2955:
2689:. Since independence, the government has been promoting English as the main language of Singapore. The bilingual education policy requires students to study two languages: English and a "mother tongue" corresponding to the student's ethnicity. Malay is only offered to non-Malay students as an optional third language in secondary schools. As a result, English has displaced Bazaar Malay as the common language among Singaporeans. Therefore, despite the status of Malay as the national language, the majority doesn't speak it as a first language.
756:
6519:
935:, standing on equal footing with the official language(s). Further, they may enjoy recognition as a language used in compulsory schooling and treasury money may be spent to teach or encourage adults in learning a language which is a minority language in a particular area to restore its understanding and spread its moral stories, rhymes, poems, phrases, songs, and other literary heritage which will promote
2131:, French, and German. Previously Luxembourgish had no official status, but following a constitutional revision a law was passed on 24 February 1984 making Luxembourgish the national language. Furthermore, this law recognised the three languages of Luxembourg (Luxembourgish, French and German) as administrative languages.
3004:
A majority (74%) of the population speaks German, while most of the remainder (21%) speak French, and minorities speak
Italian (4%) and Romansh (1%, not monolingually). German speakers are predominant in most of the country, while French speakers occupy the western parts near the border with France,
1613:
are the official working languages of
Ethiopia. But courts, and legislations work in Amharic and the constitution of the country is written in Amharic in an official capacity. And in day-to-day basis, Amharic is used to issue driving licenses and report tax income, making it not a national language
930:
are officially used, promoted, or expressly allowed to be promoted (usually taught in schools and written in important publications) as semi-official languages whether by long-term legislation or short-term, case-by-case executive (government) measures. To be official, spoken and written languages
1511:
were each proposed as the basis for a national language for China. In the beginning, there were attempts to introduce elements from other
Chinese varieties into the national language in addition to those from the Beijing dialect; this was reflected in the first official dictionary of the national
1644:
children with a third language as mother tongue) and a language test is a prerequisite for governmental offices where a university degree is required. The constitution also grants the Sami and the Roma peoples the right to maintain and develop their languages: The Sami have partial right to use
1643:
guarantees the right to use
Finnish and Swedish in courts and other state institutions. Despite the large difference in the numbers of users, Swedish is not officially classified as a minority language but equal to Finnish. Both national languages are compulsory subjects in school (except for
1460:. During successive imperial dynasties, the spoken language of the capital city served as the official spoken language and was used across the country by government officials who traveled to communicate with one another. Dialects used for this purpose in different eras included those of
2441:, and arrangements shall be made for its being used for official and other purposes within fifteen years from the commencing day." Although Urdu has been declared an official language, so far all government documents, legislation, legal orders, and other official records are written in
2478:, as the national language. It also designated both Filipino and English as the official languages for purposes of communication and instruction, and designated the regional languages as auxiliary official languages in the regions to serve as auxiliary media of instruction therein.
3369:
the only official language. However a few words of Manx Gaelic (the historical national language) are sometimes encountered in government institutions, largely for symbolic and ceremonial purposes, and it is the main medium of instruction in one primary school.
1528:, literally "national language"). But this artificial language had no native speakers and was difficult to learn, so it was abandoned in 1924. Ultimately, the Beijing dialect was chosen as the national language and it continued to be referred to as
920:, but their languages may be sufficiently distinct and well-preserved to be national languages. Some languages may be recognized popularly as "national languages", while others may enjoy official recognition in use or promotion.
1790:
are in Hindi with Region A and Region B states and in
English with Region C states. State governments use their own native languages in official communications. They may adopt one or more of the 22 languages listed in the
1913:. Indonesia has more than 700 living languages, making it the second most linguistically diverse country after Papua New Guinea. These 700+ languages, however, are without official status, and some are in danger of
1286:). Depending on one's views of what constitutes a "nation", these two languages may be considered two equal national languages of the nation of Canada, or the national languages of two nations within one state,
2214:, which are each spoken by more or less sizeable portions of the population and are considered Namibia's cultural heritage. All national languages have the rights of a minority language and may even serve as a
4821:
3126:
is also known by 63.6% of the population. It is used extensively in its written and spoken form in administration, education, and business environments. Berber minorities in the south-west and on
831:
in the territory of a country may be referred to informally or designated in legislation as national languages of the country. National languages are mentioned in over 150 world constitutions.
1757:
has stated that while a majority of people in India have accepted Hindi as a national language, there is no official record or order declaring Hindi as the national language of the country.
3762:
1563:
language is the official language of
Croatia. "The Croatian language and the Latin script shall be in official use in the Republic of Croatia" in Article 12 of the Croatian Constitution.
3357:) is legally tasked with ensuring that, "in the conduct of public business and the administration of justice, the English and Welsh languages should be treated on a basis of equality".
2081:, etc.) have any explicit legal status on the national level, but the 2010 constitution enjoins the state to "promote and protect the diversity of language of the people of Kenya."
3790:
3893:
4022:
1711:. While French is the language used in the media, government and education, 90–95% of the country speak Haitian Creole as the home language while French is learned in school.
4714:
Translation by the
University of Bern: "Tunisia is a free State, independent and sovereign; its religion is the Islam, its language is Arabic, and its form is the Republic."
1495:. In order to promote a sense of national unity and enhance the efficiency of communications within the nation, the government decided to designate a national language. The
1129:
national language. A considerable proportion of first and second generation migrants are bilingual. According to
Ethnologue, 81% of people spoke English at home, including
5481:
691:
4458:
1545:
dialects spoken in the northern parts of China, and the vocabulary of modern vernacular
Chinese literature. The People's Republic of China renamed the national language
1534:
in
Chinese in the Republic of China. Since then, the Beijing dialect has become the main standard for pronunciation, due to its prestigious status during the preceding
2660:. Although English is the primary language of business, government, and education, Malay is designated as the national language. This is due the recognition of ethnic
1406:
peoples; a number of First Nations and Inuit homelands at the Indigenous government level legislate their language as an official language of the Nation, such as the
3225:
outside England have national languages of their own with varying degrees of recognition, which coexist with the dominant English language. Britain also has several
4341:
1541:
Still, elements from other dialects do exist in the standard language, which is now defined as reflecting the pronunciation of Beijing, the grammatical patterns of
6569:
3021:
A national language in Taiwan is legally defined as "a natural language used by an original people group of Taiwan and the Taiwan Sign Language". This includes
4742:
4193:
2426:
956:
4298:
2516:
is designated as the "national sign language of the Filipino deaf" as well as the official sign language for transactions of the Philippine government.
2275:
is the official language in the federal government of Nepal. Over 123 languages are spoken in Nepal, all of which are granted constitutional status as
2154:
952:
3280:
4794:
4121:
931:
may enjoy government or federalised use, major tax-funded promotion or at least full tolerance as to their teaching and employers' recognition in
3965:
3797:
3769:
786:
1184:
national language of the country. Establishing Bengali as a national language was one of the key reason for the independence of Bangladesh.
4691:
1796:
4866:
3118:. However, it is not the mother tongue of the population. Therefore, it is not often used to communicate between Tunisian people, instead
4268:
4246:
3897:
1956:
as the national language and first official language of Ireland, and the English language is recognised as a second official language.
1133:
speakers. Other languages spoken at home included Chinese 2.9%, Italian 1.2%, Arabic 1.1%, Greek 1%, Vietnamese 0.9% and Spanish 0.4%.
912:" are best understood as two concepts or legal categories with ranges of meaning that may coincide, or may be intentionally separate.
6007:
1914:
6539:
3325:
related to but separate from English, has no official status but is recognized as a minority language, and is the language of much
837:, with particular reference to India, suggests that there are "four quite distinctive meanings" for national language in a polity:
1593:. The country is composed of at least 80 different ethnic nationalities. Its people altogether speak over 80 different languages.
5939:
4088:
4055:
1219:
4468:
3598:
Wolff, H. Ekkehard "African Languages: An Introduction Ch./Art: Language and Society p. 321 pub. Cambridge University Press 2000
1387:. As these official languages are legislated at a territorial (sub-federal) level, they can be construed as national languages.
6544:
3627:
1140:
prior to the arrival of Europeans. Only about 70 of these languages have survived and all but 30 of these are now endangered.
1059:), and is spoken (without official recognition or status) in territories in Spain (the Catalan-Aragonese borderlands known as
4923:
3662:
3540:, the Spanish language is the only one used in the wording of laws, decrees, resolutions, official documents and public acts.
2998:
2962:
2889:
1551:(Pinyin: Pǔtōnghuà, literally "common speech"), without otherwise changing the definition of the standard national language.
4888:
6564:
6465:
4389:
3623:
3396:
2509:. This move aims to protect and revitalize the use of Ilocano in various government and civil affairs within the province.
4313:
5944:
5531:
3510:
3301:
2065:
are official languages, Swahili also has a special status as national language. None of the country's biggest languages (
1765:
5924:
5919:
5900:
5895:
5882:
3560:
3250:
17:
3691:
5350:
3637:
3421:) is the national language only in an informal sense, by numbers and by historical and contemporary association. The
1732:. Icelandic is the language used in the media, government and education, 98% of the country speak Icelandic at home.
1492:
779:
535:
3233:
which are to some extent self-governing, but are not recognized as independent states. Many of these have their own
2031:(scholars, writers, poets, philosophers, scientists, composers and artists) who contributed to what is nowadays the
5993:
5949:
5929:
3092:, which were spoken by few of the island population at the time, to be the "national language". Today however, the
2682:
2158:
4753:
4569:
5988:
5908:
3852:
3196:
3077:
2044:
5486:
3299:
is a minority language spoken by 57,375 people (1.1% of the Scottish population aged over three years old). The
696:
6118:
5954:
5421:
5160:
3408:
2501:
became the first province in Philippine history to pass an ordinance proclaiming a local language. It declared
1267:
76:
2015:
is also referred to as national language for historical and cultural reasons, because since the 15th century,
6031:
5978:
5968:
5934:
5121:
3991:
3436:
by a Representative or a Senator to try to establish English as the official language of the United States.
4417:
3230:
2686:
2616:
2482:
2475:
2458:
1477:
1391:
772:
3266:
2524:
Article 27 of the Constitution states: "Polish shall be the official language in the Republic of Poland".
1430:
is spoken across central Canada, and Inuktitut is spoken across the Arctic, northern Quebec and Labrador.
6083:
5983:
5778:
5658:
5426:
4800:
4544:
3122:
plays these roles and is the national language of Tunisia. Furthermore, even without an official status,
2808:
2446:
641:
561:
6559:
6554:
6549:
6509:
6001:
5973:
4638:
3422:
3350:
3045:
2913:
2582:
1787:
1304:
the language of the Quebec nation and is that province's official language (and recognized minority in
1105:
is a separate branch in the linguistic family of Indo-European languages. Armenian is widely spoken in
728:
626:
3878:
3456:
national language for many years, but it was not until Decree No. 5 of the 2013 constitution that the
6049:
5763:
5371:
5314:
5300:
5273:
5205:
5081:
4916:
4225:
3504:
2757:
2736:
2665:
2396:
2374:
1313:
1227:
455:
387:
268:
3969:
380:
6138:
5116:
5111:
2973:
2966:
2513:
1068:
310:
305:
1407:
6020:
6012:
5857:
5524:
5319:
4430:
3005:
and the Italian speakers are situated to the south near the border with Italy, mostly within the
2885:
2761:
2612:
2188:
is the national language of Malta. It is also the official language of the island, together with
2122:
1953:
1640:
1395:
1223:
1160:
899:
509:
4781:
4698:
6258:
6158:
5601:
5416:
5150:
4843:
4122:"Supreme Court Objects to Use of Hindi in Proceedings, Reiterates English as Official Language"
3515:
3433:
3354:
3322:
3115:
2933:
2628:
2494:
2098:
1904:
1888:
1772:
1761:
1254:
1192:
1137:
616:
606:
4515:"Russian as the National Language: An Overview of Language Planning in the Russian Federation"
4276:
4169:"CONSTITUTIONAL PROVISIONS | Department of Official Language | Ministry of Home Affairs | GoI"
3952:
6283:
6068:
5962:
5569:
5446:
5324:
5227:
5222:
5138:
5086:
5037:
4663:
4242:
3652:
3306:
3258:
3254:
2954:
2753:
2724:
2710:
2581:
and had federal official status, but 27 other languages are considered official in different
2420:
2350:
2140:
1792:
1750:
1584:
1403:
1376:
1356:
827:. The term is applied quite differently in various contexts. One or more languages spoken as
808:
666:
409:
404:
330:
273:
224:
6496:
6420:
6328:
6153:
6036:
5788:
5758:
5753:
5591:
5586:
5579:
5391:
5309:
5283:
5268:
5232:
5133:
5101:
5059:
5042:
4909:
4147:
3178:
3105:
2876:
or Castilian, but there are four other languages that are co-official in some territories:
2795:
The South African constitution further explicitly supports the promotion of the indigenous
2649:
2490:
2390:
2201:
2035:. Furthermore, Italian was often an official language of the various Italian states before
1944:
1892:
1725:
1720:
1672:
1623:
1457:
1348:
1341:
1337:
1148:
591:
499:
460:
450:
414:
375:
325:
288:
246:
229:
202:
101:
51:
2039:, slowly replacing Latin, even when ruled by foreign powers (such as the Spaniards in the
8:
6460:
6363:
6358:
6245:
6163:
5783:
5574:
5466:
5249:
5237:
5175:
5022:
4986:
4463:
4213:
4209:
3474:
3457:
3449:
3399:. Revival of the Cornish language and some recognition has occurred in the 20th century.
