New Netherland - Knowledge

91: 1075: 76: 3713: 869: 2632: 2462:, however, established the Reformed Church as the official religious institution of New Netherland. Its successor church is the Reformed Church in America. The colonists had to attract the Indians and other non-believers to God's word, "through attitude and by example" but not "to persecute someone by reason of his religion, and to leave everyone the freedom of his conscience." In addition, the laws and ordinances of the states of Holland were incorporated by reference in those first instructions to the Governors Island settlers in 1624. There were two test cases during Stuyvesant's governorship in which the rule prevailed: the official granting of full residency for both 1412: 1287: 2331:

to encouraging immigration and developing local government. Stuyvesant's predecessors...had been dishonest or, at best, inept, so there was no tradition of respect and support for the governorship on which he could build. Furthermore, the colonists were vocal and quick to challenge authority....Throughout his administration there were constant complaints to the company of his tyrannical acts and pressure for more local self-government....His religious intolerance also exacerbated relations with the colonists, most of whom did not share his narrow outlook.

2224: 1907: 2907: 3286: 3166: 3314: 2659: 3300: 3328: 7944: 1041: 3342: 61: 1267: 1697: 3055: 2747:, Scotland, and Ireland resolved to annex New Netherland and "bring all his Kingdoms under one form of government, both in church and state, and to install the Anglican government as in old England". The Dutch West India Company directors concluded that the religious freedom they offered in New Netherland would dissuade English colonists from working toward their removal. They wrote to Director-General 1525: 2164:. Subsequently, a colonist was murdered in an act of revenge for some killings that had taken place years earlier and the Indians refused to turn over the perpetrator. Kieft suggested that they be taught a lesson by ransacking their villages. In an attempt to gain public support, he created the Citizens Commission the 2451:

children could be baptized. Slaves could testify in court, sign legal documents, and bring civil actions against whites. Some were permitted to work after hours earning wages equal to those paid to white workers. When the colony fell, the company freed the slaves, establishing early on a nucleus of free blacks.

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enemies per their treaty understandings with the Dutch. The massacre left 130 dead. Within days, the surrounding tribes united and rampaged the countryside, in a unique move, forcing settlers who escaped to find safety at Fort Amsterdam. For two years, a series of raids and reprisals raged across the

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The Dutch West India Company introduced slavery in 1625 with the importation of 11 black slaves who worked as farmers, fur traders, and builders. They had a few basic rights and families were usually kept intact. They were admitted to the Dutch Reformed Church and married by its ministers, and their

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Peter Stuyvesant was essentially a difficult man thrust into a difficult position. Quick tempered, self-confident, and authoritarian, he was determined...to rule firmly and to repair the fortunes of the company. The company, however, had run the colony solely for trade profits, with scant attention

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or manufactured goods was a trade agreement and defense alliance, which gave them exclusive rights to farming, hunting, and fishing. Often, the Indians did not vacate the property or reappeared seasonally according to their migration patterns. They were willing to share the land with the colonists,

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was one of the founders of the GWC, and he promoted the concept that the company's main goal should be to establish colonies in the New World. In 1620, Usselincx made a last appeal to the States General, which rejected his principal vision as a primary goal. The legislators preferred the formula of

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in 1626 and made a decision that greatly affected the new colony. Originally, the capital of the province was to be located on the South River, but it was soon realized that the location was susceptible to mosquito infestation in the summer and the freezing of its waterways in the winter. He chose

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e are in hopes that as the English at the north (in New Netherland) have removed mostly from old England for the causes aforesaid, they will not give us henceforth so much trouble, but prefer to live free under us at peace with their consciences than to risk getting rid of our authority and then

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was the governing body of the Republic of the Seven United Netherlands, and it proclaimed on 17 March 1614, that it would grant an exclusive patent for trade between the 40th and 45th parallels. This monopoly would be valid for four voyages, and all four voyages had to be undertaken within three

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were trying to contain further Dutch expansion. Discontent in New Amsterdam led locals to dispatch Adriaen van der Donck back to the United Provinces to seek redress. After nearly three years of legal and political wrangling, the Dutch Government came down against the GWC, granting the colony a

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The Council did not rubber-stamp his ideas, as he had expected them to, but took the opportunity to mention grievances that they had with the company's mismanagement and its unresponsiveness to their suggestions. Kieft thanked and disbanded them and, against their advice, ordered that groups of

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from 1638 until 1647. The colony had grown somewhat before his arrival, reaching 8,000 population in 1635. Yet it did not flourish, and Kieft was under pressure to cut costs. At this time, Indian tribes that had signed mutual defense treaties with the Dutch were gathering near the colony due to

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went so far as to say that "the origins of the two Republics are so much alike that the history of one seems but a transcript from that of the other." The Articles of Capitulation (outlining the terms of transfer to the English) in 1664 provided for the right to worship as one wished, and were

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calculated an equivalent of $ 72 in 1992. Historians James and Michelle Nevius revisited the issue in 2014, suggesting that using the prices of beer and brandy as monetary equivalencies, the price Minuit paid would have the purchasing power of somewhere between $ 2,600 and $ 15,600 in current

1198:, the Dutch Consul at London. This stimulated interest in exploiting this new trade resource, and it was the catalyst for Dutch merchant-traders to fund more expeditions. Merchants such as Arnout Vogels sent the first follow-up voyages to exploit this discovery as early as July 1610. 1381:

trading posts with small populations and a military presence to protect them, which was working in the East Indies, versus encouraging mass immigration and establishing large colonies. The company did not focus on colonization in America until 1654 when it was forced to surrender

2686:, some with permission from the colonial government and others with complete disregard for it. The English colonies grew more rapidly than New Netherland as they were motivated by a desire to establish communities with religious roots, rather than for trade purposes. The 1252:

was born in Santo Domingo of Portuguese and African descent. He arrived in Manhattan during the winter of 1613–1614, trapping for pelts and trading with the Indians as a representative of the Dutch. He was the first recorded non-native inhabitant of New York City.

5911:"Last Monday, the anniversary of St. Nicholas, otherwise called Santa Claus, was celebrated at Protestant Hall, at Mr. Waldron's; where a great number of sons of the ancient saint, the "Sons of Saint Nicholas", celebrated the day with great joy and festivity." 2264:

During the period of his governorship, the province experienced exponential growth. Demands were made upon Stuyvesant from all sides: the GWC, the States General, and the New Netherlanders. The English were nibbling at Dutch territory to the north and the

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Upon returning to the Netherlands, Hudson reported that he had found fertile land and amicable people willing to engage his crew in small-scale bartering of furs, trinkets, clothes, and small manufactured goods. His report was first published in 1611 by

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in the Netherlands. Nations vied for domination of lucrative trade routes around the globe, particularly those to Asia. Simultaneously, philosophical and theological conflicts were manifested in military battles throughout the European continent. The

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was changed to "Santa Claus", a name first used in the American press in 1773, when Nicholas was used as a symbol of New York's non-British past. However, many of the "traditions" of Santa Claus may have simply been invented by Irving in his 1809

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tended to speak French, and Scandinavians and Germans brought their own tongues. It is likely that the Africans in Manhattan spoke their mother tongues but were taught Dutch from 1638 by Adam Roelantsz van Dokkum. The arrival of refugees from

2314:. These conflicts were generally over settlement of land by New Netherlanders for which contracts had not been clarified, and were seen by the natives as an unwanted incursion into their territory. Previously, the Esopus, a clan of the 1652:

Company policy required land to be purchased from the Indians. The Dutch West India Company would offer a land patent, and the recipient would be responsible for negotiating a deal with representatives of the local tribes, usually the

1665:; they had vastly different conceptions of ownership and use of land than the colonists did, and difficulties sometimes arose concerning the expectations on both sides. The colonists thought that their proffer of gifts in the form of 2536:

from the Lenape (and was soon after dismissed as director), knew that the Dutch would be unable to defend the southern flank of their North American territory and had not signed treaties with or purchased land there from the

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was on land claimed by the United Provinces. Still, the Dutch could not populate or militarily defend their territorial claim and, therefore, could do nothing but protest the growing flood of English settlers. With the 1650

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but the Indians did not intend to leave or give up access. This misunderstanding and other differences led to violent conflict later. At the same time, such differences marked the beginnings of a multicultural society.

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widespread warfare and dislocation among the tribes to the north. At first, he suggested collecting tribute from the Indians, as was common among the various dominant tribes, but his demands were simply ignored by the

2430:, South Americans, and even the Indians who were integral to the society. Dutch was the official language and likely the lingua franca of the province, although other languages were also spoken. There were various 3127:

had a large impact on the popular view of New Netherland's legacy. Irving's romantic vision of a Dutch yeomanry dominated the popular imagination about the colony since its publication in 1809. The tradition of

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in the United States, and it left an enduring legacy on American cultural and political life, "a secular broadmindedness and mercantile pragmatism" greatly influenced by the social and political climate in the

2787:"shall keep and enjoy the liberty of their consciences in religion" under English rule. The Articles were largely observed in New Amsterdam and the Hudson River Valley, but were violated in another part of the 2697:

There initially was limited contact between New Englanders and New Netherlanders, but the two provinces engaged in direct diplomatic relations with a swelling English population and territorial disputes. The

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The colonists were disenchanted with Kieft, his ignorance of Indigenous peoples, and the unresponsiveness of the GWC to their rights and requests, and they submitted the Remonstrance of New Netherland to the

90: 1719:. Further south, a Swedish trading company that had ties with the Dutch tried to establish its first settlement along the Delaware River three years later. Without resources to consolidate its position, 2458:

is the founding document of the Dutch Republic, signed in 1579, and it stated "that everyone shall remain free in religion and that no one may be persecuted or investigated because of religion". The

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operations with the Indians. The location of the fort proved to be impractical, however, due to repeated flooding of the island in the summers, and it was abandoned in 1618 when the patent expired.

8033: 6071: 2604:. These raids are sometimes considered revenge for the murder of a Munsee woman attempting to pluck a peach, though it is possible that they were an attempt to disrupt the attack on New Sweden. 4644: 8053: 4771: 2114:

to establish a settlement of at least 50 families within four years who would live as tenant farmers. Of the original five patents given, the largest and only truly successful endeavor was

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outside the fort walls became a major hub for trade between North America, the Caribbean, and Europe, and where raw materials were loaded, such as pelts, lumber, and tobacco. Sanctioned

1336:(Iron Hog), a vessel built in America. Despite the survey, the company was unable to secure an exclusive patent from the States General for the area between the 38th and 40th parallels. 1574:

who lived in the area. The Dutch depended on the native nations to capture, skin, and deliver pelts to them, especially beaver. It is likely that Hudson's peaceful contact with the

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Nieuwe Wereldt ofte Beschrijvinghe van West-Indien, uit veelerhande Schriften ende Aen-teekeningen van verscheyden Natien (Leiden, Bonaventure & Abraham Elseviers, 1625)

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having a standard value of 2.5 guilders). " variable-rate myth being a contradiction in terms, the purchase price remains forever frozen at twenty-four dollars," as authors

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The storehouse of the Dutch West India Company in Amsterdam, built in 1642, became the headquarters of the board in 1647 because of financial difficulties after the loss of

6175: 1332:(South River) in 1616 from its bay to its northernmost navigable reaches. His observations were preserved in a map drawn in 1616. Hendricksz made his voyages aboard the 4759:

678.91 (2006), equal to about $ 1,000 in 2006 and $ 963 in 2020. However, these are underestimates because of the immediate devaluation of the euro at its introduction.

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on Long Island. The Dutch West India Company refused to recognize the treaty but failed to reach any other agreement with the English, so the Hartford Treaty set the

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on the west bank in an attempt to disrupt trade and reassert control. Three years later, Fort Casimir was seized by the Swedes, who renamed it Fort Trinity. In 1655,

1712:. To that end, they cultivated contingent relations with the Five Nations of the Iroquois to procure greater access to key central regions from which the skins came. 8048: 7983: 2619:

had drawn up a charter for a utopian society that included equal education of all classes, joint ownership of property, and a democratically elected government.

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In 1626, sixty guilders were valued at approximately $ 1,000 in 2006 and $ 963 in 2020, according to the Institute for Social History of Amsterdam. Based on the

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Minuit traded some goods with the local population and reported that he had purchased it from the natives, as was company policy. He ordered the construction of

1848:, which also delivered 103 horses, steers, cows, pigs, and sheep. Most settlers were dispersed to the various garrisons built across the territory: upstream to 8073: 8063: 5238: 3015:

incorporated into subsequent city, state, and national constitutions in the United States, and are the legal and cultural code that lies at the root of the

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The Dutch encouraged a kind of feudal aristocracy over time to attract settlers to the region of the Hudson River in what became known as the system of the

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were seasonally migrational people. The Dutch called the numerous band collectively the River Indians, known the exonyms associated with place names as the

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in the middle. The seven arrows in the lion's claw in the Dutch Republic's coat of arms was a precedent for the thirteen arrows in the eagle's claw in the

1590:) conquered the Mahicans, who retreated to Connecticut. The Mohawks gained a near-monopoly in the fur trade with the Dutch, as they controlled the upstate 5580: 1298:

The immediate and intense competition among Dutch trading companies in the newly charted areas led to disputes in Amsterdam and calls for regulation. The

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in Brazil to Portugal, encouraging some of its residents to emigrate north and making the North American colonies more appealing to some investors. The

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Benchley, Nathaniel. "The $ 24 Swindle: The Indians who sold Manhattan were bilked, all right, but they didn't mind — the land wasn't theirs anyway."

