31:
283:
Rodent control in and around the home remains the primary prevention strategy, as well as eliminating contact with rodents in the workplace and campsite. Closed storage sheds and cabins are often ideal sites for rodent infestations. Airing out of such spaces prior to use is recommended. Avoid direct
121:
Symptoms of HFRS usually develop within one to two weeks after exposure to infectious material, but in rare cases, they may take up to eight weeks to develop. In
Nephropathia epidemica, the incubation period is three weeks. Initial symptoms begin suddenly and include intense headaches, back and
122:
abdominal pain, fever, chills, nausea, and blurred vision. Individuals may have flushing of the face, inflammation or redness of the eyes, or a rash. Later symptoms can include low blood pressure, acute shock, vascular leakage, and acute kidney failure, which can cause severe fluid overload.
125:
The severity of the disease varies depending upon the virus causing the infection. Hantaan and
Dobrava virus infections usually cause severe symptoms, while Seoul, Saaremaa, and Puumala virus infections are usually more moderate. Complete recovery can take weeks or months.
274:
type of antibodies against hantaviruses are good evidence for an acute hantavirus infection. HFRS should be suspected in patients with acute febrile flu-like illness, kidney failure of unknown origin and sometimes liver dysfunction.
85:
and other orthohantaviruses. Of these species, Hantaan River virus and
Dobrava-Belgrade virus cause the most severe form of the syndrome and have the highest morbidity rates. When caused by the Puumala virus, it is also called
754:
239:
Hantaviruses infect various rodents, generally without causing disease. Transmission by aerosolized rodent excreta still remains the only known way the virus is transmitted to humans. In general, droplet and/or
304:
HFRS is primarily a
Eurasian disease, whereas HPS appears to be confined to the Americas. The geography is directly related to the indigenous rodent hosts and the viruses that coevolved with them.
315:
HFRS was the subject of an episode of the television series M*A*S*H. In season 8, episode 9 the 4077th dealt with a condition, with similar symptoms to HFRS, called "Korean
Hemorrhagic Fever".
376:
Peters, Md; Simpson, Md, Phd, Mph, Gary L.; Levy, Md, Phd, H. (1999). "Spectrum of
Hantavirus Infection: Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome and Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome1".
307:
Although fatal in a small percentage of cases, nephropathia epidemica is generally milder than the HFRS that is caused by hantaviruses in other parts of the world.
1910:
823:
851:
630:
Peters CJ, Simpson GL, Levy H (1999). "Spectrum of hantavirus infection: hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome and hantavirus pulmonary syndrome".
411:
171:, as well as gastro-intestinal problems. These symptoms normally occur for three to seven days and arise about two to three weeks after exposure.
296:
in China and Korea, administered within seven days of onset of fever, resulted in a reduced mortality as well as shortened course of illness.
1920:
1295:
109:(HPS) are caused by hantaviruses, specifically when humans inhale aerosolized excrements of infected rodents. Both diseases appear to be
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17:
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65:
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1994:
1989:
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There is no cure for HFRS. Treatment involves supportive therapy including renal dialysis. Treatment with
2128:
2123:
1624:
1619:
1607:
1149:
1032:
349:
Cosgriff TM, Lewis RM (December 1991). "Mechanisms of disease in hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome".
251:
is the reservoir for the virus, which humans contract through inhalation of aerosolised vole droppings.
1713:
1631:
1612:
978:
1836:
1299:
1191:
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contact with rodent droppings and wear a mask to avoid inhalation of aerosolized rodent secretions.
231:
This syndrome can also be fatal. In some cases, it has been known to cause permanent renal failure.
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2019:
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59:
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transfer has not been shown in the hantaviruses in either the pulmonary or hemorrhagic forms.
1799:
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405:
75:
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by Brian Hjelle, M.D., Department of
Pathology, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico
1851:
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8:
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1787:
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30:
1984:
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571:. Dept. of Biology & Biotechnology, Worcester Polytechnic Institute. Archived from
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113:, and inflammatory mediators are important in causing the clinical manifestations.
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of three to six litres per day, which can last for a couple of days up to weeks.
1696:
1384:
1355:
604:
587:
572:
153:
70:
57:. It is found in Europe, Asia, and Africa. The species that cause HFRS include
1751:
763:
569:"Ebola and Marburg Virus Genomic Structure, Comparative and Molecular Biology"
199:
This phase lasts for three to seven days and is characterised by the onset of
2107:
2043:
1953:
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Muranyi, Walter; Bahr, Udo; Zeier, Martin; Van Der Woude, Fokko J. (2005).
