1108:
The chain of circumstances by which this helper joins the hero and certain details of his later experience are so uniform and well articulated as to form an easily recognizable motif, or rather cluster of motifs. This fact has caused some confusion to scholars who have not sufficiently distinguished
156:
Thompson's motif-index organizes thousands of motifs. Entries are first organized by an umbrella topic (for example, category S is "Unnatural
Cruelty"). Entries are then divided into more specific subcategories. For example, entry S50 "Cruel relatives-in-law" contains the sub-entry S51.1 "Cruel
99:
itself, Thompson had also provided a more "cautious" definition: "nything that goes to make up a traditional narrative ... When the term motif is employed, it is always in a very loose sense, and is made to include any of the elements of narrative structure".
69:, who was an outspoken critic, also said substantially the same thing, without confining the application to comparative studies: " index constitute two of the most valuable tools in the professional folklorist's arsenal of aids for analysis".
1243:(1992). Index des Motifs Narratifs dans les Romans Arthuriens Français en Vers (XIIe-XIIIe Siècles)/Motif-Index of French Arthurian Verse Romances (12th-13th century). Publications Romanes et Françaises 202. Geneva: Droz.
1138:, FF Communications, 106–109, 116–117, 6 vols (Helsinki: Suomalainen Tiedeakatemia/Academia Scientiarum Fennica, 1932–36)/Indiana University Studies, 96–97, 100–101, 105–106, 108–112, 6 vols (Bloomington, Ind, 1932–1936).
117:
is not summed up in the definition for literary criticism ("Motif", def. 3a), but deserves its own separate sense of this definition ("Motif", def. 3b). Similarly, the compound noun
57:
The motif-index and the ATU indices are regarded as standard tools in the study of folklore. For example, folklorist Mary Beth Stein said that, "Together with
Thompson's six-volume
1143:
Motif-Index of Folk-Literature: A Classification of
Narrative Elements in Folk-Tales, Ballads, Myths, Fables, Mediaeval Romances, Exempla, Fabliaux, Jest-Books, and Local Legends
1136:
Motif-Index of Folk-Literature: A Classification of
Narrative Elements in Folk-Tales, Ballads, Myths, Fables, Mediaeval Romances, Exempla, Fabliaux, Jest-Books, and Local Legends
1164:
Many folklorists have produced extensive motif and tale-type indices for culture areas not covered by
Thompson, or covered only to a limited extent. For surveys, see
145:, who in 1910 published an index of European tale-types. Thompson himself had revised this in 1928 to cover the region from Europe to Asia: this is known as the
92:
is the smallest element in a tale having a power to persist in tradition. In order to have this power it must have something unusual and striking about it".
1666:
Uther, Hans-Jörg. 2004. "The Types of
International Folktales: A Classification and Bibliography. Based on the system of Antti Aarne and Stith Thompson".
1213:
Bray, Dorothy Ann (1992). A list of motifs in the lives of the early Irish saints. FF Communications 252. Helsinki: Academia
Scientiarum Fennica.
1070:
The idea has been expressed that a combined set of motifs (in the motif-index) may constitute a folktale narrative (cf. the description of the
229:
153:, Thompson then compiled, classified, and numbered the traditional motifs of the mostly European folktale types in the tale-type index.
1286:
Neugaard, Edward (1993). Motif-index of medieval
Catalan folktales. Binghamton, N.Y: Center for Medieval and Early Renaissance Studies.
1292:
Ruck, E. H. (1991). An index of themes and motifs in twelfth-century French
Arthurian poetry. Arthurian studies 25 Woodbridge: Brewer.
1104:, Thompson invokes this phrase "cluster of motifs" in several passages, as here, in connection with tales involving the dead helper:
1295:
Sakaoǧlu, S. (1980). Anadolu-tiur efsanelerinde tas kesilme motifi ve efsanelerin tip katalogu. Ankara: Ankara
Universitesi Basemev.
1219:(1952). Motif-Index of Early Irish Literature. Indiana University Publications, Folklore Series 7. Bloomington: Indiana University.
146:
1289:
Neuland, Lena (1981). Motif-index of Latvian folktales and legends. FF Communications 229. Helsinki: Academia Scientiarum Fennica.