4648: 1801:). Discovery, charting, and permanent settlement were needed to maintain a territorial claim. To this end in May 1624, the GWC landed 30 families at 442: 2723:, Stuyvesant provisionally ceded the Connecticut River region to New England, drawing New Netherland's eastern border 50 Dutch miles (approximately 7973: 3367: 2447:(with Hebrew as a liturgical language). Commercial activity in the harbor could have been transacted simultaneously in any of a number of tongues. 523: 2979:

imports. In 1682, visiting Virginian William Byrd commented about New Amsterdam that "they have as many sects of religion there as at Amsterdam".

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Cornelis Meyln: "I was obliged to flee for the sake of saving my life, and to sojourn with wife and children at the Menatans till the year 1647."

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was a haven for many religious and intellectual refugees fleeing oppression, as well as home to the world's major ports in the newly developing

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Oliver A. Rink, Holland on the Hudson: An Economic and Social History of Dutch New York, Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1986, p. 156.

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The States General issued patents in 1614 for the development of New Netherland as a private, commercial venture. Soon after, traders built

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had been ignored. This left New Amsterdam effectively defenseless, but Stuyvesant negotiated good terms from his "too powerful enemies".

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In 1624, New Netherland became a province of the Dutch Republic, which had lowered the northern border of its North American dominion to

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to Asia, sailing around Scandinavia and Russia. The ice of the Arctic turned him back in his second attempt, so he sailed west to seek a

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Early settlers and their descendants gave many place names that are still in use throughout the region of New Netherland. They adapted

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Both in the way it was set up and in the extent of its rights, the council of Twelve Men, as did the two later advisory bodies ...

4922: 4461: 3006:, essentially the declaration of independence of the United Provinces from the Spanish throne, is strikingly similar to the later 7269: 5792: 4842: 2780: 1477: 1060: 4821: 7193: 4306: 2274:

measure of self-government and recalling Stuyvesant in April 1652. However, the orders were rescinded with the outbreak of the

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in acknowledgment of the claim by the English north of Cape Cod. The Dutch named the three main rivers of the province the

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in four voyages made between 1611 and 1614. These surveys and charts were consolidated in Block's map, which used the name

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Nieuwe Wereldt ofte Beschrijvinghe van West-Indien, uit veelerhande Schriften ende Aen-teekeningen van verscheyden Natien

3813: 3671: 1472: 1457: 1452: 1442: 1427: 1422: 827: 6249: 1048:'s 1614 expedition to New Netherland, featuring the first use of the name. It was created by Dutch cartographers in the 7612: 5596:"Behouden of opgeven ? Het lot van de nederlandse kolonie Nieuw-Nederland na de herovering op de Engelsen in 1673" 5480: 5318: 5221: 4022: 3906: 3600: 2227: 2071: 1716: 1447: 756: 5082: 7918: 7845: 7209: 6321:

The Island at the Center of the World: the epic story of Dutch Manhattan and the forgotten colony that shaped America

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The Island at the Center of the World: The Epic Story of Dutch Manhattan and the Forgotten Colony that Shaped America

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speaking only Dutch, becoming the only president not to have spoken English as a first language. A dialect known as

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was destroyed by the local Indigenous population soon after its founding in 1631 during the absence of their agent,

8028: 7721: 6570: 5822: 3863: 3753: 3374: 2999: 2553:. As expected, the government in New Amsterdam took no action other than to protest. Small settlements centered on 1687: 1497: 530: 4748: 7988: 7326: 6269: 4215: 3785: 3108: 2215:, condemning the GWC for mismanagement and demanding full rights as citizens of the province of the Netherlands. 924: 17: 8023: 6231:

McKinley, Albert E. "The Transition from Dutch to English Rule in New York: A Study in Political Imitation."

5078: 3031: 3002:, though that influence was more as an example of things to avoid than of things to imitate. In addition, the 2839: 2623:

attempted such a settlement near the site of Zwaanendael, but it was largely destroyed in 1664 by the British.

2032:, who were willing to accept valuable merchandise in exchange for the island that was mostly controlled by the 1512: 6428: 5929: 4268:"Grant of Exclusive Trade to New Netherland by the States-General of the United Netherlands; October 11, 1614" 7445: 2923: 2915: 2879: 2728: 2631: 2319: 2190: 1634: 1618: 1271: 1086:

During the 17th century, Europe was undergoing expansive social, cultural, and economic growth, known as the

6754: 2249:. Some years earlier, land ownership policy was liberalized, and trading was somewhat deregulated, and many 1968:

acquired the island of Manhattan on May 24, 1626, from unnamed native people, who are believed to have been

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in the vocabulary of the day, rather than New Netherland. According to a letter by Pieter Janszoon Schagen,

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Peltries or Plantations. The Economic Policies of the Dutch West India Company in New Netherland 1633–1639

4671:"Peter Schaghen Letter with transcription. New Netherland Institute (1626-11-07). Retrieved on 2015-02-16" 1980:, often said to be worth US$ 24. The figure of 60 guilders comes from a letter by a representative of the 7751: 4944: 4567: 4234: 3803: 3531: 3259: 3184: 3034:

and are descended from Claes van Roosevelt, who emigrated around 1650. The Van Buren family of President

2118:, at the highest navigable point on the North River, which became the main thoroughfare of the province. 1893: 687: 212: 204: 7727: 7093: 6827: 6148: 4038: 2875: 2799:

into slavery. Nicolls eventually forced Carr to return some of the confiscated property. In addition, a

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The colony experienced dramatic growth during the 1650s and became a major center for trade across the

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to take on the responsibility for the New Netherland province, but to no avail. In February 1674, the

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that now bears his name. He found the water too shallow to proceed several days later at the site of

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Cohen, Ronald D. "The Hartford Treaty of 1650: Anglo-Dutch Cooperation in the Seventeenth Century."

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The original New Netherland settlements at Brooklyn, Manhattan, and Jersey City have grown into the

1366:) on 3 June 1621, which gave the company the exclusive right to operate in West Africa (between the 1166:, he began to sail upriver looking for the passage. This effort was foiled by sandy shoals, and the 7857: 7851: 7539: 7439: 6793: 6530: 6475: 4726: 3143:

Knickerbocker's History of New York from The Beginning of the World To the End of The Dutch Dynasty

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was adjusted to 50 miles (80 km) west of the Fresh River, and the Lange Eylandt towns west of

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encroached on its southern flank, while its eastern border was redrawn to accommodate an expanding

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was formed in 1643 as a political and military alliance of the English colonies of Massachusetts,

1633:. These groups had the most frequent contact with the New Netherlanders. The Munsee inhabited the 7968: 7600: 7582: 6493: 5750: 5117: 4096: 3725: 3581: 3516: 3496: 3347: 3100: 3078: 2593: 2173: 2060: 881: 737: 672: 652: 5603: 4014: 4004: 2931:

at the time, as well as by the character of those who immigrated to it. It was during the early

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grew from a trading post to a bustling, independent town in the midst of Rensselaerwyck, as did

1988:, Pieter Janszoon Schagen, to the Estates General in November 1626. In 1846, New York historian 7910: 7813: 7427: 7252: 7098: 6857: 6822: 6011:. Original from Harvard University, Digitized May 10, 2007. Schenectady (N.Y.): Munsell's Sons. 5890: 5366: 5185: 3818: 3773: 3635: 3611: 3526: 3491: 3486: 3271: 3219: 3124: 2972: 2859: 2851: 2824: 2816: 2812: 2715: 2096: 1901: 1818: 1304: 1222: 1218: 1202: 1171: 1095:

had become a home to many intellectuals, international businessmen, and religious refugees. In

1002: 998: 791: 767: 682: 647: 642: 386: 258: 1162:, so he sailed south to the Bay, then turned northward, traveling close along the shore. From 7757: 7691: 7606: 6516: 5450: 5412: 5033: 4895: 4203: 3704: 3561: 3119: 3070: 2863: 2744: 2471: 2426:

generally includes all the Europeans who came to live there, but may also refer to Africans,

2275: 2212: 1981: 1755: 1319: 1018: 983: 974:. Settlement initially stalled because of policy mismanagement by the GWC and conflicts with 860: 717: 190: 109: 60: 6417: 5558: 5343: 4697: 4531: 2772:, since requests for troops to protect the Dutch colonists from their English neighbors and 7827: 7775: 7648: 7570: 7433: 7403: 7353: 7257: 7141: 6867: 6715: 6565: 6125:

DeJong, Gerald Francis. "The Formative Years of the Dutch Reformed Church on Long Island,"

6050: 5409:"Articles about the Transfer of New Netherland on the 27th of August, Old Style, Anno 1664" 3763: 3576: 3319: 2936: 2647: 2431: 2423: 1996:

24 (he arrived at $ 24 = Fl 60/2.5, because the US dollar was erroneously equated with the

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up Hudson's river. The fort was to defend river traffic against interlopers and to conduct

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Historical Committee & Archives of the Mennonite Church: Mennonite Historical Bulletin

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Brothers among Nations: The Pursuit of Intercultural Alliances in Early America, 1580-1660

4869:"De West-Indische Compagnie En Haar Belangen in Nieuw-Nederland Een Overzicht (1621–1664)" 4314: 4267: 2580:

led a military expedition and regained control of the region, naming its main settlement "

8: 7902: 7763: 7630: 7503: 7463: 7363: 7162: 6947: 6923: 6893: 5388: 5097:

Jacobs, J. (2005) New Netherland: a Dutch colony in seventeenth-century America, p. 313.

4923:"The United States of America and the Netherlands: Nieuw Nederland — New Netherland" 4517: 4401: 4010: 3551: 3546: 3541: 2635: 2499: 2414:

were not necessarily Dutch, and New Netherland was never a homogeneous society. Governor

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contributed to its growth. It was given its municipal charter in 1653, by which time the

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The Dutch-Munsee Encounter in America: The Struggle for Sovereignty in the Hudson Valley

1726:

In 1613, temporary camp comprising a number of small huts was built by the crew of the "

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along the Susquehanna River, which the Dutch regarded as their boundary with Virginia.

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De Jong, Gerald Francis. "Dominie Johannes Megapolensis: Minister to New Netherland."

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The American Language: An Inquiry into the Development of English in the United States

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The concept of tolerance was the mainstay of the province's Dutch mother country. The

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made in 1664, the year that it was surrendered to English forces under Richard Nicolls

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was built at the confluence of the Hudson (North River) and Mohawk rivers, and small

7894: 7636: 7521: 7373: 7342: 7077: 6903: 6847: 6605: 6575: 6392: 6371: 6309: 6295: 6199: 6027: 5963: 5314: 5270: 5263: 5217: 5041: 5011: 4979: 4818: 4799: 4779: 4703: 4593: 4488: 4440: 4381: 4286: 4242: 4155: 4128: 4122: 4018: 3953: 3556: 3476: 3435: 3333: 3114: 3038:, who even spoke Dutch as his first language, also originated in New Netherland. The 3003: 2995: 2883: 2675: 2223: 2208: 2070:

In the hope of encouraging immigration, the Dutch West India Company established the

2016: 1897: 1871: 1798: 1411: 1371: 1182:. Hudson believed that he had found the continental water route, so he sailed up the 1130:

rather than return home. He ended up exploring the waters off the northeast coast of

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Several primary sources (both translated and in the original Dutch) can be found in

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Mirror for Gotham: New York as Seen by Contemporaries from Dutch Days to the Present

6189: 6188:(State University of New York Press, 2014), 277 pp. specialized essays by scholars. 6141:

New Netherland in a nutshell: a concise history of the Dutch colony in North America

5692: 2906: 1906: 7666: 7642: 7576: 7551: 7509: 7368: 7262: 7114: 7061: 7019: 6888: 6590: 6427:

at the website of the New Netherland Institute. Also included on the NNI site is a

5773:"New Netherland and the Dutch Origins of American Religious Liberty – Evan Haefeli" 4722: 3680: 3659: 3511: 3461: 3430: 3204: 3180: 3086: 3074: 3062: 3035: 3027: 3016: 2862:

in 1689. Nevertheless, the Dutch Republic needed money after the conclusion of the

2784: 2748: 2711: 2642:, a reprint of 1685, which is not a completely accurate map, since the border with 2577: 2515: 2455: 2411: 2307: 2250: 2238: 2231: 2193: 2131: 2001: 1810: 1763: 1759: 1681: 1567: 1377: 1367: 1348: 1087: 1025: 940: 836: 815: 667: 617: 586: 490: 178: 148: 66: 6431:

broadly related to the seventeenth-century Dutch colony and its legacy in America.

6343:

American Nations: A History of the Eleven Rival Regional Cultures of North America

5502: 4876: 4064:

Scheltema, Gajus and Westerhuijs, Heleen. Exploring Historic Dutch New York, 2013.

2161: 2033: 1738:, which had caught fire while sailing on the Hudson. Soon after, the first of two 7863: 7781: 7739: 7703: 7545: 7527: 7515: 7421: 7378: 7358: 7274: 6749: 6376: 6179: 5772: 5019: 4846: 4825: 4793: 4775: 4752: 3619: 3536: 3471: 3104: 3043: 2991: 2808: 2796: 2765: 2761: 2703: 2671: 2589: 2444: 2177: 2029: 2012: 1957: 1826: 1638: 1315: 775: 692: 627: 414: 144: 6066:

Balmer, Randall H. "The Social Roots of Dutch Pietism in the Middle Colonies,"

5488: 7795: 7491: 6700: 6480: 6466: 6351:

Wright, Langdon G. "Local Government and Central Authority in New Netherland."

