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Gestapo was to push the Polish Jewsâ16,000 personsâover the borderline, but this measure failed due to the stubbornness of the Polish customs officers. The loss of prestige as a result of this abortive operation called for some sort of compensation. Thus, the overreaction to
Herschel Grynszpan's attempt against the diplomat Ernst vom Rath came into being and led to the November pogrom. The background of the pogrom was signified by a sharp cleavage of interests between the different agencies of party and state. While the Nazi party was interested in improving its financial strength on the regional and local level by taking over Jewish property,
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speech in front of a group of journalists where he completely ignored the recent events on everyone's mind. According to Eugene
Davidson the reason for this was that Hitler wished to avoid being directly connected to an event that he was aware that many of those present condemned, regardless of Goebbels's unconvincing explanation that Kristallnacht was caused by popular wrath. Goebbels met the foreign press in the afternoon of 11 November and said that the burning of synagogues and damage to Jewish owned property had been "spontaneous manifestations of indignation against the murder of Herr Vom Rath by the young Jew Grynsban ".
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shown that 33% of Nazi Party members held no racial prejudice while 13% supported persecution. Sarah Ann Gordon sees two possible reasons for this difference. First, by 1938 large numbers of
Germans had joined the Nazi Party for pragmatic reasons rather than ideology thus diluting the percentage of rabid antisemites; second, the Kristallnacht could have caused party members to reject antisemitism that had been acceptable to them in abstract terms but which they could not support when they saw it concretely enacted. During the events of Kristallnacht, several
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2360:, a collective fine or "atonement contribution" of one billion Reichsmarks for the murder of vom Rath (equivalent to 4 billion 2021 ⏠or 7 billion in 2020 USD), which was levied by the compulsory acquisition of 20% of all Jewish property by the state. Six million Reichsmarks of insurance payments for property damage due to the Jewish community were instead paid to the Reich government as "damages to the German Nation". Jews were required to pay for the cost of all damages caused by the pogrom to their residences and businesses.
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newspaper in
Britain described the last move, which cut off the Jewish populace from their leaders, as "intended to disrupt the Jewish community and rob it of the last frail ties which hold it together." Their rights as citizens had been stripped. One of the first legal measures issued was an order by Heinrich Himmler, commander of all German police, forbidding Jews to possess any weapons whatsoever and imposing a penalty of twenty years' confinement in a concentration camp upon every Jew found in possession of a weapon hereafter.
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2189:(SA), containing instructions regarding the riots. This included guidelines for the protection of foreigners and non-Jewish businesses and property. Police were instructed not to interfere with the riots unless the guidelines were violated. Police were also instructed to seize Jewish archives from synagogues and community offices, and to arrest and detain "healthy male Jews, who are not too old", for eventual transfer to (labor) concentration camps.
451:
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2387:, an investigative journalist. The site, the size of four football fields, contained an extensive array of personal and ceremonial items looted during the riots against Jewish property and places of worship on the night of 9 November 1938. It is believed the goods were brought by rail to the outskirts of the village and dumped on designated land. Among the items found were glass bottles engraved with the
2350:'s orders requesting that the Jewish question be now, once and for all, coordinated and solved one way or another... I should not want to leave any doubt, gentlemen, as to the aim of today's meeting. We have not come together merely to talk again, but to make decisions, and I implore competent agencies to take all measures for the elimination of the Jew from the German economy, and to submit them to me.
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were granted entry into Poland, but the remaining 8,000 were forced to stay at the border. They waited there in harsh conditions to be allowed to enter Poland. A British newspaper told its readers that hundreds "are reported to be lying about, penniless and deserted, in little villages along the frontier near where they had been driven out by the
Gestapo and left." Conditions in the
2098:, Grynszpan fired five bullets at Vom Rath, two of which hit him in the abdomen. Vom Rath was a professional diplomat with the Foreign Office who expressed anti-Nazi sympathies, largely based on the Nazis' treatment of the Jews and was under Gestapo investigation for being politically unreliable. However, he also argued that the anti-Semitic laws were "necessary" to allow the
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2542:; Sasse "applauded the burning of the synagogues" and the coincidence of the day, writing in the introduction, "On 10 November 1938, on Luther's birthday, the synagogues are burning in Germany." The German people, he urged, ought to heed these words "of the greatest anti-Semite of his time, the warner of his people against the Jews."
2219:(Crystal Night), and looted their goods. Jewish homes were ransacked all throughout Germany. Although violence against Jews had not been explicitly condoned by the authorities, there were cases of Jews being beaten or assaulted. Following the violence, police departments recorded a large number of suicides and rapes.
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Fires were lit, and prayer books, scrolls, artwork and philosophy texts were thrown upon them, and precious buildings were either burned or smashed until unrecognizable. Eric Lucas recalls the destruction of the synagogue that a tiny Jewish community had constructed in a small village only twelve years earlier:
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In Vienna, the number of suicides also increased significantly until 1939: 1,358 suicides in 1938 (more than half of them by Jews); in 1939, there were significantly fewer with 1,045 suicides. These were suicide rates (number of suicides per 100,000) of 73 and 56 respectively - in comparison, in 2008
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in March 1938; more than 300,000 German and
Austrian Jews continued to seek refuge and asylum from oppression. As the number of Jews and Romani wanting to leave increased, the restrictions against them grew, with many countries tightening their rules for admission. By 1938, Germany "had entered a new
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To the consternation of the Nazis, the
Kristallnacht affected public opinion counter to their desires, the peak of opposition against the Nazi racial policies was reached just then, when according to almost all accounts the vast majority of Germans rejected the violence perpetrated against the Jews.
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Many
Berliners were, however, deeply ashamed of the pogrom, and some took great personal risks to offer help to their beleaguered Jewish neighbors. The son of a US consular official heard the janitor of his block cry: "They must have emptied the insane asylums and penitentiaries to find people who'd
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Mob law ruled in Berlin throughout the afternoon and evening and hordes of hooligans indulged in an orgy of destruction. I have seen several anti-Jewish outbreaks in
Germany during the last five years, but never anything as nauseating as this. Racial hatred and hysteria seemed to have taken complete
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A knowing reference to Arnold
Schoenberg's "Verklarte Nacht", the piece ironically juxtaposed the Israeli national anthem, "Hatikvah," with phrases from "Deutschland Uber Alles," amid wild electronic shrieks and noise. The next day the papers ran a picture of Lucas with the triumphant headline, "It
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was made with the belief that it would help him realize his ambition of getting rid of the Jews in Germany. Prior to this large-scale and organized violence against the Jews, the Nazis' primary objective was to eject them from Germany, leaving their wealth behind. In the words of historian Max Rein
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It did not take long before the first heavy grey stones came tumbling down, and the children of the village amused themselves as they flung stones into the many colored windows. When the first rays of a cold and pale November sun penetrated the heavy dark clouds, the little synagogue was but a heap
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was living in Paris with an uncle. Herschel received a postcard from his family from the Polish border, describing the family's expulsion: "No one told us what was up, but we realized this was going to be the end ... We don't have a penny. Could you send us something?" He received the postcard on 3
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The deportees were taken from their homes to railway stations and were put on trains to the Polish border, where Polish border guards sent them back into Germany. This stalemate continued for days in the pouring rain, with the Jews marching without food or shelter between the borders. Four thousand
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minister for economics. This, however, was only one aspect of the origin of the November 1938 pogrom. The Polish government threatened to extradite all Jews who were Polish citizens but would stay in Germany, thus creating a burden of responsibility on the German side. The immediate reaction by the
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As it was aware that the German public did not support the Kristallnacht, the propaganda ministry directed the German press to portray opponents of racial persecution as disloyal. The press was also under orders to downplay the Kristallnacht, describing general events at the local level only, with
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were expelled from Germany on 28 October 1938, on Hitler's orders. They were ordered to leave their homes in a single night and were allowed only one suitcase per person to carry their belongings. As the Jews were taken away, their remaining possessions were seized as loot both by Nazi authorities
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interviewed 41 randomly selected Nazi Party members on their attitudes towards racial persecution. Of the interviewed party-members 63% expressed extreme indignation against it, while only 5% expressed approval of racial persecution, the rest being noncommittal. A study conducted in 1933 had then
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The synagogues, some centuries old, were also victims of considerable violence and vandalism, with the tactics the Stormtroopers practiced on these and other sacred sites described as "approaching the ghoulish" by the United States Consul in Leipzig. Tombstones were uprooted and graves violated.
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to the "healthy instincts" of the German people. He went on to explain: "The German people are anti-Semitic. It has no desire to have its rights restricted or to be provoked in the future by parasites of the Jewish race." Less than 24 hours after Kristallnacht, Adolf Hitler made a one-hour long
3937:"On November 7, 1938, Herschel Grynszpan, a Jew, walked into the German embassy in Paris and shot Ernst vom Rath, a German diplomat. Nazi propagandists condemned the shooting as a terrorist attack to further the cause of the Jewish 'world revolution' and launched the series of attacks known as
2602:, and the Nazi government's deliberate policy of encouraging the violence once it had begun, laid bare the repressive nature and widespread anti-Semitism entrenched in Germany. World opinion thus turned sharply against the Nazi regime, with some politicians calling for war. On 6 December 1938,
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Estimates of fatalities caused by the attacks have varied. Early reports estimated that 91 Jews had been murdered. Modern analysis of German scholarly sources puts the figure much higher; when deaths from post-arrest maltreatment and subsequent suicides are included, the death toll reaches the
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Grynszpan made no attempt to escape the French police and freely confessed to the shooting. In his pocket, he carried a postcard to his parents with the message, "May God forgive me ... I must protest so that the whole world hears my protest, and that I will do." It is widely assumed that the
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The next day, the German government retaliated, barring Jewish children from German state elementary schools, indefinitely suspending Jewish cultural activities, and putting a halt to the publication of Jewish newspapers and magazines, including the three national German Jewish newspapers. A
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in 1961, Sendel Grynszpan recounted the events of their deportation from Hanover on the night of 27 October 1938: "Then they took us in police trucks, in prisoners' lorries, about 20 men in each truck, and they took us to the railway station. The streets were full of people shouting:
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activity". Some historians believe that the Nazi government had been contemplating a planned outbreak of violence against the Jews and were waiting for an appropriate provocation; there is evidence of this planning dating back to 1937. In a 1997 interview, the German historian
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believes that "many non-Jews resented the round-up", his opinion being supported by German witness Dr. Arthur Flehinger who recalls seeing "people crying while watching from behind their curtains". Rolf Dessauer recalls how a neighbor came forward and restored a portrait of
3076:, on 10 November 1938. Nazi authorities turned a blind eye as SA stormtroopers and civilians destroyed storefronts with hammers, leaving the streets covered in pieces of smashed windows. Ninety-one Jews were killed, and 30,000 Jewish men were taken to concentration camps."
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was varied. Many spectators gathered on the scenes, most of them in silence. The local fire departments confined themselves to preventing the flames from spreading to neighboring buildings. In Berlin, police Lieutenant Otto Bellgardt barred SA troopers from setting the
1862:
In the 1920s, most German Jews were fully integrated into the country's society as citizens. They served in the army and navy and contributed to every field of German business, science and culture. Conditions for German Jews began to worsen after the appointment of
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wrote in February 1938 that according to "a very reliable private sourceâone which can be traced back to the highest echelons of the SS leadership", there was "an intention to carry out a genuine and dramatic pogrom in Germany on a large scale in the near future".
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app users in Germany were sent a message reading "It's memorial day for Kristallnacht! Treat yourself with more tender cheese on your crispy chicken." KFC issued an apology approximately an hour later, blaming the original message on an "error in our system".
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of London observed on 11 November 1938: "No foreign propagandist bent upon blackening Germany before the world could outdo the tale of burnings and beatings, of blackguardly assaults on defenceless and innocent people, which disgraced that country yesterday."
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critical of Nazi racial ideology, and the Nazi regime expected to encounter organised resistance from it following Kristallnacht. The Catholic leadership however, just as the various Protestant churches, refrained from responding with organised action.
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The extent of the damage done on Kristallnacht was so great that many Germans are said to have expressed their disapproval of it, and to have described it as senseless. There was however no personal comment or even acknowledgment from the German leader
2915:, of which he says: "I began writing this piece in November 1988, on the 50th anniversary of the Kristallnacht ... My piece is a reflection on that vanished part of Jewish tradition which so strongly colors, by its absence, the culture of our time".
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The rioters destroyed 267 synagogues throughout Germany, Austria, and the Sudetenland. Over 1,400 synagogues and prayer rooms, many Jewish cemeteries, more than 7,000 Jewish shops, and 29 department stores were damaged, and in many cases destroyed.
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1964:, the party treasurer, kept the local and regional organizations of the party short of money. In the fall of 1938, the increased pressure on Jewish property nourished the party's ambition, especially since Hjalmar Schacht had been ousted as
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delivered the speech, in his place, and said that "the FĂŒhrer has decided that... demonstrations should not be prepared or organized by the party, but insofar as they erupt spontaneously, they are not to be hampered." The chief party judge
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2675:, there were hundreds of trials over Kristallnacht. The trials were conducted exclusively by German and Austrian courts; the Allied occupation authorities did not have jurisdiction since none of the victims were Allied nationals.
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has been referenced both explicitly and implicitly in countless cases of vandalism of Jewish property including the toppling of gravestones in a Jewish cemetery in suburban St. Louis, Missouri, and the two 2017 vandalisms of the
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and deputy Gauleiters had refused orders to enact the Kristallnacht, and many leaders of the SA and of the Hitler Youth also openly refused party orders, while expressing disgust. Some Nazis helped Jews during the Kristallnacht.
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changed the nature of Nazi Germany's persecution of the Jews from economic, political, and social exclusion to physical violence, including beatings, incarceration, and murder; the event is often referred to as the beginning of
4642:
Bernd Nellessen, "Die schweigende Kirche: Katholiken und Judenverfolgung", in BĂŒttner (ed) Die Deutschen und die Judenverfolgung im Dritten Reich, p. 265, cited in Daniel Goldhagen's Hitler's Willing Executioners (Vintage,
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Scheer, Regina (1993). "I'm Revier 16 (In precinct No. 16)". Die Hackeschen Höfe. Geschichte und Geschichten Feiner Lebenswelt in der Mitte Berlins (Gesellschaft Hackesche Höfe e.V. (ed.), pp. 78 ed.). Berlin: Argon.
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briefly reported on a 2008 remembrance meeting at a local Jewish congregation. According to eyewitness Esther Harris: "They ripped up the belongings, the books, knocked over furniture, shouted obscenities". Historian
2694:. In this view, it is not only described as a pogrom, it is also described as a critical stage within a process in which each step becomes the seed of the next step. An account cited that Hitler's green light for
1973:, in charge of the Four-Year Plan, hoped to acquire access to foreign currency in order to pay for the import of urgently-needed raw material. Heydrich and Himmler were interested in fostering Jewish emigration.
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there were 189 suicides in Vienna, thus a suicide rate of 11.2 (Fig. 1). The suicide problem was very prevalent - alone on the "Reichskristallnacht" - 9/10. November 1938 - 680 Jews in Austria died by suicide.
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On the morning of Monday, 7 November 1938, he purchased a revolver and a box of bullets, then went to the German embassy and asked to see an embassy official. After he was taken to the office of Nazi diplomat
237:
2591:. The United States recalled its ambassador (but it did not break off diplomatic relations) while other governments severed diplomatic relations with Germany in protest. The British government approved the
2379:. As part of government policy, the Nazis seized houses, shops, and other property the émigrés left behind. Many of the destroyed remains of Jewish property plundered during Kristallnacht were dumped near
2342:). Göring met with other members of the Nazi leadership on 12 November to plan the next steps after the riot, setting the stage for formal government action. In the transcript of the meeting, Göring said,
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wrote that no event in the history of German Jews between 1933 and 1945 was so widely reported as it was happening, and the accounts from foreign journalists working in Germany drew worldwide attention.
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to the German Consulate to deliver a petition which condemned the "cruel persecution of the Jewish people by the Nazi government of Germany". German officials refused to accept the tendered document.
2960:". Perkins subsequently apologized for making the comparisons with Nazi Germany, but otherwise stood by his letter, saying, "In the Nazi era it was racial demonization, now it's class demonization."
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In view of this being a totalitarian state a surprising characteristic of the situation here is the intensity and scope among German citizens of condemnation of the recent happenings against Jews.
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said: "The Jewish problem will reach its solution if, in anytime soon, we will be drawn into war beyond our borderâthen it is obvious that we will have to manage a final account with the Jews."
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wrote, "I suppose that it is Goebbels's megalomania...and stupidity which is responsible for starting this operation now, in a particularly difficult diplomatic situation." The Israeli historian
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Ernst vom Rath died of his wounds on 9 November 1938. Word of his death reached Hitler that evening while he was with several key members of the Nazi party at a dinner commemorating the 1923
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hold of otherwise decent people. I saw fashionably dressed women clapping their hands and screaming with glee, while respectable middle-class mothers held up their babies to see the 'fun'.
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In August 1938, German authorities announced that residence permits for foreigners were being canceled and would have to be renewed. This included German-born Jews of foreign citizenship.
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Jewish homes, hospitals and schools were ransacked as attackers demolished buildings with sledgehammers. Rioters destroyed 267 synagogues throughout Germany, Austria, and the
6008:
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Verbal complaints grew rapidly in numbers, and for example, the DĂŒsseldorf branch of the Gestapo reported a sharp decline in anti-Semitic attitudes among the population.
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alienated the 500,000 Jews living in Germany, who accounted for only 0.86% of the overall population, and framed them as an enemy responsible for Germany's defeat in the
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These laws resulted in the exclusion and alienation of Jews from German social and political life. Many sought asylum abroad; hundreds of thousands emigrated, but as
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The persecution and economic damage inflicted upon German Jews continued after the pogrom, even as their places of business were ransacked. They were forced to pay
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Judenpogrom: "Reichskristallnacht" November 1938 in Grossdeutschland : Daten, Fakten, Dokumente, Quellentexte, Thesen und Bewertungen (Aktuelles Taschenbuch)
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wrote in 1936, "The world seemed to be divided into two partsâthose places where the Jews could not live and those where they could not enter." The international
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2037:"were so bad that some actually tried to escape back into Germany and were shot", recalled a British woman who was sent to help those who had been expelled.
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Göring, who was in favor of expropriating the property of the Jews rather than destroying it as had happened in the pogrom, directly complained to
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was also instrumental in changing global public opinion. In the United States, for instance, it was this specific incident that came to symbolize
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says the shooting may have been the result of a love affair gone wrong, and that Grynszpan and vom Rath had become intimate after they met in
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immigration to other countries. By the time the conference took place, more than 250,000 Jews had fled Germany and Austria, which had been
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Chief Heydrich immediately after the events: "I'd rather you had beaten to death two-hundred Jews than destroy so many valuable assets!" (
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UC San Diego, Holocaust Living History Collection: Kristallnacht on Film: From Reportage to Reenactments, 1938-1988 â with Lawrence Baron
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After 1945 some synagogues were restored. This one in Berlin features a plaque, reading "Never forget", a common expression around Berlin
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There are many indications of Protestant and Catholic disapproval of racial persecution; for example, anti-Nazi Protestants adopted the
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5096:"Tom Perkins: Billionaire venture capitalist ridiculed after writing letter comparing the treatment of rich Americans to the Holocaust"
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prohibition against depictions of individual events. In 1939 this was extended to a prohibition on reporting any anti-Jewish measures.
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2579:, "...a line had been crossed: Germany had left the community of civilised nations." It discredited pro-Nazi movements in Europe and
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Beginning on November 9, the SA and Hitler Youth shattered the windows of about 7,500 Jewish stores and businesses, hence the name
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Die Reichskristallnacht in Deutschland nach Augenzeugenberichten (Bad Neustadter BeitrÀge zur Geschichte und Heimatkunde Frankens)
5618:"Reichskristallnacht". Der Novemberpogrom 1938 auf dem Lande â Gerichtsakten und Zeugenaussagen am Beispiel der Eifel und Voreifel
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Durance, Jonathan. "Silence and Outrage: Reassessing the Complex Christian Response to Kristallnacht in English-Speaking Canada."
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Among those expelled was the family of Sendel and Riva Grynszpan, Polish Jews who had emigrated to Germany in 1911 and settled in
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3941:. Vom Rath and Grynszpan met in Le Boeuf sur le Toit bar, a popular haunt for gay men in the autumn of 1938 and became intimate."
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Welch, Susan. "American opinion toward Jews during the Nazi era: Results from quota sample polling during the 1930s and 1940s."
