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2126:. During the time of New Netherland's colonization, the Dutch were the pre-eminent cartographers in Europe. The delegated authority of the Dutch West India Company over New Netherland required maintaining sovereignty on behalf of the States General, generating cash flow through commercial enterprise for its shareholders, and funding the province's growth. Thus its directors regularly required that censuses be taken. These tools to measure and monitor the province's progress were accompanied by accurate maps and plans. These surveys, as well as grassroots activities to seek redress of grievances, account for the existence of some of the most important of the early documents.
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1903:
2161:. After that provisional relinquishment of New Netherland, Stuyvesant reported to his superiors that he "had endeavored to promote the increase of population, agriculture and commerce...the flourishing condition which might have been more flourishing if the now afflicted inhabitants had been protected by a suitable garrison...and had been helped with the long sought for settlement of the boundary, or in default thereof had they been seconded with the oft besought reinforcement of men and ships against the continual troubles, threats, encroachments and invasions of the British neighbors and government of Hartford Colony, our too powerful enemies".
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1732:). For a transcription of the text, see Schagenbrief and Transcriptie Schagenbrief The deed itself has not survived, so the specific details are unknown. A textual reference to the deed became the foundation for the legend that Minuit had purchased Manhattan from the Native Americans for twenty-four dollars' worth of trinkets and beads, the guilder rate at the time being about two and a half to a
1495:
was founded. Between 1621 and 1623, orders were given to the private, commercial traders to vacate the territory, thus opening up the territory to Dutch settlers and company traders. It also allowed the laws and ordinances of the states of
Holland to apply. Previously, during the private, commercial
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and the East River, where a 13,710-meter (8.52 mi) long stream that began in the north of today's
Central Park, which became known as the Saw Kill or Saw Kill Creek, emptied into the river. Later owners of the property George Elphinstone and Abraham Shotwell replaced the sawmill with a leather
1412:
The territory of New
Netherland was originally a private, profit-making commercial enterprise focused on cementing alliances and conducting trade with the local Indigenous peoples. Surveying and exploration of the region was conducted as a prelude to an anticipated official settlement by the Dutch
1621:
in the Hudson Valley led the company to relocate even more settlers to the vicinity of the new Fort
Amsterdam. In the end, colonizing was a prohibitively expensive undertaking, only partly subsidized by the fur trade. This led to a scaling back of the original plans. By 1628, a smaller fort was
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p.83: "/in den jare 1609 sonden de bewindt-hebbers van de gheoctroyeerde Oost-Indischische compagnie het jacht de halve mane/ daer voor schipper ende koopman op roer
Hendrick Hudson"("in the year 1609 the administrators of the East Indies Company sent the half moon captained by the merchant
1747:
for a sawmill, to exploit the stand of hardwoods found there. Later they exploited the hydropower of existing creeks by constructing mills at Turtle Bay (between present-day East 45th–48th
Streets) and Montagne's Kill, later called Harlem Mill Creek (East 108th Street). In 1639 a
2060:
in
February 1674, both the Dutch territories were relinquished to the English. With the effective transfer of control on 10 November 1674 (N.S.), the names New Netherland and New Orange reverted to the English versions of "New York" and "New York City", respectively.
1820:
known to have arrived in New
Amsterdam arrived in 1654. First to arrive were Solomon Pietersen and Jacob Barsimson, who sailed during the summer of 1654 directly from Holland, with passports that gave them permission to trade in the colony. Then in early September,
1736:. The price of 60 Dutch guilders in 1626 amounts to around $ 1,100 in 2012 dollars. Further complicating the calculation is that the value of goods in the area would have been different from the value of those same goods in the developed market of the Netherlands.
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probably derived from the same 1660 census as the
Castello Plan. The Duke's Plan includes two outlying areas of development on Manhattan along the top of the plan. The work was created for James (1633–1701), the Duke of York and Albany, after whom
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Major recent historical research has been based on a set of documents that have survived from that period, untranslated. They are the administrative records of the colony, unreadable by most scholars. Since the 1970s, Charles
Gehring of the
2406:. A number of structures in New York City were constructed in the 19th and 20th centuries in this style, such as Wallabout Market in Brooklyn, South William Street in Manhattan, West End Collegiate Church at West 77th Street, and others.
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By 1655, the population of New Netherland had grown to 2,000 people, with 1,500 living in New Amsterdam. By 1664, the population of New Netherland had risen to almost 9,000 people, 2,500 of whom lived in New Amsterdam, 1,000 lived near
2263:. (Formerly, the year on the seal was 1664, the year of the provisional Articles of Transfer, assuring New Netherlanders that they "shall keep and enjoy the liberty of their consciences in religion", negotiated with the English by
1705:' worth of trade goods. Minuit conducted the transaction with the Canarse chief Seyseys, who was only too happy to accept valuable merchandise in exchange for an island that was actually mostly controlled by the Weckquaesgeeks.
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argue that the large influence of New Amsterdam on the American psyche has largely been overlooked in the classic telling of American beginnings, because of animosity between the English victors and the conquered Dutch.
2001:
ended the conflict in favor of the Dutch. The Dutch did not press their claims on New Netherland but did demand control over the valuable sugar plantations and factories captured by them that year on the coast of
3358:. This map allows you to click in various places to learn more about the ownership and use of the land and buildings. All URLs accessed on February 17, 2010. A Google Earth File of the Castello Plan is posted on
1853:, possibly in response to a Dutch colonist killing a woman stealing peaches from his orchard. No bloodshed occurred until the Munsee were fired upon as they were preparing to depart. This triggered attacks on
1845:
who was one of the 23 refugees, eventually prospered and in 1661 became the first Jew to own a house in New Amsterdam, which also made him the first Jew known to have owned a house anywhere in North America.
1409:, trapping beavers and trading with the local population as a representative of the Dutch East India Company. He is the first recorded non-Indigenous inhabitant of what would eventually become New York City.
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was the main street that led out of town north towards Harlem. The town was surrounded to the north by a wall leading from the eastern to the western shore. Today, where the course of this city wall was, is
1767:
decided to build a stone church within the fort. The work was carried out by recent English immigrants, the brothers John and Richard Ogden. The church was finished in 1645 and stood until destroyed in the
1692:
in 1626. According to the writer Nathaniel Benchley, to legally safeguard the settlers' investments, possessions and farms on Manhattan island, Minuit negotiated the "purchase" of Manhattan from a band of
1687:
Verhulst, with his council, was responsible for the selection of Manhattan as a permanent place of settlement and for situating Fort Amsterdam. He was replaced as the company director of New Netherland by
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The layout of the streets was winding, as in a European city. Only starting from Wall Street going toward uptown did the typical grid become enforced long after the town ceased to be Dutch. Most of the
1926:
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to formulate a plan to protect the entrance to the Hudson River. In 1624, 30 families were sponsored by Dutch West India Company moving from Nut Island to Manhattan Island, where a citadel to contain
1962:
On August 27, 1664, while England and the Dutch Republic were at peace, four English frigates sailed into New Amsterdam's harbor and demanded New Netherland's surrender, effecting the bloodless
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The scholarly conclusion has largely been that the settlement of New Amsterdam is much more like current New York than previously thought. Cultural diversity and a mindset that resembles the
1511:, who disembarked on the island with thirty families to take legal possession of the New Netherland territory. The WIC ordered engineer and surveyor Crijn Fredericxsz for the construction of
4565:
1724:) from the "wilden" (wild ones). This area amounts to 94 square kilometres (36 sq mi). Schagen also mentioned the successful first harvest and the shipload of 7,246 beaver skins (
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the colony of New Netherland, which the English called "New York", with a combined fleet of a squadron of ships from Amsterdam and a squadron of ships from Zeeland. The commanders were
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The maps enable a precise reconstruction of the town. Fort Amsterdam was located at the southernmost tip of the island of Manhattan, which today is surrounded by Bowling Green.