6236: 6169:

The Colony of New Netherland: A Dutch Settlement in Seventeenth-Century America

6162: 5925: 5878: 5823:"Oud Vossemeer — The cradle of the U.S.A. Roosevelt presidents and family" 5214:

The Colony of New Netherland: A Dutch Settlement in Seventeenth-Century America

4432: 3941: 3797: 3791: 3768: 3425: 3420: 3385: 3255: 3133: 3023: 2975:. Concepts of religious freedom and free trade (including a stock market) were 2968: 2932: 2928: 2894:

concluded the war. It took until 10 November 1674 for the new English governor

2612: 2554: 2546: 2503: 2463: 2427: 2283: 2186: 2143: 1953: 1859: 1782: 1646: 1529: 1327: 1187: 1159: 1111:, and the Spanish were developing colonies in South America and the Caribbean. 1092: 994: 920: 912: 581: 576: 541: 166: 130: 4857:

Map of Long Island Townshttp://www.bklyn-genealogy-info.com/Town/OldBklyn.html

3712: 2588:). While Stuyvesant was conquering New Sweden, some villages and farms at the 2261:. The population had reached about 15,000, including 500 on Manhattan Island. 1723:

was gradually absorbed by New Holland and later in Pennsylvania and Delaware.

868: 7962: 7745: 7497: 7478: 7029: 7024: 6680: 6657: 6652: 6636: 6600: 6595: 6580: 6241: 5983: 5015: 4246: 3957: 3466: 2956: 2944: 2895: 2847: 2843: 2597: 2519: 2467: 2323: 2311: 2056: 2052: 2044: 1883: 1735: 1701: 1642: 1595: 1583: 1230: 1214: 1131: 1045: 1006: 622: 470: 120: 4462:"The United States of America and the Netherlands: The First Dutch Settlers" 3914: 3165: 3132:

is thought to have developed from a gift-giving celebration of the feast of

2850:

as governor and renamed the city New Orange, reflecting the installation of

2074:

in 1629, which gave it the power to offer vast land grants and the title of

7769: 7624: 7618: 7014: 6817: 6631: 6626: 6610: 6585: 6026:. Yonkers, NY: Fordham University Press; Hudson River Museum. p. 418. 3651: 3627: 3501: 3415: 3200: 3188: 2983: 2948: 2939:

actually developed the land and society that had an enduring impact on the

2838:

New Netherland in August 1673 with a fleet of 21 ships led by Vice Admiral

2828: 2608: 2573: 2566: 2529: 2440: 2422:

born in Germany who spoke English and worked for a Dutch company. The term

2415: 2303: 2287: 2254: 2148: 2100: 1961: 1942: 1929: 1614: 1610: 1606: 1382: 1323: 1308: 1291: 1183: 1163: 1144: 1115: 1096: 960: 956: 807: 783: 657: 571: 496: 359: 6993: 6456: 4795:

Footprints in New York: Tracing the Lives of Four Centuries of New Yorkers

4674: 4592:. Yonkers, NY: Fordham University Press; Hudson River Museum. p. 20. 4189: 4174: 2658: 7709: 7594: 7588: 7302:

Article also discusses colonization in Central and South America and Asia

6971: 6852: 6710: 6685: 5955: 5141:

Root and Branch: African Americans in New York and East Jersey, 1613–1863

3571: 3521: 3440: 3410: 3263: 3137: 3129: 3039: 2987: 2976: 2952: 2855: 2691: 2683: 2651: 2643: 2291: 2258: 2085: 1175: 1108: 952: 727: 677: 596: 566: 475: 6485: 6446: 5826: 5743:"Remarks at the Welcoming Ceremony for Queen Beatrix of the Netherlands" 4549: 1956:

at its southern tip, around which grew the heart of the province called

7833: 7789: 7289: 6759: 6725: 6365: 6285:

Holland on the Hudson. An Economic and Social History of Dutch New York

6256:

The Shame and the Sorrow: Dutch-Amerindian Encounters in New Netherland

6226: 6221:

McKinley, Albert E. "The English and Dutch Towns of New Netherland."

6186:

The Worlds of the Seventeenth-Century Hudson Valley. An American Region

6150:

Dutch and English on the Hudson : a chronicle of colonial New York

5987: 4745: 3794:, an inhabitant of the United States of whole or partial Dutch ancestry 3685: 3506: 3481: 3091: 3011: 2768:

and demanded New Netherland's surrender. They met no resistance to the

2581: 2550: 2266: 2165: 1925:

situated on the North River) with the north arrow pointing to the right

1767: 1720: 1205:

sent two covert expeditions to find a passage to China with the yachts

1139: 979: 944: 841: 662: 637: 485: 6945: 6294:. Museum of the City of New York/Dover Publications, New York (2011). 4354: 3819:

Records of the Dutch West India Company at the New York State Archives

3776:

to translate and publish 17th century Dutch documents about the colony

3010:, though there is no concrete evidence that one influenced the other. 2994:

were extended to large segments of the population. The framers of the

1746:

or trading posts went up, where commerce could be conducted with the

1708:

Like the French in the north, the Dutch focused their interest on the

1358:

The Republic of the Seven United Netherlands granted a charter to the

1213:, captained by Jan Cornelisz Mey and Symon Willemsz Cat respectively. 1154:

Hudson believed that the passage to the Pacific Ocean was between the

1040: 7697: 7284: 6966: 6739: 6705: 6076:

Barnouw, A.J. "The Settlement of New Netherland," in A.C. Flick ed.,

4769:

How much would the $ 24 paid for Manhattan be worth in today's money?

3851: 3690: 3239: 3231: 3223: 3215: 3136:

on December 5 each year by the settlers of New Netherland. The Dutch

2871: 2800: 2795:

Sir Robert Carr expropriated property for his own use and sold Dutch

2601: 2533: 2435: 2279: 2119: 2048: 2037: 1973: 1938: 1922: 1709: 1582:

in 1614, the first of many garrisoned trading stations. In 1628, the

1275: 1005:, surrendered New Netherland to the English following the capture of 846: 140: 7311: 6306:

Innocence Abroad: The Dutch Imagination and the New World, 1570–1670

5627:"350 Years Ago, New Amsterdam Became New York. Don't Expect a Party" 3179:

Dutch continued to be spoken in the region for some time. President

3065:", featuring the blue, white, and orange of some flags in the region 1266: 7533: 7137: 6832: 6441: 4890: 3883:

See John Smith's 1616 map as self-appointed Admiral of New England.

3847: 3695: 3227: 2867: 2756:

falling again under a government from which they had formerly fled.

2483: 2419: 2242: 2181: 1867: 1863: 1751: 1626: 1587: 1226: 1148: 948: 936: 851: 480: 6009:

A History of the Schenectady Patent in the Dutch and English Times

5408: 5143:. Chapel Hill, North Carolina: University of North Carolina Press. 4632:. The New York Genealogical & Biographical Society. p. 6. 3026:

directly descended from the Dutch families of New Netherland. The

2819:; the Dutch did not press their claims on New Netherland, and the 2694:) was originally built due to fear of an invasion by the English. 2502:, and the small community that supported it, settlement along the 1813:) at the mouth of the North River. They disembarked from the ship 1696: 6812: 6734: 6695: 6461: 5690: 4406:

Kingston: A national register of historic places travel itinerary

3859: 3591: 2792: 2475: 2076: 1977: 1874:(most as enslaved labor, some later gaining "half-free" status). 1575: 1135: 747: 173: 5716: 4891:"Conditions as Created by their Lords Burgomasters of Amsterdam" 2443:

in Brazil may have brought speakers of Portuguese, Spanish, and

1704:

and several Dutch settlements compared to present-day boundaries

8034:

Former settlements and colonies of the Dutch West India Company

7680:

Non-British colonial entities in the contemporary United States

7045: 6883: 6862: 6764: 6744: 6662: 6451: 6329:

Beverwijck: a Dutch village on the American frontier, 1652–1664

6246:

Possessing Albany, 1630–1710: The Dutch and English Experiences

6083:

Bruchey, Eleanor. "Stuyvesant, Peter" in John A. Garraty, ed.

6022:

Voorhees, David William (2009). "The Dutch Legacy in America".

5991: 5551:"The Mystery of the Plockhoy Settlement in the Valley of Swans" 5336:"The Mystery of the Plockhoy Settlement in the Valley of Swans" 3160: 2870:

in which the French simultaneously attacked the republic under

2727:) west of Connecticut's mouth on the mainland and just west of 2558: 2542: 2538: 2479: 2315: 2295: 2270: 2196: 2088: 1969: 1667: 1602: 325: 6171:(2nd ed. Cornell U.P. 2009) 320pp; scholarly history to 1674 6122:(1968) 52#1 pp 6–47; the Dutch Reformed minister 1642 to 1670. 6006: 5004:"From Van der Donck to Visscher: A 1648 View of New Amsterdam" 4612: 3054: 2180:, even though they had sought refuge from their more powerful 2028:, Minuit conducted the transaction with Seyseys, chief of the 1657:

or high chief. The Indians referred to the Dutch colonists as

6109:

New York Beginnings. The Commercial Origins of New Netherland

5481:"Articles of Capitulation on the Reduction of New Netherland" 5060:

Eleanor Bruchey, "Stuyvesant, Peter" in John A. Garraty, ed.

4975:

New Netherland: A Dutch Colony In Seventeenth-Century America

4568:"Slavery in New Netherland / De slavernij in Nieuw Nederland" 4283:

New Netherland: A Dutch Colony In Seventeenth-Century America

2735:

border. Connecticut was mostly assimilated into New England.

2562: 2103: 2080:

to some of its invested members. The vast tracts were called

1241:

on maps. During this period, there was some trading with the

8054:

Populated places established by the Dutch West India Company

5996:(2nd revised and enlarged ed.). New York: bartleby.com. 5653:"Henry Hudson's View of New York: When Trees Tipped the Sky" 5294:

Indian Affairs in Colonial New York: The Seventeenth Century

4647:. New Netherland Institute. November 7, 1626. Archived from 4235:"Useless Beauty – What is to be done with Governors Island?" 4216:

Honoring Juan Rodriguez, a Settler of New York – NYTimes.com

2738: 1862:

on the South River. Many of the settlers were not Dutch but

939:. Settlements were established in what became the states of 6216:

Peter Stuyvesant: New Amsterdam and the Origins of New York

4756: 2834:

Within six years, the nations were again at war. The Dutch

1385:

and forfeit the richest sugar-producing area in the world.

7192: 4744:

The International Institute for Social History, Amsterdam

4334: 4332: 3901: 3899: 2670:

A few Dutch settlers to New Netherland made their home at

2572:

In 1651, the Dutch dismantled Fort Nassau and constructed

6336:

Kiliaen van Rensselaer (1586–1643): designing a new world

6206:

The Dutch schools of New Netherland and colonial New York

5883:"Saint Nicholas, Sinterklaas, Santa Claus: New York 1776" 5156:"Precursor of the Constitution Goes on Display in Queens" 4357:. Lowensteyn (November 3, 2006). Retrieved on 2013-07-23. 4218:. Cityroom.blogs.nytimes.com. Retrieved on July 23, 2013. 3788:, the only remaining 17th century structure in Manhattan. 2557:

sprang up as the colony slowly grew, mostly populated by

6429:

comprehensive list of scholarly, nonfiction publications

6274:

Shaw Romney, Susanah. "Peter Stuyvesant: Premodern Man"

4637: 3981:

Wentz, Abel Ross (1955). "New Netherland and New York".

3042:

descendants from Flora Sheldon are descendants from the

1314:

The New Netherland Company also ordered a survey of the

5691:

Alexander Hamilton, James Madison (December 11, 1787).

4699:

Inside the Apple: A Streetwise History of New York City

4329: 3896: 2278:

a month later. Military battles were occurring in the

1311:'s map to win a patent that expired on 1 January 1618. 4945:"The Patroon System / Het systeem van patroonschappen" 4039:"P. Geyl, Geschiedenis van de Nederlandse stam · DBNL" 2959:, Fairfield County, and ultimately the United States. 2269:

to the south, while in the heart of the province, the

7140:

in 1975, Curaçao and Dependencies was renamed to the

6338:. (Albany: State University of New York Press, 2010). 6331:, (Albany: State University of New York Press, 2003). 3199:

counties in New Jersey until the early 20th century.

2302:, which was the Dutch settlement on the west bank of 2189:

ended with a treaty, in a large part brokered by the

1832:

In June 1625, 45 additional colonists disembarked on

7477:

Other British colonial entities in the contemporary

5717:"Was Declaration of Independence inspired by Dutch?" 4083: 4081: 4079: 3281: 2846:, then the largest ever seen in America. They chose 2600:) were attacked in an incident that is known as the 2106:

and the appointing of local officials. In return, a

1307:

was an alliance of trading companies, and they used

6007:Pearson, Jonathan; Junius Wilson MacMurray (1883). 5087:. The Chronicles of America. Yale University Press. 4178:(Leiden, Bonaventure & Abraham Elseviers, 1625) 3175:

was one of the three main rivers in New Netherland.

