264:
48:
305:
20:
549:
319:, informing him that they had "in their concern for the security of the sovereign", detained and imprisoned two Baháʼís, and requested his permission to have them put to death. The Shah refused the request, and instead asked them to be sent as prisoners to Tehran. This was despite Dutchman Johan Colligan's testifying to their innocence.
326:
then decided that the brothers would likely be set free due to their innocence. They then decided to ensure their death before departing for Tehran. They used their power as religious leaders to encourage over 50 other divines, each with his own crowd of rioters, to approach the house of the governor
295:
When they asked for the money which the Imám owed them, he stalled, and began to find ways of evading the payment. He met with Shaykh
Muhammad-Baqir, another influential Islamic leader, and they created a plan to destroy the two of them. They approached Sultan-Mas'ud Mirza, the governor of Isfahan,
334:
Rope were fastened to the corpses, and they were then dragged around the city and left at the gallows, where people continued to throw stones at them. At the close of the day, their bodies were taken to an archway, which was brought down over them. The date was March 17, 1879. They were eventually
330:
The governor argued with the Ulama that the two brothers were not guilty of any treasonable act and had done nothing hostile to the State. He refused to give orders for their execution. One of the Ulama then offered to kill them with his own hands. A large sum of money was offered to the governor,
354:
Mírzá Muhammad-Hasan left behind a widow named Fátimih Begum, and a son named Mírzá ʻAbdu'l-Husayn. Baháʼu'lláh directed them to come to Akka so that they might be compensated for all that had passed. Mírzá ʻAbdu'l-Husayn, died in the city. (Memorials of the
Faithful, pg. 173) The third of
347:, was addressed to Shaykh Muhammad Báqir, giving him the title of the 'Wolf', and the title of 'She-Serpent' to Muhammad Husayn, the Imám Jum'ih of Isfahán. The two, along with the governor of Isfahan were the three main conspirators against the brothers. Baháʼu'lláh also wrote the
231:
The older brother was Mírzá Muhammad-Husayn, given the title Mahbúbu's͟h-S͟huhadáʼ (Beloved of
Martyrs). His brother was Mírzá Muhammad-Hasan, given the title Sultánu's͟h-S͟huhadaʼ (King of Martyrs). The latter was identified as one of the nineteen
275:
The brothers followed in the footsteps of their father, Mírzá Ibráhím. They had for years helped the Imám-Jum'ih in managing his affairs, making several payments on his behalf, which became quite a substantial amount.
291:
as well as
Dutchman Johan Colligan. The two brothers were well known to be selfless, upright and kindly men. Part of their success as merchants has been attributed to their record of honest and upright transactions.
315:
The two brothers were tortured, and promised release upon recanting their faith and cursing its leaders, which they never did. The collaborators wrote a letter to the Shah in
184:
243:, and were both rich and highly endowed with trading acumen. They were beheaded in the city of Isfahan in 1879 as a result of three persons: Mir Muhammad-Husayn, the
331:
which he accepted. Before the orders could be carried out, a crowd broke into the prison holding them and dragged them into the street, where they were torn apart.
840:
343:
Baháʼu'lláh wrote several tablets lamenting over the loss of the two brothers, and denouncing the treachery that provoked their murder. One such tablet,
344:
177:
582:
577:
902:
170:
937:
952:
781:
505:
932:
845:
922:
927:
474:
693:
558:
734:
662:
592:
233:
37:
451:
425:
216:, a global religion of Persian origin. They were beheaded in 1879 as a result of being Baháʼís. Numerous letters and
907:
217:
128:
942:
355:ʻAbdu'l-Bahá's four surviving daughters, Rúhá Khánum, married Mírzá Jalál, another son of the King of Martyrs. She
912:
787:
308:
248:
865:
777:
572:
348:
268:
708:
882:
667:
220:
were written in their honour by Baháʼu'lláh, who gave them the titles which they are commonly known as: the
288:
83:
498:
809:
672:
870:
143:
860:
814:
646:
466:
The Babi
Question You Mentioned--: The Origins of the Baha'i Community of the Netherlands, 1844-1962
850:
567:
148:
47:
640:
739:
698:
597:
491:
855:
528:
209:
947:
749:
108:
917:
538:
437:
391:
57:
799:
626:
514:
296:
and he quickly agreed to have them thrown in jail, on the grounds that they were Baháʼís.
213:
93:
8:
587:
123:
98:
729:
677:
602:
252:
118:
804:
470:
447:
421:
247:
of
Isfahan; Shaykh Muhammad-Baqir, another influential Muslim cleric of Isfahan; and
78:
356:
619:
133:
103:
464:
201:
754:
724:
240:
283:(relatives of the Báb), who had a vast and profitable network stretching from
896:
279:
The brothers were merchants, and participated in a trading network with the
824:
633:
441:
153:
113:
208:, meaning "twin shining lights") are two brothers who were followers of
62:
759:
327:
and demand the death of the brothers, chanting "Oh for our
Religion!"