2090:
1253:
Jason, Heda (2000). Motif, type, and genre: a manual for compilation of indices & a bibliography of indices and indexing.
1231:
Frenzel, Elisabeth (2008). Motive der Weltliteratur: Ein Lexikon dichtungsgeschichtlicher Längsschnitte. Stuttgart: Kroener.
1540:
See further Allen Smith, 'JAL Guide to Software, Courseware and CD-ROM: Stith Thompson's Motif-Index of Folk Literature',
1441:"Motif Index". Def. C2. 2008. Oxford English Dictionary Online Database. 3rd ed. Oxford, Oxford UP. Web. 10 December 2011.
1225:(1995). Folk Traditions in the Arab World: A Guide to Motif Classification. 2 Vols. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
249:
2015:
1709:
46:
1661:
1641:
1621:
1574:
1120:
Thompson also explains that a single motif may be found in numerous folktales "from all parts of the earth" (383).
2095:
2085:
2080:
1653:
1265:
Kristić, Branislav (1984). Indeks motiva narodnih pesama balkanskih Slovena. Ed. I. Nikolié. Belgrad: Minerva.
2075:
1074:
as "a huge catalogue of folk narrative elements that may variously combine to form whole folk narratives" by
1567:
1298:
Smith, R. E. (1980). Type-index and motif-index of the Roman de Renard. Uppsala: Etnologiska Institutionen.
1001:
918:
1228:
El-Shamy, Hasan (2006). Motif Index of The Thousand and One Nights. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
2010:
1207:(1966). Motif-Index of Early Icelandic Literature. Bibliotheca Arnamagnæana 27. Copenhagen: Munksgaard.
1491:
109:
1262:. Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press, 1971. Accessed September 11, 2021. doi:10.2307/j.ctvp2n3hb.
65:
constitutes the most important reference work and research tool for comparative folk-tale analysis.
1923:
1633:
796:
771:
677:
1272:, (1982). Motiv-Index der deutschsprachigen weltlichen Erzählliteratur von den Anfangen bis 1400.
1613:
1240:
616:
1702:
1204:
683:
2037:
1562:
1322:
340:
122:
1601:
1201:
Baughman, Ernest (1966). Type and Motif-Index of the Folktales of England and North America.
2042:
1269:
1082:
476:
8:
1748:
1487:
1309:
1075:
622:
315:
272:
255:
1885:
1875:
1770:
1589:
1305:
1790-1830: Plot summaries and index to motifs. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky.
1237:
Goldberg, Harriet (2000). Motif-index of folk narratives in the pan-Hispanic romancero.
1086:
971:
535:
141:. In producing the motif-index, Thompson built upon the research of Finnish folklorist
16:
Six volume catalogue of folklore motifs used by folklorists, composed by Stith Thompson
2047:
1695:
1657:
1637:
1617:
1570:
1222:
1117:
for the adventures of the hero", containing "at least three different tales within".
879:
522:
26:
820:
2005:
1185:
1113:
But in this instance, Thompson is warning that the motif cluster is rather "only a
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912:
416:
214:
42:
1681:
1109:
between such a motif and the entire tale of which it forms only an important part.
1933:
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664:
575:
235:
1948:
1793:
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1090:
34:
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1895:
1853:
1810:
1247:
854:
754:
697:
397:
363:
287:
1687:
1279:
Marzolph, Ulrich (1983). Motiv-Index der arabischen literarischen Anekdote.
1176:
Uther, Hans-Jörg (1996). "Type- and Motif-Indices 1980-1995: An Inventory".
2027:
1969:
1900:
1775:
1302:
1257:
987:
842:
470:
1234:
Goldberg, Harriet (1998). Motif-index of medieval Spanish folk narratives.
1984:
1840:
1733:
1581:
1145:, rev. and enl. edn, 6 vols (Copenhagen: Rosenkilde and Bagger, 1955–58).
1114:
875:
863:
546:
445:
241:
142:
125:
to denote "an index of standard motifs, esp. those found in folk tales".
