Mount Garibaldi - Knowledge

1145:

half of the volcano's volume into the Squamish Valley. This catastrophic collapse produced the 25-square-kilometre (9.7-square-mile) Cheekye Fan and the scarp exposing the internal structure of Mount Garibaldi. Soon before or after the buried ice had melted away, the Dalton Dome stage commenced with the eruption of dacite lava down Mount Garibaldi's north and northeastern flanks. Another dacite flow issued from Dalton Dome shortly after the ice sheet had receded, having travelled down the landslide scarp on Mount Garibaldi's western flank. Possibly contemporaneous volcanism occurred at Opal Cone with the eruption of the voluminous Ring Creek lava flow between 10,700 and 9,300 years ago. This represents the latest known eruptive event at Mount Garibaldi and the volcano is now considered to be dormant.

1278: 1167: 1038: 1778: 180: 719: 1393: 1579: 584: 1611: 1137: 38: 1175: 187: 825: 1860: 1505: 1468:. Access to the ski resort was to be by helicopter or snowshoes in winter, although a rough road winding up the ridge to the ski resort lodge was to provide four-wheel drive access in summer. The ski resort was to open in the winter of 1970, but financial difficulties in 1969 halted all developments. In January 1970, the three Swiss-style chalets remained unfinished, the gondola lift consisted only of towers with no lift cables, and the gondola cars were stored in another building at the foot of Mount Garibaldi. 1091: 6876: 1372:. The first ascent of Mount Garibaldi was made by Vancouver mountaineers Gordon B. Warren, Arthur Tinniswood Dalton, Tom C. Pattison, William Tinniswood Dalton, James John Trorey and Atwell Duncan King on August 11, 1907. This mountaineering party had recognized the volcanic origin of the mountain. Another party led by A. T. Dalton ascended the main peak and dome of Mount Garibaldi by a new and better route in 1908. This was followed by an ascent to the summit in 1910 by members of the 975: 1313:, they passed down a story of the great flood that covered their land after the last ice age. During the flood, Mount Garibaldi was only one of two mountains that peaked over the water. The Squamish people headed for Mount Garibaldi and latched their canoes to the mountain with a rope made from woven cedar bark in order to prevent being swept away. As the flood waters started to recede, a large lake was formed and the Squamish people returned to their home site in Squamish. 1846: 1570:

towards Cat Lake. About 5 kilometres (3.1 miles) down the road is a gate that is locked at 5 p.m. on Friday evenings and not reopened until Sunday evenings. After the gate has been passed, the road heads eastward and switchbacks up the southwestern slope of Brohm Ridge. It then passes the abandoned ski area on top of the ridge before terminating. From the road's end, Brohm Ridge is hiked to the Garibaldi Névé.

1444:, nurse Lucille Warden, pilot Bob Drinkwater and stretcher passenger Joseph Neumeyer, the latter being an injured miner who was being rushed to a hospital in Vancouver. The smashed plane and deceased passengers were found by a ground search party on October 20. This was followed by removal of the passengers from the wreckage on October 21. Post-accident investigation could not determine the cause of the crash. 1545:. Mamquam Road then extends northeast and becomes Garibaldi Park Road. At the end of Garibaldi Park Road is the Diamond Head parking lot, which lies 16 kilometres (9.9 miles) from Highway 99 at an elevation of 914 metres (2,999 feet). The 11-kilometre-long (6.8-mile) Diamond Head hiking trail commences from the parking lot to the Elfin Lakes where Opal Cone, Columnar Peak, The Gargoyles and 1103:. Parts of this "proto-Garibaldi" or ancestral volcano are exposed on Mount Garibaldi's lower northern and eastern flanks and on the upper 240 metres (790 feet) of Brohm Ridge. Around where Columnar Peak and possibly Glacier Pikes are now located, several coalescing dacitic domes were constructed. Dacite from the western end of Alice Ridge, from Columnar Peak and from Mount Garibaldi have 470:. The latest period of volcanic activity took place about 10,000 years ago with eruptions from Dalton Dome and Opal Cone after the ice sheet retreated. Although the mountain is not known to have been volcanically active since that time, it could erupt again, which could endanger the nearby populace. If this were to happen, relief efforts could be organized by teams such as the 1046:

feet), a draping relief of 2,375 metres (7,792 feet), an elevation of 2,678 metres (8,786 feet) and a height of 700 metres (2,300 feet). With a length of 3 kilometres (1.9 miles) and a width of 5 kilometres (3.1 miles), Mount Garibaldi is one of the larger volcanoes in the Garibaldi Volcanic Belt. The western side of the mountain contains a 600-metre-high (2,000-foot)

1260:

the system might detect activity only once the volcano has started erupting. If Mount Garibaldi were to erupt, mechanisms exist to orchestrate relief efforts. The Interagency Volcanic Event Notification Plan was created to outline the notification procedure of some of the main agencies that would respond to an erupting volcano in Canada, an eruption close to the

1631:

meet another group of skiers on April 14. They became trapped by a blizzard on the 2,300-metre (7,500-foot) level of Mount Garibaldi on April 13 where the three men set up a camp. The trio remained at the camp until April 17 when the weather cleared. Fresh ski marks left by the three mountaineers were spotted that morning by ground searchers and a

1066:

well-defined levees along its margins. The emplacement of the Ring Creek lava flow altered drainage patterns along a valley bottom downstream, causing Skookum Creek and the Mamquam River to follow the southern margin of the lava flow and Ring Creek to follow along the northern margin. Sediments eroded from the Ring Creek lava flow form an

746:. Immediately to the north of Mount Garibaldi and directly below its northern face, the Warren Glacier flows towards the Cheakamus River. The Garibaldi Névé and its outlet glaciers have a combined area of about 30 square kilometres (12 square miles). Other glaciers on Mount Garibaldi include Cheekye Glacier south of the summit and 1424:, Washington. The leader of the climbing party, Joseph T. Hazard, stated that "while a little less than 9,000 feet high, Mount Garibaldi is much more difficult of ascent than any of the major peaks of Washington". In 1927, Mount Garibaldi was incorporated into the newly formed, 195,000-hectare (480,000-acre) 1806:

that divides the southeast and southwest faces of Atwell Peak. It leads directly to Atwell's summit, climbing steep terrain throughout its entirety. The route is generally ascended during winter when in optimal condition. Hazards include snow cornices as well as unprotected climbing on loose rock and

1747:

up Mount Garibaldi is the East Face Route (grade II and class 3–4). It is normally approached via Garibaldi Névé or Elfin Lakes, although it can also be approached via Alice Ridge. This route crosses the Garibaldi Névé and ascends toward the Garibaldi–Atwell saddle west of The Tent where crevasses in

1626:

Frank de Bruyn, a 16-year-old mountain climber from Vancouver, was killed by a small avalanche near the snow-covered summit of Mount Garibaldi on July 19, 1961. De Bruyn was one of three youths climbing Mount Garibaldi, the other two being 18-year-olds James Hebden and James Fowler. Hebden got caught

1332:

history and culture. During battles, the thunderbird helped the Squamish people fight against evil by shooting lightning from its eyes and creating powerful winds and thunder with its wings. The obsidian outcrop is where lightning from the thunderbird's eyes struck ground. Garibaldi obsidian was used

1819:

At least three routes run up Mount Garibaldi to Dalton Dome, none of which are commonly climbed due to extremely poor quality rock. The most direct independent summit route to Dalton Dome is the Northwest Shoulder Route (grade II and class 4), which is approached via Brohm Ridge to the base of Mount

1810:

The Southeast Face Routes (grade II and class 3–4) are approached via Alice Ridge or Elfin Lakes to Diamond Glacier. They ascend couloirs in steep shattered rock, one of which offers a direct climb to a point immediately south of Atwell's summit. The routes offer a straightforward snow and ice climb

1606:

and other crevasses can pose difficulty and danger in late spring or summer when snow and ice has melted away. Rockfalls and loose rock are ever-present hazards at this time of the year; rocks regularly rumble down Mount Garibaldi's flanks without apparent provocation. For this reason, early-season,

1586:

Mountain climbing on Mount Garibaldi is done in winter when the loose volcanic rocks comprising the mountain are frozen in place by snow and ice. Most climbing routes are confined to the glaciers and snow slopes, which are abundant in winter and spring. They require climbers to possess some level of

1528:

offers overnight stays and can sleep up to 33 people. It is equipped with a propane heater, a wash sink, pit toilet facilities, propane lights, two propane hot plates and four picnic tables. The Elfin Lakes Campground offers a day-use shelter, hang storage facilities, pit toilet facilities, two

1479:

and his proposal was denied by the Ministry of Environment, Lands and Parks in 1991, saying it "did not make economic sense". The ski resort proposed by Richter would have operated as a day-use area and would have featured an almost 1,000-metre-high (3,300-foot) vertical drop. Such a drop would have

1218:

At the head of the Cheekye River are several fractures and linear scarps that face up-slope. These features, referred to as the Cheekye linears, occur in pyroclastic rocks and interbedded andesitic and dacitic flows on the slopes of Brohm and Alice ridges. They may have formed as a result of sliding

798:

Mount Garibaldi lies within the Squamish River watershed. Its steep western face is the source of the Cheekye River which drains a small but steep catchment on its western flank that covers an area of 60 square kilometres (23 square miles). The Cheekye River flows west into the Cheakamus River which

1791:

directly to the summit ridge over moderately sloping snow and ice with a very steep finish. Both the Armenian and Siberian expresses are exposed to rockfall and have high avalanche danger. For this reason, these routes are mainly climbed in winter when they are well-frozen and contain stable snow.

1259:

has been established to monitor earthquakes throughout Canada, but it is too far away to provide an accurate indication of activity under the mountain. It may sense an increase in seismic activity if Mount Garibaldi becomes highly restless, but this may only provide a warning for a large eruption;

1190:

have not been identified at Mount Garibaldi, Peléan eruptions can also produce large amounts of volcanic ash that could significantly affect the nearby communities of Whistler and Squamish. Peléan eruptions might cause short and long term water supply problems for the city of Vancouver and most of

1045:

Like many other stratovolcanoes in the Cascade Volcanic Arc, Mount Garibaldi stands out by itself above the surrounding landscape. This is in contrast to most other volcanoes in the Coast Mountains, which are hidden within higher subranges. The mountain has a proximal relief of 1,300 metres (4,300

729:

The northern and eastern flanks of Mount Garibaldi are covered by the Garibaldi Névé, the main glacial feature at the volcano. Several individually named outlet glaciers drain the Garibaldi Névé. These include Garibaldi Glacier northwest of Opal Cone, North Pitt Glacier on the northeastern face of

1630:

Vancouver mountaineers Lloyd Williams, 26, Heinz Rostek, 22, and Don Hoover, 22, were trapped on Mount Garibaldi for four days in April 1963. The trio left the Diamond Head chalet on April 11 for a 19-kilometre-long (12-mile) skiing trip around Mount Garibaldi to Garibaldi Lake where they were to

1594:

The Garibaldi Névé is a common ski destination, particularly in spring, and provides open access to many of the climbing routes. In later season, skiing across the névé is possible, but not much easier than walking. Skis are rarely used by June or July when most ascents are made. The glaciers and

1447:

Vancouver teachers Christopher Clifford Harris, 33, and Margo Anne Fowler, 26, got married on the summit of Mount Garibaldi on April 14, 1973, to express their passion for mountain climbing. The couple managed to get to the nearly inaccessible, 12-by-30-metre (39-by-98-foot) summit by helicopter.

1144:

Glacial overlap was most significant on the west and somewhat to the south. Subsequent melting of the ice sheet and its component glaciers removed support from the western flank of Mount Garibaldi, resulting in a series of landslides between 12,800 and 11,500 years ago that moved nearly

1516:

is the Brohm Ridge Chalet, a three-story European-style lodge built in the 1960s as part of the attempted ski resort development. It is now operated by the Black Tusk Snowmobile Club, a non-profit organization founded in 1971 in the community of Squamish. The Brohm Ridge Chalet sleeps a total of

1227:

villages nearby. The danger of catastrophic landslides from Mount Garibaldi has restricted development on the Cheekye Fan. In 2018, a major development on the Cheekye Fan was approved by Squamish council. The project included 537 single-family units, 678 multi-unit dwellings and a $ 45

1794:

The normal route up Atwell Peak is the North Ridge Route (grade III and class 4–5). It is a straightforward ascent up the short, exposed and shattered ridge to Atwell's summit from the Garibaldi–Atwell saddle, which can be reached via the East Face Route. The north ridge is alpine in character,

1790:

on the far right of the northwest face. This couloir is ascended until loose rock forces a traverse onto the south ridge just below the summit. The second route is the Siberian Express (grade V and class 4–5) and ascends the huge central couloir just north of the summit of Atwell Peak. It leads

1569:

dividing Diamond Head and The Gargoyles is then traversed northeasterly on a trail to the Garibaldi Névé. It is also possible to access Mount Garibaldi from Brohm Ridge. An unmarked road just before Brohm Lake and north of the Alice Lake Provincial Park turnoff extends southward from Highway 99

1065:

Mount Garibaldi is bounded by Brohm Ridge on the northwest and by Alice Ridge on the southwest. Extending from the southern flank of Mount Garibaldi is the unusually long Ring Creek lava flow. It is dacitic in composition, attains a length of approximately 15 kilometres (9.3 miles) and contains

1380:

ascended Mount Garibaldi from the southeast face on August 13, 1911. The first women to attain the summit of Mount Garibaldi were Vancouver climbers Pansy Munday and L. C. Hanafin on July 16, 1913. They ascended the west face of Mount Garibaldi by approaching from the southwest, which involved

1148:

At least two debris flows in the order of 100,000 cubic metres (3,500,000 cubic feet) occurred at Mount Garibaldi in the 1930s and 1950s, both of which swept down the Cheekye River. The 1950s debris flow was caused by heavy rains and reached the Cheakamus River where it formed a 5-metre-high

1618:

In April 1950, Vancouver photographer Otto E. Landauer fractured a leg when a ski broke while skiing on Mount Garibaldi. It was Landauer's first accident as an expert skier, having occurred as the 46-year-old neared Diamond Head Lodge. Landauer was brought down Mount Garibaldi by a party of

1549:

can be viewed. A 6.5-kilometre-long (4.0-mile) hiking trail extending from the Elfin Lakes leads down to Ring Creek then climbs Opal Cone where Mamquam Lake and the Garibaldi Névé can be viewed from its summit. The route to the Garibaldi Névé on Mount Garibaldi's eastern flank is marked by

1157:

are known in the Garibaldi area. However, there is evidence of anomalously high heat flow in Table Meadows and elsewhere. At least three seismic events have occurred at Mount Garibaldi since 1985, indicating that the volcano is potentially active and poses a significant hazard to the area.

1496:. A total of 15,000 skiers would have been spread across 400 hectares (990 acres) of skiable terrain per day. Accommodation would have been provided by a mid-mountain village and an upper village at elevations of 1,100 and 1,300 metres (3,600 and 4,300 feet), respectively. 1002:

erupted at all three volcanoes relatively early in their histories. At Mount Garibaldi, the total volume of volcanic rocks amount to 16 to 20 cubic kilometres (3.8 to 4.8 cubic miles) and represent many episodes of activity spanning from about 670,000 years ago to the

461:

forming Mount Garibaldi. Volcanism between 260,000 and 220,000 years ago constructed an ancestral cone that was subsequently destroyed. Another growth period began with the eruption of Atwell Peak about 13,000 years ago when Mount Garibaldi was surrounded by an

807:

originates from the Bishop and Diamond glaciers on Mount Garibaldi. It flows west and southwest into the Mamquam River which flows west and south into the mouth of the Squamish River. Zig Zag Creek drains Lava Glacier and flows southeast into Skookum Creek. The

1115:

and fragmented debris from the Atwell Peak stage. This period of growth began about 13,000 years ago with the eruption of the Atwell Peak plug dome from a ridge surrounded by the ice sheet. As the plug dome rose, massive sheets of broken lava crumbled as

1022:. Several dacitic domes and derivative pyroclastic material then built the main volcanic edifice starting about 260,000 years ago. Much of the volcano was rebuilt in the last 50,000 years by a series of violent eruptions similar in character to the 1128:

accompanied these cooler avalanches, forming a fragmental cone with an overall slope of 12–15 degrees; erosion has since steepened this slope. Some of the glacial ice was melted by the eruptions, forming a small lake against Brohm Ridge's southern arm. The

1098:

At least three stages of eruptive activity contributed to the formation of Mount Garibaldi. The initial Cheekye stage took place between 260,000 and 220,000 years ago with the eruption of dacite and breccia, resulting in the formation of a broad

1107:

of 260,000 ± 160,000 years, 220,000 ± 220,000 years and 260,000 ± 130,000 years, respectively. During the ensuing long period of dormancy, the Cheekye River cut a deep valley into the cone's western flank which was later filled with the Fraser ice sheet.