3326:
3160:
3139:
2828:
2661:
2594:
2568:
2532:
2366:
2235:
1965:
1910:
1783:
1779:
1447:
1297:
1258:
1052:
924:
713:
676:
671:
656:
465:
419:
340:
209:
4490:
1973:
was identified as the national language of the State of Israel with the adoption of the
6343:
6303:
6298:
6203:
6143:
6088:
5773:
5668:
5621:
5596:
5564:
5517:
5185:
5155:
5143:
5106:
5076:
5064:
5047:
5027:
4526:
4329:
4198:
4168:
3744:
3736:
3226:
3030:
3022:
2864:
2669:
2267:
2169:
2056:
1990:
1786:
proceedings and texts of federal laws. Communications between the Union Government and
1754:
1741:
1698:
1439:
1372:
1238:
982:
631:
504:
443:
438:
360:
345:
334:
293:
263:
251:
234:
214:
184:
3939:
3763:"Amendments XXVII-LIV to the Constitution of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina"
3707:""A Place Insufficiently Imagined": Language, Belief, and the Pakistan Crisis of 1971"
6425:
6338:
6323:
6308:
6268:
6263:
6253:
6073:
6063:
5793:
5451:
5411:
5396:
5386:
5355:
5254:
5210:
5200:
5180:
5091:
5069:
5054:
5032:
5006:
4976:
4545:"Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996 - Chapter 1: Founding Provisions"
4096:
4063:
4030:
3748:
3728:
3658:
3633:
3494:
3489:
3484:
3426:
3310:
3276:
3234:
3069:
3065:
3034:
3010:
2877:
2820:
2804:
2745:
2641:
2556:
2548:
2506:
2471:
2463:
2442:
2334:
2318:
2078:
2040:
1974:
1930:
1918:
1836:
1828:
1816:
1800:
1678:
1602:
1560:
1484:
1203:
1118:
1102:
966:
927:
917:
909:
903:
879:
853:
611:
596:
571:
426:
392:
370:
278:
256:
241:
219:
151:
121:
39:
35:
2370:
1749:
and English are the official languages in India, according to Article 343(1) of the
1367:, with N.W.T. also have a further seven more (totalling eleven official languages):
6523:
6395:
6390:
6273:
5832:
5815:
5805:
5701:
5476:
5456:
5381:
5334:
5329:
5190:
4951:
4205:
3718:
3499:
3418:
3392:
3353:, is spoken by 562,000 people, or 19% of the population. The Welsh Language Board (
3272:
3262:
3246:
3202:
3144:
3089:
3085:
3006:
2994:
2990:
2939:
2905:
2897:
2873:
2716:
2645:
2637:
2600:
2574:
2502:
2326:
2189:
2185:
2110:
2062:
2032:
2016:
2012:
1996:
1868:
1860:
1844:
1832:
1804:
1636:
1632:
1594:
1590:
1542:
1500:
1443:
1275:
1271:
1207:
1199:
1165:
1090:
1056:
1044:
1025:
1017:
932:
913:
681:
581:
566:
556:
519:
514:
365:
91:
4434:
3429:, although the constitution is written in English, as is all federal legislation.
3261:
as "part of the cultural wealth of the island of Ireland" and are promoted by the
6430:
6376:
6348:
6288:
6223:
6178:
6113:
5847:
5842:
5820:
5748:
5441:
5170:
5165:
5128:
5096:
5001:
4946:
4317:
3479:
3296:
3206:
3123:
3119:
3026:
2986:
2982:
2917:
2881:
2836:
2812:
2777:
2773:
2698:
2408:
2322:
2302:
2298:
2272:
2255:
2231:
2219:
2106:
2102:
2094:
2066:
1978:
1970:
1880:
1872:
1852:
1848:
1708:
1689:, with over 95% of the country's population speaking it as their first language.
1686:
1656:
1606:
1496:
1427:
1384:
1380:
1283:
1279:
1218:. It is officially defined under the three names, corresponding to the country's
1130:
1029:
1006:
936:
760:
686:
586:
355:
350:
315:
283:
146:
96:
86:
81:
31:
4005:
3829:
3585:
Brann, C.M.B. 1994. "The National Language Question: Concepts and Terminology."
2449:
is an organization established to make arrangements to promote Urdu since 1979.
1411:
1032:
has no official status but is widely used in education, business and the media.
6455:
6445:
6415:
6353:
6333:
6278:
5867:
5837:
5696:
5663:
5616:
5611:
5606:
5498:
5471:
5406:
5401:
4996:
4375:
4353:
Bruno Migliorini, (1960). Storia della lingua italiana. 1st ed. Italy: Sansoni.
4310:
3919:
3342:
3318:
3284:
3218:
3214:
2943:
2832:
2816:
2785:
2781:
2769:
2765:
2657:
2653:
2604:
2400:
2330:
2310:
2294:
2251:
2239:
2146:
2074:
1949:
1895:
in some states use other languages spoken in the state in addition to English.
1876:
1812:
1704:
1645:
1598:
1572:
1317:
1287:
1215:
974:
828:
576:
298:
136:
3096:
recognises languages of all people groups of Taiwan to be national languages.
2192:. Maltese only is recognised as "national" in Chapter 1 of the Laws of Malta.
6533:
6435:
6400:
6193:
6133:
6108:
6103:
5872:
5827:
5721:
5648:
5628:
5278:
4991:
4966:
4961:
4956:
4100:
4067:
4034:
3732:
3414:
3127:
3038:
2921:
2800:
2789:
2677:
2404:
2378:
2306:
2243:
2128:
2020:
1856:
1808:
1610:
1423:
1368:
1325:
1301:
1291:
601:
492:
131:
111:
106:
3564:
2474:, which is based on Tagalog with the inclusion of terms from all recognized
1047:; moreover Catalan is an official language in several territories in Spain (
6470:
6410:
6293:
6235:
6228:
6183:
6123:
6054:
5862:
5852:
5800:
5738:
5726:
5716:
5706:
5691:
5643:
5559:
5461:
5376:
4971:
4616:
3330:
3222:
2741:
2247:
2036:
1981:
recognized as a language with "special status" used in state institutions.
1535:
1415:
1122:
834:
723:
551:
174:
141:
116:
4595:
2399:), Nigeria recognizes three 'majority', or national, languages. These are
6405:
6213:
6198:
6173:
6098:
5768:
5743:
5733:
5711:
5638:
5431:
4932:
4724:
2978:
2959:
2486:
2467:
2362:
2070:
1508:
1364:
1333:
940:
646:
636:
475:
59:
4530:
4514:
2353:
is also spoken and is recognized as the second official language there.
755:
6480:
6475:
6450:
6385:
6318:
6208:
5653:
5493:
3740:
3073:
2373:. Both these languages have official status in the country, along with
2293:
also simply means 'national language'). Some of the languages include:
1488:
1419:
1169:
998:
986:
740:
708:
661:
320:
189:
179:
169:
3831:
General Information of the People's Republic of China (PRC): Languages
3681:(17th ed.). Dallas, TX: Summer Institute of Linguistics International.
2345:
Dutch is the official language of The Netherlands. In the province of
6440:
6313:
6218:
5810:
5683:
5540:
5288:
5195:
3817:
3610:
3469:
2997:, all of which have official status at the national level within the
2901:
2749:
2633:
2346:
2227:
2223:
2101:
is used for official purposes, while the everyday spoken language is
1840:
1504:
1360:
1064:
1060:
1048:
621:
4023:"Hindi is a foreign language for Gujaratis, says Gujarat high court"
3723:
3706:
3395:. By 1800, Cornish was endangered with some debate about a mythical
6518:
6128:
6093:
5436:
5259:
3388:
3314:
2909:
2852:
2720:
2536:
2498:
2434:
2173:
2150:
2028:
2004:
1935:
Persian (or Farsi) is recognised as the national language of Iran.
1864:
1764:
S.J. Mukhopadhaya and Justice A.S. Dave recently while rejecting a
1461:
1321:
1309:
1242:
1180:
1085:
816:
804:
735:
718:
651:
431:
3926:
3677:
Lewis, M. Paul; Simons, Gary F.; Fennig, Charles D., eds. (2014).
6148:
6078:
5295:
5215:
3536:
3445:
3309:
is tasked with "securing the status of the Gaelic language as an
3184:
3111:
2893:
2552:
2207:
2090:
2000:
1824:
1729:
1682:
1628:
1473:
1469:
1465:
1352:
1305:
1174:
1106:
1072:
1040:
1021:
970:
820:
812:
470:
397:
4596:"The Federal Constitution of the Swiss Confederation, article 4"
2287:), officially translated as 'languages of the nation' (the word
1663:, according to Article 2 of the French Republic's constitution.
1344:
dialects differ substantially from other Canadian English ones.
5633:
5242:
3894:"One to five: Ethiopia gets four new federal working languages"
3166:
3148:
3081:
2848:
2844:
2608:
2578:
2314:
1660:
1519:
1351:; two legislate a variety of Indigenous languages in addition.
1329:
1263:
1002:
990:
989:
linguistic minority. Albanian is also the national language of
978:
824:
703:
485:
480:
68:
4901:
4617:"Diversité des langues et compétences linguistiques en Suisse"
3791:"Amendments LXXI-XCII to the Constitution of Republika Srpska"
6168:
5673:
3346:
2869:
2824:
2206:
Although English is the only nationwide official language in
2024:
2008:
1820:
1746:
1453:
1399:
994:
5509:
2288:
2282:
2276:
5554:
4418:
Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria : 1999
4194:"There's no national language in India: Gujarat High Court"
2840:
2796:
2438:
2218:
in certain regions. Among Namibia's national languages are
1884:
2369:, the language of the indigenous Polynesian people is the
1782:
uses Hindi and English as official languages, such as for
1775:
uses English in its proceedings and objects to use Hindi.
1575:
language is the national language of the Czech Republic.
874:) used by government and perhaps having a symbolic value.
3632:, Clevedon, Avon: Multilingual Matters, pp. 38–41,
4775:
4450:
2445:. Most higher education instruction is in English. The
4362:
3305:
gives the language a limited official status, and the
1426:
is spoken (with variations) from Alberta to Labrador,
943:
where another, non-indigenous language is deprecated.
6507:
4799:, Office of Public Sector Information, archived from
4431:"PART XII (contd); Miscellaneous; Chapter 4. General"
4218:
4089:"Hindi, is not the national language of India: Court"
3940:"FINLEX ® – Ajantasainen lainsäädäntö: 11.6.1999/731"
3432:
Since 1973, every year, a bill was introduced to the
1005:. It is a co-official but not a national language of
893:
4436:
The Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan
3966:"Legifrance - Le service public de l'accés au droit"
3217:
and is the sole language of an estimated 95% of the
2843:; and languages used for religious purposes such as
4822:"2011 Census: Key Statistics for Wales, March 2011"
3853:"Croatian declared official language 174 years ago"
3460:was officially described as the National Language.
