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486:, Zhang Ding, Zhang Guangyu, Zhou Lingzhao and Zhong Ling, handed out their proposals with 5 variations on September 25, 1949. The symbolism of their first design was: The red star symbolizes Communism and the CCP. The cog and wheat/rice symbolizes unification of industrial workers and peasants. The rising earth with China in red symbolizes the socialist revolution in China and the world revolution ideal on Asian counties. 31 rays behind the earth symbolizes the 31
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206:...The red color of the flag symbolizes revolution and the yellow color of the stars the golden brilliant rays radiating from the vast red land. The design of four smaller stars surrounding a bigger one signifies the unity of the Chinese people under the leadership of the Communist Party of China (CPC).
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to this day. During this period, under the KMT's political tutelage, the Blue Sky with a White Sun Flag shared the same prominence as the ROC flag. A common wall display consisted of the KMT flag perched on the left and the ROC flag perched on the right, each tilted at an angle with a portrait of
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Members of the first
Charter of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference committee discussed these three proposals on June 10, 1950. The result of the discussion was, the China Central Academy of Fine Arts proposal was too colourful to be regarded as trademarks, and proposal from
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Tsinghua
University presented their new design and their proposal was selected and officially made the national emblem on 20 September 1950 by the Central People's Government. The selected design was further standardized and simplified by Gao Zhuang and was confirmed on August 18, 1950.
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at that time. The name of the People's
Republic of China is written on the red ribbon below. The design was based on their design of the emblem of Charter of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, and was influenced by
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The two groups then worked on a second round of proposals. The second round proposals from
Tsinghua University were based on standardized design of the Tian'anmen Gate on the emblem and red and yellow were chosen as the main colours.
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Under
Chinese law since November 1997, only Hong Kong and Macau are allowed to have their own emblems and other localities that had them had to stop using theirs. This rule was ignored in 2011 when the city of
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On July 10, 1949, the government held a public competition for the design of the national emblem, however no satisfactory designs were selected. Therefore, on
September 27, 1949, the First Plenary Session of
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decided to invite designers for the proposals of the national emblem and two groups from two universities were selected in
September 1949. Three proposals were selected for the first round discussion:
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514:, Mo Zongjiang, Zhu Changzhong, Li Zongjin and Gao Zhuang, handed their proposal on October 30, 1949. According to their proposal, the design was a mixture of traditional Chinese culture and
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committee meeting on June 15, proposals from
Tsinghua University were chosen and the committee suggested "Combine the design of No.1 and No.3. with outer ring of No.1 and content of No.3".
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on a globe, and the grain ears are placed under and on both sides of the earth. Above the earth and the five-pointed star is written the "Chinese Soviet
Republic" on the top, and the "
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345:. Oral tradition holds that he lived sometime between 2294 and 2184 BC. According to the book, the emperor wished for the symbols to be used on official robes of the state.
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due to its use of traditional symbols. The committee suggested the groups include the Tian'anmen Gate, a symbol of
Chinese revolution that served as the location of the
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the Kuomintang flag has lost some of its prominence. However, it is still frequently seen on KMT party buildings in political rallies and other meetings of KMT and the
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Hong Kong and Macao each have their own emblem. The National People's Congress have passed the standardized use of the two special administrative regions' emblems.
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were tasked with designing a new national emblem. It was presented on August 28, 1912, and was adopted as national emblem in February 1913. President-Emperor
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Following the end of Manchu rule, new national symbols were deemed necessary by the leaders to represent the changed circumstances. The renowned writers
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Before the Communist takeover of Mainland China, the ROC had provinces design their own emblems. Only two emblems were used so far.
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declared the foundation of the People's Republic of China (PRC) in 1949. Above this representation are the five stars found on the
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City officially announced its emblem, becoming the first city in the People's Republic of China to have a city emblem.
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continued its use during his short imperial reign from 1915 to 1916. The emblem is based on the ancient symbols of the
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National standard of China: GB 15093-2008 specifies the construction, material and color of the national emblem.
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The other proposal by Zhang Ding, Zhang Guangyu, Zhou Lingzhao, was a perspective depiction of Tian'anmen gate.
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This article is about People's Republic of China's Emblem. For Republic of China (Taiwan)'s Emblem, see
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in the upper left corner. It became the first national flag of China and is usually referred to as the
238:), these elements taken together symbolise the revolutionary struggles of the Chinese people since the
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198:(CCP), while the four smaller stars represent the four revolutionary social classes as defined in
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454:, designed by China Central Academy of Fine Arts, which their first round proposal was based on.
415:, the party flag was removed from such a display and the national flag was moved to the center.
