534:
33:
609:
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member of the
Romanian Academy of Sciences and the President of the Jewish Communities' Federation of Romania from 1994 to 2004, defended recognition of Paulescu's scientific work, saying there is a need to distinguish between individuals' private views and their scientific merit and that his father,
500:
We
Romanians are faced with a capital question: What shall we do with these uninvited guests who suddenly installed themselves in this country, or rather, with these evil parasites who are both thieves and assassins? Can we exterminate them just as, for instance, bedbugs are killed? This would be the
413:
Paulescu's 1921 papers mentioned that the extract caused toxic side effects on dogs, which made it unusable in humans ("qui la rendent inapplicable dans la pratique médicale"). Therefore, when he tested his pancreatic extract on humans on 25 February 1922, he administered the extract rectally. The
437:
in 1906. Zuelzer also wrote to the Nobel Prize committee asserting priority. All of these earlier attempts had produced pancreatic extracts that caused side effects in dogs or humans. The
Toronto team had noticed the same side effects with their earlier extracts, but they continued working on the
591:
His starting point was a theory of passions and of social conflicts examined from the angle of a discipline he called "philosophical physiology". It was illustrated, in the main, by the behavior of Jews, who represented the extreme case of a race ruled by two essential passions: the instincts of
455:
Insufficient recognition has been given to
Paulesco, the distinguished Roumanian scientist, who at the time when the Toronto team were commencing their research had already succeeded in extracting the antidiabetic hormone of the pancreas and proving its efficacy in reducing the hyperglycaemia in
299:
575:
In "Degenerarea rasei jidănești" (1928) (transl. 'Degeneration of the Jewish Race', using a racist slur), Paulescu states that Jews are degenerate because their brains weigh much less than "Arian" brains. He singles out for their low brain weight the Nobel Prize laureates
418:. This apparent success emboldened him to inject his extract intravenously into a diabetic patient on 24 March, after which the patient's blood sugar apparently fell to zero (".000", "véritable AGLYCÉMIE"). A blood sugar level of zero should have placed the patient into a
422:, but he made no mention of this effect in any of his papers. In contrast, the Toronto team had known for several months that dogs could be placed into a diabetic coma by an overdose of insulin, so they prepared orange juice and candy for the clinical trials.
370:. Using his procedure, Kleiner had been able to demonstrate significant reductions in the concentration of blood and urinary glucose after intravenous injections of his extract. Paulescu then secured the patent rights for his method of manufacturing
402:. An unsuccessful attempt had been made on 11 January 1922, and a successful administration followed on 25 January 1922. The Toronto team felt confident in the purity of their insulin and injected it intravenously into the patient, clearing up his
687:, a postmark was dedicated in Paulescu's honour as part of celebrating the World Day Against Diabetes. Paulescu was also honoured on a postage stamp issued by Romania in 1994. The stamp is one in a set of seven stamps honouring famous Romanians.
429:, Nicolae Paulescu wrote to the Nobel Prize committee claiming that he had discovered insulin first. However, his claims to priority cannot be sustained. Paulescu prepared pancreatic extract in 1916 and tested it in dogs, but
679:
was named in his honour (Institutul de Diabet, Nutriţie şi Boli
Metabolice "N. C. Paulescu"). The institute was renamed on 3 March 1993, by the Ministry of Health Decree no. 273, at the initiative of Prof. Dr. Iulian Mincu.
1159:
560:. Codreanu extensively quoted Paulescu, and acknowledged the powerful impact that Paulescu's ideas had on his own development. Paulescu was the first to link together Romanian antisemitism, Christianity and
530:, the principal ideologist of Orthodoxism, paid homage to Paulescu, by calling him "the founder of Christian nationalism" and "the most complete and most normative eminent doctrinaire of our nationalism."