3317:commanding equal respect to the English language".
2681:among the different ethnic groups in Singapore was
1909:The official and national language of Indonesia is
957:
List of official languages by country and territory
3391:. Historically, the main language of Cornwall was
3360:
1394:, which are the national languages of one or more
953:List of linguistic rights in African constitutions
890:and a national language is separately designated.
4512:
3629:English in Wales: Diversity, Conflict, and Change
3281:Identity and Language (Northern Ireland) Act 2022
27:Language with de jure or de facto national status
6531:
3818:Constitution of the Republic Bulgaria, article 3
3048:(1895 to 1945), the "national language movement"
1648:in official situations according to other laws.
3057:
3009:. The Romansh speakers are concentrated in the
2470:. The current 1987 constitution designated the
1230:alphabets both have official and equal status.
939:(where other languages remain) or will promote
6570:Countries and territories by official language
3798:High Representative for Bosnia and Herzegovina
3770:High Representative for Bosnia and Herzegovina
3051:
2411:, each with some 20 million speakers or more.
1760:The observation was made by division bench of
5525:
4917:
1546:
1529:
1523:
1513:
780:
1891:uses English as its sole official language;
863:"Language-in-common or community language" (
4342:Lingua nazionale: le ragioni del fiorentino
3657:. Oxford Business Group. 2008. p. 10.
3183:Ukrainian is the only official language of
1456:, with most people speaking one of several
5532:
5518:
4924:
4910:
4456:
4186:
4081:
3511:Anti-Hindi agitations of Tamil Nadu, India
2872:has one national constitutional language,
2127:Luxembourg uses three official languages:
1136:There were almost 400 languages spoken by
787:
773:
4570:"What Languages Are Spoken In Sri Lanka?"
4243:"What countries have the most languages?"
3722:
3704:
2946:are the national languages of Sri Lanka.
1614:but official language of the government.
1187:
4745:La Francophonie dans le monde. 2006-2007
3621:
3269:(the Ulster-Scots Agency) respectively.
2953:
1151:is the national language in Azerbaijan.
916:are not in the position to legislate an
4743:"Christian Valantin (sous la dir. de),
4639:"Switzerland's Four National Languages"
4519:Russian Language Journal / Русский Язык
4056:"Hindi, not a national language: Court"
3608:20 Year Strategy for the Irish Language
3507:in former East Pakistan, now Bangladesh
3130:also use the Tunisian Chelha language.
2433:, specifies: "The National language of
1452:There are many languages spoken across
923:In many African countries, some or all
886:), several languages are designated as
878:The last is usually given the title of
14:
6532:
4492:Constitution of the Republic of Poland
4208:are used for official purposes by the
3387:main language spoken in the county of
2967:four national languages of Switzerland
2701:is the national language of Slovakia.
5513:
4905:
4848:, Office of Public Sector Information
4784:, Table QS211SC. Viewed 30 May 2014.
3287:official status in Northern Ireland.
2999:Federal administration of Switzerland
2489:and almost all of them belong to the
2097:is the "official national" language.
1589:Amharic was the national language in
985:serves as a national language of the
946:
4867:"All legislation matching 'H.R.997'"
4684:
4459:"Iloko La Union's official language"
4231:. National Portal. 26 November 1949.
3397:last speaker of the Cornish language
2497:language family. In September 2012,
1359:(N.W.T.) have as official languages
4796:Gaelic Language (Scotland) Act 2005
4525:. Russian Language Journal: 25–36.
4249:from the original on 20 August 2020
4235:
3984:
3692:"2011 Census QuickStats: Australia"
3302:Gaelic Language (Scotland) Act 2005
3240:
1491:(Chinese nationalists) founded the
1347:English and French are official in
1093:, spoken by almost all Argentines.
24:
4245:. SIL International. 22 May 2019.
4006:"CHAPTER I.—LANGUAGE OF THE UNION"
3891:
3679:Ethnologue: Languages of the World
3611:http://www.plean2028.ie/en/node/14
3373:
3094:National languages development act
2381:in the world to have such status.
2340:
2238:, as well as the languages of the
1524:
894:Official versus national languages
25:
6581:
5351:List of nationalist organizations
4747:, éd. Nathan, Paris, 2007, p. 16"
4697:. 26 January 2014. Archived from
4692:"Tunisia Constitution, Article 1"
3705:Oldenburg, Philip (August 1985).
3190:
2577:is the only national language of
2535:is the sole official language of
1659:is the sole official language of
1566:
1241:is the sole official language in
536:List of nationalist organizations
6517:
4457:Elias, Jun (19 September 2012).
3927:International Constitutional Law
3425:does not explicitly declare any
3402:
2466:is the national language of the
2176:per the Maldivian constitution.
2159:Federal Constitution of Malaysia
2113:are also widespread in Lebanon.
2019:became the language used in the
1917:. The largest local language is
1631:has two national languages: the
1266:'s official languages since the
1168:, the sole official language of
1063:and the Murcian municipality of
977:is the national language of the
883:
754:
6540:Promotion of national languages
4931:
4881:
4859:
4836:
4814:
4787:
4735:
4717:
4656:
4636:
4630:
4609:
4588:
4562:
4537:
4506:
4483:
4423:
4410:
4382:
4368:
4356:
4347:
4335:
4323:
4304:
4291:
4273:UCLA Language Materials Project
4261:
4161:
4148:"Official Language Rules, 1976"
4140:
4114:
4048:
4015:
3998:
3958:
3946:
3932:
3912:
3885:
3871:
3845:
3822:
3811:
3783:
3755:
3698:
3361:Crown Dependencies: Isle of Man
3197:Languages of the United Kingdom
2730:
1768:(PIL) by one Suresh Kachhadia.
1703:Haiti's official languages are
1478:other historical capital cities
1198:has three national languages -
5422:Historiography and nationalism
4376:"ICL - Lebanon - Constitution"
3684:
3671:
3645:
3626:, in Coupland, Nikolas (ed.),
3615:
3601:
3592:
3579:
3553:
3528:
3409:Languages of the United States
3151:per the Turkish constitution.
2949:
2811:; community languages such as
2607:) is the national language of
2452:
2356:
2027:and in general among educated
1547:
1530:
1514:
1392:Indigenous languages of Canada
1268:Official Languages Act of 1969
1028:is also an official language.
981:, predominately in the south.
627:Historiography and nationalism
77:Nationalism in the Middle Ages
13:
1:
6545:Language varieties and styles
5539:
5122:Palingenetic ultranationalism
3968:. 4 June 2011. Archived from
3953:Decree on the Sami Parliament
3896:. Africa News. Archived from
3547:
3534:Though not declared official
3110:The official language of the
2981:has four national languages:
2636:has four official languages:
2427:1973 Constitution of Pakistan
2116:
1324:, is an official language of
1154:
1143:
719:Seasonal or cultural festival
4889:"Toàn văn Hiến pháp sửa đổi"
3955:FINLEX. Access date: 3 July.
3711:The Journal of Asian Studies
3624:"The Anglicisation of Wales"
3147:is the national language of
3068:. After their defeat in the
2927:
2719:is the national language of
2622:
2476:languages of the Philippines
2459:Languages of the Philippines
2172:is the national language of
2149:is the national language of
1898:
1728:is the official language of
1328:(and recognized minority in
1112:
1109:as well as in its diaspora.
1078:
1020:is the national language in
969:is the national language of
7:
6565:Concepts in language policy
4752:(in French). Archived from
4390:"The Constitution of Nepal"
4226:"The Constitution of India"
3622:Williams, Colin H. (1990),
3463:
3378:
3345:has official status within
3290:
3080:retreated to the island of
3058:
2704:
2692:
2527:
2447:National Language Authority
2414:
2164:
2134:
2045:Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia
1578:
1320:, the national language of
1233:
1214:varieties of one language,
941:nationalist differentiation
867:) used throughout a country
815:) that has some connection—
562:Anti-globalization movement
10:
6586:
5901:Countries by ethnic groups
5896:Contemporary ethnic groups
5482:Principle of nationalities
4643:All-About-Switzerland.info
4513:Joan F. Chevalier (2006).
4311:Law 482, December 15, 1999
3879:"Croatia 1991 (rev. 2010)"
3439:
3423:United States Constitution
3406:
3329:, including the poetry of
3194:
3176:
3172:
3158:
3137:
3103:
3099:
2971:
2931:
2862:
2734:
2708:
2664:(approximately 14% of the
2626:
2592:
2583:Federal subjects of Russia
2566:
2542:
2456:
2418:
2395:Besides official English (
2388:
2384:
2377:, which is one of the few
2265:
2199:
2195:
2138:
2120:
2084:
2054:
2043:, or the Austrians in the
1988:
1963:
1942:
1938:
1928:
1902:
1766:Public Interest Litigation
1739:
1718:
1714:
1696:
1670:
1666:
1621:
1617:
1582:
1554:
1437:
1349:Canada's three territories
1252:
1158:
1096:
1035:
1012:
961:
950:
897:
692:Principle of nationalities
29:
6489:
6372:
6244:
6047:
5881:
5682:
5547:
5372:Anarchism and nationalism
5364:
5343:
5301:List of fascist movements
5082:Constitutional patriotism
5015:
4939:
4725:"Arabic, Tunisian Spoken"
4344:. accademiadellacrusca.it
3505:Bengali language movement
3321:, generally treated as a
3267:Tha Boord o Ulstèr-Scotch
3213:official language of the
3165:The national language of
3154:
3133:
3052:
3016:
2737:Languages of South Africa
2588:
2562:
2551:and national language of
2519:
2397:Nigerian Standard English
2375:New Zealand Sign Language
2283:
2023:of nearly every state in
1959:
1651:
1512:language, given the name
1390:Besides these there many
1314:Newfoundland and Labrador
1248:
908:"National language" and "
269:Constitutional patriotism
4869:. United States Congress
4664:
4095:. PTI. 25 January 2010.
3654:The Report: Algeria 2008
3521:
3336:
3084:, where they introduced
2974:Languages of Switzerland
2858:
2361:While the population of
2261:
2179:
2050:
1984:
1735:
1692:
1433:
1043:'s national language is
849:) of a particular people
841:"Territorial language" (
30:Not to be confused with
6013:Torres Strait Islanders
5858:Ethnopsychopharmacology
5602:In-group and out-groups
4845:Welsh Language Act 1993
4782:2011 Census of Scotland
2123:Languages of Luxembourg
1954:Constitution of Ireland
1924:
1641:Constitution of Finland
1161:Languages of Bangladesh
1125:with English being the
900:Linguistic prescription
882:. In some cases (e.g.,
6259:Cultural appropriation
6159:Lineage-bonded society
5417:Gender and nationalism
3921:Finland – Constitution
3516:Global language system
3434:United States Congress
3355:Bwrdd yr Iaith Gymraeg
3323:West Germanic language
3283:was passed which gave
3265:(Irish Institute) and
3257:are recognized by the
3221:population. The three
3116:Modern Standard Arabic
2969:
2963:Federal administration
2934:Languages of Sri Lanka
2629:Languages of Singapore
2514:Filipino Sign Language
2425:Article 251(1) of the
2289:
2277:
2099:Modern Standard Arabic
1905:Languages of Indonesia
1889:Supreme Court of India
1773:Supreme Court of India
1381:North and South Slavey
1255:Bilingualism in Canada
1193:Bosnia and Herzegovina
1188:Bosnia and Herzegovina
1138:Indigenous Australians
617:Gender and nationalism
6284:Ethnic interest group
6119:Ethnicity in censuses
6069:Cultural assimilation
5570:Ethnolinguistic group
5447:National indifference
4363:Constitution of Kenya
4299:Bunreacht na hÉireann
3259:Good Friday Agreement
3255:Ulster Scots dialects
2957:
2711:Languages of Slovenia
2421:Languages of Pakistan
2141:Languages of Malaysia
2007:official language of
1952:is recognised by the
1751:Constitution of India
1585:Languages of Ethiopia
1357:Northwest Territories
1089:official language is
845:, sometimes known as
667:National indifference
6497:Minzu (anthropology)
6466:Separatist movements
6329:Ethnographic village
6154:Legendary progenitor
5789:Transidioethnography
5592:Hyphenated ethnicity
5587:Ethnographic realism
5580:Ethnoreligious group
5392:Cultural nationalism
5284:National syndicalist
4759:on 10 September 2017
4397:Nepal Law Commission
4378:. 21 September 1990.