5793:"The United States of America and the Netherlands" 5291: 5262: 5110:"A Brief Outline of the History of New Netherland" 4627: 4371: 4369: 4367: 4365: 4363: 1992:converted the figure of Fl 60 (or 60 guilders) to 6290:Scheltema, Gajus and Westerhuijs, Heleen (eds.), 6024:Dutch New York:The Roots of Hudson Valley Culture 5397:. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. p. 461. 4916: 4914: 4630:The New York Genealogical and Biographical Record 4590:Dutch New York:The Roots of Hudson Valley Culture 4588:Rink, Oliver (2009). "Seafarers ad Businessmen". 4076: 4003:Purvis, Thomas L. (1999). Balkin, Richard (ed.). 443:Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations 8049:Populated places established in the 17th century 7960: 6472:A Brief Outline of the History of New Netherland 5475: 5473: 5265:American Colonies: The Settling of North America 4762: 4689: 4483:Rink, Oliver A. (2001). Klien, Milton M. (ed.). 4228: 4226: 4224: 4151:The Voyages of Giovanni da Verrazzano, 1524–1528 3782:, Jewish synagogue founded in the colony in 1655 2760:On 27 August 1664, four English frigates led by 2549:to establish a colony there in 1638, calling it 1877: 1225:explored, surveyed, and mapped the area between 7984:1674 disestablishments in the Thirteen Colonies 7661:Colony of British Columbia and Vancouver Island 6143:. Albany, N.Y.: New Netherland Institute; 139pp 5179: 4866: 4360: 4307:"A Virtual Tour of New Netherland: Fort Nassau" 3246:, around which they grew. Among those that use 1700:A map showing the area claimed by the Dutch in 1170:continued north along the coast. After passing 6266:Stuyvesant Bound: An Essay on Loss Across Time 5918: 5877: 5359:"New England Articles of Confederation (1643)" 5216:. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press. 4911: 4860: 3976: 3974: 2678:. As early as 1637, English settlers from the 2626: 2218: 1261: 919:) was a 17th-century colonial province of the 8074:States and territories disestablished in 1674 8064:States and territories disestablished in 1667 7327: 7178: 6501: 5714: 5542: 5470: 5442:(4 & 5). New Netherland Register: 49–64. 5298:. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press. 5153: 4341:Charter of the Dutch West India Company: 1621 4221: 3936: 3934: 3932: 3733: 2506:was limited. The settlement sponsored by the 2493: 1734:), a Dutch ship under the command of Captain 1547: 889: 6054:New York City 1664–1710. Conquest and Change 5313:. Oxford New York: Oxford University Press. 4791: 4782:(July 31, 1992). Retrieved on July 23, 2013. 4695: 4206:. Ccny.cuny.edu. Retrieved on July 23, 2013. 3985:. Philadelphia: Muhlenberg Press. p. 6. 3155:List of New Netherland placename etymologies 3069:The blue, white, and orange on the flags of 931:. The claimed territories extended from the 7979:1670s disestablishments in the Dutch Empire 6452:The New Netherland Museum and the Half Moon 5708: 5173: 5010:. Vol. 5, no. 4. pp. 28–33. 4280: 3971: 3148: 2998:were influenced by the Constitution of the 2241:arrived in New Amsterdam in 1647, the only 966:The colony was originally conceived by the 234:• Establishment of the first settlers 39: 8069:States and territories established in 1673 8059:States and territories established in 1614 7334: 7320: 7185: 7171: 6959: 6508: 6494: 6481:Old New York: Hear Dutch names of New York 6355:(1973) 37#1 pp 6–29; covers 1624 to 1663. 6278:(2014) 42#4 pp 584–589. review of Merwick. 6095:Gotham. A History of New York City to 1898 5962:. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 93. 5555:Mennonite Historical Bulletin (April 2001) 5180:Michael Peabody (November–December 2005). 5032: 4952:The Atlantic World / De Atlantische Wereld 4732:Gotham: A History of New York City to 1898 4645:"Peter Schaghen Letter with transcription" 4575:The Atlantic World / De Atlantische Wereld 4507: 4232: 3998: 3996: 3994: 3992: 3929: 3740: 3726: 3089:"), introduced in the 17th century as the 2898:to take over from governor Anthony Colve. 2541:. After gaining support from the Queen of 2488: 2326:. According to historian Eleanor Bruchey: 1554: 1540: 1388: 1114:In 1609, English sea captain and explorer 896: 882: 89: 27:17th-century Dutch colony in North America 8009:Colonization history of the United States 7144:, which was eventually dissolved in 2010. 6515: 6129:(1968) 8#2 pp 1–16. covers 1636 to 1700. 5924: 5333: 5308: 5207: 5205: 5203: 5001: 4613:van Rensselaer; Mariana Schulyer (1909). 4427: 4425: 4423: 4421: 4419: 4417: 4415: 4375: 3983:A Basic History of Lutheranism in America 2823:was maintained, with the Dutch occupying 2739:Capitulation, restitution, and concession 1013:the colony but relinquished it under the 6093:Burrows, Edward G. and Michael Wallace. 6021: 6015: 5495: 5433: 5289: 5283: 5237:Covart, Elizabeth (September 16, 2016). 4948:(The Library of Congress Global Gateway) 4792:Nevius, James; Nevius, Michelle (2014). 4696:Nevius, Michelle; Nevius, James (2009). 4571:(The Library of Congress Global Gateway) 4487:. Cornell University Press. p. 26. 4460:Welling, George M. (November 24, 2004). 4100:(The Library of Congress Global Gateway) 3164: 3053: 2982:The Dutch Republic was one of the first 2905: 2657: 2630: 2222: 1976:, in exchange for traded goods worth 60 1905: 1825:. He was replaced the following year by 1695: 1285: 1265: 1073: 1039: 7974:1614 establishments in the Dutch Empire 6379:Narratives of New Netherland, 1609–1664 6370:(1909), edited by J.F. Jameson, at the 6367:Narratives of New Netherland, 1609–1664 6268:(U of Pennsylvania Press, 2013) 212 pp 6194:Kessler, Henry K., and Eugene Rachlis. 5982: 5954: 5873: 5871: 5863:Knickerbocker: The Myth Behind New York 5790: 5678:"De Hollandse fundamenten van New York" 5650: 5624: 5485:New Netherland Museum and the Half Moon 5387: 5356: 5076: 4920: 4485:The Empire State: A History of New York 4459: 4120: 3989: 3911:The People of Colonial Albany live here 3095:("States Flag"), the naval flag of the 2682:began to settle along its banks and on 2318:Lenape, had much less contact with the 2172:Tappan and Wecquaesgeek be attacked at 2008:remarked in their history of New York. 1237:for the first time; it was also called 14: 7961: 7194:European colonization of North America 5850:Official Heraldry of the United States 5740: 5394:Narratives of New Netherland 1609–1664 5260: 5236: 5211: 5200: 5138: 4971: 4431: 4412: 4095:(in English and Dutch). Archived from 4002: 3946:"The Un-Pilgrims — The New York Times" 3940: 3866:). Also seen in Latin translations as 3864:referring to the original Dutch region 3769:New Netherland 1614–1667 – Documentary 2354: 1941:at the mouth of the river explored by 1103:, the French had small settlements at 8014:European colonization of the Americas 8004:Colonial settlements in North America 7887:Discourse Concerning Western Planting 7341: 7315: 7166: 6992: 6944: 6790: 6527: 6489: 6353:New York Historical Society Quarterly 6308:, Cambridge: University Press, 2001. 6120:New York Historical Society Quarterly 6102:New-York Historical Society Quarterly 6080:(10 vols., New York 1933), 1:215–258. 5960:The Trail of Tears and Indian Removal 5847: 5548: 5434:Versteer, Dingman, ed. (April 1911). 4241:(LXXXV, No 26 ed.). p. 56. 4147: 3980: 3809:List of English words of Dutch origin 2922:New Netherland grew into the largest 2298:that lived around Wiltwijck, today's 2286:coast. In 1654, the Netherlands lost 7716:Captaincy General of the Philippines 6070:Volume: 53. Issue: 2. 1984. pp 187+ 5868: 5848:Velde, François (December 8, 2003), 5791:Welling, George M. (March 6, 2003). 5593: 5520: 5147: 5002:de Koning, Joep M.J. (August 2000). 4921:Welling, George M. (March 6, 2003). 4587: 4581: 4482: 4233:Paumgarten, Nick (August 31, 2009). 4154:. New Haven: Yale University Press. 3834: 3008:American Declaration of Independence 2962: 2545:, Minuit chose the west bank of the 2478:in 1657. It was located in areas of 1364:Geoctroyeerde Westindische Compagnie 7132:of the Kingdom of the Netherlands; 5915:(New York City), December 23, 1773. 5357:Welling, George M. (May 25, 2006). 4883: 4617:. Vol. 1. New York: Macmillan. 4615:The History of the city of New York 3814:List of place names of Dutch origin 3800:, an architectural revival movement 2858:of Holland in 1672; he became King 2611:was begun in 1663, just before the 2084:, and the title came with powerful 1675: 1024:The inhabitants of New Netherland ( 1001:New Sweden in 1655 but, during the 970:(GWC) in 1621 to capitalize on the 24: 6792:Colonies and trading posts of the 6529:Colonies and trading posts of the 6391:(1655; new ed. 2008) 208 pp. 6359: 6136:(Syracuse UP, 2005) pp 1048–1053.. 6085:Encyclopedia of American Biography 6044: 5184:. Liberty Magazine. Archived from 5154:Glenn Collins (December 5, 2007). 5062:Encyclopedia of American Biography 4755:its value as 60 guilders (1626) = 4716: 3711: 3601:Charter of Freedoms and Exemptions 2470:in New Amsterdam in 1655, and the 2349: 2072:Charter of Freedoms and Exemptions 1717:Charter of Freedoms and Exemptions 1566:The first trading partners of the 1099:, the English had a settlement at 867: 757:Charter of Freedoms and Exemptions 25: 8085: 7919:Fundamental Orders of Connecticut 7400:(1629–1641; 1679–1686; 1689–1776) 6462:Dutch Portuguese Colonial History 6435: 6292:Exploring Historic Dutch New York 6218:(Rosen, 2000) for middle schools. 6196:Peter Stuyvesant and His New York 5797:From Revolution to Reconstruction 5741:Reagan, Ronald (April 19, 1982). 5651:Roberts, Sam (January 24, 2009). 5363:From Revolution to Reconstruction 5241:. Penn State University Libraries 5079:"Patroons and Lords of the Manor" 4927:From Revolution to Reconstruction 4831:, Vol. 11, no. 1 (December 1959). 4702:. Simon and Schuster. p. 9. 4466:From Revolution to Reconstruction 4380:(3rd ed.). Hope Farm Press. 4124:Henry Hudson Dreams and Obsession 4089:"The Dutch in America, 1609–1664" 3952:(New York ed.). p. 39. 