1914:
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Nieuwe Wereldt ofte Beschrijvinghe van West-Indian, uit veelerhande Schriften ende Aen-teekeningen van verscheyden Natien (Leiden, Bonaventure & Abraham Elseviers, 1625)
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A slideshow of the famous Stadt Huys dig, a landmark archaeological excavation of one of the central blocks of New Amsterdam, can be found on beatl.barnard.columbia.edu
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The Rigging House, 120 William Street, in 1846. It was a Methodist church in the 1760s, then a secular building again before its demolition in the mid-19th century.
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1370:, they named the newly discovered and mapped territory New Netherland for the first time. It also showed the first year-round trading presence in New Netherland,
2247:. It commemorated the 300th anniversary of the founding of New Amsterdam, though it was actually dedicated on its 329th anniversary according to the date on the
2799:
Benchley, Nathaniel. "The $ 24 Swindle: The Native Americans who sold Manhattan were bilked, all right, but they didn't mind – the land wasn't theirs anyway."
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The existence of these city maps has proven to be very useful in the archaeology of New York City. For instance, the Castello map aided the excavation of the
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2083:
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1144:. The English kept the island of Manhattan, the Dutch giving up their claim to the town and the rest of the colony, while the English formally abandoned
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1791:. Capske Rock was situated in the water close to Manhattan between Manhattan and Noten Eylant, and signified the start of the East River roadstead.
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in Vienna in 1991, provides a unique view of New Amsterdam as it appeared from Capske (small Cape) Rock in 1648. It was associated with
1453:(now part of Massachusetts) on November 9, 1620, after a voyage of 64 days. For a variety of reasons, primarily a shortage of supplies,
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The Wyckoff Farm in Flatbush, Brooklyn. Some of its construction still dates from the Dutch period of what is currently New York City.
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was selected as the ideal place for initial settlement as it had easy access to the ocean while also securing an ice-free lifeline to
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produced in 1660. Virtually every structure in New Amsterdam at the time is believed to be represented, and by cross-referencing the
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mill in 1677. The Saw Kill was later redirected into a culvert, arched over, and its trickling little stream was called Arch Brook.
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of 1660, which enumerates all the citizens of New Amsterdam and their addresses, it can be determined who resided in every house.
1250:, the town also became variously known as "Amsterdam" or "New Amsterdam". New Amsterdam's city limits did not extend north of the
3347:. A "Digital redraft of the Castello Plan of New Amsterdam in New Netherland in 1660" is an interactive map that can be found on
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1971:
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descent, he arrived on Manhattan Island during the winter of 1613–1614 under the command of Thijs Volckenz Mossel captain of the
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The fort also served as the center of trading activity. It contained a barracks, the church, a house for the West India Company
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1350:—the secretion of the animals' anal glands—which was used for its medicinal properties and for perfumes. The expeditions by
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near present-day Albany. Here, Indigenous hunters supplied them with pelts in exchange for European-made trade goods and
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1837:, sought to turn them away but was ultimately overruled by the directors of the Dutch West India Company in Amsterdam.
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The New Amsterdam settlement had a population of approximately 270 people, including infants. In 1642 the new director
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2309:), leaving only archaeological remnants. The original street plan of New Amsterdam has stayed largely intact, as have
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The Island at the Center of the World: The Epic Story of Dutch Manhattan and the Forgotten Colony That Shaped America
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In 1524, nearly a century before the arrival of the Dutch, the site that would later become New Amsterdam was named
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Redress for Historical Injustices in the United States: On Reparations for Slavery, Jim Crow, and Their Legacies
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86:
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1254:, and neither the remainder of the island of Manhattan nor of wider New Netherland fell under its definition.
1246:, and variations of this name were also applied to the first Dutch settlement there. With the construction of
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2018:
1861:. Stuyvesant reported 28 farms destroyed, 40 deaths and 100 captives taken in what later became known as the
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566:. The fort was situated on the strategic southern tip of the island of Manhattan and was meant to defend the
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The beginnings of New Amsterdam, unlike most other colonies in the New World, were thoroughly documented in
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Dodson, Howard; Moore, Christopher; Yancy, Roberta; Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture (2000).
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could not proceed to the Hudson River, and the colonists decided to settle near Cape Cod, establishing the
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The History of Harlem: An Historical Narrative Delivered at Harlem Music Hall, April 24th, 1882: a Lecture
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On May 20, 1624, the first settlers in New Netherland arrived on Noten Eylandt (Nut or Nutten Island, now
68:
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Coin and Currency Collections in the Department of Special Collections University of Notre Dame Libraries
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was founded and began a long history of trans-Hudson ferry and ultimately rail and road transportation.
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13–15 South William Street, constructed in the Dutch Colonial Revival architecture evoking New Amsterdam
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The presentation of the legacy of the unique culture of 17th-century New Amsterdam remains a concern of
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and was designated as the capital of the province in 1625. New Amsterdam became a city when it received
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Sometimes considered a dysfunctional trading post by the English who later acquired it from the Dutch,
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by a charter from New Netherland Governor Peter Stuyvesant on February 2, 1653, thus becoming a city.
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2725:""Battery Park". New York City Department of Parks & Recreation. Retrieved on September 13, 2008"
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of the province. Previously there had only been West India Company Directors and a Director-General.
1982:. In June 1665, New Amsterdam was reincorporated under English law as New York City, named after the
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and a warehouse for the storage of company goods. Troops from the fort used the triangle between the
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of Holland. Hudson named the river the Mauritius River. He was also covertly attempting to find the
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Although no architectural monuments or buildings have survived, the legacy lived on in the form of
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A pen-and-ink view of New Amsterdam, drawn on-the-spot and discovered in the map collection of the
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has made it his life's work to translate this first-hand history of the Colony of New Netherland.
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The original 17th-century architecture of New Amsterdam has completely vanished (affected by the
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3146:, by, Raymond J. Baxter, Arthur G. Adams, pg. 46 ,1999, Fordham University Press, 978-0823219544
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in 1611, 1612, 1613 and 1614, resulted in the surveying and charting of the region from the
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3D model of New Amsterdam in 1660, a historical reconstruction based on the Castello Plan
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1987:
1374:, which would be replaced in 1624 by Fort Orange, which eventually grew into the town of
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1966:. On September 6, the local Dutch deciding not to offer resistance, Stuyvesant's lawyer
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1626 letter in Dutch by Pieter Schaghen stating the purchase of Manhattan for 60 gulden.