760:

in 2015 determined that 70% of all the glacial ice in Canada would be melted away by the year 2100. However, observations of the nearby Helm Glacier and other glaciers throughout Canada in 2022 suggest that the 2015 estimate may be an underestimation.

777:

architect, city assessor and mountaineer who took part in the first ascent of Mount Garibaldi. The eastern side of Mount Garibaldi contains a peak known as The Tent. Opal Cone on the southeastern flank of Mount Garibaldi is a 1,740-metre (5,710-foot)

405:

is a sharp, conical peak slightly higher than the more rounded peak of Dalton Dome. Both were volcanically active at different times throughout Mount Garibaldi's eruptive history. The northern and eastern flanks of Mount Garibaldi are obscured by the

1591:, respectively. Ski camping on the Garibaldi Névé is common in winter, but high winds are not unusual. Therefore, most winter skiers and climbers wisely protect campsites by digging into the snow or constructing snow walls or igloos for shelter. 1607:

cold-weather snow ascents are recommended for most routes up Mount Garibaldi. However, at least some of these routes can have high avalanche danger in winter and spring, making rockfalls and avalanches ever-present hazards throughout the year.

1432:

was named after Mount Garibaldi and contains a number of other volcanoes, including Mount Price, Cinder Cone, The Black Tusk and The Table. Despite being the namesake of Garibaldi Provincial Park, Mount Garibaldi is not its highest mountain.

603:

often passing over this area. During winter, cold Arctic air invades from the Central Interior, resulting in extreme cloud cover and snow. A number of other volcanoes are situated within the Eastern Pacific Ranges Ecosection. This includes

2271: 1627:

in the edge of the avalanche and was sent to the Squamish General Hospital after sustaining a lung injury. Fowler escaped injury, but underwent shock treatment the next day after stumbling down the mountainside with word of the accident.

595:, the Eastern Pacific Ranges Ecosection being the main ecosection at Mount Garibaldi. This ecosection is characterized by a rugged landscape of mountains that increase in elevation from south to north; the northern summits contain large 1239:, generally resulting in the formation of steep-sided lava domes and stubby lava flows. An exception is the 15-kilometre-long (9.3-mile) Ring Creek dacite flow from Opal Cone, a length that is normally attained by basaltic lava flows. 1811:

in winter when the couloirs are covered with stable snow and iced over with rocks frozen in place. Hazards include snow cornices lining the summit ridge in winter, as well as avalanches and rockfalls in less than optimal conditions.

1619:

25 holidayers at Diamond Head Lodge and then transferred to a light truck which took him to Squamish via logging road. The 46-hour rescue operation ended on April 11 when a speedboat waiting at Squamish brought Landauer to

3411:

Dashgard, Shahin; Ward, Brent (2014). "Holocene human interaction and adaptation to geological and climatic changes in the Lower Mainland, Fraser Canyon, and Coast Mountain area of British Columbia: A geoarchaeological view".

764:

Mount Garibaldi contains a number of individually named peaks. Atwell Peak is a conical plug dome 2,620 metres (8,600 feet) in elevation. It is named after Atwell Duncan Francis Joseph King, an ardent mountaineer who led the

501:

crashed on the slopes of Mount Garibaldi in 1953; all five people aboard were killed. The construction of a ski resort was begun in the late 1960s, but developments were halted in 1969 due to financial difficulties. Several

1764:

where a bergschrund is crossed with potential difficulty. Broken rock or snow is then ascended to the summit. This route is often traversed on skis by parties travelling over the Garibaldi Névé. The area below the summit

599:. A transitional climate between coastal maritime and interior continental climates dominates the Eastern Pacific Ranges Ecosection. It is characterized by little precipitation and mild temperatures due to air from the 1540:

Mamquam Road, 4 kilometres (2.5 miles) north of downtown Squamish, provides access to Mount Garibaldi from Highway 99. This easterly paved road traverses the Squamish Golf and Country Club and then heads north through

876:, all of which formed in the last 1.3 million years. The Mount Garibaldi–Garibaldi Lake volcanic field is normally separated into the Mount Garibaldi and Garibaldi Lake volcanic fields on the basis of differing 1785:

Two considerably more challenging and objectively dangerous routes run up the northwest face of Atwell Peak. The first route, referred to as the Armenian Express (grade V and class 4–5), involves climbing the major

786:

known as The Sharkin separates the Warren and North Pitt glaciers on the northeast side of Mount Garibaldi. Diamond Head is a subsidiary peak on the south side of Mount Garibaldi named for its resemblance to

579:

occur along the western margin of the Pacific Ranges Ecoregion. The Pacific Ranges Ecoregion is part of the Coast and Mountains Ecoprovince which forms part of the Humid Maritime and Highlands Ecodivision.

1595:

snow slopes of Mount Garibaldi become boggy and then normally melt away after June or July in most years. In contrast, the Garibaldi Névé provides open access to several climbing routes until late summer.

1756:

ridge at the foot of Atwell Peak's southeast buttress. Once the saddle has been climbed by ascending a final steep slope, the rocky summit of Mount Garibaldi is reached by proceeding up Cheekye Glacier.

953:

currently converge at a rate of 3 to 4 centimetres (1.2 to 1.6 inches) per year, only about half the rate of convergence from seven million years ago. This slowed convergence likely accounts for reduced

1760:

The Northeast Face Route (grade II and class 3–4) is a straightforward glacier ascent crossing the Warren Glacier. It ascends moderate snow and glacier slopes of the northeast face then approaches the

4050: 1215:; volcanic ash reduces visibility and can cause jet engine failure, as well as damage to other aircraft systems. These volcanic hazards become more serious as the Lower Mainland grows in population. 2284: 1752:

can sometimes make traversing difficult. There is also the danger of avalanches during ripe snow conditions. A more common and less crevassed approach is via Diamond Glacier to a saddle in the

1333:

to create tools due to its ability to form sharp edges, but its quality is poor compared to other obsidian sources in British Columbia. Pieces of Garibaldi obsidian are distributed in the

7516: 1376:

and a local mountaineering club. Party members included A. Morkill, B. S. Darling, A. Cawdry, W. G. Barker, A. J. Armistead and Mr. Wedgwood. A party consisting of 13 members of the

1054:. At the time of its formation, the Cheekye Fan extended across Howe Sound, resulting in the impoundment of a freshwater lake upstream of the fan. The Squamish River subsequently built a 1916:

According to Hildreth's definitions, draping relief marks the difference between the summit elevation and the edifice's lowest distal lava flows (excluding pyroclastic and debris flows).

1532:

The Rampart Ponds Campground, located 10 kilometres (6.2 miles) northeast of the Elfin Lakes shelter, offers food storage facilities, pit toilet facilities and 12 tent platforms.

2874: 3657:

Fath, Jared; Clague, John J.; Friele, Pierre (2018). "Influence of a large debris flow fan on the late Holocene evolution of Squamish River, southwest British Columbia, Canada".

2824:

Koch, Johannes; Menounos, Brian; Clague, John J. (2009). "Glacier change in Garibaldi Provincial Park, southern Coast Mountains, British Columbia, since the Little Ice Age".

1448:

They wore traditional mountaineering garb for their wedding. According to Harris, "You can see snow and mountain tops forever. Even Mount Baker, and that's 100 miles away."

1830:

Ascending the Warren Glacier headwall on the far right side is the North Face Route (grade III and class 4–5). It climbs steep snow and remarkably unstable rock to a small

1305:

it means "Dirty Place", referring to the muddy waters of the Cheekye River. Mount Garibaldi is considered sacred to the Squamish people as it is an important part of their

773:, as well as steep and loose faces that are prone to avalanching. Dalton Dome is a 2,633-metre (8,638-foot) blunt summit named after Arthur Tinniswood Dalton. Dalton was a 4552: 3805:

Brooks, Gregory R.; Friele, Pierre (1992). "Bracketing ages for the formation of the Ring Creek lava flow, Mount Garibaldi volcanic field, southwestern British Columbia".

4008:

Friele, Pierre A.; Ekes, C.; Hickin, E. J. (1999). "Evolution of Cheekye fan, Squamish, British Columbia: Holocene sedimentation and implications for hazard assessment".

1907:

According to Hildreth's definitions, proximal relief refers to the difference between the summit elevation and the highest exposure of old rocks under the main edifice.

70: 1050:

exposing its internal structure. This scarp formed as a result of collapse of the western flank which produced a debris flow deposit in the Squamish Valley called the

3484:

Read, Peter B. (1990). "Late Cenozoic Volcanism in the Mount Garibaldi and Garibaldi Lake Volcanic Fields, Garibaldi Volcanic Belt, Southwestern British Columbia".

4387: 3619: 1235:

in composition, containing 62–69% silica content. This high percentage in silica content increases the viscosity of dacitic melts relative to that of andesite or

4282:

Wilson, Alexander M.; Kelman, Melanie C. (2021). Assessing the relative threats from Canadian volcanoes (Report). Geological Survey of Canada, Open File 8790.

1436:

On October 19, 1953, a plane operated by Pacific Western Airlines crashed on the slopes of Mount Garibaldi, killing all five people aboard. The plane was on a

4378:

Clague, John J.; Friele, Pierre; Hutchinson, Ian (2003). "Chronology and Hazards of Large Debris Flows in the Cheekye River Basin, British Columbia, Canada".

3446:

Hickson, C. J. (1994). "Character of volcanism, volcanic hazards, and risk, northern end of the Cascade magmatic arc, British Columbia and Washington State".

4429: 742:

and Pike Glacier east of Glacier Pikes. The Garibaldi and Lava glaciers issue from the south side of the Garibaldi Névé, sending their muddy waters to the

4493:

Tran, Trong-Hoa; Polyakov, Gleb V.; Tran, Tuan-Anh; Borisenko, Alexander S.; Izokh, Andrey E.; Balkin, Pavel A.; Ngo, Thi-Phuong; Pham, Thi-Dung (2016).

1475:

invited California-based developer Wolfgang Richter to salvage the failed Mount Garibaldi Glacier Resorts project. Richter's plans were postponed by the

5825: 1440:

from Gunn Lake to Vancouver at the time of the accident. Passengers involved in the crash were Lawrence Hamilton of the Pioneer mines, Ernest Maple of

6525: 1289: 179: 1925:

Levees are natural embankments that form as a result of periodic overflow of lava or as molten lava pushes cooled lava over the edge of a lava flow.

4157:

Clague, John J.; Turner, Robert J. W.; Reyes, Alberto V. (2003). "Record of recent river channel instability, Cheakamus Valley, British Columbia".

750:

between Atwell Peak and Diamond Head. Although the glaciers at times have seen surges reaching further down slope, a 2009 study published in the

442:

feature that formed in a series of collapses between 12,800 and 11,500 years ago. These collapses resulted in the formation of a large

3867:; Read, Peter B. (1988). "Eruptive history and K-Ar geochronology of the late Cenozoic Garibaldi volcanic belt, southwestern British Columbia". 5399: 2909: 1823:

The Southwest Ridge Route (grade III and class 3–4) is mainly climbed in winter when conditions are favorable. It is approached via a snow or

945:. There is also very little seismic evidence that the Juan de Fuca Plate is actively subducting. The probable explanation lies in the rate of 2226: 4530: 7526: 7120: 3781: 471: 3975: 6822: 2181:

Wilson, A. M.; Russell, J. K. (2019). "Quaternary glaciovolcanism in the Canadian Cascade volcanic arc—Paleoenvironmental implications".

1456:

A multi-million dollar ski resort, Mount Garibaldi Glacier Resorts, was to be built on Brohm Ridge in the late 1960s. It was designed by

1140:

Opal Cone, seen here behind the Elfin Lakes, was the source of an extensive dacitic lava flow late in Mount Garibaldi's eruptive history.

1058:

into this lake during the Holocene. It then filled in the lake with sediment over the last 3,300 years to create the Squamish River

5240: 4706: 3515: 2372: 1153:. This is the latest debris flow to reach the Cheakamus River from the Cheekye basin. In contrast to Mount Cayley and Mount Meager, no 7556: 7453: 7403: 7181: 6352: 453:

Mount Garibaldi has been the focus of intermittent volcanic activity over the last 260,000 years. This activity produced mostly

393:, Canada. It has a maximum elevation of 2,678 metres (8,786 feet) and rises above the surrounding landscape on the east side of the 5471: 5431: 738:, Warren Glacier at the headwaters of Culiton Creek, Bishop Glacier south of the head of the Pitt River, Phoenix Glacier south of 276: 7332: 6314: 3175:

Davies, Tim R.; Korup, Oliver; Clague, John J. (2021). "The Scope of Geomorphology in Dealing with Natural Risks and Disasters".

1223:

with the underlying basement rocks. As a result, the Cheekye linears pose potential landslide hazards to Brackendale and several

4544: 3066: 3035: 2978: 7531: 7161: 6402: 5170:

Anderson, Sean; Bryant, Leslie; Harris, Brian; Hoare, Jay; Hughes, Colin; Manyk, Mike; Mussio, Russell; Soroka, Stepan (2019).

4207: 3869: 3716: 3298: 2947: 2336: 2029: 563:

encompasses the Pacific Ranges in southwestern British Columbia, although it also includes the northwesternmost portion of the

3329: 3233: 650:

forests. Alpine vegetation lies just above the subalpine forests, which is normally overlain by barren rock. Wildlife such as

7576: 6518: 5179: 5035: 4953: 4770: 4579: 4506: 4478: 3599: 3561: 3425: 3369: 3159: 2486: 2202: 1873: 1256: 7561: 7292: 4733: 2743: 2155: 1377: 4628: 1973: 6160: 5875: 2757:

Denton, George H. (1975). "Coast Mountains (Pacific Ranges and Cascade Mountains) and Coast Ranges of British Columbia".

1231:

Because dacite is the main type of lava erupted from Mount Garibaldi, lava flows are a low to moderate hazard. Dacite is

219: 4595: 4307: 3631: 7581: 7521: 6238: 6020: 4681: 4010: 3807: 3659: 1620: 1329: 747: 497:

had climbed Mount Garibaldi by the early 1900s, some of whom were members of mountaineering clubs. A plane operated by

1827:

traverse from Brohm Ridge below the west face of Mount Garibaldi where the southwest ridge is ascended to the summit.

1094:

Atwell Peak was the source of pyroclastic flows during Mount Garibaldi's second eruptive stage about 13,000 years ago.

7566: 6748: 6457: 6427: 6347: 6065: 5850: 4835: 4741: 4498: 4141: 3948: 3940: 3459: 3188: 2388: 2118: 1293: 873: 1795:

featuring steep slopes and very loose rock. Ascents are commonly made in winter when hazards such as avalanches and

551:

in New Westminster Land District. It lies within the Pacific Ranges Ecoregion, a mountainous region of the southern

7090: 6743: 6511: 6487: 6417: 6228: 6202: 6055: 3493: 756:

journal found that they overall have been progressively retreating since the early 1900s. A study conducted by the

4235:

Stasiuk, Mark V.; Hickson, Catherine J.; Mulder, Taimi (2003). "The Vulnerability of Canada to Volcanic Hazards".

6815: 6681: 6382: 5955: 5910: 5830: 5715: 5051: 4548: 4526: 4348: 3777: 3591: 1261: 1248: 986:

north of Vancouver. It is one of the three Cascade Arc volcanoes made exclusively of dacite, the other two being

527: 5108: 4352: 3894: 1320:

outcrop on the southeastern flank of Mount Garibaldi is said by the Squamish people to have been created by the

1023: 7352: 6729: 6596: 6560: 6462: 6437: 6407: 6362: 6025: 5800: 5770: 5710: 5369: 5138: 4668:

Reimer, Rudy (2018). "The Social Importance of Volcanic Peaks for the Indigenous Peoples of British Columbia".

4214: 2280: 1472: 1306: 869: 837: 757: 695: 5202: 7536: 7408: 7110: 6467: 6447: 6030: 5609: 5342: 4762: 3878: 3417: 2875:"Scientists to hike B.C.'s Helm Glacier in Garibaldi Park to measure glacial melt, effects of climate change" 2186: 1820:

Garibaldi's northwest shoulder. It involves climbing snow or loose rock up the shoulder to the summit ridge.

1489: 1485: 1204: 845: 398: 234: 4079:

Jakob, M.; Friele, P. (2010). "Frequency and magnitude of debris flows on Cheekye River, British Columbia".