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2004:
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1372:(Chinese Communist Central Governmental Notice to Ban Making and Using Local Flags and Emblems)
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Since the ROC government moved to Taiwan and especially in the years since the end of
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party symbol. The "Blue Sky, White Sun, and a Wholly Red Earth" flag has remained the
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202:. The emblem is described as being "composed of patterns of the national flag":
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and foundation ceremony of the People's Republic of China on October 1, 1949.
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party led to the overthrow of the fractious yet internationally recognized
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The Description of the National Emblem of the People's Republic of China
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Description of the National Emblem from Chinese Government web portal.
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Emblem of the Republic of China with encircling text as depicted on
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1404:"Seal of the People's Government of the People's Republic of China"
548:
Proposals of China Central Academy of Fine Arts, September 25, 1949
411:
Sun Yat-sen displayed in the center. After the promulgation of the
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Seal of the People's Government of the People's Republic of China
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did not have an official state emblem, but the flag featured the
42:
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515:
308:
199:
398:. The state emblem was therefore replaced with the Kuomintang
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which succeeded in founding the People's Republic of China.
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222:
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National Reorganized Government of the Republic of China
331:. These are first mentioned as already ancient in the
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The designers from the Department of Architecture at
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The first communist government in China known as the
148:
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ideals. The design imitated the style of mirrors in
213:
The outer border of the red circle shows sheaves of
1295:, 拟制国徽图案说明, Explanation of national emblem proposal
462:had the emblem adopted in 1934. It consisted of an
3902:National symbols of the People's Republic of China
1276:, Reference on proposals of national emblem, 1949.
678:Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference
476:Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference
452:Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference
1434:National Emblem of the People's Republic of China
849:
560:Proposal of Tsinghua University, October 30, 1949
178:and contains in a red circle a representation of
168:National Emblem of the People's Republic of China
76:National Emblem of the People's Republic of China
28:National Emblem of the People's Republic of China
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525:, symbolizing brightness. The disc was made of
615:Proposal of China Central Academy of Fine Arts
601:Proposal of China Central Academy of Fine Arts
296:on a plain yellow field with a red sun of the
3500:
3153:
1502:
590:Second round proposals of the national emblem
569:Second round proposals by Tsinghua University
233:
104:
90:
537:First round proposals of the national emblem
1396:
711:Sketch of the initial design. June 20, 1950
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3493:
1509:
1495:
764:
1244:
688:Selected proposal of the national emblem
564:
445:
433:
352:
264:
20:National Emblem of the Republic of China
3894:
2444:Socialism with Chinese characteristics
981:(1928–present) and the Roundel of the
3488:
1490:
884:
413:Constitution of the Republic of China
348:
3514:
574:Tsinghua University was regarded as
225:that represents industrial workers.
3140:Major Historical and Cultural Sites
1383:"Chengdu Unveils its New City Logo"
488:provincial administrative divisions
429:
150:Chung-hua Jen-min Konghe-kuo Kuohui
13:
2278:
1516:
1082:North Shanxi Autonomous Government
484:China Central Academy of Fine Arts
394:under the Kuomintang known as the
343:Three Sovereigns and Five Emperors
194:. The largest star represents the
14:
3958:
3912:Coats of arms of communist states
2435:Political Consultative Conference
1421:
1370:中共中央办公厅、国务院办公厅关于禁止自行制作和使用地方旗、徽的通知
1142:Shanghai International Settlement
1127:Shanghai International Settlement
254:
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3221:Four Masters of the Yuan dynasty
3216:Four Masters of the Ming dynasty
1461:
1447:
1427:
1247:Chinese Symbolism and Art Motifs
1179:
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1148:
1134:
1119:
1104:
1089:
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1006:
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636:
622:
608:
594:
553:
541:
136:Zhōnghuá Rénmín Gònghéguó guóhuī
33:
3211:Four Paragons of the Early Tang
2408:Political parties and movements
1772:Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms
1757:Northern and Southern dynasties
1375:
1363:
1341:from the original on 2023-07-30
728:
671:Proposal of Tsinghua University
657:Proposal of Tsinghua University
643:Proposal of Tsinghua University
629:Proposal of Tsinghua University
341:, who was one of the legendary
284:The Empire of China during the
3833:British Indian Ocean Territory
1352:
1327:
1309:
1298:
1279:
1267:
1238:
1220:
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850:Special administrative regions
261:Twelve Symbols national emblem
149:
135:
105:
91:
1:
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723:Initial design. June 20, 1950
699:Initial design. June 17, 1950
404:flag of the Republic of China
3937:Coats of arms with cogwheels
3927:Coats of arms with buildings
2513:Ministry of National Defense
1852:Chinese Communist Revolution
1385:. news.ifeng.com. 2011-12-30
468:Workers of the world, unite!