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1967:
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The threat of attack from other European colonial powers prompted the directors of the
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1366:. On their 1614 map, which gave them a four-year trade monopoly under a patent of the
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504:, a 1660 map of New Amsterdam (the top right corner is roughly north). The fort gave
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2211:. Nearby, a canal which led from the harbor inland was filled in 1676, and is today
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by the Dutch who sent commercial, private missions to the area the following years.
1301:. The first recorded exploration by the Dutch of the area around what is now called
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Verde, Tom (November–December 2021). "The New York of Anyhony Jsnsen von Salee".
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New York: the World's Capital City, Its Development and Contributions to Progress
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The Colony of New Netherland: A Dutch Settlement in Seventeenth-Century America
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from Brooklyn who occupied the bottom quarter of Manhattan, known then as the
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2538:"Manhattan | History, Map, Population, & Points of Interest | Britannica"
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3160:"The saw-kill and the making of Dutch colonial Manhattan: Sawkill Lumber Co"
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History of the United States of America: From the Discovery of the Continent
1708:
An official letter of November 7, 1626 in which Pieter Schagen informed the
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2502:"The New York Tercentenary: An Exhibition of the History of New Netherland"
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1983:
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2776:""The New Amsterdam Trail", National Parks of New York Harbor Conservancy"
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Drawing of New Amsterdam in 1650, discovered in 1991 in the collection of
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was constructed by Franchoys Fezard and was taken apart for iron in 1648.
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3810:, an audio history from the National Parks of New York Harbor Conservancy
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were already present in the first few years of this colony. Writers like
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overlaps with New Amsterdam and has retained its original street layout.
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Amidst the recapture, New York City would be again renamed, this time to
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1331:. Instead, he brought back news about the possibility of exploitation of
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was being laid out by Cryn Frederickz van Lobbrecht at the direction of
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Origins and History of the Village of Yorkville in the City of New York
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in Austria. It is probably the oldest, lifelike depiction of the colony
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to make waterproof hats. A by-product of the trade in beaver pelts was
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2172:) of New Amsterdam in determining the exact location of the building.
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512:) its name, the large street going from the fort past the wall became
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2251:, or on the 301st anniversary of the city receiving municipal rights.
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On September 15, 1655, New Amsterdam was occupied by several hundred
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1609:. By the end of 1625, the site had been staked out directly south of
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Innocence Abroad: The Dutch Imagination and the New World, 1570–1670
3562:. National Park Service, New York Harbor Parks. 2009. Archived from
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At the time, beaver pelts were highly prized in Europe, because the
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that take place in a world where the city remained Dutch until the
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was located in the northern forest at what was later the corner of
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is a publication, from 1656, about goals to populate New Amsterdam
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A 17th-century picture of the Stadthuys can be found on cr.nps.gov
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Several reproductions of the Castello plan can be found on-line:
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International Institute of Social History, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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3833:"Conditions as Created by Their Lords Burgomasters of Amsterdam"
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City of Dreams: A Novel of Nieuw Amsterdam and Early Manhattan
3431:(First ed.). New York City: Vintage Books (a Division of
2489:"The Colony of New Netherland", 2009, by Jaap Jacobs, page 32.
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constructed with walls containing a mixture of clay and sand.
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attempted to sail to the Hudson River from England. However,
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Island that served as the seat of the colonial government in
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Populated places established by the Dutch West India Company
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Indian Affairs in Colonial New York: The Seventeenth Century
2640:
Honoring Juan Rodriguez, a Settler of New York – NYTimes.com
2157:, were named just after the seizure of New Amsterdam by the
1124:
In 1664, the English took over New Amsterdam and renamed it
3696:(Museum of the City of New York/Dover Publications, 2011).
3268:
Verzwegen zeeheld. Jacob Benckes (1637-1677) en zijn wereld
2923:
The Black New Yorkers: the Schomburg illustrated chronology
2368:
A similar theme, at greater length, was taken up by writer
1817:
1343:
3828:
Mapping Early New York - interactive map and encyclopedia.
3656:
The Dutch schools of New Netherland and colonial New York
3144:
Railroad Ferries of the Hudson: And Stories of a Deckhand
2977:
2006:, giving them full control over the coast of what is now
1833:
in January 1654. The director-general of New Netherland,
1339:
1315:
in the service of the Dutch Republic, as the emissary of
2184:
Depiction of the wall of New Amsterdam on a tile in the
3378:
An image of the Duke's map can be found on-line at the
1683:
New Amsterdam in 1664 (looking approximately due north)
1156:
to the Dutch, confirming their control of the valuable
3804:, a downloadable audio walking tour of Lower Manhattan
3249:
Henry L. Schoolcraft, "The Capture of New Amsterdam",
3184:
3099:. New York: Columbia University Press. pp. 10–11.
2395:
situated on top of the row of columns in front of the
1920:
New Amsterdam from the East River in 1660, Scale Model
1389:(rendered in Dutch as Jan Rodrigues), was born in the
4493:
in 1975, Curaçao and Dependencies was renamed to the
3631:
Going Dutch: The Dutch Presence in America, 1609–2009
2642:. Cityroom.blogs.nytimes.com. Retrieved 23 July 2013.
2351:
entitled "If the Dutch Had Kept Nieuw Amsterdam" (in
2129:
There is a particularly detailed city map called the
3084:. New York: Columbia University Press. pp. 7–8.
2655:
Plymouth Colony: Its History & People, 1620–1691
1417:
Pilgrims' attempt to settle in the Hudson River area
578:). In 1624, it became a provincial extension of the
3668:, Greer, SC: Twisted Cedar Press, 2012. 371 pages.
3305:Robert Augustyn, "Maps in the making of Manhattan"
2235:The 1954 unveiling of a stained-glass depiction of
60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
4541:17th-century disestablishments in the Dutch Empire
3458:"His Specialty? Making Old New York Talk in Dutch"
3126:
3114:. New York: Columbia University Press. p. 17.
2955:"A Brief Outline of the History of New Netherland"
3069:. New York: Columbia University Press. p. 9.
2037:(Vlissingen, 1642–1706) under instruction of the
1121:, and the remainder in other towns and villages.
19:This article is about the settlement that became
4556:Historic Jewish communities in the United States
4517:
3629:Goodfriend, Joyce D.; et al., eds. (2008).
3339:. Colored versions from 1916 can be found here:
3044:(2nd ed.). PALGRAVE MACMILLAN. p. 18.
2458:
2391:. The name New Amsterdam is also written on the
1932:Party For New Year's Day In New Amsterdam 1636 (
4546:1664 disestablishments in the Thirteen Colonies
3692:Scheltema, Gajus and Westerhuijs, Heleen, eds.