66:
2054:
1979:
1938:
1928:
1858:
1848:
1760:
1743:
1605:
1593:
1085:
who wrote that a "cluster of motifs" constituted a "plot", influencing
900:
500:
2032:
1989:
1943:
1910:
1865:
1830:
1670:, no. 284–286. Helsinki: Suomalainen Tiedeakatemia. Three volumes. I.
1210:
Bordman, Gerald (1963). Motif-Index of the English Metrical Romances.
720:
689:
197:
1312:
corpus: The English and Scottish popular ballad. Berlin: de Gruyter.
1197:
Examples of related folklore studies indices include the following:
1189:
1149:
1974:
1953:
1918:
1718:
1043:
804:
431:
30:
107:
is specialized to the field of folklore studies. According to the
37:(1932–1936, revised and expanded 1955–1958). Often referred to as
1815:
1765:
1009:
765:
671:
306:
1890:
1825:
1820:
1755:
1584:. 1997. "The Motif-Index and the Tale Type Index: A Critique."
1155:
Reissued on CD-ROM Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1993.
657:
1308:
Wurzbach, Natascha and Simone Salz (1995). Motif index of the
1738:
1052:
747:
737:
733:
382:
845:: story with indefinite sequels told to stave off execution.
1880:
1805:
995:
703:
408:
C 961.1 Transformation to pillar of salt for breaking taboo
1432:. 3rd ed. Oxford, Oxford UP, 1989. Web. 10 December 2011.
157:
mother-in-law plans death of daughter-in-law". Thompson's
1630:
A Folklorist's Progress: Reflections of a Scholar's Life
595:
D1800—D2199 Possession and means of employment of magic
1170:
Tale type- and motif-indexes: An annotated bibliography
139:
A Folklorist's Progress: Reflection of a Scholar's Life
45:, where folklorists commonly use it in tandem with the
832:
J0-J199 Acquisition and possession of wisdom/knowledge
72:
Concise outlines of both indices appear in Thompson's
531:
D1520 Magic object affords miraculous transportation
1246:
Haboucha, Reginetta (1992). Types and motifs of the
161:
includes the following overview of the motif-index:
1518:
1516:
1514:
1462:
1390:
1259:A Motif-Index of Traditional Polynesian Narratives
230:Four suns at first: culture hero shoots three down
84:In the context of the index, Thompson has defined
1471:
1150:Digitisations of the second edition (book format)
1123:
568:D1719 Possession of magic powers — miscellaneous
542:D1550 Magic object miraculously opens and closes
49:(ATU), an index used for folktale type analysis.
2067:
1511:
634:D2100—D2199 Other manifestations of magic power
461:D600-D699 Miscellaneous transformation incidents
280:A1200-A1699 Creation and ordering of human life
1453:
937:K1200-K1299 Deception into Humiliating Position
387:C0-C99 Taboo connected with supernatural beings
1563:Cycles of Influence: Fiction, Folktale, Theory
1065:
955:K1800-K1899 Deceptions by Disguise or Illusion
946:K1400-K1599 Deceptions Connected with Adultery
424:D10-D99 Transformation of man to different man
1717:
1703:
850:J1700-J2799 Fools (and other unwise persons)
191:A116.1 Twin gods - one mortal, other immortal
41:, the catalogue has been extensively used in
1444:
859:J2021: Numskulls cannot find their own legs
554:D1600—D1699 Characteristics of magic objects
441:D300-D399 Transformation: animals to person
940:K1300-K1399 Seduction or Deceptive Marriage
559:D1700—2199 Magic Powers and Manifestations
268:A1100-A1199 Establishment of natural order
1710:
1696:
1081:This idea had already been anticipated by
562:D1710—D1799 Manifestations of magic power
455:D450-D499 Transformation: object to object
362:B582.1.1 Animal wins wife for his master (
242:Man in the Moon a rabbit (or other animal)
1430:Oxford English Dictionary Online Database
727:F700-F899 Extraordinary places and things
545:D1552.2 Mountain opens to magic formula (
1486:
1480:
949:K1600-K1699 Deceiver Falls into own Trap
588:D 1761 Magic results produced by wishing
427:D100-D199 Transformation: man to animal
405:C900-C999 Punishment for breaking taboo
871:J2100: Remedies worse than the disease
452:D400-D499 Other forms of transformation
438:D200-D299 Transformation: man to object
300:A2600-A2699 Origins of trees and plants
2068:
1159:
952:K1700-K1799 Deception through Bluffing
934:K1000-K1199 Deception into Self-Injury
371:B600-B699 Marriage of person to animal
359:B500-B599 Services of helpful animals
204:A500-A599 Demigods and Culture Heroes
1691:
1506:
1405:
1366:
1250:folktales. New York, London: Garland.