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2789:'s 1988 composition "VerklÀrte Kristallnacht", which juxtaposes what would become the Israeli national anthem ten years after
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later stated that the message was clear; with these words, Goebbels had commanded the party leaders to organize a pogrom.
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Jantzen, Kyle, and Jonathan Durance. "Our Jewish Brethren: Christian Responses to Kristallnacht in Canadian Mass Media."
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comes from the shards of broken glass that littered the streets after the windows of Jewish-owned stores, buildings, and
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sent a telegram to Adolf Hitler denouncing the persecution of Jews. A more personal response, in 1939, was the oratorio
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2367:, more than 115,000 Jews emigrated from the Reich. The majority went to other European countries, the United States or
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restricting the rights of German Jews to earn a living, to enjoy full citizenship and to gain education, including the
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Houses of worship burned down, vandalized, in every community in the country where people either participate or watch.
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5132:"Tom Perkins Responds To Nazi Germany And 1 Percent Criticism, Says Kristallnacht Was 'Terrible Word To Have Chosen'"
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Walter Buch to Goring, 13.2.1939, Michaelis and Schraepler, Ursachen, Vol.12, p. 582 as cited in FriedlÀnder, p. 271.
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3070:"Windows of shops owned by Jews which were broken during a coordinated anti-Jewish demonstration in Berlin, known as
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2137:. After intense discussions, Hitler left the assembly abruptly without giving his usual address. Propaganda Minister
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living abroad for at least five years after the end of October, effectively making them stateless. In the so-called "
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Sonneck, Gernot; Hirnsperger, Hans; MundschĂŒtz, Reinhard (2012). "Suizid und SuizidprĂ€vention 1938-1945 in Wien ".
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2193:, in a message to SA and SS commanders, stated the "most extreme measures" were to be taken against Jewish people.
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4871:. Krefelder Juden in Amerika. Vol. 3. Cited in Johnson, Eric. Krefeld Stadt Archiv: Basic Books. p. 117.
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2173:. Goebbels needed a chance to improve his standing in the eyes of Hitler. At 1:20 a.m. on 10 November 1938,
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The pogrom marked a turning point in relations between Nazi Germany and the rest of the world. The brutality of
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2395:, painted window sills, and the armrests of chairs found in synagogues, in addition to an ornamental swastika.
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Some leading party officials disagreed with Goebbels' actions, fearing the diplomatic crisis it would provoke.
2113:
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2850:, prefigured a greater environmental catastrophe in the same way that Kristallnacht prefigured the Holocaust.
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The number of emigrating Jews surged, as those who were able to left the country. In the ten months following
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Scientists now predict our current course will raise world temperatures five degrees Celsius in our lifetimes
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were smashed. The pretext for the attacks was the assassination, on 9 November 1938, of the German diplomat
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5063:"Millionaire Apologizes for Comparing Progressives to Nazis, Says His Watch Is Worth a '6-Pack of Rolexes'"
4122:
Lucas, Eric. "The sovereigns", Kibbutz Kfar Blum (Palestine), 1945, p. 171 cited in Gilbert, op.cit., p 67.
3145:
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2161:. Goebbels had recently suffered humiliation for the ineffectiveness of his propaganda campaign during the
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in red ink on passports of German Jews to make it easier for Swedish border officials to turn them away.
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5164:"St. Louis Jewish cemetery rededicated after gravestones toppled by vandals - Diaspora - Jerusalem Post"
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In an article released for publication on the evening of 11 November, Goebbels ascribed the events of
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3800:""From Tears Come Rivers, from Rivers Come Oceans, from Oceans -a Flood": The Polenaktion, 1938-1939"
3725:
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2801:" amid wild electronic shrieks and noise, is intended to be a sonic representation of the horrors of
2568:
British Jews protest against immigration restrictions to Palestine after Kristallnacht, November 1938
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2423:
2340:"Mir wÀre lieber gewesen, ihr hÀttet 200 Juden erschlagen und hÀttet nicht solche Werte vernichtet!"
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5251:"Schwarzenegger compares Capitol mob violence to Kristallnacht destruction by Nazis in viral video"
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on 9â10 November 1938. The German authorities looked on without intervening. The euphemistic name
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also used the term to describe the violence in 2019 against Muslims by Sinhalese nationalists.
2880:(2003), features an anti-Nazi song entitled "Crystal Night" as the fourth track. The German band
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3272:...vom Rath joined the NSDAP (Nazi party) on July 14, 1932, well before Hitler's ascent to power
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that compared the "progressive war on the American one percent" of wealthiest Americans and the
2356:
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stripped German Jews of their citizenship and prohibited Jews from marrying non-Jewish Germans.
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Ehemalige Krefelder Juden berichten uber ihre Erlebnisse in der sogenannten Reichskristallnacht
2973:
From Broken Glass: My Story of Finding Hope in Hitler's Death Camps to Inspire a New Generation
2021:
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called for a "destruction by swords and flames." At a conference on the day after the pogrom,
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5225:"Finance minister slams Judenboykott, Kristallnacht re-enaction against Muslims in Sri Lanka"
4461:
Eugene Davidson. The Unmaking of Adolf Hitler. Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 1996.
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3168:, which means "Crystal Night". This Night of Crystal refers to the Night of Broken Glass...
2821:; Schoenberg was an Austrian Jew who would move to the United States to escape the Nazis).
2806:
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Reaktionen der deutschen Bevölkerung auf die Novemberpogrome im Spiegel amtlicher Berichte
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of 7 April 1933, which forbade Jews to work in the civil service. The subsequent 1935
1879:(implemented 23 March 1933) which enabled the assumption of power by Hitler after the
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5195:"Holocaust Memorial in Boston damaged for second time this summer - The Boston Globe"
4887:
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Georg Landauer to Martin Rosenbluth, 8 February 1938, cited in FriedlÀnder, loc. cit.
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2534:, one of the schismatic factions of German Protestantism, published a compendium of
1970:
1883:
of 27 February 1933. From its inception, Hitler's regime moved quickly to introduce
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Kristallnacht was publicly referenced on 10 January 2021 by the former Governor of
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Die "Juni-Aktion" 1938. Eine Dokumentation zur Radikalisierung der Judenverfolgung
4774:
3129:, (German: "Crystal Night"), also called Night of Broken Glass or November Pogroms
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4793:"The Swedish dream was always too good to be true. And now the far right is back"
4501:
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3963:"Nazis Smash, Loot and Burn Jewish Shops and Temples Until Goebbels Calls Halt",
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2020:", more than 12,000 Polish Jews, among them the philosopher and theologian Rabbi
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on fire, earning his superior officer a verbal reprimand from the commissioner.
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4071:"Die "Kristallnacht"-LĂŒge - Die Ereignisse vom 9./10. November 1938 | ZbE"
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3767:""Polenaktion" und Pogrome 1938 â "Jetzt rast der Volkszorn. Laufen lassen""
3491:. Hutchinson Encyclopedias (18th ed.). London: Helicon. p. 1,199.
978:
10902:
9106:
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8241:
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3379:
3024:
2990:
2946:
2941:
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2454:. "He wanted it to be known that not all Germans supported Kristallnacht."
2447:
2429:
2384:
1943:
1938:
1864:
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1604:
1507:
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325:
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210:
194:
174:
79:
5892:. The Holocaust Martyrs' and Heroes' Remembrance Authority. Archived from
5811:-- "At 7:00 in the morning I was a student, and at 5:00, I was a criminal"
2116:, which was a popular meeting place for gay and bisexual men at the time.
1000:
9945:
9584:
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8246:
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7402:
7133:
6680:
6526:
6496:
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6213:
5710:
5443:
5275:"Schwarzenegger rebukes Trump and compares Capitol riot to Kristallnacht"
4253:""JudenVermoegersabgabe" (The Center for Holocaust and Genocide Studies)"
4206:
Our German Cousins: Anglo-German Relations in the 19th and 20th Centuries
3771:
2867:
2782:
2767:
2583:, leading to a sharp decline in their support. Many newspapers condemned
2380:
2257:
2143:
2017:
2003:
1892:
1497:
1198:
911:
847:
354:
88:
4982:
1960:
The need for money by the party organization stemmed from the fact that
9938:
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9501:
9101:
8936:
8709:
8487:
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6420:
6383:
6309:
6197:
6037:
5359:
Nazi Germany and the Jews: Volume 1: The Years of Persecution 1933â1939
4626:
4624:
4110:
3666:
Island Refuge, Britain and the Refugees from the Third Reich, 1933â1939
2983:
2786:
2328:
2157:
believes that Goebbels had personal reasons for wanting to bring about
1868:
1771:
1599:
1482:
1477:
1457:
1367:
1352:
1327:
1275:
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347:
299:
156:
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8747:
6850:
6531:
6165:
5963:
5590:
The night of broken glass : eyewitness accounts of Kristallnacht
4221:("'Reichskristallnacht': The November pogroms of 1938"), Econ, 2000,
4004:"Heydrich's secret instructions regarding the riots in November 1938"
2863:
2829:
2818:
2611:
2483:
2209:
1948:
1933:
1648:
1265:
1235:
1230:
770:
372:
335:
8602:
4621:
3799:
2347:
10284:
9656:
9163:
8467:
8267:
6521:
6486:
6228:
5803:"Interview with Miriam Ron, Witness to the Events of Kristallnacht"
5484:
Violence, Memory, and History: Western Perceptions of Kristallnacht
3012:
2794:
2314:
2085:" ("Jews get out! Go to Palestine!"). Their seventeen-year-old son
1953:
1740:
1610:
1225:
968:
152:
5734:
Der Judenpogrom 1938: Von der "Reichskristallnacht" zum Völkermord
4811:"Post-War Justice â Sites of the Novemberpogrom 1938 in Innsbruck"
5972:
4100:"The deportation of Regensburg Jews to Dachau concentration camp"
3881:
2889:
2825:
2659:, it successfully demanded the Nazi authorities stamp the letter
2392:
2273:
2067:
2056:
1978:
1946:
claimed that a major motive for the pogrom was the desire of the
1293:
1286:
1247:
1220:
140:
7467:
5805:. The International School for Holocaust Studies. Archived from
5755:(in German). Bad Neustadt a. d. Saale: Rotter Druck und Verlag.
4711:"Telegram protesting against the persecution of Jews in Germany"
3994:
Graml, Anti-Semitism, p. 13 cited in FriedlÀnder, op.cit., p 272
3182:"In Germany, Kristallnacht goes by a different name. Here's why"
10256:
9167:
8977:
6392:
6248:
5945:
5777:
2735:
2325:
2299:
2166:
1903:. Beginning in 1933, the German government enacted a series of
1631:
1587:
837:
291:
132:
11335:
4609:
3245:
The Day the Holocaust Began: The Odyssey of Herschel Grynszpan
2971:, as the memorial's founder Steve Ross discusses in his book,
2842:. He opined that events which were then taking place, such as
357:. Over 7,000 Jewish businesses were damaged or destroyed, and
8342:
6955:
5600:
Pogrom November 1938 : testimonies from 'Kristallnacht'
5381:
Kristallnacht : the Nazi terror that began the Holocaust
2770:
came down in 1989, was not turned into a new German national
2699:
in 1988, "Kristallnacht came...and everything was changed."
1186:
144:
136:
9906:
5736:(in German). Frankfurt am Main: Fischer Taschenbuch Verlag.
3444:
2956:, among bloggers, Twitter users, and "his own colleagues in
2702:
While November 1938 predated the overt articulation of "the
9171:
5520:
Kristallnacht : Nazi persecution of the Jews in Europe
4495:
Guardian archive image of Goebbels foreign press conference
3015:, is set to feature a display featuring the Kristallnacht.
2739:
2331:
commented "For the first time, I am ashamed to be German."
320:
paramilitary forces along with some participation from the
120:
4597:
9691:
5914:
5841:"Kristallnacht: A Nationwide Pogrom, November 9â10, 1938"
5708:
4522:
3001:
2738:, forging the association between National Socialism and
2518:
in 1934, and the Catholic church had already distributed
1910:
Law for the Restoration of the Professional Civil Service
295:
5814:
5796:
4539:
4537:
3671:
The Evian Conference â Hitler's Green Light for Genocide
2809:
and received rave reviews. (The title is a reference to
11536:
Attacks on religious buildings and structures in Europe
4286:, Third Edition, (Yale Univ. Press, 2003, c1961), Ch.3.
2108:
assassination was politically motivated, but historian
1895:
and for its subsequent economic disasters, such as the
8860:
4664:
4289:
2227:
and imprisoned in Nazi concentration camps; primarily
1997:
1993:
Polish Jews expelled from Germany in late October 1938
9162:
5428:. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press.
5322:"Virtual Holocaust museum to be launched in Fortnite"
5299:"KFC apologises after German Kristallnacht promotion"
4585:
4573:
4561:
4549:
4534:
4388:, 9 November 1979, p. 27, cited in Gilbert, loc. cit.
3335:
2660:
5630:
5557:. Translated by Jefferson Chase. New York: Vintage.
4842:. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. pp.
3926:
Did gay affair provide a catalyst for Kristallnacht?
2944:. The letter was widely criticized and condemned in
2606:, an Aboriginal Australian, led a delegation of the
2477:
In 1938, just after Kristallnacht, the psychologist
2012:
stated that it would renounce citizenship rights of
29:"Crystal Night" redirects here. For the albums, see
5750:
3884:, quoted in Rita Thalmann and Emmanuel Feinermann,
3858:, London: William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd, 1986.
3692:
The Nazi Terror: Gestapo, Jews and Ordinary Germans
2678:
2383:. In October 2008, this dumpsite was discovered by
9890:Anti-Jewish violence in Czechoslovakia (1918â1920)
5421:
4743:
3668:, (London, Elek Books Ltd, 1973), p. 112, also in
3482:
3480:
2526:Martin Sasse, Nazi Party member and bishop of the
385:estimating 638 deaths by suicide. Historians view
5356:
4242:, New York, NY: Harper and Row, 1983, pp. 164â72.
3935:by Kate Connolly, The Guardian, 30 October 2001,
3609:Refugee Scholars: Conversations with Tess Simpson
2797:", with phrases from the German national anthem "
2165:, and was in some disgrace over an affair with a
1928:on 6 July 1938 addressed the issue of Jewish and
11457:
7413:Bund: Gemeinschaft fĂŒr ein sozialistisches Leben
5815:Allida Black; June Hopkins; et al. (2003).
5731:
5656:. (in German) Frankfurt a. M./New York: Campus.
4661:. New York: Penguin Books Ltd, 2004, pp. 666â67.
4518:. Frankfurt: J. Knecht. pp. 76â77, 175â176.
4219:"Reichskristallnacht" â Die Novemberpogrome 1938
3719:
3717:
3235:
3146:Beth Shalom National Holocaust Centre and Museum
8635:Civilians targeted during anti-partisan warfare
5666:
4886:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 12.
4513:
4031:. Frankfurt: Roederberg Publishing. p. 78.
3477:
3329:
2248:of stone, broken glass and smashed-up woodwork.
417:Anti-Jewish legislation in pre-war Nazi Germany
11501:Attacks on buildings and structures in Germany
11234:Overland Park Jewish Community Center shooting
6921:National Socialist Movement in the Netherlands
5867:. US Holocaust Memorial Museum. Archived from
5817:"The Eleanor Roosevelt Papers â Kristallnacht"
4658:Reformation: Europe's House Divided, 1490-1700
4516:Der Antisemitismus und das deutsche Verhangnis
4481:, 12 November 1938. Cited in Gilbert, Martin.
4329:"Kristallnacht remnants unearthed near Berlin"
3011:, a virtual museum based inside the videogame
2989:in a speech decrying the actions of President
2895:, dealing with the emotions engendered by the
2774:; a different day was chosen (3 October 1990,
1746:U.S. National Strategy to Counter Antisemitism
9212:
9148:
8995:Nazis and Nazi Collaborators (Punishment) Law
7483:
7181:
5930:
5689:
5636:Reichskristallnacht: Die Novemberpogrome 1938
5494:American Religious Responses to Kristallnacht
5093:
5023:
4391:
3714:
2905:was the inspiration for the 1988 composition
2398:
1843:
7195:
7109:
7100:
6940:National Socialist Workers' Party of Denmark
6621:
6612:
6601:
6545:
6536:
6418:
6409:
6390:
6381:
6355:
6324:
6163:
6156:
6117:
6093:
6052:
6042:
6028:
5979:
5970:
5961:
5827:. US National Park Service archive (nps.gov)
4906:
4754:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
3854:28 September 1979, p. 80; cited in Gilbert,
3590:
3588:
3586:
3163:
3124:
3071:
2836:, wrote of an "ecological Kristallnacht" in
2589:murderous pogroms incited by Imperial Russia
2575:sparked international outrage. According to
386:
329:
313:
304:
219:
186:
178:
51:
8694:List of major perpetrators of the Holocaust
5825:National Historic Site, Hyde Park, New York
5715:Kristallnacht: Zum Pogrom 1938 (Geschichte)
5499:
5482:McCullough, Colin, and Nathan Wilson, eds.
5411:Kristallnacht : prelude to destruction
4457:
4455:
3694:. United States: Basic Books, 1999, p. 117.
3368:
3366:
3282:
3280:
3162:The November Pogrom also has another name,
242:
9417:Persecution of Jews during the Black Death
9155:
9141:
7490:
7476:
7188:
7174:
5937:
5923:
5883:
5861:"Kristallnacht: The November 1938 Pogroms"
5442:
4941:
4430:"NEW CAMPAIGN AGAINST JEWS NAZI OUTBREAKS"
3621:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
3536:
2450:that had been "slashed to ribbons" by the
2196:
2128:
1952:of the NSDAP to seize Jewish property and
1850:
1836:
425:
395:and the murder of six million Jews during
60:
6910:German National Movement in Liechtenstein
5528:
4881:
4835:
4406:. Vol. 3, no. 2. pp. 6â9.
3583:
3391:
3096:
3090:
2762:, was cited as the main reason as to why
2502:The U.S. ambassador to Germany reported:
2225:More than 30,000 Jewish men were arrested
11146:
9237:Jewish revolt against Constantius Gallus
5424:Hitler, Germans, and the Jewish Question
4452:
4384:Dr. Arthur Flehinger, "Flames of Fury",
4326:
4026:
3486:
3363:
3351:
3277:
3195:
2587:, with some of them comparing it to the
2563:
2528:Evangelical Lutheran Church in Thuringia
2489:
2422:
2346:I have received a letter written on the
2308:
2293:
2200:
2055:
2044:
1988:
1869:National Socialist German Workers' Party
1181:
16:1938 anti-Jewish pogroms in Nazi Germany
11431:Antisemitic riots in the North Caucasus
5797:United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
5588:Gerhardt, Uta and Thomas Karloff, eds.
5549:
5319:
5125:
5123:
5029:
4866:
4860:
4790:
4751:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
4670:
4295:
4175:
4173:
4044:"Kristallnacht - Night of Broken Glass"
3957:
3723:
3594:
3402:
3357:
3345:United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
3311:United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
3301:
3299:
3297:
3295:
3286:
3221:. New York: HarperCollins. p. 42.
3211:
3179:
2856:was the inspiration for the 1993 album
2817:" that presaged his pioneering work on
2754:'s association with the anniversary of
2040:
11458:
5419:
5108:from the original on 25 September 2015
4682:
4630:
4615:
4603:
4591:
4579:
4567:
4555:
4543:
4528:
3910:
3850:"Recollections of Rosalind Herzfeld,"
3828:. London: The Times. 1 November 1938.
3664:, 23 May 1936, cited in A.J. Sherman,
3606:
3372:
3241:
2411:The reaction of non-Jewish Germans to
2177:sent an urgent secret telegram to the
1731:Swedish Committee Against Antisemitism
11098:Tel Aviv Central bus station massacre
9136:
8859:
8680:
8311:
7802:
7801:
7471:
7169:
5918:
5620:. (in German) Aachen: Helios-Verlag.
5273:Pengellly, Martin (January 10, 2021)
5144:from the original on 26 November 2015
4944:"An Ecological Kristallnacht. Listen"
4831:
4829:
4827:
4741:
4483:Kristallnacht: Prelude to Destruction
4397:
4339:from the original on 3 September 2013
3218:Kristallnacht: Prelude to Destruction
3142:"The November Pogrom (Kristallnacht)"
2995:attack he incited on the U.S. Capitol
2932:'s "demonization of the rich" to the
1762:Jerusalem Declaration on Antisemitism
808:during the Israel-Hamas war (2023-24)
503:Jerusalem Declaration on Antisemitism
277:
229:
11250:Hypercacher kosher supermarket siege
10840:Chez Jo Goldenberg restaurant attack
8282:Reich Association of Jews in Germany
6927:National Socialist Movement of Chile
5717:(in German). Köln: Pahl-Rugenstein.