3292:"When New York was officially named New Orange"
2065:became an official Dutch possession in return.
3773:Jackson, Kenneth T. and David S. Dunbar, eds.
2886:Martin, Michael T.; Yaquinto, Marilyn (2007).
2885:
2563:Rankin, Rebecca B., Cleveland Rodgers (1948).
2399:, commemorating the name of the Dutch colony.
1496:period, only the law of the ship had applied.
3854:
3133:. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press.
2851:
2697:
1970:and five other delegates signed the official
1097:
968:
157:
3007:
3005:
2577:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
2485:
2483:
1487:, which was soon being made by the Dutch on
1431:sailing from England to America in 1620, in
1273:Early exploration and settlement (1609–1624)
1242:term for the southern tip of the island was
1160:. The area occupied by New Amsterdam is now
3775:Empire City: New York Through the Centuries
3706:
3539:"The original street plan of New Amsterdam"
3270:. Zutphen: Walburg Pers. pp. 177–214.
2497:
2495:
2387:One of New York's Broadway theatres is the
2118:Redraft of the Castello Plan, drawn in 1916
1534:) at the mouth of the Verse River (now the
1206:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
171:
142:
4551:Dutch-American culture in New York (state)
4312:
3861:
3847:
3628:
3620:Gotham: A History of New York City to 1898
3154:
3152:
2855:Gotham: A History of New York City to 1898
2700:"The New Amsterdam Trail – A Virtual Tour"
2645:
1787:, and may have inspired later views as by
1104:
1090:
975:
961:
4576:Pre-statehood history of New York (state)
4571:Populated places established in the 1620s
4497:, which was eventually dissolved in 2010.
3868:
3265:
3191:. Small Talk Publishing Company. p.
3109:
3094:
3079:
3064:
3012:de Koning, Joep M.J. (July–August 2000).
3011:
3002:
2837:International Institute of Social History
2658:. Salt Lake City: Ancestry Incorporated.
2480:
2077:The Dutch surrender New Amsterdam in 1664
1896:Novum Amsterodamum 1650, by Laurens Block
1542:on the Mauritius or North River (now the
1515:. A fortification was completed in 1626.
1226:Learn how and when to remove this message
120:Learn how and when to remove this message
3651:New York: Oxford University Press, 1975.
3504:
3477:
3124:
3118:
2852:Burrows, Edwin G.; Walace, Mike (1999).
2748:
2746:
2681:"The Battery: Walloon Settlers Memorial"
2651:
2630:. Ccny.cuny.edu. Retrieved 23 July 2013.
2606:
2492:
2230:
2179:
2113:
1678:
1670:The First Slave Auction at New Amsterdam
1664:
1652:
1578:
1570:
1560:
1420:
1305:was in 1609 with the voyage of the ship
1276:
495:
4531:1625 establishments in the Dutch Empire
3149:
2858:. Oxford University Press. p. 24.
2506:Bulletin of the New York Public Library
1972:Articles of Surrender of New Netherland
4518:
3484:NY Public Library Picture Collection.
3426:
3215:
2384:and retained its name also afterward.
1760:, at which African slaves cut lumber.
4345:
4297:
4143:
3880:
3842:
3755:
3682:, Cambridge: University Press, 2001.
3618:Burrows, Edwin G., and Mike Wallace.
3578:
3455:
2743:
2717:
2607:Bancroft, George (October 24, 1886).
2276:The Island at the Center of the World
2257:date of the founding of New Amsterdam
1553:were soon erected at Nut Island. The
1311:(English: "Half Moon"), commanded by
539:
3612:
2259:is now commemorated in the official
2056:. However, after the signing of the
2039:States General of the Dutch Republic
1805:, received its city rights in 1652.
1720:("'t eylant Manhettes", groot 11000
1518:The families were then dispersed to
1204:adding citations to reliable sources
1171:
1148:in South America, and the island of
58:adding citations to reliable sources
29:
4485:of the Kingdom of the Netherlands;
3552:
2404:Dutch Colonial Revival architecture
2021:; 30 July 1673 (O.S.)), during the
1974:. This was swiftly followed by the
1825:arrived from the Brazilian city of
1813:, was formally recognized in 1658.
1317:Maurice of Nassau, Prince of Orange
1138:United Provinces of the Netherlands
562:gave rise to the settlement around
548:established at the southern tip of
13:
4145:Colonies and trading posts of the
3882:Colonies and trading posts of the
3767:
3666:Penelope: A Novel of New Amsterdam
3607:
3456:Hakim, Danny (December 26, 2009).
3386:URL accessed on December 15, 2005.
3037:
2989:Österreichische Nationalbibliothek
2835:According to a calculation by the
2760:. December 1, 2022. Archived from
1994:, who had been granted the lands.
1957:
1908:New Amsterdam in 1660, Scale Model
1413:Republic, which occurred in 1624.
1391:Captaincy General of Santo Domingo
1264:Dutch colonization of the Americas
946:
836:Charter of Freedoms and Exemptions
400:94 km (36.29 sq mi)
132:Dutch settlement in New Netherland
14:
4587:
3784:
3694:Exploring Historic Dutch New York
3586:"The Henry Hudson 400 Foundation"
3546:Landmarks Preservation Commission
2727:. Nycgovparks.org. Archived from
2504:, in by Victor Hugo Paltsits, in
2045:was installed as the first Dutch
1293:, to commemorate his patron King
516:, and the city wall (right) gave
376:Director-general of New Amsterdam
3777:(2005), 1015 pages of excerpts;
3510:
3014:"From Van der Donck to Visscher"
2517:
2466:"ArcGIS REST Services Directory"
2423:
2411:
2332:'s 1609 voyage on behalf of the
2097:
2082:
2070:
2025:, the Dutch quickly but briefly
1941:
1925:
1913:
1901:
1889:
1875:In 1664, Jan van Bonnel built a
1297:, whose family consisted of the
1176:
1140:agreed to the status quo in the
248:
223:
213:
198:
34:
4206:Sint Eustatius and Dependencies
3531:
3449:
3420:
3408:
3389:
3372:
3314:
3298:
3284:
3259:
3243:
3209:
3185:Arthur Bunyan Caldwell (1882).
3178:
3137:
3103:
3088:
3073:
3058:
3031:
2947:
2913:
2879:
2845:
2829:
2818:
2807:
2792:
2768:
2691:
2673:
2633:
2518:Park, Kingston Ubarn Cultural.
1464:
45:needs additional citations for
3745:, Simon & Schuster, 2002.
3709:"The Capture of New Amsterdam"
3707:Schoolcraft, Henry L. (1907).
3311:. Retrieved December 15, 2005.
2621:
2600:
2585:
2556:
2530:
2511:
2336:with the New Amsterdam Trail.
2109:
1785:Remonstrance of New Netherland
1526:) in the South River (now the
1397:in the Americas. Allegedly of
1128:after the Duke of York (later
25:New Amsterdam (disambiguation)
1:
3727:10.1093/ehr/xxii.lxxxviii.674
3417:. Retrieved February 2, 2011.
