600:
630:
461:, the police officer of the local police precinct on duty that night, arrived on the scene in the early morning of 10 November and ordered the arsonists to disperse. He said the building was a protected historical landmark and drew his pistol, declaring that he would uphold the law requiring its protection. This allowed the fire brigade to enter and extinguish the fire before it could spread to the fabric of the building, and the synagogue was saved from destruction. Senior Lieutenant Wilhelm Krützfeld, head of the local police precinct, and Bellgardt's superior, later covered up for him. Berlin's police commissioner
55:
646:
618:
157:
426:
liturgy was performed in front of a packed house of 3,000 in this synagogue on 25 October 1936. It was met with an enthusiastic ovation. The work comprises twelve different musical compositions, all based on the prayers recited during the
Sabbath Eve religious service. The collaboration was such a success that Winawer collaborated with Jacob Weinberg again on 5 September 1938 when he conducted Weinberg's prize-winning opera "The Pioneers of Palestine" (aka "Hechalutz" or "Die Chalutzim"), the first opera on
685:
2046:
671:
1286:
1298:
476:, remained intact and was subsequently repaired by the congregation, who continued to use it as synagogue until 1940. Besides being used for prayers, the main hall was also used for concerts and lectures, since Jews were banned from other venues. The main prayer hall was last used by the congregation for a concert on Sunday, 31 March 1940. The concert was the last of a series of benefit concerts in aid of the
164:
440:
survived
Kristallnacht, the pogrom of 9–10 November 1938. Unfortunately the equally-grand synagogue on Prinzregentenstrasse did not survive Kristallnacht. It was plundered of its valuables, torched, and ultimately destroyed; only a bronze plaque at the site remains of this magnificent structure. Both Jacob Weinberg and Chemjo Winawer went to the United States to avoid Nazi persecution.
745:
popularised the story that
Wilhelm Krützfeld rescued the New Synagogue. Knobloch learned about the rescue from the report of an eyewitness, the late Hans Hirschberg. Hirschberg, who was a boy in 1938, observed the fire with his father, the tailor Siegmund Hirschberg. He recalled that his father and a
484:
was required to announce that services in the New
Synagogue would not be held until further notice; this was the usual way Nazi prohibitions were publicised. Congregants were requested to evacuate their belongings from their shelves in the prayer hall by Monday 8 April. The main hall was then seized
754:
about the rescue of the New
Synagogue, he learned that the head of the precinct was Krützfeld and identified him as the officer. But Krützfeld was never conscripted in that war. After Knobloch's book appeared another neighbour, Inge Held, Hirschberg, and Hirschberg's sister in Israel all confirmed
553:
in 1989 that reconstruction of the front section began. From 1988 to 1993, the structurally intact parts of the building close to the street, including the façade, the dome, and some rooms behind were restored as the "Centrum
Judaicum" ("Jewish Center"); the main sanctuary was not restored. In May
537:
In 1958 the Jewish
Community of East Berlin was prompted to demolish the ruined rear sections of their building, including the soot-blackened ruin of the main prayer hall, leaving only the less-destroyed front section. The damaged, but mostly preserved, central dome on top of the front section was
425:
evening service composed by Jacob
Weinberg (1879–1956) and conducted by estimed conductor Chemjo Winawer. Winawer had been looking for a religious piece to conduct here and he discovered Jacob Weinberg's work. According to the Jewish Telegraph Service article of 26 October 1934, the Sabbath eve
492:
The
Rykestraße Synagogue was closed and seized by the Heer a week later. The Jewish Community of Berlin continued to use the office rooms in the front section of New Synagogue, including the Repräsentantensaal (hall of the assembly of elected community representatives) below the golden dome. The
439:
regime escalated. The Nazis did not allow Jewish works to be performed in regular concert halls attended by Aryans, but it did allow such works to be performed in other spaces such as synagogues. It was administered by Kurt Singer. The New
Synagogue (the Neue Synagogue on Oranienburger Street)
396:
The central dome is flanked by two smaller pavilion-like domes on the two side-wings. Beyond the façade was the front hall and the main hall with 3,000 seats. Due to the unfavourable alignment of the property, the building's design required adjustment along a slightly turned axis.
368:
and subsequently much was demolished; the present building on the site is a reconstruction of the ruined street frontage with its entrance, dome and towers, along with only a few rooms behind. It is truncated before the point where the main hall of the synagogue began.