812:

also originates at Mount Garibaldi and flows southwest from the North Pitt and South Pitt glaciers into the

7541: 7166: 6779: 6550: 6397: 6392: 6387: 6377: 6105: 5945: 5765: 5760: 5464: 3553: 865: 478: 63: 5288: 1277: 1070:

at the Mamquam River and Skookum Creek confluence. The western slopes of Mount Garibaldi are underlain by

7571: 7423: 6965: 6789: 6472: 6432: 6412: 6367: 6337: 6332: 5730: 4797: 3414:

Trials and Tribulations of Life on an Active Subduction Zone: Field Trips in and around Vancouver, Canada

3109: 2826: 1888: 1878: 1252: 1200: 752: 691: 667: 635:

forests dominate nearly all the valleys and lower slopes of this ecosection, the upper slopes containing

346: 272: 1802:

The South Arête Route (grade IV and class 4–5) is a technical climbing route ascending a highly exposed

1557:

An alternative approach to Mount Garibaldi is via Alice Ridge, which can be accessed from Highway 99 to

7211: 7130: 6808: 6492: 6422: 6357: 4462: 4244: 2110: 1558: 1349:

Mount Garibaldi was witnessed by George Henry Richards in 1860 while surveying Howe Sound on board the

1282: 1192: 958:

and the lack of an oceanic trench. The best evidence for ongoing subduction is the existence of active

548: 544: 5261: 933:, it forms volcanoes and volcanic eruptions. Unlike most subduction zones worldwide, there is no deep 7551: 7342: 7030: 6935: 6482: 6477: 6342: 5880: 5835: 5078: 1883: 1425: 982:

Mount Garibaldi is a moderately eroded stratovolcano overlooking the town of Squamish at the head of

246: 5411: 4862: 2923: 1166: 7546: 7201: 7060: 6850: 6611: 6372: 6288: 5965: 5935: 5499: 5436: 5407: 5056: 4759:

Floods, Faults, and Fire: Geological Field Trips in Washington State and Southwest British Columbia

4636: 4603: 4343:; Casadevall, Thomas J.; Miller, Thomas P.; Hendley II, James W.; Stauffer, Peter H. (2004-10-14). 4315: 4283: 4133: 4065: 3983: 3523: 3451: 3277: 2914: 2231: 1978: 1632: 1183: 930: 498: 5426: 2240: 7176: 7070: 6945: 6534: 6452: 5885: 5457: 4999: 4977: 4917: 4522: 4159: 4081: 3627: 2919: 2236: 1983: 1588: 1481: 1401: 1321: 833: 506:

ascend the flanks of Mount Garibaldi and involve traversing glaciers, snow slopes or loose rock.

339: 6875: 4128:

Evans, S.G.; Savigny, K.W. (1994). "Landslides in the Vancouver-Fraser Valley-Whistler region".

3773: 7226: 7221: 7216: 7115: 6905: 6710: 6442: 6010: 5785: 5315: 4788: 3987: 1409: 1016: 703: 699: 301: 1211:. Fisheries on the Pitt River would also be at risk. Mount Garibaldi is also close to a major 7413: 7357: 7302: 7267: 7262: 5639: 5004: 4889: 3860: 3752: 3721: 3390: 3334: 3303: 3238: 3212: 3071: 3040: 3014: 2983: 2952: 2803: 2777: 2715: 2689: 2663: 2637: 2611: 2585: 2559: 2533: 2507: 2341: 2034: 1476: 1405: 1373: 706:

are situated within the Eastern Pacific Ranges Ecosection, all of which are connected to the

486: 5232: 3527: 623:

Several rivers flow through the Eastern Pacific Ranges Ecosection, including the Fraser and

7171: 7005: 6845: 6753: 6716: 6642: 6503: 6293: 5940: 5028:

Backpacking in Southwestern British Columbia: The Essential Guide to Overnight Hiking Trips

4801: 4786:

Burwash, Edward M. (1914). "Pleistocene Vulcanism of the Coast Range of British Columbia".

4391: 4172: 4094: 3882: 3820: 3672: 3180: 3118: 2839: 1517:

40 people whilst the nearby Black Tusk Snowmobile Clubhouse sleeps a further 14.

1364:, an Italian patriot and soldier who in 1860 had succeeded in unifying Italy by patriating 1186:, the other volcano being Mount Meager 95 kilometres (59 miles) to the northwest. Although 963: 926: 917:

Like other volcanoes in the Garibaldi Volcanic Belt, Mount Garibaldi formed as a result of

788: 335: 1027: 8: 7362: 6855: 6766: 6702: 6647: 6248: 5750: 5619: 3177:

Geomorphology and Natural Hazards: Understanding Landscape Change for Disaster Mitigation

2308: 1338: 946: 687: 613: 572: 467: 407: 291: 4805: 4395: 4176: 4098: 3886: 3824: 3676: 3122: 2843: 1228:

million debris flow barrier to prevent a large landslide from reaching the Cheekye Fan.

7206: 7035: 6985: 6980: 6784: 6759: 6688: 6660: 6263: 6253: 6080: 5810: 5780: 5755: 4817: 4264: 4019: 3816: 3668: 2394: 2208: 1766: 1493: 1492:

provincial park ski resorts, but still 600 metres (2,000 feet) shorter than the one in

1413: 1400:

The first United States party to climb Mount Garibaldi consisted of 13 members of

1361: 1354: 1325: 1130: 1019: 938: 922: 861: 832:

Mount Garibaldi is one of the three principal volcanoes in the southern segment of the

490: 439: 313: 141: 4184: 3858: 3105:"Mount Garibaldi, a supraglacial Pleistocene volcano in southwestern British Columbia" 1182:

Mount Garibaldi is one of two volcanoes in Canada classified as a very high threat by

1125: 852:

consists of at least twelve eruptive centres that are in the form of stratovolcanoes,

7372: 7146: 7075: 6831: 6653: 6588: 6298: 6258: 6233: 6145: 6070: 5975: 5920: 5720: 5684: 5679: 5574: 5509: 5266: 5175: 5031: 4949: 4821: 4766: 4737: 4710: 4697:

Reimer, Rudy (2000). "The Garibaldi Obsidian Industry at the Marpole Site (DgRs 1)".

4677: 4575: 4502: 4474: 4407: 4268: 4256: 4188: 4137: 4130:

Geology and Geological Hazards of the Vancouver Region, Southwestern British Columbia

4110: 4031: 3944: 3898: 3836: 3698: 3595: 3557: 3497: 3455: 3448:

Geology and Geological Hazards of the Vanvouver Region, Southwestern British Columbia

3421: 3385: 3365: 3308: 3184: 3155: 3076: 3045: 3009: 2988: 2884: 2855: 2798: 2710: 2684: 2632: 2606: 2580: 2554: 2528: 2482: 2384: 2212: 2198: 2114: 1566: 1334: 1302: 1220: 1212: 942: 907: 848:, which encompasses 26 cubic kilometres (6.2 cubic miles) of volcanic material. This 800: 783: 718: 507: 159: 4218: 3747: 3726: 3339: 3243: 3207: 2957: 2851: 2772: 2658: 2502: 2346: 2039: 7473: 7327: 7272: 7257: 7100: 7055: 6995: 6915: 6581: 6283: 6278: 6273: 6268: 6243: 6192: 6150: 6085: 6060: 6040: 6035: 5985: 5970: 5950: 5674: 5589: 5539: 5524: 5519: 5293: 4809: 4470: 4466: 4399: 4287: 4248: 4208:

Geology and Geothermal Potential of the AWA Claim Group, Squamish, British Columbia

4180: 4106: 4102: 4023: 3890: 3828: 3688: 3680: 3126: 3104: 2847: 2398: 2376: 2190: 1865: 1851: 1546: 1542: 1386: 1187: 1121: 1008: 663: 643: 639: 624: 568: 390: 382: 260: 224: 1777: 994:

is also a common volcanic rock at Mount Garibaldi and Mount Cayley, although high-

481:

for thousands of years. Their oral history includes a story of the mountain and a

7478: 7443: 7418: 7367: 7247: 7231: 7156: 7105: 6910: 6667: 6125: 6115: 6095: 5960: 5905: 5900: 5840: 5775: 5725: 5700: 5664: 5654: 5614: 5594: 4571: 3272: 2758: 2737: 2104: 1429: 1420:, George Hise, Lars Loveseth, Ben F. Mooers, Joseph T. Hazard and Fred Fenton of 1417: 1224: 1104: 1037: 722: 632: 552: 447: 394: 374: 279: 267: 2147: 1610: 1578: 1392: 583: 7312: 7277: 7252: 7151: 7125: 6895: 6545: 6197: 6155: 6110: 6090: 5820: 5745: 5740: 5735: 5659: 5649: 5644: 5599: 5579: 5554: 5544: 5514: 5480: 4640: 4340: 1987: 1513: 1457: 1310: 1100: 1075: 950: 934: 849: 841: 779: 739: 735: 707: 636: 631:

rivers on its western side and the Lillooet River lying in the middle. Coastal

617: 609: 503: 386: 253: 241: 4252: 1587:

climbing skill; their grades and classes range from II-to-V and 2-to-5 on the

1174: 474:

who are prepared to notify people threatened by volcanic eruptions in Canada.

7510: 7428: 7347: 7322: 7297: 7196: 7065: 6975: 6925: 6920: 6637: 6570: 6187: 6130: 6100: 6075: 6045: 6000: 5925: 5815: 5790: 5629: 5564: 5549: 5504: 5374: 5347: 5320: 5143: 5113: 5083: 4972: 4714: 4607: 4437: 4411: 4319: 4260: 4192: 4114: 4035: 3902: 3840: 3702: 3501: 3267: 2879: 2859: 1834:

that gains the northwest shoulder, which then leads to Dalton Dome's summit.

1382: 1150: 904: 743: 731: 671: 647: 600: 564: 458: 431: 419: 378: 330: 306: 85: 72: 37: 7463: 7458: 7433: 7393: 7377: 7317: 7307: 7282: 7085: 7050: 7000: 6990: 6960: 6955: 6940: 6900: 6860: 6735: 6575: 6182: 6120: 6050: 5990: 5980: 5890: 5845: 5805: 5795: 5705: 5584: 5569: 5534: 5494: 4922: 4867: 4840: 3864: 3684: 3100: 2478: 1796: 1744: 1562: 1465: 1437: 1112: 1067: 987: 813: 766: 683: 605: 543:

Mount Garibaldi is located on the east side of the Cheakamus River between

494: 326: 1934:

Felsic pertains to magmatic rocks that are enriched with silicon, oxygen,

7483: 7468: 7337: 7286: 7095: 7045: 7015: 6950: 6890: 6695: 6622: 6601: 6015: 5930: 5860: 5669: 5604: 5559: 5529: 3131: 1603: 1525: 1441: 1136: 1111:

After reaching its maximum extent, the Fraser ice sheet was covered with

1055: 1051: 1031: 1012: 881: 857: 628: 523: 443: 402: 401:. In addition to the main peak, Mount Garibaldi has two named sub-peaks. 1529:

outdoor picnic tables, four indoor picnic tables and 35 tent platforms.

1460:

resident Adi Bauer in 1954 to feature a luxury lodge, three Swiss-style

1381:

traversing along the Mamquam River and then climbing Round Mountain and

1316:

Mount Garibaldi is the largest volcano in Squamish Nation territory. An

1026:. The modern 6.5-cubic-kilometre (1.6-cubic-mile) volcanic edifice is a 7488: 7448: 7242: 7237: 7186: 7080: 7025: 6555: 6212: 6207: 6135: 5634: 5624: 2183:

Field Volcanology: A Tribute to the Distinguished Career of Don Swanson

1831: 1666: 1350: 1154: 1133:

seen today atop Brohm Ridge were created by ash settling in this lake.

1079: 1071: 1059: 1047: 1030:

volcano, having been partially constructed over glacial ice during the

991: 983: 955: 918: 900: 809: 804: 592: 482: 6165: 5000:"Garibaldi Objective: Mountaineers Will Climb Difficult Canadian Peak" 3693: 7493: 7191: 7040: 7020: 7010: 6774: 6724: 6674: 6629: 6606: 6565: 6140: 6005: 5995: 5915: 5870: 5865: 5855: 4344: 1943: 1208: 959: 893: 889: 853: 774: 675: 560: 515: 463: 435: 427: 423: 411: 136: 6800: 4027: 3832: 2380: 1170:

Mount Garibaldi with Mount Price and Clinker Peak in the left-centre

844:. It represents the largest volcano in the combined Mount Garibaldi– 7438: 7398: 6970: 6930: 5236: 5198: 4813: 4403: 4292: 4168: 4090: 3585: 3151: 2835: 2315: 2194: 2151: 1935: 1845: 1761: 1694: 1521: 1317: 1195:

is downwind from Mount Garibaldi. An eruption producing floods and

1004: 999: 911: 885: 824: 769:

of Mount Garibaldi in 1907. Atwell Peak contains sharp and exposed

734:, Lava Glacier west of Mamquam Lake, Sentinel Glacier southeast of 659: 655: 651: 596: 556: 519: 511: 369: 1803: 5449: 2761:(Report). Vol. 1. American Geophysical Society. p. 675. 1787: 1753: 1749: 1421: 897: 415: 5139:"Developer proposes $ 50-million ski resort for Mount Garibaldi" 1504: 1090: 1078:, which has undergone stream and glacial erosion to form rugged 974: 799:

flows south and southwest into the Squamish River. Cheekye is a

418:. Flowing from the steep western face of Mount Garibaldi is the 3937:

Fire Mountains of the West: The Cascade and Mono Lake Volcanoes

1939: 1769:

is exposed to rockfall and is moderately prone to avalanching.

1685:

Simple climbing, possibly with exposure. A rope is often used.

1649:

Yosemite Decimal System grades and classes for Mount Garibaldi

1461: 1369: 1365: 1236: 1232: 995: 792: 679: 454: 318: 212: 53: 4339: 949:

between the Juan de Fuca and North American plates. These two

828:

Mount Garibaldi, Mount Price and The Table from The Black Tusk

2369:

Satellite Image Atlas of Glaciers of the World: North America

1824: 1677:

Scrambling with increased exposure. A rope could be carried.

1551: 1196: 1117: 998:

rhyolite is uniquely present at Mount Garibaldi. Subordinate

877: 770: 576: 6533: 4946:

The Lives of Don and Phyllis Munday: A Passion for Mountains

7517:

Religious places of the Indigenous peoples of North America

6324: 3895:

10.1130/0016-7606(1988)100<0563:EHAKAG>2.3.CO;2

477:

The area surrounding Mount Garibaldi has been inhabited by

5026:

Eyton, Taryn (2021). "Garibaldi Lake and Taylor Meadows".

3587:

Quaternary Magmatism in the Cascades—Geologic Perspectives

2283:. pp. 24, 25, 37, 38, 39, 47, 56, 113. Archived from 555:

characterized by high, steep and rugged mountains made of

5169: 4492: 4388:

Association of Environmental & Engineering Geologists

4051:"Volcanic Hazards in the Sea-to-Sky Corridor, BC Canada" 3976:"Garibaldi volcanic belt: Garibaldi Lake volcanic field" 690:

bears are locally present. The communities of Whistler,

627:

rivers on its eastern side, the Cheakamus, Squamish and

5316:"Dramatic 56-Hr. Rescue Gets Injured Skier to Hospital" 2736:

Gray, W. J.; Samson, H. (1913). "The Garibaldi Group".

