761: 2759: 2750:. 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French writer 950:Vladimir Nabokov 897:Saint-John Perse 854:Bertrand Russell 850:William Faulkner 842:Luigi Pirandello 820:, these include 811: 775:Ernest Hemingway 760:The Forsyte Saga 717:in 1966, and to 694:Frederic Mistral 662:from Japan, and 654:from St. Lucia, 628:Jaroslav Seifert 612:William Faulkner 547:Jean-Paul Sartre 435: 429: 195:literature prize 142: 141: 136: 133: 54: 42: 41: 21: 6754: 6753: 6749: 6748: 6747: 6745: 6744: 6743: 6739:Swedish Academy 6709: 6708: 6707: 6697: 6695: 6687: 6685: 6680: 6675:to be announced 6669: 6658: 6647: 6636: 6625: 6614: 6603: 6592: 6581: 6570: 6559: 6554:Patrick Modiano 6548: 6537: 6526: 6515: 6504: 6493: 6482: 6471: 6460: 6449: 6438: 6427: 6416: 6405: 6394: 6383: 6372: 6361: 6350: 6339: 6328: 6317: 6306: 6295: 6290:Nadine Gordimer 6284: 6273: 6262: 6251: 6240: 6229: 6218: 6207: 6202:William Golding 6196: 6185: 6174: 6163: 6152: 6147:Odysseas Elytis 6141: 6130: 6119: 6108: 6103:Eugenio Montale 6097: 6092:Harry Martinson 6082: 6071: 6060: 6049: 6038: 6027: 6016: 6005: 5990: 5979: 5967: 5962:Giorgos Seferis 5956: 5945: 5934: 5923: 5912: 5901: 5896:Boris Pasternak 5890: 5879: 5868: 5863:Halldór Laxness 5857: 5846: 5835: 5824: 5813: 5802: 5791: 5780: 5769: 5758: 5747: 5736: 5728: 5727: 5719: 5718: 5710: 5709: 5698: 5690: 5689: 5678: 5667: 5656: 5645: 5637: 5636: 5625: 5614: 5609:John Galsworthy 5603: 5587: 5576: 5565: 5554: 5543: 5532: 5521: 5510: 5499: 5488: 5477: 5466: 5455: 5444: 5436: 5435: 5420: 5409: 5398: 5390: 5389: 5378: 5367: 5356: 5345: 5334: 5323: 5318:Rudyard Kipling 5312: 5307:Giosuè Carducci 5301: 5290: 5275: 5264: 5259:Theodor Mommsen 5253: 5248:Sully Prudhomme 5242: 5231: 5222: 5192: 5187: 5186: 5179: 5155:Björkborn Manor 5133: 5067: 5024: 4994: 4943: 4913: 4866: 4846:South American 4831:North American 4672: 4666: 4619: 4617: 4611: 4570: 4542: 4533: 4492: 4474: 4469: 4388: 4383: 4382: 4372: 4370: 4369:on 20 July 2017 4361: 4360: 4356: 4347:Wayback Machine 4338: 4334: 4324: 4322: 4311: 4307: 4297: 4295: 4288:Complete Review 4280: 4276: 4266: 4264: 4249: 4245: 4235: 4233: 4222: 4218: 4201: 4200: 4196: 4186: 4184: 4169: 4165: 4152: 4151: 4147: 4137: 4135: 4118: 4114: 4104: 4102: 4087: 4083: 4072:The Independent 4064: 4060: 4050: 4048: 4040:Dagens Industri 4031: 4027: 4017: 4015: 4002: 4001: 3997: 3987: 3985: 3970: 3966: 3956: 3954: 3937: 3933: 3923: 3921: 3906: 3905: 3901: 3891: 3889: 3874: 3870: 3864:Wayback Machine 3855: 3851: 3845:Wayback Machine 3835: 3831: 3821: 3819: 3802: 3785: 3777: 3773: 3764: 3760: 3754:Wayback Machine 3745: 3741: 3731:Wayback Machine 3721: 3717: 3705:Wayback Machine 3695: 3691: 3687:Nobel Prize.org 3685:Wayback Machine 3676: 3672: 3662:Wayback Machine 3653: 3649: 3640:Burton