746:
police officer, who was one of his father's clients and whom Hans assumed to be the head of the police precinct, got into a conversation, while the police officer was supervising the work of the fire brigade, about their experiences in the same sector of the front in
505:, a series of British air raids lasting from 18 November 1943 until 25 March 1944. The strike on the New Synagogue was recorded in the Berlin police commissioner's bomb damage reports, regularly issued after attacks, for the raid on the night of 22–23 November 1943.
508:
The building to the left from the New Synagogue, and the second one to the right at Oranienburger Straße 28, also belonged to Berlin's Jewish Community. These buildings survived the war intact, and it was in the latter that surviving Jews formally reconstituted the
413:
The New Synagogue was built to serve the growing Jewish population in Berlin, in particular, immigrants from the East. It was the largest synagogue in Germany at the time, seating 3,000 people. The building housed public concerts, including a violin concert with
533:
in East Berlin, hoping to spare themselves from further persecution, formed a new provisional executive board competent only for the eastern sector, and thus divided the Jewish community into an eastern and a western one (21 January 1953).
434:
themes (composed in 1924). It was performed on 5 September 1938, at another Berlin synagogue on Prinzregentenstrasse, as part of the Kulturbund. The Kulturbund was a program that permitted performances of Jewish works in Germany as the
404:
is also a monument of early iron construction. The new building material was visible in the outside columns, as well as in the dome's construction. Iron was also a core component for the now-lost floor structure of the main hall.
554:
1995, a small synagogue congregation was reestablished using the former women's wardrobe room. The area behind the restored frontage, formerly the main prayer hall, remains an empty space, and is open to visitors.
764:
In the original: "Die Platzinhaber werden hierdurch aufgefordert, ihre Gebetutensilien bis Montag, den 8. April, mittags 12 Uhr, aus den Pulten herauszunehmen." Quote from 'Jüdisches Nachrichtenblatt'.
1041:
2406:
629:
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became the first female pulpit rabbi in Berlin when she became the rabbi of the New Synagogue. Her installation was opposed by Berlin's senior Orthodox rabbi, Yitzchak Ehrenberg.
599:
1290:
645:
465:
only verbally reprimanded Krützfeld for shielding his subordinate and, partly in consequence, Krützfeld has often mistakenly been identified as the rescuer of the
1770:
1049:
352:
took responsibility for the majority of its construction as well as for its interior arrangement and design. It was inaugurated in the presence of Count
2152:
190:
2431:
1673:
2436:
513:, Berlin's mainstream Jewish congregation, in 1946. In the immediate post-war years, there were the anti-Semitic manifestations in Czechoslovakia (
458:
947:(in German). Vol. Jüdische Miniaturen, 17. Berlin: Hentrich & Hentrich and Stiftung Neue Synagoge Berlin / Centrum Judaicum. p. 49.
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1189:
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70:
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congregation occasionally held prayers in this hall until September 1942, when it had to evacuate the front section as well. During
2416:
418:
in 1930. With an organ and a choir, the religious services reflected the liberal developments in the Jewish community of the time.
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2386:
1931:
457:
scrolls, smashed the furniture, piled up such contents as would burn in the synagogue interior, and set fire to them. Lieutenant
156:
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480:(Jewish Winter Aid Endowment), a charity helping poor Jews, who had been excluded from government benefits. On 5 April 1940 the
2287:
1756:
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1735:
1165:
830:
705:
17:
2275:
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617:
2213:
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989:
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952:
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889:
861:
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389:. Beyond the entrance, the building's alignment changes to mesh with pre-existing structures. The synagogue's main
386:
1986:
462:
2137:
2142:
2122:
1701:
1261:
968:
700:
326:
1818:
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1981:
1936:
1911:
1867:
1442:
357:
1376:
481:
1801:
1560:
1406:
803:
242:
183:
1993:
1351:
584:
Jewish services are now held again in the New Synagogue; the congregation is the Berlin community's sole
1687:
2112:
349:
2097:
2070:
2020:
1855:
1659:
1432:
1001:
588:
synagogue. Most of the building, however, houses offices and a museum. The dome may also be visited.