397:
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428:
Lee HW, van der Groen G (1989). "Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome".
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161:
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375:
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2005:
1975:
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1572:
1427:
1305:
1236:
1118:
967:
688:"A global perspective on hantavirus ecology, epidemiology, and disease"
46:
27:
Group of clinically similar illnesses caused by species of hantaviruses
824:
Significant rise in number of
Puumala virus cases in Southern Finland.
665:
2084:
876:
293:
248:
188:
165:
157:
227:
This is normally when recovery occurs and symptoms begin to improve.
860:
260:
216:
180:
145:
34:
Transmission electron micrograph of Sin Nombre virus, a hantavirus.
814:
Virus
Pathogen Database and Analysis Resource (ViPR): Bunyaviridae
45:) is a group of clinically similar illnesses caused by species of
2014:
1963:
1941:
141:
528:"Emerging infections: lessons from the viral hemorrhagic fevers"
2052:
1831:
1560:
1549:
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241:
149:
859:
586:
Rose AM, Vapalahti O, Lyytikäinen O, Nuorti P (January 2003).
585:
457:
267:
168:
137:
259:
HFRS is difficult to diagnose on clinical grounds alone and
1123:
685:
129:
The course of the illness can be split into five phases:
795:"Hantaviruses, with emphasis on Four Corners Hantavirus"
666:"CDC - Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome (HPS) - Hantavirus"
453:
451:
686:
Jonsson CB, Figueiredo LT, Vapalahti O (April 2010).
789:
Sloan
Science and Film / Short Films / Muerto Canyon
736:
448:
819:Occurrences and deaths in North and South America
801:CDC's Hantavirus Technical Information Index page
629:
2105:
588:"Patterns of Puumala virus infection in Finland"
427:
39:Hantavirus hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome
270:in a one-week interval and the presence of the
498:
845:
464:Journal of the American Society of Nephrology
348:
263:evidence is often needed. A fourfold rise in
136:Symptoms include redness of cheeks and nose,
410:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1296:Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome
566:
852:
838:
625:
623:
499:Kulzer P, Heidland A (December 1994). "".
711:
603:
543:
475:
164:problems such as the ones common in the
29:
620:
423:
421:
14:
2106:
525:
1667:Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome
833:
310:
183:levels drop and symptoms can lead to
116:
418:
1170:Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis
191:. This phase can last for two days.
24:
140:, chills, sweaty palms, diarrhea,
25:
2140:
732:
1160:Western equine encephalomyelitis
1150:Eastern equine encephalomyelitis
532:Trans. Am. Clin. Climatol. Assoc
247:For Nephropathia epidemica, the
66:Dobrava-Belgrade orthohantavirus
1285:Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever
679:
658:
299:
234:
1447:Kemerovo tickborne viral fever
579:
560:
519:
492:
369:
342:
13:
1:
1704:Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome
943:Jamestown Canyon encephalitis
826:Helsinki Sanomat Sep 29 2008.
335:
278:
107:hantavirus pulmonary syndrome
102:(mouse plague) in Norwegian.
98:(vole fever) in Finnish, and
90:. This infection is known as
1598:Venezuelan hemorrhagic fever
644:10.1146/annurev.med.50.1.531
538:: 189–96, discussion 196–7.
390:10.1146/annurev.med.50.1.531
287:
254:
7:
1620:Brazilian hemorrhagic fever
1608:Argentine hemorrhagic fever
318:
10:
2145:
1632:Bolivian hemorrhagic fever
1512:Sandfly fever Naples virus
605:10.2807/esm.08.01.00394-en
567:Crowley, J.; Crusberg, T.