3097:States General of the Netherlands 3022:Many prominent U.S. citizens are 2607:A new experimental settlement on 2024:dollars. According to the writer 1919:Manatvs gelegen op de Noot Riuier 1508:Colonization of the United States 8044:History of the Thirteen Colonies 8019:Former colonies in North America 7994:17th century in the Dutch Empire 7943: 7942: 7722:Captaincy General of Puerto Rico 6287:(Cornell University Press, 1986) 6184:Jacobs, Jaap, L. H. Roper, eds. 6146: 6078:History of the State of New York 5625:Roberts, Sam (August 25, 2014). 5526: 5436:"New Amsterdam Becomes New York" 5309:Van Zandt, Cynthia Jean (2008). 4798:. Guilford, Conn.: Lyons Press. 3340: 3326: 3312: 3298: 3284: 3123:and its famous fictional author 3000:Republic of the United Provinces 2791:along the Delaware River, where 2055:included the isle of Manhattan, 1688:Fortifications of New Netherland 1598:through the center of New York. 1523: 1410: 447: 433: 419: 405: 391: 377: 352: 95:New Netherland map published by 74: 59: 6853:Sint Eustatius and Dependencies 6405:A Description of New Netherland 6389:A Description of New Netherland 6348:Penguin Random House, 2011/2022 6214:Krizner, L. J., and Lisa Sita. 6000: 5976: 5948: 5905: 5855: 5841: 5815: 5783: 5765: 5734: 5721:University of Wisconsin–Madison 5715:Barbara Wolff (June 29, 1998). 5684: 5670: 5644: 5618: 5587: 5573: 5427: 5401: 5381: 5350: 5327: 5302: 5253: 5230: 5132: 5116:. February 2003. Archived from 5102: 5091: 5084:Dutch and English on the Hudson 5070: 5054: 5026: 4995: 4965: 4937: 4851: 4834: 4812: 4785: 4738: 4663: 4621: 4606: 4560: 4542: 4532:"1624 In the Unity (Eendracht)" 4524: 4501: 4476: 4453: 4394: 4378:Indian Tribes of Hudson's River 4348: 4299: 4274: 4260: 4209: 4197: 4183: 4168: 4141: 4114: 3913:. February 2003. Archived from 3877: 3786:First Shearith Israel Graveyard 3191:was spoken in and around rural 3109:Great Seal of the United States 2294:are so named for the branch of 2228:St. Mark's Church in-the-Bowery 2207:. This document was written by 1984:and member of the board of the 1050:Golden Age of Dutch exploration 6134:Encyclopedia of New York State 6127:Journal of Long Island History 5861:Bradley, Elizabeth L. (2009). 5747:Public Papers of Ronald Reagan 5600:De wereld van Peter Stuyvesant 5529:"New York under James 1664–88" 5139:Hodges, Russel Graham (1999). 4873:De wereld van Peter Stuyvesant 4514:De wereld van Peter Stuyvesant 4067: 4058: 4053:Encyclopedia of New York State 4045: 4031: 3840: 2840:Cornelis Evertsen the Youngest 2654:were under Dutch jurisdiction. 2532:, who had obtained a deed for 2137: 1934:Director of the New Netherland 1823:Director of the New Netherland 1256: 1174:, Hudson and his crew entered 13: 1: 7561: 5239:"New Sweden: A Brief History" 5077:Goodwin, Maud Wilder (1919). 4285:. Leiden: Brill. p. 35. 3829: 3754:New Netherland fortifications 3242:all refer to the streams, or 2880:Archbishop-Elector of Cologne 2690:or rampart at New Amsterdam ( 1964:and Walloon colonists of the 1911: 1878:North River and the Manhattan 1578:encouraged them to establish 1064: 1053: 7667:Province of British Columbia 6457:The New Netherland Institute 6324:(New York: Doubleday, 2004). 6139:Fabend, Firth Haring. 2012. 6087:(2nd ed. 1996) p. 1065 4311:The New Netherland Institute 4055:(Syracuse UP, 2005) p. 1051. 3889: 3780:Congregation Shearith Israel 3214:names for locations such as 2805:Pieter Corneliszoon Plockhoy 2621:Pieter Corneliszoon Plockhoy 2053:Commonality of New Amsterdam 1143:. His first landfall was at 1078:A map of New Netherland and 1015:Treaty of Westminster (1674) 272:Reconquest of New Netherland 7: 6276:Reviews in American History 6204:Kilpatrick, William Heard. 6159:The Story of New Netherland 5865:. Rutgers University Press. 5581:"'Zeeuw' conquers New York" 5290:Trelease, Allan W. (1960). 5182:"The Flushing Remonstrance" 4628:Paul Gibson Burton (1937). 3854:translation of the name as 3804:Holland Society of New York 3277: 2866:in 1672–1674, the historic 2627:Fresh River and New England 2245:of the colony to be called 2219:Director-General Stuyvesant 1894:History of Albany, New York 1262:Chartered trading companies 1028:) were European colonists, 10: 8090: 7846:Brandenburger Saint Thomas 7655:Colony of British Columbia 6996:Kingdom of the Netherlands 6233:American Historical Review 6223:American Historical Review 5602:(in Dutch). Archived from 5081:. In Allen Johnson (ed.). 4824:November 28, 2018, at the 4751:September 2, 2017, at the 4516:(in Dutch). Archived from 4439:. New York: Random House. 3907:"The New Netherland Dutch" 3759:New Netherland settlements 3158: 3152: 3103:depicting the arms of the 2912:New York metropolitan area 2886:had tried to convince the 2789:conquest of New Netherland 2640:Novi Belgii Novæque Angliæ 2494:South River and New Sweden 2335: 2185:province, until 1645 when 2153:Director of New Netherland 2141: 2095:, such as the creation of 1945:, at that time called the 1887: 1881: 1692:New Netherland settlements 1685: 1679: 7938: 7882: 7873: 7816:, 1682–1763 and 1801–1803 7734:Captaincy General of Cuba 7687: 7676: 7558:New England Confederation 7487: 7473: 7387: 7349: 7298: 7200: 7123: 7107: 7086: 7070: 7054: 7038: 7007: 7003: 6988: 6955: 6940: 6912: 6876: 6805: 6801: 6786: 6724: 6671: 6645: 6619: 6558: 6542: 6538: 6523: 6467:New Netherland and Beyond 5444:date = April and May 1911 4774:February 9, 2019, at the 2901: 2827:and the nutmeg island of 2700:New England Confederation 2404: 2367:— 1082:, with north to the right 1061:Netherlandish cartography 1035: 988:New England Confederation 955:, with small outposts in 463: 331: 317: 303: 298: 294: 281: 268: 255: 242: 232: 228: 223: 219: 200: 196: 186: 172: 162: 136: 126: 116: 104: 88: 55: 48: 34: 7728:Santa Fe de Nuevo México 7540:Massachusetts Bay Colony 7094:Curaçao and Dependencies 6828:Curaçao and Dependencies 6806:Colonies in the Americas 6794:Dutch West India Company 6531:Dutch East India Company 6476:University of Notre Dame 6387:Van Der Donck, Adriaen. 6235:(1901) 6#4 pp: 693–724. 6153:. Yale University Press. 6104:53#4 (1969): pp 310–332. 5694:Federalist Papers no. 20 5334:Plantenga, Bart (2001). 4376:Ruttenber, E.M. (2001). 4204:Juan Rodriguez monograph 4148:Wroth, Lawrence (1970). 4006:Colonial America to 1763 3672:People of New Netherland 3149:Language and place names 2876:Prince-Bishop of Münster 2811:was destroyed. The 1667 2770:capture of New Amsterdam 2680:Massachusetts Bay Colony 2617:Franciscus van den Enden 2524:David Pietersen de Vries 2460:Dutch West India Company 1986:Dutch West India Company 1858:on the Fresh River, and 1754:population, possibly at 1360:Dutch West India Company 1303:years of the award. The 1280:Dutch West India Company 1120:Dutch East India Company 972:North American fur trade 968:Dutch West India Company 929:United States of America 828:People of New Netherland 401:Province of Pennsylvania 246:Capture of New Amsterdam 8029:Former English colonies 7858:Scottish Darien Company 7802:Hospitaller Saint Croix 7601:Dominion of New England 7583:North-Western Territory 6877:Trading posts in Africa 6611:Northeast coast of Java 6132:Eisenstadt, Peter, ed. 5064:(2nd ed. 1996) p. 1065 4577:(in English and Dutch). 4510:"Walen in de Wildernis" 4121:Sandler, Corey (2007). 3348:New York (state) portal 3099:. The flag and seal of 3049: 2933:British colonial period 2489:Expansion and incursion 1836:from three ships named 1817:, under the command of 1389:Pre-colonial population 127:Official languages 7989:1674 disestablishments 7911:Of Plymouth Plantation 7633:(1779–1783; 1814–1815) 7542:(1629–1686; 1689–1691) 7518:(1620–1686; 1689–1691) 7430:(1664–1673; 1702–1776) 6442:The Mannahatta Project 6147:Goodwin, Maud (1921). 5458:Cite journal requires 5114:New Netherland History 4845:June 20, 2012, at the 4051:Peter Eisenstadt, ed. 3774:New Netherland Project 3716: 3636:Sebastiaen Jansen Krol 3612:Cornelius Jacobsen May 3176: 3125:Diedrich Knickerbocker 3066: 2919: 2860:William III of England 2817:Second Anglo-Dutch War 2779:Article VIII of these 2766:New Amsterdam's harbor 2758: 2667: 2655: 2498:Apart from the second 2253:considered themselves 2235: 2211:New Netherland lawyer 1937:instead the island of 1926: 1902:Bergen, New Netherland 1705: 1503:Colonization of Canada 1305:New Netherland Company 1295: 1283: 1278:, headquarters of the 1223:Cornelius Jacobsen Mey 1219:Hendrick Christiaensen 1203:Admiralty of Amsterdam 1083: 1071: 1003:Second Anglo-Dutch War 916: 872: 792:Sebastiaen Jansen Krol 768:Cornelius Jacobsen May 387:Province of New Jersey 40: 8024:Former Dutch colonies 7692:Columbian Viceroyalty 7130:constituent countries 6663:West coast of Sumatra 6517:Dutch colonial empire 6178:May 25, 2017, at the 6051:Archdeacon, Thomas J. 5928:(November 23, 2018). 5881:(November 20, 2008). 5753:on September 24, 2008 5503:"Sir Robert Carr, Kt" 5413:World Digital Library 5346:on December 21, 2010. 5261:Taylor, Alan (2001). 5212:Jacobs, Jaap (2009). 4972:Jacobs, Jaap (2005). 4933:on February 26, 2010. 4896:World Digital Library 4867:Johan van Hartskamp. 4550:"Slavery in New York" 4536:Rootsweb Ancestry.com 3944:(November 27, 2003). 3846:Inscribed around the 3715: 3705:Flushing Remonstrance 3168: 3153:Further information: 3120:A History of New York 3057: 2909: 2892:Treaty of Westminster 2864:Third Anglo-Dutch War 2753: 2745:Charles II of England 2661: 2634: 2472:Flushing Remonstrance 2341:Historical population 2276:First Anglo-Dutch War 2226: 2213:Adriaen van der Donck 2166:Council of Twelve Men 1982:Dutch Estates General 1909: 1699: 1637:, Hudson Valley, and 1402:European colonization 1289: 1269: 1077: 1043: 1019:Third Anglo-Dutch War 984:Swedish South Company 871: 861:Flushing Remonstrance 285:Treaty of Westminster 191:Self-governing colony 110:Dutch colonial empire 7828:Dutch Virgin Islands 7776:Spanish West Florida 7770:Spanish East Florida 7649:Stickeen Territories 7354:New England Colonies 7258:Fridtjof Nansen Land 7142:Netherlands Antilles 6157:Griffis, William E. 5680:. November 19, 2004. 5561:on December 21, 2010 5389:Jameson, J. Franklin 4879:on December 2, 2005. 4472:on February 6, 2012. 4402:"Dutch Colonization" 4317:on September 5, 2012 4281:Jaap Jacobs (2005). 