2045:
2343:
2244:
2177:
2082:
1638:
1631:
1518:
2147:
1525:
1490:
1411:
1019:
486:
1966:
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322:
2157:
1645:
1624:
1504:
1366:
1336:
502:
498:
330:
230:
82:
538:
also torn down in the 1950s. East Berlin's Jewish Community, impoverished and small after the
2310:
2223:
2187:
1694:
1567:
1511:
1437:
1381:
1356:
473:
94:
2075:
325:
in Berlin is a mid-19th century synagogue built as the main place of worship for the city's
2300:
2295:
2127:
2117:
2030:
1808:
1581:
1447:
585:
378:
334:
75:
54:
1722:
1715:
1539:
1416:
609:
8:
2353:
2107:
1666:
1386:
449:(9 November 1938), colloquially euphemised as "Kristallnacht", a Nazi mob broke into the
237:
2172:
2025:
2010:
1872:
1850:
1708:
1588:
1183:
856:(in German) (Gesellschaft Hackesche Höfe e.V. ed.). Berlin: Argon. p. 74–79.
713:
558:
514:
2233:
1877:
2338:
2218:
2182:
1916:
1680:
1602:
1574:
1553:
1307:
1171:
1161:
948:
923:
885:
857:
854:
Die Hackeschen Höfe. Geschichte und Geschichten einer Lebenswelt in der Mitte Berlins
826:
718:
353:
2197:
2132:
1899:
1248:
1243:
2035:
1894:
1845:
1823:
1595:
1532:
922:(in German). Vol. Berliner Ansichten, 16. Berlin: Berlin-Edition. p. 58.
526:
345:
1253:
2305:
2265:
2255:
2228:
2167:
2065:
1998:
1976:
1609:
1497:
1452:
1197:
562:
415:
314:
87:
41:
1882:
1748:
773:
It says: "Heeresbekleidungsamt III Bln. C2, Oranienburger Str. 30 Totalschaden."
2270:
1961:
1889:
1833:
1796:
1652:
877:
742:
676:
2250:
1175:
2380:
2363:
2358:
2092:
2060:
2015:
1971:
1946:
1941:
1828:
1476:
1079:
849:
738:
690:
573:
543:
445:
361:
205:
192:
110:
882:
Der beherzte Reviervorsteher: ungewöhnliche Zivilcourage am Hackeschen Markt
2260:
2192:
1956:
1813:
1341:
522:
494:
365:
1127:
2348:
2333:
2003:
1921:
1906:
1840:
747:
550:
518:
569:
opened up in the area, catering to an increasingly bourgeois clientele.
2238:
1926:
1862:
382:
341:, the New Synagogue is an important architectural monument in Germany.
1238:
561:
neighbourhood (lit. "suburb towards Spandau", often confused with the
497:
the New Synagogue was heavily damaged; it was completely burned after
2320:
539:
99:
485:
by the Heeresbekleidungsamt III (uniform department No. III) of the
566:
338:
1297:
804:"Hallelujah! Assemble, Pray, Study – Synagogues Past and Present"
422:
144:
2407:
Buildings and structures in Berlin destroyed during World War II
1285:
823:
Jewish Berlin: Culture, Religion, Daily Life Yesterday and Today
721:– choirmaster at the Neue Synagogue and composer of sacred music
1780:
1396:
1326:
431:
427:
172:
134:
1228:
825:(in German) (1st (2000) ed.). Berlin: Jaron Verlag GmbH.
1788:
454:
295:
1474:
1042:"After Long Path Female Rabbi Installed in German Community"
436:
390:
377:
The front of the building, facing Oranienburger Straße, is
278:
517:, November 1952), arrests and interrogations of Jews in
782:
Odd and even numbers are on the same side of the street
542:(Shoah) and the flight of many surviving members from
1205:
Center for Holocaust and Genocide Education Documents
1198:"Do Not Stand Silent: Remembering Kristallnacht 1938"
918:
Matthes, Olaf (2000). Braun, Markus Sebastian (ed.).
393:, with its gilded ribs, is an eye-catching landmark.
666:
1283:
2153:Prussian National Monument for the Liberation Wars
1778:
984:
982:
2378:
1196:
360:, in 1866. One of the few synagogues to survive
1076:The team of the Oranienburger Strasse Synagogue
969:"Centrum Judaicum – Jewish Community of Berlin"
1008:
979:
942:
565:) experienced a revival. Chic restaurants and
489:(German Army), who used it to store uniforms.
163:
1764:
1269:
1034:
917:
852:(1993). "Im Revier 16 (In precinct No. 16)".
529:(started on 13 January 1953). Members of the
421:One of the concerts that occurred here was a
381:, richly ornamented with sculpted bricks and
1064:
639:, published by Wilhelm Ernst & Sohn 1896
333:which the community outgrew. Because of its
557:Together with the New Synagogue, the whole
364:, it was badly damaged prior to and during
1771:
1757:
1276:
1262:
1188:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
750:. When Knobloch did research for his book
53:
990:"A lone groan for female rabbi in Berlin"
913:
911:
909:
907:
905:
903:
901:
27:Conservative synagogue in Berlin, Germany
2432:Jewish organizations established in 1866
884:(in German). Berlin: Morgenbuch-Verlag.