Feldman 3638: 3634: 3624: 3622: 3613: 3612: 3608: 3600: 3596: 3589: 3573: 3569: 3562: 3546: 3542: 3535: 3519: 3515: 3505: 3503: 3492: 3485: 3475: 3473: 3462: 3455: 3445: 3443: 3426: 3422: 3412:Financial Times 3408:Wayback Machine 3398: 3394: 3384: 3382: 3367: 3363: 3353: 3351: 3338: 3337: 3333: 3323: 3321: 3306: 3302: 3297:Wayback Machine 3287: 3283: 3266: 3262: 3252: 3250: 3248: 3232: 3228: 3215:the war in Iraq 3201: 3199: 3188: 3184: 3174: 3172: 3161: 3154: 3144: 3142: 3127: 3123: 3113: 3111: 3096: 3092: 3082: 3080: 3078: 3056: 3052: 3042: 3040: 3023:Epstein, Joseph 3020: 3016: 3006: 3004: 2991: 2990: 2986: 2976: 2974: 2965: 2964: 2960: 2950: 2948: 2939: 2938: 2934: 2924: 2922: 2913: 2912: 2908: 2898: 2896: 2887: 2886: 2882: 2872: 2870: 2861: 2860: 2856: 2850:Wayback Machine 2840: 2836: 2830:Wayback Machine 2820: 2811: 2802: 2801: 2797: 2787: 2785: 2774: 2767: 2757: 2755: 2754:on 10 June 2023 2742: 2741: 2732: 2722: 2720: 2707: 2706: 2695: 2685: 2683: 2674: 2673: 2669: 2659: 2657: 2653: 2646: 2642: 2641: 2634: 2624: 2622: 2613: 2612: 2608: 2598: 2596: 2587: 2586: 2582: 2560:Wayback Machine 2551: 2547: 2537: 2535: 2526:Kjell Espmark. 2524: 2520: 2510: 2508: 2499: 2498: 2494: 2484: 2482: 2471: 2467: 2457: 2455: 2440: 2436: 2426: 2424: 2415: 2414: 2410: 2400: 2398: 2383: 2379: 2369: 2367: 2352: 2348: 2338: 2336: 2319: 2306: 2296: 2294: 2285: 2284: 2277: 2265:Wayback Machine 2252: 2237: 2227: 2225: 2216: 2215: 2211: 2201: 2199: 2190: 2189: 2185: 2179:Wayback Machine 2170: 2159: 2137:Wayback Machine 2128: 2124: 2112:Wayback Machine 2102: 2098: 2088: 2086: 2073: 2072: 2068: 2058: 2056: 2047: 2046: 2042: 2032: 2030: 2023: 1999: 1992: 1982: 1980: 1971: 1970: 1966: 1960:Wayback Machine 1951: 1947: 1937: 1935: 1934:on 14 July 2011 1931: 1917: 1913: 1902:Sohlman, Ragnar 1899: 1895: 1885: 1883: 1870: 1869: 1865: 1855: 1853: 1844: 1843: 1839: 1829: 1827: 1812: 1805: 1795: 1793: 1786:Swedish Academy 1776:Press release. 1774: 1765: 1755: 1753: 1744: 1743: 1734: 1724: 1722: 1707: 1698: 1688: 1686: 1677: 1676: 1672: 1662: 1660: 1647: 1646: 1642: 1637: 1632: 1583: 1466:Jerusalem Prize 1458: 1370: 1340:Lars Gyllensten 1332: 1201:. According to 1179:Sully Prudhomme 1159: 1145:Patrick Modiano 1098:Cormac McCarthy 1050: 999: 993: 985:Nobel Committee 909: 822:Theodor Mommsen 818:Sully Prudhomme 812: 809: 797: 789:epic of the Don 755:John Galsworthy 731: 723:Harry Martinson 700:in 1904 and to 689: 648:Nadine Gordimer 620:Odysseus Elytis 568:Rudyard Kipling 555: 543:Boris Pasternak 535:Harry Martinson 519:Swedish Academy 503:Rudyard Kipling 498: 491: 479: 448:Swedish Academy 410: 404: 365: 341:Nobel Committee 332:Swedish Academy 330:Each year, the 328: 321: 313:Swedish Academy 252:Literature and 235:Sully Prudhomme 227: 211:Swedish Academy 193:) is