4127:. Kensington Books. 3764:New Holland (Acadia) 3320:New York City portal 3185:Kinderhook, New York 2918:in the United States 2648:Oyster Bay, New York 2432:Algonquian languages 2424:New Netherland Dutch 2110:was required by the 1990:John Romeyn Brodhead 1819:Cornelis Jacobsz May 1609:and along the lower 1588:Iroquois Confederacy 1374:) and the Americas. 978:. The settlement of 373:Province of New York 97:Nicolaes Visscher II 7764:Provincias Internas 7740:Spanish Saint Croix 7364:Chesapeake Colonies 7253:Erik the Red's Land 6948:Noordsche Compagnie 6946:Settlements of the 6924:Society of Suriname 6770:Vietnam (1637–1643) 6543:Governorate General 6447:Slavery in New York 6425:Online Publications 6304:Schmidt, Benjamin, 6225:(1900) 6#1 pp 1–18 5913:Rivington's Gazette 5829:on October 19, 2007 5594:Westdorp, Martina. 5188:on December 4, 2007 5022:on August 16, 2000. 4677:on February 6, 2020 3401:Fort Nassau (South) 3391:Fort Nassau (North) 2874:, the English, the 2636:Nicolaes Visscher I 2342: 1890:History of Brooklyn 1775:42 degrees latitude 1639:northern New Jersey 1396:Part of a series on 1320:Cornelis Hendricksz 1196:Emanuel van Meteren 1101:Jamestown, Virginia 927:of what is now the 557:Fort Nassau (South) 547:Fort Nassau (North) 7927:Quintipartite Deed 7840:Danish West Indies 7808:French Saint Croix 6918:Society of Berbice 6412:Still, Bayrd, ed. 6403:online edition of 6173:online 1st edition 6107:Condon, Thomas J. 5631:The New York Times 5160:The New York Times 5040:. Berghahn Books. 4554:www.slavenorth.com 4093:The Atlantic World 3950:The New York Times 3824:Zwaanendael Colony 3717: 3644:Wouter van Twiller 3592:The Patroon System 3306:Connecticut portal 3292:Netherlands portal 3203:was spoken around 3177: 3067: 3017:New York Tri-State 2920: 2803:settlement led by 2721:Treaty of Hartford 2714:. Connecticut and 2668: 2656: 2615:takeover in 1664. 2340: 2236: 2026:Nathaniel Benchley 1998:Dutch rijksdaalder 1966:West India Company 1927: 1706: 1645:lived west of the 1605:population around 1530:History portal 1296: 1284: 1201:In 1611–1612, the 1180:Upper New York Bay 1156:St. Lawrence River 1147:and the second at 1084: 1072: 933:Delmarva Peninsula 873: 800:Wouter van Twiller 748:The Patroon System 429:Connecticut Colony 322:Dutch rijksdaalder 137:Minority languages 7956: 7955: 7931: 7923: 7915: 7907: 7899: 7895:Mayflower Compact 7891: 7876:Related Documents 7758:Spanish Louisiana 7637:Columbia District 7560:(1643–1654; 1675– 7446:Massachusetts Bay 7374:Southern Colonies 7343:Thirteen Colonies 7309: 7308: 7160: 7159: 7156: 7155: 7152: 7151: 7138:full independence 7078:Dutch East Indies 6984: 6983: 6980: 6979: 6936: 6935: 6932: 6931: 6782: 6781: 6778: 6777: 6397:978-0-8032-1088-2 6381:from Google Books 6372:Project Gutenberg 6341:Woodard, Colin, 6318:Shorto, Russell. 6314:978-0-521-80408-0 6300:978-0-486-48637-6 6258:(2006) 332 pages 6033:978-0-8232-3039-6 5969:978-0-313-33658-4 5549:Plantenga, Bart. 5527:Beck, Sanderson. 5415:. August 27, 1664 5369:on August 1, 2009 4978:. Leiden: Brill. 4829:American Heritage 4805:978-0-7627-9636-6 4780:The Straight Dope 4709:978-1-4165-8997-6 4651:on March 24, 2016 4599:978-0-8232-3039-6 4494:978-0-8014-3866-0 3835:Explanatory notes 3750: 3749: 3436:Fort Nya Korsholm 3334:New Jersey portal 3115:Washington Irving 3081:are those of the 3004:Act of Abjuration 2996:U.S. Constitution 2963:Political culture 2937:New Netherlanders 2924:metropolitan area 2916:metropolitan area 2888:States of Holland 2884:States of Zeeland 2852:William of Orange 2785:New Netherlanders 2412:New Netherlanders 2409: 2408: 2405:Source: 1630–1660 2251:New Netherlanders 2043:The port city of 2017:The Straight Dope 1898:Rondout, New York 1770:, and elsewhere. 1663:salt water people 1568:New Netherlanders 1564: 1563: 1372:Cape of Good Hope 1282:from 1623 to 1647 1128:Northwest Passage 1124:Northeast Passage 1118:was hired by the 1026:New Netherlanders 906: 905: 592:Fort Nya Korsholm 508: 507: 459: 458: 455: 454: 365: 364: 290:February 19, 1674 16:(Redirected from 8081: 7999:Christian states 7946: 7945: 7929: 7921: 7913: 7905: 7903:Mourt's Relation 7897: 7889: 7814:French Louisiana 7643:Red River Colony 7566: 7563: 7510:Berkeley Hundred 7369:Tobacco Colonies 7336: 7329: 7322: 7313: 7312: 7263:Sverdrup Islands 7187: 7180: 7173: 7164: 7163: 7145: 7005: 7004: 6994:Colonies of the 6990: 6989: 6957: 6956: 6942: 6941: 6922:Governed by the 6916:Governed by the 6803: 6802: 6788: 6787: 6540: 6539: 6525: 6524: 6510: 6503: 6496: 6487: 6486: 6283:Rink, Oliver A. 6264:Merwick, Donna. 6254:Merwick, Donna. 6154: 6097:(1999) pp 14–74. 6038: 6037: 6019: 6013: 6012: 6004: 5998: 5997: 5980: 5974: 5973: 5952: 5946: 5945: 5943: 5941: 5922: 5916: 5909: 5903: 5902: 5900: 5898: 5889:. Archived from 5875: 5866: 5859: 5853: 5852: 5845: 5839: 5838: 5836: 5834: 5825:. Archived from 5819: 5813: 5812: 5810: 5808: 5799:. Archived from 5787: 5781: 5780: 5769: 5763: 5762: 5760: 5758: 5749:. Archived from 5738: 5732: 5731: 5729: 5727: 5712: 5706: 5705: 5703: 5701: 5688: 5682: 5681: 5674: 5668: 5667: 5665: 5663: 5648: 5642: 5641: 5639: 5637: 5622: 5616: 5615: 5613: 5611: 5591: 5585: 5584: 5577: 5571: 5570: 5568: 5566: 5557:. Archived from 5546: 5540: 5539: 5537: 5535: 5524: 5518: 5517: 5515: 5513: 5499: 5493: 5492: 5491:on 19 June 2013. 5487:. Archived from 5477: 5468: 5467: 5461: 5456: 5454: 5446: 5431: 5425: 5424: 5422: 5420: 5405: 5399: 5398: 5385: 5379: 5378: 5376: 5374: 5365:. Archived from 5354: 5348: 5347: 5342:. Archived from 5331: 5325: 5324: 5306: 5300: 5299: 5297: 5287: 5281: 5280: 5268: 5257: 5251: 5250: 5248: 5246: 5234: 5228: 5227: 5209: 5198: 5197: 5195: 5193: 5177: 5171: 5170: 5168: 5166: 5151: 5145: 5144: 5136: 5130: 5129: 5127: 5125: 5120:on July 13, 2009 5106: 5100: 5095: 5089: 5088: 5074: 5068: 5058: 5052: 5051: 5030: 5024: 5023: 5018:. Archived from 5008:Mercator's World 4999: 4993: 4992: 4969: 4963: 4962: 4960: 4958: 4949: 4941: 4935: 4934: 4929:. Archived from 4918: 4909: 4908: 4906: 4904: 4887: 4881: 4880: 4875:. Archived from 4864: 4858: 4855: 4849: 4838: 4832: 4816: 4810: 4809: 4789: 4783: 4766: 4760: 4742: 4736: 4723:Edwin G. Burrows 4720: 4714: 4713: 4693: 4687: 4686: 4684: 4682: 4673:. Archived from 4667: 4661: 4660: 4658: 4656: 4641: 4635: 4633: 4625: 4619: 4618: 4610: 4604: 4603: 4585: 4579: 4578: 4572: 4564: 4558: 4557: 4546: 4540: 4539: 4528: 4522: 4521: 4520:on May 17, 2008. 4508:Bert van Steeg. 4505: 4499: 4498: 4480: 4474: 4473: 4468:. Archived from 4457: 4451: 4450: 4429: 4410: 4409: 4398: 4392: 4391: 4373: 4358: 4352: 4346: 4345: 4336: 4327: 4326: 4324: 4322: 4313:. Archived from 4303: 4297: 4296: 4278: 4272: 4271: 4264: 4258: 4257: 4255: 4253: 4230: 4219: 4213: 4207: 4201: 4195: 4187: 4181: 4172: 4166: 4165: 4145: 4139: 4138: 4134:978-08065-2739-0 4118: 4112: 4111: 4109: 4107: 4101: 4085: 4074: 4071: 4065: 4062: 4056: 4049: 4043: 4042: 4035: 4029: 4028: 4000: 3987: 3986: 3978: 3969: 3968: 3966: 3964: 3938: 3927: 3926: 3924: 3922: 3917:on March 3, 2016 3903: 3884: 3881: 3875: 3844: 3742: 3735: 3728: 3681:New Netherlander 3660:Peter Stuyvesant 3552:Nieuw Amersfoort 3472:Rensselaerswijck 3431:Fort Beversreede 3362: 3354: 3353: 3350: 3345: 3344: 3343: 3336: 3331: 3330: 3329: 3322: 3317: 3316: 3315: 3308: 3303: 3302: 3301: 3294: 3289: 3288: 3287: 3181:Martin Van Buren 3036:Martin Van Buren 3028:Roosevelt family 2986:of Europe where 2941:Capital District 2868:"disaster years" 2797:prisoners of war 2774:Native Americans 2749:Peter Stuyvesant 2516:Samuel Blommaert 2456:Union of Utrecht 2356: 2351: 2343: 2339: 2247:Director-General 2239:Peter Stuyvesant 2232:Peter Stuyvesant 2036:, a band of the 2021:newspaper column 2002:Edwin G. Burrows 1970:Canarsee Indians 1916: 1913: 1811:Governors Island 1682:Governors Island 1676:Early settlement 1586:(members of the 1556: 1549: 1542: 1528: 1527: 1526: 1414: 1393: 1392: 1378:Willem Usselincx 1368:Tropic of Cancer 1272:West India House 1122:(VOC) to find a 1088:Dutch Golden Age 1069: 1066: 1058: 1055: 1030:Native Americans 976:Native Americans 898: 891: 884: 837:New Netherlander 816:Peter Stuyvesant 708:Nieuw Amersfoort 628:Rensselaerswijck 587:Fort Beversreede 518: 510: 509: 499: 451: 450: 437: 436: 423: 422: 409: 408: 395: 394: 381: 380: 369: 368: 356: 355: 349: 348: 333: 332: 311:4,301 (in 1650) 179:New Netherlander 93: 78: 63: 43: 32: 31: 21: 8089: 8088: 8084: 8083: 8082: 8080: 8079: 8078: 7959: 7958: 7957: 7952: 7934: 7878: 7869: 7864:Russian America 7782:Alta California 7752:Las Californias 7704:Spanish Florida 7683: 7672: 7564: 7483: 7469: 7383: 7379:United Colonies 7359:Middle Colonies 7345: 7340: 7310: 7305: 7294: 7196: 7191: 7161: 7148: 7127: 7119: 7103: 7082: 7066: 7050: 7034: 6999: 6976: 6951: 6928: 6908: 6872: 6797: 6774: 6720: 6667: 6641: 6615: 6554: 6534: 6519: 6514: 6438: 6377:online edition 6362: 6360:Primary sources 6334:Venema, Janny, 6327:Venema, Janny, 6180:Wayback Machine 6047: 6045:Further reading 6042: 6041: 6034: 6020: 6016: 6005: 6001: 5981: 5977: 5970: 5956:Sturgis, Amy H. 5953: 5949: 5939: 5937: 5926:Lendering, Jona 5923: 5919: 5910: 5906: 5896: 5894: 5893:on May 13, 2011 5876: 5869: 5860: 5856: 5846: 5842: 5832: 5830: 5821: 5820: 5816: 5806: 5804: 5803:on May 18, 2011 5788: 5784: 5771: 5770: 5766: 5756: 5754: 5739: 5735: 5725: 5723: 5713: 5709: 5699: 5697: 5689: 5685: 5676: 5675: 5671: 5661: 5659: 5649: 5645: 5635: 5633: 5623: 5619: 5609: 5607: 5606:on 30 June 2008 5592: 5588: 5579: 5578: 5574: 5564: 5562: 5547: 5543: 5533: 5531: 5525: 5521: 5511: 5509: 5501: 5500: 5496: 5479: 5478: 5471: 5459: 5457: 5448: 5447: 5432: 5428: 5418: 5416: 5407: 5406: 5402: 5386: 5382: 5372: 5370: 5355: 5351: 5332: 5328: 5321: 5307: 5303: 5288: 5284: 5277: 5258: 5254: 5244: 5242: 5235: 5231: 5224: 5210: 5201: 5191: 5189: 5178: 5174: 5164: 5162: 5152: 5148: 5137: 5133: 5123: 5121: 5108: 5107: 5103: 5096: 5092: 5075: 5071: 5059: 5055: 5048: 5031: 5027: 5000: 4996: 4986: 4970: 4966: 4956: 4954: 4947: 4943: 4942: 4938: 4919: 4912: 4902: 4900: 4889: 4888: 4884: 4865: 4861: 4856: 4852: 4847:Wayback Machine 4839: 4835: 