522:
More than that! we must love the Jews and do them good - because we have Christ as our teacher - the spring of eternal love - who in His divine wisdom said: Love your enemies,... do good to them that hate
348:
360:, and was published in the August 1921 issue of this journal. The method used by Paulescu to prepare his pancreatic extract was similar to a procedure described by the American researcher
441:
Professor Ian Murray was particularly active in working to correct "the historical wrong" against
Paulescu. Murray was a professor of physiology at the Anderson College of Medicine in
445:, Scotland, the head of the department of Metabolic Diseases at a leading Glasgow hospital, vice-president of the British Association of Diabetes, and a founding member of the
1144:
1204:
870:
239:
of Latin and Greek literature in the original. He also had a particular gift for drawing and music and special inclinations towards natural sciences, such as
1105:
653:
Dr. Marcu Cajal, a student of
Paulescu, had admired Paulescu for his scientific skills though he disagreed (as a Jew) with Paulescu's anti-Semitic views.
419:
394:, Canada, published their paper on the successful use of a different, alcohol-based pancreatic extract for normalizing blood sugar (glucose) levels (
223:, he was the first of four children of Costache and Maria Paulescu. He displayed remarkable abilities as early as his first school years. He learned
552:('The National Defense'). Paulescu influenced Cuza to incorporate religion into his doctrine. He also heavily influenced the leader of the fascist
144:
509:
But no! - we must not even think of such a thing,... because we are
Christians, - Christians, so hated by the Jews! We must even forget revenge -
60:
952:
906:"Ne mândrim de Centenar cu dr. Paulescu, părintele rasismului ştiinţific şi lider de partid fascist: Prostie guvernamentală sau ceva mai grav?"
346:
An extensive paper on this subject – "Research on the Role of the
Pancreas in Food Assimilation" – was submitted by Paulescu on 22 June to the
1040:
248:
501:
simplest and handliest way of getting rid of them; if we were to act according to the laws of the Talmud, it would even be legitimate.
286:
in Paris. In 1900, Paulescu returned to
Romania, where he remained until his death (1931) as Head of the Physiology Department of the
1194:
426:
705:
1134:
469:, head of the Nobel Institute, has expressed his personal opinion that Paulesco was equally worthy of the award in 1923.
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1164:
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924:("Philosophic Physiology: The Hospital, the Koran, the Talmud, the Kahal and Freemasonry"), vol. II., Bucharest, 1913.
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204:
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From 24 April to 23 June 1921, Paulescu published four papers at the Romanian Section of the Society of Biology in
1102:
1179:
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449:. In an article for a 1971 issue of the Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences, Murray wrote:
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Medical School, as well as a Professor of Clinical Medicine at the St. Vincent de Paul Hospital in Bucharest.
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at an early age, so that a few years later he became fluent in all these languages and was able to read
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levels. Shortly after completing the experiments, he was called to service in the Romanian army. After
1092:
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in 2003 must do no less and conclude that Paulescu's brutal inhumanity nullifies any scientific merit
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The influence of the time elapsed from the intravenous pancreatic injection into a diabetic animal.
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Paulesco, N. C. (1921). "Recherche sur le rôle du pancréas dans l'assimilation nutritive".
8:
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The effect of the pancreatic extract injected into a diabetic animal by way of the blood.
271:
106:
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Upon receiving his M.D., Paulescu was immediately appointed as assistant surgeon at the
270:. At the same time he studied chemistry and physiology at the Faculty of Science of the
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342:
The effect of the pancreatic extract injected into a normal animal by way of the blood.
263:
84:
1011:
Nationalist Ideology and Antisemitism: The Case of Romanian Intellectuals in the 1930s
564:. In 1922, Paulescu co-founded the "National Christian Union" (which evolved into the
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Philosophic Physiology: The Hospital, the Koran, the Talmud, the Kahal and Freemasonry
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on 10 April 1922 (patent no. 6254) from the Romanian Ministry of Industry and Trade.