5446:; Ross, Steven Joseph, eds. (2019).
5192:
5129:
5120:
5060:
5042:from the original on 26 October 2014
5011:from the original on 4 February 2016
4716:(in Spanish). El ClarĂn de Chile's.
4283:The Destruction of the European Jews
4170:
4081:from the original on 9 November 2018
3899:The Rise And Fall of the Third Reich
3797:
3643:from the original on 1 February 2013
3426:from the original on 22 January 2020
3292:
2924:published a letter from billionaire
2745:
2546:argued that Luther's 1543 pamphlet,
2437:, then restored by a German neighbor
2371:, though at least 14,000 made it to
10975:
10507:
10098:
9087:Armenian genocide and the Holocaust
5313:
5174:from the original on 22 August 2018
5032:"Progressive Kristallnacht Coming?"
4884:Remembering the Holocaust: A Debate
4723:from the original on 11 August 2012
4683:Miskin, Maayana (8 February 2010).
3874:
3134:
2834:Vice President of the United States
1998:Expulsion of Polish Jews in Germany
1058:21 Paths to the Kingdom of Darkness
13:
8681:
6966:World Union of National Socialists
6127:Adolf Hitler's cult of personality
6031:Nationalsozialistische Monatshefte
5865:Online exhibitions, special topics
5582:
5350:
5334:from the original on 9 August 2023
5005:"Mayn Yingele (Rzewski, Frederic)"
4824:
4791:Ă
sbrink, Elisabeth (14 May 2019).
4691:from the original on 14 March 2012
4410:from the original on 18 April 2018
4327:Connolly, Kate (22 October 2008).
4259:from the original on 21 April 2006
3950:"Nazis Planning Revenge on Jews",
3779:from the original on 30 March 2019
3724:Mommsen, Hans (12 December 1997).
3709:The Years of Persecution 1933â1939
3487:Multiple (1998). "Kristallnacht".
3416:"Kristallnacht: Damages and Death"
3204:'German Mobs' Vengeance on Jews",
3173:
2975:. The Sri Lankan Finance Minister
2666:
2559:
1756:Working definition of antisemitism
518:Working definition of antisemitism
112:(85 years, 316 days ago)
14:
11552:
11242:Jewish Museum of Belgium shooting
10991:Sbarro restaurant suicide bombing
10984:Dolphinarium discotheque massacre
7497:
7265:Nazi boycott of Jewish businesses
7012:Last surviving war crime suspects
5771:
5448:New Perspectives on Kristallnacht
5320:Gillott, Hannah (3 August 2023).
5205:from the original on 26 June 2018
5094:Williams, Rob (26 January 2014).
5075:from the original on 26 June 2020
4956:from the original on 3 April 2019
4514:MĂŒller-Claudius, Michael (1948).
4075:www.zukunft-braucht-erinnerung.de
3886:Crystal night, 9â10 November 1938
3738:from the original on 16 July 2012
3545:from the original on 6 March 2008
3180:Axelrod, Toby (9 November 2022).
3114:from the original on 22 July 2019
1867:(the Austrian-born leader of the
1736:Union of Councils for Soviet Jews
11218:Toulouse and Montauban shootings
11119:Maxim restaurant suicide bombing
11041:Matza restaurant suicide bombing
8650:Polish leaders and intellectuals
8140:Concentration Camps Inspectorate
7152:
7151:
7002:Nazi Party leaders and officials
5776:
5401:The third Reich in power. Vol. 2
5291:
5249:Barr, Jeremy (January 10, 2021)
5130:Ross, Philip (27 January 2014).
5030:Perkins, Tom (24 January 2014).
4440:from the original on 6 June 2021
3915:. New York: Praeger. p. 15.
3856:The HolocaustâThe Jewish Tragedy
3832:from the original on 23 May 2010
3317:from the original on 18 May 2018
3262:from the original on 6 June 2021
3152:from the original on 1 July 2019
2183:(Security Police; SiPo) and the
1821:
1820:
449:
324:and German civilians throughout
11337:2023 Hamas-led attack on Israel
10436:KremniÄka and NemeckĂĄ massacres
9245:Jewish revolt against Heraclius
7124:Political views of Adolf Hitler
5391:History of Intellectual Culture
5267:
5243:
5217:
5186:
5156:
5087:
5054:
4997:
4971:
4935:
4900:
4875:
4803:
4784:
4735:
4703:
4685:"Yad Vashem to Honor Aborigine"
4676:
4646:
4636:
4507:
4488:
4472:
4436:. 11 November 1938. p. 1.
4422:
4378:
4369:
4351:
4320:
4301:
4271:
4245:
4232:
4211:
4199:
4149:
4125:
4116:
4093:
4063:
4035:
4020:
3997:
3988:
3979:
3970:
3944:
3919:
3904:
3891:
3861:
3844:
3814:
3791:
3759:
3750:
3711:, London: Phoenix, 1997, p. 270
3697:
3684:
3655:
3629:
3600:
3571:from the original on 9 May 2008
3557:
3530:
3505:
3438:
3408:
3064:
2805:. It was premiered at the 1988
2595:program for refugee children.
2080:Juden Raus! Auf Nach PalÀstina!
1145:Protocols of the Elders of Zion
359:30,000 Jewish men were arrested
207:assassination of Ernst vom Rath
11526:Terrorist incidents in Germany
11027:Yeshivat Beit Yisrael massacre
10856:Neve Shalom Synagogue massacre
9866:Tel Aviv and Jaffa deportation
8578:Attack on the twentieth convoy
8391:1941 pogroms in eastern Poland
7452:History of the Jews in Germany
7017:Speeches given by Adolf Hitler
5847:. US Holocaust Memorial Museum
5793:Interview with Susan Warsinger
5522:(2009) for secondary schools.
5502:My Personal Brush with History
5383:(2012) for secondary schools.
4909:"Gary Lucas: Action guitarist"
4907:Seth Rogovoy (20 April 2001).
4633:, pp. 251, 252, 258, 259.
4485:. HarperCollins, 2006, p. 142.
4308:Jewish emigration from Germany
4183:. www.kold.com. Archived from
4165:, Western New England College.
4146:, Western New England College.
3775:(in German). 29 October 2018.
3513:Jewish History in Modern Times
3375:"World War II: Before the War"
3030:Nathan Israel Department Store
2969:New England Holocaust Memorial
2538:'s writings shortly after the
1101:Hunter (William Luther Pierce)
413:History of the Jews in Germany
409:History of the Jews in Austria
1:
11506:Political and cultural purges
11274:Pittsburgh synagogue shooting
10943:Mahane Yehuda Market bombings
6951:Ossewabrandwag (South Africa)
5474:Journal of Ecumenical Studies
4217:Döscher, Hans-JĂŒrgen (2000).
4208:(1974) by John Mander, p. 219
3976:FriedlÀnder, op.cit., p. 113.
3822:"Expelled Jews' Dark Outlook"
3726:"Interview with Hans Mommsen"
3539:"Nazi Germany â dictatorship"
3401:, 11 November 1938, cited in
3373:Taylor, Alan (19 June 2011).
3210:, 11 November 1938, cited in
3052:
3009:The Fortnite Holocaust Museum
2530:, leading member of the Nazi
2406:
2260:, wrote of events in Berlin:
2024:, and future literary critic
1695:Campaign Against Antisemitism
803:during the Gaza War (2008-09)
402:
279:[noËvÉm.bÉ.poËÉĄÊoËmÉ]
19:For the John Zorn album, see
11226:Jerusalem synagogue massacre
11133:Haifa bus 37 suicide bombing
10911:Dizengoff Street bus bombing
9351:Massacres at London and York
8915:Jewish war conspiracy theory
8106:Extermination through labour
6992:Bibliography of Adolf Hitler
6275:Aestheticization of politics
5821:Teaching Eleanor Roosevelt;
5751:Schultheis, Herbert (1985).
5609:
5535:. Harvard University Press.
5504:. Tacoma: Confluence Books.
5403:(Penguin, 2005) pp 580-610.
5301:. BBC News. 10 November 2022
5137:International Business Times
4942:Abert Gore (19 March 1989).
4775:UK public library membership
4135:, 11 November 1938 cited in
4060:, retrieved 26 November 2007
3035:November 9 in German history
2710:to come. Around the time of
2608:Australian Aboriginal League
2289:
1983:British Mandate of Palestine
1875:on 30 January 1933, and the
1684:Anti-antisemitism in Germany
1176:Antisemitism on the Internet
964:Jewish war conspiracy theory
346:, a 17-year-old German-born
100:9â10 November 1938
7:
10674:Night of the Murdered Poets
9097:Righteous Among the Nations
8312:
7783:Righteous Among the Nations
6932:National Socialist Movement
6900:Arrow Cross Party (Hungary)
5890:Yad Vashem's Photo Archives
5529:Steinweis, Alan E. (2009).
5496:(Palgrave Macmillan, 2009).
5450:. Purdue University Press.
5361:. New York, NY: Perennial.
4882:Alexander, Jeffrey (2009).
4836:Steinweis, Alan E. (2009).
4745:"Tippett, Sir Michael Kemp"
4742:Lewis, Geraint (May 2010).
3913:The Day the Holocaust Began
3489:The Hutchinson Encyclopedia
3397:"A Black Day for Germany",
3018:
2070:, Germany. At the trial of
1721:Southern Poverty Law Center
880:COVID-19 pandemic incidents
10:
11557:
11105:Davidka Square bus bombing
10816:Antwerp summer camp attack
10690:Shafrir synagogue shooting
10393:Operation Harvest Festival
9502:Massacre of the Assumption
8834:Ukrainian Auxiliary Police
8804:Lithuanian Security Police
8723:Reich Security Main Office
7690:Evidence and documentation
6946:Nordic Resistance Movement
6084:National Socialist Program
5944:
5671:(in German). SaarbrĂŒcken:
5616:Arntz, Hans-Dieter (2008)
5420:Gordon, Sarah Ann (1984).
5357:Friedlander, Saul (1998).
4181:"Kristallnacht Remembered"
4156:"The Road to World War II"
4137:"The Road to World War II"
4027:Schnabel, Reimund (1957).
3511:Goldstein, Joseph (1995).
3422:. Emory University. 2018.
2552:was a "blueprint" for the
2549:On the Jews and Their Lies
2001:
1131:On the Jews and Their Lies
406:
28:
18:
11308:
11193:
11171:Tel Aviv shawarma bombing
11126:Shmuel HaNavi bus bombing
11082:
11048:Hebrew University bombing
11004:
10968:
10961:
10878:
10799:
10769:Ben Yehuda Street bombing
10729:Avivim school bus bombing
10720:
10665:
10652:Menarsha synagogue attack
10643:
10616:Ben Yehuda Street bombing
10593:
10543:
10500:
10450:
10406:
10370:
10334:
10185:
10163:
10127:
10089:
9761:
9754:
9560:
9380:
9373:
9302:
9267:
9185:
9178:
9050:Books and other resources
9037:
8953:
8882:
8878:
8855:
8789:
8761:
8702:
8689:
8676:
8615:
8563:
8516:
8453:
8423:
8361:
8333:
8324:
8320:
8307:
8265:
8224:
8176:
8162:
8124:
8083:
7983:
7940:
7818:
7814:
7797:
7713:
7682:
7582:Bulgarian-occupied Greece
7509:
7505:
7444:
7435:VergangenheitsbewÀltigung
7421:
7390:
7332:
7314:
7257:
7221:
7203:
7149:
7057:
7031:
6983:
6915:Nasjonal Samling (Norway)
6883:
6840:
6755:
6635:
6264:
6068:
5952:
5732:Pehle, Walter H. (1988).
5652:Faludi, Christian (2013)
5193:Reporter, Adam Vaccaro-.
4504:, retrieved 12 March 2017
4500:12 September 2015 at the
4161:30 September 2007 at the
4142:30 September 2007 at the
3705:Nazi Germany and The Jews
3459:10.1007/s40211-012-0032-8
3420:Holocaust Denial On Trial
3339:; Kramer; Arnold (2005).
2884:published a song titled "
2758:, as well as the earlier
2637:and other members of the
2123:
1706:Fundamental Rights Agency
1139:Undisputed Over The World
954: Jewish conspiracy
314:
305:
201:
170:
162:
126:
116:
96:
75:
59:
50:
11298:Monsey Hanukkah stabbing
11282:Poway synagogue shooting
11179:Jerusalem yeshiva attack
11013:Ghriba synagogue bombing
10935:Island of Peace massacre
10386:Kielce cemetery massacre
8640:People with disabilities
8573:Aid and Rescue Committee
7408:Jews in hiding in Berlin
7197:The Holocaust in Germany
6856:Nazi concentration camps
6372:Economic interventionism
6334:Jewish conspiracy theory
6137:Night of the Long Knives
6113:Religion in Nazi Germany
5667:Korb, Alexander (2007).
5573:Social science quarterly
5555:Hitler: Ascent 1889-1939
4979:"BAP Songtexte (German)"
4687:. Israel National News.
4618:, pp. 175â179, 215.
4375:Gilbert, op. cit., p. 70
2647:by the English composer
2197:Riots and Kristallnacht
1767:Three Ds of antisemitism
1751:Wiener Holocaust Library
1701:Community Security Trust
1563:Black Death persecutions
1078:The Dearborn Independent
1051:Antisemitic publications
68:Fasanenstrasse Synagogue
41:(1986 Omega Tribe album)
11541:1938 murders in Germany
11531:Vandalized works of art
11491:Antisemitism in Germany
10832:Vienna synagogue attack
10808:Paris synagogue bombing
10052:The Bloody Day in Jaffa
8781:Order Police battalions
7429:German collective guilt
7270:Anti-Jewish legislation
6961:Tsagaan Khas (Mongolia)
5694:(in German). Bleicher.
5638:(in German). Ullstein.
5280:11 January 2021 at the
5256:11 January 2021 at the
4867:Krefeld, Stadt (1988).
4780:(subscription required)
4400:"A History of Violence"
4131:Carleton Greene, Hugh.
4015:Simon Wiesenthal Center
3911:Schwab, Gerald (1990).
3880:German State Archives,
3565:"Hitler's Enabling Act"
3248:. Praeger. p. 14.
3242:Schwab, Gerald (1990).
3107:EncyclopĂŠdia Britannica
2706:", it foreshadowed the
2627:Gabriel GonzĂĄlez Videla
2479:Michael MĂŒller-Claudius
2129:Death of Ernst vom Rath
1716:Simon Wiesenthal Center
1468:Corneliu Zelea Codreanu
1242:The Occidental Observer
1205:Europa: The Last Battle
1153:Between Blacks and Jews
1151:The Secret Relationship
426:Early Nazi persecutions
34:(Attacco Decente album)
11155:Beersheba bus bombings
10761:Kiryat Shmona massacre
10682:Scorpion Pass massacre
10379:Warsaw Ghetto Uprising
9810:Second Kishinev pogrom
9550:Portuguese Inquisition
9202:2nd Alexandrian pogrom
8630:Soviet urban residents
7721:International response
7695:Contemporary knowledge
7110:
7101:
6622:
6613:
6602:
6577:Social interventionism
6546:
6537:
6419:
6410:
6405:Greater Germanic Reich
6391:
6382:
6356:
6325:
6164:
6157:
6118:
6094:
6089:Hitler's rise to power
6053:
6043:
6029:
5994:League of German Girls
5980:
5971:
5962:
5845:Holocaust Encyclopedia
5791:Voices on Antisemitism
5690:Lauber, Heinz (1981).
5575:95.3 (2014): 615-635.
5476:46.4 (2011): 537-548.
4760:10.1093/ref:odnb/69100
4105:6 October 2018 at the
3931:25 August 2013 at the
3677:27 August 2013 at the
3164:
3125:
3072:
2828:, then a senator from
2799:Deutschland Ăber Alles
2569:
2508:
2495:
2441:The British historian
2438:
2352:
2321:
2313:A ruined synagogue in
2306:
2298:A ruined synagogue in
2287:
2270:do things like that!"
2267:
2250:
2212:
2063:
2053:
2022:Abraham Joshua Heschel
1994:
1975:
1726:Stephen Roth Institute
1689:Anti-Defamation League
387:
330:
270:
231:[kÊÉȘsËtalnaÏt]
220:
187:
179:
52:
11055:Rishon LeZion bombing
10777:Coastal Road massacre
9778:First Kishinev pogrom
9569:Chmielnicki massacres
9486:Schaffhausen Massacre
9405:Armleder persecutions
9359:Rintfleisch massacres
9077:Memorials and museums
9015:Reparations Agreement
9010:Holocaust restitution
8588:Le Chambon-sur-Lignon
8111:Human experimentation
7950:Auschwitz II-Birkenau
6871:Human experimentation
6567:Reactionary modernism
6512:Anti-Slavic sentiment
6239:Human experimentation
5973:Geheime Staatspolizei
5785:at Wikimedia Commons
4113:Photo Archives 57659)
4009:7 August 2017 at the
3869:Eichmann in Jerusalem
3607:Cooper, R.M. (1992).
3517:Sussex Academic Press
2987:Arnold Schwarzenegger
2567:
2504:
2493:
2426:
2344:
2312:
2297:
2283:
2281:is quoted as saying:
2262:
2245:
2204:
2059:
2048:
1992:
1958:
1873:Chancellor of Germany
1433:William Luther Pierce
1111:The International Jew
1023:Stab-in-the-back myth
1006:Rootless cosmopolitan
407:Further information:
259:Night of Broken Glass
227:German pronunciation:
11521:November 1938 events
11516:Massacres in Germany
11290:Jersey City shooting
11163:Ashdod Port bombings
10745:Lod Airport massacre
10706:Purge of Polish Jews
10630:Kfar Etzion massacre
10136:CzÄstochowa massacre
9897:1920 Nebi Musa riots
9717:Fourth Odessa pogrom
9673:Second Odessa pogrom
8277:Jewish Ghetto Police
8146:Politische Abteilung
8041:Risiera di San Sabba
7902:Natzweiler-Struthof
7398:Rosenstrasse protest
7281:Judenvermögensabgabe
6905:German American Bund
6285:Anti-intellectualism
6132:Enabling Act of 1933
5911:. November 05, 2020.
5632:Döscher, Hans-JĂŒrgen
5500:Mayer, Kurt (2009).
5327:The Jewish Chronicle
4606:, pp. 180, 207.
4398:Rinde, Meir (2017).
4240:Justice at Nuremberg
3611:. Leeds. p. 31.
3148:. 14 December 2016.
3100:(20 December 2018).
3000:On 9 November 2022,
2807:Berlin Jazz Festival
2776:German reunification
2750:Five decades later,
2653:government of Sweden
2357:Judenvermögensabgabe
2114:Le Boeuf sur le Toit
2041:Shooting of vom Rath
2026:Marcel Reich-Ranicki
1897:1920s hyperinflation
1885:anti-Jewish policies
1810:Zionist antisemitism
1617:Martyrdom in Judaism
1343:Richard Girnt Butler
1096:Hitlers Zweites Buch
682:textbook controversy
391:as a prelude to the
365:. British historian
361:and incarcerated in
185:(SA) stormtroopers,
66:Partially destroyed
11112:Café Hillel bombing
10480:Tripolitania pogrom
10278:Kamianets-Podilskyi
9802:Fifth Odessa pogrom
9740:1898 Algerian riots
9681:Third Odessa pogrom
9625:First Odessa pogrom
9510:Spanish Inquisition
9494:Moroccan revolution
9374:14th â 19th century
9304:Rhineland massacres
9055:Days of remembrance
8968:Holocaust survivors
8963:Depopulated shtetls
8814:Rollkommando Hamann
8660:Jehovah's Witnesses
8478:Kamianets-Podilskyi
7540:Bohemia and Moravia
7234:Bohemia and Moravia
7032:Role and impact in
6895:American Nazi Party
6346:Cult of personality
6315:Class collaboration
6224:Extermination camps
6209:Concentration camps
6152:Anti-Comintern Pact
5884:Yad Vashem (2004).
5262:The Washington Post
5229:www.economynext.com
5036:Wall Street Journal
4653:Diarmaid MacCulloch
4531:, pp. 263â264.
4313:12 May 2013 at the
4077:. 26 October 2004.
3897:William L. Shirer,
3798:Corb, Noam (2020).
3703:FriedlÀnder, Saul.