4365:Accessed 2010-10-28.
4279:on 23 September 2017
3892:Shaban, Abdurahman.
3279:until 2022 when the
3231:Overseas Territories
3179:Languages of Ukraine
3106:Languages of Tunisia
2650:Singaporean Mandarin
2391:Languages of Nigeria
2210:, there are also 20
2202:Languages of Namibia
1945:Languages of Ireland
1721:Languages of Iceland
1673:Languages of Germany
1624:Languages of Finland
1458:varieties of Chinese
1342:Newfoundland English
1338:Prince Edward Island
1149:Azerbaijani language
993:, parts of southern
870:"Central language" (
592:Cultural nationalism
461:National syndicalist
6364:Multinational state
6359:Model minority myth
6246:Multiethnic society
6164:Linguistic homeland
5575:Ethnonational group
5467:Nationalism studies
4893:Tin nhanh VnExpress
4803:on 7 September 2010
4464:The Philippine Star
4316:12 May 2015 at the
4128:. 16 September 2024
4062:. 25 January 2010.
3900:on 15 December 2020
3475:Indigenous language
3458:Vietnamese language
3450:Vietnamese language
3327:Scottish literature
3161:Languages of Uganda
3140:Languages of Turkey
3013:in the south-east.
2675:Traditionally, the
2595:Languages of Serbia
2569:Languages of Russia
2491:Philippine subgroup
2153:in accordance with
1966:Languages of Israel
1793:Indian constitution
1448:History of Mandarin
1298:Quebec nationalists
1259:Languages of Canada
1220:constituent nations
1069:Pyrénées Orientales
1053:Valencian Community
761:Politics portal
714:Right-wing populism
672:Nationalism studies
6344:Middleman minority
6304:Ethnic pornography
6299:Ethnic nationalism
6204:Pantribal sodality
6144:Imagined community
5669:Symbolic ethnicity
5597:Indigenous peoples
5565:Ethnographic group
4704:on 9 February 2014
4471:on 12 October 2013
4202:. 25 January 2010.
4199:The Times of India
4029:. 1 January 2012.
4027:The Times of India
3859:. 23 November 2021
3235:regional languages
3227:Crown Dependencies
3023:Formosan languages
2970:
2865:Languages of Spain
2746:official languages
2725:minority languages
2670:indigenous peoples
2617:minority languages
2485:are spoken in the
2268:Languages of Nepal
2212:national languages
2061:While English and
2057:Languages of Kenya
1991:Languages of Italy
1755:Gujarat High Court
1742:Languages of India
1699:Languages of Haiti
1440:Languages of China
947:National languages
632:Imagined community
466:National Bolshevik
185:Self-determination
18:National languages
6560:Linguistic rights
6555:Culture by region
6550:Politics by issue
6505:
6504:
6426:Ethnic stereotype
6339:Indigenous rights
6324:Ethnographic film
6309:Ethnic theme park
6269:Dominant minority
6264:Diaspora politics
6254:Consociationalism
6189:National language
6074:Cultural identity
6064:Cross-race effect
6008:Aboriginal groups
5507:
5506:
5452:National question
5412:Gastronationalism
5397:Diaspora politics
5387:Banal nationalism
5356:Nationalist Clubs
4206:English and Hindi
3664:978-1-902339-09-2
3561:"Jacques Leclerc"
3495:Official language
3490:Standard language
3485:Regional language
3427:official language
3311:official language
3277:official language
3078:Republic of China
3070:Chinese Civil War
3066:Japanese language
3035:Taiwanese Hokkien
3011:Canton of Grisons
2878:Galician language
2642:Singapore English
2611:, written in the
2557:Romanian language
2507:official language
2472:Filipino language
2443:Pakistani English
2431:National language
2365:is predominantly
2041:Kingdom of Naples
1975:Nation-State Bill
1931:Languages of Iran
1788:state governments
1505:Guangzhou dialect
1493:Republic of China
1485:Xinhai Revolution
1408:Nisg̱a’a language
1121:, but is largely
1119:official language
1117:Australia has no
1103:Armenian language
979:Greek communities
928:African languages
918:official language
914:Stateless nations
910:official language
904:Linguistic rights
880:official language
854:Regional language
801:national language
797:
796:
612:Gastronationalism
597:Diaspora politics
572:Banal nationalism
40:Regional language
36:Official language
16:(Redirected from
6577:
6522:
6521:
6513:
6396:Ethnic cleansing
6391:Ethnic bioweapon
6274:Ethnic democracy
5883:Groups by region
5833:Ethnomethodology
5816:Ethnomathematics
5806:Ethnolinguistics
5702:Ethnoarchaeology
5534:
5527:
5520:
5511:
5510:
5490:
5477:Plurinationalism
5457:National revival
5427:Internationalism
5382:Anti-nationalism
5365:Related concepts
4926:
4919:
4912:
4903:
4902:
4897:
4896:
4885:
4879:
4878:
4876:
4874:
4863:
4857:
4856:
4855:
4853:
4840:
4834:
4833:
4831:
4829:
4818:
4812:
4811:
4810:
4808:
4791:
4785:
4779:
4773:
4772:
4768:
4766:
4764:
4758:
4751:
4739:
4733:
4732:
4721:
4715:
4713:
4711:
4709:
4703:
4696:
4688:
4682:
4681:
4679:
4677:
4660:
4654:
4653:
4651:
4649:
4634:
4628:
4627:
4625:
4623:
4613:
4607:
4606:
4604:
4602:
4592:
4586:
4585:
4583:
4581:
4566:
4560:
4559:
4557:
4555:
4541:
4535:
4534:
4510:
4504:
4503:
4502:
4500:
4487:
4481:
4480:
4478:
4476:
4467:. Archived from
4454:
4448:
4447:
4446:
4444:
4439:, 14 August 1973
4427:
4421:
4414:
4408:
4407:
4405:
4403:
4394:
4386:
4380:
4379:
4372:
4366:
4360:
4354:
4351:
4345:
4339:
4333:
4332:. ethnologue.com
4330:Italian language
4327:
4321:
4308:
4302:
4295:
4289:
4288:
4286:
4284:
4275:. Archived from
4265:
4259:
4258:
4256:
4254:
4239:
4233:
4232:
4230:
4222:
4216:
4210:union government
4203:
4190:
4184:
4183:
4181:
4179:
4173:rajbhasha.nic.in
4165:
4159:
4158:
4156:
4154:
4144:
4138:
4137:
4135:
4133:
4118:
4112:
4111:
4109:
4107:
4085:
4079:
4078:
4076:
4074:
4052:
4046:
4045:
4043:
4041:
4019:
4013:
4012:
4010:
4002:
3996:
3995:
3988:
3982:
3981:
3979:
3977:
3962:
3956:
3950:
3944:
3943:
3936:
3930:
3924:
3916:
3910:
3909:
3907:
3905:
3889:
3883:
3882:
3875:
3869:
3868:
3866:
3864:
3849:
3843:
3842:
3841:
3839:
3834:, chinatoday.com
3826:
3820:
3815:
3809:
3808:
3806:
3804:
3795:
3787:
3781:
3780:
3778:
3776:
3767:
3759:
3753:
3752:
3726:
3702:
3696:
3695:
3688:
3682:
3675:
3669:
3668:
3649:
3643:
3642:
3619:
3613:
3605:
3599:
3596:
3590:
3583:
3577:
3576:
3574:
3572:
3563:. Archived from
3557:
3541:
3532:
3500:Working language
3419:American English
3349:, and as of the
3307:Bòrd na Gàidhlig
3263:Foras na Gaeilge
3247:Northern Ireland
3241:Northern Ireland
3203:English language
3090:English language
3086:Standard Chinese
3063:
3061:
3055:
3054:
3007:Canton of Ticino
2958:The logo of the
2940:Sinhala Language
2906:Balearic Islands
2898:Catalan language
2717:Slovene language
2685:, a Malay-based
2601:Serbian language
2575:Russian language
2367:English-speaking
2292:
2286:
2285:
2280:
2186:Maltese language
2033:culture of Italy
1997:Italian language
1780:Union Government
1637:Swedish language
1633:Finnish language
1591:Ethiopian Empire
1550:
1549:
1533:
1532:
1527:
1517:
1516:
1444:Standard Chinese
1428:Anishinaabemowin
1379:, Inuvialuktun,
1276:Canadian English
1071:) and in Italy (
1057:Balearic Islands
933:public education
809:language variant
789:
782:
775:
759:
758:
700:
682:Plurinationalism
642:Internationalism
582:Communitarianism
567:Anti-imperialism
557:Anti-nationalism
546:Related concepts
47:
46:
21:
6585:
6584:
6580:
6579:
6578:
6576:
6575:
6574:
6530:
6529:
6528:
6516:
6508:
6506:
6501:
6485:
6431:Ethnic violence
6379:
6377:ethnic conflict
6375:
6368:
6349:Minority rights
6289:Ethnic majority
6240:
6224:Detribalization
6179:Nation-building
6114:Ethnic religion
6057:
6053:
6043:
5950:Central America
5877:
5848:Ethnophilosophy
5843:Ethnomusicology
5821:Ethnostatistics
5779:Person-centered
5749:Autoethnography
5678:
5543:
5538:
5508:
5503:
5484:
5442:Nation-building
5360:
5339:
5011:
4935:
4930:
4900:
4887:
4886:
4882:
4872:
4870:
4865:
4864:
4860:
4851:
4849:
4842:
4841:
4837:
4827:
4825:
4820:
4819:
4815:
4806:
4804:
4793:
4792:
4788:
4780:
4776:
4770:
4762:
4760:
4756:
4749:
4741:
4740:
4736:
4723:
4722:
4718:
4707:
4705:
4701:
4694:
4690:
4689:
4685:
4675:
4673:
4666:
4662:
4661:
4657:
4647:
4645:
4637:Jud, Markus G.