2804:, Vol. 11, no. 1 (Dec. 1959).
2617:– via Internet Archive.
2468:. United States Census Bureau
1649:New Amsterdam judicial system
1635:and what came to be known as
1587:
3649:Colonial New York: A History
3405:. Retrieved February 2, 2011
3162:. Sawkil.com. Archived from
2754:"Amsterdam, fort (New York)"
2652:Stratton, Eugene A. (1986).
2397:Manhattan Municipal Building
2091:Reconquest of New Netherland
2035:Cornelis Evertsen de Jongste
1948:Courtship in New Amsterdam (
1642:
1546:), near what is now Albany.
1167:
1136:of 1665–67, England and the
16:Dutch settlement (1624–1664)
7:
3808:Nieuw Amsterdam to New York
3792:Dutch West Indies 1630–1975
3654:Kilpatrick, William Heard.
3345:New York Historical Society
3125:Trelease, Allan W. (1960).
2435:
2320:and educators. In 2009 the
2153:, and New York's Capital –
1831:conquered by the Portuguese
1613:on the site of the present
1425:1882 depiction of the ship
426: • Estimate
321:Relinquished to the English
10:
4592:
4349:Kingdom of the Netherlands
3110:Hertzberg, Arthur (1997).
3095:Hertzberg, Arthur (1997).
3080:Hertzberg, Arthur (1997).
3065:Hertzberg, Arthur (1997).
2140:The city map known as the
2104:City of New Orange in 1673
1978:, between England and the
1770:Slave Insurrection of 1741
1646:
1564:
1468:
1261:
1257:
1014:Federal and early American
18:
4476:
4460:
4439:
4423:
4407:
4391:
4360:
4356:
4341:
4308:
4293:
4265:
4229:
4158:
4154:
4139:
4077:
4024:
3998:
3972:
3911:
3895:
3891:
3876:
3714:English Historical Review
3560:"The New Amsterdam Trail"
3401:November 4, 2012, at the
3251:English Historical Review
2892:. Duke University Press.
2875:– via Google Books.
2825:Transcriptie Schagenbrief
2343:historian and journalist
2226:
2175:
1990:). He was the brother of
1777:Austrian National Library
1532:Old Saybrook, Connecticut
1019:Tammany and Consolidation
998:Lenape and New Netherland
541:[ˌniu.ɑmstərˈdɑm]
473:
456:
444:
433:
425:
420:
412:
404:
396:
391:
373:
354:
344:
339:
327: (350 years ago)
319:
307: (351 years ago)
299:
287: (360 years ago)
279:
267: (400 years ago)
261:
241:
237:
209:
197:
188:
158:
137:
4561:History of New York City
4447:Curaçao and Dependencies
4181:Curaçao and Dependencies
4159:Colonies in the Americas
4147:Dutch West India Company
3884:Dutch East India Company
3486:"Map of Great Fire 1776"
3427:Shorto, Russell (2004).
3216:Lofaso, Anthony (2010).
2758:Atlas of Mutual Heritage
2628:Juan Rodriguez monograph
2452:
2354:If, Or History Rewritten
2347:wrote in 1933 a work of
2284:New Netherland Institute
2033:(Koudum, 1637–1677) and
1964:capture of New Amsterdam
1599:Dutch West India Company
1493:Dutch West India Company
1329:Dutch East India Company
1289:by the Italian explorer
1268:History of New York City
991:History of New York City
907:People of New Netherland
572:Dutch West India Company
408:122 m (401 ft)
385:Dutch West India Company
281:Conquered by the English
4230:Trading posts in Africa
3964:Northeast coast of Java
3802:The New Amsterdam Trail
3643:excerpt and text search
3624:excerpt and text search
3513:"Map of Damages – 1835"
3333:New York Public Library
3266:Vries, de, Jan (2018).
3222:. Xlibris Corporation.
2613:. D. Appleton. p.
2345:Hendrik Willem van Loon
1794:New Amsterdam received
1593:(north is to the right)
1538:) and further north at
1530:), to Kievitshoek (now
1481:the beaver trading post
301:Recaptured by the Dutch
4536:1664 disestablishments
3818:New Netherland Project
3322:New Netherland Project
2252:
2196:is a reference to its
2189:
2135:Nicasius de Sille List
2119:
1976:Second Anglo-Dutch War
1684:
1676:
1662:
1594:
1576:
1522:on Verhulsten Island (
1509:Cornelius Jacobsen May
1436:
1356:Hendrick Christiaensen
1291:Giovanni da Verrazzano
1282:
1134:Second Anglo-Dutch War
1009:British and Revolution
951:
871:Sebastiaen Jansen Krol
847:Cornelius Jacobsen May
556:. The initial trading
532:
521:
405:Highest elevation
172:
143:
23:. For other uses, see
4483:constituent countries
4016:West coast of Sumatra
3870:Dutch colonial empire
3354:June 2, 2019, at the
3327:July 8, 2009, at the
3253:(1907) 22#88 674–693
3204:74th street Saw Mill.
3041:Arab Israeli Conflict
2508:(October, 1926) p.780
2389:New Amsterdam Theatre
2372:, who published the "
2322:National Park Service
2261:Seal of New York City
2249:Seal of New York City
2234:
2183:
2117:
2058:Treaty of Westminster
2023:Third Anglo-Dutch War
1789:Claes Jansz. Visscher
1781:Adriaen van der Donck
1739:The Dutch introduced
1682:
1668:
1656:
1639:for marching drills.
1582:
1574:
1561:Fort Amsterdam (1624)
1507:under the command of
1424:
1280:
950:
940:Flushing Remonstrance
586:on February 2, 1653.
544:) was a 17th-century
499:
475: • Summer (
413:Lowest elevation
204:View of New Amsterdam
4495:Netherlands Antilles
3741:Swerling, Beverley,
3492:on February 10, 2006
2788:on December 4, 2011.
2764:on February 8, 2023.
2520:"Dutch Colonization"
2447:Jacobus van de Water
2363:Simon & Schuster
1712:of the purchase (by
1200:improve this section
1040:Modern and post-9/11
574:in the North River (
416:0 m (0 ft)
54:improve this article
4301:Noordsche Compagnie
4299:Settlements of the
4277:Society of Suriname
4123:Vietnam (1637–1643)
3896:Governorate General
3678:Schmidt, Benjamin,
3592:on November 9, 2022
3384:THE BRITISH LIBRARY
3341:New York University
3112:The Jews in America
3097:The Jews in America
3082:The Jews in America
3067:The Jews in America
2985:"New York, um 1650"
2698:Mixit Productions.
2349:alternative history
2313:outside Manhattan.
2245:Columbia University
1801:Albany, then named
1585:Hudson River Valley
1299:Counts of Angoulême
1295:Francis I of France
1252:wall of Wall Street
636:Fort Nassau (South)
626:Fort Nassau (North)
349:Colonial government
4271:Society of Berbice
3463:The New York Times
3019:. Mercator's World
2542:www.britannica.com
2267:and his council.)