1669:, with the possibility of occasional use of the hands. 1247:

Like other volcanoes in Canada, Mount Garibaldi is not

485:. The non-indigenous name of the mountain was given by 4629:"Interagency Volcanic Event Notification Plan (IVENP)" 4377: 4345:"Volcanic Ash–Danger to Aircraft in the North Pacific" 3550:

Periglacial and Paraglacial Processes and Environments

591:

The Pacific Ranges Ecoregion is subdivided into seven

522:. Access to Mount Garibaldi is via hiking trails from 4495:

Intraplate Magmatism and Metallogeny of North Vietnam

4430:"Huge Squamish mixed-use development takes next step" 2273:

An Introduction to the Ecoregions of British Columbia

1582:

Mount Garibaldi with Guard Mountain in the foreground

1294: 489:

in 1860 in honour of the Italian patriot and soldier

4234: 2106:

Volcanoes of North America: United States and Canada

1841: 1011:accompaniments from several vents initially filled 4836:"Conquered Garibaldi After Battling With Blizzard" 2823: 1292:of this area, Mount Garibaldi is called Nch'ḵay̓ ( 5370:"3 Trapped Mountaineers Sorry They Caused Search" 4756: 4156: 3174: 1408:; Paul Hugdahl, Paul Gooding and C. A. Fisher of 730:Mount Garibaldi, South Pitt Glacier southeast of 7508: 4973:"Tacomans Climb to Icy Crest of Mount Garibaldi" 4007: 3656: 2367:Ferrigno, Jane G.; Williams, Richard S. (2002). 2366: 1178:Mount Garibaldi as seen from the north-northeast 4676:(1). Northwest Anthropology LLC: 6, 9, 11, 13. 2309:"Garibaldi Provincial Park: 2010 Olympic Venue" 1385:. Hanafin and Munday also climbed neighbouring 1191:the Lower Mainland. The catchment area for the 530:parking lot at the end of Garibaldi Park Road. 5233:"Garibaldi Provincial Park: Diamond Head Area" 3547: 3362:The Whistler Book: An All-season Outdoor Guide 1412:; C. A. Garner, Amos Hard and A. H. Denman of 1360:. Richards named the mountain that year after 151: 6816: 6519: 5465: 4545:"Lava flows destroy everything in their path" 4497:. Modern Approaches in Solid Earth Sciences. 3145: 2180: 1082:with relief up to 1,800 metres (5,900 feet). 864:. These include Mount Price, The Black Tusk, 4727: 4568:Igneous Rocks and Process: A Practical Guide 4281: 4127: 3804: 3620:"Mt. Garibaldi, SW British Columbia, Canada" 3410: 2759:Mountain Glaciers of the Northern Hemisphere 1404:in August 1923. It included Norman Huber of 782:near the south side of Garibaldi Glacier. A 472:Interagency Volcanic Event Notification Plan 4728:Akrigg, G. P. V.; Akrigg, Helen B. (1997). 4457:Pinti, Daniele (2011), "Mafic and Felsic", 4078: 1781:Atwell Peak and Dalton Dome climbing routes 6823: 6809: 6526: 6512: 5472: 5458: 4707:Archaeological Society of British Columbia 4380:Environmental & Engineering Geoscience 4205: 3117:(2). American Journal of Science: 81–103. 2735: 2373:United States Government Publishing Office 2102: 1281:The thunderbird on top of a totem pole in 1264:or any eruption that would affect Canada. 4757:Stelling, Pete; S. Tucker, David (2007). 4450: 4291: 3692: 3130: 2103:Wood, Charles A.; Kienle, Jürgen (1990). 1451: 880:chemistry. The Mount Garibaldi lavas are 16:Stratovolcano in British Columbia, Canada 6535:Volcanoes of the Garibaldi Volcanic Belt 3583: 3359: 2872: 2269: 1776: 1643: 1609: 1598: 1577: 1503: 1499: 1391: 1276: 1173: 1165: 1135: 1089: 1036: 973: 823: 717: 616:, which lies near the headwaters of the 582: 6315:List of communities in British Columbia 4785: 4427: 4048: 3617: 3445: 3148:Landslide Hazards, Risks, and Disasters 3099: 2910:"Garibaldi: Synonyms & Subfeatures" 2473:Smoot, Jeff (2012). "Mount Garibaldi". 186: 7509: 5227: 5225: 5223: 5221: 5219: 5174:. Mussio Ventures. pp. 135, 183. 4943: 4696: 4667: 3934: 3870:Geological Society of America Bulletin 3262: 3260: 3146:Shroder, John F.; Davies, Tim (2015). 2756: 2468: 2466: 2464: 2462: 2460: 2458: 2456: 2454: 2452: 2450: 2448: 2446: 2444: 2442: 2440: 2438: 2436: 2434: 2432: 2430: 2428: 2098: 2096: 2094: 2092: 2090: 2088: 2086: 2084: 2082: 2080: 2078: 2076: 1573: 368: 6830: 6804: 6507: 5453: 5193: 5191: 5165: 5163: 5161: 5133: 5131: 5103: 5101: 5052:"Bodies Of Mercy Plane Victims Found" 5025: 4967: 4965: 4912: 4910: 4663: 4661: 4659: 4657: 4456: 4423: 4421: 4373: 4371: 4369: 3970: 3968: 3966: 3964: 3962: 3960: 3930: 3928: 3926: 3924: 3922: 3920: 3918: 3916: 3914: 3912: 3854: 3852: 3850: 3800: 3798: 3652: 3650: 3648: 3613: 3611: 3579: 3577: 3575: 3573: 3479: 3477: 3475: 3473: 3471: 3441: 3439: 3437: 3202: 3200: 3095: 3093: 2942: 2940: 2904: 2902: 2900: 2472: 2426: 2424: 2422: 2420: 2418: 2416: 2414: 2412: 2410: 2408: 2142: 2140: 2138: 2136: 2134: 2132: 2130: 2074: 2072: 2070: 2068: 2066: 2064: 2062: 2060: 2058: 2056: 2024: 1968: 1966: 1964: 1962: 1874:List of mountains of British Columbia 1814: 1772: 1272: 1257:Canadian National Seismograph Network 1255:to ascertain its activity level. The 903:whereas the Garibaldi Lake lavas are 803:name meaning "strong rushing water". 430:on the southeastern flank is a small 5109:"Luxurious Ski Resort Lies Deserted" 4948:. Rocky Mountain Books. p. 36. 4734:University of British Columbia Press 4565: 3483: 2744:British Columbia Mountaineering Club 2265: 2263: 2261: 2259: 2257: 2176: 2174: 2172: 2113:. pp. 112, 113, 114, 144, 145. 2022: 2020: 2018: 2016: 2014: 2012: 2010: 2008: 2006: 2004: 1378:British Columbia Mountaineering Club 1219:of this volcanic sequence along its 7527:Two-thousanders of British Columbia 5308: 5216: 5172:Vancouver, Coast & Mountains BC 4206:Woodsworth, Glenn J. (April 2003). 3257: 1635:helicopter found the trio at noon. 1161: 1085: 13: 5479: 5188: 5158: 5128: 5098: 4962: 4907: 4654: 4523:"Volcano Hazards Program Glossary" 4418: 4366: 4121: 4011:Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 3957: 3909: 3847: 3808:Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 3795: 3660:Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 3645: 3608: 3570: 3468: 3434: 3197: 3090: 2937: 2897: 2729: 2405: 2360: 2127: 2053: 1959: 1638: 1341:as early as 4,500 years old. 1330:North American indigenous peoples' 1288:To the Squamish people, the local 1007:. Andesite-dacite lavas and their 14: 7593: 6353:Stein Valley Nlaka'pamux Heritage 5392: 5343:"Avalanche Kills Vancouver Youth" 4670:Journal of Northwest Anthropology 4499:Springer International Publishing 3941:Mountain Press Publishing Company 3548:Knight, J.; Harrison, S. (2009). 2254: 2219: 2169: 2001: 1207:and endanger water supplies from 642:forests and, to a lesser extent, 126:6.5 km (1.6 cu mi) 7557:Sacred mountains of the Americas 7091:Marble Mountain-Trout Creek Hill 6874: 5362: 5335: 5281: 5254: 4555:from the original on 2021-07-05. 4533:from the original on 2022-04-11. 3494:Geological Association of Canada 1974:"Garibaldi: General Information" 1858: 1844: 1535: 1344: 1267: 438:descends. The western face is a 185: 178: 36: 5404:Catalogue of Canadian volcanoes 5243:from the original on 2022-01-09 5205:from the original on 2021-06-20 5071: 5044: 5019: 4992: 4937: 4882: 4855: 4828: 4779: 4750: 4721: 4690: 4621: 4588: 4559: 4549:United States Geological Survey 4537: 4527:United States Geological Survey 4515: 4486: 4355:from the original on 2021-07-18 4349:United States Geological Survey 4333: 4300: 4275: 4228: 4199: 4150: 4072: 4042: 4001: 3980:Catalogue of Canadian volcanoes 3784:from the original on 2021-10-25 3778:United States Geological Survey 3774:"Kīlauea Volcano — Lava Levees" 3766: 3740: 3709: 3592:United States Geological Survey 3541: 3520:Catalogue of Canadian volcanoes 3508: 3404: 3378: 3364:. Greystone Books. p. 32. 3353: 3322: 3291: 3226: 3168: 3139: 3059: 3028: 3002: 2971: 2866: 2852:10.1016/j.gloplacha.2008.11.006 2817: 2791: 2765: 2750: 2703: 2677: 2651: 2625: 2599: 2573: 2547: 2521: 2495: 2158:from the original on 2021-07-16 1928: 1919: 1910: 1901: 1693:Technical roped free climbing; 1480:been greater than those of the 1203:, threaten communities such as 446:deposit that fans out into the 7162:Mount Scott (Clackamas County) 6561:Salal Glacier volcanic complex 6458:Say Nuth Khaw Yum (Indian Arm) 5289:"Rescuers Carry Injured Skier" 5201:. Black Tusk Snowmobile Club. 4471:10.1007/978-3-642-11274-4_1893 4215:Government of British Columbia 4107:10.1016/j.geomorph.2009.08.013 2329: 2301: 2281:Government of British Columbia 1473:Government of British Columbia 1396:Mount Garibaldi from the south 758:University of British Columbia 713: 1: 7532:Volcanoes of British Columbia 7111:Battle Ground Lake State Park 6358:Spruce Lake (South Chilcotin) 4763:Geological Society of America 4185:10.1016/S0169-555X(02)00321-5 3879:Geological Society of America 3418:Geological Society of America 2475:Best Climbs Cascade Volcanoes 2227:"Garibaldi: Eruptive History" 2187:Geological Society of America 1953: 1614:Mount Garibaldi and The Table 1242: 1041:Mount Garibaldi and The Table 846:Garibaldi Lake volcanic field 587:Mount Garibaldi from Squamish 538: 414:containing several radiating 399:New Westminster Land District 235:New Westminster Land District 7577:Pleistocene British Columbia 7293:Mount Scott (Klamath County) 7167:Willamette National Cemetery 5432:Geographical Names Data Base 5410:. 2009-03-10. Archived from 4730:British Columbia Place Names 4639:. 2008-06-04. Archived from 4606:. 2009-02-26. Archived from 4459:Encyclopedia of Astrobiology 4318:. 2009-04-02. Archived from 4217:. p. 10. Archived from 3986:. 2009-04-01. Archived from 3554:Geological Society of London 3526:. 2009-04-02. Archived from 2270:Demarchi, Dennis A. (2011). 1389:during the same expedition. 1024:1902 eruption of Mount Pelée 969: 533: 199:Location in British Columbia 58:2,678 m (8,786 ft) 42:West face of Mount Garibaldi 7: 7562:Pleistocene stratovolcanoes 7424:Lava Beds National Monument 6790:Watts Point volcanic centre 5385:– via Newspapers.com. 5358:– via Newspapers.com. 5331:– via Newspapers.com. 5304:– via Newspapers.com. 5277:– via Newspapers.com. 5154:– via Newspapers.com. 5124:– via Newspapers.com. 5094:– via Newspapers.com. 5067:– via Newspapers.com. 5015:– via Newspapers.com. 4988:– via Newspapers.com. 4933:– via Newspapers.com. 4903:– via Newspapers.com. 4878:– via Newspapers.com. 4851:– via Newspapers.com. 4798:University of Chicago Press 3935:Harris, Stephen L. (1988). 3110:American Journal of Science 2827:Global and Planetary Change 2148:"Garibaldi Provincial Park" 1889:Volcanism of Western Canada 1879:List of volcanoes in Canada 1837: 1799:exist all along the ridge. 1428:. This mountainous Class A 1262:Canada–United States border 1253:Geological Survey of Canada 1193:Greater Vancouver watershed 1015:glacially incised into the 753:Global and Planetary Change 725:of the Mount Garibaldi area 668:Columbian black tailed deer 571:. Several coastal islands, 10: 7598: 5262:"Rescue Party Saves Skier" 5079:"Couple wed at 8,700 feet" 4463:Springer Berlin Heidelberg 4245:Kluwer Academic Publishers 2873:Crawford, Tiffany (2022). 2111:Cambridge University Press 1559:Alice Lake Provincial Park 1283:Victoria, British Columbia 978:Atwell Peak from the south 819: 710:by a network of highways. 7582:Holocene British Columbia 7522:Stratovolcanoes of Canada 7386: 7343:Mountain Lakes Wilderness 7139: 6883: 6872: 6838: 6541: 6323: 6307: 6221: 6175: 5693: 5487: 3594:. pp. 7, 8, 10, 11. 3516:"Garibaldi volcanic belt" 3150:. Hazards and Disasters. 1884:List of Cascade volcanoes 1737:A climb lasting 2–3 days 1426:Garibaldi Provincial Park 345: 324: 312: 300: 290: 285: 266: 252: 247:Garibaldi Provincial Park 240: 230: 218: 208: 172: 167: 147: 135: 130: 122: 114: 106: 101: 62: 52: 47: 35: 28: 23: 7567:Holocene stratovolcanoes 7404:Black Butte (California) 6851:Franklin Glacier Complex 6612:Franklin Glacier Complex 5437:Natural Resources Canada 5408:Natural Resources Canada 5378:. 1963-04-18. p. 37 5297:. 1950-04-10. p. 14 5147:. 1995-11-10. p. 56 5057:McKinney Courier-Gazette 4944:Bridge, Kathryn (2006). 4863:"Scaled Mount Garibaldi" 4844:. 