3662:Manchester Guardian
3341:The World Must Know
3207:The Daily Telegraph
3058:Informational notes
3046:A Child of Our Time
2977:Mangala Samaraweera
2921:Wall Street Journal
2644:A Child of Our Time
2610:on a march through
2544:Diarmaid MacCulloch
2369:Mandatory Palestine
2110:Hans-JĂŒrgen Döscher
1962:Franz Xaver Schwarz
1899:and the subsequent
1659:Spanish Inquisition
1558:Rhineland massacres
1068:Culture of Critique
922:Cultural Bolshevism
363:concentration camps
298:carried out by the
11210:Burgas bus bombing
10895:Crown Heights riot
10848:Ras Burqa massacre
10559:Haifa Oil Refinery
10415:Ardeatine massacre
10350:Dzyatlava massacre
9770:CzÄstochowa pogrom
9389:Shepherds' Crusade
9194:Alexandrian pogrom
9179:1st â 13th century
9038:History and memory
8942:Forced euthanasia
8890:Nazi racial policy
8593:Danish underground
8440:Operation Reinhard
8435:Wannsee Conference
7239:East Upper Silesia
7119:German Romanticism
7007:Nazi Party members
6861:Extermination camp
6254:Racial segregation
5982:Deutsches Jungvolk
5598:Levitt, Ruth, ed.
5532:Kristallnacht 1938
5464:see online excerpt
5399:Evans, Richard J.
5061:Weissman, Jordan.
4949:The New York Times
4839:Kristallnacht 1938
4448:– via Trove.
3967:, 11 November 1938
3804:Yad Vashem Studies
3387:on 7 January 2015.
3337:Berenbaum, Michael
3098:Berenbaum, Michael
2839:The New York Times
2721:Das Schwarze Korps
2682:as a turning point
2570:
2516:Barmen Declaration
2496:
2439:
2336:Sicherheitspolizei
2324:The former German
2322:
2307:
2213:
2180:Sicherheitspolizei
2064:
2054:
2050:Herschel Grynszpan
2029:and by neighbors.
1995:
1981:leadership in the
1956:. Mommsen stated:
1934:annexed by Germany
1627:Pale of Settlement
1533:Gamal Abdel Nasser
1453:Kevin Alfred Strom
1438:Richard B. Spencer
1281:Triple parentheses
1164:The Turner Diaries
1137:Our Race Will Rule
1106:1988 Hamas Charter
900:Antisemitic tropes
786:Christian Identity
719:Conservative Party
344:Herschel Grynszpan
263:November pogrom(s)
261:, also called the
205:Vengeance for the
197:, German civilians
11511:Massacres in 1938
11453:
11452:
11449:
11448:
11425:
11424:
11266:Halamish stabbing
11258:Tel Aviv shooting
11189:
11188:
11142:
11141:
11078:
11077:
11034:Passover massacre
11000:
10999:
10957:
10956:
10953:
10952:
10919:Beit Lid massacre
10874:
10873:
10795:
10794:
10785:Nahariya massacre
10716:
10715:
10661:
10660:
10639:
10638:
10589:
10588:
10552:Fajja bus attacks
10539:
10538:
10496:
10495:
10446:
10445:
10402:
10401:
10366:
10365:
10330:
10329:
10181:
10180:
10159:
10158:
10123:
10122:
10107:Tiberias massacre
10036:Constantine riots
9983:
9982:
9908:Russian Civil War
9750:
9749:
9726:
9725:
9470:Brussels massacre
9464:
9463:
9369:
9368:
9337:
9336:
9263:
9262:
9253:Battle of Khaybar
9229:Bar Kokhba revolt
9130:
9129:
9126:
9125:
9122:
9121:
8973:Sh'erit ha-Pletah
8920:Jewish emigration
8910:Hitler's prophecy
8905:Haavara Agreement
8851:
8850:
8847:
8846:
8839:Ypatingasis bƫrys
8736:Sicherheitsdienst
8672:
8671:
8668:
8667:
8611:
8610:
8531:Bielski partisans
8303:
8302:
8299:
8298:
8295:
8294:
8134:TotenkopfverbÀnde
7793:
7792:
7465:
7464:
7163:
7162:
6736:Strasser (Gregor)
6615:Volksgemeinschaft
6560:Völkisch movement
6555:Völkisch equality
6142:Nuremberg rallies
6103:German rearmament
5823:Eleanor Roosevelt
5781:Media related to
5682:978-3-8364-4823-9
5662:978-3-593-39823-5
5645:978-3-550-07495-0
5626:978-3-938208-69-4
5564:978-1-101-87205-5
5542:978-0-674-03623-9
5511:978-0-578-03911-4
5492:Mazzenga, Maria.
5457:978-1-61249-616-0
5409:Gilbert, Martin.
5170:. 7 August 2017.
4773:(Subscription or
4467:978-0-8262-1045-6
3954:, 9 November 1938
3852:Jewish Chronicle,
3826:Newspaper article
3681:, by Annette Shaw
3525:978-1-898723-06-6
3040:Spandau Synagogue
2811:Arnold Schoenberg
2746:Modern references
2671:After the end of
2639:Congress of Chile
2532:German Christians
2208:, shop damage in
2175:Reinhard Heydrich
2101:Volksgemeinschaft
2052:, 7 November 1938
1937:radical phase in
1860:
1859:
1642:Russian Civil War
1583:Ghettos in Europe
1413:Ernest G. Liebold
1312:Prominent figures
1193:The Daily Stormer
1083:Ethnic Cleansing
1063:The Barnes Review
942:Franklin Prophecy
350:living in Paris.
216:
215:
11548:
11496:Arson in Germany
11442:
11439:Dagestan attacks
11434:
11418:
11411:
11404:
11397:
11390:
11383:
11376:
11369:
11362:
11355:
11348:
11333:
11332:
11328:
11325:Beersheba attack
11320:
11301:
11293:
11285:
11277:
11269:
11261:
11253:
11245:
11237:
11229:
11221:
11213:
11205:
11182:
11174:
11166:
11158:
11144:
11143:
11135:
11128:
11121:
11114:
11107:
11100:
11093:
11080:
11079:
11071:
11064:
11057:
11050:
11043:
11036:
11029:
11022:
11015:
11002:
11001:
10993:
10986:
10973:
10972:
10966:
10965:
10946:
10938:
10930:
10922:
10914:
10906:
10898:
10890:
10887:Cairo bus attack
10876:
10875:
10867:
10859:
10851:
10843:
10835:
10827:
10819:
10811:
10797:
10796:
10788:
10780:
10772:
10764:
10756:
10753:Ma'alot massacre
10748:
10740:
10732:
10718:
10717:
10709:
10701:
10693:
10685:
10677:
10663:
10662:
10654:
10641:
10640:
10632:
10625:
10618:
10611:
10604:
10591:
10590:
10582:
10575:
10568:
10561:
10554:
10541:
10540:
10532:
10525:
10518:
10505:
10504:
10489:
10482:
10475:
10468:
10466:TopoÄŸÄany pogrom
10461:
10459:Deutsch SchĂŒtzen
10448:
10447:
10439:
10431:
10429:SÄrmaÈu massacre
10424:
10417:
10404:
10403:
10395:
10388:
10381:
10368:
10367:
10359:
10352:
10345:
10343:DĂŒnamĂŒnde Action
10332:
10331:
10323:
10315:
10308:
10306:Kaunas (October)
10301:
10294:
10287:
10280:
10273:
10266:
10259:
10252:
10245:
10238:
10231:
10224:
10217:
10210:
10203:
10196:
10183:
10182:
10174:
10161:
10160:
10152:
10145:
10138:
10125:
10124:
10116:
10109:
10096:
10095:
10082:
10080:
10063:
10055:
10047:
10039:
10031:
10023:
10015:
10007:
10005:
9992:
9989:Zavirtcha pogrom
9976:
9969:
9962:
9955:
9948:
9941:
9934:
9927:
9920:
9904:
9903:
9899:
9892:
9885:
9877:
9869:
9861:
9853:
9845:
9837:
9829:
9821:
9818:BiaĆystok pogrom
9813:
9805:
9797:
9789:
9781:
9773:
9759:
9758:
9743:
9735:
9719:
9712:
9705:
9689:
9688:
9684:
9676:
9668:
9660:
9652:
9644:
9636:
9628:
9620:
9612:
9609:Algiers massacre
9604:
9596:
9593:Massacre of Uman
9588:
9580:
9572:
9553:
9545:
9537:
9529:
9521:
9513:
9505:
9497:
9489:
9481:
9473:
9457:
9450:
9443:
9436:
9429:
9413:
9412:
9408:
9400:
9392:
9378:
9377:
9362:
9354:
9346:
9330:
9323:
9316:
9300:
9299:
9295:
9292:Granada massacre
9287:
9279:
9276:CĂłrdoba massacre
9256:
9248:
9240:
9232:
9224:
9221:The Great Revolt
9210:
9209:
9205:
9197:
9183:
9182:
9157:
9150:
9143:
9134:
9133:
9022:Holocaust denial
9000:Nuremberg trials
8990:Postwar violence
8945:
8880:
8879:
8857:
8856:
8819:Special Brigades
8809:Nederlandsche SS
8776:Police Regiments
8700:
8699:
8678:
8677:
8538:Ghetto uprisings
8526:Jewish partisans
8473:Harvest Festival
8445:Holocaust trains
8331:
8330:
8322:
8321:
8309:
8308:
8174:
8173:
8070:
8048:
8030:
8011:
7993:
7816:
7815:
7799:
7798:
7507:
7506:
7492:
7485:
7478:
7469:
7468:
7445:Related articles
7258:Preceding events
7209:
7190:
7183:
7176:
7167:
7166:
7155:
7154:
7115:
7106:
7103:Drang nach Osten
6941:
6922:
6831:von Sebottendorf
6627:
6618:
6607:
6587:State capitalism
6572:Social Darwinism
6551:
6542:
6424:
6415:
6396:
6387:
6361:
6330:
6327:DolchstoĂlegende
6300:Authoritarianism
6193:Nuremberg trials
6169:
6160:
6123:
6099:
6058:
6048:
6034:
5985:
5976:
5967:
5939:
5932:
5925:
5916:
5915:
5905:
5903:
5901:
5880:
5878:
5876:
5856:
5854:
5852:
5836:
5834:
5832:
5810:
5780:
5766:
5747:
5728:
5705:
5686:
5649:
5568:
5546:
5515:
5461:
5439:
5427:
5372:
5344:
5343:
5341:
5339:
5317:
5311:
5310:
5308:
5306:
5295:
5289:
5271:
5265:
5247:
5241:
5240:
5238:
5236:
5221:
5215:
5214:
5212:
5210:
5190:
5184:
5183:
5181:
5179:
5160:
5154:
5153:
5151:
5149:
5127:
5118:
5117:
5115:
5113:
5091:
5085:
5084:
5082:
5080:
5058:
5052:
5051:
5049:
5047:
5027:
5021:
5020:
5018:
5016:
5001:
4995:
4994:
4992:
4990:
4981:. Archived from
4975:
4969:
4968:
4963:
4961:
4939:
4933:
4932:
4926:
4924:
4915:. Archived from
4904:
4898:
4897:
4879:
4873:
4872:
4864:
4858:
4857:
4833:
4822:
4821:
4819:
4817:
4807:
4801:
4800:
4788:
4782:
4781:
4778:
4770:
4768:
4766:
4747:
4739:
4733:
4732:
4730:
4728:
4722:
4715:
4707:
4701:
4700:
4698:
4696:
4680:
4674:
4668:
4662:
4650:
4644:
4640:
4634:
4628:
4619:
4613:
4607:
4601:
4595:
4589:
4583:
4577:
4571:
4565:
4559:
4553:
4547:
4541:
4532:
4526:
4520:
4519:
4511:
4505:
4492:
4486:
4476:
4470:
4459:
4450:
4449:
4447:
4445:
4426:
4420:
4419:
4417:
4415:
4395:
4389:
4386:Jewish Chronicle
4382:
4376:
4373:
4367:
4355:
4349:
4348:
4346:
4344:
4324:
4318:
4305:
4299:
4293:
4287:
4275:
4269:
4268:
4266:
4264:
4249:
4243:
4236:
4230:
4215:
4209:
4203:
4197:
4196:
4194:
4192:
4177:
4168:
4153:
4147:
4129:
4123:
4120:
4114:
4097:
4091:
4090:
4088:
4086:
4067:
4061:
4059:
4057:
4055:
4050:on 19 April 2005
4046:. Archived from
4039:
4033:
4032:
4029:Macht ohne Moral
4024:
4018:
4001:
3995:
3992:
3986:
3983:
3977:
3974:
3968:
3961:
3955:
3948:
3942:
3923:
3917:
3916:
3908:
3902:
3895:
3889:
3878:
3872:
3865:
3859:
3848:
3842:
3841:
3839:
3837:
3818:
3812:
3811:
3795:
3789:
3788:
3786:
3784:
3763:
3757:
3754:
3748:
3747:
3745:
3743:
3737:
3730:
3721:
3712:
3701:
3695:
3688:
3682:
3659:
3653:
3652:
3650:
3648:
3633:
3627:
3626:
3620:
3612:
3604:
3598:
3592:
3581:
3580:
3578:
3576:
3561:
3555:
3554:
3552:
3550:
3537:Trueman, Chris.
3534:
3528:
3509:
3503:
3502:
3484:
3475:
3474:
3447:Neuropsychiatrie
3442:
3436:
3435:
3433:
3431:
3412:
3406:
3395:
3389:
3388:
3383:. Archived from
3370:
3361:
3360:, pp. 30â33
3355:
3349:
3348:
3333:
3327:
3326:
3324:
3322:
3303:
3290:
3289:, pp. 13â14
3284:
3275:
3274:
3269:
3267:
3239:
3233:
3232:
3203:
3199:
3193:
3192:
3190:
3188:
3177:
3171:
3170:
3167:
3159:
3157:
3138:
3132:
3131:
3128:
3121:
3119:
3094:
3077:
3075:
3068:
2913:Frederic Rzewski
2911:by the composer
2874:'s debut album,
2862:by the composer
2760:Beer Hall Putsch
2655:was informed of
2623:Salvador Allende
2520:pastoral letters
2279:Gerhard Weinberg
2155:Saul FriedlÀnder
2151:Heinrich Himmler
2135:Beer Hall Putsch
2083:
2079:
1926:Ăvian Conference
1905:anti-Jewish laws
1901:Great Depression
1852:
1845:
1838:
1824:
1823:
1503:Nichifor Crainic
1448:Julius Streicher
1388:Heinrich Himmler
1253:Renegade Tribune
974:Judeo-Bolshevism
953:
947:Host desecration
927:Cultural Marxism
813:Holocaust denial
453:
430:
429:
390:
383:Richard J. Evans
333:
317:
316:
308:
307:
289:
288:
287:
281:
276:
256:
253:
250:
247:
244:
241:
240:
239:
233:
228:
223:
192:
184:
111:
109:
105:
83:(then including
64:
55:
48:
47:
11556:
11555:
11551:
11550:
11549:
11547:
11546:
11545:
11481:1938 in Judaism
11476:1938 in Germany
11471:1938 in Austria
11456:
11455:
11454:
11445:
11437:
11429:
11421:
11414:
11407:
11400:
11393:
11386:
11379:
11372:
11365:
11358:
11351:
11344:
11331:
11323:
11315:
11304:
11296:
11288:
11280:
11272:
11264:
11256:
11248:
11240:
11232:
11224:
11216:
11208:
11200:
11185:
11177:
11169:
11161:
11153:
11138:
11131:
11124:
11117:
11110:
11103:
11096:
11089:
11074:
11067:
11060:
11053:
11046:
11039:
11032:
11025:
11018:
11011:
10996:
10989:
10982:
10949:
10941:
10933:
10925:
10917:
10909:
10901:
10893:
10885:
10870:
10862:
10854:
10846:
10838:
10830:
10824:Antwerp bombing
10822:
10814:
10806:
10791:
10783:
10775:
10767:
10759:
10751:
10743:
10737:Munich massacre
10735:
10727:
10712:
10704:
10696:
10688:
10680:
10672:
10657:
10650:
10635:
10628:
10621:
10614:
10607:
10600:
10585:
10578:
10571:
10564:
10557:
10550:
10535:
10528:
10521:
10514:
10492:
10485:
10478:
10471:
10464:
10457:
10442:
10434:
10427:
10420:
10413:
10398:
10391:
10384:
10377:
10362:
10355:
10348:
10341:
10326:
10318:
10311:
10304:
10297:
10290:
10283:
10276:
10269:
10262:
10255:
10248:
10241:
10234:
10227:
10220:
10213:
10206:
10199:
10192:
10177:
10170:
10155:
10148:
10141:
10134:
10119:
10112:
10105:
10085:
10070:
10066:
10058:
10050:
10042:
10034:
10028:Campbell pogrom
10026:
10020:Hebron massacre
10018:
10010:
9999:
9995:
9987:
9979:
9972:
9965:
9958:
9951:
9944:
9937:
9930:
9923:
9916:
9902:
9895:
9888:
9880:
9872:
9864:
9856:
9848:
9840:
9832:
9824:
9816:
9808:
9800:
9792:
9786:Zablotov pogrom
9784:
9776:
9768:
9746:
9738:
9730:
9722:
9715:
9708:
9701:
9687:
9679:
9671:
9665:Damascus affair
9663:
9655:
9647:
9639:
9631:
9623:
9615:
9607:
9599:
9591:
9583:
9575:
9567:
9556:
9548:
9540:
9532:
9526:Lisbon massacre
9524:
9516:
9508:
9500:
9492:
9484:
9476:
9468:
9460:
9453:
9446:
9439:
9432:
9425:
9411:
9403:
9395:
9387:
9365:
9357:
9349:
9341:
9333:
9326:
9319:
9312:
9298:
9290:
9282:
9274:
9259:
9251:
9243:
9235:
9227:
9219:
9208:
9200:
9192:
9174:
9161:
9131:
9118:
9033:
8949:
8943:
8932:Madagascar Plan
8925:Kindertransport
8874:
8873:
8843:
8785:
8757:
8742:Ordnungspolizei
8698:
8685:
8664:
8607:
8559:
8512:
8483:Maly Trostenets
8454:Mass executions
8449:
8419:
8357:
8316:
8291:
8261:
8220:
8158:
8120:
8079:
8068:
8046:
8028:
8009:
7991:
7979:
7936:
7810:
7789:
7709:
7700:Hidden children
7678:
7536:Czechoslovakia
7501:
7496:
7466:
7461:
7440:
7417:
7386:
7328:
7310:
7253:
7217:
7207:
7199:
7194:
7164:
7159:
7145:
7144:
7143:
7129:Racial theories
7112:Generalplan Ost
7059:
7053:
7033:
7027:
7026:
7025:
6997:Nazi ideologues
6979:
6978:
6977:
6939:
6934:(United States)
6933:
6920:
6885:
6879:
6876:Romani genocide
6843:
6836:
6835:
6834:
6751:
6750:
6749:
6741:Strasser (Otto)
6631:
6630:
6629:
6604:Gleichschaltung
6597:Totalitarianism
6482:One-party state
6290:Anti-liberalism
6260:
6259:
6258:
6183:Tripartite Pact
6096:Machtergreifung
6064:
6063:
6062:
5948:
5943:
5899:
5897:
5896:on 9 March 2005
5886:"Kristallnacht"
5874:
5872:
5859:
5850:
5848:
5839:
5830:
5828:
5809:on 15 May 2017.
5801:
5774:
5769:
5763:
5744:
5725:
5709:PĂ€tzold, Kurt;
5702:
5683:
5646:
5612:
5585:
5583:Primary sources
5565:
5551:Ullrich, Volker
5543:
5512:
5458:
5436:
5379:Deem, James M.
5369:
5353:
5351:Further reading
5348:
5347:
5337:
5335:
5318:
5314:
5304:
5302:
5297:
5296:
5292:
5282:Wayback Machine
5272:
5268:
5258:Wayback Machine
5248:
5244:
5234:
5232:
5223:
5222:
5218:
5208:
5206:
5199:BostonGlobe.com
5191:
5187:
5177:
5175:
5162:
5161:
5157:
5147:
5145:
5128:
5121:
5111:
5109:
5101:The Independent
5092:
5088:
5078:
5076:
5059:
5055:
5045:
5043:
5028:
5024:
5014:
5012:
5003:
5002:
4998:
4988:
4986:
4977:
4976:
4972:
4959:
4957:
4940:
4936:
4922:
4920:
4913:Berkshire Eagle
4905:
4901:
4894:
4880:
4876:
4865:
4861:
4854:
4834:
4825:
4815:
4813:
4809:
4808:
4804:
4789:
4785:
4779:
4772:
4764:
4762:
4740:
4736:
4726:
4724:
4720:
4713:
4709:
4708:
4704:
4694:
4692:
4681:
4677:
4669:
4665:
4651:
4647:
4641:
4637:
4629:
4622:
4614:
4610:
4602:
4598:
4590:
4586:
4578:
4574:
4566:
4562:
4554:
4550:
4542:
4535:
4527:
4523:
4512:
4508:
4502:Wayback Machine
4493:
4489:
4479:Daily Telegraph
4477:
4473:
4460:
4453:
4443:
4441:
4428:
4427:
4423:
4413:
4411:
4396:
4392:
4383:
4379:
4374:
4370:
4356:
4352:
4342:
4340:
4325:
4321:
4315:Wayback Machine
4306:
4302:
4294:
4290:
4276:
4272:
4262:
4260:
4251:
4250:
4246:
4238:Conot, Robert.