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Fiziologia Filozofică: Spitalul, Coranul, Talmudul, Cahalul, Franc-Masoneria
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State Hospital in Paris, scheduled for 27 August 2003, had to be cancelled.
258:, where he enrolled in medical school, where he studied with, among others,
116:
Discovery of an antidiabetic hormone released by the pancreas, later called
649:
236:
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1058:"Institute of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases "N. C. Paulescu""
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32:
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In 1993, the Institute of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases in
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in 1923), together with A. C. Cuza. That same year, the NCU adopted the
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747:
Ionescu-Tirgoviste, C. (1996). "Insulin, the Molecule of the Century".
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Academic staff of the Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy
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organizations, the inauguration of Professor Paulescu's bust at the
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Paulescu has been criticized for his political activity centered on
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1047:. ISRO-Press Newsletter Excerpts. Newsletter #287, 31 August 2003.
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Murray, I. A. N. (1971). "Paulesco and the Isolation of Insulin".
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540:- the flag standard of the Paulescu's "National Christian Party"
519:- for the plunders and the killings done or caused by the Jews.
203:, co-founder of the National Christian Union and later, of the
191:
in salted water, after which some impurites were removed with
329:
255:
228:
179:, most famous for his work on diabetes, including patenting
1093:"Romanian Physician Contributes to the Control of Diabetes"
608:
980:
Holy Legionary Youth: Fascist Activism in Interwar Romania
1057:
596:
623:
in 1923 judged the entire persona of its laureate, then
488:, which found their expression also in articles such as
997:
Antisemitism, Christian Ambivalence, and the Holocaust
967:
Antisemitism, Christian Ambivalence, and the Holocaust
871:
Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences
839:
Drury, M. I. (1972). "The golden jubilee of insulin".
668:
In 1990, he was elected posthumously as member of the
1145:
Members of the Romanian Academy elected posthumously
1103:Șama Salzberger, "Adevăruri despre Talmud și judaism
661:
Paulescu died in Bucharest in 1931. He is buried in
548:, and wrote extensively for the latter's newspaper,
544:He was an associate of ultranationalist, Professor
1205:Mihai Viteazul National College (Bucharest) alumni
807:
746:
490:The Judeo-Masonic plot against the Romanian nation
433:tested pancreatic extract in dogs in 1915, as did
1116:
425:After Banting and Macleod were awarded the 1923
207:in Romania. He was also a leading member of the
145:Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy
168:; 30 October 1869 (O.S.) – 17 July 1931) was a
61:United Principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia
978:Roland Clark, Cornell University Press, 2015,
465:In a recent private communication Professor
317:dog, proved to have a normalizing effect on
274:, and also obtained a doctorate in science.
187:). The "pancreine" was an extract of bovine
801:
799:
797:
214:
951:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
732:Rogers, K. (2013). "Nicolas C. Paulescu".
414:patients seemed to show some reduction in
377:
969:, Indiana University Press, 2007, p. 140.
706:"Histoire de la découverte de l'insuline"
703:
438:problem until they had purified insulin.
254:In the autumn of 1888, Paulescu left for
1008:
842:Journal of the Irish Medical Association
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781:
641:, and the Romanian Ambassador in Paris).
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532:
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284:Notre-Dame du Perpétuel-Secours Hospital
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784:Archives Internationales de Physiologie
749:Archives of Physiology and Biochemistry
364:in an article published in 1919 in the
349:Archives Internationales de Physiologie
306:In 1916, he succeeded in developing an
1117:
867:
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268:Recherches sur la structure de la rate
838:
805:
427:Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
163:
313:extract which, when injected into a
13:
410:and restoring normal blood sugar.
293:
14:
1216:
1077:Cazul lui Nicolae C. Paulescu (I)
1068:
447:International Diabetes Federation
205:National-Christian Defense League
183:(a pancreatic extract containing
37:Nicolae Paulescu in Paris in 1897
595:Following protests from several
31:
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1002:
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714:Histoire des sciences médicales
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367:Journal of Biological Chemistry
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736:. Encyclopædia Britannica Inc.