1908-08-06. p. 10 4637:Natural Resources Canada 4604:Natural Resources Canada 4316:Natural Resources Canada 4284:Natural Resources Canada 4134:Natural Resources Canada 4066:University of St Andrews 4049:Morison, Conner (2019). 3984:Natural Resources Canada 3524:Natural Resources Canada 3452:Natural Resources Canada 3278:Natural Resources Canada 2915:Global Volcanism Program 2739:The Northern Cordilleran 2232:Global Volcanism Program 1979:Global Volcanism Program 1894: 1633:Royal Canadian Air Force 1464:and the world's longest 1184:Natural Resources Canada 1120:down its sides. Several 931:Cascadia subduction zone 499:Pacific Western Airlines 426:of the Cheakamus River. 7177:Rooster Rock State Park 6946:White Chuck Cinder Cone 5351:. 1961-07-20. p. 9 5324:. 1950-04-11. p. 1 5270:. 1950-04-12. p. 6 5117:. 1970-01-08. p. 1 5087:. 1973-04-15. p. 1 5060:. 1953-10-21. p. 8 5008:. 1923-03-26. p. 3 4981:. 1923-08-09. p. 2 4978:The Tacoma Daily Ledger 4926:. 1963-07-27. p. 4 4896:. 1911-09-16. p. 5 4871:. 1910-09-07. p. 1 4428:Ritchie, Haley (2018). 4286:. pp. 32, 34, 50. 4253:10.1023/A:1022954829974 3628:Oregon State University 3360:Christie, Jack (2009). 2920:Smithsonian Institution 2237:Smithsonian Institution 1984:Smithsonian Institution 1589:Yosemite Decimal System 1565:up onto the ridge. The 1199:could destroy parts of 921:zone volcanism. As the 834:Garibaldi Volcanic Belt 526:, Brohm Ridge, and the 340:Garibaldi Volcanic Belt 152: 118:5 km (3.1 mi) 110:3 km (1.9 mi) 7222:Tumalo Volcanic Center 7116:Beacon Rock State Park 6906:Schriebers Meadow Cone 6711:Monmouth Creek complex 6403:Princess Louisa Marine 4789:The Journal of Geology 4596:"Monitoring volcanoes" 3685:10.1139/cjes-2017-0150 3584:Hildreth, Wes (2007). 1782: 1615: 1583: 1509: 1452:Ski resort development 1410:Bellingham, Washington 1397: 1285: 1251:closely enough by the 1179: 1171: 1141: 1095: 1042: 1017:Coast Plutonic Complex 979: 836:, the other two being 829: 726: 588: 296:< 260,000 years old 86:49.85028°N 123.00472°W 7414:Medicine Lake Volcano 5005:The Bellingham Herald 4918:"From Province files" 3861:Armstrong, Richard L. 3753:BC Geographical Names 3722:BC Geographical Names 3618:Edwards, Ben (2000). 3454:. pp. 239, 240. 3391:BC Geographical Names 3335:BC Geographical Names 3304:BC Geographical Names 3239:BC Geographical Names 3213:BC Geographical Names 3181:John Wiley & Sons 3072:BC Geographical Names 3041:BC Geographical Names 3015:BC Geographical Names 2984:BC Geographical Names 2953:BC Geographical Names 2804:BC Geographical Names 2778:BC Geographical Names 2716:BC Geographical Names 2690:BC Geographical Names 2664:BC Geographical Names 2638:BC Geographical Names 2612:BC Geographical Names 2586:BC Geographical Names 2560:BC Geographical Names 2534:BC Geographical Names 2508:BC Geographical Names 2342:BC Geographical Names 2189:. pp. 134, 141. 2035:BC Geographical Names 1780: 1713:Less than half a day 1644:Garibaldi Peak routes 1613: 1599:Dangers and accidents 1581: 1507: 1500:Recreation facilities 1477:early 1980s recession 1406:Saint Paul, Minnesota 1395: 1374:Alpine Club of Canada 1280: 1177: 1169: 1139: 1093: 1040: 977: 827: 721: 586: 487:George Henry Richards 434:from which a lengthy 7537:Subduction volcanoes 7006:Goat Island Mountain 6846:Silverthrone Caldera 6754:Silverthrone Caldera 6643:Little Ring Mountain 4643:on February 14, 2009 4566:Gill, Robin (2010). 4434:Vancouver Is Awesome 3943:. pp. 283–288. 3132:10.2475/ajs.250.2.81 2555:"South Pitt Glacier" 2529:"North Pitt Glacier" 1697:is used for safety. 1339:archaeological sites 1337:where they occur in 1149:(16-foot) temporary 964:Cascade Volcanic Arc 927:North American Plate 862:subglacial volcanoes 608:, which lies in the 559:rocks. Much of this 373:, to the indigenous 370:[n̩.ʧʼqɛˀj̰] 351:8060 BCE ± 500 years 336:Cascade Volcanic Arc 91:49.85028; -123.00472 7542:Sea-to-Sky Corridor 6856:Mount Meager massif 6767:Machmell River Cone 6648:Mount Meager massif 5400:"Garibaldi Volcano" 5030:. Greystone Books. 4806:1914JG.....22..260B 4633:Volcanoes of Canada 4600:Volcanoes of Canada 4396:2003EEGeo...9...99C 4322:on February 2, 2009 4312:Volcanoes of Canada 4177:2003Geomo..53..317C 4099:2010Geomo.114..382J 3887:1988GSAB..100..563G 3825:1992CaJES..29.2425B 3677:2018CaJES..55..331F 3280:. 12 September 2016 3123:1952AmJS..250...81M 2844:2009GPC....66..161K 2503:"Garibaldi Glacier" 1650: 1621:St. Paul's Hospital 1574:Climbing and skiing 1131:volcanic sandstones 468:last glacial period 457:, the main type of 242:Protected area 82: / 7572:Giuseppe Garibaldi 7036:Old Snowy Mountain 6986:Burroughs Mountain 6981:Little Tahoma Peak 6785:Tricouni Southwest 6760:Mount Silverthrone 6661:Capricorn Mountain 4341:Neal, Christina A. 4308:"Volcanic hazards" 4020:NRC Research Press 3863:; Harakal, J. E.; 3859:Green, Nathan L.; 3817:NRC Research Press 3669:NRC Research Press 2746:. pp. 25, 26. 2607:"Sentinel Glacier" 2481:. pp. 31–44. 1815:Dalton Dome routes 1783: 1773:Atwell Peak routes 1648: 1616: 1584: 1510: 1494:Whistler Blackcomb 1414:Tacoma, Washington 1398: 1362:Giuseppe Garibaldi 1326:legendary creature 1286: 1273:Indigenous peoples 1180: 1172: 1142: 1096: 1043: 990:and Mount Cayley. 980: 939:continental margin 925:thrusts under the 923:Juan de Fuca Plate 908:basaltic andesites 830: 727: 589: 491:Giuseppe Garibaldi 479:indigenous peoples 142:Giuseppe Garibaldi 48:Highest point 7502: 7501: 7373:Gearhart Mountain 7212:Crescent Mountain 7147:Boring Lava Field 7076:Sawtooth Mountain 6832:Cascade Volcanoes 6798: 6797: 6654:Bridge River Vent 6501: 6500: 6428:Blackcomb Glacier 6348:Mount Elphinstone 5886:Frederick William 5427:"Mount Garibaldi" 5267:Edmonton Bulletin 5181:978-1-926806-95-2 5037:978-1-77164-669-7 4955:978-1-894765-69-5 4890:"Mount Garibaldi" 4772:978-0-8137-0009-0 4581:978-0-632-06377-2 4508:978-3-319-25233-9 4480:978-3-642-11271-3 3601:978-1-4113-1945-5 3563:978-1-86239-281-6 3496:: 171, 172, 173. 3427:978-0-8137-0038-0 3371:978-1-55365-447-6 3234:"Cheakamus River" 3161:978-0-12-396452-6 2885:Postmedia Network 2799:"Diamond Glacier" 2773:"Cheekye Glacier" 2685:"Phoenix Glacier" 2488:978-0-7627-7796-9 2204:978-0-8137-9538-6 2185:. Vol. 538. 2030:"Mount Garibaldi" 1741: 1740: 1721:Half a day climb 1561:where jeep roads 1508:The Elfin shelter 1335:Strait of Georgia 1290:indigenous people 1213:air traffic route 1188:Plinian eruptions 1122:pyroclastic flows 896:with subordinate 508:Mountain climbing 355: 354: 7589: 7552:Garibaldi Ranges 7474:Bumpass Mountain 7409:Rainbow Mountain 7328:Mount McLoughlin 7273:Howlock Mountain 7258:Newberry Volcano 7101:Trout Creek Hill 7056:Mount St. Helens 6996:Cowlitz Chimneys 6916:Hannegan caldera 6878: 6839:British Columbia 6825: 6818: 6811: 6802: 6801: 6769: 6762: 6738: 6719: 6705: 6698: 6691: 6684: 6677: 6670: 6663: 6656: 6632: 6625: 6591: 6584: 6582:Pyroclastic Peak 6528: 6521: 6514: 6505: 6504: 6488:Homathko Estuary 6418:Brandywine Falls 5474: 5467: 5460: 5451: 5450: 5446: 5444: 5443: 5422: 5420: 5419: 5387: 5386: 5384: 5383: 5366: 5360: 5359: 5357: 5356: 5339: 5333: 5332: 5330: 5329: 5312: 5306: 5305: 5303: 5302: 5294:Edmonton Journal 5285: 5279: 5278: 5276: 5275: 5258: 5252: 5251: 5249: 5248: 5229: 5214: 5213: 5211: 5210: 5195: 5186: 5185: 5167: 5156: 5155: 5153: 5152: 5135: 5126: 5125: 5123: 5122: 5105: 5096: 5095: 5093: 5092: 5075: 5069: 5068: 5066: 5065: 5048: 5042: 5041: 5023: 5017: 5016: 5014: 5013: 4996: 4990: 4989: 4987: 4986: 4969: 4960: 4959: 4941: 4935: 4934: 4932: 4931: 4914: 4905: 4904: 4902: 4901: 4886: 4880: 4879: 4877: 4876: 4859: 4853: 4852: 4850: 4849: 4832: 4826: 4825: 4783: 4777: 4776: 4754: 4748: 4747: 4725: 4719: 4718: 4694: 4688: 4687: 4665: 4652: 4651: 4649: 4648: 4625: 4619: 4618: 4616: 4615: 4592: 4586: 4585: 4563: 4557: 4556: 4541: 4535: 4534: 4519: 4513: 4512: 4490: 4484: 4483: 4454: 4448: 4447: 4445: 4444: 4425: 4416: 4415: 4375: 4364: 4363: 4361: 4360: 4337: 4331: 4330: 4328: 4327: 4304: 4298: 4297: 4295: 4279: 4273: 4272: 4232: 4226: 4225: 4223: 4212: 4203: 4197: 4196: 4154: 4148: 4147: 4125: 4119: 4118: 4076: 4070: 4069: 4058:The Irvine Atlas 4055: 4046: 4040: 4039: 4005: 3999: 3998: 3996: 3995: 3972: 3955: 3954: 3932: 3907: 3906: 3856: 3845: 3844: 3802: 3793: 3792: 3790: 3789: 3770: 3764: 3763: 3761: 3760: 3744: 3738: 3737: 3735: 3734: 3725:. Archived from 3713: 3707: 3706: 3696: 3654: 3643: 3642: 3640: 3639: 3630:. Archived from 3615: 3606: 3605: 3581: 3568: 3567: 3545: 3539: 3538: 3536: 3535: 3530:on June 15, 2008 3512: 3506: 3505: 3481: 3466: 3465: 3443: 3432: 3431: 3408: 3402: 3401: 3399: 3398: 3382: 3376: 3375: 3357: 3351: 3350: 3348: 3347: 3338:. Archived from 3326: 3320: 3319: 3317: 3316: 3307:. Archived from 3295: 3289: 3288: 3286: 3285: 3264: 3255: 3254: 3252: 3251: 3242:. Archived from 3230: 3224: 3223: 3221: 3220: 3204: 3195: 3194: 3172: 3166: 3165: 3143: 3137: 3136: 3134: 3097: 3088: 3087: 3085: 3084: 3075:. Archived from 3063: 3057: 3056: 3054: 3053: 3044:. Archived from 3032: 3026: 3025: 3023: 3022: 3006: 3000: 2999: 2997: 2996: 2987:. Archived from 2975: 2969: 2968: 2966: 2965: 2956:. Archived from 2944: 2935: 2934: 2932: 2931: 2922:. Archived from 2906: 2895: 2894: 2892: 2891: 2870: 2864: 2863: 2821: 2815: 2814: 2812: 2811: 2795: 2789: 2788: 2786: 2785: 2769: 2763: 2762: 2754: 2748: 2747: 2733: 2727: 2726: 2724: 2723: 2707: 2701: 2700: 2698: 2697: 2681: 2675: 2674: 2672: 2671: 2659:"Bishop Glacier" 2655: 2649: 2648: 2646: 2645: 2633:"Warren Glacier" 2629: 2623: 2622: 2620: 2619: 2603: 2597: 2596: 2594: 2593: 2577: 2571: 2570: 2568: 2567: 2551: 2545: 2544: 2542: 2541: 2525: 2519: 2518: 2516: 2515: 2499: 2493: 2492: 2470: 2403: 2402: 2375:. p. J296. 2364: 2358: 2357: 2355: 2354: 2345:. Archived from 2337:"Garibaldi Névé" 2333: 2327: 2326: 2324: 2323: 2313: 2305: 2299: 2298: 2296: 2295: 2289: 2278: 2267: 2252: 2251: 2249: 2248: 2239:. Archived from 2223: 2217: 2216: 2178: 2167: 2166: 2164: 2163: 2144: 2125: 2124: 2100: 2051: 2050: 2048: 2047: 2038:. Archived from 2026: 1999: 1998: 1996: 1995: 1986:. Archived from 1970: 1947: 1932: 1926: 1923: 1917: 1914: 1908: 1905: 1868: 1866:Mountains portal 1863: 1862: 1861: 1854: 1852:Volcanoes portal 1849: 1848: 1651: 1647: 1547:Mamquam Icefield 1543:Quest University 1512:Overlooking the 1402:The Mountaineers 1387:Mamquam Mountain 1298: 1162:Volcanic hazards 1126:Peléan eruptions 1086:Volcanic history 644:Engelmann spruce 640:mountain hemlock 569:Washington state 510:hazards include 391:British Columbia 389:in southwestern 383:Garibaldi Ranges 372: 367: 261:Garibaldi Ranges 256: 225:British Columbia 189: 188: 182: 163: 155: 97: 96: 94: 93: 92: 87: 83: 80: 79: 78: 75: 40: 21: 20: 7597: 7596: 7592: 7591: 7590: 7588: 7587: 7586: 7547:Squamish people 7507: 7506: 7503: 7498: 7479:Dittmar Volcano 7444:Burney Mountain 7419:Schonchin Butte 7382: 7368:Yamsay Mountain 7248:Tumalo Mountain 7232:Mount Multnomah 7202:Mount Jefferson 7157:Elk Rock Island 7135: 7106:Tumtum Mountain 6911:Kulshan caldera 6879: 6870: 6866:Mount Garibaldi 6834: 6829: 6799: 6794: 6765: 6758: 6734: 6715: 6701: 6694: 6689:Perkin's Pillar 6687: 6680: 6673: 6668:Devastator Peak 6666: 6659: 6652: 6628: 6621: 6617:Mount Garibaldi 6587: 6580: 6537: 6532: 6502: 6497: 6383:Birkenhead Lake 6319: 6303: 6289:Powder Mountain 6217: 6171: 5689: 5483: 5478: 5441: 5439: 5425: 5417: 5415: 5398: 5395: 5390: 5381: 5379: 5368: 5367: 5363: 5354: 5352: 5341: 5340: 5336: 5327: 5325: 5314: 5313: 5309: 5300: 5298: 5287: 5286: 5282: 5273: 5271: 5260: 5259: 5255: 5246: 5244: 5231: 5230: 5217: 5208: 5206: 5197: 5196: 5189: 5182: 5168: 5159: 5150: 5148: 5137: 5136: 5129: 5120: 5118: 5107: 5106: 5099: 5090: 5088: 5077: 5076: 5072: 5063: 5061: 5050: 5049: 5045: 5038: 5024: 5020: 5011: 5009: 4998: 4997: 4993: 4984: 4982: 4971: 4970: 4963: 4956: 4942: 4938: 4929: 4927: 4916: 4915: 4908: 4899: 4897: 4894:Saturday Sunset 4888: 4887: 4883: 4874: 4872: 4861: 4860: 4856: 4847: 4845: 4834: 4833: 4829: 4784: 4780: 4773: 4755: 4751: 4744: 4726: 4722: 4695: 4691: 4684: 4666: 4655: 4646: 4644: 4627: 4626: 4622: 4613: 4611: 4610:on June 8, 2008 4594: 4593: 4589: 4582: 4574:. p. 169. 