Moroccan Arabic - Knowledge

542: 10944: 363: 10577: 2069: 36: 1802:/ are very distinct consonants that only occur geminated, and almost always come at the beginning of a word. They function completely differently from other emphatic consonants: They are pronounced with heavy pharyngealization, affect adjacent short/unstable vowels but not full vowels, and are pronounced with a noticeable diphthongal off-glide between one of these consonants and a following front vowel. Most of their occurrences can be analyzed as underlying sequences of 13513: 503: 345: 303: 773: 2360: 1165:. Emphasis spreads fairly rigorously towards the beginning of a word and into prefixes, but much less so towards the end of a word. Emphasis spreads consistently from a consonant to a directly following vowel, and less strongly when separated by an intervening consonant, but generally does not spread rightwards past a full vowel. For example, 10582: 10578: 10579: 11654: 507: 348: 505: 347: 511: 509: 504: 352: 351: 346: 10581: 510: 353: 4225:

circumfix (unlike, for example, in Egyptian Arabic). Also, unlike in Egyptian Arabic, there are no phonological changes to the verbal cluster as a result of adding the circumfix. In Egyptian Arabic, adding the circumfix can trigger stress shifting, vowel lengthening and shortening, elision when /ma-/

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used for writing Moroccan Arabic in electronic media, such as texting and chat, often based on sound-letter correspondences from French, English or Spanish ('sh' or 'ch' for English 'sh', 'u' or 'ou' for English 'oo', etc.) and using numbers to represent sounds not found in French or English (2-3-7-9

4606:

Hence, the root F-M-L stands for all three-consonant roots, and F-S-T-L stands for all four-consonant roots. (Traditional Arabic grammar uses F-ʕ-L and F-ʕ-L-L, respectively, but the system used here appears in a number of grammars of spoken Arabic dialects and is probably less confusing for English

4557:

Doubled roots are roots that have the final two consonants identical. Doubled stems end with a geminate consonant. Only Forms I, IV, VII, VIII, and X yield a doubled stem from a doubled root. Other forms yield a strong stem. In addition, in most dialects (but not Moroccan), all stems in Form IX are

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axis (described as "strong", "weak", "hollow", "doubled" or "assimilated") is determined by the specific consonants making up the root, especially whether a particular consonant is a "w" or " y", and mostly involves varying the nature and location of the vowels of a stem form. For example, so-called

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as the last consonant. Weak stems are those that have a vowel as the last segment of the stem. For the most part, there is a one-to-one correspondence between weak roots and weak stems. However, form IX verbs with a weak root will show up the same way as other root types (with doubled stems in most

459:

is used to varying degrees in formal situations such as religious sermons, books, newspapers, government communications, news broadcasts and political talk shows, Moroccan Arabic is the predominant spoken language of the country and has a strong presence in Moroccan television entertainment, cinema

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The /e/ in the final vowel of the stem is elided when a vowel-initial suffix is added. This behavior is seen in all classes where the stem ends in /-VCeC/ or/-VCCeC/ (where /V/ stands for any vowel and /C/ for any consonant). In addition to form II strong, this includes form III strong, form III

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moods. To the former stem, suffixes are added to mark the verb for person, number and gender. To the latter stem, a combination of prefixes and suffixes are added. (Very approximately, the prefixes specify the person and the suffixes indicate number and gender.) The third person masculine singular

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composed of three or four consonants. The set of consonants communicates the basic meaning of a verb. Changes to the vowels between the consonants, along with prefixes and/or suffixes, specify grammatical functions such as tense, person and number in addition to changes in the meaning of the verb

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as the last consonant. Hollow stems are those that end with /-VC/ in which V is a long vowel (most other dialects) or full vowel in Moroccan Arabic (/a/, /i/ or /u/). Only triliteral hollow roots form hollow stems and only in forms I, IV, VII, VIII and X. In other cases, a strong stem generally

1027:

surfaces as . This deletion of short vowels can result in long strings of consonants (a feature shared with Amazigh and certainly derived from it). These clusters are never simplified; instead, consonants occurring between other consonants tend to syllabify, according to a sonorance hierarchy.

