679:. In all likelihood, this particular Japanese-American cooperation was much more admissible than the initial affair American authorities had with Japanese biological warfare specialists." from "The Shadow Warriors of Nakano: A History of the Imperial Japanese Army's Elite Intelligence School" by Stephen C. Mercado. Review author: Carl Boyd in
675:"Here the author offers a rich description of how the chief of Japanese military intelligence, Arisue Seizo, used his information about the Soviet Union as a bargaining chip with MacArthur's intelligence forces. The result was a special intelligence partnership that had considerable relevance during the early rounds of the
313:
At the start of the U. S. occupation of Japan in 1945, the four line companies and headquarters detachment of the Eighth Army's 720th
Military Police Battalion was sent to Tokyo from the South Pacific and quartered in the abandoned Nakano School. In 1948, the facility was renamed Camp Burness
67:
and Russia established detailed intelligence networks for the production of maps, recruiting local support, and gathering information on opposing forces. Japanese spies would often seek to be recruited as personal servants to foreign officers or as ordinary laborers for construction projects on
301:
Although the Nakano School was abolished at the end of World War II with the surrender of Japan, many graduates continued to play significant roles in Japan's military intelligence hierarchy and the wider business community, a result of a general deal between the head of
Japanese intelligence,
314:
in memory of a
Battalion member who had died in a plane crash near New Guinea during the Pacific War. Later that year, after a fire destroyed the "B" Company barracks, the Battalion was moved to the former Japanese Imperial Navy Academy in the Tsukiji area of Tokyo.
284:
Towards the end of the war, graduates of the Nakano School expanded their activities within Japan itself, where their training in guerilla warfare were needed to help organize civilian resistance against the prospective
93:. The sign on the school read "Army Correspondence Research Center" to make the public believe that the school was focused on correspondence and not top secret training
255:. Its efforts to promote anti-British and anti-Dutch movements lasted past the end of the war, and played a role in the independence of India and Indonesia.
322:
769:
79:
had failed, Army leadership felt that a more "systematic" approach to the training of intelligence operatives was required. Lt. Col. Shun
Akigusa
303:
216:
512:
141:
A small school, over its history, the Nakano School had over 2500 graduates, who were trained in a variety of subject matters related to
69:
570:
55:
The
Imperial Japanese Army had always placed a high priority on the use of unconventional military tactics. Before the time of the
499:
653:"Chūkoku shihei gizō jiken no zenshō" ("The forgery of Chinese paper currency"), Yoshimasa Okada. pages 42-51, October 1980
75:
In July 1938, after a number of attempts to penetrate the military of the Soviet Union had failed, and efforts to recruit
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461:
439:
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122:
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While small, its graduates occasionally had dramatic successes, such as the intact capture of oil facilities in
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to engage in anti-British subversion, intelligence-gathering and later direct combat against
British forces in
321:
did not surrender until 1974 on Lubang Island in the
Philippines. Nakano School graduate Second Lieutenant
89:
was instructed to organize the curriculum of a special training school, to be located in 4 Chome Nakano of
594:"Nakano agents and the Japanese forces in New Guinea, 1942-1945." 01-SEP-04, Sabretache. Richmond, Keith
326:
121:, and the start of World War II, the Nakano School changed its focus to southern targets. After the
100:
as a foreign language. In 1940, administration of the school was handed over to Lt. Col. Masao Ueda
473:
The Shadow
Warriors of Nakano: A History of the Imperial Japanese Army's Elite Intelligence School
252:
56:
730:
702:
614:
Fujiwara, F. Kikan: Japanese Army
Intelligence Operations in Southeast Asia During World War II
118:
40:
349:
The Nakano School has also been the subject of a number of popular fiction movies, including:
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259:
146:
36:
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236:
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foreign military works. Such activities fell under the oversight of the 2nd
Section of the
8:
574:
334:
142:
111:
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220:
495:
476:
457:
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F. Kikan: Japanese Army Intelligence Operations in Southeast Asia During World War II
435:
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307:
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In China, one Nakano School operation was the unsuccessful attempt to weaken China's
197:
166:
449:
158:
150:
130:
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110:, who in 1938 had provided considerable intelligence on Russia from his post as
274:
244:
126:
76:
251:. It also worked with Indonesian nationalists seeking the independence of the
758:
232:
90:
632:
Fay, The Forgotten Army: India's Armed Struggle for Independence, 1942-1945.
525:
Louis Allen, "The Nakano School", Japan Society Proceedings, 10, 1985, 9-15
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44:
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189:
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by introducing large quantities of forged Chinese currency using stolen
690:
330:
270:
178:
170:
169:. Extended courses were provided on a wide variety of topics including
432:
The Forgotten Army: India's Armed Struggle for Independence, 1942-1945
96:
The Nakano School was initially focused on Russia, teaching primarily
278:
248:
240:
185:
64:
676:
522:(Tokyo: Nakano Koyukai, 1978), 176, and Moore, "Open Sources", 104.
165:, along with unconventional military techniques in general such as
154:
60:
210:
204:
162:
263:
193:
310:(who wanted the Japanese intelligence on the Soviet Union).
511:("Portrait of the Army Nakano School"), Kato Masao. Tokyo:
368:("Army Nakano School: Cloud #1 Directive Japan") (1966)
362:("Army Nakano School: War Broke Out Last Night") (1968)
731:"日越関係発展の方途を探る研究 ヴェトナム独立戦争参加日本人―その実態と日越両国にとっての歴史的意味―"
188:, Netherlands East Indies, by Nakano School-trained
114:(a common position for Nakano graduates) in Poland.