725:
697:
302:Nicolae Paulescu later in life
262:. In 1897 he graduated with a
1:
1195:Romanian conspiracy theorists
690:
612:A stamp in honour of Paulescu
175:, professor of medicine, and
165:[nikoˈla.epa.uˈlesku]
761:10.1076/apab.104.7.807.13106
7:
816:University of Chicago Press
325:, he resumed his research.
157:Nicolae Constantin Paulescu
10:
1221:
1135:University of Paris alumni
1038:Statement of Nicolae Cajal
656:
592:domination and ownership.
249:Mihai Viteazul High School
199:. Paulescu was also, with
1185:Burials at Bellu Cemetery
1165:Romanian critics of Islam
1150:Members of the Iron Guard
704:Lestradet, Henri (1993),
635:French Minister of Health
538:Tricolour with a swastika
382:In February 1922, doctor
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30:
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993:Indiana University Press
884:10.1093/jhmas/XXVI.2.150
810:The Discovery of Insulin
572:as its official symbol.
492:(expressed in his book,
247:. He graduated from the
215:Early life and education
1140:Romanian diabetologists
1097:Mayo Clinic Proceedings
1009:Volovici, Leon (1991).
939:Ortodoxie și etnocrație
806:Bliss, Michael (1982).
734:Encyclopædia Britannica
631:Simon Wiesenthal Center
558:Corneliu Zelea Codreanu
378:Nobel Prize controversy
288:University of Bucharest
161:Romanian pronunciation:
1180:Romanian physiologists
1108:9 October 2019 at the
1043:31 August 2017 at the
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251:in Bucharest in 1888.
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451:
435:George Ludwig Zuelzer
392:University of Toronto
301:
1175:Romanian journalists
683:On 27 June 1993, in
639:Jean-François Mattéi
266:degree, with thesis
1060:. Official website.
505:He then continued:
272:University of Paris
107:University of Paris
1200:Critics of Judaism
1155:Romanian inventors
919:Nicolae Paulescu.
614:
550:Apărarea Națională
542:
513:passion of a good
304:
264:Doctor of Medicine
260:Étienne Lancereaux
85:Kingdom of Romania
1170:Romanian fascists
991:Kevin P. Spicer,
965:Kevin P. Spicer,
935:Crainic, Nichifor
420:hypoglycemic coma
384:Frederick Banting
193:hydrochloric acid
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125:Scientific career
16:Romanian academic
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528:Nichifor Crainic
197:sodium hydroxide
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621:Nobel Committee
582:Albert Einstein
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400:a human patient
386:and biochemist
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294:Work on insulin
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663:Bellu Cemetery
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633:letter to the
580:(non-Jewish),
578:Anatole France
556:organisation,
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456:diabetic dogs.
431:Israel Kleiner
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362:Israel Kleiner
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941:. Bucharest.
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878:(2): 150–7.
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476:Antisemitism
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388:John Macleod
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173:physiologist
156:
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141:Institutions
124:
74:(1931-07-17)
72:17 July 1931
18:
1130:1931 deaths
1125:1869 births
1086:, nr. 710.
685:Cluj-Napoca
482:antisemitic
323:World War I
319:blood sugar
98:, Bucharest
1119:Categories
1083:Revista 22
825:0226058972
721:(1): 61–68
691:References
625:Hôtel Dieu
602:Hôtel-Dieu
554:Iron Guard
546:A. C. Cuza
484:views and
416:glycosuria
404:glycosuria
311:pancreatic
209:Iron Guard
201:A. C. Cuza
177:politician
49:1869-10-30
999:, p. 139.
982:, p. 187.
947:cite book
790:: 85–103.
677:Bucharest
408:ketonuria
390:from the
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