4826:Wayback Machine 4817: 4813: 4806: 4790: 4786: 4776:Wayback Machine 4767: 4763: 4753:Wayback Machine 4743: 4739: 4735:, (1999: xivff) 4721: 4717: 4710: 4694: 4690: 4680: 4678: 4669: 4668: 4664: 4654: 4652: 4643: 4642: 4638: 4626: 4622: 4611: 4607: 4600: 4586: 4582: 4570: 4566: 4565: 4561: 4548: 4547: 4543: 4530: 4529: 4525: 4506: 4502: 4495: 4481: 4477: 4458: 4454: 4447: 4433:Shorto, Russell 4430: 4413: 4400: 4399: 4395: 4388: 4374: 4361: 4353: 4349: 4338: 4337: 4330: 4320: 4318: 4305: 4304: 4300: 4293: 4279: 4275: 4266: 4265: 4261: 4251: 4249: 4231: 4222: 4214: 4210: 4202: 4198: 4188: 4184: 4173: 4169: 4162: 4146: 4142: 4135: 4119: 4115: 4105: 4103: 4102:on May 28, 2019 4099: 4087: 4086: 4077: 4072: 4068: 4063: 4059: 4050: 4046: 4037: 4036: 4032: 4025: 4001: 3990: 3979: 3972: 3962: 3960: 3942:Shorto, Russell 3939: 3930: 3920: 3918: 3905: 3904: 3897: 3892: 3887: 3882: 3878: 3845: 3841: 3837: 3832: 3746: 3620:Willem Verhulst 3586: 3467:Nieuw Amsterdam 3445: 3406:Fort Goede Hoop 3357: 3346: 3341: 3339: 3332: 3327: 3325: 3318: 3313: 3311: 3304: 3299: 3297: 3290: 3285: 3283: 3280: 3163: 3157: 3151: 3105:House of Nassau 3052: 3044:Schuyler family 2992:civil liberties 2965: 2904: 2813:Treaty of Breda 2809:Lewes, Delaware 2783:confirmed that 2762:Richard Nicolls 2743:In March 1664, 2741: 2672:Fort Goede Hoop 2664:Nieuw Amsterdam 2650:on present-day 2629: 2496: 2491: 2482:all the way to 2434:; Walloons and 2428:Indo-Caribbeans 2338: 2221: 2209:Leiden-educated 2146: 2140: 2126:, south of the 2116:Rensselaerswyck 2057:Staaten Eylandt 2013:price of silver 1914: 1904: 1886: 1880: 1827:Willem Verhulst 1815:Nieu Nederlandt 1694: 1684: 1678: 1560: 1524: 1522: 1517: 1404:of the Americas 1403: 1391: 1347:in the area of 1334:IJseren Vercken 1316:Delaware Valley 1264: 1259: 1243:Native American 1067: 1056: 1044:A map based on 1038: 1017:that ended the 1009:. In 1673, the 923:located on the 917:Nieuw Nederland 902: 776:Willem Verhulst 742: 623:Nieuw Amsterdam 601: 562:Fort Goede Hoop 513: 504: 495: 448: 434: 420: 415:Delaware Colony 406: 392: 378: 353: 313:9,000 (in 1674) 312: 310: 306: 305:• Estimate 287: 274: 261: 259:Treaty of Breda 251:August 27, 1664 248: 235: 208: 181: 100: 84: 83: 82: 79: 71: 70: 64: 50: 44: 41:Nieuw Nederland 37: 28: 23: 22: 18:New Netherlands 15: 12: 11: 5: 8087: 8077: 8076: 8071: 8066: 8061: 8056: 8051: 8046: 8041: 8036: 8031: 8026: 8021: 8016: 8011: 8006: 8001: 7996: 7991: 7986: 7981: 7976: 7971: 7969:New Netherland 7954: 7953: 7951: 7950: 7939: 7936: 7935: 7933: 7932: 7924: 7916: 7908: 7900: 7892: 7883: 7880: 7879: 7874: 7871: 7870: 7868: 7867: 7861: 7855: 7849: 7843: 7837: 7831: 7825: 7822:New Netherland 7819: 7818: 7817: 7811: 7805: 7799: 7796:French Florida 7787: 7786: 7785: 7779: 7773: 7767: 7761: 7755: 7749: 7743: 7737: 7731: 7725: 7719: 7713: 7707: 7695: 7688: 7685: 7684: 7682: 7681: 7677: 7674: 7673: 7671: 7670: 7664: 7658: 7652: 7646: 7640: 7634: 7628: 7622: 7616: 7610: 7607:Indian Reserve 7604: 7598: 7592: 7586: 7580: 7574: 7568: 7555: 7549: 7543: 7537: 7531: 7525: 7519: 7513: 7507: 7501: 7495: 7488: 7485: 7484: 7482: 7481: 7474: 7471: 7470: 7468: 7467: 7461: 7458:South Carolina 7455: 7452:North Carolina 7449: 7443: 7437: 7431: 7425: 7419: 7413: 7407: 7401: 7395: 7388: 7385: 7384: 7382: 7381: 7376: 7371: 7366: 7361: 7356: 7350: 7347: 7346: 7339: 7338: 7331: 7324: 7316: 7307: 7306: 7304: 7303: 7299: 7296: 7295: 7293: 7292: 7287: 7282: 7277: 7272: 7267: 7266: 7265: 7260: 7255: 7247: 7242: 7237: 7232: 7227: 7222: 7217: 7212: 7207: 7201: 7198: 7197: 7190: 7189: 7182: 7175: 7167: 7158: 7157: 7154: 7153: 7150: 7149: 7147: 7146: 7124: 7121: 7120: 7118: 7117: 7111: 7109: 7105: 7104: 7102: 7101: 7096: 7090: 7088: 7084: 7083: 7081: 7080: 7074: 7072: 7068: 7067: 7065: 7064: 7058: 7056: 7052: 7051: 7049: 7048: 7042: 7040: 7036: 7035: 7033: 7032: 7027: 7022: 7017: 7011: 7009: 7001: 7000: 6986: 6985: 6982: 6981: 6978: 6977: 6975: 6974: 6969: 6963: 6961: 6953: 6952: 6938: 6937: 6934: 6933: 6930: 6929: 6927: 6926: 6920: 6913: 6910: 6909: 6907: 6906: 6901: 6896: 6891: 6886: 6880: 6878: 6874: 6873: 6871: 6870: 6868:Virgin Islands 6865: 6860: 6855: 6850: 6845: 6843:New Netherland 6840: 6835: 6830: 6825: 6820: 6815: 6809: 6807: 6799: 6798: 6784: 6783: 6780: 6779: 6776: 6775: 6773: 6772: 6767: 6762: 6757: 6752: 6747: 6742: 6737: 6731: 6729: 6722: 6721: 6719: 6718: 6713: 6708: 6703: 6698: 6693: 6688: 6683: 6677: 6675: 6669: 6668: 6666: 6665: 6660: 6655: 6649: 6647: 6643: 6642: 6640: 6639: 6634: 6629: 6623: 6621: 6617: 6616: 6614: 6613: 6608: 6603: 6598: 6593: 6588: 6583: 6578: 6573: 6568: 6562: 6560: 6556: 6555: 6553: 6552: 6546: 6544: 6536: 6535: 6521: 6520: 6513: 6512: 6505: 6498: 6490: 6484: 6483: 6478: 6469: 6464: 6459: 6454: 6449: 6444: 6437: 6436:External links 6434: 6433: 6432: 6421: 6410: 6409: 6408: 6385: 6384: 6383: 6361: 6358: 6357: 6356: 6349: 6339: 6332: 6325: 6316: 6302: 6288: 6281: 6280: 6279: 6262: 6252: 6242:Merwick, Donna 6239: 6229: 6219: 6212: 6202: 6192: 6182: 6167:Jacobs, Jaap. 6165: 6155: 6144: 6137: 6130: 6123: 6116: 6105: 6098: 6091: 6081: 6074: 6072:online edition 6068:Church History 6064: 6059:Bachman, V.C. 6057: 6046: 6043: 6040: 6039: 6032: 6014: 5999: 5975: 5968: 5947: 5934:www.livius.org 5917: 5904: 5879:Jona Lendering 5867: 5854: 5840: 5814: 5782: 5764: 5733: 5707: 5683: 5669: 5657:New York Times 5643: 5617: 5586: 5572: 5541: 5519: 5494: 5469: 5460:|journal= 5426: 5400: 5391:, ed. (1909). 5380: 5349: 5326: 5320:978-0195181241 5319: 5301: 5282: 5275: 5252: 5229: 5223:978-0801475160 5222: 5199: 5172: 5146: 5131: 5101: 5090: 5069: 5053: 5046: 5025: 4994: 4984: 4964: 4936: 4910: 4882: 4859: 4850: 4833: 4811: 4804: 4784: 4761: 4737: 4715: 4708: 4688: 4662: 4636: 4620: 4605: 4598: 4580: 4559: 4541: 4523: 4500: 4493: 4475: 4452: 4445: 4411: 4393: 4386: 4359: 4347: 4328: 4298: 4291: 4273: 4259: 4239:The New Yorker 4220: 4208: 4196: 4182: 4167: 4160: 4140: 4133: 4113: 4075: 4066: 4057: 4044: 4030: 4024:978-0816025275 4023: 3988: 3970: 3928: 3894: 3893: 3891: 3888: 3886: 3885: 3876: 3850:beaver with a 3838: 3836: 3833: 3831: 3828: 3827: 3826: 3821: 3816: 3811: 3806: 3801: 3798:Dutch Colonial 3795: 3792:Dutch American 3789: 3783: 3777: 3771: 3766: 3761: 3756: 3748: 3747: 3745: 3744: 3737: 3730: 3722: 3719: 3718: 3708: 3707: 3701: 3700: 3699: 3698: 3693: 3688: 3683: 3675: 3674: 3668: 3667: 3666: 3665: 3657: 3649: 3641: 3633: 3625: 3617: 3606: 3605: 3604: 3603: 3595: 3594: 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article: 2139: 2136: 2034:Weckquaesgeeks 1958:The Manhattoes 1954:Fort Amsterdam 1882:Main article: 1879: 1876: 1860:Fort Wilhelmus 1795:Versche Rivier 1680:Main article: 1677: 1674: 1647:Delaware River 1643:Susquehannocks 1601:The Algonquin 1562: 1561: 1559: 1558: 1551: 1544: 1536: 1533: 1532: 1519: 1518: 1516: 1515: 1513:Decolonization 1510: 1505: 1500: 1495: 1490: 1485: 1480: 1475: 1470: 1465: 1460: 1455: 1450: 1445: 1440: 1435: 1430: 1425: 1419: 1416: 1415: 1407: 1406: 1398: 1397: 1390: 1387: 1300:States General 1263: 1260: 1258: 1255: 1250:Juan Rodriguez 1235:New Netherland 1188:Troy, New York 1160:Chesapeake Bay 1093:Dutch Republic 1037: 1034: 995:North Atlantic 921:Dutch Republic 909:New Netherland 904: 903: 901: 900: 893: 886: 878: 875: 874: 864: 863: 857: 856: 855: 854: 849: 844: 839: 831: 830: 824: 823: 822: 821: 813: 805: 797: 789: 781: 773: 762: 761: 760: 759: 751: 750: 744: 743: 741: 740: 735: 730: 725: 720: 715: 710: 705: 700: 695: 690: 685: 680: 675: 670: 665: 660: 655: 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5979: 5971: 5965: 5961: 5957: 5951: 5935: 5931: 5930:"Santa Claus" 5927: 5921: 5914: 5908: 5892: 5888: 5884: 5880: 5874: 5872: 5864: 5858: 5851: 5844: 5828: 5824: 5818: 5802: 5798: 5794: 5786: 5778: 5777:www.upenn.edu 5774: 5768: 5752: 5748: 5744: 5737: 5722: 5718: 5711: 5696: 5695: 5687: 5679: 5673: 5658: 5654: 5647: 5636:September 19, 5632: 5628: 5621: 5605: 5601: 5597: 5590: 5582: 5576: 5560: 5556: 5552: 5545: 5530: 5523: 5508: 5504: 5498: 5490: 5486: 5482: 5476: 5474: 5465: 5452: 5445: 5441: 5437: 5430: 5414: 5410: 5404: 5396: 5395: 5390: 5384: 5368: 5364: 5360: 5353: 5345: 5341: 5337: 5330: 5322: 5316: 5312: 5305: 5296: 5295: 5286: 5278: 5276:9780142002100 5272: 5267: 5266: 5256: 5240: 5233: 5225: 5219: 5215: 5208: 5206: 5204: 5187: 5183: 5176: 5161: 5157: 5150: 5142: 5135: 5119: 5115: 5111: 5105: 5099: 5094: 5086: 5085: 5080: 5073: 5067: 5063: 5057: 5049: 5047:1-57181-672-0 5043: 5039: 5035: 5029: 5021: 5017: 5013: 5009: 5005: 4998: 4991: 4987: 4985:90-04-12906-5 4981: 4977: 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4094: 4090: 4084: 4082: 4080: 4070: 4061: 4054: 4048: 4040: 4034: 4026: 4020: 4016: 4012: 4011:Facts on File 4008: 4007: 3999: 3997: 3995: 3993: 3984: 3977: 3975: 3959: 3955: 3951: 3947: 3943: 3937: 3935: 3933: 3916: 3912: 3908: 3902: 3900: 3895: 3880: 3873: 3869: 3865: 3861: 3857: 3856:Novum Belgium 3853: 3849: 3843: 3839: 3825: 3822: 3820: 3817: 3815: 3812: 3810: 3807: 3805: 3802: 3799: 3796: 3793: 3790: 3787: 3784: 3781: 3778: 3775: 3772: 3770: 3767: 3765: 3762: 3760: 3757: 3755: 3752: 3751: 3743: 3738: 3736: 3731: 3729: 3724: 3723: 3721: 3720: 3714: 3710: 3709: 3706: 3703: 3702: 3697: 3694: 3692: 3689: 3687: 3684: 3682: 3679: 3678: 3677: 3676: 3673: 3670: 3669: 3664: 3661: 3658: 3656: 3653: 3650: 3648: 3645: 3642: 3640: 3637: 3634: 3632: 3629: 3626: 3624: 3621: 3618: 3616: 3613: 3610: 3609: 3608: 3607: 3602: 3599: 3598: 3597: 3596: 3593: 3590: 3589: 3583: 3580: 3578: 3575: 3573: 3570: 3568: 3565: 3563: 3562:Nieuw Utrecht 3560: 3558: 3555: 3553: 3550: 3548: 3545: 3543: 3540: 3538: 3535: 3533: 3530: 3528: 3525: 3523: 3520: 3518: 3515: 3513: 3510: 3508: 3505: 3503: 3500: 3498: 3495: 3493: 3490: 3488: 3485: 3483: 3480: 3478: 3477:Nieuw Haarlem 3475: 3473: 3470: 3468: 3465: 3463: 3462:Noten Eylandt 3460: 3459: 3457: 3456: 3452: 3449: 3448: 3442: 3439: 3437: 3434: 3432: 3429: 3427: 3424: 3422: 3419: 3417: 3414: 3412: 3409: 3407: 3404: 3402: 3399: 3397: 3394: 3392: 3389: 3387: 3384: 3383: 3381: 3380: 3376: 3373: 3372: 3369: 3366: 3365: 3360: 3356: 3355: 3349: 3338: 3335: 