7:
3947:National emblems with gears
3176:Flowers of the Four Seasons
3161:Four Treasures of the Study
2780:Water supply and sanitation
2508:Central Military Commission
2503:Outline of military history
2253:Province-level subdivisions
1440:
1015:Republic of China Air Force
999:Republic of China Air Force
983:Republic of China Air Force
390:in 1928. This ushered in a
182:, the entrance gate to the
10:
3963:
2449:Primary stage of socialism
2391:National People's Congress
1859:People's Republic of China
1188:People's Republic of China
1112:Imperial Seal of Manchukuo
1017:(1928–1991), light version
367:
258:
249:
176:People's Republic of China
48:People's Republic of China
17:
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3446:
3414:
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2493:
2344:
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2199:UNESCO Biosphere Reserves
2154:
2088:
1997:
1935:
1907:
1898:
1827:
1705:
1653:
1613:
1537:
1528:
975:Blue Sky with a White Sun
798:
519:New Democratic Revolution
470:" written on the bottom.
400:Blue Sky with a White Sun
370:Blue Sky with a White Sun
358:Blue Sky with a White Sun
242:and the coalition of the
234:
217:and the inner sheaves of
160:
142:
128:
121:
116:
112:
98:
84:
80:
75:
53:
41:
32:
27:
3932:Coats of arms with stars
3917:Coats of arms with wheat
3582:East Timor (Timor-Leste)
3374:Catholic Church in China
2518:People's Liberation Army
2485:One country, two systems
1245:Williams, C.A.S (2001).
937:Taiping Heavenly Kingdom
100:Traditional Chinese
3922:Coats of arms with rice
3843:Cocos (Keeling) Islands
3206:Four Pillars of Destiny
2991:Regional discrimination
2413:Chinese Communist Party
1482:March of the Volunteers
1067:Chinese Soviet Republic
791:found under the city's
765:Emblems of subdivisions
460:Chinese Soviet Republic
440:Chinese Soviet Republic
196:Chinese Communist Party
86:Simplified Chinese
2959:Science and technology
2632:Special economic zones
1884:persecution of Uyghurs
1812:Century of humiliation
1335:"国徽诞生记 清华大学建筑学院教授 秦佑国"
570:
455:
443:
378:led by Generallissimo
365:
281:
211:
59:; 74 years ago
57:20 September 1950
3166:Four Great Inventions
2550:People's Armed Police
568:
449:
437:
356:
321:Ministry of Education
268:
209:—China Yearbook 2004
204:
3757:United Arab Emirates
3145:World Heritage Sites
2673:Foreign aid received
2381:Environmental policy
2179:Environmental policy
2174:Environmental issues
1436:at Wikimedia Commons
958:(1912–1927) and the
603:No.1 - June 15, 1950
276:(1912–1927) and the
3784:limited recognition
3391:History of religion
3386:Freedom of religion
3241:Four Pests campaign
3186:Four Classic Novels
2798:Automotive industry
2678:Foreign aid program
2369:Pro-democratisation
1864:Cultural Revolution
772:On April 15, 1985,
580:May Fourth Movement
504:Tsinghua University
482:The designers from
376:Northern Expedition
240:May Fourth Movement
3298:Population history
3278:Internal migration
2893:Harmonious Society
2768:Telecommunications
2725:Standard of living
2644:Online advertising
2396:Standing Committee
1321:2013-05-14 at the
1291:2013-05-14 at the
1232:2007-06-04 at the
1214:2012-05-02 at the
885:Historical emblems
571:
493:Socialist heraldry
456:
444:
424:pan-blue coalition
388:Beiyang government
366:
349:Nationalist period
302:Yellow Dragon Flag
282:
3889:
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3826:other territories
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3481:
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2826:
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2813:Shipping industry
2577:
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2543:Strategic Support
2418:General Secretary
2403:National security
2386:Foreign relations
2340:
2339:
2261:
2260:
2224:
2223:
1927:Natural disasters
1894:
1893:
1847:Chinese Civil War
1842:Republic of China
1817:Taiping Rebellion
1690:Spring and Autumn
1595:Foreign relations
1432:Media related to
1359:高庄：命运多舛的国徽浮雕定型设计者
1251:Tuttle Publishing
979:Republic of China
956:Republic of China
762:
761:
464:hammer and sickle
362:Republic of China
334:Book of Documents
298:three-legged crow
274:Republic of China
164:
163:
156:
155:
123:Standard Mandarin
71:
70:
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3942:Chinese heraldry
3907:National emblems
3879:
3869:
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3838:Christmas Island
3524:Sovereign states
3516:Armorial of Asia
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3352:Tibetan Buddhism
3347:Chinese Buddhism
3201:Four Holy Beasts
3151:
3150:
3003:Social relations
2932:Standard Chinese
2927:Chinese language
2837:
2836:
2622:Economic history
2588:
2587:
2567:Maritime Militia
2276:
2275:
2272:
2271:
2243:Border crossings
2238:Baseline islands
1933:
1932:
1905:
1904:
1869:Tiananmen Square
1752:Sixteen Kingdoms
1560:Military history
1535:
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1511:
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1471:
1466:
1465:
1464:
1457:
1452:
1451:
1450:
1431:
1415:
1414:
1412:
1410:
1400:
1394:
1393:
1391:
1390:
1379:
1373:
1367:
1361:
1356:
1350:
1349:
1347:
1346:
1331:
1325:
1313:
1307:
1302:
1296:
1283:
1277:
1271:
1265:
1264:
1249:(4th ed.).