2253:
2221:Financial District
2190:
2120:
2017:On 9 August 1673 (
1968:Johannes de Decker
1823:23 Jewish refugees
1685:
1677:
1663:
1619:Mohawk-Mahican War
1595:
1577:
1503:) aboard the ship
1437:
1287:Nouvelle Angoulême
1283:
1130:James II & VII
1030:Early 20th century
952:
879:Wouter van Twiller
827:The Patroon System
570:operations of the
522:
4513:
4512:
4509:
4508:
4505:
4504:
4491:full independence
4431:Dutch East Indies
4337:
4336:
4333:
4332:
4289:
4288:
4285:
4284:
4135:
4134:
4131:
4130:
3702:978-0-486-48637-6
3647:Kammen, Michael.
3613:Secondary sources
3365:July 7, 2012, at
3337:Wikimedia Commons
3307:Magazine Antiques
2802:American Heritage
2704:nyharborparks.org
2378:detective stories
2326:400th anniversary
1950:Fancis W. Edmonds
1829:, which had been
1726:Nationaal Archief
1615:U.S. Custom House
1536:Connecticut River
1524:Burlington Island
1475:The mouth of the
1325:Northwest Passage
1236:
1235:
1228:
1114:
1113:
1035:Post–World War II
985:
984:
671:Fort Nya Korsholm
494:
493:
434: • Rank
397: • Land
355: • Body
345: • Type
130:
129:
122:
104:
4583:
4498:
4358:
4357:
4347:Colonies of the
4343:
4342:
4310:
4309:
4295:
4294:
4275:Governed by the
4269:Governed by the
4156:
4155:
4141:
4140:
3893:
3892:
3878:
3877:
3863:
3856:
3849:
3840:
3839:
3793:
3763:
3738:
3664:McFarlane, Jim.
3634:
3602:
3601:
3599:
3597:
3588:. Archived from
3582:
3576:
3575:
3573:
3571:
3556:
3550:
3549:
3543:
3535:
3529:
3528:
3526:
3524:
3519:on June 13, 2010
3515:. Archived from
3508:
3502:
3501:
3499:
3497:
3488:. Archived from
3481:
3475:
3474:
3472:
3470:
3453:
3447:
3446:
3424:
3418:
3412:
3406:
3393:
3387:
3376:
3370:
3318:
3312:
3309:, September 1995
3302:
3296:
3295:
3294:. March 7, 2011.
3288:
3282:
3281:
3263:
3257:
3247:
3241:
3240:
3238:
3236:
3213:
3207:
3206:
3201:
3199:
3182:
3176:
3175:
3173:
3171:
3166:on March 3, 2022
3156:
3147:
3141:
3135:
3134:
3132:
3122:
3116:
3115:
3107:
3101:
3100:
3092:
3086:
3085:
3077:
3071:
3070:
3062:
3056:
3055:
3035:
3029:
3028:
3026:
3024:
3018:
3009:
3000:
2999:
2997:
2995:
2981:
2975:
2974:
2972:
2970:
2961:. Archived from
2951:
2945:
2944:
2942:
2940:
2917:
2911:
2910:
2908:
2906:
2883:
2877:
2876:
2874:
2872:
2849:
2843:
2833:
2827:
2822:
2816:
2811:
2805:
2796:
2790:
2789:
2787:
2781:. Archived from
2780:
2772:
2766:
2765:
2750:
2741:
2740:
2738:
2736:
2721:
2715:
2714:
2712:
2710:
2695:
2689:
2688:
2677:
2671:
2669:
2649:
2643:
2637:
2631:
2625:
2619:
2618:
2604:
2598:
2589:
2583:
2582:
2576:
2568:
2560:
2554:
2553:
2551:
2549:
2544:. April 20, 2024
2534:
2528:
2527:
2515:
2509:
2499:
2490:
2487:
2478:
2477:
2475:
2473:
2462:
2427:
2415:
2318:preservationists
2265:Peter Stuyvesant
2237:Peter Stuyvesant
2101:
2086:
2074:
1945:
1929:
1917:
1905:
1893:
1881:East 74th Street
1870:Communipaw ferry
1835:Peter Stuyvesant
1816:The first Dutch
1796:municipal rights
1754:East 74th Street
1637:Whitehall Street
1592:
1589:
1501:Governors Island
1471:Governors Island
1231:
1224:
1220:
1217:
1211:
1180:
1172:
1106:
1099:
1092:
987:
986:
977:
970:
963:
916:New Netherlander
895:Peter Stuyvesant
787:Nieuw Amersfoort
707:Rensselaerswijck
666:Fort Beversreede
597:
589:
588:
584:municipal rights
546:Dutch settlement
543:
538:
508:(in present-day
480:
451:New Netherlander
381:Peter Stuyvesant
335:
333:
328:
315:
313:
308:
295:
293:
288:
275:
273:
268:
254:
252:
251:
227:
217:
202:
191:Dutch settlement
183:
175:
169:
161:
160:
154:
146:
135:
134:
125:
118:
114:
111:
105:
103:
62:
38:
30:
4591:
4590:
4586:
4585:
4584:
4582:
4581:
4580:
4516:
4515:
4514:
4501:
4480:
4472:
4456:
4435:
4419:
4403:
4387:
4352:
4329:
4304:
4281:
4261:
4225:
4150:
4127:
4073:
4020:
3994:
3968:
3907:
3887:
3872:
3867:
3791:
3787:
3770:
3768:Primary sources
3721:(88): 674–693.
3615:
3610:
3608:Further reading
3605:
3595:
3593:
3584:
3583:
3579:
3569:
3567:
3566:on June 9, 2009
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3409:
3403:Wayback Machine
3394:
3390:
3380:British Library
3377:
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3360:bbs.keyhole.com
3356:Wayback Machine
3329:Wayback Machine
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2965:on July 8, 2023
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2382:Napoleonic Wars
2324:celebrated the
2229:
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2112:
2105:
2102:
2093:
2087:
2078:
2075:
1999:Treaty of Breda
1992:King Charles II
1960:
1958:English capture
1953:
1946:
1937:
1934:George Boughton
1930:
1921:
1918:
1909:
1906:
1897:
1894:
1809:, now known as
1651:
1645:
1607:Willem Verhulst
1590:
1569:
1563:
1505:Nieu Nederlandt
1491:. In 1621, the
1473:
1467:
1459:Plymouth Colony
1419:
1385:Spanish trader
1275:
1270:
1260:
1238:The indigenous
1232:
1221:
1215:
1212:
1197:
1181:
1170:
1162:Lower Manhattan
1142:Treaty of Breda
1110:
1078:
1057:
1038:
1033:
1028:
1022:
1017:
1012:
1007:
1001:
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855:Willem Verhulst
821:
702:Nieuw Amsterdam
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641:Fort Goede Hoop
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3785:External links
3783:
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3751:978-0684871738
3739:
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3637:Jacobs, Jaap.
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2926:. John Wiley.