11606: 11376: 512: 513: 508: 354: 350: 2250:, some Berber tribes became bilingual for generations before abandoning their language for Arabic; however, they kept a substantial Berber stratum that increases from the east to the west of the Maghreb, making Moroccan Arabic dialects the ones most influenced by Berber. 1224:. Actual pharyngealization of "emphatic" consonants is weak and may be absent entirely. In contrast with some dialects, vowels adjacent to emphatic consonants are pure; there is no diphthong-like transition between emphatic consonants and adjacent front vowels. 2350:(Rabat, éditions Al Manahil, ministère des Affaires Culturelles), by a Frenchman named Georges Séraphin Colin, who devoted nearly all his life to it from 1921 to 1977. The dictionary contains 60,000 entries and was published in 1993, after Colin's death. 11182:

The dialects of Ouezzane, Chefchaouen, Asilah, Larache, Ksar el-Kebir and Tangiers are influenced by the neighbouring mountain dialects. The dialects of Marrakech and Meknes are influenced by Bedouin dialects. The old urban dialect formerly spoken in

983:) was then deleted entirely in most positions; for the most part, it is maintained only in the position /...CəC#/ or /...CəCC#/ (where C represents any consonant and # indicates a word boundary), i.e. when appearing as the last vowel of a word. When 11610: 11380: 5022:

Not all forms have a separate verb class for hollow or doubled roots. In such cases, the table below has the notation "(use strong form)", and roots of that shape appear as strong verbs in the corresponding form; e.g. Form II strong verb

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or "ݣود" has much of its content written in Moroccan Arabic rather than Modern Standard Arabic. Its name "Goud" and its slogan "dima nishan" (ديما نيشان) are Moroccan Arabic expressions that mean almost the same thing "straightforward".

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In this section, all verb classes and their corresponding stems are listed, excluding the small number of irregular verbs described above. Verb roots are indicated schematically using capital letters to stand for consonants in the root:

1891:) or some other unusual emphatic consonant in order to account for the proper vowel allophones; but an alternative analysis is possible for these words where the vowel allophones are considered to be (marginal) phonemes on their own. 11566: 10815:

The first known scientific productions written in Moroccan Arabic were released on the Web in early 2010 by Moroccan teacher and physicist Farouk Taki El Merrakchi, three average-sized books dealing with physics and mathematics.

10580: 563:) as well as the main trade routes. The dialects are generally classified in three types: (old) urban, "village" and "mountain" sedentary and Jewish dialects. In Morocco, several pre-Hilalian dialects are spoken: 4493:

verbs are usually caused by one of those two letters as the middle root consonant, and the stems of such verbs have a full vowel (/a/, /i/ or /u/) before the final consonant, often along with only two consonants

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The following table lists the prefixes and suffixes to be added to mark tense, person, number, gender and the stem form to which they are added. The forms involving a vowel-initial suffix and corresponding stem

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There are no verbal clusters that begin with a vowel. The short vowels in the beginning of Forms IIa(V), and such, have already been deleted. MA has first-person singular non-past /ne-/ in place of Egyptian

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In general, Moroccan Arabic is one of the least conservative of all Arabic languages. Now, Moroccan Arabic continues to integrate new French words, even English ones due to its influence as the modern

2094:, most literate Muslims in Morocco would write in Standard Arabic, even if they spoke Darija as a first language. However, since Standard Arabic was typically taught in Islamic religious contexts, 643:

and their neighboring tribes (Zerahna tribe for Zerhoun; Kechtala, Behalil and Yazgha tribes for Sefrou), remnants of pre-Hilalian dialects that were more widely spoken before the 12th century.

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One characteristic of Moroccan Arabic syntax, which it shares with other North African varieties as well as some southern Levantine dialect areas, is in the two-part negative verbal circumfix

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The following table lists the verb classes along with the form of the past and non-past stems, active and passive participles, and verbal noun, in addition to an example verb for each class.

