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877:
1537:). Although the SED had already become a full-fledged Stalinist "party of the new type" by the formation of the GDR, the other parties did not completely bend to the SED's will for a time. By the mid-1950s, however, the more courageous members of the constituent parties had been pushed out, and the parties had all been transformed into loyal partners of the SED. By this time, the SED itself had purged its few independent-minded members as well. The Front now took on a character similar to other groupings in the Eastern Bloc. For the next three decades, the minor parties in the Front had to accept the SED's "leading role" as a condition of their continued existence.
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Party and the
National Democratic Party (1948). Both parties were founded under the secret leadership of the Communist Party. Their task was to poach voters from the Christian Democrats and Liberals. The National Democrats were also supposed to be a collecting ground for former National Socialists. The parties that were not the SED were called
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The other two parties, the
Christian Democrats and Liberals, were initially independent. The SED, with the help of the Soviet occupation authorities, intimidated these parties and forced them to get on course. Finally, the occupying authorities allowed two new parties to be founded: the Peasants'
220:
Finally, there were so-called mass organisations in the Soviet occupation zone and then in the GDR. Some of them were represented on the electoral list, such as the trade union and the women's organisation. Nearly all of these MPs were members of the SED. Therefore, although the SED faction in
207:, the Allies initially allowed four parties: the Communists, the Social Democrats, the Christian Democrats and the Liberals. In the Soviet Occupation Zone, the Communist Party forced the Social Democrats to merge (1946). Thus the communist-dominated Socialist Unity Party (SED) was formed.
1517:. The Front itself was founded on 30 March 1950. It operated through the issuing of a generally consistent proportion of seats (divided between the Front's parties and SED-controlled mass organisations) submitted in the form of a single list of candidates during each election to the
196:("People's Chamber"). This "unity list" was the only list that citizens could vote for. Other parties or lists were prohibited. The National Front system was intended to give to the outside world the impression that there was a democracy with a
1524:
Although nominally a broad-based coalition of parties, in practice the SED was the only one with any real power. By ensuring that
Communists dominated the lists, the SED essentially predetermined the composition of the People's Chamber.
1521:. Seats were awarded on the basis of a set quota rather than vote totals. As voters only had the option of approving or rejecting the list in far-from-secret conditions, it "won" with virtually unanimous levels of support.
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In 1950-1951, the public rejection of the validity of the list by some German politicians resulted in some of them being imprisoned for "rejecting the electoral law of the German
Democratic Republic" (as in the case of
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The following organizations, which were part of the NF, did not send elected representatives to the
Volkskammer but were active in the performance of its activities.
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2013:
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and
Liberal Democratic Party, having thrown out their pro-Communist leaderships, withdrew from the Front. On 16 December the SED, having transformed itself into a
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232:(November 1989), some politicians of non-SED parties started to moderately criticize SED dominance. The Front disbanded in February 1990, a month before the
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179:. The National Front was an instrument to exercise control over the other parties and organisations. The precursor of the National Front was the
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On 1 December 1989, the Front was effectively rendered impotent when the
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The main task of the
National Front was to draw up a common electoral list ("Einheitsliste") in
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2087:"Aufruf der Liberal-Demokratischen Partei Deutschlands an das deutsche Volk vom 5. Juli 1945"
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All parties and mass organisations in the
National Front had to officially accept the SED's
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1556:. On 20 February 1990, an amendment to the constitution removed mention of the Front.
221:
parliament did not have an absolute majority, most MPs were nevertheless SED members.
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Die
Transformation der DDR-Blockparteien während und nach der politischen Wende
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as a condition of their existence. Only in the last weeks prior to the
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The Imperfect Union: Constitutional Structures of German Unification
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The volunteering campaign "Nice towns and communities. Take part!"
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Constituent mass organizations represented in the People's Chamber
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23:
East Germany alliance of political parties and mass organizations
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that gave the SED a monopoly of power. Four days later, the
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2183:. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press. 1997. p. 37.