55:epidemic hemorrhagic fever
2073:
2041:
2032:
2003:
1973:
1951:
1940:
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1867:
1820:
1761:
1750:
1724:
1655:
1570:
1559:
1548:
1520:
1470:
1459:
1425:
1405:
1323:
1300:Huaiyangshan banyangvirus
1269:
1258:
1234:
1134:
1012:
897:
886:
875:
740:
378:Annual Review of Medicine
215:This is characterized by
94:(vole fever) in Swedish,
1916:SARS-related coronavirus
1879:Henipavirus encephalitis
1737:Murid gammaherpesvirus 4
1582:Viral hemorrhagic fevers
1363:Viral hemorrhagic fevers
1335:Arbovirus encephalitides
1311:Arbovirus encephalitides
1281:Viral hemorrhagic fevers
1246:Banna virus encephalitis
1146:Arbovirus encephalitides
1091:Viral hemorrhagic fevers
1057:Saint Louis encephalitis
1024:Arbovirus encephalitides
975:Viral hemorrhagic fevers
909:Arbovirus encephalitides
51:Korean hemorrhagic fever
2119:Rodent-carried diseases
2020:Yaba monkey tumor virus
1377:Kyasanur Forest disease
1339:Tick-borne encephalitis
1040:Australian encephalitis
933:California encephalitis
82:Puumala orthohantavirus
60:Hantaan orthohantavirus
1367:Omsk hemorrhagic fever
948:La Crosse encephalitis
791:by Jen Peel 29 minutes
477:10.1681/ASN.2005050561
460:"Hantavirus Infection"
88:nephropathia epidemica
49:. It is also known as
35:
18:Nephropathia epidemica
2114:Hantavirus infections
1800:Marburg virus disease
1351:Powassan encephalitis
1028:Japanese encephalitis
668:. Cdc.gov. 2013-02-06
179:This occurs when the
76:Seoul orthohantavirus
33:
1226:Semliki Forest virus
704:10.1128/CMR.00062-09
692:Clin. Microbiol. Rev
1773:Ebola virus disease
1437:Colorado tick fever
1192:O'nyong'nyong fever
2129:Hemorrhagic fevers
2124:Biological weapons
1985:Simian foamy virus
526:Peters CJ (2006).
325:Hantavirus vaccine
311:In Popular Culture
224:Convalescent phase
117:Signs and symptoms
36:
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1935:
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999:Rift Valley fever
784:
783:
470:(12): 3669–3679.
351:Kidney Int. Suppl
176:Hypotensive phase
16:(Redirected from
2136:
2039:
2038:
1949:
1948:
1759:
1758:
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1567:
1557:
1556:
1532:Chandipura virus
1468:
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1408:Orthomyxoviridae
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1214:Ross River fever
979:Bunyamwera fever
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1500:Pappataci fever
1493:Oropouche virus
1488:Oropouche fever
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1291:Heartland virus
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1202:Pogosta disease
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1077:West Nile fever
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632:Annu. Rev. Med
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575:on 2013-10-15.
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196:Oliguric phase
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181:blood platelet
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105:Both HFRS and
71:Saaremaa virus
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1564:
1558:
1555:
1553:
1547:
1533:
1530:
1529:
1527:
1525:
1524:
1523:Rhabdoviridae
1519:
1513:
1510:
1506:
1505:Toscana virus
1503:
1502:
1501:
1498:
1494:
1491:
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1489:
1486:
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1432:
1430:
1429:
1424:
1418:
1417:Bourbon virus
1415:
1414:
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1404:
1395:
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1233:
1227:
1224:
1220:
1217:
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1212:
1208:
1207:Sindbis virus
1205:
1204:
1203:
1200:
1195:
1194:
1193:
1190:
1186:
1183:
1182:
1181:
1178:
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1038:
1034:
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1021:
1019:
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982:
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949:
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936:
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822:
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748:
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739:
723:
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698:(2): 412–41.
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667:
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653:
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637:
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626:
624:
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611:
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592:Euro Surveill
589:
582:
574:
570:
563:
555:
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546:
541:
537:
533:
529:
522:
514:
510:
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503:(in German).
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364:
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331:
330:Leptospirosis
328:
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201:renal failure
198:
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186:
182:
178:
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167:
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147:
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133:Febrile phase
132:
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127:
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114:
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108:
103:
101:
97:
93:
89:
84:
83:
78:
77:
72:
68:
67:
62:
61:
56:
52:
48:
44:
40:
32:
19:
2074:
2065:Mokola virus
2042:
2004:
1976:Retroviridae
1974:
1962:
1952:
1900:
1868:
1821:
1762:
1735:
1725:
1666:
1658:Bunyavirales
1656:
1573:Arenaviridae
1571:
1521:
1473:Bunyavirales
1471:
1426:
1406:
1392:Langat virus
1326:Flaviviridae
1324:
1315:Bhanja virus
1272:Bunyavirales
1270:
1235:
1135:
1107:Yellow fever
1095:Dengue fever
1015:Flaviviridae
1013:
958:Tahyna virus
923:Bwamba Fever
900:Bunyavirales
898:
809:: Hantavirus
806:
768:
753:
695:
691:
681:
670:. Retrieved
660:
635:
631:
595:
591:
581:
573:the original
562:
535:
531:
521:
504:
500:
494:
467:
463:
433:
429:
406:cite journal
381:
377:
371:
354:
350:
344:
314:
306:
303:
300:Epidemiology
291:
282:
265:IgG antibody
258:
246:
238:
235:Transmission
230:
128:
124:
120:
104:
99:
95:
91:
87:
80:
74:
64:
58:
54:
50:
47:hantaviruses
42:
38:
37:
1764:Filoviridae
1586:Lassa fever
1482:Adria virus
1180:Chikungunya
1137:Togaviridae
1067:Usutu virus
989:Ngari virus
913:Batai virus
598:(1): 9–13.