4237:
4233:
4216:
4212:
4204:
4200:
4190:
4188:
4187:on 10 July 2009
4179:
4178:
4171:
4163:Wayback Machine
4154:
4150:
4144:Wayback Machine
4133:Daily Telegraph
4130:
4126:
4121:
4117:
4107:Wayback Machine
4098:
4094:
4084:
4082:
4069:
4068:
4064:
4053:
4051:
4042:
4040:
4036:
4025:
4021:
4011:Wayback Machine
4002:
3998:
3993:
3989:
3984:
3980:
3975:
3971:
3962:
3958:
3949:
3945:
3936:
3933:Wayback Machine
3924:
3920:
3909:
3905:
3896:
3892:
3879:
3875:
3867:Hannah Arendt,
3866:
3862:
3849:
3845:
3835:
3833:
3820:
3819:
3815:
3796:
3792:
3782:
3780:
3765:
3764:
3760:
3755:
3751:
3741:
3739:
3735:
3728:
3722:
3715:
3702:
3698:
3690:Johnson, Eric.
3689:
3685:
3679:Wayback Machine
3660:
3656:
3646:
3644:
3637:"The Holocaust"
3635:
3634:
3630:
3614:
3613:
3605:
3601:
3593:
3584:
3574:
3572:
3563:
3562:
3558:
3548:
3546:
3535:
3531:
3510:
3506:
3499:
3485:
3478:
3443:
3439:
3429:
3427:
3414:
3413:
3409:
3396:
3392:
3371:
3364:
3356:
3352:
3334:
3330:
3320:
3318:
3307:"Kristallnacht"
3305:
3304:
3293:
3285:
3278:
3265:
3263:
3256:
3240:
3236:
3229:
3213:Gilbert, Martin
3201:
3200:
3196:
3186:
3184:
3178:
3174:
3155:
3153:
3140:
3139:
3135:
3117:
3115:
3102:"Kristallnacht"
3095:
3091:
3081:
3080:
3069:
3065:
3055:
3021:
2953:The Independent
2930:Occupy movement
2848:ozone depletion
2815:VerklÀrte Nacht
2748:
2684:
2669:
2667:Post-war trials
2649:Michael Tippett
2635:Florencio DurĂĄn
2631:Marmaduke Grove
2593:Kindertransport
2562:
2560:Internationally
2409:
2404:
2292:
2256:correspondent,
2254:Daily Telegraph
2199:
2191:Heinrich MĂŒller
2139:Joseph Goebbels
2131:
2126:
2090:November 1938.
2081:
2077:
2043:
2006:
2000:
1893:First World War
1889:Nazi propaganda
1856:
1815:
1814:
1795:Self-hating Jew
1785:
1777:
1776:
1697:
1679:
1669:
1668:
1553:
1543:
1542:
1518:Philippe PĂ©tain
1513:LĂĄszlĂł Ferenczy
1493:Gheorghe Buzatu
1428:Eustace Mullins
1423:Kevin MacDonald
1403:Osama bin Laden
1398:Arthur J. Jones
1383:Joseph Goebbels
1373:Theodor Fritsch
1363:Louis Farrakhan
1348:Ădouard Drumont
1338:James von Brunn
1313:
1305:
1304:
1259:The Right Stuff
1177:
1169:
1168:
1155:
1152:
1141:
1138:
1116:La Libre Parole
1091:La France juive
1053:
1043:
1042:
937:Finance control
902:
892:
891:
833:Nation of Islam
761:
753:
752:
660:Imperial Russia
533:
523:
522:
498:
469:
468:
428:
423:
405:
381:hundreds, with
283:
282:
274:
271:Novemberpogrome
254:
251:
248:
245:
235:
234:
226:
129:
107:
103:
101:
92:
82:
71:
44:
27:
17:
12:
11:
5:
11554:
11544:
11543:
11538:
11533:
11528:
11523:
11518:
11513:
11508:
11503:
11498:
11493:
11488:
11483:
11478:
11473:
11468:
11451:
11450:
11447:
11446:
11444:
11443:
11435:
11426:
11423:
11422:
11420:
11419:
11412:
11405:
11398:
11391:
11384:
11377:
11370:
11363:
11356:
11349:
11341:
11339:
11330:
11329:
11321:
11312:
11310:
11306:
11305:
11303:
11302:
11294:
11286:
11278:
11270:
11262:
11254:
11246:
11238:
11230:
11222:
11214:
11206:
11197:
11195:
11191:
11190:
11187:
11186:
11184:
11183:
11175:
11167:
11159:
11150:
11148:
11140:
11139:
11137:
11136:
11129:
11122:
11115:
11108:
11101:
11094:
11086:
11084:
11076:
11075:
11073:
11072:
11065:
11062:Matzuva attack
11058:
11051:
11044:
11037:
11030:
11023:
11016:
11008:
11006:
10998:
10997:
10995:
10994:
10987:
10979:
10977:
10970:
10963:
10959:
10958:
10955:
10954:
10951:
10950:
10948:
10947:
10939:
10931:
10927:Purim massacre
10923:
10915:
10907:
10899:
10891:
10882:
10880:
10872:
10871:
10869:
10868:
10864:Purim stabbing
10860:
10852:
10844:
10836:
10828:
10820:
10812:
10803:
10801:
10793:
10792:
10790:
10789:
10781:
10773:
10765:
10757:
10749:
10741:
10733:
10724:
10722:
10714:
10713:
10711:
10710:
10702:
10698:Tripoli pogrom
10694:
10686:
10678:
10669:
10667:
10659:
10658:
10656:
10655:
10647:
10645:
10637:
10636:
10634:
10633:
10626:
10623:Cairo bombings
10619:
10612:
10605:
10597:
10595:
10587:
10586:
10584:
10583:
10576:
10569:
10562:
10555:
10547:
10545:
10537:
10536:
10534:
10533:
10526:
10519:
10511:
10509:
10502:
10498:
10497:
10494:
10493:
10491:
10490:
10483:
10476:
10469:
10462:
10454:
10452:
10444:
10443:
10441:
10440:
10432:
10425:
10422:LuduÈ massacre
10418:
10410:
10408:
10400:
10399:
10397:
10396:
10389:
10382:
10374:
10372:
10364:
10363:
10361:
10360:
10357:Sarny massacre
10353:
10346:
10338:
10336:
10328:
10327:
10325:
10324:
10316:
10309:
10302:
10295:
10288:
10281:
10274:
10267:
10260:
10253:
10246:
10239:
10232:
10225:
10218:
10211:
10204:
10197:
10189:
10187:
10179:
10178:
10176:
10175:
10172:Dorohoi pogrom
10167:
10165:
10157:
10156:
10154:
10153:
10146:
10143:DynĂłw massacre
10139:
10131:
10129:
10121:
10120:
10118:
10117:
10110:
10102:
10100:
10093:
10087:
10086:
10084:
10083:
10064:
10060:Przytyk pogrom
10056:
10048:
10044:Thrace pogroms
10040:
10032:
10024:
10016:
10012:Safed massacre
10008:
9993:
9984:
9981:
9980:
9978:
9977:
9970:
9963:
9956:
9949:
9942:
9935:
9928:
9921:
9913:
9911:
9901:
9900:
9893:
9886:
9878:
9870:
9862:
9854:
9846:
9838:
9830:
9826:Siedlce pogrom
9822:
9814:
9806:
9798:
9790:
9782:
9774:
9765:
9763:
9756:
9752:
9751:
9748:
9747:
9745:
9744:
9736:
9727:
9724:
9723:
9721:
9720:
9713:
9706:
9698:
9696:
9693:Russian Empire
9686:
9685:
9677:
9669:
9661:
9653:
9649:Safed massacre
9645:
9637:
9629:
9621:
9613:
9605:
9601:TĂ©touan pogrom
9597:
9589:
9581:
9577:Safed massacre
9573:
9564:
9562:
9558:
9557:
9555:
9554:
9546:
9538:
9530:
9522:
9514:
9506:
9498:
9490:
9482:
9474:
9465:
9462:
9461:
9459:
9458:
9451:
9444:
9437:
9430:
9422:
9420:
9410:
9409:
9401:
9397:Navarre pogrom
9393:
9384:
9382:
9375:
9371:
9370:
9367:
9366:
9364:
9363:
9355:
9347:
9338:
9335:
9334:
9332:
9331:
9324:
9317:
9309:
9307:
9297:
9296:
9288:
9280:
9271:
9269:
9265:
9264:
9261:
9260:
9258:
9257:
9249:
9241:
9233:
9225:
9216:
9214:
9213:Jewish revolts
9207:
9206:
9198:
9189:
9187:
9180:
9176:
9175:
9160:
9159:
9152:
9145:
9137:
9128:
9127:
9124:
9123:
9120:
9119:
9117:
9116:
9109:
9104:
9099:
9094:
9089:
9084:
9079:
9074:
9069:
9068:
9067:
9057:
9052:
9047:
9041:
9039:
9035:
9034:
9032:
9031:
9030:
9029:
9027:trivialization
9019:
9018:
9017:
9007:
9005:Eichmann trial
9002:
8997:
8992:
8987:
8986:
8985:
8980:
8975:
8965:
8959:
8957:
8951:
8950:
8948:
8947:
8939:
8934:
8929:
8928:
8927:
8917:
8912:
8907:
8902:
8900:Nuremberg Laws
8897:
8892:
8886:
8884:
8883:Early elements
8876:
8875:
8872:
8871:
8868:
8865:
8864:Early elements
8861:
8853:
8852:
8849:
8848:
8845:
8844:
8842:
8841:
8836:
8831:
8826:
8821:
8816:
8811:
8806:
8801:
8799:Arajs Kommando
8795:
8793:
8787:
8786:
8784:
8783:
8778:
8773:
8770:Einsatzgruppen
8765:
8763:
8759:
8758:
8756:
8755:
8750:
8745:
8739:
8733:
8732:
8731:
8720:
8712:
8706:
8704:
8697:
8696:
8690:
8687:
8686:
8683:Responsibility
8674:
8673:
8670:
8669:
8666:
8665:
8663:
8662:
8657:
8652:
8647:
8642:
8637:
8632:
8627:
8621:
8619:
8613:
8612:
8609:
8608:
8606:
8605:
8600:
8595:
8590:
8585:
8580:
8575:
8569:
8567:
8561:
8560:
8558:
8557:
8556:
8555:
8550:
8545:
8535:
8534:
8533:
8522:
8520:
8514:
8513:
8511:
8510:
8505:
8500:
8495:
8490:
8485:
8480:
8475:
8470:
8465:
8462:Einsatzgruppen
8457:
8455:
8451:
8450:
8448:
8447:
8442:
8437:
8431:
8429:
8426:Final Solution
8421:
8420:
8418:
8417:
8416:
8415:
8405:
8404:
8403:
8398:
8388:
8383:
8378:
8373:
8365:
8363:
8359:
8358:
8356:
8355:
8350:
8345:
8339:
8337:
8328:
8318:
8317:
8305:
8304:
8301:
8300:
8297:
8296:
8293:
8292:
8290:
8289:
8287:ĂstredĆa Ćœidov
8284:
8279:
8273:
8271:
8263:
8262:
8260:
8259:
8254:
8252:Theresienstadt
8249:
8244:
8239:
8234:
8228:
8226:
8222:
8221:
8219:
8218:
8213:
8208:
8203:
8198:
8193:
8188:
8182:
8180:
8171:
8160:
8159:
8157:
8156:
8149:
8142:
8137:
8128:
8126:
8122:
8121:
8119:
8118:
8113:
8108:
8103:
8098:
8093:
8091:Einsatzgruppen
8087:
8085:
8081:
8080:
8078:
8077:
8072:
8065:
8060:
8055:
8050:
8043:
8038:
8033:
8024:
8019:
8014:
8005:
8000:
7995:
7987:
7985:
7981:
7980:
7978:
7977:
7972:
7967:
7962:
7957:
7952:
7946:
7944:
7938:
7937:
7935:
7934:
7929:
7924:
7919:
7914:
7909:
7904:
7899:
7897:Mittelbau-Dora
7894:
7885:
7880:
7878:KrakĂłw-PĆaszĂłw
7875:
7870:
7865:
7860:
7855:
7850:
7845:
7840:
7835:
7830:
7824:
7822:
7812:
7811:
7795:
7794:
7791:
7790:
7788:
7787:
7786:
7785:
7780:
7775:
7768:Rescue of Jews
7765:
7764:
7763:
7758:
7753:
7748:
7743:
7738:
7733:
7728:
7717:
7715:
7711:
7710:
7708:
7707:
7702:
7697:
7692:
7686:
7684:
7680:
7679:
7677:
7676:
7675:
7674:
7669:
7661:
7660:
7659:
7654:
7649:
7639:
7634:
7629:
7624:
7619:
7614:
7609:
7604:
7603:
7602:
7591:
7586:
7585:
7584:
7574:
7569:
7564:
7559:
7554:
7553:
7552:
7547:
7542:
7534:
7529:
7524:
7519:
7513:
7511:
7503:
7502:
7495:
7494:
7487:
7480:
7472:
7463:
7462:
7460:
7459:
7454:
7448:
7446:
7442:
7441:
7439:
7438:
7431:
7425:
7423:
7419:
7418:
7416:
7415:
7410:
7405:
7400:
7394:
7392:
7388:
7387:
7385:
7384:
7379:
7374:
7369:
7367:Mittelbau-Dora
7364:
7359:
7354:
7349:
7344:
7338:
7336:
7330:
7329:
7327:
7326:
7318:
7316:
7312:
7311:
7309:
7308:
7303:
7302:
7301:
7296:
7286:
7285:
7284:
7272:
7267:
7261:
7259:
7255:
7254:
7252:
7251:
7246:
7241:
7236:
7231:
7225:
7223:
7219:
7218:
7216:
7215:
7210:
7204:
7201:
7200:
7193:
7192:
7185:
7178:
7170:
7161:
7160:
7150:
7147:
7146:
7142:
7141:
7136:
7131:
7126:
7121:
7116:
7107:
7098:
7093:
7088:
7086:Beefsteak Nazi
7083:
7082:
7081:
7076:
7065:
7064:
7063:
7061:
7055:
7054:
7052:
7047:
7042:
7037:
7035:
7034:German society
7029:
7028:
7024:
7019:
7014:
7009:
7004:
6999:
6994:
6989:
6988:
6987:
6985:
6981:
6980:
6976:
6975:
6968:
6963:
6958:
6953:
6948:
6943:
6936:
6929:
6924:
6917:
6912:
6907:
6902:
6897:
6891:
6890:
6889:
6887:
6881:
6880:
6878:
6873:
6868:
6866:Final Solution
6863:
6858:
6853:
6848:
6846:
6844:and war crimes
6838:
6837:
6833:
6828:
6823:
6818:
6813:
6808:
6806:von Liebenfels
6803:
6798:
6793:
6788:
6783:
6778:
6773:
6768:
6763:
6762:
6761:
6759:
6753:
6752:
6748:
6743:
6738:
6733:
6728:
6723:
6718:
6716:von Ribbentrop
6713:
6708:
6703:
6698:
6693:
6688:
6683:
6678:
6673:
6668:
6663:
6658:
6653:
6648:
6643:
6642:
6641:
6639:
6633:
6632:
6628:
6619:
6610:
6609:
6608:
6594:
6589:
6584:
6579:
6574:
6569:
6564:
6563:
6562:
6557:
6552:
6543:
6534:
6529:
6524:
6519:
6514:
6509:
6499:
6494:
6489:
6484:
6479:
6474:
6469:
6468:
6467:
6462:
6457:
6452:
6442:
6437:
6435:Indoctrination
6432:
6431:
6430:
6425:
6416:
6412:Heim ins Reich
6407:
6397:
6388:
6379:
6374:
6369:
6364:
6363:
6362:
6348:
6343:
6338:
6337:
6336:
6331:
6317:
6312:
6307:
6305:Blood and soil
6302:
6297:
6292:
6287:
6282:
6280:Anti-communism
6277:
6272:
6271:
6270:
6268:
6262:
6261:
6257:
6256:
6251:
6246:
6241:
6236:
6231:
6226:
6221:
6219:Doctors' Trial
6216:
6211:
6203:Final solution
6200:
6195:
6190:
6188:Denazification
6185:
6180:
6175:
6170:
6161:
6154:
6149:
6147:Nuremberg Laws
6144:
6139:
6134:
6129:
6124:
6115:
6110:
6105:
6100:
6091:
6086:
6081:
6079:Early timeline
6076:
6075:
6074:
6072:
6066:
6065:
6061:
6060:
6050:
6045:Sturmabteilung
6040:
6035:
6026:
6021:
6016:
6011:
6006:
6001:
5996:
5991:
5986:
5977:
5968:
5958:
5957:
5956:
5954:
5950:
5949:
5942:
5941:
5934:
5927:
5919:
5913:
5912:
5906:
5881:
5871:on 17 May 2008
5857:
5837:
5812:
5799:
5773:
5772:External links
5770:
5768:
5767:
5761:
5748:
5742:
5729:
5723:
5706:
5700:
5687:
5681:
5664:
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5644:
5628:
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5611:
5608:
5607:
5606:
5596:
5584:
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5516:
5510:
5497:
5490:
5480:
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5456:
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5407:
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5387:
5377:
5367:
5352:
5349:
5346:
5345:
5312:
5290:
5266:
5242:
5216:
5185:
5155:
5119:
5086:
5053:
5022:
4996:
4985:on 23 May 2008
4970:
4934:
4899:
4892:
4874:
4859:
4852:
4823:
4802:
4783:
4734:
4702:
4675:
4673:, p. 676.
4663:
4645:
4635:
4620:
4608:
4596:
4594:, p. 176.
4584:
4582:, p. 157.
4572:
4570:, p. 156.
4560:
4558:, p. 159.
4548:
4546:, p. 266.
4533:
4521:
4506:
4487:
4471:
4451:
4421:
4390:
4377:
4368:
4350:
4319:
4300:
4298:, p. 678.
4288:
4270:
4244:
4231:
4210:
4198:
4169:
4148:
4124:
4115:
4092:
4062:
4034:
4019:
3996:
3987:
3978:
3969:
3965:New York Times
3956:
3952:News Chronicle
3943:
3918:
3903:
3890:
3873:
3860:
3843:
3813:
3790:
3758:
3749:
3731:. Yad Vashem.
3713:
3696:
3683:
3654:
3628:
3599:
3582:
3556:
3529:
3504:
3497:
3476:
3437:
3407:
3390:
3362:
3350:
3328:
3291:
3276:
3254:
3234:
3228:978-0060570835
3227:
3194:
3172:
3133:
3088:
3087:
3079:
3078:
3062:
3061:
3054:
3051:
3050:
3049:
3042:
3037:
3032:
3027:
3020:
3017:
2997:on 6 January.