4572:Wiley-Blackwell 4564: 4560: 4543: 4542: 4538: 4521: 4520: 4516: 4509: 4501:. p. 121. 4491: 4487: 4481: 4465:, p. 938, 4455: 4451: 4442: 4440: 4426: 4419: 4376: 4367: 4358: 4356: 4338: 4334: 4325: 4323: 4306: 4305: 4301: 4280: 4276: 4237:Natural Hazards 4233: 4229: 4221: 4210: 4204: 4200: 4155: 4151: 4144: 4136:. p. 267. 4126: 4122: 4077: 4073: 4053: 4047: 4043: 4028:10.1139/e99-090 4006: 4002: 3993: 3991: 3990:on May 13, 2008 3974: 3973: 3958: 3951: 3933: 3910: 3857: 3848: 3833:10.1139/e92-190 3803: 3796: 3787: 3785: 3772: 3771: 3767: 3758: 3756: 3746: 3745: 3741: 3732: 3730: 3715: 3714: 3710: 3655: 3646: 3637: 3635: 3616: 3609: 3602: 3582: 3571: 3564: 3556:. p. 222. 3546: 3542: 3533: 3531: 3514: 3513: 3509: 3482: 3469: 3462: 3444: 3435: 3428: 3409: 3405: 3396: 3394: 3386:"Zig Zag Creek" 3384: 3383: 3379: 3372: 3358: 3354: 3345: 3343: 3330:"Mamquam River" 3328: 3327: 3323: 3314: 3312: 3297: 3296: 3292: 3283: 3281: 3273:Atlas of Canada 3266: 3265: 3258: 3249: 3247: 3232: 3231: 3227: 3218: 3216: 3208:"Cheekye River" 3206: 3205: 3198: 3191: 3183:. p. 498. 3173: 3169: 3162: 3154:. p. 338. 3144: 3140: 3098: 3091: 3082: 3080: 3065: 3064: 3060: 3051: 3049: 3034: 3033: 3029: 3020: 3018: 3008: 3007: 3003: 2994: 2992: 2977: 2976: 2972: 2963: 2961: 2946: 2945: 2938: 2929: 2927: 2908: 2907: 2898: 2889: 2887: 2871: 2867: 2822: 2818: 2809: 2807: 2797: 2796: 2792: 2783: 2781: 2771: 2770: 2766: 2755: 2751: 2734: 2730: 2721: 2719: 2709: 2708: 2704: 2695: 2693: 2683: 2682: 2678: 2669: 2667: 2657: 2656: 2652: 2643: 2641: 2631: 2630: 2626: 2617: 2615: 2605: 2604: 2600: 2591: 2589: 2579: 2578: 2574: 2565: 2563: 2553: 2552: 2548: 2539: 2537: 2527: 2526: 2522: 2513: 2511: 2501: 2500: 2496: 2489: 2471: 2406: 2391: 2381:10.3133/pp1386J 2365: 2361: 2352: 2350: 2335: 2334: 2330: 2321: 2319: 2311: 2307: 2306: 2302: 2293: 2291: 2287: 2276: 2268: 2255: 2246: 2244: 2225: 2224: 2220: 2205: 2179: 2170: 2161: 2159: 2146: 2145: 2128: 2121: 2101: 2054: 2045: 2043: 2028: 2027: 2002: 1993: 1991: 1972: 1971: 1960: 1956: 1951: 1950: 1933: 1929: 1924: 1920: 1915: 1911: 1906: 1902: 1897: 1864: 1859: 1857: 1850: 1843: 1840: 1817: 1775: 1729:Full day climb 1646: 1641: 1639:Climbing routes 1601: 1576: 1538: 1524:shelter at the 1502: 1454: 1430:provincial park 1418:Edmond S. Meany 1347: 1296: 1275: 1270: 1245: 1225:Squamish Nation 1164: 1088: 972: 951:tectonic plates 822: 748:Diamond Glacier 723:Topographic map 716: 633:western hemlock 612:watershed, and 553:Coast Mountains 541: 536: 504:climbing routes 448:Squamish Valley 395:Cheakamus River 377:) is a dormant 375:Squamish people 365: 358:Mount Garibaldi 338: 280:Cheakamus River 254: 204: 203: 202: 201: 200: 197: 196: 195: 194: 193:Mount Garibaldi 190: 157: 90: 88: 84: 81: 76: 73: 71: 69: 68: 43: 24:Mount Garibaldi 17: 12: 11: 5: 7595: 7585: 7584: 7579: 7574: 7569: 7564: 7559: 7554: 7549: 7544: 7539: 7534: 7529: 7524: 7519: 7500: 7499: 7497: 7496: 7491: 7486: 7481: 7476: 7471: 7466: 7461: 7456: 7451: 7446: 7441: 7436: 7431: 7426: 7421: 7416: 7411: 7406: 7401: 7396: 7390: 7388: 7384: 7383: 7381: 7380: 7375: 7370: 7365: 7360: 7355: 7350: 7345: 7340: 7335: 7333:Brown Mountain 7330: 7325: 7320: 7315: 7313:Applegate Peak 7310: 7305: 7300: 7295: 7290: 7280: 7278:Mount Thielsen 7275: 7270: 7265: 7260: 7255: 7253:Mount Bachelor 7250: 7245: 7240: 7235: 7229: 7224: 7219: 7214: 7209: 7204: 7199: 7194: 7189: 7184: 7182:Larch Mountain 7179: 7174: 7169: 7164: 7159: 7154: 7152:Mount Sylvania 7149: 7143: 7141: 7137: 7136: 7134: 7133: 7128: 7126:Greenleaf Peak 7123: 7121:Table Mountain 7118: 7113: 7108: 7103: 7098: 7093: 7088: 7083: 7078: 7073: 7068: 7063: 7058: 7053: 7048: 7043: 7038: 7033: 7028: 7023: 7018: 7013: 7008: 7003: 6998: 6993: 6988: 6983: 6978: 6973: 6968: 6966:Cathedral Rock 6963: 6958: 6953: 6948: 6943: 6938: 6933: 6928: 6923: 6918: 6913: 6908: 6903: 6898: 6896:Sherman Crater 6893: 6887: 6885: 6881: 6880: 6873: 6871: 6869: 6868: 6863: 6858: 6853: 6848: 6842: 6840: 6836: 6835: 6828: 6827: 6820: 6813: 6805: 6796: 6795: 6793: 6792: 6787: 6782: 6777: 6772: 6771: 6770: 6763: 6751: 6749:Round Mountain 6746: 6741: 6740: 6739: 6727: 6722: 6721: 6720: 6708: 6707: 6706: 6699: 6692: 6685: 6678: 6671: 6664: 6657: 6645: 6640: 6635: 6634: 6633: 6626: 6614: 6609: 6604: 6599: 6594: 6593: 6592: 6589:Vulcan's Thumb 6585: 6573: 6568: 6563: 6558: 6553: 6548: 6546:The Black Tusk 6542: 6539: 6538: 6531: 6530: 6523: 6516: 6508: 6499: 6498: 6496: 6495: 6490: 6485: 6480: 6475: 6470: 6465: 6463:Pinecone-Burke 6460: 6455: 6450: 6445: 6440: 6438:Stawamus Chief 6435: 6430: 6425: 6420: 6415: 6410: 6405: 6400: 6395: 6390: 6385: 6380: 6375: 6370: 6365: 6363:Upper Lillooet 6360: 6355: 6350: 6345: 6340: 6335: 6329: 6327: 6321: 6320: 6318: 6317: 6311: 6309: 6305: 6304: 6302: 6301: 6296: 6291: 6286: 6281: 6276: 6271: 6266: 6261: 6256: 6251: 6249:Garibaldi Névé 6246: 6241: 6236: 6231: 6225: 6223: 6219: 6218: 6216: 6215: 6210: 6205: 6200: 6195: 6190: 6185: 6179: 6177: 6173: 6172: 6170: 6169: 6163: 6158: 6153: 6148: 6146:Vulcan's Thumb 6143: 6138: 6133: 6128: 6123: 6118: 6113: 6108: 6103: 6098: 6093: 6088: 6083: 6078: 6073: 6068: 6063: 6058: 6053: 6048: 6043: 6038: 6033: 6028: 6023: 6018: 6013: 6008: 6003: 5998: 5993: 5988: 5983: 5978: 5973: 5968: 5963: 5958: 5953: 5948: 5943: 5938: 5933: 5928: 5923: 5918: 5913: 5908: 5903: 5898: 5893: 5888: 5883: 5878: 5873: 5868: 5863: 5858: 5853: 5848: 5843: 5838: 5833: 5828: 5823: 5818: 5813: 5808: 5803: 5798: 5793: 5788: 5783: 5778: 5773: 5768: 5763: 5758: 5753: 5748: 5743: 5738: 5736:The Black Tusk 5733: 5728: 5723: 5718: 5713: 5708: 5703: 5697: 5695: 5691: 5690: 5688: 5687: 5682: 5677: 5672: 5667: 5662: 5657: 5652: 5647: 5642: 5637: 5632: 5627: 5622: 5617: 5612: 5607: 5602: 5597: 5592: 5587: 5582: 5577: 5572: 5567: 5562: 5557: 5552: 5547: 5542: 5537: 5532: 5527: 5522: 5517: 5512: 5507: 5502: 5497: 5491: 5489: 5485: 5484: 5481:Pacific Ranges 5477: 5476: 5469: 5462: 5454: 5448: 5447: 5423: 5394: 5393:External links 5391: 5389: 5388: 5361: 5334: 5307: 5280: 5253: 5215: 5187: 5180: 5157: 5127: 5097: 5070: 5043: 5036: 5018: 4991: 4961: 4954: 4936: 4906: 4881: 4854: 4827: 4814:10.1086/622148 4778: 4771: 4749: 4742: 4736:. p. 90. 4720: 4689: 4683:978-1977908285 4682: 4653: 4620: 4587: 4580: 4558: 4536: 4514: 4507: 4485: 4479: 4449: 4417: 4404:10.2113/9.2.99 4365: 4332: 4299: 4293:10.4095/328950 4274: 4227: 4224:on 2022-01-09. 4198: 4149: 4142: 4120: 4071: 4041: 4000: 3956: 3949: 3908: 3865:Souther, J. G. 3846: 3819:: 2425, 2426. 3794: 3780:. 2018-07-05. 3765: 3739: 3708: 3644: 3607: 3600: 3569: 3562: 3540: 3507: 3467: 3460: 3433: 3426: 3420:. p. 54. 3403: 3377: 3370: 3352: 3321: 3290: 3256: 3225: 3196: 3189: 3167: 3160: 3138: 3101:Mathews, W. H. 3089: 3067:"Diamond Head" 3058: 3036:"The Sharkfin" 3027: 3001: 2970: 2936: 2896: 2865: 2816: 2790: 2764: 2749: 2728: 2711:"Pike Glacier" 2702: 2676: 2650: 2624: 2598: 2581:"Lava Glacier" 2572: 2546: 2520: 2494: 2487: 2404: 2389: 2359: 2328: 2300: 2253: 2218: 2203: 2195:10.1130/SPE538 2168: 2126: 2119: 2052: 2000: 1957: 1955: 1952: 1949: 1948: 1927: 1918: 1909: 1899: 1898: 1896: 1893: 1892: 1891: 1886: 1881: 1876: 1870: 1869: 1855: 1839: 1836: 1816: 1813: 1774: 1771: 1739: 1738: 1735: 1731: 1730: 1727: 1723: 1722: 1719: 1715: 1714: 1711: 1707: 1706: 1703: 1699: 1698: 1691: 1687: 1686: 1683: 1679: 1678: 1675: 1671: 1670: 1663: 1659: 1658: 1655: 1645: 1642: 1640: 1637: 1623:in Vancouver. 1600: 1597: 1575: 1572: 1537: 1534: 1514:Tantalus Range 1501: 1498: 1458:West Vancouver 1453: 1450: 1346: 1343: 1274: 1271: 1269: 1266: 1244: 1241: 1163: 1160: 1101:composite cone 1087: 1084: 1076:quartz diorite 971: 968: 935:oceanic trench 874:Round Mountain 850:volcanic field 842:The Black Tusk 821: 818: 780:parasitic cone 740:Deception Peak 736:Garibaldi Lake 715: 712: 708:Lower Mainland 672:mountain goats 618:Lillooet River 610:Squamish River 540: 537: 535: 532: 408:Garibaldi Névé 387:Pacific Ranges 353: 352: 349: 343: 342: 333: 322: 321: 316: 310: 309: 304: 298: 297: 294: 288: 287: 283: 282: 270: 264: 263: 258: 250: 249: 244: 238: 237: 232: 228: 227: 222: 216: 215: 210: 206: 205: 198: 192: 191: 184: 183: 177: 176: 175: 174: 173: 170: 169: 165: 164: 149: 145: 144: 139: 133: 132: 128: 127: 124: 120: 119: 116: 112: 111: 108: 104: 103: 99: 98: 66: 60: 59: 56: 50: 49: 45: 44: 41: 33: 32: 26: 25: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7594: 7583: 7580: 7578: 7575: 7573: 7570: 7568: 7565: 7563: 7560: 7558: 7555: 7553: 7550: 7548: 7545: 7543: 7540: 7538: 7535: 7533: 7530: 7528: 7525: 7523: 7520: 7518: 7515: 7514: 7512: 7505: 7495: 7492: 7490: 7487: 7485: 7482: 7480: 7477: 7475: 7472: 7470: 7467: 7465: 7462: 7460: 7457: 7455: 7454:Snow Mountain 7452: 7450: 7447: 7445: 7442: 7440: 7437: 7435: 7432: 7430: 7429:Modoc Plateau 7427: 7425: 7422: 7420: 7417: 7415: 7412: 7410: 7407: 7405: 7402: 7400: 7397: 7395: 7392: 7391: 7389: 7385: 7379: 7376: 7374: 7371: 7369: 7366: 7364: 7361: 7359: 7356: 7354: 7351: 7349: 7348:Roxy Ann Peak 7346: 7344: 7341: 7339: 7336: 7334: 7331: 7329: 7326: 7324: 7323:Pelican Butte 7321: 7319: 7316: 7314: 7311: 7309: 7306: 7304: 7301: 7299: 7298:Wizard Island 7296: 7294: 7291: 7288: 7284: 7281: 7279: 7276: 7274: 7271: 7269: 7266: 7264: 7261: 7259: 7256: 7254: 7251: 7249: 7246: 7244: 7241: 7239: 7236: 7234:(unvalidated) 7233: 7230: 7228: 7227:Three Sisters 7225: 7223: 7220: 7218: 7217:Iron Mountain 7215: 7213: 7210: 7208: 7205: 7203: 7200: 7198: 7197:Olallie Butte 7195: 7193: 7190: 7188: 7185: 7183: 7180: 7178: 7175: 7173: 7170: 7168: 7165: 7163: 7160: 7158: 7155: 7153: 7150: 7148: 7145: 7144: 7142: 7138: 7132: 7131:Wind Mountain 7129: 7127: 7124: 7122: 7119: 7117: 7114: 7112: 7109: 7107: 7104: 7102: 7099: 7097: 7094: 7092: 7089: 7087: 7084: 7082: 7079: 7077: 7074: 7072: 7069: 7067: 7066:Indian Heaven 7064: 7062: 7059: 7057: 7054: 7052: 7049: 7047: 7044: 7042: 7039: 7037: 7034: 7032: 7029: 7027: 7024: 7022: 7019: 7017: 7014: 7012: 7009: 7007: 7004: 7002: 6999: 6997: 6994: 6992: 6989: 6987: 6984: 6982: 6979: 6977: 6976:Mount Rainier 6974: 6972: 6969: 6967: 6964: 6962: 6959: 6957: 6954: 6952: 6949: 6947: 6944: 6942: 6939: 6937: 6934: 6932: 6929: 6927: 6926:Ruth Mountain 6924: 6922: 6921:Hannegan Peak 6919: 6917: 6914: 6912: 6909: 6907: 6904: 6902: 6899: 6897: 6894: 6892: 6889: 6888: 6886: 6882: 6877: 6867: 6864: 6862: 6859: 6857: 6854: 6852: 6849: 6847: 6844: 6843: 6841: 6837: 6833: 6826: 6821: 6819: 6814: 6812: 6807: 6806: 6803: 6791: 6788: 6786: 6783: 6781: 6778: 6776: 6773: 6768: 6764: 6761: 6757: 6756: 6755: 6752: 6750: 6747: 6745: 6744:Ring Mountain 6742: 6737: 6733: 6732: 6731: 6728: 6726: 6723: 6718: 6714: 6713: 6712: 6709: 6704: 6700: 6697: 6693: 6690: 6686: 6683: 6679: 6676: 6672: 6669: 6665: 6662: 6658: 6655: 6651: 6650: 6649: 6646: 6644: 6641: 6639: 6638:Glacier Pikes 6636: 6631: 6627: 6624: 6620: 6619: 6618: 6615: 6613: 6610: 6608: 6605: 6603: 6600: 6598: 6595: 6590: 6586: 6583: 6579: 6578: 6577: 6574: 6572: 6571:Cauldron Dome 6569: 6567: 6564: 6562: 6559: 6557: 6554: 6552: 6549: 6547: 6544: 6543: 6540: 6536: 6529: 6524: 6522: 6517: 6515: 6510: 6509: 6506: 6494: 6491: 6489: 6486: 6484: 6481: 6479: 6476: 6474: 6471: 6469: 6468:Shannon Falls 6466: 6464: 6461: 6459: 6456: 6454: 6451: 6449: 6448:Mount Seymour 6446: 6444: 6441: 6439: 6436: 6434: 6431: 6429: 6426: 6424: 6421: 6419: 6416: 6414: 6411: 6409: 6406: 6404: 6401: 6399: 6396: 6394: 6391: 6389: 6386: 6384: 6381: 6379: 6376: 6374: 6371: 6369: 6366: 6364: 6361: 6359: 6356: 6354: 6351: 6349: 6346: 6344: 6341: 6339: 6336: 6334: 6331: 6330: 6328: 6326: 6322: 6316: 6313: 6312: 6310: 6306: 6300: 6297: 6295: 6292: 6290: 6287: 6285: 6282: 6280: 6277: 6275: 6272: 6270: 6267: 6265: 6262: 6260: 6257: 6255: 6252: 6250: 6247: 6245: 6242: 6240: 6237: 6235: 6232: 6230: 6227: 6226: 6224: 6220: 6214: 6211: 6209: 6206: 6204: 6201: 6199: 6196: 6194: 6191: 6189: 6186: 6184: 6181: 6180: 6178: 6174: 6167: 6164: 6162: 6159: 6157: 6154: 6152: 6149: 6147: 6144: 6142: 6139: 6137: 6134: 6132: 6129: 6127: 6124: 6122: 6119: 6117: 6114: 6112: 6109: 6107: 6104: 