1242:
1236:
1224:
1218:
1206:
1183:
1168:
1152:
1138:
1123:
1108:
1093:
1078:
1062:
1046:
1033:used during the
1026:
1010:
994:
971:
948:
933:
914:
895:
874:
860:
838:
823:
809:
758:
751:
736:
735:
720:
708:
696:
668:
654:
640:
626:
612:
598:
557:
545:
430:Communist period
329:Twelve Ornaments
237:
236:
152:
151:
138:
137:
114:
113:
108:
107:
94:
93:
73:
72:
67:
65:
60:
37:
25:
24:
3962:
3961:
3957:
3956:
3955:
3953:
3952:
3951:
3892:
3891:
3890:
3885:
3857:
3825:
3816:
3797:Northern Cyprus
3783:
3776:
3518:
3513:
3483:
3478:
3465:
3458:
3451:
3438:
3410:
3328:
3288:Life expectancy
3245:
3149:
3029:
2949:Public holidays
2937:Written Chinese
2922:Intellectualism
2874:Sex trafficking
2822:
2784:
2744:
2573:
2489:
2336:
2327:Nationality law
2310:Law enforcement
2288:Judicial system
2257:
2220:
2194:Nature reserves
2184:Protected areas
2150:
2121:Water resources
2084:
1993:
1931:
1890:
1874:Economic reform
1837:1911 Revolution
1823:
1787:Jin (1115–1234)
1701:
1649:
1609:
1524:
1515:
1469:Heraldry portal
1467:
1462:
1460:
1453:
1448:
1446:
1443:
1424:
1419:
1418:
1408:
1406:
1402:
1401:
1397:
1388:
1386:
1381:
1380:
1376:
1368:
1364:
1357:
1353:
1344:
1342:
1333:
1332:
1328:
1323:Wayback Machine
1314:
1310:
1303:
1299:
1293:Wayback Machine
1284:
1280:
1272:
1268:
1261:
1253:. p. 386.
1243:
1239:
1234:Wayback Machine
1225:
1221:
1216:Wayback Machine
1207:
1203:
1198:
1191:
1184:
1175:
1169:
1160:
1153:
1144:
1139:
1130:
1124:
1115:
1109:
1100:
1094:
1085:
1079:
1070:
1063:
1054:
1047:
1038:
1027:
1018:
1013:Roundel of the
1011:
1002:
997:Roundel of the
995:
986:
972:
963:
960:Empire of China
952:National emblem
949:
940:
934:
925:
915:
906:
896:
887:
880:
875:
866:
861:
852:
845:
839:
830:
824:
815:
810:
801:
795:as its emblem.
789:Golden Sun Bird
767:
731:
724:
721:
712:
709:
700:
697:
672:
669:
660:
658:
655:
646:
644:
641:
632:
630:
627:
618:
616:
613:
604:
602:
599:
561:
558:
549:
546:
432:
409:National Father
392:one-party state
380:Chiang Kai-shek
372:
351:
278:Empire of China
270:National emblem
263:
257:
252:
172:national symbol
63:
61:
58:
23:
12:
11:
5:
3960:
3950:
3949:
3944:
3939:
3934:
3929:
3924:
3919:
3914:
3909:
3904:
3887:
3886:
3884:
3883:
3873:
3862:
3859:
3858:
3856:
3855:
3850:
3845:
3840:
3835:
3829:
3827:
3818:
3817:
3815:
3814:
3809:
3804:
3799:
3794:
3788:
3786:
3778:
3777:
3775:
3774:
3769:
3764:
3759:
3754:
3749:
3744:
3739:
3734:
3729:
3724:
3719:
3714:
3709:
3704:
3699:
3694:
3689:
3684:
3679:
3674:
3669:
3664:
3659:
3654:
3649:
3644:
3639:
3634:
3629:
3624:
3619:
3614:
3609:
3604:
3599:
3594:
3589:
3584:
3579:
3574:
3569:
3564:
3559:
3554:
3549:
3544:
3539:
3534:
3528:
3526:
3520:
3519:
3512:
3511:
3504:
3497:
3489:
3480:
3479:
3477:
3476:
3471:
3464:
3463:
3456:
3448:
3447:
3444:
3443:
3440:
3439:
3437:
3436:
3431:
3426:
3420:
3418:
3412:
3411:
3409:
3408:
3403:
3398:
3393:
3388:
3383:
3382:
3381:
3376:
3366:
3361:
3356:
3355:
3354:
3349:
3338:
3336:
3330:
3329:
3327:
3326:
3321:
3316:
3315:
3314:
3307:
3295:
3290:
3285:
3280:
3275:
3270:
3265:
3259:
3257:
3251:
3250:
3247:
3246:
3244:
3243:
3238:
3233:
3228:
3223:
3218:
3213:
3208:
3203:
3198:
3193:
3188:
3183:
3178:
3173:
3171:Four Gentlemen
3168:
3163:
3157:
3155:
3154:Fours of China
3148:
3147:
3142:
3137:
3132:
3127:
3122:
3117:
3112:
3107:
3102:
3097:
3092:
3091:
3090:
3080:
3075:
3070:
3065:
3060:
3055:
3050:
3045:
3039:
3037:
3031:
3030:
3028:
3027:
3022:
3017:
3012:
3011:
3010:
3000:
2999:
2998:
2993:
2988:
2983:
2973:
2968:
2967:
2966:
2956:
2951:
2946:
2941:
2940:
2939:
2934:
2924:
2919:
2918:
2917:
2912:
2911:
2910:
2895:
2890:
2889:
2888:
2878:
2877:
2876:
2871:
2866:
2856:
2851:
2846:
2840:
2834:
2828:
2827:
2824:
2823:
2821:
2820:
2815:
2810:
2805:
2803:Civil aviation
2800:
2794:
2792:
2786:
2785:
2783:
2782:
2777:
2776:
2775:
2765:
2764:
2763:
2752:
2750:
2749:Infrastructure
2746:
2745:
2743:
2742:
2737:
2732:
2727:
2722:
2717:
2716:
2715:
2710:
2705:
2703:Semiconductors
2700:
2695:
2685:
2683:Historical GDP
2680:
2675:
2670:
2669:
2668:
2663:
2658:
2648:
2647:
2646:
2636:
2635:
2634:
2629:
2619:
2614:
2613:
2612:
2602:
2597:
2591:
2585:
2579:
2578:
2575:
2574:
2572:
2571:
2570:
2569:
2559:
2558:
2557:
2547:
2546:
2545:
2540:
2535:
2530:
2525:
2515:
2510:
2505:
2499:
2497:
2491:
2490:
2488:
2487:
2482:
2481:
2480:
2475:
2465:
2464:
2463:
2461:Vice President
2453:
2452:
2451:
2441:
2440:
2439:
2438:
2437:
2427:
2426:
2425:
2420:
2405:
2400:
2399:
2398:
2388:
2383:
2378:
2373:
2372:
2371:
2361:
2356:
2350:
2348:
2342:
2341:
2338:
2337:
2335:
2334:
2329:
2324:
2319:
2318:
2317:
2307:
2306:
2305:
2300:
2290:
2284:
2282:
2269:
2263:
2262:
2259:
2258:
2256:
2255:
2250:
2245:
2240:
2234:
2232:
2226:
2225:
2222:
2221:
2219:
2218:
2217:
2216:
2211:
2201:
2196:
2191:
2189:National parks
2186:
2181:
2176:
2171:
2169:Climate policy
2166:
2164:Climate change
2160:
2158:
2152:
2151:
2149:
2148:
2147:
2146:
2141:
2136:
2131:
2123:
2118:
2113:
2108:
2103:
2098:
2092:
2090:
2086:
2085:
2083:
2082:
2077:
2072:
2070:Central Plains
2059:
2054:
2053:
2052:
2047:
2037:
2032:
2027:
2022:
2017:
2012:
2007:
2001:
1999:
1995:
1994:
1992:
1991:
1990:
1989:
1984:
1974:
1973:
1972:
1967:
1957:
1952:
1947:
1941:
1939:
1930:
1929:
1924:
1919:
1917:Extreme points
1914:
1908:
1902:
1896:
1895:
1892:
1891:
1889:
1888:
1887:
1886:
1881:
1876:
1871:
1866:
1856:
1855:
1854:
1849:
1839:
1833:
1831:
1825:
1824:
1822:
1821:
1820:
1819:
1814:
1809:
1799:
1794:
1789:
1784:
1779:
1774:
1769:
1764:
1759:
1754:
1749:
1744:
1743:
1742:
1737:
1732:
1725:Three Kingdoms
1722:
1717:
1711:
1709:
1703:
1702:
1700:
1699:
1698:
1697:
1695:Warring States
1692:
1687:
1677:
1676:
1675:
1665:
1659:
1657:
1651:
1650:
1648:
1647:
1646:
1645:
1640:
1635:
1625:
1619:
1617:
1611:
1610:
1608:
1607:
1602:
1597:
1592:
1587:
1586:
1585:
1580:
1575:
1567:
1562:
1557:
1555:Historiography
1552:
1547:
1541:
1539:
1532:
1526:
1525:
1514:
1513:
1506:
1499:
1491:
1485:
1484:
1479:
1473:
1472:
1458:
1442:
1439:
1438:
1437:
1423:
1422:External links
1420:
1417:
1416:
1395:
1374:
1362:
1351:
1326:
1316:正投影 国徽设计中亮丽的一笔
1308:
1297:
1278:
1266:
1259:
1237:
1219:
1200:
1199:
1197:
1194:
1193:
1192:
1190:(1950–present)
1186:Emblem of the