2958:Silicon Valley
2926:Thomas Perkins
2813:'s 1899 work "
2766:, the day the
2747:
2744:
2726:Hermann Göring
2704:Final Solution
2683:
2677:
2668:
2665:
2604:William Cooper
2577:Volker Ullrich
2561:
2558:
2462:himself about
2452:Sturmabteilung
2443:Martin Gilbert
2408:
2405:
2403:
2397:
2291:
2288:
2198:
2195:
2186:Sturmabteilung
2163:Sudeten crisis
2130:
2127:
2125:
2122:
2096:Ernst vom Rath
2072:Adolf Eichmann
2061:Ernst vom Rath
2042:
2039:
2002:Main article:
1999:
1996:
1971:Hermann Göring
1922:Chaim Weizmann
1915:Nuremberg Laws
1881:Reichstag fire
1858:
1857:
1855:
1854:
1847:
1840:
1832:
1829:
1828:
1817:
1816:
1813:
1812:
1807:
1802:
1797:
1792:
1786:
1784:Related topics
1783:
1782:
1779:
1778:
1775:
1774:
1769:
1764:
1759:
1753:
1748:
1743:
1738:
1733:
1728:
1723:
1718:
1713:
1708:
1703:
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1674:
1671:
1670:
1667:
1666:
1661:
1656:
1651:
1646:
1645:
1644:
1639:
1637:Russian Empire
1629:
1624:
1622:Nuremberg Laws
1619:
1614:
1607:
1602:
1597:
1592:
1591:
1590:
1585:
1578:Jewish quarter
1575:
1570:
1565:
1560:
1554:
1549:
1548:
1545:
1544:
1541:
1540:
1538:Richard Wagner
1535:
1530:
1528:Stepan Bandera
1525:
1523:Symon Petliura
1520:
1515:
1510:
1505:
1500:
1495:
1490:
1485:
1480:
1475:
1470:
1465:
1460:
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1445:
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1435:
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1420:
1415:
1410:
1405:
1400:
1395:
1390:
1385:
1380:
1375:
1370:
1365:
1360:
1358:Adolf Eichmann
1355:
1350:
1345:
1340:
1335:
1330:
1325:
1320:
1314:
1311:
1310:
1307:
1306:
1303:
1302:
1300:Veterans Today
1297:
1294:The Unz Review
1290:
1283:
1278:
1273:
1268:
1263:
1255:
1250:
1245:
1238:
1233:
1228:
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1178:
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1170:
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1156:
1149:
1147:
1142:
1135:
1133:
1128:
1123:
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1113:
1108:
1103:
1098:
1093:
1088:
1080:
1075:
1070:
1065:
1060:
1054:
1049:
1048:
1045:
1044:
1041:
1040:
1038:ZOG conspiracy
1035:
1033:White genocide
1030:
1028:Well poisoning
1025:
1020:
1019:
1018:
1013:
1003:
998:
993:
988:
986:Judeo-Masonism
983:
982:
981:
971:
966:
961:
956:
949:
944:
939:
934:
929:
924:
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893:
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835:
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825:
820:
815:
810:
805:
800:
795:
790:
789:
788:
778:
773:
768:
762:
760:Manifestations
759:
758:
755:
754:
751:
750:
745:
744:
743:
738:
728:
727:
726:
721:
714:United Kingdom
711:
706:
701:
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691:
686:
685:
684:
674:
673:
672:
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662:
652:
647:
642:
637:
632:
627:
622:
617:
612:
607:
602:
601:
600:
595:
593:Dreyfus affair
585:
580:
575:
570:
565:
560:
555:
550:
545:
540:
534:
529:
528:
525:
524:
521:
520:
515:
510:
508:Nexus Document
505:
499:
496:
495:
492:
491:
490:
489:
484:
479:
471:
470:
467:
466:
464:discrimination
460:Jewish history
455:
454:
446:
445:
439:
438:
427:
424:
421:Nuremberg Laws
404:
401:
393:Final Solution
367:Martin Gilbert
340:Ernst vom Rath
306:Sturmabteilung
214:
213:
203:
199:
198:
181:Sturmabteilung
172:
168:
167:
164:
160:
159:
130:
127:
124:
123:
118:
114:
113:
98:
94:
93:
77:
73:
72:
65:
57:
56:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
11553:
11542:
11539:
11537:
11534:
11532:
11529:
11527:
11524:
11522:
11519:
11517:
11514:
11512:
11509:
11507:
11504:
11502:
11499:
11497:
11494:
11492:
11489:
11487:
11484:
11482:
11479:
11477:
11474:
11472:
11469:
11467:
11466:Kristallnacht
11464:
11463:
11461:
11440:
11436:
11432:
11428:
11427:
11417:
11413:
11410:
11406:
11403:
11399:
11396:
11392:
11389:
11388:Netiv HaAsara
11385:
11382:
11378:
11375:
11371:
11368:
11364:
11361:
11357:
11354:
11353:Ein HaShlosha
11350:
11347:
11343:
11342:
11340:
11338:
11334:
11326:
11322:
11318:
11314:
11313:
11311:
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11243:
11239:
11235:
11231:
11227:
11223:
11219:
11215:
11211:
11207:
11203:
11202:Itamar attack
11199:
11198:
11196:
11192:
11180:
11176:
11172:
11168:
11164:
11160:
11156:
11152:
11151:
11149:
11145:
11134:
11130:
11127:
11123:
11120:
11116:
11113:
11109:
11106:
11102:
11099:
11095:
11092:
11088:
11087:
11085:
11081:
11070:
11069:Hebron ambush
11066:
11063:
11059:
11056:
11052:
11049:
11045:
11042:
11038:
11035:
11031:
11028:
11024:
11021:
11020:Hadera attack
11017:
11014:
11010:
11009:
11007:
11003:
10992:
10988:
10985:
10981:
10980:
10978:
10974:
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10967:
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10912:
10908:
10904:
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10881:
10877:
10865:
10861:
10857:
10853:
10849:
10845:
10841:
10837:
10833:
10829:
10825:
10821:
10817:
10813:
10809:
10805:
10804:
10802:
10798:
10786:
10782:
10778:
10774:
10770:
10766:
10762:
10758:
10754:
10750:
10746:
10742:
10738:
10734:
10730:
10726:
10725:
10723:
10719:
10707:
10703:
10699:
10695:
10691:
10687:
10683:
10679:
10675:
10671:
10670:
10668:
10664:
10653:
10649:
10648:
10646:
10642:
10631:
10627:
10624:
10620:
10617:
10613:
10610:
10606:
10603:
10599:
10598:
10596:
10592:
10581:
10577:
10574:
10570:
10567:
10563:
10560:
10556:
10553:
10549:
10548:
10546:
10542:
10531:
10527:
10524:
10520:
10517:
10513:
10512:
10510:
10506:
10503:
10499:
10488:
10484:
10481:
10477:
10474:
10473:KrakĂłw pogrom
10470:
10467:
10463:
10460:
10456:
10455:
10453:
10449:
10437:
10433:
10430:
10426:
10423:
10419:
10416:
10412:
10411:
10409:
10405:
10394:
10390:
10387:
10383:
10380:
10376:
10375:
10373:
10369:
10358:
10354:
10351:
10347:
10344:
10340:
10339:
10337:
10333:
10321:
10320:The Holocaust
10317:
10314:
10310:
10307:
10303:
10300:
10299:Ć venÄionÄliai
10296:
10293:
10289:
10286:
10282:
10279:
10275:
10272:
10268:
10265:
10261:
10258:
10254:
10251:
10247:
10244:
10240:
10237:
10233:
10230:
10226:
10223:
10219:
10216:
10215:Kaunas (June)
10212:
10209:
10205:
10202:
10198:
10195:
10191:
10190:
10188:
10184:
10173:
10169:
10168:
10166:
10162:
10151:
10150:Silc massacre
10147:
10144:
10140:
10137:
10133:
10132:
10130:
10126:
10115:
10114:Kristallnacht
10111:
10108:
10104:
10103:
10101:
10097:
10094:
10092:
10088:
10078:
10074:
10069:
10065:
10061:
10057:
10053:
10049:
10045:
10041:
10037:
10033:
10029:
10025:
10021:
10017:
10013:
10009:
10003:
9998:
9997:Oradea pogrom
9994:
9990:
9986:
9985:
9975:
9971:
9968:
9964:
9961:
9957:
9954:
9950:
9947:
9943:
9940:
9936:
9933:
9929:
9926:
9922:
9919:
9915:
9914:
9912:
9909:
9905:
9898:
9894:
9891:
9887:
9883:
9879:
9875:
9874:Kielce pogrom
9871:
9867:
9863:
9859:
9855:
9851:
9847:
9843:
9839:
9835:
9834:Shiraz pogrom
9831:
9827:
9823:
9819:
9815:
9811:
9807:
9803:
9799:
9795:
9791:
9787:
9783:
9779:
9775:
9771:
9767:
9766:
9764:
9760:
9757:
9753:
9741:
9737:
9733:
9729:
9728:
9718:
9714:
9711:
9707:
9704:
9700:
9699:
9697:
9694:
9690:
9682:
9678:
9674:
9670:
9666:
9662:
9658:
9654:
9650:
9646:
9642:
9641:Hebron pogrom
9638:
9634:
9630:
9626:
9622:
9618:
9617:Hep-Hep riots
9614:
9610:
9606:
9602:
9598:
9594:
9590:
9586:
9582:
9578:
9574:
9570:
9566:
9565:
9563:
9559:
9551:
9547:
9543:
9539:
9535:
9534:Hebron pogrom
9531:
9527:
9523:
9519:
9515:
9511:
9507:
9503:
9499:
9495:
9491:
9487:
9483:
9479:
9475:
9471:
9467:
9466:
9456:
9452:
9449:
9445:
9442:
9438:
9435:
9431:
9428:
9424:
9423:
9421:
9418:
9414:
9406:
9402:
9398:
9394:
9390:
9386:
9385:
9383:
9379:
9376:
9372:
9360:
9356:
9352:
9348:
9344:
9340:
9339:
9329:
9325:
9322:
9318:
9315:
9311:
9310:
9308:
9305:
9301:
9293:
9289:
9285:
9281:
9277:
9273:
9272:
9270:
9266:
9254:
9250:
9246:
9242:
9238:
9234:
9230:
9226:
9222:
9218:
9217:
9215:
9211:
9203:
9199:
9195:
9191:
9190:
9188:
9184:
9181:
9177:
9173:
9169:
9165:
9158:
9153:
9151:
9146:
9144:
9139:
9138:
9135:
9114:
9110:
9108:
9105:
9103:
9100:
9098:
9095:
9093:
9090:
9088:
9085:
9083:
9080:
9078:
9075:
9073:
9070:
9066:
9063:
9062:
9061:
9058:
9056:
9053:
9051:
9048:
9046:
9043:
9042:
9040:
9036:
9028:
9025:
9024:
9023:
9020:
9016:
9013:
9012:
9011:
9008:
9006:
9003:
9001:
8998:
8996:
8993:
8991:
8988:
8984:
8981:
8979:
8976:
8974:
8971:
8970:
8969:
8966:
8964:
8961:
8960:
8958:
8956:
8952:
8946:
8940:
8938:
8935:
8933:
8930:
8926:
8923:
8922:
8921:
8918:
8916:
8913:
8911:
8908:
8906:
8903:
8901:
8898:
8896:
8895:Nazi eugenics
8893:
8891:
8888:
8887:
8885:
8881:
8877:
8869:
8866:
8863:
8862:
8858:
8854:
8840:
8837:
8835:
8832:
8830:
8827:
8825:
8824:Topf and Sons
8822:
8820:
8817:
8815:
8812:
8810:
8807:
8805:
8802:
8800:
8797:
8796:
8794:
8792:
8791:Collaborators
8788:
8782:
8779:
8777:
8774:
8772:
8771:
8767:
8766:
8764:
8760:
8754:
8751:
8749:
8746:
8743:
8740:
8737:
8734:
8730:
8729:Referat IV B4
8727:
8726:
8725: (RSHA)
8724:
8721:
8719:
8717:
8716:Schutzstaffel
8713:
8711:
8708:
8707:
8705:
8703:Organizations
8701:
8695:
8692:
8691:
8688:
8684:
8679:
8675:
8661:
8658:
8656:
8653:
8651:
8648:
8646:
8645:Romani people
8643:
8641:
8638:
8636:
8633:
8631:
8628:
8626:
8623:
8622:
8620:
8618:
8614:
8604:
8601:
8599:
8598:Working Group
8596:
8594:
8591:
8589:
8586:
8584:
8583:Kastner train
8581:
8579:
8576:
8574:
8571:
8570:
8568:
8566:
8562:
8554:
8551:
8549:
8546:
8544:
8541:
8540:
8539:
8536:
8532:
8529:
8528:
8527:
8524:
8523:
8521:
8519:
8515:
8509:
8506:
8504:
8501:
8499:
8496:
8494:
8491:
8489:
8486:
8484:
8481:
8479:
8476:
8474:
8471:
8469:
8466:
8464:
8463:
8459:
8458:
8456:
8452:
8446:
8443:
8441:
8438:
8436:
8433:
8432:
8430:
8427:
8422:
8414:
8411:
8410:
8409:
8406:
8402:
8399:
8397:
8394:
8393:
8392:
8389:
8387:
8384:
8382:
8379:
8377:
8374:
8372:
8371:
8370:Kristallnacht
8367:
8366:
8364:
8360:
8354:
8351:
8349:
8346:
8344:
8341:
8340:
8338:
8336:
8332:
8329:
8327:
8323:
8319:
8315:
8310:
8306:
8288:
8285:
8283:
8280:
8278:
8275:
8274:
8272:
8270:
8269:
8264:
8258:
8255:
8253:
8250:
8248:
8245:
8243:
8240:
8238:
8235:
8233:
8230:
8229:
8227:
8223:
8217:
8214:
8212:
8209:
8207:
8204:
8202:
8199:
8197:
8194:
8192:
8189:
8187:
8184:
8183:
8181:
8179:
8175:
8172:
8169:
8165:
8161:
8155:
8154:
8153:SanitÀtswesen
8150:
8148:
8147:
8143:
8141:
8138:
8136:
8135:
8130:
8129:
8127:
8123:
8117:
8116:Death marches
8114:
8112:
8109:
8107:
8104:
8102:
8099:
8097:
8094:
8092:
8089:
8088:
8086:
8082:
8076:
8073:
8071:
8066:
8064:
8061:
8059:
8056:
8054:
8051:
8049:
8044:
8042:
8039:
8037:
8034:
8032:
8031:
8025:
8023:
8020:
8018:
8015:
8013:
8012:
8006:
8004:
8001:
7999:
7996:
7994:
7989:
7988:
7986:
7982:
7976:
7973:
7971:
7968:
7966:
7963:
7961:
7958:
7956:
7953:
7951:
7948:
7947:
7945:
7943:
7942:Extermination
7939:
7933:
7930:
7928:
7925:
7923:
7920:
7918:
7917:Sachsenhausen
7915:
7913:
7910:
7908:
7905:
7903:
7900:
7898:
7895:
7893:
7889:
7886:
7884:
7881:
7879:
7876:
7874:
7871:
7869:
7866:
7864:
7861:
7859:
7858:Herzogenbusch
7856:
7854:
7851:
7849:
7846:
7844:
7841:
7839:
7836:
7834:
7833:Bergen-Belsen
7831:
7829:
7826:
7825:
7823:
7821:
7820:Concentration
7817:
7813:
7809:
7805:
7800:
7796:
7784:
7781:
7779:
7776:
7774:
7771:
7770:
7769:
7766:
7762:
7759:
7757:
7756:United States
7754:
7752:
7749:
7747:
7744:
7742:
7739:
7737:
7734:
7732:
7729:
7727:
7724:
7723:
7722:
7719:
7718:
7716:
7712:
7706:
7703:
7701:
7698:
7696:
7693:
7691:
7688:
7687:
7685:
7681:
7673:
7670:
7668:
7665:
7664:
7662:
7658:
7655:
7653:
7650:
7648:
7645:
7644:
7643:
7640:
7638:
7635:
7633:
7630:
7628:
7625:
7623:
7620:
7618:
7615:
7613:
7610:
7608:
7605:
7601:
7598:
7597:
7596:and colonies
7595:
7592:
7590:
7587:
7583:
7580:
7579:
7578:
7575:
7573:
7570:
7568:
7565:
7563:
7560:
7558:
7555:
7551:
7548:
7546:
7543:
7541:
7538:
7537:
7535:
7533:
7530:
7528:
7525:
7523:
7520:
7518:
7515:
7514:
7512:
7508:
7504:
7500:
7499:The Holocaust
7493:
7488:
7486:
7481:
7479:
7474:
7473:
7470:
7458:
7455:
7453:
7450:
7449:
7447:
7443:
7437:
7436:
7432:
7430:
7427:
7426:
7424:
7420:
7414:
7411:
7409:
7406:
7404:
7401:
7399:
7396:
7395:
7393:
7389:
7383:
7382:Sachsenhausen
7380:
7378:
7375:
7373:
7370:
7368:
7365:
7363:
7360:
7358:
7355:
7353:
7350:
7348:
7345:
7343:
7342:Bergen-Belsen
7340:
7339:
7337:
7335:
7331:
7325:
7324:
7320:
7319:
7317:
7313:
7307:
7304:
7300:
7297:
7295:
7292:
7291:
7290:
7289:Kristallnacht
7287:
7283:
7282:
7278:
7277:
7276:
7273:
7271:
7268:
7266:
7263:
7262:
7260:
7256:
7250:
7247:
7245:
7242:
7240:
7237:
7235:
7232:
7230:
7227:
7226:
7224:
7220:
7214:
7213:The Holocaust
7211:
7206:
7205:
7202:
7198:
7191:
7186:
7184:
7179:
7177:
7172:
7171:
7168:
7158:
7148:
7140:
7137:
7135:
7132:
7130:
7127:
7125:
7122:
7120:
7117:
7114:
7113:
7108:
7105:
7104:
7099:
7097:
7094:
7092:
7089:
7087:
7084:
7080:
7077:
7075:
7072:
7071:
7070:
7067:
7066:
7062:
7056:
7051:
7048:
7046:
7043:
7041:
7040:The Wehrmacht
7038:
7036:
7030:
7023:
7020:
7018:
7015:
7013:
7010:
7008:
7005:
7003:
7000:
6998:
6995:
6993:
6990:
6986:
6982:
6974:
6973:
6969:
6967:
6964:
6962:
6959:
6957:
6954:
6952:
6949:
6947:
6944:
6942:
6937:
6935:
6930:
6928:
6925:
6923:
6918:
6916:
6913:
6911:
6908:
6906:
6903:
6901:
6898:
6896:
6893:
6892:
6888:
6882:
6877:
6874:
6872:
6869:
6867:
6864:
6862:
6859:
6857:
6854:
6852:
6849:
6847:
6845:
6839:
6832:
6829:
6827:
6824:
6822:
6819:
6817:
6814:
6812:
6809:
6807:
6804:
6802:
6799:
6797:
6794:
6792:
6789:
6787:
6784:
6782:
6779:
6777:
6774:
6772:
6769:
6767:
6764:
6760:
6758:
6754:
6747:
6744:
6742:
6739:
6737:
6734:
6732:
6729:
6727:
6726:Seyss-Inquart
6724:
6722:
6719:
6717:
6714:
6712:
6709:
6707:
6704:
6702:
6699:
6697:
6694:
6692:
6689:
6687:
6684:
6682:
6679:
6677:
6674:
6672:
6669:
6667:
6664:
6662:
6659:
6657:
6654:
6652:
6649:
6647:
6644:
6640:
6638:
6634:
6626:
6625:
6620:
6617:
6616:
6611:
6606:
6605:
6600:
6599:
6598:
6595:
6593:
6590:
6588:
6585:
6583:
6580:
6578:
6575:
6573:
6570:
6568:
6565:
6561:
6558:
6556:
6553:
6550:
6549:
6548:Untermenschen
6544:
6541:
6540:
6539:Rassenschande
6535:
6533:
6530:
6528:
6525:
6523:
6520:
6518:
6515:
6513:
6510:
6508:
6505:
6504:
6503:
6500:
6498:
6495:
6493:
6490:
6488:
6485:
6483:
6480:
6478:
6475:
6473:
6470:
6466:
6463:
6461:
6458:
6456:
6453:
6451:
6448:
6447:
6446:
6443:
6441:
6438:
6436:
6433:
6429:
6428:Pan-Germanism
6426:
6423:
6422:
6417:
6414:
6413:
6408:
6406:
6403:
6402:
6401:
6398:
6395:
6394:
6389:
6386:
6385:
6380:
6378:
6375:
6373:
6370:
6368:
6367:Direct action
6365:
6360:
6359:
6358:FĂŒhrerprinzip
6354:
6353:
6352:
6349:
6347:
6344:
6342:
6339:
6335:
6332:
6329:
6328:
6323:
6322:
6321:
6318:
6316:
6313:
6311:
6308:
6306:
6303:
6301:
6298:
6296:
6295:Anti-pacifism
6293:
6291:
6288:
6286:
6283:
6281:
6278:
6276:
6273:
6269:
6267:
6263:
6255:
6252:
6250:
6247:
6245:
6242:
6240:
6237:
6235:
6232:
6230:
6227:
6225:
6222:
6220:
6217:
6215:
6212:
6210:
6207:
6206:
6205:
6204:
6199:
6196:
6194:
6191:
6189:
6186:
6184:
6181:
6179:
6178:The Holocaust
6176:
6174:
6171:
6168:
6167:
6162:
6159:
6158:Kristallnacht
6155:
6153:
6150:
6148:
6145:
6143:
6140:
6138:
6135:
6133:
6130:
6128:
6125:
6122:
6121:
6116:
6114:
6111:
6109:
6106:
6104:
6101:
6098:
6097:
6092:
6090:
6087:
6085:
6082:
6080:
6077:
6073:
6071:
6067:
6057:
6056:
6055:Schutzstaffel
6051:
6047:
6046:
6041:
6039:
6036:
6033:
6032:
6027:
6025:
6022:
6020:
6017:
6015:
6012:
6010:
6007:
6005:
6002:
6000:
5997:
5995:
5992:
5990:
5987:
5984:
5983:
5978:
5975:
5974:
5969:
5966:
5965:
5960:
5959:
5955:
5951:
5947:
5940:
5935:
5933:
5928:
5926:
5921:
5920:
5917:
5910:
5907:
5895:
5891:
5887:
5882:
5870:
5866:
5862:
5858:
5846:
5842:
5838:
5826:
5824:
5818:
5813:
5808:
5804:
5800:
5798:
5794:
5792:
5788:
5787:
5786:
5784:
5783:Kristallnacht
5779:
5764:
5762:3-9800482-3-3
5758:
5754:
5749:
5745:
5743:3-596-24386-6
5739:
5735:
5730:
5726:
5724:3-7609-1233-8
5720:
5716:
5712:
5707:
5703:
5701:3-88350-005-4
5697:
5693:
5688:
5684:
5678:
5674:
5670:
5665:
5663:
5659:
5655:
5651:
5647:
5641:
5637:
5633:
5629:
5627:
5623:
5619:
5615:
5614:
5605:
5601:
5597:
5595:
5591:
5587:
5586:
5578:
5574:
5570:
5566:
5560:
5556:
5552:
5548:
5544:
5538:
5534:
5533:
5527:
5525:
5521:
5517:
5513:
5507:
5503:
5498:
5495:
5491:
5489:
5485:
5481:
5479:
5475:
5471:
5469:
5468:online review
5465:
5459:
5453:
5449:
5445:
5441:
5437:
5435:0-691-10162-0
5431:
5426:
5425:
5418:
5416:
5412:
5408:
5406:
5402:
5398:
5396:
5393:10.1 (2013).