1175:
943:K1400-K1499 Dupe's Property Destroyed
816:H1200-H1399 Tests of prowess: Quests
1507:Benson (1999: 23–24, 252–253 n9, 10)
1493:Folklore: A Study and Research Guide
1435:
1422:
1093:, whose study prefigured Thompson's
792:H0-H199 Identity tests: Recognition
631:D2050—D2099 Destructive magic powers
604:D1831 Magic strength resides in hair
598:D1800—D1949 Lasting magic qualities
487:D800-D899 Ownership of magic objects
374:B700-B799 Fanciful traits of animals
336:B200-B299 Animals with human traits
52:
1610:The Oxford Companion to Fairy Tales
781:G400-G499 Falling into ogre's power
393:C200-C299 Eating and drinking taboo
328:B120-B169 Animals with magic wisdom
294:A1700-A1799 Creation of animal life
13:
1450:Cf. Thompson (1996: 89, 100, 307).
835:J200-J1099 Wise and unwise conduct
813:H900-H1199 Tests of prowess: Tasks
609:D1950—D2049 Magic characteristics
490:D900-D1299 Kinds of magic objects
466:D700-D799 Repeated transformation
356:B400-B499 Kinds of helpful animals
297:A2200-A2599 Animal characteristics
225:A600-A899 Cosmogony and cosmology
61:, with which it is cross-indexed,
33:, composed by American folklorist
14:
2107:
1675:
1542:Journal of Academic Librarianship
1268:Lichtblau, K., S. Obermayer, and
1128:
1057:Z. Miscellaneous Groups of Motifs
582:D1720 Acquisition of magic powers
458:D500-D599 Means of transformation
350:B300-B349 Helpful animals―general
133:Thompson discusses composing the
1496:, St. Martin's Press, p. 15
893:K0-K99 Contests Won by Deception
493:D990—D1029. Magic bodily members
213:A515.1.1.1. Twin culture heroes
210:A515.1. Culture heroes brothers
163:
1534:
1525:
1500:
1428:"Motif". Def. 3a and 3b. 2008.
1335:
862:See examples in a footnote in "
518:D1470 Magic object as provider
178:A21.1. Male and female creators
113:, folkloristic use of the noun
2091:Recurring elements in folklore
2022:Motif-Index of Folk-Literature
1654:University of California Press
1410:
1399:
1381:
1372:
1360:
1124:Editions (print and digitised)
961:K2100-K2199 False Accusations
928:K700-K799 Capture by Deception
716:F200-F699 Marvelous creatures
571:D1719.5 Magic power of a fairy
147:Aarne-Thompson tale type index
135:Motif-Index of Folk-Literature
79:
59:Motif-Index of Folk-Literature
22:Motif-Index of Folk-Literature
1:
1348:
925:K500-K699 Escape by Deception
896:K100-K299 Deceptive Bargains
810:H500-H899 Tests of cleverness
713:F0-F199 Otherworldly journeys
513:D1081.1 Sword of magic origin
331:B170-B199 Other magic animals
25:is a six volume catalogue of
1586:Journal of Folklore Research
1568:Wayne State University Press
1353:
1172:. New York, London: Garland.
908:K300-K499 Thefts and Cheats
829:J. The Wise and the Foolish
265:A1000-A1099 World calamities
207:A515 Pair of culture heroes
7:
1316:
1097:, as has been pointed out.
1066:Relation to tale-type index
347:B300-B599 Friendly animals
10:
2112:
2016:Aarne–Thompson–Uther Index
2011:Morphology (folkloristics)
1551:
1301:Tracy, Ann B. (1981). The
585:D1740 Loss of magic powers
353:B350-B399 Grateful Animals
325:B100-B119 Treasure animals
165:
47:Aarne–Thompson–Uther Index
1998:
1962:
1909:
1839:
1784:
1726:
1600:Stein, Mary Beth. 2015. "
1387:Thompson (1977 : 481-500)
1341:The grateful dead (E341).