1185:
1178:
1176:
1170:
1163:
1161:
1155:Emblem of the
1154:
1147:
1145:
1140:
1133:
1131:
1125:
1118:
1116:
1110:
1103:
1101:
1095:
1088:
1086:
1080:
1073:
1071:
1065:Emblem of the
1064:
1057:
1055:
1053:(2021–present)
1048:
1041:
1039:
1037:(1981–present)
1031:Chinese Taipei
1028:
1021:
1019:
1012:
1005:
1003:
996:
989:
987:
985:(1991–present)
977:emblem of the
973:
966:
964:
950:
943:
941:
935:
928:
926:
916:
909:
907:
897:
890:
886:
883:
882:
881:
876:
869:
867:
862:
855:
851:
848:
847:
846:
840:
833:
831:
825:
818:
816:
811:
804:
800:
797:
766:
763:
760:
759:
752:
744:
743:
740:
730:
727:
726:
725:
722:
715:
713:
710:
703:
701:
698:
691:
689:
674:
673:
670:
663:
661:
656:
649:
647:
642:
635:
633:
628:
621:
619:
614:
607:
605:
600:
593:
591:
563:
562:
559:
552:
550:
547:
540:
538:
534:
533:
530:
500:
438:Emblem of the
431:
428:
396:Nanjing decade
368:Main article:
364:(1928–present)
360:emblem of the
350:
347:
259:Main article:
256:
255:Beiyang period
253:
251:
248:
184:Forbidden City
180:Tiananmen Gate
162:
161:
158:
157:
154:
153:
146:
140:
139:
132:
126:
125:
119:
118:
117:Transcriptions
110:
109:
102:
96:
95:
88:
82:
81:
78:
77:
69:
68:
55:
51:
50:
45:
39:
38:
30:
29:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3959:
3948:
3945:
3943:
3940:
3938:
3935:
3933:
3930:
3928:
3925:
3923:
3920:
3918:
3915:
3913:
3910:
3908:
3905:
3903:
3900:
3899:
3897:
3882:
3878:
3874:
3872:
3864:
3863:
3860:
3854:
3851:
3849:
3846:
3844:
3841:
3839:
3836:
3834:
3831:
3830:
3828:
3823:
3819:
3813:
3810:
3808:
3807:South Ossetia
3805:
3803:
3800:
3798:
3795:
3793:
3790:
3789:
3787:
3785:
3779:
3773:
3770:
3768:
3765:
3763:
3760:
3758:
3755:
3753:
3750:
3748:
3745:
3743:
3740:
3738:
3735:
3733:
3730:
3728:
3725:
3723:
3720:
3718:
3715:
3713:
3710:
3708:
3705:
3703:
3700:
3698:
3695:
3693:
3690:
3688:
3685:
3683:
3680:
3678:
3675:
3673:
3670:
3668:
3665:
3663:
3660:
3658:
3655:
3653:
3650:
3648:
3645:
3643:
3640:
3638:
3635:
3633:
3630:
3628:
3625:
3623:
3620:
3618:
3615:
3613:
3610:
3608:
3605:
3603:
3600:
3598:
3595:
3593:
3590:
3588:
3585:
3583:
3580:
3578:
3575:
3573:
3570:
3568:
3565:
3563:
3560:
3558:
3555:
3553:
3550:
3548:
3545:
3543:
3540:
3538:
3535:
3533:
3530:
3529:
3527:
3525:
3521:
3517:
3510:
3505:
3503:
3498:
3496:
3491:
3490:
3487:
3475:
3472:
3470:
3467:
3466:
3461:
3457:
3454:
3450:
3449:
3445:
3435:
3432:
3430:
3427:
3425:
3422:
3421:
3419:
3417:
3413:
3407:
3404:
3402:
3399:
3397:
3394:
3392:
3389:
3387:
3384:
3380:
3379:Protestantism
3377:
3375:
3372:
3371:
3370:
3367:
3365:
3364:Folk religion
3362:
3360:
3357:
3353:
3350:
3348:
3345:
3344:
3343:
3340:
3339:
3337:
3335:
3331:
3325:
3322:
3320:
3317:
3312:
3308:
3305:
3301:
3300:
3299:
3296:
3294:
3291:
3289:
3286:
3284:
3281:
3279:
3276:
3274:
3271:
3269:
3268:Ethnic groups
3266:
3264:
3261:
3260:
3258:
3256:
3252:
3242:
3239:
3237:
3234:
3232:
3229:
3227:
3224:
3222:
3219:
3217:
3214:
3212:
3209:
3207:
3204:
3202:
3199:
3197:
3194:
3192:
3189:
3187:
3184:
3182:
3181:Four Beauties
3179:
3177:
3174:
3172:
3169:
3167:
3164:
3162:
3159:
3158:
3156:
3152:
3146:
3143:
3141:
3138:
3136:
3133:
3131:
3128:
3126:
3123:
3121:
3118:
3116:
3113:
3111:
3108:
3106:
3103:
3101:
3098:
3096:
3093:
3089:
3086:
3085:
3084:
3081:
3079:
3076:
3074:
3071:
3069:
3066:
3064:
3061:
3059:
3056:
3054:
3051:
3049:
3046:
3044:
3041:
3040:
3038:
3036:
3032:
3026:
3023:
3021:
3020:Urban society
3018:
3016:
3013:
3009:
3006:
3005:
3004:
3001:
2997:
2994:
2992:
2989:
2987:
2984:
2982:
2979:
2978:
2977:
2976:Social issues
2974:
2972:
2969:
2965:
2962:
2961:
2960:
2957:
2955:
2954:Rural society
2952:
2950:
2947:
2945:
2942:
2938:
2935:
2933:
2930:
2929:
2928:
2925:
2923:
2920:
2916:
2913:
2909:
2906:
2905:
2904:
2901:
2900:
2899:
2896:
2894:
2891:
2887:
2884:
2883:
2882:
2879:
2875:
2872:
2870:
2867:
2865:
2862:
2861:
2860:
2857:
2855:
2854:Chinese Dream
2852:
2850:
2847:
2845:
2842:
2841:
2838:
2835:
2833:
2829:
2819:
2818:Space program
2816:
2814:
2811:
2809:
2806:
2804:
2801:
2799:
2796:
2795:
2793:
2791:
2787:
2781:
2778:
2774:
2771:
2770:
2769:
2766:
2762:
2759:
2758:
2757:
2754:
2753:
2751:
2747:
2741:
2738:
2736:
2733:
2731:
2728:
2726:
2723:
2721:
2718:
2714:
2711:
2709:
2706:
2704:
2701:
2699:
2696:
2694:
2691:
2690:
2689:
2686:
2684:
2681:
2679:
2676:
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3369:Christianity
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3319:Urbanization
3255:Demographics
3231:Gang of Four
3196:Four Symbols
3095:Martial arts
2869:Prostitution
2756:Architecture
2610:Central bank
2478:Vice Premier
2430:United front
2359:Constitution
2315:Penal system
2293:Human rights
2230:Subdivisions
2068: /
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1583:1949–present
1455:China portal
1407:. Retrieved
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3532:Afghanistan
3135:Variety art
3130:Tea culture
3058:Calligraphy
3043:Archaeology
2903:Food safety
2698:Gold mining
2600:Aquaculture
2595:Agriculture
2555:Coast Guard
2322:Naming laws
2156:Environment
2144:South China
1623:Paleolithic
1615:Prehistoric
1573:before 1912
1174:(1949–1959)
1159:(1940–1945)
1114:(1932–1945)
1099:(1939–1945)
1084:(1937–1939)
1069:(1934–1937)
1001:(1928–1991)
962:(1915–1916)
939:(1851–1864)
844:(1922–1949)
829:(1926–1949)
793:Jinsha site
523:Han dynasty
442:(1934–1937)
420:martial law
325:Yuan Shikai
313:Qian Daosun
280:(1915–1916)
244:proletariat
3896:Categories
3762:Uzbekistan
3737:Tajikistan
3652:Kyrgyzstan
3632:Kazakhstan
3552:Bangladesh
3542:Azerbaijan
3396:Irreligion
3293:Statistics
3263:Emigration
3226:Four Wangs
3115:Philosophy
3100:Mass media
3083:Literature
2981:Patriarchy
2944:Propaganda
2864:Corruption
2849:Censorship
2639:E-commerce
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2139:East China
2111:Waterfalls
2057:Peninsulas
2025:Grasslands
1389:2012-09-30
1345:2023-07-30
1196:References
1029:Emblem of
787:chose the
739:Proportion
512:Lin Huiyin
450:Emblem of
384:Kuomintang
188:Mao Zedong
144:Wade–Giles
64:1950-09-20
3848:Hong Kong
3802:Palestine
3727:Sri Lanka
3722:Singapore
3602:Indonesia
3283:Languages
3236:Four Olds
3191:Four arts
3078:Libraries
3008:Structure