59:, Japanese operatives, posing as businessmen, and
623:Lebra, Japanese trained Armies in South-East Asia
356:("Nakano Army School: Top Secret Command") (1967)
756:
542:Deacon, A History of the Japanese Secret Service
28:
103:
82:
22:
685:, Vol. 67, No. 1. (Jan., 2003), pp. 274-275.
223:were heavily staffed with Nakano graduates.
192:. Nakano graduates were also very active in
605:Mercado, Nakano, The Shadow Warriors. Pp.40
70:Imperial Japanese Army General Staff Office
551:Mercado, Nakano, The Shadow Warriors. Pp.1
518:Nakano Koyukai, ed., Rikugun Nakano Gakko
413:Japanese trained Armies in South-East Asia
317:Nakano School graduate Second Lieutenant
448:
394:A History of the Japanese Secret Service
660:
489:
470:
366:Rikugun Nakano gakko: Kumoichigô shirei
235:, and were instrumental in forming the
181:, and various facets of covert action.
770:Defunct Japanese intelligence agencies
757:
391:
410:
554:
339:Trường Lục quân trung học Quảng Ngãi
35:was the primary training center for
18:Imperial Japanese Army Nakano School
429:
13:
703:"ベトナム独立戦争参加日本人の事跡に基づく日越のあり方に関する研究"
360:Rikugun Nakano gakko: Kaisen zenya
258:Minami Kikan supplied and led the
14:
791:
712:. Tokyo foundation. October 2005
434:. University of Michigan Press.
723:
695:
682:The Journal of Military History
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635:
296:
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608:
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563:
545:
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509:Rikugun Nakano Gakko no Zenbou
396:. Berkley Publishing Company.
354:Rikugun Nakano Gakko: Mitsumei
243:movement in Japanese-occupied
1:
415:. Columbia University Press.
385:
136:
740:. Tokyo foundation. May 2006
571:"Interview with Gozo Shioda"
471:Mercado, Stephen C. (2002).
7:
372:
173:, history, current events,
29:
10:
796:
50:
780:Cold War history of Japan
381:, taught aikido at Nakano
104:
83:
23:
643:Burma: The Forgotten War
529:
492:Burma: The Forgotten War
411:Lebra, Joyce C. (1971).
392:Deacon, Richard (1986).
327:Vietnam Independence War
344:
253:Netherlands East Indies
63:missionaries in China,
57:First Sino-Japanese War
765:Imperial Japanese Army
430:Fay, Peter W. (1993).
338:
271:Nationalist government
231:were directed against
125:, it was relocated to
119:attack on Pearl Harbor
41:Imperial Japanese Army
775:Japan in World War II
490:Latimer, Jon (2004).
475:. Potomac Books Inc.
329:as an adviser in the
291:Japanese home islands
260:Burmese National Army
147:military intelligence
37:military intelligence
325:volunteered for the
237:Indian National Army
123:firebombing of Tokyo
30:Rikugun Nakano Gakkō
655:Rekishi to jinbutsu
302:Lieutenant General
239:and supporting the
143:counterintelligence
520:Army Nakano School
39:operations by the
501:978-0-7195-6576-2
450:Fujiwara, Iwaichi
308:General MacArthur
287:American invasion
167:guerrilla warfare
159:foreign languages
151:covert operations
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573:. Archived from
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131:Gunma prefecture
112:military attaché
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494:. John Murray.
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379:Morihei Ueshiba
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275:printing plates
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560:See Allen 1987
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333:Army Academy (
323:Kikuo Tanimoto
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77:White Russians
52:
49:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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666:See Boyd 2003
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577:on 2007-08-30
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482:1-57488-443-3
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463:962-225-072-6
459:
456:. Heinemann.
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441:0-472-08342-2
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422:0-231-03995-6
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91:Nakano, Tokyo
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742:. Retrieved
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714:. Retrieved
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579:. Retrieved
575:the original
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316:
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304:Seizo Arisue
300:
297:Post-war era
283:
268:
257:
228:
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217:Minami Kikan
215:
209:
203:
202:
190:paratroopers
183:
175:martial arts
140:
116:
95:
74:
54:
45:World War II
17:
15:
319:Hiroo Onoda
306:(有末精三) and
200:campaigns.
759:Categories
744:2010-06-10
716:2010-06-10
581:2007-03-11
386:References
335:Vietnamese
331:Quang Ngai
179:propaganda
171:philosophy
137:Operations
117:After the
641:Latimer,
513:Tendensha
279:Hong Kong
249:Singapore
241:Azad Hind
186:Palembang
65:Manchuria
677:Cold War
452:(1983).
373:See also
155:sabotage
61:Buddhist
691:3093218
515:, 1998.
289:of the
229:I Kikan
225:F Kikan
211:I Kikan
205:F Kikan
198:Okinawa
98:Russian
51:History
43:during
689:
498:
479:
460:
438:
419:
400:
245:Malaya
163:aikido
161:, and
24:陸軍中野学校
738:井川 一久
734:(PDF)
710:井川 一久
706:(PDF)
687:JSTOR
530:Notes
277:from
264:Burma
194:Burma
496:ISBN
477:ISBN
458:ISBN
436:ISBN
417:ISBN
398:ISBN
345:Film
247:and
227:and
221:(ja)
214:and
105:上田昌雄
84:秋草 俊
16:The
341:).
761::
736:.
708:.
337::
293:.
281:.
266:.
208:,
177:,
157:,
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133:.
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27:,
747:.
719:.
657:.
584:.
504:.
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466:.
444:.
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102:(
87:)
81:(
33:)
21:(
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