1168:Azzolina, David S. 1987.
1017:R. Captives and Fugitives
1014:Q. Rewards and Punishment
931:K800-K999 Fatal Deception
919:The emperor's new clothes
574:D1719.6 Magic power of a
484:D800-D1699 Magic Objects
128:
110:Oxford English Dictionary
1646:Thompson, Stith. 1977 .
1634:Indiana University Press
1544:, 20, no. 4 (1994), 255.
1328:
1241:Guerreau-Jalabert, Anita
983:M. Ordaining the Future
772:La Belle Dame sans Merci
743:G10-G399 Kinds of ogres
479:: disenchantment by kiss
402:C400-C499 Speaking taboo
322:B100-B199 Magic animals
311:B0-B99 Mythical animals
1628:Thompson, Stith. 1996.
1614:Oxford University Press
1560:Benson, Stephen. 2003.
1468:Dundes (1997: 195-202).
855:Town (country) of fools
838:J1100-J1699 Cleverness
784:G500-G599 Ogre defeated
617:King asleep in mountain
421:D0-D699 Transformation
175:A21 Creator from above
169:A. Mythological motifs
29:, granular elements of
2096:Classification systems
2086:1955 non-fiction books
2081:1932 non-fiction books
1477:Thompson (1946: 488-).
1459:Uther (2004: 284-286).
1178:Asian Folklore Studies
1111:
1048:W. Traits of Character
980:L. Reversal of Fortune
958:K1900-K1999 Impostures
750:. Persons eat corpses.
684:Procession of the dead
615:D1960.2 Kyffhäuser or
496:D1070 Magic ornaments
250:Origin of the Pleiades
137:in his autobiography,
39:Thompson's motif-index
1396:Thompson (1977: 415).
1323:Comparative mythology
1106:
1039:U. The Nature of Life
778:G300-G399 Other ogres
761:G100-G199 Giant ogres
663:E215 The Dead Rider (
653:E0-E199 Resuscitation
262:A900-A999 Topological
123:cultural anthropology
103:This use of the noun
63:The Types of Folktale
2076:Works about folklore
1602:Aarne-Thompson index
1488:Brunvand, Jan Harold
1083:Alexander Veselovsky
1020:S. Unnatural Cruelty
660:and other revenants
601:D1830 Magic strength
477:Beauty and the beast
283:A1411 Theft of light
215:sired by two fathers
1531:Thompson (1977:52).
1522:Thompson (1977:50).
1160:Other motif indices
1076:Jan Harold Brunvand
797:Princess on the pea
510:D1081 Magic swords
507:D1080 Magic weapons
390:C100-C199 Sex taboo
273:Why the Sea is Salt
1876:Luminous gemstones
1771:Personal narrative
1378:Dundes (1997: 195)
1256:Kirtley, Bacil F.
1087:Russian formalists
637:D2100 Magic wealth
612:D1960 Magic sleep
536:Seven-league boots
2063:
2062:
1668:FF Communications
1406:Benson (1999: 23)
1063:
1062:
1002:Whittington's cat
880:Wise Men of Chelm
678:The grateful dead
623:Forgotten fiancée
275:: magic salt mill
53:As standard tools
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2006:Folklore studies
1721:genres and types
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1141:Stith Thompson,
1134:Stith Thompson,
1031:Hero and Leander
1026:T80 Tragic love
966:Calumniated Wife
874:See examples in
819:H1337 Quest for
172:A0-A99. Creator
164:
43:folklore studies
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1871:Legend tripping
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1190:10.2307/1178824
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972:Potiphar's wife
236:Man in the Moon
188:A116 Twin gods
185:A100-A499 Gods
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88:as follows: "A
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1684:via HathiTrust
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364:Puss in Boots
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341:Bird language
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24:
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2028:Storytelling
2021:
2020:
1970:Cunning folk
1901:Weather lore
1776:Urban legend
1682:Digital copy
1667:
1649:The Folktale
1647:
1629:
1609:
1585:
1582:Dundes, Alan
1561:
1541:
1536:
1527:
1502:
1492:
1482:
1473:
1464:
1455:
1446:
1437:
1429:
1424:
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1362:
1337:
1303:gothic novel
1280:
1273:
1258:
1196:
1181:
1177:
1169:
1163:
1142:
1135:
1119:
1112:
1107:
1102:The Folktale
1101:
1100:In the book
1099:
1094:
1080:
1071:
1069:
988:Rash promise
913:Master thief
843:Scheherazade
650:E. The Dead
523:Magic hammer
471:Loathly lady
159:The Folktale
158:
155:
150:
138:
134:
132:
118:
114:
108:
104:
102:
96:
94:
89:
85:
83:
74:The Folktale
73:
71:
62:
58:
56:
38:
21:
20:
18:
1985:Folk healer
1841:Folk belief
1734:Animal tale
1417:Motif-index
1276:23: 293–95.