4635:
4631:
4621:
4619:
4615:
4614:
4610:
4600:
4598:
4594:
4593:
4589:
4579:
4577:
4576:. 25 April 2017
4568:
4567:
4563:
4553:
4551:
4543:
4542:
4538:
4511:
4507:
4498:
4496:
4489:
4488:
4484:
4474:
4472:
4455:
4451:
4442:
4440:
4429:
4428:
4424:
4415:
4411:
4401:
4399:
4392:
4388:
4387:
4383:
4374:
4373:
4369:
4361:
4357:
4352:
4348:
4340:
4336:
4328:
4324:
4318:Wayback Machine
4309:
4305:
4296:
4292:
4282:
4280:
4267:
4266:
4262:
4252:
4250:
4241:
4240:
4236:
4228:
4224:
4223:
4219:
4192:
4191:
4187:
4177:
4175:
4167:
4166:
4162:
4152:
4150:
4146:
4145:
4141:
4131:
4129:
4120:
4119:
4115:
4105:
4103:
4087:
4086:
4082:
4072:
4070:
4054:
4053:
4049:
4039:
4037:
4021:
4020:
4016:
4008:
4004:
4003:
3999:
3992:"BBC Education"
3990:
3989:
3985:
3975:
3973:
3964:
3963:
3959:
3951:
3947:
3938:
3937:
3933:
3918:
3917:
3913:
3903:
3901:
3890:
3886:
3877:
3876:
3872:
3862:
3860:
3851:
3850:
3846:
3837:
3835:
3828:
3827:
3823:
3816:
3812:
3802:
3800:
3793:
3789:
3788:
3784:
3774:
3772:
3765:
3761:
3760:
3756:
3724:10.2307/2056443
3703:
3699:
3690:
3689:
3685:
3676:
3672:
3665:
3651:
3650:
3646:
3640:
3620:
3616:
3606:
3602:
3597:
3593:
3589:Vol 14: 125–134
3584:
3580:
3570:
3568:
3559:
3558:
3554:
3550:
3545:
3544:
3533:
3529:
3524:
3480:Language policy
3466:
3442:
3411:
3405:
3383:English is the
3381:
3376:
3374:English regions
3363:
3339:
3297:Scottish Gaelic
3293:
3243:
3207:British English
3199:
3193:
3181:
3175:
3163:
3157:
3142:
3136:
3120:Tunisian Arabic
3108:
3102:
3049:
3019:
2976:
2952:
2936:
2930:
2867:
2861:
2739:
2733:
2713:
2707:
2699:Slovak language
2695:
2631:
2625:
2615:. There are 15
2613:Cyrillic script
2597:
2591:
2571:
2565:
2545:
2530:
2522:
2461:
2455:
2423:
2417:
2393:
2387:
2359:
2343:
2341:The Netherlands
2270:
2264:
2204:
2198:
2182:
2167:
2143:
2137:
2125:
2119:
2103:Lebanese Arabic
2095:Arabic language
2087:
2059:
2053:
1993:
1987:
1968:
1962:
1947:
1941:
1933:
1927:
1907:
1901:
1797:eighth schedule
1744:
1738:
1723:
1717:
1701:
1695:
1675:
1669:
1654:
1626:
1620:
1587:
1581:
1569:
1557:
1497:Beijing dialect
1450:
1436:
1284:Canadian French
1261:
1253:Main articles:
1251:
1236:
1190:
1163:
1157:
1146:
1115:
1099:
1081:
1038:
1015:
1007:North Macedonia
964:
959:
949:
937:social cohesion
906:
896:
884:the Philippines
829:first languages
793:
753:
746:
745:
694:
587:Cosmopolitanism
547:
539:
538:
533:
525:
524:
205:
195:
194:
165:
157:
156:
72:
43:
32:Nation language
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6583:
6573:
6572:
6567:
6562:
6557:
6552:
6547:
6542:
6527:
6526:
6503:
6502:
6500:
6499:
6493:
6491:
6487:
6486:
6484:
6483:
6478:
6473:
6468:
6463:
6458:
6456:Indigenization
6453:
6448:
6446:Ethnosymbolism
6443:
6438:
6433:
6428:
6423:
6418:
6416:Ethnic penalty
6413:
6408:
6403:
6398:
6393:
6388:
6382:
6380:
6373:
6370:
6369:
6367:
6366:
6361:
6356:
6354:Model minority
6351:
6346:
6341:
6336:
6334:Ethnopluralism
6331:
6326:
6321:
6316:
6311:
6306:
6301:
6296:
6291:
6286:
6281:
6279:Ethnic enclave
6276:
6271:
6266:
6261:
6256:
6250:
6248:
6242:
6241:
6239:
6238:
6233:
6232:
6231:
6226:
6216:
6211:
6206:
6201:
6196:
6191:
6186:
6181:
6176:
6171:
6166:
6161:
6156:
6151:
6146:
6141:
6136:
6131:
6126:
6121:
6116:
6111:
6106:
6101:
6096:
6091:
6086:
6081:
6076:
6071:
6066:
6060:
6058:
6048:
6045:
6044:
6042:
6041:
6040:
6039:
6034:
6024:
6017:
6016:
6015:
6010:
5998:
5997:
5996:
5991:
5989:Southeast Asia
5986:
5981:
5976:
5971:
5959:
5958:
5957:
5952:
5947:
5942:
5937:
5932:
5927:
5922:
5912:
5905:
5904:
5903:
5898:
5887:
5885:
5879:
5878:
5876:
5875:
5870:
5868:Ethnosemiotics
5865:
5860:
5855:
5850:
5845:
5840:
5838:Ethnomuseology
5835:
5830:
5825:
5824:
5823:
5813:
5808:
5803:
5798:
5797:
5796:
5791:
5786:
5781:
5776:
5771:
5766:
5761:
5756:
5751:
5741:
5736:
5731:
5730:
5729:
5724:
5719:
5714:
5704:
5699:
5697:Ethnic studies
5694:
5688:
5686:
5680:
5679:
5677:
5676:
5671:
5666:
5664:Supraethnicity
5661:
5656:
5651:
5646:
5641:
5636:
5631:
5626:
5625:
5624:
5617:Minority group
5614:
5612:Metroethnicity
5609:
5607:Meta-ethnicity
5604:
5599:
5594:
5589:
5584:
5583:
5582:
5577:
5572:
5567:
5557:
5551:
5549:
5545:
5544:
5537:
5536:
5529:
5522:
5514:
5505:
5504:
5502:
5501:
5499:State-building
5496:
5491:
5479:
5474:
5472:Natural border
5469:
5464:
5459:
5454:
5449:
5444:
5439:
5434:
5429:
5424:
5419:
5414:
5409:
5407:Exceptionalism
5404:
5402:Eliminationism
5399:
5394:
5389:
5384:
5379:
5374:
5368:
5366:
5362:
5361:
5359:
5358:
5353:
5347:
5345:
5341:
5340:
5338:
5337:
5332:
5327:
5322:
5317:
5312:
5307:
5306:
5305:
5304:
5303:
5293:
5292:
5291:
5281:
5271:
5266:
5265:
5264:
5263:
5262:
5252:
5247:
5246:
5245:
5240:
5235:
5220:
5219:
5218:
5213:
5208:
5203:
5198:
5193:
5183:
5178:
5173:
5168:
5163:
5158:
5153:
5148:
5147:
5146:
5136:
5131:
5126:
5125:
5124:
5114:
5109:
5104:
5099:
5094:
5089:
5084:
5079:
5074:
5073:
5072:
5067:
5062:
5052:
5051:
5050:
5040:
5035:
5030:
5025:
5019:
5017:
5013:
5012:
5010:
5009:
5004:
4999:
4994:
4989:
4984:
4979:
4974:
4969:
4964:
4959:
4954:
4949:
4943:
4941:
4937:
4936:
4929:
4928:
4921:
4914:
4906:
4899:
4898:
4880:
4858:
4835:
4813:
4786:
4774:
4771:(5.58 MB)
4734:
4716:
4683:
4670:law.moj.gov.tw
4655:
4629:
4608:
4587:
4561:
4536:
4505:
4495:, 2 April 1997
4482:
4449:
4422:
4409:
4381:
4367:
4355:
4346:
4334:
4322:
4303:
4290:
4260:
4234:
4217:
4185:
4160:
4139:
4113:
4080:
4047:
4014:
3997:
3983:
3972:on 4 June 2011
3957:
3945:
3931:
3925:, Section 17.
3911:
3884:
3870:
3844:
3821:
3810:
3782:
3754:
3717:(4): 711–733.
3697:
3683:
3670:
3663:
3644:
3638:
3614:
3600:
3591:
3578:
3567:on 28 May 2019
3551:
3549:
3546:
3543:
3542:
3526:
3525:
3523:
3520:
3519:
3518:
3513:
3508:
3502:
3497:
3492:
3487:
3482:
3477:
3472:
3465:
3462:
3441:
3438:
3407:Main article:
3404:
3401:
3380:
3377:
3375:
3372:
3362:
3359:
3343:Welsh language
3338:
3335:
3292:
3289:
3251:Irish language
3242:
3239:
3215:United Kingdom
3195:Main article:
3192:
3191:United Kingdom
3189:
3177:Main article:
3174:
3171:
3159:Main article:
3156:
3153:
3138:Main article:
3135:
3132:
3104:Main article:
3101:
3098:
3076:regime of the
3018:
3015:
2972:Main article:
2951:
2948:
2929:
2926:
2860:
2857:
2735:Main article:
2732:
2729:
2723:. There are 6
2709:Main article:
2706:
2703:
2694:
2691:
2672:of Singapore.
2627:Main article:
2624:
2621:
2605:Serbo-Croatian
2603:(a variety of
2593:Main article:
2590:
2587:
2567:Main article:
2564:
2561:
2544:
2541:
2529:
2526:
2521:
2518:
2481:More than 170
2457:Main article:
2454:
2451:
2419:Main article:
2416:
2413:
2389:Main article:
2386:
2383:
2379:sign languages
2371:Māori language
2358:
2355:
2342:
2339:
2266:Main article:
2263:
2260:
2200:Main article:
2197:
2194:
2181:
2178:
2166:
2163:
2155:Article 152(1)
2147:Malay language
2139:Main article:
2136:
2133:
2121:Main article:
2118:
2115:
2086:
2083:
2055:Main article:
2052:
2049:
1989:Main article:
1986:
1983:
1977:in 2018, with
1964:Main article:
1961:
1958:
1943:Main article:
1940:
1937:
1929:Main article:
1926:
1923:
1903:Main article:
1900:
1897:
1740:Main article:
1737:
1734:
1719:Main article:
1716:
1713:
1705:Haitian Creole
1697:Main article:
1694:
1691:
1671:Main article:
1668:
1665:
1653:
1650:
1646:Sami languages
1622:Main article:
1619:
1616:
1583:Main article:
1580:
1577:
1568:
1567:Czech Republic
1565:
1556:
1553:
1435:
1432:
1422:. Notably the
1318:Acadian French
1288:English Canada
1250:
1247:
1235:
1232:
1216:Serbo-Croatian
1189:
1186:
1172:, is also the
1159:Main article:
1156:
1153:
1145:
1142:
1114:
1111:
1098:
1095:
1080:
1077:
1037:
1034:
1014:
1011:
963:
960:
948:
945:
895:
892:
876:
875:
868:
861:
850:
795:
794:
792:
791:
784:
777:
769:
766:
765:
764:
763:
748:
747:
744:
743:
738:
733:
732:
731:
729:in Catholicism
721:
716:
711:
706:
701:
689:
684:
679:
674:
669:
664:
659:
654:
649:
644:
639:
634:
629:
624:
619:
614:
609:
604:
599:
594:
589:
584:
579:
577:Civil religion
574:
569:
564:
559:
554:
548:
545:
544:
541:
540:
534:
531:
530:
527:
526:
523:
522:
517:
512:
507:
502:
497:
496:
495:
490:
489:
488:
483:
478:
468:
463:
453:
448:
447:
446:
441:
436:
435:
434:
424:
423:
422:
417:
402:
401:
400:
395:
390:
385:
384:
383:
373:
368:
358:
353:
348:
343:
338:
328:
323:
318:
313:
308:
303:
302:
301:
299:Ethnopluralism
291:
286:
281:
276:
271:
266:
261:
260:
259:
254:
249:
239:
238:
237:
227:
222:
217:
212:
206:
201:
200:
197:
196:
193:
192:
187:
182:
177:
172:
166:
163:
162:
159:
158:
155:
154:
149:
144:
139:
134:
129:
124:
119:
114:
109:
104:
99:
94:
89:
84:
79:
73:
67:
66:
63:
62:
56:
55:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6582:
6571:
6568:
6566:
6563:
6561:
6558:
6556:
6553:
6551:
6548:
6546:
6543:
6541:
6538:
6537:
6535:
6525:
6520:
6515:
6514:
6511:
6498:
6495:
6494:
6492:
6488:
6482:
6479:
6477:
6474:
6472:
6469:
6467:
6464:
6462:
6459:
6457:
6454:
6452:
6449:
6447:
6444:
6442:
6439:
6437:
6436:Ethnocentrism
6434:
6432:
6429:
6427:
6424:
6422:
6419:
6417:
6414:
6412:
6409:
6407:
6404:
6402:
6401:Ethnic hatred
6399:
6397:
6394:
6392:
6389:
6387:
6384:
6383:
6381:
6378:
6371:
6365:
6362:
6360:
6357:
6355:
6352:
6350:
6347:
6345:
6342:
6340:
6337:
6335:
6332:
6330:
6327:
6325:
6322:
6320:
6317:
6315:
6312:
6310:
6307:
6305:
6302:
6300:
6297:
6295:
6292:
6290:
6287:
6285:
6282:
6280:
6277:
6275:
6272:
6270:
6267:
6265:
6262:
6260:
6257:
6255:
6252:
6251:
6249:
6247:
6243:
6237:
6234:
6230:
6227:
6225:
6222:
6221:
6220:
6217:
6215:
6212:
6210:
6207:
6205:
6202:
6200:
6197:
6195:
6194:National myth
6192:
6190:
6187:
6185:
6182:
6180:
6177:
6175:
6172:
6170:
6167:
6165:
6162:
6160:
6157:
6155:
6152:
6150:
6147:
6145:
6142:
6140:
6137:
6135:
6134:Folk religion
6132:
6130:
6127:
6125:
6122:
6120:
6117:
6115:
6112:
6110:
6109:Ethnic origin
6107:
6105:
6104:Ethnic option
6102:
6100:
6097:
6095:
6092:
6090:
6087:
6085:
6082:
6080:
6077:
6075:
6072:
6070:
6067:
6065:
6062:
6061:
6059:
6056:
6051:
6046:
6038:
6035:
6033:
6030:
6029:
6028:
6025:
6023:
6022:
6018:
6014:
6011:
6009:
6006:
6005:
6004:
6003:
5999:
5995:
5992:
5990:
5987:
5985:
5982:
5980:
5979:Northern Asia
5977:
5975:
5972:
5970:
5967:
5966:
5965:
5964:
5960:
5956:
5955:South America
5953:
5951:
5948:
5946:
5943:
5941:
5940:United States
5938:
5936:
5933:
5931:
5928:
5926:
5923:
5921:
5918:
5917:
5916:
5913:
5911:
5910:
5906:
5902:
5899:
5897:
5894:
5893:
5892:
5889:
5888:
5886:
5884:
5880:
5874:
5873:Ethnotaxonomy
5871:
5869:
5866:
5864:
5861:
5859:
5856:
5854:
5851:
5849:
5846:
5844:
5841:
5839:
5836:
5834:
5831:
5829:
5828:Ethnomedicine
5826:
5822:
5819:
5818:
5817:
5814:
5812:
5809:
5807:
5804:
5802:
5799:
5795:
5792:
5790:
5787:
5785:
5782:
5780:
5777:
5775:
5772:
5770:
5767:
5765:
5764:Institutional
5762:
5760:
5757:
5755:
5752:
5750:
5747:
5746:
5745:
5742:
5740:
5737:
5735:
5732:
5728:
5725:
5723:
5722:Ethnomycology
5720:
5718:
5715:
5713:
5710:
5709:
5708:
5705:
5703:
5700:
5698:
5695:
5693:
5690:
5689:
5687:
5685:
5681:
5675:
5672:
5670:
5667:
5665:
5662:
5660:
5657:
5655:
5652:
5650:
5649:Polyethnicity
5647:
5645:
5642:
5640:
5637:
5635:
5632:
5630:
5629:Monoethnicity
5627:
5623:
5620:
5619:
5618:
5615:
5613:
5610:
5608:
5605:
5603:
5600:
5598:
5595:
5593:
5590:
5588:
5585:
5581:
5578:
5576:
5573:
5571:
5568:
5566:
5563:
5562:
5561:
5558:
5556:
5553:
5552:
5550:
5546:
5542:
5535:
5530:
5528:
5523:
5521:
5516:
5515:
5512:
5500:
5497:
5495:
5492:
5488:
5483:
5480:
5478:
5475:
5473:
5470:
5468:
5465:
5463:
5460:
5458:
5455:
5453:
5450:
5448:
5445:
5443:
5440:
5438:
5435:
5433:
5430:
5428:
5425:
5423:
5420:
5418:
5415:
5413:
5410:
5408:
5405:
5403:
5400:
5398:
5395:
5393:
5390:
5388:
5385:
5383:
5380:
5378:
5375:
5373:
5370:
5369:
5367:
5363:
5357:
5354:
5352:
5349:
5348:
5346:
5344:Organizations
5342:
5336:
5333:
5331:
5328:
5326:
5323:
5321:
5318:
5316:
5315:Technological
5313:
5311:
5308:
5302:
5299:
5298:
5297:
5294:
5290:
5287:
5286:
5285:
5282:
5280:
5279:Ethnocacerism
5277:
5276:
5275:
5274:Revolutionary
5272:
5270:
5267:
5261:
5258:
5257:
5256:
5253:
5251:
5248:
5244:
5241:
5239:
5236:
5234:
5231:
5230:
5229:
5226:
5225:
5224:
5221:
5217:
5214:
5212:
5209:
5207:
5204:
5202:
5199:
5197:
5194:
5192:
5189:
5188:
5187:
5184:
5182:
5179:
5177:
5174:
5172:
5169:
5167:
5164:
5162:
5159:
5157:
5154:
5152:
5149:
5145:
5142:
5141:
5140:
5137:
5135:
5132:
5130:
5127:
5123:
5120:
5119:
5118:
5115:
5113:
5110:
5108:
5105:
5103:
5100:
5098:
5095:
5093:
5090:
5088:
5085:
5083:
5080:
5078:
5075:
5071:
5068:
5066:
5063:
5061:
5058:
5057:
5056:
5053:
5049:
5046:
5045:
5044:
5041:
5039:
5036:
5034:
5031:
5029:
5026:
5024:
5021:
5020:
5018:
5014:
5008:
5005:
5003:
5000:
4998:
4995:
4993:
4990:
4988:
4985:
4983:
4980:
4978:
4975:
4973:
4970:
4968:
4965:
4963:
4960:
4958:
4955:
4953:
4950:
4948:
4945:
4944:
4942:
4938:
4934:
4927:
4922:
4920:
4915:
4913:
4908:
4907:
4904:
4894:
4890:
4884:
4868:
4862:
4847:
4846:
4839:
4823:
4817:
4802:
4798:
4797:
4790:
4783:
4778:
4755:
4748:
4746:
4738:
4730:
4726:
4720:
4700:
4693:
4687:
4671:
4667:
4659:
4644:
4640:
4633:
4618:
4612:
4597:
4591:
4575:
4571:
4565:
4550:
4546:
4540:
4532:
4528:
4524:
4520:
4516:
4509:
4494:
4493:
4486:
4470:
4466:
4465:
4460:
4453:
4438:
4437:
4432:
4426:
4419:
4413:
4398:
4391:
4385:
4377:
4371:
4364:
4359:
4350:
4343:
4338:
4331:
4326:
4319:
4315:
4312:
4307:
4300:
4294:
4278:
4274:
4270:
4264:
4248:
4244:
4238:
4227:
4221:
4215:
4211:
4207:
4201:
4200:
4195:
4189:
4174:
4170:
4164:
4149:
4143:
4127:
4123:
4117:
4102:
4098:
4094:
4090:
4084:
4069:
4065:
4061:
4057:
4051:
4036:
4032:
4028:
4024:
4018:
4007:
4001:
3993:
3987:
3971:
3967:
3961:
3954:
3949:
3941:
3935:
3928:
3923:
3922:
3915:
3899:
3895:
3888:
3880:
3874:
3858:
3854:
3848:
3833:
3832:
3825:
3819:
3814:
3799:
3792:
3786:
3771:
3764:
3758:
3750:
3746:
3742:
3738:
3734:
3730:
3725:
3720:
3716:
3712:
3708:
3701:
3693:
3687:
3680:
3674:
3666:
3660:
3656:
3655:
3648:
3641:
3639:9781853590313
3635:
3631:
3630:
3625:
3618:
3612:
3609:
3604:
3595:
3588:
3582:
3566:
3562:
3556:
3552:
3539:
3538:
3531:
3527:
3517:
3514:
3512:
3509:
3506:
3503:
3501:
3498:
3496:
3493:
3491:
3488:
3486:
3483:
3481:
3478:
3476:
3473:
3471:
3468:
3467:
3461:
3459:
3455:
3452:had been the
3451:
3447:
3437:
3435:
3430:
3428:
3424:
3420:
3416:
3415:United States
3410:
3403:United States
3400:
3398:
3394:
3390:
3386:
3371:
3368:
3358:
3356:
3352:
3348:
3344:
3334:
3332:
3328:
3324:
3320:
3316:
3312:
3308:
3304:
3303:
3298:
3295:In Scotland,
3288:
3286:
3282:
3278:
3275:was the sole
3274:
3270:
3268:
3264:
3260:
3256:
3252:
3248:
3238:
3236:
3232:
3228:
3224:
3220:
3216:
3212:
3208:
3204:
3198:
3188:
3186:
3180:
3170:
3168:
3162:
3152:
3150:
3146:
3141:
3131:
3129:
3128:Djerba Island
3125:
3121:
3117:
3113:
3107:
3097:
3095:
3091:
3087:
3083:
3079:
3075:
3072:in 1949, the
3071:
3067:
3064:promoted the
3060:
3047:
3046:Japanese rule
3042:
3040:
3039:Matsu dialect
3036:
3032:
3028:
3024:
3014:
3012:
3008:
3002:
3000:
2996:
2992:
2988:
2984:
2980:
2975:
2968:
2964:
2961:
2956:
2947:
2945:
2941:
2935:
2925:
2923:
2919:
2915:
2911:
2907:
2903:
2899:
2895:
2891:
2887:
2883:
2879:
2875:
2871:
2866:
2856:
2854:
2850:
2846:
2842:
2838:
2834:
2830:
2826:
2822:
2818:
2814:
2810:
2809:Sign language
2806:
2802:
2798:
2793:
2791:
2787:
2783:
2779:
2775:
2771:
2767:
2763:
2759:
2755:
2751:
2747:
2743:
2738:
2728:
2726:
2722:
2718:
2712:
2702:
2700:
2690:
2688:
2684:
2680:
2679:
2678:lingua franca
2673:
2671:
2667:
2663:
2659:
2655:
2651:
2647:
2643:
2639:
2635:
2630:
2620:
2618:
2614:
2610:
2606:
2602:
2596:
2586:
2584:
2580:
2576:
2570:
2560:
2558:
2554:
2550:
2540:
2538:
2534:
2525:
2517:
2515:
2510:
2508:
2504:
2500:
2496:
2492:
2488:
2484:
2479:
2477:
2473:
2469:
2465:
2460:
2450:
2448:
2444:
2440:
2436:
2432:
2428:
2422:
2412:
2410:
2406:
2402:
2398:
2392:
2382:
2380:
2376:
2372:
2368:
2364:
2354:
2352:
2348:
2338:
2336:
2332:
2328:
2324:
2320:
2316:
2312:
2308:
2304:
2300:
2296:
2291:
2279:
2274:
2269:
2259:
2257:
2253:
2249:
2245:
2241:
2237:
2233:
2229:
2225:
2221:
2217:
2216:lingua franca
2213:
2209:
2203:
2193:
2191:
2187:
2177:
2175:
2171:
2162:
2160:
2156:
2152:
2148:
2142:
2132:
2130:
2129:Luxembourgish
2124:
2114:
2112:
2108:
2104:
2100:
2096:
2092:
2082:
2080:
2076:
2072:
2068:
2064:
2058:
2048:
2046:
2042:
2038:
2034:
2030:
2026:
2022:
2018:
2014:
2010:
2006:
2002:
1998:
1992:
1982:
1980:
1976:
1972:
1967:
1957:
1955:
1951:
1946:
1936:
1932:
1922:
1920:
1916:
1912:
1906:
1896:
1894:
1890:
1886:
1882:
1878:
1874:
1870:
1866:
1862:
1858:
1854:
1850:
1846:
1842:
1838:
1834:
1830:
1826:
1822:
1818:
1814:
1810:
1806:
1802:
1798:
1794:
1789:
1785:
1784:parliamentary
1781:
1776:
1774:
1769:
1767:
1763:
1762:Chief Justice
1758:
1756:
1752:
1748:
1743:
1733:
1731:
1727:
1722:
1712:
1710:
1706:
1700:
1690:
1688:
1684:
1680:
1674:
1664:
1662:
1658:
1649:
1647:
1642:
1638:
1634:
1630:
1625:
1615:
1612:
1608:
1604:
1600:
1596:
1592:
1586:
1576:
1574:
1564:
1562:
1552:
1544:
1539:
1537:
1526:
1521:
1510:
1506:
1502:
1498:
1494:
1490:
1487:in 1911, the
1486:
1481:
1479:
1475:
1471:
1467:
1463:
1459:
1455:
1449:
1445:
1441:
1431:
1429:
1425:
1424:Cree language
1421:
1417:
1413:
1409:
1405:
1401:
1397:
1396:First Nations
1393:
1388:
1386:
1382:
1378:
1374:
1370:
1366:
1362:
1358:
1354:
1350:
1345:
1343:
1339:
1335:
1331:
1327:
1326:New Brunswick
1323:
1319:
1315:
1311:
1307:
1303:
1302:Quebec French
1299:
1295:
1293:
1292:French Canada