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2899:978-0822389811
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2864:
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2828:
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2806:
2791:
2767:
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2731:on May 4, 2009
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2341:Dutch-American
2295:Russell Shorto
2291:American Dream
2272:Russell Shorto
2241:Butler Library
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2188:subway station
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1710:States General
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1567:Fort Amsterdam
1565:Main article:
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1528:Delaware River
1520:Fort Wilhelmus
1513:Fort Amsterdam
1469:Main article:
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1387:Juan Rodriguez
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2160:
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2151:New York City
2148:
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2138:
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2132:
2131:Castello Plan
2127:
2125:
2116:
2100:
2095:
2092:
2085:
2080:
2073:
2068:
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2066:
2064:
2059:
2055:
2050:
2048:
2044:
2043:Anthony Colve
2040:
2036:
2032:
2031:Jacob Benckes
2028:
2024:
2020:
2015:
2013:
2009:
2005:
2000:
1997:In 1667, the
1995:
1993:
1989:
1988:King James II
1985:
1981:
1977:
1973:
1969:
1965:
1951:
1944:
1939:
1935:
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1916:
1911:
1904:
1899:
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1868:In 1661, the
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1859:Staten Island
1856:
1852:
1847:
1844:
1843:Ashkenazi Jew
1840:
1836:
1832:
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1807:Nieuw Haarlem
1804:
1799:
1797:
1792:
1790:
1786:
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1778:
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1758:Second Avenue
1755:
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1746:
1745:Noten Eylandt
1742:
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1611:Bowling Green
1608:
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1600:
1586:
1583:A map of the
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1369:
1365:
1364:45th parallel
1361:
1360:38th parallel
1357:
1353:
1352:Adriaen Block
1349:
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1195:
1194:
1190:
1185:This section
1183:
1179:
1174:
1173:
1165:
1163:
1159:
1158:Spice Islands
1155:
1151:
1147:
1143:
1139:
1135:
1132:). After the
1131:
1127:
1122:
1120:
1107:
1102:
1100:
1095:
1093:
1088:
1087:
1085:
1084:
1081:
1077:
1076:Staten Island
1074:•
1073:
1070:•
1069:
1066:•
1065:
1062:•
1061:
1056:
1053:
1052:
1049:
1046:
1045:
1041:
1036:
1031:
1026:
1020:
1015:
1010:
1006:
1005:
1004:New Amsterdam
999:
996:
995:
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989:
988:
978:
973:
971:
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964:
959:
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832:
831:
828:
825:
824:
818:
815:
813:
810:
808:
805:
803:
800:
798:
797:Nieuw Utrecht
795:
793:
790:
788:
785:
783:
780:
778:
775:
773:
770:
768:
765:
763:
760:
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745:
743:
740:
738:
735:
733:
730:
728:
725:
723:
720:
718:
715:
713:
712:Nieuw Haarlem
710:
708:
705:
703:
700:
698:
697:Noten Eylandt
695:
694:
692:
691:
687:
684:
683:
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569:
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561:
560:
555:
551:
547:
542:
534:
530:
526:
525:New Amsterdam
519:
515:
511:
507:
503:
502:Castello Plan
498:
489:
485:
482:
478:
472:
468:
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174:
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139:New Amsterdam
136:
124:
121:
113:
102:
99:
95:
92:
88:
85:
81:
78:
74:
71: –
70:
66:
65:Find sources:
59:
55:
49:
48:
43:This article
41:
37:
32:
31:
26:
22:
21:New York City
3999:Commandments
3973:Directorates
3912:Governorates
3774:
3759:Aramco World
3757:
3742:
3718:
3712:
3693:
3679:
3665:
3655:
3648:
3638:
3630:
3619:
3594:. Retrieved
3590:the original
3580:
3568:. Retrieved
3564:the original
3554:
3545:
3533:
3521:. Retrieved
3517:the original
3506:
3494:. Retrieved
3490:the original
3479:
3467:. Retrieved
3461:
3451:
3433:Random House
3428:
3422:
3410:
3391:
3374:
3316:
3306:
3300:
3286:
3267:
3261:
3250:
3245:
3233:. Retrieved
3218:
3211:
3203:
3196:. Retrieved
3187:
3180:
3168:. Retrieved
3164:the original
3143:
3139:
3128:
3120:
3111:
3105:
3096:
3090:
3081:
3075:
3066:
3060:
3040:
3033:
3023:February 19,
3021:. Retrieved
2992:. Retrieved
2988:
2979:
2967:. Retrieved
2963:the original
2958:
2949:
2937:. Retrieved
2922:
2915:
2903:. Retrieved
2888:
2881:
2869:. Retrieved
2854:
2847:
2831:
2820:
2814:Schagenbrief
2809:
2801:
2794:
2783:the original
2770:
2762:the original
2757:
2733:. Retrieved
2729:the original
2719:
2707:. Retrieved
2703:
2693:
2684:
2675:
2654:
2647:
2635:
2623:
2609:
2602:
2592:
2587:
2564:
2558:
2546:. Retrieved
2541:
2532:
2523:
2513:
2505:
2470:. Retrieved
2460:
2401:
2386:
2376:" series of
2367:
2359:J. C. Squire
2357:, edited by
2352:
2338:
2330:Henry Hudson
2315:
2300:
2288:
2280:
2275:
2274:, author of
2269:
2254:
2217:
2213:Broad Street
2202:
2191:
2163:
2139:
2134:
2128:
2121:
2053:
2051:
2016:
1996:
1984:Duke of York
1961:
1874:
1867:
1848:
1815:
1806:
1802:
1800:
1793:
1784:
1774:
1765:Willem Kieft
1762:
1744:
1738:
1714:Peter Minuit
1707:
1690:Peter Minuit
1686:
1672:in 1655, by
1669:
1630:
1624:
1596:
1548:
1544:Hudson River
1517:
1504:
1498:
1477:Hudson River
1474:
1465:Dutch return
1454:
1444:
1439:In 1620 the
1438:
1426:
1411:
1407:Jonge Tobias
1406:
1393:, the first
1384:
1337:
1313:Henry Hudson
1306:
1303:New York Bay
1284:
1237:
1222:
1213:
1198:Please help
1186:
1123:
1115:
1047:
1027:, 1861–1865)
1003:
1002:
897:
889:
887:Willem Kieft
881:
873:
865:
863:Peter Minuit
857:
849:
812:Nieuw Amstel
737:Vriessendael
701:
651:Fort Casimir
576:Hudson River
557:
524:
523:
243:Dutch colony
173:Nieuw Oranje
116:
110:January 2022
107:
97:
90:
83:
76:
64:
52:Please help
47:verification
44:
4351:(1815–1975)
4325:Smeerenburg
4313:Settlements
4303:(1614–1642)
4257:Slave Coast
4149:(1621–1792)
4081:settlements
4039:Banjarmasin
4026:Residencies
3929:Cape Colony
3886:(1602–1798)
3523:February 2,
3496:February 2,
3349:ekamper.net
3051:14039-13382
2871:January 23,
2311:some houses
2209:Wall Street
2200:of cannon.