6102: 6099: 6097: 6094: 6092: 6089: 6087: 6084: 6082: 6079: 6077: 6074: 6072: 6069: 6067: 6064: 6062: 6059: 6057: 6054: 6052: 6049: 6047: 6044: 6042: 6039: 6037: 6034: 6032: 6029: 6027: 6024: 6022: 6019: 6017: 6014: 6012: 6011:Petlushkwohap 6009: 6007: 6004: 6002: 5999: 5997: 5994: 5992: 5989: 5987: 5984: 5982: 5979: 5977: 5974: 5972: 5969: 5967: 5966:Middle Finger 5964: 5962: 5959: 5957: 5954: 5952: 5949: 5947: 5944: 5942: 5939: 5937: 5936:Little Finger 5934: 5932: 5929: 5927: 5924: 5922: 5919: 5917: 5914: 5912: 5909: 5907: 5904: 5902: 5899: 5897: 5894: 5892: 5889: 5887: 5884: 5882: 5879: 5877: 5874: 5872: 5869: 5867: 5864: 5862: 5859: 5857: 5854: 5852: 5849: 5847: 5844: 5842: 5839: 5837: 5834: 5832: 5829: 5827: 5824: 5822: 5819: 5817: 5816:Crevasse Crag 5814: 5812: 5809: 5807: 5804: 5802: 5799: 5797: 5794: 5792: 5789: 5787: 5786:Castle Towers 5784: 5782: 5779: 5777: 5774: 5772: 5769: 5767: 5764: 5762: 5759: 5757: 5754: 5752: 5749: 5747: 5744: 5742: 5739: 5737: 5734: 5732: 5729: 5727: 5724: 5722: 5719: 5717: 5714: 5712: 5709: 5707: 5704: 5702: 5699: 5698: 5696: 5692: 5686: 5683: 5681: 5678: 5676: 5673: 5671: 5668: 5666: 5663: 5661: 5658: 5656: 5653: 5651: 5648: 5646: 5643: 5641: 5638: 5636: 5633: 5631: 5628: 5626: 5623: 5621: 5618: 5616: 5613: 5611: 5608: 5606: 5603: 5601: 5598: 5596: 5593: 5591: 5588: 5586: 5583: 5581: 5578: 5576: 5573: 5571: 5568: 5566: 5563: 5561: 5558: 5556: 5553: 5551: 5548: 5546: 5543: 5541: 5538: 5536: 5533: 5531: 5528: 5526: 5523: 5521: 5518: 5516: 5513: 5511: 5508: 5506: 5503: 5501: 5498: 5496: 5493: 5492: 5490: 5486: 5482: 5475: 5470: 5468: 5463: 5461: 5456: 5455: 5452: 5438: 5434: 5433: 5428: 5424: 5414:on 2009-06-07 5413: 5409: 5405: 5401: 5397: 5396: 5377: 5376: 5375:Vancouver Sun 5371: 5365: 5350: 5349: 5348:Vancouver Sun 5344: 5338: 5323: 5322: 5321:Vancouver Sun 5317: 5311: 5296: 5295: 5290: 5284: 5269: 5268: 5263: 5257: 5242: 5238: 5234: 5228: 5226: 5224: 5222: 5220: 5204: 5200: 5194: 5192: 5183: 5177: 5173: 5166: 5164: 5162: 5146: 5145: 5144:Vancouver Sun 5140: 5134: 5132: 5116: 5115: 5114:Vancouver Sun 5110: 5104: 5102: 5086: 5085: 5084:Vancouver Sun 5080: 5074: 5059: 5058: 5053: 5047: 5039: 5033: 5029: 5022: 5007: 5006: 5001: 4995: 4980: 4979: 4974: 4968: 4966: 4957: 4951: 4947: 4940: 4925: 4924: 4919: 4913: 4911: 4895: 4891: 4885: 4870: 4869: 4864: 4858: 4843: 4842: 4837: 4831: 4823: 4819: 4815: 4811: 4807: 4803: 4799: 4795: 4791: 4790: 4782: 4774: 4768: 4765:. p. 7. 4764: 4760: 4753: 4745: 4743:0-7748-0637-0 4739: 4735: 4731: 4724: 4716: 4712: 4708: 4704: 4700: 4693: 4685: 4679: 4675: 4671: 4664: 4662: 4660: 4658: 4642: 4638: 4634: 4630: 4624: 4609: 4605: 4601: 4597: 4591: 4583: 4577: 4573: 4569: 4562: 4554: 4550: 4546: 4540: 4532: 4528: 4524: 4518: 4510: 4504: 4500: 4496: 4489: 4482: 4476: 4472: 4468: 4464: 4460: 4453: 4439: 4438:Glacier Media 4435: 4431: 4424: 4422: 4413: 4409: 4405: 4401: 4397: 4393: 4389: 4385: 4381: 4374: 4372: 4370: 4354: 4350: 4346: 4342: 4336: 4321: 4317: 4313: 4309: 4303: 4294: 4289: 4285: 4278: 4270: 4266: 4262: 4258: 4254: 4250: 4246: 4242: 4238: 4231: 4220: 4216: 4209: 4202: 4194: 4190: 4186: 4182: 4178: 4174: 4170: 4166: 4162: 4161: 4160:Geomorphology 4153: 4145: 4143:0-660-15784-5 4139: 4135: 4131: 4124: 4116: 4112: 4108: 4104: 4100: 4096: 4092: 4088: 4084: 4083: 4082:Geomorphology 4075: 4067: 4063: 4059: 4052: 4045: 4037: 4033: 4029: 4025: 4021: 4017: 4013: 4012: 4004: 3989: 3985: 3981: 3977: 3971: 3969: 3967: 3965: 3963: 3961: 3952: 3950:0-87842-220-X 3946: 3942: 3938: 3931: 3929: 3927: 3925: 3923: 3921: 3919: 3917: 3915: 3913: 3904: 3900: 3896: 3892: 3888: 3884: 3880: 3876: 3872: 3871: 3866: 3862: 3855: 3853: 3851: 3842: 3838: 3834: 3830: 3826: 3822: 3818: 3814: 3810: 3809: 3801: 3799: 3783: 3779: 3775: 3769: 3755: 3754: 3749: 3748:"Alice Ridge" 3743: 3729:on 2022-01-09 3728: 3724: 3723: 3718: 3717:"Brohm Ridge" 3712: 3704: 3700: 3695: 3690: 3686: 3682: 3678: 3674: 3670: 3666: 3662: 3661: 3653: 3651: 3649: 3634:on 2010-07-31 3633: 3629: 3625: 3621: 3614: 3612: 3603: 3597: 3593: 3589: 3588: 3580: 3578: 3576: 3574: 3565: 3559: 3555: 3551: 3544: 3529: 3525: 3521: 3517: 3511: 3503: 3499: 3495: 3491: 3487: 3480: 3478: 3476: 3474: 3472: 3463: 3461:0-660-15784-5 3457: 3453: 3449: 3442: 3440: 3438: 3429: 3423: 3419: 3415: 3407: 3393: 3392: 3387: 3381: 3373: 3367: 3363: 3356: 3342:on 2018-02-18 3341: 3337: 3336: 3331: 3325: 3311:on 2016-03-04 3310: 3306: 3305: 3300: 3294: 3279: 3275: 3274: 3269: 3263: 3261: 3246:on 2020-07-11 3245: 3241: 3240: 3235: 3229: 3215: 3214: 3209: 3203: 3201: 3192: 3190:9781119990314 3186: 3182: 3178: 3171: 3163: 3157: 3153: 3149: 3142: 3133: 3128: 3124: 3120: 3116: 3112: 3111: 3106: 3102: 3096: 3094: 3079:on 2022-01-09 3078: 3074: 3073: 3068: 3062: 3048:on 2021-08-15 3047: 3043: 3042: 3037: 3031: 3017: 3016: 3011: 3005: 2991:on 2021-08-16 2990: 2986: 2985: 2980: 2974: 2960:on 2022-01-09 2959: 2955: 2954: 2949: 2948:"Dalton Dome" 2943: 2941: 2926:on 2022-01-09 2925: 2921: 2917: 2916: 2911: 2905: 2903: 2901: 2886: 2882: 2881: 2880:Vancouver Sun 2876: 2869: 2861: 2857: 2853: 2849: 2845: 2841: 2837: 2833: 2829: 2828: 2820: 2806: 2805: 2800: 2794: 2780: 2779: 2774: 2768: 2760: 2753: 2745: 2741: 2740: 2732: 2718: 2717: 2712: 2706: 2692: 2691: 2686: 2680: 2666: 2665: 2660: 2654: 2640: 2639: 2634: 2628: 2614: 2613: 2608: 2602: 2588: 2587: 2582: 2576: 2562: 2561: 2556: 2550: 2536: 2535: 2530: 2524: 2510: 2509: 2504: 2498: 2490: 2484: 2480: 2476: 2469: 2467: 2465: 2463: 2461: 2459: 2457: 2455: 2453: 2451: 2449: 2447: 2445: 2443: 2441: 2439: 2437: 2435: 2433: 2431: 2429: 2427: 2425: 2423: 2421: 2419: 2417: 2415: 2413: 2411: 2409: 2400: 2396: 2392: 2390:0-607-98290-X 2386: 2382: 2378: 2374: 2370: 2363: 2349:on 2022-01-09 2348: 2344: 2343: 2338: 2332: 2317: 2310: 2304: 2290:on 2021-05-11 2286: 2282: 2275: 2274: 2266: 2264: 2262: 2260: 2258: 2243:on 2022-01-09 2242: 2238: 2234: 2233: 2228: 2222: 2214: 2210: 2206: 2200: 2196: 2192: 2188: 2184: 2177: 2175: 2173: 2157: 2153: 2149: 2143: 2141: 2139: 2137: 2135: 2133: 2131: 2122: 2120:0-521-43811-X 2116: 2112: 2108: 2107: 2099: 2097: 2095: 2093: 2091: 2089: 2087: 2085: 2083: 2081: 2079: 2077: 2075: 2073: 2071: 2069: 2067: 2065: 2063: 2061: 2059: 2057: 2042:on 2022-01-09 2041: 2037: 2036: 2031: 2025: 2023: 2021: 2019: 2017: 2015: 2013: 2011: 2009: 2007: 2005: 1990:on 2022-01-09 1989: 1985: 1981: 1980: 1975: 1969: 1967: 1965: 1963: 1958: 1945: 1941: 1937: 1931: 1922: 1913: 1904: 1900: 1890: 1887: 1885: 1882: 1880: 1877: 1875: 1872: 1871: 1867: 1856: 1853: 1847: 1842: 1835: 1833: 1828: 1826: 1821: 1812: 1808: 1805: 1800: 1798: 1797:snow cornices 1792: 1789: 1779: 1770: 1768: 1763: 1758: 1755: 1751: 1746: 1736: 1733: 1732: 1728: 1725: 1724: 1720: 1717: 1716: 1712: 1709: 1708: 1704: 1701: 1700: 1696: 1692: 1689: 1688: 1684: 1681: 1680: 1676: 1673: 1672: 1668: 1664: 1661: 1660: 1656: 1653: 1652: 1636: 1634: 1628: 1624: 1622: 1612: 1608: 1605: 1596: 1592: 1590: 1580: 1571: 1568: 1564: 1560: 1555: 1553: 1548: 1544: 1536:Accessibility 1533: 1530: 1527: 1523: 1518: 1515: 1506: 1497: 1495: 1491: 1490:Mount Seymour 1487: 1483: 1478: 1474: 1471:In 1978, the 1469: 1467: 1463: 1459: 1449: 1445: 1443: 1439: 1434: 1431: 1427: 1423: 1419: 1415: 1411: 1407: 1403: 1394: 1390: 1388: 1384: 1383:The Gargoyles 1379: 1375: 1371: 1367: 1363: 1359: 1358: 1352: 1345:Later history 1342: 1340: 1336: 1331: 1327: 1323: 1319: 1314: 1312: 1308: 1304: 1300: 1299: 1291: 1284: 1279: 1268:Human history 1265: 1263: 1258: 1254: 1250: 1240: 1238: 1234: 1229: 1226: 1222: 1216: 1214: 1210: 1206: 1202: 1198: 1194: 1189: 1185: 1176: 1168: 1159: 1156: 1152: 1151:landslide dam 1146: 1138: 1134: 1132: 1127: 1124:generated by 1123: 1119: 1114: 1109: 1106: 1102: 1092: 1083: 1081: 1077: 1073: 1069: 1063: 1061: 1057: 1053: 1049: 1039: 1035: 1033: 1029: 1025: 1021: 1018: 1014: 1010: 1006: 1001: 997: 993: 989: 985: 976: 967: 965: 961: 957: 952: 948: 944: 940: 936: 932: 928: 924: 920: 915: 913: 909: 906: 905:calc-alkaline 902: 899: 895: 891: 887: 883: 879: 875: 871: 867: 863: 859: 855: 851: 847: 843: 839: 835: 826: 817: 815: 811: 806: 802: 796: 794: 790: 785: 781: 776: 772: 768: 762: 759: 755: 754: 749: 745: 744:Mamquam River 741: 737: 733: 732:Glacier Pikes 724: 720: 711: 709: 705: 701: 697: 693: 689: 685: 681: 677: 673: 669: 665: 661: 657: 653: 649: 648:subalpine fir 645: 641: 638: 634: 630: 626: 621: 619: 615: 611: 607: 602: 601:Pacific Ocean 598: 594: 585: 581: 578: 574: 570: 566: 565:Cascade Range 562: 558: 554: 550: 546: 531: 529: 525: 521: 517: 513: 509: 505: 500: 496: 492: 488: 484: 480: 475: 473: 469: 465: 460: 459:volcanic rock 456: 451: 449: 445: 441: 437: 433: 432:volcanic cone 429: 425: 421: 420:Cheekye River 417: 413: 409: 404: 400: 396: 392: 388: 384: 380: 379:stratovolcano 376: 371: 363: 359: 350: 348: 347:Last eruption 344: 341: 337: 334: 332: 328: 323: 320: 317: 315: 311: 308: 307:Stratovolcano 305: 303: 302:Mountain type 299: 295: 293: 289: 284: 281: 278: 274: 271: 269: 265: 262: 259: 257: 251: 248: 245: 243: 239: 236: 233: 229: 226: 223: 221: 217: 214: 211: 207: 181: 171: 166: 161: 154: 150: 146: 143: 140: 138: 134: 129: 125: 121: 117: 113: 109: 105: 100: 95: 67: 65: 61: 57: 55: 51: 46: 39: 34: 31: 27: 22: 19: 7504: 7464:Mount Tehama 7459:Latour Butte 7434:Brushy Butte 7394:Mount Shasta 7378:Yainax Butte 7358:Grizzly Peak 7318:Rustler Peak 7308:Hillman Peak 7303:Phantom Ship 7283:Mount Mazama 7268:Mount Bailey 7263:Diamond Peak 7086:Big Lava Bed 7051:Spiral Butte 7031:Gilbert Peak 7001:Old Desolate 6991:Banshee Peak 6961:Mount Daniel 6956:Mount Hinman 6941:Glacier Peak 6936:Mount Terror 6901:Black Buttes 6865: 6861:Mount Cayley 6736:Clinker Peak 6682:Mount Meager 6616: 6576:Mount Cayley 6398:Bishop River 6388:Joffre Lakes 6378:Mehatl Creek 6294:Silverthrone 6234:Compton Névé 6081:Silverthrone 5895: 5756:Breakenridge 5440:. Retrieved 5430: 5416:. Retrieved 5412:the original 5403: 5380:. Retrieved 5373: 5364: 5353:. Retrieved 5346: 5337: 5326:. Retrieved 5319: 5310: 5299:. Retrieved 5292: 5283: 5272:. Retrieved 5265: 5256: 5245:. Retrieved 5207:. Retrieved 5171: 5149:. Retrieved 5142: 5119:. Retrieved 5112: 5089:. Retrieved 5082: 5073: 5062:. Retrieved 5055: 5046: 5027: 5021: 5010:. Retrieved 5003: 4994: 4983:. Retrieved 4976: 4945: 4939: 4928:. Retrieved 4923:The Province 4921: 4898:. Retrieved 4893: 4884: 4873:. Retrieved 4868:The Province 4866: 4857: 4846:. Retrieved 4841:The Province 4839: 4830: 4793: 4787: 4781: 4758: 4752: 4729: 4723: 4702: 4698: 4692: 4673: 4669: 4645:. Retrieved 4641:the original 4632: 4623: 4612:. Retrieved 4608:the original 4599: 4590: 4567: 4561: 4539: 4517: 4494: 4488: 4458: 4452: 4441:. Retrieved 4433: 4390:: 100, 101. 