1289:
1285:
1281:
1277:
1273:
1269:
1265:
1260:
1256:
1246:
1244:
1240:
1231:
1229:
1225:
1221:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1201:
1197:
1194:
1185:
1183:
1182:
1177:
1176:
1171:
1167:
1162:
1152:
1150:
1141:
1139:
1134:
1132:
1128:
1124:
1120:
1110:
1108:
1104:
1094:
1092:
1088:
1087:
1076:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1058:
1054:
1050:
1046:
1042:
1033:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1010:
1008:
1004:
1001:and southern
1000:
996:
992:
988:
984:
980:
976:
972:
968:
958:
954:
944:
942:
938:
934:
929:
926:
921:
919:
915:
911:
905:
901:
891:
889:
885:
881:
873:
869:
866:
862:
859:
855:
851:
848:
844:
840:
839:
838:
836:
832:
830:
826:
822:
818:
814:
810:
806:
802:
790:
785:
783:
778:
776:
771:
770:
768:
767:
762:
757:
752:
751:
750:
749:
742:
739:
737:
734:
730:
727:
726:
725:
722:
720:
717:
715:
712:
710:
707:
705:
702:
698:
693:
690:
688:
685:
683:
680:
678:
675:
673:
670:
668:
665:
663:
660:
658:
655:
653:
650:
648:
645:
643:
640:
638:
635:
633:
630:
628:
625:
623:
620:
618:
615:
613:
610:
608:
605:
603:
602:Ethnocentrism
600:
598:
595:
593:
590:
588:
585:
583:
580:
578:
575:
573:
570:
568:
565:
563:
560:
558:
555:
553:
550:
549:
543:
542:
537:
532:Organizations
529:
528:
521:
518:
516:
513:
511:
508:
506:
505:Technological
503:
501:
498:
494:
493:Ethnocacerism
491:
487:
484:
482:
479:
477:
474:
473:
472:
469:
467:
464:
462:
459:
458:
457:
456:Revolutionary
454:
452:
449:
445:
442:
440:
437:
433:
430:
429:
428:
425:
421:
418:
416:
413:
412:
411:
408:
407:
406:
403:
399:
396:
394:
391:
389:
386:
382:
379:
378:
377:
374:
372:
369:
367:
364:
363:
362:
359:
357:
354:
352:
349:
347:
344:
342:
339:
336:
332:
329:
327:
324:
322:
319:
317:
314:
312:
309:
307:
304:
300:
297:
296:
295:
292:
290:
287:
285:
282:
280:
277:
275:
272:
270:
267:
265:
262:
258:
255:
253:
250:
248:
245:
244:
243:
240:
236:
233:
232:
231:
228:
226:
223:
221:
218:
216:
213:
211:
208:
207:
204:
199:
198:
191:
188:
186:
183:
181:
178:
176:
173:
171:
168:
167:
161:
160:
153:
150:
148:
145:
143:
140:
138:
135:
133:
130:
128:
125:
123:
120:
118:
115:
113:
110:
108:
105:
103:
100:
98:
95:
93:
90:
88:
85:
83:
80:
78:
75:
74:
70:
65:
64:
61:
58:
57:
53:
49:
48:
45:
41:
37:
33:
19:
6471:Xenocentrism
6421:Ethnic slurs
6411:Ethnic party
6374:Ideology and
6294:Ethnic media
6236:White ethnic
6229:Neotribalism
6188:
6184:Nation state
6124:Ethnofiction
6055:ethnogenesis
6026:
6019:
6000:
5969:Central Asia
5961:
5914:
5907:
5890:
5863:Ethnoscience
5853:Ethnopoetics
5801:Ethnohistory
5739:Ethnogeology
5727:Ethnozoology
5717:Ethnoecology
5707:Ethnobiology
5692:Anthropology
5644:Panethnicity
5560:Ethnic group
5462:Nation state
5377:Anationalism
5117:Expansionist
4981:
4892:
4883:
4871:. Retrieved
4861:
4850:, retrieved
4844:
4838:
4826:. Retrieved
4816:
4805:, retrieved
4801:the original
4795:
4789:
4777:
4761:. Retrieved
4754:the original
4744:
4737:
4728:
4719:
4706:. Retrieved
4699:the original
4686:
4674:. Retrieved
4672:(in Chinese)
4669:
4658:
4646:. Retrieved
4642:
4632:
4620:. Retrieved
4611:
4599:. Retrieved
4590:
4578:. Retrieved
4573:
4564:
4552:. Retrieved
4548:
4539:
4522:
4518:
4508:
4497:, retrieved
4491:
4485:
4475:24 September
4473:. Retrieved
4469:the original
4462:
4452:
4441:, retrieved
4435:
4425:
4416:Article 55,
4412:
4400:. Retrieved
4396:
4384:
4370:
4358:
4349:
4337:
4325:
4306:
4293:
4281:. Retrieved
4277:the original
4272:
4263:
4251:. Retrieved
4237:
4220:
4197:
4188:
4176:. Retrieved
4172:
4163:
4151:. Retrieved
4142:
4132:17 September
4130:. Retrieved
4125:
4116:
4104:. Retrieved
4092:
4083:
4071:. Retrieved
4059:
4050:
4038:. Retrieved
4026:
4017:
4000:
3986:
3974:. Retrieved
3970:the original
3960:
3948:
3934:
3920:
3914:
3902:. Retrieved
3898:the original
3887:
3873:
3861:. Retrieved
3856:
3847:
3836:, retrieved
3830:
3824:
3813:
3803:13 September
3801:. Retrieved
3785:
3775:13 September
3773:. Retrieved
3757:
3714:
3710:
3700:
3686:
3678:
3673:
3653:
3647:
3628:
3617:
3607:
3603:
3594:
3586:
3581:
3569:. Retrieved
3565:the original
3555:
3535:
3530:
3453:
3443:
3431:
3412:
3384:
3382:
3366:
3364:
3340:
3331:Robert Burns
3300:
3294:
3271:
3244:
3223:Home Nations
3210:
3200:
3182:
3169:is English.
3164:
3143:
3109:
3093:
3043:
3020:
3003:
2977:
2937:
2892:and part of
2868:
2794:
2742:South Africa
2740:
2731:South Africa
2714:
2696:
2683:Bazaar Malay
2676:
2674:
2632:
2598:
2572:
2546:
2531:
2523:
2511:
2495:Austronesian
2480:
2462:
2430:
2424:
2394:
2360:
2344:
2271:
2215:
2211:
2205:
2183:
2168:
2144:
2126:
2088:
2060:
1994:
1969:
1948:
1934:
1908:
1777:
1770:
1759:
1745:
1724:
1702:
1681:language of
1676:
1655:
1627:
1588:
1570:
1558:
1540:
1536:Qing dynasty
1482:
1451:
1416:Inuvialuktun
1389:
1346:
1296:
1262:
1237:
1211:
1210:- which are
1195:
1191:
1179:
1173:
1164:
1147:
1135:
1126:
1116:
1100:
1084:
1082:
1039:
1016:
965:
922:
907:
887:
877:
871:
864:
857:
846:
842:
835:C.M.B. Brann
833:
800:
798:
724:Subsidiarity
552:Anationalism
311:Expansionist
175:Independence
126:
44:
6406:Ethnic joke
6214:Tribal name
6199:Origin myth
6174:Mythomoteur
6099:Ethnic flag
6084:Development
5769:Netnography
5744:Ethnography
5734:Ethnocinema
5712:Ethnobotany
5639:Nationality
5485: [
5432:Irredentism
5320:Territorial
4940:Development
4933:Nationalism
4852:3 September
4828:12 December
4708:10 February
4580:13 February
4320:. camera.it
4297:Article 8,
4283:19 February
4212:and in the
4126:lawtrend.in
4106:13 November
4073:27 February
4040:27 February
3904:30 November
3863:23 November
3857:Croatiaweek
3571:15 December
3417:, English (
3365:English is
3351:2011 census
3249:, both the
3059:kokugo undō
2979:Switzerland
2950:Switzerland
2807:languages;
2487:Philippines
2468:Philippines
2453:Philippines
2363:New Zealand
2357:New Zealand
2295:Nepal Bhasa
2290:rāṣṭrabhāṣā
2284:राष्ट्रभाषा
2278:rāṣṭrabhāṣā
2037:unification
1893:high courts
1365:Inuinnaqtun
1334:Nova Scotia
1123:monolingual
1067:), France (
997:, southern
843:chthonolect
695: [
647:Irredentism
637:Imperialism
510:Territorial
476:Legionarism
164:Core values
60:Nationalism
6534:Categories
6481:Xenophobia
6476:Xenophilia
6451:Indigenism
6386:Allophilia
6319:Ethnocracy
6209:Statistext
6139:Historical
6032:Indigenous
5984:South Asia
5920:Indigenous
5654:Population
5494:Revanchism
5151:Linguistic
5097:Ecological
4729:Ethnologue
4574:WorldAtlas
4549:www.gov.za
4402:28 October
4214:parliament
4178:8 February
4153:6 November
3976:25 October
3548:References
3074:Kuomintang
2932:See also:
2922:Val d'Aran
2863:See also:
2829:Portuguese
2758:isiNdebele
2666:population
2652:variety),
2644:variety),
2533:Portuguese
2236:Portuguese
2232:Otjiherero
2117:Luxembourg
1915:extinction
1911:Indonesian
1489:Kuomintang
1483:After the
1438:See also:
1420:Inuvialuit
1373:Dënesųłiné
1170:Bangladesh
1155:Bangladesh
1144:Azerbaijan
999:Montenegro
951:See also:
925:indigenous
898:See also:
872:politolect
847:chtonolect
741:Xenophobia
709:Revanchism
662:Militarism
321:Indigenism
316:Homosexual
284:Ecological
190:Solidarity
180:Patriotism
170:Allegiance
6524:Languages
6441:Ethnocide
6314:Ethnoburb
6219:Tribalism
6002:Australia
5994:West Asia
5974:East Asia
5945:Caribbean
5930:Greenland
5811:Ethnology
5684:Ethnology
5622:Influence
5541:Ethnicity
5325:Terrorism
5289:Falangism
5228:Christian
5223:Religious
5144:Communist
5139:Left-wing
5087:Corporate
5077:Communist
5038:Bourgeois
5028:Anarchist
4763:13 August
4554:3 October
4269:"Persian"
4253:20 August
4101:0971-751X
4093:The Hindu
4068:0971-751X
4060:The Hindu
4035:0971-8257
3749:145152852
3733:0021-9118
3470:Ethnolect
3209:) is the
3114:state is
2965:, in the
2928:Sri Lanka
2914:Valencian
2902:Catalonia
2782:Thsivenda
2750:Afrikaans
2748:, namely
2668:) as the
2634:Singapore
2623:Singapore
2483:languages
2429:, titled
2347:Friesland
2228:Oshiwambo
2224:Afrikaans
1899:Indonesia
1841:Malayalam
1726:Icelandic
1509:Cantonese
1361:Inuktitut
1300:consider
1239:Bulgarian
1113:Australia
1079:Argentina
1065:El Carche
1061:La Franja
1049:Catalonia
987:Aromanian
983:Aromanian
858:choralect
622:Globalism
607:Francoism
410:Christian
405:Religious
331:Left-wing
274:Corporate
264:Communist
225:Bourgeois
215:Anarchist
6461:Nativism
6129:Ethnonym
6094:Ethnarch
6050:Identity
6037:European
5915:Americas
5759:Critical
5754:Clinical
5548:Concepts
5437:Jingoism
5310:Romantic
5269:Resource
5260:Hindutva
5238:Clerico-
5233:Catholic
5176:Populist
5134:Integral
5112:European
5102:Economic
5060:American
5043:Business
5007:Treasure
4982:Language
4977:Identity
4873:23 March
4622:30 April
4601:30 April
4531:43669126
4443:22 April
4314:Archived
4247:Archived
3929:website.