5392:
5388:
5386:
5382:
5378:
5376:
5370:
5368:0-06-092878-6
5364:
5360:
5355:
5354:
5333:
5329:
5328:
5323:
5316:
5300:
5294:
5288:
5287:
5283:
5279:
5276:
5270:
5264:
5263:
5259:
5255:
5252:
5246:
5231:. 24 May 2019
5230:
5226:
5220:
5204:
5200:
5196:
5189:
5173:
5169:
5168:www.jpost.com
5165:
5159:
5143:
5139:
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5133:
5126:
5124:
5107:
5103:
5102:
5097:
5090:
5074:
5070:
5069:
5064:
5057:
5041:
5037:
5033:
5026:
5010:
5006:
5000:
4984:
4980:
4974:
4967:
4955:
4951:
4950:
4945:
4938:
4931:
4919:on 9 May 2008
4918:
4914:
4910:
4903:
4895:
4893:9780195326222
4889:
4885:
4878:
4870:
4863:
4855:
4853:9780674036239
4849:
4845:
4841:
4840:
4832:
4830:
4828:
4812:
4806:
4798:
4794:
4787:
4776:
4761:
4757:
4753:
4752:
4746:
4738:
4719:
4712:
4706:
4690:
4686:
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4672:
4667:
4660:
4659:
4654:
4649:
4639:
4632:
4627:
4625:
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4612:
4605:
4600:
4593:
4588:
4581:
4576:
4569:
4564:
4557:
4552:
4545:
4540:
4538:
4530:
4525:
4517:
4510:
4503:
4499:
4496:
4491:
4484:
4480:
4475:
4468:
4464:
4458:
4456:
4439:
4435:
4431:
4425:
4409:
4405:
4404:Distillations
4401:
4394:
4387:
4381:
4372:
4365:
4364:3-87024-254-X
4361:
4354:
4338:
4334:
4330:
4323:
4316:
4312:
4309:
4304:
4297:
4292:
4285:
4284:
4279:
4274:
4258:
4254:
4248:
4241:
4235:
4228:
4227:3-612-26753-1
4224:
4220:
4214:
4207:
4202:
4186:
4182:
4176:
4174:
4167:
4164:
4160:
4157:
4152:
4145:
4141:
4138:
4134:
4128:
4119:
4112:
4108:
4104:
4101:
4096:
4080:
4076:
4072:
4066:
4049:
4045:
4041:GermanNotes,
4038:
4030:
4023:
4016:
4012:
4008:
4005:
4000:
3991:
3982:
3973:
3966:
3960:
3953:
3947:
3940:
3939:Kristallnacht
3934:
3930:
3927:
3922:
3914:
3907:
3900:
3894:
3888:, pp. 33, 42.
3887:
3883:
3877:
3870:
3864:
3857:
3853:
3847:
3831:
3827:
3823:
3817:
3809:
3805:
3801:
3794:
3778:
3774:
3773:
3768:
3762:
3753:
3734:
3727:
3720:
3718:
3710:
3706:
3700:
3693:
3687:
3680:
3676:
3673:
3672:
3667:
3663:
3658:
3642:
3638:
3632:
3624:
3618:
3610:
3603:
3596:
3591:
3589:
3587:
3570:
3566:
3560:
3544:
3540:
3533:
3526:
3522:
3519:. pp. 43â44.
3518:
3514:
3508:
3500:
3498:1-85833-951-0
3494:
3490:
3483:
3481:
3473:
3468:
3464:
3460:
3456:
3453:(3): 111â20.
3452:
3449:(in German).
3448:
3441:
3425:
3421:
3417:
3411:
3405:, p. 41.
3404:
3400:
3394:
3386:
3382:
3381:
3376:
3369:
3367:
3359:
3354:
3347:. p. 49.
3346:
3342:
3338:
3332:
3316:
3312:
3308:
3302:
3300:
3298:
3296:
3288:
3283:
3281:
3273:
3261:
3257:
3255:9780275935764
3251:
3247:
3246:
3238:
3230:
3224:
3220:
3219:
3214:
3209:
3208:
3198:
3183:
3176:
3169:
3166:
3165:Kristallnacht
3151:
3147:
3143:
3137:
3130:
3127:
3126:Kristallnacht
3113:
3109:
3108:
3103:
3099:
3093:
3089:
3086:
3085:
3074:
3073:Kristallnacht
3067:
3063:
3060:
3059:
3048:
3047:
3043:
3041:
3038:
3036:
3033:
3031:
3028:
3026:
3023:
3022:
3016:
3014:
3010:
3006:
3003:
2998:
2996:
2992:
2988:
2985:
2980:
2978:
2974:
2970:
2965:
2964:Kristallnacht
2961:
2959:
2955:
2954:
2949:
2948:
2943:
2939:
2935:
2934:Kristallnacht
2931:
2927:
2923:
2922:
2918:In 2014, the
2916:
2914:
2910:
2909:
2904:
2903:Kristallnacht
2900:
2898:
2897:Kristallnacht
2894:
2891:
2887:
2886:Kristallnaach
2883:
2879:
2878:
2873:
2869:
2866:. The German
2865:
2861:
2860:
2859:Kristallnacht
2855:
2854:Kristallnacht
2851:
2849:
2845:
2844:deforestation
2841:
2840:
2835:
2831:
2827:
2822:
2820:
2816:
2812:
2808:
2804:
2803:Kristallnacht
2800:
2796:
2792:
2791:Kristallnacht
2788:
2784:
2779:
2777:
2773:
2769:
2765:
2764:Schicksalstag
2761:
2757:
2756:Kristallnacht
2753:
2743:
2741:
2737:
2733:
2732:Kristallnacht
2729:
2727:
2723:
2722:
2717:
2713:
2712:Kristallnacht
2709:
2705:
2700:
2697:
2696:Kristallnacht
2693:
2692:the Holocaust
2688:
2687:Kristallnacht
2681:
2680:Kristallnacht
2676:
2674:
2664:
2662:
2658:
2657:Kristallnacht
2654:
2650:
2646:
2645:
2640:
2636:
2632:
2628:
2624:
2620:
2619:Kristallnacht
2615:
2613:
2609:
2605:
2601:
2600:Kristallnacht
2596:
2594:
2590:
2586:
2585:Kristallnacht
2582:
2581:North America
2578:
2574:
2573:Kristallnacht
2566:
2557:
2555:
2554:Kristallnacht
2551:
2550:
2545:
2541:
2540:Kristallnacht
2537:
2536:Martin Luther
2533:
2529:
2524:
2521:
2517:
2512:
2507:
2503:
2500:
2492:
2488:
2485:
2480:
2475:
2472:
2471:Kristallnacht
2467:
2465:
2464:Kristallnacht
2461:
2455:
2453:
2449:
2444:
2436:
2435:Kristallnacht
2433:, damaged on
2432:
2431:
2425:
2421:
2419:
2418:New Synagogue
2414:
2413:Kristallnacht
2402:
2401:Kristallnacht
2399:Responses to
2396:
2394:
2390:
2389:Star of David
2386:
2382:
2378:
2374:
2370:
2366:
2365:Kristallnacht
2361:
2359:
2358:
2351:
2349:
2343:
2341:
2337:
2332:
2330:
2327:
2320:
2319:Kristallnacht
2316:
2311:
2305:
2304:Kristallnacht
2301:
2296:
2286:
2282:
2280:
2275:
2271:
2266:
2261:
2259:
2255:
2249:
2244:
2240:
2238:
2237:Sachsenhausen
2234:
2230:
2226:
2220:
2218:
2217:Kristallnacht
2211:
2207:
2206:Kristallnacht
2203:
2194:
2192:
2188:
2187:
2182:
2181:
2176:
2172:
2168:
2164:
2160:
2159:Kristallnacht
2156:
2152:
2147:
2145:
2140:
2136:
2121:
2117:
2115:
2111:
2105:
2104:to flourish.
2103:
2102:
2097:
2091:
2088:
2084:
2073:
2069:
2062:
2058:
2051:
2047:
2038:
2036:
2035:refugee camps
2030:
2027:
2023:
2019:
2015:
2011:
2005:
1991:
1987:
1984:
1980:
1974:
1972:
1967:
1963:
1957:
1955:
1951:
1950:
1945:
1940:
1935:
1931:
1927:
1923:
1918:
1916:
1912:
1911:
1906:
1902:
1898:
1894:
1890:
1886:
1882:
1878:
1874:
1870:
1866:
1853:
1848:
1846:
1841:
1839:
1834:
1833:
1831:
1830:
1827:
1819:
1818:
1811:
1808:
1806:
1803:
1801:
1800:Weaponization
1798:
1796:
1793:
1791:
1790:Philosemitism
1788:
1787:
1781:
1780:
1773:
1770:
1768:
1765:
1763:
1760:
1757:
1754:
1752:
1749:
1747:
1744:
1742:
1739:
1737:
1734:
1732:
1729:
1727:
1724:
1722:
1719:
1717:
1714:
1712:
1711:Philosemitism
1709:
1707:
1704:
1702:
1699:
1696:
1692:
1690:
1687:
1685:
1682:
1681:
1678:
1673:
1672:
1665:
1662:
1660:
1657:
1655:
1652:
1650:
1647:
1643:
1640:
1638:
1635:
1634:
1633:
1630:
1628:
1625:
1623:
1620:
1618:
1615:
1613:
1612:
1608:
1606:
1603:
1601:
1598:
1596:
1595:The Holocaust
1593:
1589:
1586:
1584:
1581:
1580:
1579:
1576:
1574:
1571:
1569:
1566:
1564:
1561:
1559:
1556:
1555:
1552:
1547:
1546:
1539:
1536:
1534:
1531:
1529:
1526:
1524:
1521:
1519:
1516:
1514:
1511:
1509:
1506:
1504:
1501:
1499:
1496:
1494:
1491:
1489:
1488:Octavian Goga
1486:
1484:
1481:
1479:
1476:
1474:
1473:Ion Antonescu
1471:
1469:
1466:
1464:
1461:
1459:
1456:
1454:
1451:
1449:
1446:
1444:
1443:Joseph Stalin
1441:
1439:
1436:
1434:
1431:
1429:
1426:
1424:
1421:
1419:
1418:Martin Luther
1416:
1414:
1411:
1409:
1406:
1404:
1401:
1399:
1396:
1394:
1391:
1389:
1386:
1384:
1381:
1379:
1376:
1374:
1371:
1369:
1366:
1364:
1361:
1359:
1356:
1354:
1351:
1349:
1346:
1344:
1341:
1339:
1336:
1334:
1331:
1329:
1326:
1324:
1323:Andrew Anglin
1321:
1319:
1316:
1315:
1309:
1308:
1301:
1298:
1296:
1295:
1291:
1289:
1288:
1284:
1282:
1279:
1277:
1274:
1272:
1269:
1267:
1264:
1262:
1260:
1256:
1254:
1251:
1249:
1246:
1244:
1243:
1239:
1237:
1234:
1232:
1229:
1227:
1224:
1222:
1219:
1217:
1214:
1212:
1209:
1207:
1206:
1202:
1200:
1197:
1195:
1194:
1190:
1188:
1185:
1183:
1182:4chan (/pol/)
1180:
1179:
1173:
1172:
1165:
1162:
1160:
1157:
1154:
1148:
1146:
1143:
1140:
1134:
1132:
1129:
1127:
1124:
1122:
1119:
1117:
1114:
1112:
1109:
1107:
1104:
1102:
1099:
1097:
1094:
1092:
1089:
1087:
1086:
1081:
1079:
1076:
1074:
1073:Currency Wars
1071:
1069:
1066:
1064:
1061:
1059:
1056:
1055:
1052:
1047:
1046:
1039:
1036:
1034:
1031:
1029:
1026:
1024:
1021:
1017:
1016:SlĂĄnskĂœ trial
1014:
1012:
1011:Doctors' plot
1009:
1008:
1007:
1004:
1002:
999:
997:
996:Media control
994:
992:
989:
987:
984:
980:
977:
976:
975:
972:
970:
967:
965:
962:
960:
957:
955:
952:International
950:
948:
945:
943:
940:
938:
935:
933:
930:
928:
925:
923:
920:
918:
915:
913:
910:
908:
905:
904:
901:
896:
895:
886:
883:
881:
878:
877:
876:
873:
871:
868:
866:
863:
861:
858:
856:
853:
849:
846:
844:
841:
840:
839:
836:
834:
831:
829:
826:
824:
821:
819:
816:
814:
811:
809:
806:
804:
801:
799:
796:
794:
791:
787:
784:
783:
782:
779:
777:
774:
772:
769:
767:
764:
763:
757:
756:
749:
746:
742:
739:
737:
734:
733:
732:
729:
725:
722:
720:
717:
716:
715:
712:
710:
707:
705:
702:
700:
697:
695:
692:
690:
687:
683:
680:
679:
678:
675:
671:
668:
666:
663:
661:
658:
657:
656:
653:
651:
648:
646:
643:
641:
638:
636:
633:
631:
628:
626:
623:
621:
618:
616:
613:
611:
608:
606:
603:
599:
596:
594:
591:
590:
589:
586:
584:
581:
579:
576:
574:
571:
569:
566:
564:
561:
559:
556:
554:
551:
549:
546:
544:
541:
539:
536:
535:
532:
527:
526:
519:
516:
514:
511:
509:
506:
504:
501:
500:
494:
493:
488:
485:
483:
480:
478:
475:
474:
473:
472:
465:
461:
457:
456:
452:
448:
447:
444:
441:
440:
436:
432:
431:
422:
418:
414:
410:
400:
398:
397:the Holocaust
394:
389:
388:Kristallnacht
384:
378:
375:
374:
368:
364:
360:
356:
351:
349:
345:
341:
337:
332:
331:Kristallnacht
327:
323:
319:
315:Schutzstaffel
310:
301:
297:
293:
286:
280:
272:
268:
264:
260:
252:crystal night
238:
232:
224:
222:
221:Kristallnacht
212:
208:
204:
200:
196:
191:
190:
189:Schutzstaffel
183:
182:
176:
173:
169:
165:
161:
158:
154:
150:
146:
142:
138:
134:
131:
125:
122:
119:
115:
99:
95:
90:
86:
81:
78:
74:
69:
63:
58:
54:
53:Kristallnacht
49:
46:
42:
40:
39:Crystal Night
35:
33:
32:Crystal Night
25:
23:
22:Kristallnacht
11317:Israel riots
11309:2020âpresent
10962:21st century
10903:AMIA bombing
10487:Cairo pogrom
10113:
10068:Brest pogrom
9858:Skver pogrom
9755:20th century
9732:Corfu pogrom
9633:Tzfat pogrom
9542:Safed pogrom
9518:Arles pogrom
9478:1391 pogroms
9343:Ham massacre
9284:Fez massacre
9107:Yizkor books
8768:
8715:
8460:
8408:in Lithuania
8369:
8368:
8266:
8151:
8144:
8133:
8067:
8045:
8026:
8007:
7990:
7773:by Catholics
7642:Soviet Union
7510:By territory
7457:Nazi Germany
7433:
7323:Fabrikaktion
7321:
7299:Mass arrests
7288:
7279:
7275:Aryanization
7074:Architecture
7022:SS personnel
6970:
6956:SUMKA (Iran)
6582:Social order
6507:Antisemitism
6460:Palingenetic
6351:Dictatorship
6320:Conspiracism
6244:Labour camps
6214:Deportations
6201:
6173:World War II
6120:Kirchenkampf
6108:Nazi Germany
5989:Hitler Youth
5953:Organisation
5898:. Retrieved
5894:the original
5889:
5873:. Retrieved
5869:the original
5864:
5849:. Retrieved
5844:
5829:. Retrieved
5820:
5807:the original
5790:
5775:
5752:
5733:
5714:
5711:Runge, Irene
5691:
5668:
5653:
5635:
5617:
5599:
5589:
5572:
5554:
5531:
5519:
5518:Mara, Will.
5501:
5493:
5483:
5473:
5447:
5444:Gruner, Wolf
5423:
5410:
5400:
5390:
5380:
5373:pp 269-293.