4383: 4379: 4357:. Retrieved 4335: 4324:. Retrieved 4320:the original 4311: 4302: 4277: 4240: 4236: 4230: 4219:the original 4201: 4164: 4158: 4152: 4129: 4123: 4086: 4080: 4074: 4061: 4057: 4044: 4015: 4009: 4003: 3992:. Retrieved 3988:the original 3979: 3936: 3874: 3868: 3812: 3806: 3786:. Retrieved 3768: 3757:. Retrieved 3751: 3742: 3731:. Retrieved 3727:the original 3720: 3711: 3664: 3658: 3636:. Retrieved 3632:the original 3624:VolcanoWorld 3623: 3586: 3549: 3543: 3532:. Retrieved 3528:the original 3519: 3510: 3489: 3485: 3447: 3413: 3406: 3395:. Retrieved 3389: 3380: 3361: 3355: 3344:. Retrieved 3340:the original 3333: 3324: 3313:. Retrieved 3309:the original 3302: 3299:"Ring Creek" 3293: 3282:. Retrieved 3271: 3248:. Retrieved 3244:the original 3237: 3228: 3217:. Retrieved 3211: 3176: 3170: 3147: 3141: 3114: 3108: 3081:. Retrieved 3077:the original 3070: 3061: 3050:. Retrieved 3046:the original 3039: 3030: 3019:. Retrieved 3013: 3004: 2993:. Retrieved 2989:the original 2982: 2973: 2962:. Retrieved 2958:the original 2951: 2928:. Retrieved 2924:the original 2913: 2888:. Retrieved 2878: 2868: 2831: 2825: 2819: 2808:. Retrieved 2802: 2793: 2782:. Retrieved 2776: 2767: 2752: 2738: 2731: 2720:. Retrieved 2714: 2705: 2694:. Retrieved 2688: 2679: 2668:. Retrieved 2662: 2653: 2642:. Retrieved 2636: 2627: 2616:. Retrieved 2610: 2601: 2590:. Retrieved 2584: 2575: 2564:. Retrieved 2558: 2549: 2538:. Retrieved 2532: 2523: 2512:. Retrieved 2506: 2497: 2479:FalconGuides 2474: 2368: 2362: 2351:. Retrieved 2347:the original 2340: 2331: 2320:. Retrieved 2303: 2292:. Retrieved 2285:the original 2272: 2245:. Retrieved 2241:the original 2230: 2221: 2182: 2160:. Retrieved 2105: 2044:. Retrieved 2040:the original 2033: 1992:. Retrieved 1988:the original 1977: 1930: 1921: 1912: 1903: 1829: 1822: 1818: 1809: 1801: 1793: 1784: 1759: 1745:normal route 1742: 1629: 1625: 1617: 1604:Bergschrunds 1602: 1593: 1585: 1556: 1539: 1531: 1519: 1511: 1470: 1466:gondola lift 1455: 1446: 1438:mercy flight 1435: 1399: 1356: 1348: 1315: 1311:oral history 1301:). In their 1287: 1246: 1230: 1217: 1181: 1147: 1143: 1113:volcanic ash 1110: 1097: 1074:and altered 1068:alluvial fan 1064: 1044: 1028:supraglacial 1013:paleovalleys 988:Glacier Peak 981: 916: 858:cinder cones 831: 814:Fraser River 797: 789:Diamond Head 767:first ascent 763: 751: 728: 696:Mount Currie 622: 614:Mount Meager 606:Mount Cayley 590: 542: 528:Diamond Head 495:mountaineers 476: 452: 361: 357: 356: 314:Type of rock 255:Parent range 29: 18: 7484:Mount Maidu 7469:Lassen Peak 7338:Aspen Butte 7287:Crater Lake 7172:Mount Tabor 7096:West Crater 7061:Mount Adams 7046:Tieton Peak 7016:Fifes Peaks 6951:Dishpan Gap 6891:Mount Baker 6730:Mount Price 6696:Plinth Peak 6602:Ember Ridge 6597:Cinder Cone 6473:Rolley Lake 6433:Tetrahedron 6413:Nairn Falls 6368:Golden Ears 6338:Duffey Lake 6333:Clendinning 6308:Communities 6193:McGillivray 6036:Pyroclastic 5941:Little Ring 5921:Judge Howay 5801:Cinder Cone 5685:Whitemantle 5680:Wharncliffe 5640:North Shore 5575:Fitzsimmons 5510:Cadwallader 4709:: 7, 8, 9. 4093:: 382–395. 3010:"Opal Cone" 2838:: 161–178. 2318:. p. 2 1526:Elfin Lakes 1442:Gold Bridge 1322:thunderbird 1309:. In their 1205:Brackendale 1155:hot springs 1052:Cheekye Fan 1032:Pleistocene 1009:pyroclastic 947:convergence 892:-normative 884:-normative 882:hypersthene 870:Cinder Cone 838:Mount Price 714:Subfeatures 593:ecosections 524:Alice Ridge 483:great flood 466:during the 444:debris flow 403:Atwell Peak 292:Age of rock 148:Native name 89: / 77:123°00′17″W 64:Coordinates 7511:Categories 7489:Mount Yana 7449:Magee Peak 7387:California 7363:Pilot Rock 7243:Ball Butte 7238:Broken Top 7187:Mount Hood 7081:Lemei Rock 7071:Lone Butte 7026:Goat Rocks 6884:Washington 6717:The Castle 6703:Pylon Peak 6556:Tuber Hill 6551:Mount Brew 6493:Davis Lake 6423:Alice Lake 6264:Klinaklini 6161:Wellington 6151:Waddington 6061:Robie Reid 6041:Queen Bess 5881:Forefinger 5876:Fitzgerald 5841:Devastator 5751:Brandywine 5726:Birkenhead 5675:Waddington 5525:Cantilever 5520:Camelsfoot 5442:2022-04-10 5418:2022-04-10 5382:2022-07-30 5355:2022-07-13 5328:2022-07-13 5301:2022-07-13 5274:2022-07-13 5247:2022-06-13 5209:2022-06-08 5199:"About Us" 5151:2022-07-26 5121:2022-07-26 5091:2022-07-30 5064:2022-07-25 5012:2022-07-25 4985:2022-07-04 4930:2022-07-26 4900:2022-07-25 4875:2022-07-25 4848:2022-07-25 4699:The Midden 4647:2022-04-09 4614:2022-04-09 4443:2022-04-14 4359:2022-04-09 4326:2022-04-09 4213:(Report). 3994:2022-04-09 3788:2022-08-22 3759:2022-06-18 3733:2022-06-18 3694:1807/82572 3638:2008-05-10 3534:2011-01-21 3397:2022-08-04 3346:2022-04-10 3315:2022-04-10 3284:2022-08-05 3268:"Toporama" 3250:2022-04-10 3219:2022-04-10 3083:2022-08-09 3052:2022-04-09 3021:2022-04-09 2995:2022-04-09 2979:"The Tent" 2964:2022-04-09 2930:2022-04-03 2890:2022-10-05 2810:2022-08-04 2784:2022-08-04 2722:2022-08-04 2696:2022-08-04 2670:2022-08-04 2644:2022-04-23 2618:2022-04-08 2592:2022-04-08 2566:2022-04-08 2540:2022-04-08 2514:2022-04-08 2353:2022-04-08 2322:2022-09-24 2294:2021-11-12 2247:2022-04-03 2162:2010-06-20 2046:2022-04-03 1994:2022-04-03 1954:References 1832:escarpment 1807:rime ice. 1667:scrambling 1563:switchback 1351:Royal Navy 1243:Monitoring 1201:Highway 99 1080:topography 1060:floodplain 992:Rhyodacite 984:Howe Sound 956:seismicity 937:along the 919:subduction 901:tholeiites 854:lava domes 810:Pitt River 805:Ring Creek 676:wolverines 625:Coquihalla 539:Background 516:avalanches 493:. Several 410:, a large 360:(known as 102:Dimensions 74:49°51′01″N 7494:Goosenest 7207:Snow Peak 7192:Battle Ax 7041:Ives Peak 7021:Mount Aix 7011:Mount Wow 6780:The Table 6775:Slag Hill 6725:Pali Dome 6675:Mount Job 6607:Mount Fee 6566:Sham Hill 6483:Big Creek 6478:Sasquatch 6408:Callaghan 6343:Garibaldi 6299:Spearhead 6254:Ha-Iltzuk 6198:Pemberton 6126:Tiedemann 6101:Spearhead 6096:Somolenko 5996:Opal Cone 5901:Good Hope 5896:Garibaldi 5811:Coquitlam 5781:Capricorn 5776:Callaghan 5746:Blanshard 5741:Blackcomb 5694:Mountains 5665:Tottenham 5655:Sir Harry 5595:Gastineau 5590:Garibaldi 5540:Chilcotin 5500:Britannia 4822:128978632 4715:0047-7222 4412:1558-9161 4269:129461798 4261:0921-030X 4193:0169-555X 4115:0169-555X 4036:1480-3313 3903:0016-7606 3841:1480-3313 3703:1480-3313 3502:1911-4850 2860:0921-8181 2213:214521258 1944:potassium 1705:Duration 1249:monitored 1209:Pitt Lake 1105:K–Ar ages 970:Structure 960:volcanism 894:mugearite 890:nepheline 886:hawaiites 866:The Table 775:Vancouver 692:Pemberton 660:squirrels 656:chipmunks 652:grey jays 637:subalpine 597:icefields 561:ecoregion 534:Geography 520:rockfalls 512:crevasses 464:ice sheet 440:landslide 436:lava flow 428:Opal Cone 424:tributary 412:snowfield 325:Volcanic 168:Geography 137:Etymology 54:Elevation 7439:Big Cave 7399:Shastina 6971:Mount Si 6931:Icy Peak 6393:Ts'il?os 6373:Tantalus 6284:Pashleth 6279:Parallel 6259:Homathko 6244:Franklin 6222:Glaciers 6203:Railroad 6188:Griswold 6131:Tricouni 6111:Tantalus 6071:Serratus 6051:Red Tusk 5976:Monmouth 5821:Crickmer 5791:Cauldron 5721:Asperity 5660:Tantalus 5650:Pembroke 5645:Pantheon 5615:Lillooet 5600:Georgina 5580:Franklyn 5545:Colville 5515:Calliope 5241:Archived 5237:BC Parks 5203:Archived 4553:Archived 4531:Archived 4353:Archived 4169:Elsevier 4091:Elsevier 4022:: 2023. 3782:Archived 3486:Articles 3152:Elsevier 3103:(1952). 2836:Elsevier 2316:BC Parks 2156:Archived 2152:BC Parks 1936:aluminum 1838:See also 1767:pinnacle 1762:headwall 1695:belaying 1657:Summary 1522:BC Parks 1328:in some 1318:obsidian 1303:language 1020:basement 1005:Holocene 1000:andesite 943:Cascadia 912:rhyolite 910:through 878:magmatic 801:Squamish 664:flickers 573:channels 557:granitic 549:Whistler 545:Squamish 416:glaciers 362:Nch'ḵay̓ 268:Topo map 231:District 220:Province 160:Squamish 153:Nch'ḵay̓ 30:Nch'ḵay̓ 6453:Cypress 6274:Monarch 6269:Mamquam 6239:Diamond 6183:Cayoosh 6166:ʔEniyud 6086:Skihist 6076:Seymour 6046:Raleigh 6001:Overill 5991:One Eye 5986:Nicomen 5971:Monarch 5951:Mamquam 5846:Dewdney 5836:Cypress 5630:Nicholl 5565:Edwards 5555:Douglas 5550:Conical 5505:Bunster 4802:Bibcode 4800:: 260. 4392:Bibcode 4247:: 569. 4243:(2/3). 4173:Bibcode 4171:: 322. 4095:Bibcode 3883:Bibcode 3881:: 566. 3821:Bibcode 3673:Bibcode 3671:: 333. 3119:Bibcode 2840:Bibcode 2399:2525336 1788:couloir 1754:moraine 1750:icefall 1665:Simple 1486:Manning 1482:Cypress 1462:chalets 1422:Seattle 1357:Plumper 1307:history 1221:contact 1072:sheared 1034:epoch. 962:in the 929:at the 898:olivine 820:Geology 684:grizzly 680:cougars 385:of the 381:in the 286:Geology 209:Country 7140:Oregon 6623:Atwell 6443:Murrin 6176:Passes 6168:(Niut) 6121:Tatlow 6116:Taseko 6021:Powder 6016:Plinth 5981:Munday 5961:Merlon 5956:Meager 5911:Helena 5906:Grouse 5891:Fromme 5831:Currie 5806:Clarke 5796:Cayley 5731:Bishop 5716:Arthur 5706:Alfred 5701:Akasik 5620:Meager 5585:Fraser 5570:Fannin 5535:Cayley 5495:Bendor 5488:Ranges 5178: 5034: 4952: 4820: 4769: 4740: 4713: 4680: 4578: 4505: 4477: 4410: 4267: 4259: 4191: 4140: 4113: 4034: 4018:(12). 3947: 3901: 3839: 3815:(11). 3701: 3598: 3560: 3500: 3458: 3424: 3368: 3187: 3158: 2858: 2485: 2397: 2387: 2211: 2201: 2117: 1940:sodium 1702:Grade 1654:Class 1567:saddle 1552:cairns 1370:Naples 1366:Sicily 1295:in-ch- 1237:basalt 1233:felsic 1197:lahars 996:silica 793:Hawaii 771:ridges 577:fjords 455:dacite 319:Dacite 275: 213:Canada 156: 131:Naming 123:Volume 107:Length 7353:Baldy 6325:Parks 6229:Chaos 6213:Wedge 6208:Tyoax 6156:Wedge 6136:Tuber 6106:Table 6091:Stein 6066:Round 6031:Pylon 6026:Price 5931:Kinch 5926:ḵ’els 5861:Elsay 5851:Eagle 5826:Crown 5771:Burke 5711:Alice 5670:Unwin 5610:Lewis 5605:Koeye 5560:Earle 5530:Caren 4818:S2CID 4796:(3). 4705:(1). 4386:(2). 4265:S2CID 4222:(PDF) 4211:(PDF) 4167:(3). 4089:(3). 4064:(1). 4054:(PDF) 3877:(4). 3667:(4). 3492:(3). 2834:(3). 2395:S2CID 2312:(PDF) 2288:(PDF) 2277:(PDF) 2209:S2CID 1895:Notes 1825:scree 1804:arête 1353:ship 1118:talus 1056:delta 1048:scarp 688:black 629:Elaho 277:92G14 115:Width 6630:Opal 6056:Ring 6006:Pali 5946:Luna 5866:Fang 5856:Edge 5766:Brew 5761:Brew 5635:Niut 5625:Namu 5176:ISBN 5032:ISBN 4950:ISBN 4767:ISBN 4738:ISBN 4711:ISSN 4678:ISBN 4576:ISBN 4503:ISBN 4475:ISBN 4408:ISSN 4257:ISSN 4189:ISSN 4138:ISBN 4111:ISSN 4068:: 6. 4032:ISSN 3945:ISBN 3899:ISSN 3837:ISSN 3699:ISSN 3596:ISBN 3558:ISBN 3498:ISSN 3456:ISBN 3422:ISBN 3366:ISBN 3185:ISBN 3156:ISBN 2856:ISSN 2483:ISBN 2385:ISBN 2199:ISBN 2115:ISBN 1942:and 1748:the 1743:The 1718:III 1488:and 1368:and 1355:HMS 1324:, a 888:and 872:and 860:and 840:and 784:spur 704:Yale 702:and 700:Hope 686:and 682:and 646:and 575:and 547:and 518:and 422:, a 366:IPA: 331:belt 6141:Vic 5916:Job 5871:Fee 4810:doi 4467:doi 4400:doi 4288:doi 4249:doi 4181:doi 4103:doi 4087:114 4024:doi 3891:doi 3875:100 3829:doi 3689:hdl 3681:doi 3127:doi 3115:250 2848:doi 2377:doi 2191:doi 1726:IV 1710:II 1297:KAI 941:of 791:in 567:in 397:in 327:arc 273:NTS 7513:: 5435:. 5429:. 5406:. 5402:. 5372:. 5345:. 5318:. 5291:. 5264:. 5239:. 5235:. 5218:^ 5190:^ 5160:^ 5141:. 5130:^ 5111:. 5100:^ 5081:. 5054:. 5002:. 4975:. 4964:^ 4920:. 4909:^ 4892:. 4865:. 4838:. 4816:. 4808:. 4794:22 4792:. 4761:. 4732:. 4703:32 4701:. 4674:52 4672:. 4656:^ 4635:. 4631:. 4602:. 4598:. 4570:. 4551:. 4547:. 4529:. 4525:. 4473:, 4461:, 4436:. 4432:. 4420:^ 4406:. 4398:. 4382:. 4368:^ 4351:. 4347:. 4314:. 4310:. 4263:. 4255:. 4241:28 4239:. 4187:. 4179:. 4165:53 4163:. 4132:. 4109:. 4101:. 4085:. 4060:. 4056:. 4030:. 4016:36 4014:. 3982:. 3978:. 3959:^ 3939:. 3911:^ 3897:. 3889:. 3873:. 3849:^ 3835:. 3827:. 3813:29 3811:. 3797:^ 3776:. 3750:. 3719:. 3697:. 3687:. 3679:. 3665:55 3663:. 3647:^ 3626:. 3622:. 3610:^ 3590:. 3572:^ 3552:. 3522:. 3518:. 3490:17 3488:. 3470:^ 3450:. 3436:^ 3416:. 3388:. 3332:. 3301:. 3276:. 3270:. 3259:^ 3236:. 3210:. 3199:^ 3179:. 3125:. 3113:. 3107:. 3092:^ 3069:. 3038:. 3012:. 2981:. 2950:. 2939:^ 2918:. 2912:. 2899:^ 2883:. 2877:. 2854:. 2846:. 2832:66 2830:. 2801:. 2775:. 2742:. 2713:. 2687:. 2661:. 2635:. 2609:. 2583:. 2557:. 2531:. 2505:. 2477:. 2407:^ 2393:. 2383:. 2371:. 2339:. 2314:. 2279:. 2256:^ 2235:. 2229:. 2207:. 2197:. 2171:^ 2154:. 2150:. 2129:^ 2109:. 2055:^ 2032:. 2003:^ 1982:. 1976:. 1961:^ 1938:, 1734:V 1690:5 1682:4 1674:3 1662:2 1554:. 1520:A 1484:, 1416:; 1062:. 966:. 914:. 868:, 856:, 816:. 795:. 698:, 694:, 678:, 674:, 670:, 666:, 662:, 658:, 654:, 620:. 514:, 450:. 364:, 7289:) 7285:( 6824:e 6817:t 6810:v 6527:e 6520:t 6513:v 5473:e 5466:t 5459:v 5445:. 5421:. 5250:. 5212:. 5184:. 5040:. 4958:. 4824:. 4812:: 4804:: 4775:. 4746:. 4717:. 4686:. 4650:. 4617:. 4584:. 4511:. 4469:: 4446:. 4414:. 4402:: 4394:: 4384:9 4362:. 4329:. 4296:. 4290:: 4271:. 4251:: 4195:. 4183:: 4175:: 4146:. 4117:. 4105:: 4097:: 4062:1 4038:. 4026:: 3997:. 3953:. 3905:. 3893:: 3885:: 3843:. 3831:: 3823:: 3791:. 3762:. 3736:. 3705:. 3691:: 3683:: 3675:: 3641:. 3604:. 3566:. 3537:. 3504:. 3464:. 3430:. 3400:. 3374:. 3349:. 3318:. 3287:. 3253:. 3222:. 3193:. 3164:. 3135:. 3129:: 3121:: 3086:. 3055:. 3024:. 2998:. 2967:. 2933:. 2893:. 2862:. 2850:: 2842:: 2813:. 2787:. 2725:. 2699:. 2673:. 2647:. 2621:. 2595:. 2569:. 2543:. 2517:. 2491:. 2401:. 2379:: 2356:. 2325:. 2297:. 2250:. 2215:. 2193:: 2165:. 2123:. 2049:. 1997:. 1946:. 329:/ 162:) 158:(

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.

Index