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Andreas Malchya: Der Ausbau des neuen Systems 1949 bis 1961
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2014:
Democratic Front for the Reunification of the Fatherland
2326:
Association of Gardeners, Settlers, and Animal Breeders
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Association of Gardeners, Settlers, and Animal Breeders
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Other organizations associated with the National Front
169:
Nationale Front der Deutschen Demokratischen Republik
34:
Nationale Front der Deutschen Demokratischen Republik
1966:
20:, a short-lived minor neo-Nazi group of the 1980s.
2004:List of Volkskammer members (9th election period)
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161:National Front of the German Democratic Republic
31:National Front of the German Democratic Republic
2247:Mass organizations with representation in the
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2412:Defunct political party alliances in Germany
2170:. New York: St. Martin's Press. 1975. p. 66.
1507:The National Front was the successor to the
1410:Committee of Antifascist Resistance Fighters
1360:banned in East Germany in 1953, exists today
2168:The Government and Politics of East Germany
1367:Association of German Consumer Cooperatives
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2019:Polish Committee of National Liberation
1345:Union of Persecutees of the Nazi Regime
1164:German Gymnastics and Sports Federation
188:elections to the East German parliament
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2042:Front of Socialist Unity and Democracy
1465:founded before the creation of the GDR
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2166:Kurt Sontheimer & Wilhelm Bleek.
2074:Bundeszentrale fĂĽr politische Bildung
2301:Society for German–Soviet Friendship
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1244:Association of Theatre Professionals
1102:Society for German–Soviet Friendship
980:Democratic Women's League of Germany
2321:Ernst Thälmann Pioneer Organisation
2047:Lao Front for National Construction
1184:Ernst Thälmann Pioneer Organisation
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2407:Popular fronts of communist states
2257:Free German Trade Union Federation
2052:National United Front of Kampuchea
1487:Pavilion of the National Front in
914:Free German Trade Union Federation
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1012:Cultural Association of the DDR
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1513:which had been founded in the
1:
2057:
1554:Party of Democratic Socialism
2076:, last retrieved 2019-05-01.
1542:Constitution of East Germany
7:
2092:(in German). Archived from
2009:Vietnamese Fatherland Front
1962:
1390:German Red Cross of the GDR
18:Nationalist Front (Germany)
10:
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1503:election poster from 1950
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2381:Politics of East Germany
2336:GDR Union of Journalists
2157:October 29, 1989. p. 5A.
2110:Archivs des Liberalismus
1999:Politics of East Germany
1450:League of Lusatian Sorbs
1318:Peace Council of the GDR
775:Liberal Democratic Party
544:Administrative divisions
525:Liberal Democratic Party
401:Constitutional Assembly
249:Politics of East Germany
144:Politics of East Germany
16:Not to be confused with
2376:East Germany portal
2023:Front of National Unity
230:fall of the Berlin Wall
175:, namely the communist
129:Political position
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2154:Eugene Register-Guard
1956:Sole legal coalition
1918:Sole legal coalition
1879:Sole legal coalition
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1650:Sole legal coalition
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711:Socialist Unity Party
306:Socialist Unity Party
2140:"Domains – Iportale"
1550:democratic socialist
1510:Demokratischer Block
1271:Union of Journalists
341:Council of Ministers
234:first free elections
2341:Handelsorganisation
2306:People's Solidarity
2122:"DDR-Lexikon: NDPD"
1977:East Germany portal
1384:(Zentralkonsum eG)
1122:People's Solidarity
240:Constituent parties
2097:(PDF; 1,0 MB)
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346:Head of Government
198:multi-party system
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2126:www.ddr-wissen.de
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1087:Organization
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887:Organization
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862:27 March 1990
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731:21 April 1946
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699:Seats in the
698:
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552:(independent)
550:
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531:
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334:Head of State
332:
331:
327:
326:State Council
324:
319:
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309:
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303:
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295:
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101:
97:
94:
90:
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83:
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73:
69:
65:
62:30 March 1950
61:
57:
53:
48:
47:Erich Correns
45:
43:
39:
27:
19:
2180:
2175:
2167:
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2153:
2148:
2134:
2125:
2116:
2101:. Retrieved
2094:the original
2081:
2073:
2065:
1539:
1527:
1523:
1508:
1506:
1500:
1471:exists today
1470:
1464:
1382:exists today
1381:
1359:
1137:exists today
1136:
1096:Dissolution
1080:
970:exists today
969:
899:Dissolution
827:17 June 1948
763:26 June 1945
696:Dissolution
472:Referendums
272:Constitution
236:in the GDR.