a Swedish 130: 82:Swedish Academy 40: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 6752: 6742: 6741: 6736: 6731: 6726: 6721: 6706: 6705: 6682: 6681: 6679: 6678: 6667: 6656: 6645: 6633: 6631: 6627: 6626: 6624: 6623: 6612: 6601: 6598:Olga Tokarczuk 6590: 6587:Kazuo Ishiguro 6579: 6568: 6557: 6546: 6535: 6524: 6513: 6502: 6491: 6480: 6469: 6458: 6447: 6436: 6425: 6414: 6402: 6400: 6396: 6395: 6393: 6392: 6381: 6370: 6359: 6348: 6337: 6326: 6315: 6304: 6293: 6282: 6271: 6260: 6257:Naguib Mahfouz 6249: 6246:Joseph Brodsky 6238: 6227: 6216: 6205: 6194: 6183: 6171: 6169: 6165: 6164: 6162: 6161: 6158:Czesław Miłosz 6150: 6139: 6128: 6117: 6106: 6095: 6088:Eyvind Johnson 6080: 6069: 6058: 6047: 6036: 6033:Samuel Beckett 6025: 6014: 6003: 5988: 5977: 5965: 5954: 5951:John Steinbeck 5943: 5931: 5929: 5925: 5924: 5922: 5921: 5910: 5899: 5888: 5877: 5866: 5855: 5844: 5833: 5822: 5819:Pär Lagerkvist 5811: 5800: 5789: 5778: 5767: 5756: 5745: 5734: 5725: 5716: 5706: 5704: 5700: 5699: 5697: 5696: 5687: 5676: 5665: 5654: 5651:Eugene O'Neill 5643: 5634: 5623: 5612: 5601: 5585: 5582:Sinclair Lewis 5574: 5563: 5552: 5541: 5538:Grazia Deledda 5530: 5519: 5508: 5497: 5486: 5483:Anatole France 5474: 5472: 5468: 5467: 5465: 5464: 5453: 5450:Carl Spitteler 5442: 5433: 5426:Karl Gjellerup 5418: 5407: 5404:Romain Rolland 5396: 5387: 5376: 5365: 5354: 5343: 5340:Selma Lagerlöf 5332: 5321: 5310: 5299: 5288: 5285:José Echegaray 5273: 5262: 5251: 5239: 5237: 5233: 5232: 5221: 5220: 5213: 5206: 5198: 5189: 5188: 5184: 5181: 5180: 5178: 5177: 5172: 5167: 5162: 5157: 5152: 5147: 5141: 5139: 5135: 5134: 5132: 5131: 5126: 5125: 5124: 5119: 5114: 5109: 5104: 5099: 5089: 5083: 5081: 5077: 5076: 5073: 5072: 5069: 5068: 5066: 5065: 5060: 5055: 5050: 5045: 5044: 5043: 5035: 5033: 5023: 5022: 5021: 5020: 5015: 5006: 5004: 4996: 4995: 4993: 4992: 4987: 4982: 4981: 4980: 4975: 4967: 4962: 4957: 4951: 4949: 4942: 4941: 4936: 4931: 4925: 4923: 4919: 4918: 4915: 4914: 4912: 4911: 4906: 4901: 4896: 4891: 4886: 4880: 4878: 4872: 4871: 4868: 4867: 4865: 4864: 4863: 4862: 4857: 4852: 4844: 4843: 4842: 4837: 4829: 4828: 4827: 4819: 4818: 4817: 4812: 4807: 4802: 4797: 4792: 4787: 4782: 4777: 4772: 4767: 4762: 4757: 4752: 4744: 4743: 4742: 4737: 4732: 4727: 4722: 4717: 4712: 4707: 4697: 4696: 4695: 4690: 4679: 4677: 4665: 4664: 4659: 4654: 4652:Latin American 4649: 4644: 4639: 4634: 4629: 4623: 4621: 4613: 4612: 4610: 4609: 4604: 4599: 4594: 4589: 4584: 4578: 4576: 4569: 4568: 4563: 4562: 4561: 4555:by occupation 4552: 4550: 4544: 4543: 4536: 4534: 4532: 4531: 4526: 4521: 4516: 4511: 4506: 4500: 4498: 4494: 4493: 4491: 4490: 4485: 4479: 4476: 4475: 4468: 4467: 4460: 4453: 4445: 4439: 4438: 4433: 4423: 4417: 4407:J. 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