1095:Motif-Index
1072:Motif-Index
876:Molbo story
864:Molbo story
710:F. Marvels
547:Open sesame
521:D1470.1.46
446:Swan maiden
256:Earth Diver
151:Motif-Index
143:Antti Aarne
121:is used in
119:motif index
97:Motif-index
95:But in the
80:Terminology
67:Alan Dundes
2070:Categories
2055:Vernacular
1980:Folk devil
1939:Folk music
1929:Folk dance
1859:Folk saint
1849:Birthstone
1761:Tall tales
1744:Fairy tale
1606:Jack Zipes
1349:References
1283:24: 275–7.
901:Soup stone
803:H300-H499
764:G200-G299
696:E600-E699
656:E200-E599
576:Holy Cross
501:Magic ring
430:D113.1. 1
396:C300-C399
2038:Knowledge
2033:Tradition
1990:Folk hero
1944:Folk play
1924:Folk epic
1911:Folk arts
1881:Mythology
1866:Ghostlore
1831:Word game
1727:Narrative
1608:(editor)
1354:Citations
1270:C. Tuczay
1115:framework
841:J1185.1.
789:H. Tests
721:Thumbling
690:Wild Hunt
149:. In his
2043:Medicine
1999:See also
1975:Fakelore
1954:Foodways
1919:Folk art
1719:Folklore
1490:(1976),
1317:See also
1044:Religion
964:K2110.1
899:K112.2 "
805:Marriage
534:D1521.1
432:Werewolf
271:A1115.2
76:(1946).
31:folklore
1963:Society
1816:Proverb
1766:Parable
1594:3814885
1552:Sources
1023:T. Sex
1010:Society
1000:N411.1
766:Witches
719:F535.1
672:Vampire
475:D735.1
444:D361.1
339:B215.1
316:Phoenix
307:Animals
240:A751.2
228:A716.1
198:Sky god
1891:Ritual
1826:Saying
1821:Riddle
1756:Legend
1660:
1640:
1620:
1592:
1573:
1281:Fabula
1274:Fabula
986:M223.
970:K2111
903:" sold
853:J1703
795:H41.1
748:Ghouls
665:Lenore
658:Ghosts
621:D2003
499:D1076
286:A1415
129:System
27:motifs
2048:Story
1799:False
1739:Fable
1604:" in
1590:JSTOR
1329:Notes
1310:Child
1089:like
1053:Humor
917:K445
911:K301
807:tests
770:G264
738:Satan
736:(and
734:Ogres
688:E501
682:E491
676:E341
670:E251
469:D732
417:Magic
383:Taboo
254:A812
248:A773
234:A751
196:A210
115:motif
105:motif
90:motif
86:motif
1806:Joke
1749:list
1658:ISBN
1638:ISBN
1618:ISBN
1571:ISBN
1029:T83
996:Fate
878:and
753:G84
746:G20
704:soul
314:B32
19:The
1186:doi
1078:).
1051:X.
1042:V.
1008:P.
732:G.
415:D.
381:C.
305:B.
2072::
1656:.
1652:.
1636:.
1632:.
1616:.
1612:.
1566:.
1513:^
1419:19
1182:55
1180:.
740:)
366:).
1711:e
1704:t
1697:v
1369:.
1192:.
1188::
866:"
667:)
549:)
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