263:
284:
744:
703:
304:
280:
88:
138:
19:
792:
483:
316:
244:
533:
819:
548:
323:
396:
Chronology of the Bábí and Baháʼí Faiths and related history
24:
King of
Martyrs (left), and Beloved of Martyrs (right)
894:
436:
499:
415:
178:
267:Shaykh Muhammad-Baqir, given the title of '
506:
492:
418:Eminent Baháʼís in the time of Baháʼu'lláh
374:
372:
185:
171:
462:
378:
303:
262:
255:, who governed Isfahan during the time.
18:
369:
895:
420:. The Camelot Press Ltd, Southampton.
335:buried in the Takht-i-Fulad cemetery.
487:
392:"Search for tag "Beloved of Martyrs""
351:to the son of Shaykh Muhammad Báqir.
205:
13:
14:
964:
938:People executed by dismemberment
547:
513:
46:
953:19th-century executions by Iran
933:Victims of human rights abuses
446:. US Baháʼí Publishing Trust.
384:
349:Epistle to the Son of the Wolf
1:
923:People executed by Qajar Iran
362:
258:
239:The two were both natives of
16:Two Iranian Bahá'ís, brothers
338:
299:
7:
10:
969:
673:Universal House of Justice
879:
841:Socioeconomic development
833:
770:
717:
686:
655:
611:
556:
545:
521:
443:Memorials of the Faithful
398:. Bahai-Library.com. 2015
463:de Vries, Jelle (2002).
943:Executed Iranian people
903:Apostles of Baháʼu'lláh
663:Covenant of Baháʼu'lláh
641:Some Answered Questions
234:Apostles of Baháʼu'lláh
32:Part of a series on the
846:Progressive revelation
469:. Peeters Publishers.
416:Balyuzi, H.M. (1985).
312:
272:
26:
788:Shrine of Baháʼu'lláh
750:Letters of the Living
311:, governor of Isfahan
307:
266:
212:, the founder of the
22:
928:19th-century Bahá'ís
678:Spiritual Assemblies
668:Administrative Order
144:Shaykh Muhammad-ʻAlí
309:Sultan-Mas'ud Mirza
249:Sultán-Mas'úd Mírzá
72:("King of Martyrs")
69:Sultánu'sh-Shuhadaʼ
730:Hands of the Cause
603:Nineteen Day Feast
357:broke the Covenant
313:
273:
226:Beloved of Martyrs
198:Núrayn-i-Nayyirayn
149:Zaynu'l-Muqarrabín
27:
890:
889:
800:Shrine of the Báb
583:Unity of religion
578:Unity of humanity
476:978-90-429-1109-3
253:Násiri'd-Dín Sháh
195:
194:
960:
778:House of Worship
634:The Hidden Words
551:
508:
501:
494:
485:
484:
480:
457:
431:
408:
407:
405:
403:
388:
382:
376:
207:
187:
180:
173:
129:Muhammad Mustafá
84:Mírzá Abu'l-Faḍl
73:
50:
29:
28:
968:
967:
963:
962:
961:
959:
958:
957:
908:Iranian Bahá'ís
893:
892:
891:
886:
875:
829:
766:
713:
682:
651:
607:
552:
543:
522:Central figures
517:
512:
477:
454:
428:
412:
411:
401:
399:
390:
389:
385:
377:
370:
365:
341:
302:
261:
222:King of Martyrs
191:
109:Vakílu'd-Dawlih
75:
71:
70:
39:
25:
17:
12:
11:
5:
966:
956:
955:
950:
945:
940:
935:
930:
925:
920:
915:
913:Bahá'í martyrs
910:
905:
888:
887:
880:
877:
876:
874:
873:
868:
863:
858:
853:
848:
843:
837:
835:
831:
830:
828:
827:
822:
817:
812:
807:
802:
797:
796:
795:
785:
774:
772:
768:
767:
765:
764:
763:
762:
757:
752:
742:
737:
732:
727:
725:Shoghi Effendi
721:
719:
715:
714:
712:
711:
706:
701:
696:
694:Baháʼí history
690:
688:
684:
683:
681:
680:
675:
670:
665:
659:
657:
653:
652:
650:
649:
644:
637:
630:
623:
615:
613:
609:
608:
606:
605:
600:
595:
590:
585:
580:
575:
570:
564:
562:
554:
553:
546:
544:
542:
541:
536:
531:
525:
523:
519:
518:
511:
510:
503:
496:
488:
482:
481:
475:
459:
458:
452:
433:
432:
426:
410:
409:
383:
367:
366:
364:
361:
359:in the 1940s.