876:
844:
842:
2437:Moorish Revival architecture in Germany
1932:Memorial to the Murdered Jews of Europe
1155:
820:
348:. Following Knoblauch's death in 1865,
95:Ecclesiastical or organisational status
14:
2379:
1674:Rödingen (LVR-Cultural Centre Village)
898:
848:
1752:
1257:
839:
549:It was not until the collapse of the
755:that the rescuer was Otto Bellgardt.
945:Die Synagoge Rykestraße (1904–2004)
24:
2397:Ashkenazi Jewish culture in Berlin
2392:19th-century synagogues in Germany
655:, outlining the building's history
623:The New Synagogue in current times
25:
2473:
2412:Buildings and structures in Mitte
1220:
1072:"Oranienburger Strasse Synagogue"
2447:Restored and conserved buildings
2316:Sachsenhausen concentration camp
2214:Berlin-Hohenschönhausen Memorial
2044:
1296:
1284:
1156:Mausner, Ellen Weinberg (2020).
1078:. or-synagoge.de. Archived from
683:
669:
644:
628:
616:
598:
162:
155:
2417:Conservative Judaism in Germany
1158:Jacob Weinberg: musical pioneer
1120:
1094:
1018:. mercazusa.org. Archived from
961:
936:
651:The plaque on the front of the
546:, saw no chance to restore it.
525:(January 1953), and the Soviet
2457:Synagogue buildings with domes
2387:1866 establishments in Prussia
2123:Kaiser Wilhelm Memorial Church
870:
814:
796:
776:
767:
758:
732:
701:History of the Jews in Germany
13:
1:
1937:Monument to Freedom and Unity
1868:Deutsches Historisches Museum
789:
706:List of synagogues in Germany
358:Minister President of Prussia
344:The building was designed by
337:style and resemblance to the
171:Location of the synagogue in
2462:Synagogues completed in 1866
2138:Museum Europäischer Kulturen
752:Der beherzte Reviervorsteher
472:The New Synagogue, like the
133:Oranienburger Straße 29–31,
7:
1688:du Quai Kléber (Strasbourg)
660:
511:Jüdische Gemeinde zu Berlin
372:
10:
2478:
2442:Moorish Revival synagogues
2113:Haus der Kulturen der Welt
1149:
1108:. Berlin Information Group
591:
482:Jüdisches Nachrichtenblatt
408:
2329:
2286:
2206:
2053:
2042:
1787:
1732:
1465:
1425:
1395:
1365:
1325:
1318:
1305:
1002:Jewish Telegraphic Agency
478:Jüdisches Winterhilfswerk
293:
288:
277:
269:
264:
256:
248:
236:
226:
221:
182:
150:
140:
129:
124:
116:
105:
93:
81:
69:
64:
52:
39:
34:
2427:Heritage sites in Berlin
2098:Freie Universität Berlin
2083:Berlin Zoological Garden
1987:Vorderasiatisches Museum
1249:2nd interior image c1870
725:
579:
474:synagogue in Rykestrasse
2422:Conservative synagogues
1779:Visitor attractions in
1016:"MERCAZ USA Newsletter"
943:Simon, Hermann (2004).
637:Berlin und seine Bauten
385:, accented by coloured
350:Friedrich August Stüler
2158:Schloss Charlottenburg
2143:Natural History Museum
2021:St. Hedwig's Cathedral
1505:Cologne (Glockengasse)
1368:North Rhine-Westphalia
1102:"Synagogues in Berlin"
821:Rebiger, Bill (2005).