3838:17 April
3464:See also
3454:de facto
3389:Cornwall
3385:de facto
3379:Cornwall
3367:de facto
3315:Scotland
3291:Scotland
3253:and the
3211:de facto
3112:Tunisian
3031:Mandarin
2910:Valencia
2853:Sanskrit
2821:Gujarati
2786:isiXhosa
2778:Xitsonga
2774:Setswana
2721:Slovenia
2705:Slovenia
2693:Slovakia
2549:official
2537:Portugal
2528:Portugal
2499:La Union
2464:Filipino
2435:Pakistan
2415:Pakistan
2335:Bhojpuri
2319:Maithili
2174:Maldives
2165:Maldives
2151:Malaysia
2135:Malaysia
2079:Kalenjin
2029:Italians
2005:de facto
1919:Javanese
1865:Sanskrit
1837:Maithili
1829:Kashmiri
1817:Gujarati
1801:Assamese
1679:official
1635:and the
1603:Tigrinya
1579:Ethiopia
1561:Croatian
1543:Mandarin
1501:Mandarin
1412:Nisg̱a’a
1377:Gwich’in
1355:and the
1322:Acadians
1310:Manitoba
1243:Bulgaria
1234:Bulgaria
1228:Cyrillic
1212:de facto
1204:Croatian
1181:de facto
1127:de facto
1086:de facto
967:Albanian
888:official
865:demolect
823:—with a
817:de facto
805:language
736:Trumpism
677:Nativism
657:Localism
652:Jingoism
500:Romantic
451:Resource
432:Hindutva
420:Clerical
415:Catholic
376:Japanese
335:populism
326:Integral
306:European
289:Economic
247:American
230:Business
152:Treasure
127:Language
122:Identity
52:a series
50:Part of
6490:Related
6149:Kinship
6089:Endonym
6079:Demonym
6027:Oceania
5784:Salvage
5296:Fascism
5250:Islamic
5216:Zionism
5048:Welfare
5023:African
5016:By type
4952:Colours
4807:9 March
4665:國家語言發展法
4648:3 March
4499:16 July
3741:2056443
3537:de jure
3446:Vietnam
3440:Vietnam
3413:In the
3393:Cornish
3273:English
3219:British
3185:Ukraine
3173:Ukraine
3145:Turkish
3100:Tunisia
3044:During
2995:Romansh
2991:Italian
2918:Aranese
2916:), and
2894:Navarre
2890:Euskadi
2882:Galicia
2874:Spanish
2790:isiZulu
2770:siSwati
2766:Sesotho
2754:English
2744:has 11
2646:Chinese
2638:English
2555:is the
2553:Romania
2543:Romania
2503:Ilocano
2493:of the
2385:Nigeria
2351:Frisian
2337:, etc.
2327:English
2252:Kavango
2208:Namibia
2196:Namibia
2190:English
2170:Dhivehi
2157:of the
2111:English
2091:Lebanon
2085:Lebanon
2063:Swahili
2017:Italian
2013:Italian
2001:de jure
1999:is the
1939:Ireland
1869:Santali
1861:Punjabi
1845:Marathi
1833:Konkani
1825:Kannada
1805:Bengali
1730:Iceland
1715:Iceland
1683:Germany
1667:Germany
1629:Finland
1618:Finland
1595:Amharic
1555:Croatia
1474:Beijing
1470:Nanjing
1466:Luoyang
1385:Tłı̨chǫ
1353:Nunavut
1306:Ontario
1272:English
1208:Serbian
1200:Bosnian
1196:de jure
1175:de jure
1166:Bengali
1107:Armenia
1097:Armenia
1091:Spanish
1073:Alghero
1045:Catalan
1041:Andorra
1036:Andorra
1022:Algeria
1013:Algeria
971:Albania
962:Albania
821:de jure
813:dialect
811:, e.g.
471:Fascism
398:Zionism
341:Musical
235:Welfare
210:African
92:Colours
71:forming
6510:Portal
6021:Europe
5935:Mexico
5925:Canada
5909:Africa
5774:Online
5634:Nation
5335:Ultra-
5330:Trans-
5243:Mormon
5206:Korean
5196:Berber
5186:Racial
5156:Mystic
5107:Ethnic
5092:Cyber-
5065:French
5002:Symbol
4962:Flower
4947:Anthem
4769:
4676:22 May
4529:
4099:
4066:
4033:
3747:
3739:
3731:
3661:
3636:
3448:, the
3167:Uganda
3155:Uganda
3149:Turkey
3134:Turkey
3124:French
3082:Taiwan
3017:Taiwan
2987:French
2983:German
2886:Basque
2849:Hebrew
2845:Arabic
2837:Telugu
2813:German
2803:, and
2762:Sepedi
2687:creole
2662:Malays
2609:Serbia
2589:Serbia
2579:Russia
2563:Russia
2520:Poland
2505:as an
2409:Yoruba
2407:, and
2323:Awadhi
2315:Gurung
2303:Sherpa
2299:Tamang
2273:Nepali
2256:Damara
2220:German
2107:French
2093:, the
2067:Gikuyu
2021:courts
1979:Arabic
1971:Hebrew
1960:Israel
1887:. The
1881:Telugu
1873:Sindhi
1853:Nepali
1849:Meitei
1709:French
1687:German
1661:France
1657:French
1652:France
1639:. The
1609:, and
1607:Somali
1520:Pinyin
1476:, and
1446:, and
1330:Quebec
1280:French
1278:) and
1264:Canada
1249:Canada
1222:. The
1030:French
1026:Berber
1018:Arabic
1003:Serbia
991:Kosovo
825:nation
704:Racism
520:Ultra-
515:Trans-
486:Rexism
481:Nazism
439:Muslim
388:Korean
361:Racial
346:Mystic
294:Ethnic
279:Cyber-
252:French
147:Symbol
102:Father
97:Emblem
87:Church
82:Anthem
69:Nation
6169:Mores
5891:World
5794:Video
5674:Tribe
5489:]
5255:Hindu
5211:White
5201:Black
5181:Queer
5129:Homo-
5070:Irish
5055:Civic
5033:Blind
4997:Sport
4987:Music
4824:. ONS
4757:(PDF)
4750:(PDF)
4702:(PDF)
4695:(PDF)
4527:JSTOR
4393:(PDF)
4229:(PDF)
4009:(PDF)
3794:(PDF)
3766:(PDF)
3745:S2CID
3737:JSTOR
3587:Logos
3522:Notes
3347:Wales
3337:Wales
3319:Scots
3285:Irish
3027:Hakka
2960:Swiss
2944:Tamil
2870:Spain
2859:Spain
2833:Tamil
2825:Hindi
2817:Greek
2658:Tamil
2654:Malay
2401:Hausa
2331:Limbu
2311:Magar
2262:Nepal
2240:Himba
2180:Malta
2075:Kamba
2051:Kenya
2025:Italy
2009:Italy
1985:Italy
1950:Irish
1877:Tamil
1821:Hindi
1813:Dogri
1747:Hindi
1736:India
1693:Haiti
1599:Oromo
1573:Czech
1525:Guóyǔ
1462:Xi'an
1454:China
1434:China
1404:Métis
1400:Inuit
1224:Latin
995:Italy
975:Greek
803:is a
699:]
687:Post-
427:Hindu
393:White
381:Shōwa
371:Black
257:Irish
242:Civic
220:Blind
203:Types
142:State
137:Sport
38:, or
5963:Asia
5659:Race
5555:Clan
5191:Arab
5171:Neo-
5166:Pan-
4992:Myth
4967:Epic
4957:Flag
4875:2023
4854:2007
4830:2012
4809:2007
4765:2015
4710:2014
4678:2019
4650:2018
4624:2009
4603:2009
4582:2022
4556:2019
4501:2016
4477:2012
4445:2008
4404:2021
4285:2018
4255:2020
4204:and
4180:2019
4155:2021
4134:2024
4108:2019
4097:ISSN
4075:2024
4064:ISSN
4042:2024
4031:ISSN
3978:2018
3906:2020
3865:2021
3840:2008
3805:2018
3777:2018
3729:ISSN
3659:ISBN
3634:ISBN
3573:2015
3341:The
3229:and
3201:The
3088:and
3053:國語運動
3037:and
2993:and
2942:and
2938:The
2912:(as
2908:and
2841:Urdu
2801:Nama
2797:Khoi
2788:and
2715:The
2697:The
2656:and
2599:The
2573:The
2547:The
2512:The
2439:Urdu
2405:Igbo
2254:and
2244:Nama
2184:The
2145:The
2109:and
2003:and
1995:The
1925:Iran
1885:Urdu
1883:and
1857:Odia
1809:Bodo
1778:The
1771:The
1707:and
1677:The
1611:Afar
1571:The
1559:The
1503:and
1414:and
1383:and
1369:Cree
1363:and
1336:and
1312:and
1290:and
1270:are
1257:and
1226:and
1206:and
1178:and
1101:The
1083:The
955:and
902:and
807:(or
444:Sikh
366:Arab
356:Pan-
351:Neo-
132:Myth
112:Epic
107:Flag
6052:and
5161:New
4972:God
3719:doi
3444:In
3313:of
3245:In
2920:in
2900:in
2888:in
2880:in
2805:San
2437:is
2307:Rai
2248:San
2089:In
2071:Luo
2047:).
1795:'s
1685:is
1548:普通话
1507:of
1499:of
1418:by
1410:by
1402:or
1340:).
1316:).
1075:).
856:" (
819:or
117:God
6536::
5487:fr
4891:.
4727:.
4668:.
4641:.
4572:.
4547:.
4523:56
4521:.
4517:.
4461:.
4433:,
4395:.
4271:.
4196:.
4171:.
4124:.
4091:.
4058:.
4025:.
3855:.
3796:.
3768:.
3743:.
3735:.
3727:.
3715:44
3713:.
3709:.
3333:.
3237:.
3187:.
3056:,
3041:.
3033:,
3029:,
3025:,
3001:.
2989:,
2985:,
2924:.
2904:,
2896:,
2884:,
2855:.
2851:,
2847:,
2839:,
2835:,
2831:,
2827:,
2823:,
2819:,
2815:,
2799:,
2792:.
2784:,
2780:,
2776:,
2772:,
2768:,
2764:,
2760:,
2756:,
2752:,
2727:.
2619:.
2585:.
2559:.
2539:.
2403:,
2349:,
2333:,
2329:,
2325:,
2321:,
2317:,
2313:,
2309:,
2305:,
2301:,
2297:,
2258:.
2250:,
2246:,
2242:,
2234:,
2230:,
2226:,
2222:,
2161:.
2105:.
2077:,
2073:,
2069:,
2011:.
1921:.
1879:,
1875:,
1871:,
1867:,
1863:,
1859:,
1855:,
1851:,
1847:,
1843:,
1839:,
1835:,
1831:,
1827:,
1823:,
1819:,
1815:,
1811:,
1807:,
1803:,
1753:.
1605:,
1601:,
1597:,
1538:.
1531:國語
1522::
1515:國語
1480:.
1472:,
1468:,
1464:,
1442:,
1398:,
1375:,
1371:,
1332:,
1308:,
1294:.
1245:.
1202:,
1131:L2
1055:,
1051:,
1024:.
1009:.
973:.
799:A
697:fr
54:on
34:,
6512::
5533:e
5526:t
5519:v
4925:e
4918:t
4911:v
4895:.
4877:.
4832:.
4767:.
4731:.
4712:.
4680:.
4652:.
4626:.
4605:.
4584:.
4558:.
4533:.
4479:.
4420:.
4406:.
4301:.
4287:.
4257:.
4182:.
4157:.
4136:.
4110:.
4077:.
4044:.
4011:.
3994:.
3980:.
3942:.
3908:.
3881:.
3867:.
3807:.
3779:.
3751:.
3721::
3694:.
3667:.
3575:.
3205:(
3062:)
3050:(
2648:(
2640:(
2281:(
1799:—
1518:(
1282:(
1274:(
860:)
852:"
788:e
781:t
774:v
337:)
333:(
42:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.