2194:The Battery
2186:Wall Street
2142:Duke's Plan
2110:Cartography
1674:Howard Pyle
1632:Heerestraat
1591: 1634
1549:A fort and
1540:Fort Nassau
1489:Long Island
1372:Fort Nassau
1154:East Indies
1119:Fort Orange
1058:Timelines:
1037:, 1946–1977
1032:, 1898–1945
1021:, 1855–1897
1016:, 1784–1854
1011:, 1665–1783
807:Swaanendael
757:Colen Donck
686:Settlements
656:Fort Altena
631:Fort Orange
603:Exploration
518:Wall Street
506:The Battery
358:Council of
4520:Categories
4468:New Guinea
4461:Until 1962
4440:Until 1954
4424:Until 1949
4415:Gold Coast
4408:Until 1872
4392:Until 1853
4373:Coromandel
4361:Until 1825
4252:Senegambia
4242:Gold Coast
4079:Opperhoofd
3944:Coromandel
3596:August 27,
3570:August 27,
3469:October 2,
2735:October 4,
2670:(page 20).
2393:architrave
2054:New Orange
1839:Asser Levy
1699:Manhattoes
1647:See also:
1399:Portuguese
1378:, renamed
1376:Beverwijck
1321:stadholder
1308:Halve Maen
1262:See also:
1216:March 2023
921:Twelve Men
817:Nieuw Dorp
782:Breuckelen
777:Gravesende
752:Oude Dorpe
747:Vlissingen
742:Achter Col
717:Beverwijck
676:De Rondout
537:pronounced
421:Population
340:Government
159:New Orange
80:newspapers
4320:Jan Mayen
4191:Essequibo
4103:Mauritius
4069:Pontianak
4059:Palembang
3816:from the
3343:and here:
3235:April 14,
3198:April 14,
3170:April 14,
2939:April 14,
2905:April 14,
2685:NYC Parks
2573:cite book
2567:. Harper.
2548:April 21,
2255:The 1625
2170:City Hall
2166:Stadthuys
2124:city maps
1863:Peach War
1803:Beverwyck
1743:first at
1741:windmills
1730:The Hague
1718:Manhattan
1701:, for 60
1659:Albertina
1643:1624–1664
1455:Mayflower
1446:Mayflower
1428:Mayflower
1382:in 1664.
1348:castoreum
1342:could be
1244:Manhattoe
1187:does not
1168:Etymology
1025:Civil War
1000:, to 1664
926:Eight Men
898:(1647–64)
890:(1638–47)
882:(1633–38)
874:(1632–33)
866:(1626–32)
858:(1625–26)
850:(1620–25)
767:Heemstede
762:Greenwich
568:fur trade
550:Manhattan
520:its name.
510:Manhattan
484:UTC–04:00
463:UTC–05:00
458:Time zone
4487:Suriname
4201:Pomeroon
4186:Demerara
4064:Preanger
4049:Cheribon
3959:Moluccas
3762:: 28–33.
3399:Archived
3363:Archived
3352:Archived
3325:Archived
3255:in JSTOR
2969:July 12,
2709:June 26,
2597:Hudson")
2436:See also
2361:, 1931,
2204:Broadway
2147:New York
2063:Suriname
2047:governor
2012:Suriname
1877:Saw mill
1703:guilders
1627:director
1555:windmill
1451:Cape Cod
1449:reached
1441:Pilgrims
1433:Plymouth
1327:for the
1126:New York
1080:Category
1068:Brooklyn
1048:See also
931:Nine Men
772:Rustdorp
722:Wiltwijk
514:Broadway
4489:gained
4481:Became
4452:Surinam
4383:Suratte
4378:Malacca
4211:Surinam
4176:Cayenne
4166:Berbice
4088:Myanmar
4044:Batavia
4011:Malabar
3990:Suratte
3954:Malacca
3949:Formosa
3934:Celebes
3903:Batavia
3797:YouTube
3779:excerpt
3658:(1912)
3641:(2009)
3622:(2000)
2524:nps.gov
2442:van Dam
2198:battery
2159:English
2004:Surinam
1986:(later
1855:Pavonia
1750:sawmill
1695:Canarse
1551:sawmill
1403:African
1362:to the
1258:History
1208:removed
1193:sources
1152:in the
1146:Surinam
802:Boswijk
792:Midwout
732:Pavonia
559:factory
446:Demonym
437:1st in
364:Schepen
330: (
310: (
290: (
270: (
262:Settled
166:English
94:scholar
4399:Dejima
4368:Bengal
4237:Arguin
4216:Tobago
4171:Brazil
4118:Tonkin
4098:Dejima
4093:Canton
4054:Malang
4034:Bantam
4006:Bantam
3985:Persia
3980:Bengal
3939:Ceylon
3749:
3735:550138
3733:
3700:
3686:
3672:
3660:online
3511:CUNY.
3439:
3382:site:
3274:
3226:
3048:
2994:May 7,
2930:
2896:
2862:
2662:
2227:Legacy
2176:Layout
2155:Albany
2027:retook
2008:Guyana
1851:Munsee
1827:Recife
1811:Harlem
1722:morgen
1617:. The
1485:wampum
1435:Harbor
1380:Albany
1344:felted
1333:beaver
1240:Munsee
1072:Queens
727:Bergen
646:De Wal
596:series
368:Schout
366:and a
360:Mayors
253:
176:
162:
147:
96:
89:
82:
75:
67:
4113:Timor
3919:Ambon
3731:JSTOR
3542:(PDF)
3017:(PDF)
2786:(PDF)
2779:(PDF)
2453:Notes
2334:Dutch
1841:, an
1716:) of
1064:Bronx
529:Dutch
429:2,500
180:Dutch
151:Dutch
101:JSTOR
87:books
4108:Siam
3747:ISBN
3698:ISBN
3684:ISBN
3670:ISBN
3598:2009
3572:2009
3525:2011
3498:2011
3471:2019
3437:ISBN
3272:ISBN
3237:2013
3224:ISBN
3200:2013
3172:2013
3046:ISBN
3025:2013
2996:2023
2971:2018
2941:2013
2928:ISBN
2907:2013
2894:ISBN
2873:2023
2860:ISBN
2737:2010
2711:2015
2660:ISBN
2579:link
2550:2024
2474:2022
2339:The
2307:1835
2305:and
2089:The
2019:N.S.
2010:and
1857:and
1818:Jews
1756:and
1401:and
1354:and
1319:and
1266:and
1191:any
1189:cite
500:The
392:Area
332:1674
325:1674
312:1673
305:1673
292:1664
285:1664
272:1624
265:1624
229:Seal
219:Flag
73:news
3795:on
3723:doi
3435:).
2615:489
2365:).
2328:of
2243:at
2239:in
1879:on
1783:'s
1340:fur
1202:by
1150:Run
1060:NYC
488:EDT
477:DST
467:EST
56:by
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3729:.
3719:22
3717:.
3711:.
3544:.
3460:.
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3331:,
3202:.
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2987:.
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2571:{{
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2041:.
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