318:
231:Synagogue architecture
184:Geographic coordinates
59:The synagogue, in 2016
45:
2224:German-Russian Museum
1982:Museum of Islamic Art
1512:Cologne (Roonstrasse)
1292:Synagogues in Germany
1128:"Masorti e.V. Berlin"
606:New Synagogue, Berlin
206:52.52472°N 13.39444°E
18:New Synagogue, Berlin
2452:Synagogues in Berlin
2402:Ashkenazi synagogues
2296:Charlottenhof Palace
2128:Kaufhaus des Westens
2031:Topography of Terror
1967:Oranienburger Straße
1819:Berlin Wall Memorial
1809:Alte Nationalgalerie
1244:Interior image c1870
1052:on 28 September 2011
379:polychrome brickwork
323:Oranienburger Straße
76:Conservative Judaism
2354:Transport in Berlin
2311:Potsdam Roman Baths
2288:Metropolitan region
2276:Soviet War Memorial
2163:Soviet War Memorial
1912:Humboldt University
1443:Munich (Ohel Jakob)
1022:on 28 February 2014
635:Interior view from
608:, 1865: now at the
501:bombing during the
202: /
2103:Gas Lantern Museum
2076:Bundespräsidialamt
1994:Platz der Republik
1851:Checkpoint Charlie
1737:List of synagogues
1407:Dresden (Neustadt)
714:Religion in Berlin
559:Spandauer Vorstadt
211:52.52472; 13.39444
2374:
2373:
2219:East Side Gallery
2178:Tempelhof Airport
2088:Botanical Gardens
2026:Staatsoper Berlin
1917:Kronprinzenpalais
1746:
1745:
1619:
1618:
1561:Nuremberg (Grand)
1461:
1460:
1352:Pestalozzistrasse
1167:979-8-6726-7605-0
1160:. United States.
1046:Interfaith Family
973:www.jg-berlin.org
920:Die Neue Synagoge
832:978-3-89773-099-1
719:Louis Lewandowski
610:Märkisches Museum
531:Jüdische Gemeinde
453:, desecrated the
354:Otto von Bismarck
329:, succeeding the
307:
306:
16:(Redirected from
2469:
2173:Tauentzienstraße
2048:
2036:Unter den Linden
1895:Hackescher Markt
1846:Brandenburg Gate
1773:
1766:
1759:
1750:
1749:
1738:
1481:
1478:Destroyed during
1472:
1471:
1399:
1377:Düsseldorf (New)
1369:
1329:
1323:
1322:
1312:
1300:
1293:
1288:
1278:
1271:
1264:
1255:
1254:
1239:Centrum Judaicum
1235:
1232:
1231:
1229:Official website
1216:
1214:
1212:
1202:
1193:
1187:
1179:
1143:
1142:
1140:
1138:
1124:
1118:
1117:
1115:
1113:
1106:www.berlinfo.com
1098:
1092:
1091:
1089:
1087:
1068:
1062:
1061:
1059:
1057:
1048:. Archived from
1038:
1032:
1031:
1029:
1027:
1012:
1006:
1005:
999:
997:
986:
977:
976:
965:
959:
958:
940:
934:
933:
915:
896:
895:
874:
868:
867:
846:
837:
836:
818:
812:
811:
800:
783:
780:
774:
771:
765:
762:
756:
736:
710:
693:
688:
687:
686:
679:
674:
673:
672:
648:
632:
620:
602:
503:Battle of Berlin
346:Eduard Knoblauch
327:Jewish community
303:
300:
297:
217:
216:
214:
213:
212:
207:
203:
200:
199:
198:
195:
166:
165:
159:
57:
32:
31:
21:
2477:
2476:
2472:
2471:
2470:
2468:
2467:
2466:
2377:
2376:
2375:
2370:
2325:
2306:Orangery Palace
2282:
2266:Tierpark Berlin
2256:Oberbaum Bridge
2234:Köpenick Palace
2229:Karl-Marx-Allee
2202:
2168:Spandau Citadel
2071:Bellevue Palace
2066:Aquarium Berlin
2049:
2040:
1999:Potsdamer Platz
1977:Pergamon Museum
1878:Friedrichstraße
1783:
1777:
1747:
1742:
1736:
1728:
1660:Heilbronn (Old)
1615:
1479:
1477:
1457:
1433:Darmstadt (New)
1426:In other states
1421:
1397:
1391:
1367:
1361:
1327:
1314:
1310:By state / city
1308:
1301:
1291:
1282:
1233:
1227:
1226:
1223:
1210:
1208:
1200:
1181:
1180:
1168:
1152:
1147:
1146:
1136:
1134:
1126:
1125:
1121:
1111:
1109:
1100:
1099:
1095:
1085:
1083:
1082:on 4 March 2014
1070:
1069:
1065:
1055:
1053:
1040:
1039:
1035:
1025:
1023:
1014:
1013:
1009:
995:
993:
988:
987:
980:
967:
966:
962:
955:
941:
937:
930:
916:
899:
892:
878:Knobloch, Heinz
875:
871:
864:
847:
840:
833:
819:
815:
802:
801:
797:
792:
787:
786:
781:
777:
772:
768:
763:
759:
741:explained that
737:
733:
728:
708:
697:
696:
689:
684:
682:
675:
670:
668:
663:
656:
649:
640:
633:
624:
621:
612:
603:
594:
582:
563:Scheunenviertel
446:November Pogrom
416:Albert Einstein
411:
375:
301:
296:centrumjudaicum
294:
243:Moorish Revival
210:
208:
204:
201:
196:
193:
191:
189:
188:
178:
177:
176:
175:
169:
168:
167:
88:Nusach Ashkenaz
60:
48:
28:
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46:Neue Synagoge
43:
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35:New Synagogue
33:
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19:
2261:Stasi Museum
2245:Molecule Man
2243:
2193:Viktoriapark
2108:Hauptbahnhof
1957:Neues Museum
1951:
1883:Tränenpalast
1824:Berliner Dom
1814:Altes Museum
1721:
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1646:Erfurt (Old)
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1342:House of One
1337:Fraenkelufer
1309:
1295:
1289:
1209:. Retrieved
1207:. 1 May 2008
1204:
1157:
1135:. Retrieved
1131:
1122:
1110:. Retrieved
1105:
1096:
1084:. Retrieved
1080:the original
1075:
1066:
1054:. Retrieved
1050:the original
1045:
1036:
1024:. Retrieved
1020:the original
1010:
1000:– via
994:. Retrieved
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366:World War II
343:
310:
308:
222:Architecture
29:
2349:Spree River
2334:Berlin Wall
2251:Müggelberge
2004:Sony Center
1922:Kulturforum
1907:Hotel Adlon
1873:Fernsehturm
1841:Bode Museum
1802:Weltzeituhr
1740:(in German)
1568:Opole (New)
1438:Mainz (New)
1382:Essen (Old)
1357:Rykestrasse
1234:(in German)
1137:21 February
1112:21 February
1086:21 February
1056:21 February
1026:21 February
996:21 February
748:World War I
709:(in German)
551:Berlin Wall
519:East Berlin
443:During the
302:(in German)
273:3,200 seats
209: /
71:Affiliation
2381:Categories
2301:New Palace
2239:Uber Arena
2183:Tiergarten
1927:Lustgarten
1863:DDR Museum
1582:Regensburg
1547:Königsberg
1448:Regensburg
1211:29 January
1176:1268472159
790:References
383:terracotta
197:13°23′40″E
194:52°31′29″N
106:Leadership
2344:Landmarks
2321:Sanssouci
2011:Reichstag
1667:Karlsruhe
1387:Selm-Bork
1184:cite book
567:boutiques
540:Holocaust
257:Completed
100:Synagogue
1709:Wittlich
1695:Sulzbach
1589:Rothwell
1201:(poster)
880:(1990).
743:Knobloch
661:See also
572:In 2007
373:Building
339:Alhambra
270:Capacity
130:Location
125:Location
65:Religion
2339:Culture
2198:Wannsee
1723:Zündorf
1716:Wörlitz
1702:Swabian
1681:Roxheim
1603:Spandau
1575:Prudnik
1554:Leipzig
1540:Kłodzko
1417:Görlitz
1319:Current
1150:Sources
592:Gallery
586:Masorti
432:Israeli
423:Sabbath
409:History
356:, then
335:Moorish
289:Website
145:Germany
141:Country
2364:S-Bahn
2359:U-Bahn
1856:museum
1781:Berlin
1596:Semper
1533:Kassel
1467:Former
1398:Saxony
1328:Berlin
1174:
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951:
926:
888:
860:
829:
739:Scheer
499:Allied
428:Hebrew
315:German
173:Berlin
135:Berlin
120:Active
117:Status
109:Rabbi
42:German
1789:Mitte
1610:Stolp
1498:Bytom
1453:Worms
726:Notes
580:Today
455:Torah
321:) on
284:Three
238:Style
1213:2023
1190:link
1172:OCLC
1162:ISBN
1139:2018
1114:2018
1088:2014
1058:2014
1028:2014
998:2014
949:ISBN
924:ISBN
886:ISBN
858:ISBN
827:ISBN
521:and
487:Heer
437:Nazi
400:The
391:dome
309:The
279:Dome
260:1866
252:1859
227:Type
83:Rite
1347:New
298:.de
281:(s)
2383::
1203:.
1186:}}
1182:{{
1170:.
1130:.
1104:.
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1044:.
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430:/
313:(
20:)
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