226:leading role
223:
219:
212:
209:
202:
200:in the GDR.
191:
185:
160:
158:
120:(until 1956)
85:Headquarters
2249:Volkskammer
1928:12,392,094
1889:12,235,515
1851:11,245,023
1813:11,207,388
1775:11,197,265
1736:11,533,859
1698:11,689,110
1660:11,828,877
1621:12,088,745
1611:Government
1576:(1981–1989)
1569:(1950–1981)
1321: [
1294: [
1247: [
1093:Foundation
904:Volkskammer
896:Foundation
795:5 July 1945
701:Volkskammer
693:Foundation
549:East Berlin
393:Referendums
361:Legislature
329:(1960–1990)
321:(1949–1960)
214:Blockpartei
193:Volkskammer
89:East Berlin
54:(1981–1990)
49:(1950–1981)
2401:Categories
2103:2017-10-20
2058:References
859:5 May 1948
299:Leadership
203:After the
2283:(1945–90)
2277:(1945–90)
2271:(1947–90)
2259:(1946–90)
1936:500 / 500
1897:500 / 500
1859:434 / 434
1821:434 / 434
1783:434 / 434
1744:434 / 434
1706:466 / 466
1668:466 / 466
1629:466 / 466
1608:Position
1593:Election
598:Magdeburg
573:Frankfurt
390:Elections
368:President
318:President
149:Elections
118:Stalinism
108:Communism
67:Dissolved
2351:Domowina
1963:See also
619:Schwerin
134:Far-left
100:Ideology
42:Chairman
1931:99.94%
1854:98.58%
1778:99.93%
1739:99.25%
1701:99.87%
1663:99.46%
1533:leader
1489:Leipzig
1479:History
1090:Emblem
890:Emblem
687:Emblem
630:Leaders
614:Rostock
609:Potsdam
593:Leipzig
563:Dresden
558:Cottbus
59:Founded
2356:Urania
2346:Konsum
1892:99.9%
1816:99.5%
1624:99.6%
1602:Seats
1596:Votes
1572:Prof.
1565:Prof.
1491:, 1953
907:(1986)
704:(1986)
684:Party
568:Erfurt
190:, the
165:German
2090:(PDF)
1444:1990
1424:1991
1404:1991
1339:1990
1325:]
1312:1990
1298:]
1285:1990
1265:1990
1251:]
1238:1990
1218:1990
1198:1990
1178:1990
1158:1990
1116:1992
893:Flag
690:Flag
583:Halle
1953:1st
1924:1986
1915:1st
1885:1981
1876:1st
1847:1976
1838:1st
1809:1971
1800:1st
1771:1967
1762:1st
1732:1963
1723:1st
1694:1958
1685:1st
1656:1954
1647:1st
1639:136
1617:1950
1605:+/–
1531:LDPD
1499:The
1461:1912
1441:1960
1421:1953
1401:1952
1378:1949
1356:1947
1336:1949
1309:1946
1282:1945
1262:1966
1235:1952
1215:1945
1195:1948
1175:1957
1155:1952
1133:1945
1113:1949
1067:1994
1064:1945
1047:VdgB
1035:1990
1032:1945
1003:1990
1000:1947
966:1946
937:1990
934:1946
917:FDGB
842:NDPD
778:LDPD
737:127
624:Suhl
578:Gera
489:1968
484:1954
479:1951
463:1990
458:1986
453:1981
448:1976
443:1971
438:1967
433:1963
428:1958
423:1954
418:1950
405:1949
285:1968
280:1949
159:The
1907:66
1754:32
1070:14
1038:21
1006:32
983:DFD
974:37
949:FDJ
940:61
865:52
833:52
810:DBD
801:52
769:52
746:CDU
714:SED
177:SED
173:GDR
2403::
2124:.
2072:,
1599:%
1323:de
1296:de
1249:de
1015:KB
217:.
167::
91:,
2224:e
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2142:.
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2040:/
2021:/
670:e
663:t
656:v
163:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