384:: 531–545.
261:serological
205:proteinuria
185:tachycardia
162:respiratory
2108:Categories
2076:Poxviridae
2006:Poxviridae
1926:SARS-CoV-2
1428:Reoviridae
1306:Tete virus
1237:Reoviridae
1119:Zika fever
968:Tete virus
866:(A80–B34,
672:2013-07-07
638:: 531–45.
501:Ther Umsch
436:: 62–102.
336:References
279:Prevention
96:myyräkuume
2085:Monkeypox
877:Arthropod
807:Viralzone
357:: S72–9.
294:ribavirin
288:Treatment
255:Diagnosis
249:bank vole
189:hypoxemia
166:influenza
158:back pain
154:abdominal
146:headaches
92:sorkfeber
2033:Multiple
1921:SARS-CoV
1911:MERS-CoV
1100:DENV-1-4
888:Mosquito
861:Zoonotic
722:20375360
652:10073292
614:12631978
554:18528473
486:16267154
398:10073292
319:See also
217:diuresis
100:musepest
2035:vectors
2015:Tanapox
1964:B virus
1942:Primate
1461:Sandfly
1287:(CCHFV)
868:042–079
775:D006480
713:2863364
545:1500910
513:7784996
442:2573914
363:1685203
142:malaise
2053:Rabies
1995:HTLV-2
1990:HTLV-1
1944:-borne
1832:Rabies
1754:-borne
1563:-borne
1561:Rodent
1552:-borne
1550:Mammal
1484:(ADRV)
1463:-borne
1262:-borne
890:-borne
879:-borne
720:
710:
650:
612:
552:
542:
511:
484:
440:
396:
361:
242:fomite
150:nausea
1793:ZEBOV
1697:THAIV
1185:CHIKV
764:A98.5
268:titer
169:virus
138:fever
2058:RABV
1859:CHPV
1847:DUVV
1842:MOKV
1837:ABLV
1810:RAVV
1805:MARV
1788:TAFV
1783:SUDV
1778:BDBV
1709:ANDV
1692:AMRV
1687:SEOV
1682:PUUV
1677:HTNV
1672:DOBV
1647:CHPV
1642:LUJV
1636:MACV
1625:SABV
1613:JUNV
1602:GTOV
1591:LASV
1441:CTFV
1396:LGTV
1385:AHFV
1381:KFDV
1371:OHFV
1356:POWV
1344:TBEV
1260:Tick
1196:ONNV
1174:VEEV
1164:WEEV
1154:EEEV
1124:ZIKV
1071:USUV
1061:SLEV
1050:KUNV
1045:MVEV
1003:RVFV
993:NRIV
983:BUNV
962:TAHV
952:LACV
927:BWAV
917:BATV
770:MeSH
718:PMID
648:PMID
610:PMID
550:PMID
509:PMID
482:PMID
438:PMID
412:link
394:PMID
359:PMID
203:and
187:and
156:and
53:and
43:HFRS
1889:NiV
1884:HeV
1852:LBV
1752:Bat
1714:SNV
1219:RRV
1112:YFV
1082:WNV
1033:JEV
937:CEV
755:ICD
708:PMC
700:doi
640:doi
600:doi
540:PMC
536:117
472:doi
386:doi
272:IgM
2110::
1584::
1365::
1337::
1313::
1283::
1148::
1093::
1026::
977::
911::
773::
762::
759:10
716:.
706:.
696:23
694:.
690:.
646:.
636:50
634:.
622:^
608:.
594:.
590:.
548:.
534:.
530:.
505:51
480:.
468:16
466:.
462:.
450:^
434:36
432:.
420:^
408:}}
404:{{
392:.
382:50
380:.
355:35
353:.
160:,
152:,
148:,
144:,
79:,
73:,
69:,
63:,
1302:)
1298:(
870:)
853:e
846:t
839:v
757:-
747:D
724:.
702::
675:.
654:.
642::
616:.
602::
596:8
556:.
515:.
488:.
474::
444:.
414:)
400:.
388::
365:.
207:.
41:(
20:)
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