5358:
5336:. Retrieved
5325:
5315:
5303:. Retrieved
5293:
5286:The Guardian
5284:
5269:
5260:
5245:
5233:. Retrieved
5228:
5219:
5207:. Retrieved
5198:
5188:
5176:. Retrieved
5167:
5158:
5146:. Retrieved
5135:
5110:. Retrieved
5099:
5089:
5077:. Retrieved
5068:The Atlantic
5066:
5056:
5044:. Retrieved
5035:
5025:
5013:. Retrieved
4999:
4987:. Retrieved
4983:the original
4973:
4965:
4958:. Retrieved
4947:
4937:
4928:
4921:. Retrieved
4917:the original
4902:
4883:
4877:
4868:
4862:
4838:
4814:. Retrieved
4805:
4797:The Guardian
4796:
4786:
4763:. Retrieved
4749:
4737:
4725:. Retrieved
4705:
4693:. Retrieved
4678:
4671:Ullrich 2016
4666:
4656:
4648:
4638:
4611:
4599:
4587:
4575:
4563:
4551:
4524:
4515:
4509:
4490:
4482:
4478:
4474:
4442:. Retrieved
4433:
4424:
4412:. Retrieved
4403:
4393:
4385:
4380:
4371:
4353:
4341:. Retrieved
4333:The Guardian
4332:
4322:
4303:
4296:Ullrich 2016
4291:
4281:
4278:Raul Hilberg
4273:
4261:. Retrieved
4247:
4239:
4234:
4218:
4213:
4205:
4201:
4189:. Retrieved
4185:the original
4151:
4132:
4127:
4118:
4095:
4083:. Retrieved
4074:
4065:
4052:. Retrieved
4048:the original
4037:
4028:
4022:
3999:
3990:
3981:
3972:
3964:
3959:
3951:
3946:
3938:
3921:
3912:
3906:
3898:
3893:
3885:
3876:
3868:
3863:
3855:
3851:
3846:
3834:. Retrieved
3825:
3816:
3807:
3803:
3793:
3781:. Retrieved
3770:
3761:
3752:
3740:. Retrieved
3708:
3707:, volume 1:
3704:
3699:
3691:
3686:
3670:
3665:
3661:
3657:
3645:. Retrieved
3631:
3608:
3602:
3597:, p. 23
3595:Gilbert 2006
3573:. Retrieved
3559:
3547:. Retrieved
3532:
3512:
3507:
3488:
3470:
3450:
3446:
3440:
3428:. Retrieved
3419:
3410:
3403:Gilbert 2006
3398:
3393:
3385:the original
3380:The Atlantic
3378:
3358:Gilbert 2006
3353:
3340:
3331:
3319:. Retrieved
3287:Gilbert 2006
3271:
3264:. Retrieved
3244:
3237:
3217:
3205:
3197:
3185:. Retrieved
3175:
3161:
3154:. Retrieved
3136:
3123:
3116:. Retrieved
3105:
3092:
3083:
3082:
3066:
3057:
3056:
3044:
3025:Aktionsjuden
3007:
2999:
2991:Donald Trump
2981:
2972:
2963:
2962:
2951:
2947:The Atlantic
2945:
2942:Nazi Germany
2938:antisemitism
2933:
2919:
2917:
2906:
2902:
2901:
2896:
2875:
2857:
2853:
2852:
2837:
2823:
2819:atonal music
2802:
2790:
2780:
2763:
2755:
2749:
2731:
2730:
2719:
2711:
2701:
2695:
2686:
2685:
2679:
2673:World War II
2670:
2656:
2642:
2618:
2616:
2599:
2597:
2584:
2572:
2571:
2553:
2547:
2539:
2525:
2513:
2509:
2505:
2501:
2497:
2476:
2470:
2468:
2463:
2460:Adolf Hitler
2456:
2451:
2448:Paul Ehrlich
2440:
2434:
2430:Paul Ehrlich
2428:Portrait of
2427:
2412:
2410:
2400:
2385:Yaron Svoray
2364:
2362:
2355:
2353:
2345:
2339:
2335:
2333:
2323:
2318:
2303:
2284:
2272:
2268:
2263:
2253:
2251:
2246:
2241:
2221:
2216:
2214:
2205:
2184:
2178:
2171:LĂda BaarovĂĄ
2158:
2148:
2132:
2118:
2106:
2099:
2092:
2076:
2065:
2031:
2007:
1976:
1965:
1959:
1947:
1944:Hans Mommsen
1939:anti-Semitic
1919:
1908:
1877:Enabling Act
1865:Adolf Hitler
1861:
1805:Anti-Zionism
1664:Yellow badge
1609:
1605:Jewish quota
1508:Ioan Slavici
1463:Ernst ZĂŒndel
1393:Adolf Hitler
1378:Nick Fuentes
1318:Baked Alaska
1292:
1285:
1258:
1240:
1216:Goebbels Gap
1203:
1191:
1085:(video game)
1084:
959:Jewish lobby
907:Andinia Plan
741:21st century
724:Labour Party
689:South Africa
677:Saudi Arabia
665:Soviet Union
598:21st-century
443:Antisemitism
379:
371:
352:
326:Nazi Germany
322:Hitler Youth
262:
258:
218:
217:
211:antisemitism
195:Hitler Youth
175:Adolf Hitler
171:Perpetrators
149:mass arrests
80:Nazi Germany
45:
38:
31:
21:
10666:1950sâ1960s
10438:(1944â1945)
10322:(1941â1945)
10071: [
10000: [
9910:(1918â1920)
9882:LwĂłw pogrom
9850:LwĂłw pogrom
9794:Kiev pogrom
9695:(1881â1884)
9585:Mawza Exile
9571:(1648â1657)
9419:(1348â1350)
9407:(1336â1339)
9353:(1189â1190)
9113:Never again
8944:(Action T4)
8870:Remembrance
8655:Homosexuals
8625:Soviet POWs
8553:CzÄstochowa
8101:Gas chamber
7912:RavensbrĂŒck
7853:Gross-Rosen
7848:FlossenbĂŒrg
7731:Philippines
7663:Yugoslavia
7622:Netherlands
7550:Sudetenland
7403:Operation 7
7377:RavensbrĂŒck
7357:FlossenbĂŒrg
7315:Deportation
7249:Sudetenland
7134:Strasserism
6796:de Gobineau
6771:Chamberlain
6637:Politicians
6624:Volkskörper
6527:Master race
6497:Prussianism
6445:Nationalism
6400:Imperialism
6341:Corporatism
5305:10 November
4960:25 February
4631:Gordon 1984
4616:Gordon 1984
4604:Gordon 1984
4592:Gordon 1984
4580:Gordon 1984
4568:Gordon 1984
4556:Gordon 1984
4544:Gordon 1984
4529:Gordon 1984
3772:Der Spiegel
3430:9 September
3266:22 December
3187:13 November
2908:Mayn Yngele
2888:" in their
2868:power metal
2783:avant-garde
2768:Berlin Wall
2651:. Once the
2381:Brandenburg
2258:Hugh Greene
2144:Walter Buch
2018:Polenaktion
2014:Polish Jews
2004:Polenaktion
1654:Segregation
1551:Persecution
1498:Nae Ionescu
1199:Disclose.tv
912:Blood libel
848:Strasserism
630:New Zealand
578:Costa Rican
497:Definitions
355:Sudetenland
128:Attack type
89:Sudetenland
11486:1938 riots
11460:Categories
10523:Kunmadaras
9932:Justingrad
9448:Strasbourg
9102:Yad Vashem
9082:Uniqueness
8937:Nisko Plan
8710:Nazi Party
8518:Resistance
8488:Ninth Fort
8353:Vel' d'Hiv
8125:Nazi units
8063:Westerbork
8053:Amersfoort
7907:Neuengamme
7888:Mauthausen
7868:Kaiserwald
7838:Buchenwald
7617:Luxembourg
7372:Neuengamme
7347:Buchenwald
7306:Emigration
7294:in Leipzig
7244:Luxembourg
6842:Atrocities
6757:Ideologues
6592:Syncretism
6517:Aryan race
6492:Propaganda
6440:Militarism
6421:Lebensraum
6384:Geopolitik
6310:Chauvinism
6198:Neo-Nazism
6038:Nazi Party
5673:VDM Verlag
5148:29 January
5112:27 January
5079:28 January
5046:25 January
5015:25 January
4930:is Lucas!"
4816:10 October
4777:required.)
4727:19 October
4335:. London.
4111:Yad Vashem
3783:9 November
3742:6 February
3053:References
2984:California
2877:Masterplan
2872:Masterplan
2832:and later
2787:Gary Lucas
2785:guitarist
2752:9 November
2718:newspaper
2407:In Germany
2329:Wilhelm II
2233:Buchenwald
1954:businesses
1949:Gauleiters
1772:Yad Vashem
1677:Opposition
1649:Refuseniks
1600:Jewish hat
1573:Expulsions
1483:A. C. Cuza
1478:Horia Sima
1458:Rick Wiles
1408:David Lane
1368:Henry Ford
1353:David Duke
1328:Louis Beam
1276:Terrorgram
1271:Stormfront
1126:Mein Kampf
991:Kosher tax
979:ƻydokomuna
917:Cohen Plan
793:Creativity
403:Background
348:Polish Jew
336:synagogues
300:Nazi Party
275:pronounced
157:kidnapping
108:1938-11-10
104:1938-11-09
11194:2010â2019
11147:2004â2009
10969:2000â2009
10501:1946â1999
10222:Szczuczyn
10194:Bucharest
10091:1938â1945
9967:Proskurov
9925:Radomyshl
9842:The Tritl
9762:1900â1937
9561:1600â1899
9381:1300â1599
9268:1000â1299
9247:(614â617)
9239:(351â352)
9231:(132â136)
9164:Massacres
9060:Education
8955:Aftermath
8867:Aftermath
8829:Trawnikis
8753:Wehrmacht
8748:Waffen-SS
8548:BiaĆystok
8376:Bucharest
8348:Marseille
8225:Elsewhere
8186:BiaĆystok
7998:Breendonk
7975:Treblinka
7828:Auschwitz
7612:Lithuania
7422:Aftermath
7222:By region
6851:Action T4
6821:Rosenberg
6801:Haushofer
6746:Streicher
6532:Nordicism
6477:New Order
6166:Anschluss
5964:Ahnenerbe
5795:from the
5610:In German
5338:13 August
5209:21 August
5178:21 August
3901:, p. 430.
3871:, p. 228.
3617:cite book
3399:The Times
3084:Citations
2864:John Zorn
2830:Tennessee
2824:In 1989,
2612:Melbourne
2484:Gauleiter
2290:Aftermath
2210:Magdeburg
2169:actress,
1333:Don Black
1266:StoneToss
1236:Metapedia
1231:Jew Watch
1121:The Light
875:Secondary
870:Religious
781:Christian
771:Alt-right
748:Venezuela
670:Stalinist
645:Palestine
543:Australia
538:Argentina
531:Geography
487:Reference
373:The Times
290:), was a
257:) or the
70:in Berlin
11381:Nahal Oz
11374:Kissufim
11367:Kfar Aza
11091:Istanbul
10285:Babi Yar
10250:Jedwabne
9657:Allahdad
9255:(628 CE)
9170:against
9045:Academia
8498:PiaĆnica
8468:Babi Yar
8396:Jedwabne
8335:Roundups
8268:Judenrat
8232:Budapest
8003:Mechelen
7965:Majdanek
7922:Stutthof
7883:Majdanek
7778:by Poles
7736:Portugal
7714:Response
7705:Timeline
7683:Overview
7545:Slovakia
7532:Bulgaria
7157:Category
7096:Glossary
6811:von List
6766:Baeumler
6701:Goebbels
6686:Heydrich
6666:Eichmann
6522:Aryanism
6487:Populism
6377:Eugenics
6266:Ideology
6229:Genocide
5713:(1988).
5634:(1988).
5553:(2016).
5332:Archived
5278:Archived
5254:Archived
5203:Archived
5172:Archived
5142:Archived
5106:Archived
5073:Archived
5040:Archived
5009:Archived
4954:Archived
4765:29 April
4718:Archived
4695:20 April
4689:Archived
4498:Archived
4469:. p. 325
4438:Archived
4414:18 April
4408:Archived
4337:Archived
4311:Archived
4257:Archived
4229:, p. 131
4159:Archived
4140:Archived
4103:Archived
4085:19 March
4079:Archived
4007:Archived
3929:Archived
3836:12 March
3830:Archived
3810:: 21â69.
3777:Archived
3733:Archived
3675:Archived
3647:12 March
3641:Archived
3575:12 March
3569:Archived
3549:12 March
3543:Archived
3467:23055305
3424:Archived
3315:Archived
3260:Archived
3215:(2006).
3150:Archived
3112:Archived
3019:See also
3013:Fortnite
2993:and the
2795:Hatikvah
2708:genocide
2373:Shanghai
2315:Eisenach
2087:Herschel
1826:Category
1741:UN Watch
1611:Judensau
1568:Boycotts
1226:Groypers
969:Judensau
843:Neo-Nazi
828:Medieval
798:Economic
766:Academic
640:Pakistan
513:Three Ds
482:Timeline
458:Part of
435:a series
433:Part of
294:against
153:homicide
106: â
87:and the
76:Location
11416:Yakhini
11284:(2019)
10609:Djerada
10602:Tripoli
10530:Miskolc
10313:Rumbula
10271:Tykocin
10201:Antwerp
10062:(1936)
9946:Zviahel
9223:(66â73)
9168:pogroms
9072:Lessons
8508:Rumbula
8381:Dorohoi
8362:Pogroms
8314:Victims
8164:Ghettos
8096:Gas van
8084:Methods
8058:Schoorl
8036:Bolzano
7984:Transit
7970:Sobibor
7960:CheĆmno
7927:Vaivara
7863:Hinzert
7808:ghettos
7761:Vatican
7667:Croatia
7657:Ukraine
7647:Belarus
7637:Romania
7589:Hungary
7572:Germany
7562:Estonia
7557:Denmark
7527:Belgium
7522:Austria
7517:Albania
7362:Hinzert
7229:Austria
7208:Part of
7091:Economy
7058:Related
7050:Economy
6886:Germany
6884:Outside
6826:Schmitt
6711:Lammers
6691:Himmler
6661:Drexler
6651:Daluege
6646:Bormann
6472:New Man
6249:Pogroms
6234:Ghettos
6070:History
5602:(2015)
5592:(2012)
5486:(2014)
5413:(2006)
5235:10 June
4317:(USHMM)
4054:6 March
3882:Potsdam
2893:dialect
2890:Cologne
2826:Al Gore
2772:holiday
2393:mezuzot
2068:Hanover
1979:Zionist
1632:Pogroms
1287:TruNews
1248:Red Ice
1221:GoyimTV
932:Deicide
885:Zionist
860:Olympic
818:Islamic
736:History
709:Ukraine
650:Romania
615:Hungary
605:Germany
573:Chilean
568:Chinese
558:Belgium
553:Belarus
548:Austria
477:History
246:
141:looting
102: (
85:Austria
24:(album)
11441:(2024)
11433:(2023)
11395:Nir Oz
11346:Be'eri
11327:(2022)
11319:(2021)
11300:(2019)
11292:(2019)
11276:(2018)
11268:(2017)
11260:(2016)
11252:(2015)
11244:(2014)
11236:(2014)
11228:(2014)
11220:(2012)
11212:(2012)
11204:(2011)
11181:(2008)
11173:(2006)
11165:(2004)
11157:(2004)
10945:(1997)
10937:(1997)
10929:(1996)
10921:(1995)
10913:(1994)
10905:(1994)
10897:(1991)
10889:(1990)
10866:(1989)
10858:(1986)
10850:(1985)
10842:(1982)
10834:(1981)
10826:(1981)
10818:(1980)
10810:(1980)
10787:(1979)
10779:(1978)
10771:(1975)
10763:(1974)
10755:(1974)
10747:(1972)
10739:(1972)
10731:(1970)
10708:(1968)
10700:(1967)
10692:(1956)
10684:(1954)
10676:(1952)
10580:Manama
10573:Aleppo
10516:Kielce
10292:Odessa
10264:Ponary
10257:Farhud
10243:WÄ
sosz
10081:(1937)
10054:(1936)
10046:(1934)
10038:(1934)
10030:(1931)
10022:(1929)
10014:(1929)
10006:(1927)
9991:(1921)
9960:Fastov
9884:(1918)
9876:(1918)
9868:(1917)
9860:(1917)
9852:(1914)
9844:(1912)
9836:(1910)
9828:(1906)
9820:(1906)
9812:(1905)
9804:(1905)
9796:(1905)
9788:(1903)
9780:(1903)
9772:(1902)
9742:(1898)
9734:(1891)
9710:Warsaw
9683:(1871)
9675:(1859)
9667:(1840)
9659:(1839)
9651:(1838)
9643:(1834)
9635:(1834)
9627:(1821)
9619:(1819)
9611:(1805)
9603:(1790)
9595:(1768)
9587:(1679)
9579:(1660)
9552:(1536)
9544:(1517)
9536:(1517)
9528:(1506)
9520:(1484)
9512:(1478)
9504:(1474)
9496:(1465)
9488:(1401)
9480:(1391)
9472:(1370)
9455:Zurich
9441:Speyer
9427:Erfurt
9399:(1328)
9391:(1320)
9361:(1298)
9345:(1143)
9328:Mainz
9321:Speyer
9306:(1096)
9294:(1066)
9286:(1033)
9278:(1013)
8978:Bricha
8744:(Orpo)
8617:Others
8603:ƻegota
8565:Rescue
8543:Warsaw
8503:Ponary
8413:Kaunas
8216:Warsaw
8201:Lublin
8191:KrakĂłw
8178:Poland
8022:Drancy
7955:Belzec
7932:Warsaw
7843:Dachau
7751:Turkey
7746:Sweden
7672:Serbia
7652:Russia
7632:Poland
7627:Norway
7607:Latvia
7577:Greece
7567:France
7391:Rescue
7352:Dachau
7079:Cinema
7060:topics
7045:Cinema
6816:MĂŒller
6786:Eckart
6706:Göring
6696:Hitler
6656:Dönitz
6502:Racism
6455:Racial
6393:Heimat
6004:NSDStB
5946:Nazism
5900:21 May
5875:20 May
5851:20 May
5831:20 May
5759:
5740:
5721:
5698:
5679:
5660:
5642:
5624:
5604:online
5594:online
5577:online
5561:
5539:
5524:online
5508:
5488:online
5478:online
5454:
5432:
5415:online
5405:online
5395:online
5385:online
5375:online
5365:
4989:16 May
4923:20 May
4890:
4850:
4771:
4643:1997).
4465:
4362:
4225:
4191:17 May
3523:
3495:
3465:
3321:19 May
3252:
3225:
3156:1 July
3118:1 July
2736:Nazism
2714:, the
2617:After
2348:FĂŒhrer
2326:Kaiser
2317:after
2302:after
2300:Munich
2235:, and
2229:Dachau
2124:Pogrom
2010:Poland
1930:Romani
1758:(IHRA)
1588:Mellah
1261:(blog)
865:Racial
838:Nazism
823:Jewish
704:Turkey
699:Sweden
655:Russia
635:Norway
610:Greece
588:France
583:Europe
563:Canada
419:, and
292:pogrom
267:German
202:Motive
193:(SS),
163:Deaths
133:Pogrom
117:Target
11409:Re'im
11402:Nirim
11360:Holit
10879:1990s
10800:1980s
10721:1970s
10208:GabĂšs
10079:]
10004:]
9953:Pinsk
9939:Skver
9434:Basel
9314:Worms
9186:1â999
9092:Humor
9065:Films
8762:Units
8493:Odesa
8343:Izieu
8257:Vilna
8242:Minsk
8237:Kovno
8211:Radom
8075:SereÄ
7892:Gusen
7873:Kauen
7804:Camps
7741:Spain
7726:Japan
7600:Libya
7594:Italy
7334:Camps
7139:Women
6984:Lists
6972:MoreâŠ
6791:Feder
6776:Darré
6731:Speer
6676:Frick
6671:Frank
6465:Ultra
6450:Ethno
5999:NSDĂB
5466:also
4721:(PDF)
4714:(PDF)
4444:1 May
4434:Argus
4343:7 May
4263:4 May
3736:(PDF)
3729:(PDF)
2870:band
2377:China
2167:Czech
2082:'
2078:'
1966:Reich
1871:) as
1187:8chan
1159:Siege
1001:QAnon
694:Spain
625:Japan
620:Italy
145:arson
137:purge
11083:2003
11005:2002
10976:2001
10644:1949
10594:1948
10566:Aden
10544:1947
10508:1946
10451:1945
10407:1944
10371:1943
10335:1942
10236:Lviv
10229:IaÈi
10186:1941
10164:1940
10128:1939
10099:1938
9974:Kiev
9918:Lida
9703:Kiev
9204:(66)
9196:(38)
9172:Jews
8983:List
8738:(SD)
8718:(SS)
8401:Lviv
8386:IaÈi
8326:Jews
8247:Riga
8206:LwĂłw
8196:ĆĂłdĆș
8168:list
8017:Gurs
7890:and
7806:and
6781:Devi
6721:Röhm
6681:Hess
6059:(SS)
6049:(SA)
6019:NSKK
6014:NSFK
6009:NSRL
5902:2008
5877:2008
5853:2008
5833:2008
5757:ISBN
5738:ISBN
5719:ISBN
5696:ISBN
5677:ISBN
5658:ISBN
5640:ISBN
5622:ISBN
5559:ISBN
5537:ISBN
5506:ISBN
5452:ISBN
5430:ISBN
5363:ISBN
5340:2023
5307:2022
5237:2019
5211:2018
5180:2018
5150:2014
5114:2014
5081:2014
5048:2014
5017:2016
4991:2008
4962:2019
4925:2008
4888:ISBN
4848:ISBN
4818:2022
4767:2012
4729:2014
4697:2012
4463:ISBN
4446:2017
4416:2018
4360:ISBN
4345:2010
4265:2006
4223:ISBN
4193:2008
4087:2019
4056:2009
3838:2008
3785:2018
3744:2010
3649:2008
3623:link
3577:2008
3551:2008
3521:ISBN
3493:ISBN
3463:PMID
3432:2019
3323:2018
3268:2016
3250:ISBN
3223:ISBN
3189:2023
3158:2019
3120:2019
2936:and
2846:and
2781:The
2740:evil
2274:KOLD
2252:The
1977:The
776:Arab
462:and
318:(SS)
311:and
309:(SA)
296:Jews
243:lit.
121:Jews
97:Date
36:and
9166:or
8132:SS-
7069:Art
6024:NSF
4756:doi
4013:, (
3455:doi
3002:KFC
2940:in
2882:BAP
2793:, "
2778:).
2239:.
1211:Gab
855:New
731:USA
342:by
302:'s
166:91+
11462::
10077:pl
10075:;
10073:de
10002:hu
8069:sk
8047:nl
8029:it
8010:fr
7992:be
5888:.
5863:.
5843:.
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