340:
337:
301:
298:
260:
257:
193:
192:
190:
189:
182:
175:
167:
164:
163:
159:
158:
157:
156:
151:
146:
141:
136:
131:
126:
121:
116:
111:
106:
101:
96:
91:
86:
81:
76:
67:
65:
60:
52:
51:
43:
42:
34:
33:
23:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
965:
954:
951:
949:
946:
944:
941:
939:
936:
934:
931:
929:
926:
924:
921:
919:
916:
914:
911:
909:
906:
904:
901:
900:
898:
885:
884:
878:
872:
869:
867:
864:
862:
859:
857:
854:
852:
849:
847:
844:
842:
839:
838:
836:
832:
826:
823:
821:
818:
816:
813:
811:
808:
806:
803:
801:
798:
794:
791:
790:
789:
786:
783:
779:
776:
775:
773:
769:
761:
758:
756:
753:
751:
748:
747:
746:
743:
741:
740:Other Baháʼís
738:
736:
733:
731:
728:
726:
723:
722:
720:
716:
710:
707:
705:
702:
700:
697:
695:
692:
691:
689:
685:
679:
676:
674:
671:
669:
666:
664:
661:
660:
658:
654:
648:
645:
643:
642:
638:
636:
635:
631:
629:
628:
624:
622:
621:
620:Kitáb-i-Aqdas
617:
616:
614:
612:Key scripture
610:
604:
601:
599:
596:
594:
591:
589:
586:
584:
581:
579:
576:
574:
571:
569:
566:
565:
563:
560:
555:
550:
540:
537:
535:
532:
530:
527:
526:
524:
520:
516:
509:
504:
502:
497:
495:
490:
489:
486:
478:
472:
468:
467:
461:
460:
455:
453:0-87743-041-1
449:
445:
444:
439:
435:
434:
429:
427:0-85398-152-3
423:
419:
414:
413:
397:
393:
387:
381:, pp. 24
380:
379:de Vries 2002
375:
373:
368:
360:
358:
352:
350:
346:
345:Lawh-i-Burhán
336:
332:
328:
325:
320:
318:
310:
306:
297:
293:
290:
286:
282:
277:
270:
265:
256:
254:
251:, the son of
250:
246:
242:
237:
235:
229:
227:
223:
219:
215:
211:
203:
199:
188:
183:
181:
176:
174:
169:
168:
166:
165:
161:
160:
155:
152:
150:
147:
145:
142:
140:
137:
135:
134:Mishkín-Qalam
132:
130:
127:
125:
122:
120:
119:Nabíl-i-Aʻzam
117:
115:
112:
110:
107:
105:
104:Nabíl-i-Akbar
102:
100:
97:
95:
92:
90:
87:
85:
82:
80:
77:
74:
66:
64:
61:
59:
56:
55:
54:
53:
49:
45:
44:
41:
36:
35:
31:
30:
21:
948:Brother duos
881:
834:Other topics
810:World Centre
755:Mullá Husayn
656:Institutions
639:
632:
627:Kitáb-i-Íqán
625:
618:
573:Unity of God
539:ʻAbdu'l-Bahá
515:Baháʼí Faith
465:
442:
438:ʻAbdu'l-Bahá
417:
400:. Retrieved
395:
386:
353:
342:
333:
329:
321:
314:
294:
278:
274:
238:
230:
225:
221:
214:Baháʼí Faith
197:
196:
94:Mírzá Mahmúd
68:
918:1879 deaths
871:Orthography
709:Persecution
647:Other Texts
529:Baháʼu'lláh
245:Imám-Jum'ih
210:Baháʼu'lláh
206:نورين نيران
154:Ibn-i-Asdaq
114:Ibn-i-Abhar
99:Hají Ákhúnd
40:Baháʼu'lláh
38:Apostles of
897:Categories
866:Statistics
861:Prophecies
815:Pilgrimage
805:Síyáh-Chál
363:References
259:Background
58:Mírzá Músá
851:Cosmology
568:Teachings
402:March 17,
339:Aftermath
300:Martyrdom
285:Hong Kong
79:Hájí Amín
883:Category
735:Apostles
699:Timeline
598:Calendar
557:Basics (
440:(1971).
289:Caucasus
269:The Wolf
224:and the
124:Samandar
856:Symbols
760:Táhirih
687:History
559:outline
534:The Báb
287:to the
241:Isfahan
218:tablets
793:Qiblih
771:Places
718:People
704:Bábism
593:Prayer
473:
450:
424:
317:Tehran
202:Arabic
162:
820:Haifa
745:Bábis
324:Ulama
281:Afnán
89:Varqá
63:Badíʻ
825:Acre
782:List
588:Laws
471:ISBN
448:ISBN
422:ISBN
404:2015
322:The
139:Adíb
899::
394:.
371:^
236:.
228:.
204::
784:)
780:(
561:)
507:e
500:t
493:v
479:.
456:.
430:.
406:.
271:'
200:(
186:e
179:t
172:v
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