3324: 3321: 3310: 3307: 3296: 3293: 3282: 3275: 3273: 3269: 3265: 3261: 3257: 3253: 3249: 3245: 3241: 3237: 3233: 3229: 3225: 3221: 3217: 3213: 3208: 3206: 3202: 3198: 3194: 3190: 3186: 3182: 3174: 3173: 3167: 3162: 3156: 3146: 3144: 3139: 3135: 3131: 3126: 3122: 3121: 3117:'s satirical 3116: 3112: 3110: 3106: 3102: 3101:Nassau County 3098: 3094: 3093: 3088: 3087:Prince's Flag 3084: 3080: 3076: 3072: 3071:New York City 3064: 3063:Prince's Flag 3060: 3056: 3047: 3045: 3041: 3037: 3033: 3030:produced two 3029: 3025: 3020: 3018: 3013: 3009: 3005: 3001: 2997: 2993: 2989: 2985: 2984:nation-states 2980: 2978: 2974: 2970: 2960: 2958: 2957:New York City 2954: 2950: 2946: 2945:Hudson Valley 2942: 2938: 2934: 2930: 2925: 2917: 2913: 2908: 2899: 2897: 2896:Edmund Andros 2893: 2889: 2885: 2881: 2877: 2873: 2869: 2865: 2861: 2857: 2853: 2849: 2848:Anthony Colve 2845: 2844:Jacob Binckes 2841: 2837: 2832: 2830: 2826: 2822: 2818: 2814: 2810: 2806: 2802: 2798: 2794: 2790: 2786: 2782: 2777: 2775: 2771: 2767: 2763: 2757: 2752: 2750: 2746: 2736: 2734: 2730: 2726: 2722: 2717: 2713: 2709: 2705: 2701: 2695: 2693: 2689: 2685: 2684:Lange Eylandt 2681: 2677: 2673: 2665: 2660: 2653: 2649: 2645: 2641: 2637: 2633: 2624: 2622: 2618: 2614: 2610: 2605: 2603: 2599: 2598:Staten Island 2595: 2591: 2587: 2583: 2579: 2575: 2570: 2568: 2564: 2560: 2556: 2552: 2548: 2544: 2540: 2535: 2531: 2527: 2525: 2521: 2520:Samuel Godijn 2517: 2513: 2509: 2505: 2501: 2486: 2485: 2481: 2477: 2473: 2469: 2468:Sephardi Jews 2465: 2461: 2457: 2452: 2448: 2446: 2442: 2437: 2433: 2429: 2425: 2421: 2417: 2413: 2403: 2399: 2396: 2393: 2392: 2388: 2385: 2382: 2381: 2377: 2374: 2371: 2370: 2366: 2363: 2360: 2359: 2353: 2348: 2345: 2344: 2329: 2328: 2327: 2325: 2321: 2320:River Indians 2317: 2313: 2312:New Amsterdam 2309: 2305: 2301: 2297: 2293: 2289: 2285: 2281: 2277: 2272: 2268: 2262: 2260: 2256: 2255:entrepreneurs 2252: 2248: 2244: 2240: 2233: 2229: 2225: 2216: 2214: 2210: 2206: 2200: 2198: 2195: 2192: 2188: 2183: 2179: 2175: 2169: 2167: 2163: 2159: 2154: 2150: 2145: 2135: 2133: 2129: 2125: 2121: 2117: 2113: 2109: 2105: 2102: 2098: 2094: 2090: 2087: 2083: 2079: 2078: 2073: 2068: 2066: 2065:Lange Eylandt 2062: 2058: 2054: 2050: 2046: 2045:New Amsterdam 2041: 2039: 2035: 2031: 2027: 2022: 2018: 2014: 2009: 2007: 2003: 1999: 1995: 1991: 1987: 1983: 1979: 1975: 1971: 1967: 1963: 1959: 1955: 1950: 1948: 1944: 1940: 1935: 1931: 1924: 1920: 1908: 1903: 1899: 1895: 1891: 1885: 1884:New Amsterdam 1875: 1873: 1869: 1865: 1861: 1857: 1856: 1851: 1847: 1843: 1839: 1835: 1830: 1828: 1824: 1820: 1816: 1812: 1808: 1804: 1800: 1796: 1792: 1788: 1784: 1780: 1776: 1771: 1769: 1765: 1761: 1757: 1753: 1749: 1745: 1741: 1737: 1736:Adriaen Block 1733: 1729: 1724: 1722: 1718: 1713: 1711: 1703: 1702:North America 1698: 1693: 1689: 1683: 1673: 1670: 1669: 1664: 1660: 1656: 1650: 1648: 1644: 1640: 1636: 1632: 1628: 1624: 1620: 1616: 1612: 1608: 1604: 1599: 1597: 1596:Mohawk Valley 1593: 1589: 1585: 1581: 1577: 1573: 1569: 1557: 1552: 1550: 1545: 1543: 1538: 1537: 1535: 1534: 1531: 1521: 1520: 1514: 1511: 1509: 1506: 1504: 1501: 1499: 1496: 1494: 1491: 1489: 1486: 1484: 1481: 1479: 1476: 1474: 1471: 1469: 1466: 1464: 1461: 1459: 1456: 1454: 1451: 1449: 1446: 1444: 1441: 1439: 1436: 1434: 1431: 1429: 1426: 1424: 1421: 1420: 1418: 1417: 1413: 1409: 1408: 1405: 1400: 1399: 1395: 1394: 1386: 1384: 1379: 1375: 1373: 1369: 1365: 1361: 1356: 1354: 1350: 1346: 1345:Castle Island 1342: 1337: 1335: 1331: 1330: 1326:explored the 1325: 1321: 1317: 1312: 1310: 1306: 1301: 1293: 1288: 1281: 1277: 1273: 1268: 1254: 1251: 1246: 1244: 1240: 1236: 1232: 1231:Massachusetts 1228: 1224: 1220: 1216: 1215:Adriaen Block 1212: 1208: 1204: 1199: 1197: 1191: 1189: 1185: 1181: 1177: 1173: 1169: 1165: 1161: 1157: 1152: 1150: 1146: 1142: 1141: 1137: 1133: 1132:North America 1129: 1125: 1121: 1117: 1112: 1110: 1106: 1102: 1098: 1094: 1089: 1081: 1076: 1062: 1051: 1047: 1046:Adriaen Block 1042: 1033: 1031: 1027: 1022: 1020: 1016: 1012: 1008: 1007:New Amsterdam 1004: 1000: 996: 991: 989: 985: 981: 977: 973: 969: 964: 962: 958: 954: 950: 946: 942: 938: 934: 930: 926: 922: 918: 914: 910: 899: 894: 892: 887: 885: 880: 879: 877: 876: 870: 866: 865: 862: 859: 858: 853: 850: 848: 845: 843: 840: 838: 835: 834: 833: 832: 829: 826: 825: 820: 817: 814: 812: 809: 806: 804: 801: 798: 796: 793: 790: 788: 785: 782: 780: 777: 774: 772: 769: 766: 765: 764: 763: 758: 755: 754: 753: 752: 749: 746: 745: 739: 736: 734: 731: 729: 726: 724: 721: 719: 718:Nieuw Utrecht 716: 714: 711: 709: 706: 704: 701: 699: 696: 694: 691: 689: 686: 684: 681: 679: 676: 674: 671: 669: 666: 664: 661: 659: 656: 654: 651: 649: 646: 644: 641: 639: 636: 634: 633:Nieuw Haarlem 631: 629: 626: 624: 621: 619: 618:Noten Eylandt 616: 615: 613: 612: 608: 605: 604: 598: 595: 593: 590: 588: 585: 583: 580: 578: 575: 573: 570: 568: 565: 563: 560: 558: 555: 553: 550: 548: 545: 543: 540: 539: 537: 536: 532: 529: 528: 525: 522: 521: 516: 512: 511: 498: 494: 492: 489: 487: 484: 482: 479: 477: 474: 473: 472: 471:United States 469: 468: 466: 464:Today part of 462: 446: 444: 441: 440: 432: 430: 427: 426: 418: 416: 413: 412: 404: 402: 399: 398: 390: 388: 385: 384: 376: 374: 371: 370: 367: 361: 358: 351: 350: 347: 346: 343: 340: 338: 335: 334: 330: 327: 323: 320: 316: 308: 302: 297: 293: 289: 286: 280: 276: 273: 267: 264:July 23, 1667 263: 260: 254: 250: 247: 241: 237: 231: 227: 224:Establishment 222: 218: 214: 210: 207: 206: 199: 195: 192: 189: 185: 180: 177: 175: 171: 168: 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The Dutch 992: 965: 961:Rhode Island 957:Pennsylvania 908: 907: 818: 810: 808:Willem Kieft 802: 794: 786: 784:Peter Minuit 778: 770: 733:Nieuw Amstel 658:Vriessendael 572:Fort Casimir 514: 497:Pennsylvania 360:Lenapehoking 342:Succeeded by 341: 336: 203: 29: 7914:(1630–1651) 7866:(1799–1867) 7854:(1689–1693) 7848:(1685–1754) 7842:(1672–1917) 7836:(1638–1655) 7830:(1625–1672) 7824:(1614–1667) 7810:, 1665–1733 7804:, 1651–1665 7798:, 1562–1565 7794:1534–1763; 7784:, 1804–1821 7778:, 1783–1821 7772:, 1783–1821 7766:, 1776–1821 7760:, 1769–1801 7754:, 1767–1804 7748:, 1690–1821 7742:, 1650–1651 7736:, 1607–1801 7730:, 1598–1821 7724:, 1580–1898 7718:, 1565–1898 7712:, 1565–1821 7710:New Navarre 7706:, 1565–1763 7702:1521–1821; 7694:(1492–1535) 7669:(1871–1903) 7663:(1866–1871) 7657:(1863–1866) 7651:(1862–1863) 7645:(1811–1818) 7639:(1810–1846) 7631:New Ireland 7627:(1763–1783) 7621:(1763–1783) 7615:(1763–1783) 7609:(1763–1783) 7603:(1686–1689) 7597:(1674–1702) 7595:West Jersey 7591:(1674–1702) 7589:East Jersey 7585:(1670–1870) 7579:(1670–1811) 7573:(1663–1712) 7565: 1680 7554:(1638–1664) 7548:(1635–1644) 7536:(1629–1663) 7530:(1625–1650) 7528:Saint Croix 7524:(1622–1658) 7506:(1607–1699) 7500:(1607–1608) 7494:(1585–1590) 7466:(1732–1776) 7460:(1712–1776) 7454:(1712–1776) 7448:(1691–1776) 7442:(1681–1776) 7436:(1664–1776) 7424:(1664–1776) 7418:(1636–1776) 7412:(1636–1776) 7410:Connecticut 7406:(1632–1776) 7394:(1607–1776) 7240:Hospitaller 6998:(1815–1975) 6972:Smeerenburg 6960:Settlements 6950:(1614–1642) 6904:Slave Coast 6796:(1621–1792) 6728:settlements 6686:Banjarmasin 6673:Residencies 6576:Cape Colony 6533:(1602–1798) 5940:February 7, 5700:January 15, 5534:January 16, 5512:January 16, 5419:February 8, 5269:. 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Livius 5757:March 6, 5507:WeRelate 5373:March 6, 5036:(2006). 4957:March 6, 4903:July 28, 4843:Archived 4822:Archived 4772:Archived 4749:Archived 4435:(2004). 3963:March 6, 3858:("(New) 3848:heraldic 3696:Nine Men 3537:Rustdorp 3487:Wiltwijk 3278:See also 3268:Red Hook 3236:Catskill 3228:Canarsie 2825:Suriname 2733:de facto 2704:Plymouth 2508:patroons 2484:Delaware 2322:and the 2308:Beverwyk 2306:between 2300:Kingston 2243:governor 2234:'s grave 2194:sagamore 2124:Wiltwyck 2101:criminal 2086:manorial 2030:Canarsee 1978:guilders 1872:Africans 1864:Walloons 1752:Iroquois 1627:Canarsee 1623:Raritans 1576:Mahicans 1488:Scottish 1438:Curonian 1370:and the 1227:Maryland 1149:Cape Cod 1070:–1670s). 949:Delaware 941:New York 937:Cape Cod 852:Nine Men 693:Rustdorp 643:Wiltwijk 491:New York 481:Delaware 318:Currency 205:Director 157:Delaware 108:Colony ( 7492:Roanoke 7464:Georgia 7290:Swedish 7285:Spanish 7275:Russian 7210:Belgian 7205:British 7136:gained 7128:Became 7099:Surinam 7030:Suratte 7025:Malacca 6858:Surinam 6823:Cayenne 6813:Berbice 6735:Myanmar 6691:Batavia 6658:Malabar 6637:Suratte 6601:Malacca 6596:Formosa 6581:Celebes 6550:Batavia 6474:at the 6416:(1956) 6270:excerpt 6260:excerpt 6250:excerpt 6248:(1990) 6208:(1912) 6111:(1968) 6063:(1969). 6056:(1976). 5988:"Dutch" 5124:July 8, 4681:May 11, 4321:June 9, 4270:. 2008. 4015:128–129 3862:" here 3860:Belgium 3567:Boswijk 3557:Midwout 3497:Pavonia 3197:Passaic 2793:Colonel 2674:on the 2613:British 2594:Pavonia 2476:Quakers 2420:Walloon 2389:+111.9% 2378:+480.0% 2336:Society 2324:Mohawks 2182:Mohican 2174:Pavonia 2112:Company 2108:patroon 2077:patroon 2067:towns. 2061:Pavonia 1972:of the 1932:became 1785:), the 1631:Tappans 1584:Mohawks 1498:Swedish 1493:Spanish 1483:Russian 1468:Italian 1433:British 1362:(GWC) ( 1136:flyboat 982:by the 723:Boswijk 713:Midwout 653:Pavonia 283:• 270:• 257:• 244:• 202:• 149:English 117:Capital 7930:(1676) 7922:(1638) 7906:(1622) 7898:(1620) 7890:(1584) 7860:(1698) 7613:Quebec 7512:(1619) 7498:Popham 7235:French 7225:German 7220:Danish 7046:Dejima 7015:Bengal 6884:Arguin 6863:Tobago 6818:Brazil 6765:Tonkin 6745:Dejima 6740:Canton 6701:Malang 6681:Bantam 6653:Bantam 6632:Persia 6627:Bengal 6586:Ceylon 6418:online 6395: 6312: 6298: 6210:online 6200:online 6163:online 6113:online 6089:online 6030: 5966: 5317: 5273: 5220: 5066:online 5044: 5014: 4982: 4899:. 1656 4802: 4706: 4596: 4491: 4443: 4384: 4344:, 2008 4289: 4245: 4158: 4131: 4021: 3956: 3492:Bergen 3411:De Wal 3361:series 3270:, and 3254:, are 3252:corner 3238:, and 3226:, and 3212:Indian 3205:Albany 3193:Bergen 3161:Yankee 3075:Albany 3061:, or " 2943:, the 2902:Legacy 2882:. 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