2971:Sexuality
2908:incidents
2881:Education
2790:Transport
2666:Renewable
2661:Petroleum
2456:President
2423:Politburo
2376:Elections
2364:Democracy
2332:Terrorism
2080:Volcanoes
2062:Northeast
2040:Mountains
1950:Northeast
1900:Geography
1807:High Qing
1628:Neolithic
1600:Dynasties
1578:1912–1949
1569:Economic
1538:Overviews
1129:(pre WWI)
1097:Mengjiang
864:Hong Kong
827:Guangzhou
576:bourgeois
319:from the
223:cog-wheel
106:中華人民共和國國徽
92:中华人民共和国国徽
3871:Category
3792:Abkhazia
3742:Thailand
3697:Pakistan
3677:Mongolia
3672:Maldives
3667:Malaysia
3567:Cambodia
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3342:Buddhism
3334:Religion
3311:Post-90s
3304:Post-80s
3048:Archives
2915:HIV/AIDS
2886:Literacy
2844:Abortion
2773:Internet
2730:Taxation
2713:Textiles
2693:Chemical
2688:Industry
2617:Currency
2495:Military
2303:in Tibet
2267:Politics
2204:Wildlife
2116:Wetlands
1879:COVID-19
1707:Imperial
1605:Monarchs
1565:Language
1550:Timeline
1522:articles
1441:See also
1339:Archived
1319:Archived
1289:Archived
1274:国徽图案参考资料
1230:Archived
1212:Archived
382:and the
186:, where
3767:Vietnam
3682:Myanmar
3662:Lebanon
3592:Georgia
3547:Bahrain
3537:Armenia
3453:Outline
3416:Symbols
3273:Eunuchs
3120:Smoking
3068:Cuisine
3035:Culture
3025:Welfare
2996:Suicide
2964:history
2832:Society
2761:Housing
2735:Tourism
2720:Poverty
2605:Banking
2583:Economy
2562:Militia
2473:Premier
2075:Valleys
2035:Islands
2020:Deserts
2010:Canyons
1998:Terrain
1977:Western
1965:Central
1937:Regions
1922:Geology
1912:Borders
1655:Ancient
1638:Yangtze
1545:History
1530:History
1409:Jun 16,
954:of the
920:of the
901:of the
842:Kunming
813:Chengdu
785:Chengdu
774:Taiyuan
676:At the
495:of the
272:of the
250:History
174:of the
62: (
54:Adopted
43:Armiger
3812:Taiwan
3747:Turkey
3712:Russia
3647:Kuwait
3627:Jordan
3617:Israel
3577:Cyprus
3562:Brunei
3557:Bhutan
3474:Portal
3429:Emblem
3424:Anthem
3406:Taoism
3088:Poetry
3063:Cinema
2986:Racism
2898:Health
2651:Energy
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2538:Rocket
2523:Ground
2248:Cities
2134:Yellow
2106:Rivers
2096:Canals
2050:passes
2045:ranges
1829:Modern
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1286:徐志摩诗文网
1257:
799:Cities
516:Maoist
315:, and
309:Lu Xun
286:Manchu
200:Maoism
3853:Macau
3772:Yemen
3732:Syria
3707:Qatar
3687:Nepal
3622:Japan
3597:India
3587:Egypt
3572:China
3460:Index
3401:Islam
3324:Women
3125:Sport
3110:Names
3105:Music
3073:Dance
2859:Crime
2740:Trade
2708:Steel
2214:Flora
2209:Fauna
2129:Bohai
2125:Seas
2101:Lakes
2089:Water
2066:North
2030:Hills
2015:Caves
1970:South
1955:North
1668:Shang
1518:China
878:Macau
288:-led
215:wheat
170:is a
3692:Oman
3657:Laos
3612:Iraq
3607:Iran
3434:Flag
3015:Time
2808:Rail
2656:Coal
2528:Navy
2298:LGBT
2005:Bays
1945:East
1802:Qing
1797:Ming
1792:Yuan
1782:Song
1777:Liao
1767:Tang
1680:Zhou
1673:Late
1643:Liao
1411:2021
1255:ISBN
659:No.3
645:No.2
631:No.1
617:No.2
527:jade
374:The
219:rice
166:The
3824:and
3053:Art
2533:Air
2280:Law
1762:Sui
1735:Han
1730:Wei
1720:Han
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