10781:, or improvised poetry, is mostly written in Moroccan Darija, and there have been at least dozens of Moroccan Darija poetry collections and anthologies published by Moroccan poets, such as 2296:"now". Many others, however, are characteristic of Maghrebi Arabic as a whole including both innovations and unusual retentions of Classical vocabulary that disappeared elsewhere, such as 4576:

Strong roots and stems are those that fall under none of the other categories described above. It is common for a strong stem to correspond with a non-strong root but the reverse is rare.

10192:"Doubly weak" verbs have more than one "weakness", typically a W or Y as both the second and third consonants. In Moroccan Arabic such verbs generally behave as normal weak verbs (e.g. 2131: 10665:

The language continues to evolve quickly as can be noted by consulting the Colin dictionary. Many words and idiomatic expressions recorded between 1921 and 1977 are now obsolete.

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The prefixes /t-/, /n-/ always appear without any stem vowel. This behavior is seen in all classes where the stem begins with a single consonant (which includes most classes).

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Similarly, and unlike most other Arabic dialects, doubled consonants are never simplified to a single consonant, even when at the end of a word or preceding another consonant.

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Though rarely written, Moroccan Arabic is currently undergoing an unexpected and pragmatic revival. It is now the preferred language in Moroccan chat rooms or for sending

4153:/ma-/ comes from the Classical Arabic negator /ma/. /-ʃi/ is a development of Classical /ʃajʔ/ "thing". The development of a circumfix is similar to the French circumfix 9147:

Hollow have a W or Y as the middle root consonant. Note that for some forms (e.g. form II and form III), hollow verbs are conjugated as strong verbs (e.g. form II

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The regular Moroccan Arabic verb conjugates with a series of prefixes and suffixes. The stem of the conjugated verb may change a bit, depending on the conjugation:

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The present indicative is formed from the subjunctive by the addition of /ka-/. Similarly, the future is formed from the subjunctive by the addition of /ɣa-/.

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is rare in native words; in nearly all cases of native words with vowels indicating the presence of a nearby emphatic consonant, there is a nearby triggering

2203: 2184: 2335: 9458:"teach". Like all verbs whose stem begins with a single consonant, the prefixes differ in the following way from those of regular and weak form I verbs: 11824:

Angela Daiana Langone. ‘Jeux linguistiques et nouveau style dans la masrahiyya en-Neqsha, Le déclic, écrite en dialecte marocain par Tayyeb Saddiqi’, in

4573:. Assimilated stems begin with a vowel. Only Form I (and Form IV?) yields assimilated stems and only in the non-past. There are none In Moroccan Arabic. 2292:

There are noticeable lexical differences between Moroccan Arabic and most other Arabic languages. Some words are essentially unique to Moroccan Arabic:

1213:). Contrast, for example, Egyptian Arabic, where emphasis tends to spread forward and backward to both ends of a word, even through several syllables. 13945: 6522:

Prefixes /ne-/ and /te-/ keep the vowel before two consonants but drop it before one consonant; hence singular /ne-kteb/ changes to plural /n-ketb-u/.

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New urban dialects: predominantly Hilalian urban dialects, resulting from the migration movements from the countryside to cities in 20th century.

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Now: "daba" in the majority of regions, but "druk" or "druka" is also used in some regions in the centre and south and "drwek" or "durk" in the east.

1814:(which appear frequently in diminutives, for example). However, a few lexical items appear to have independent occurrences of these phonemes, e.g. 1090:

are maintained as semi-long vowels, which are substituted for both short and long vowels in most borrowings from Modern Standard Arabic (MSA). Long

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What?: "ašnu", "šnu" or "āš" in most regions, but "šenni", "šennu" in the north, "šnu", "š" in Fes, and "wašta", "wasmu", "wāš" in the far east.

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verbs have one of those two letters as the last root consonant, which is reflected in the stem as a final vowel instead of a final consonant (

2187:. Newspapers in Moroccan Arabic also exist, such as Souq Al Akhbar, Al Usbuu Ad-Daahik, the regional newspaper Al Amal (formerly published by 460:

and commercial advertising. Moroccan Arabic has many regional dialects and accents as well, with its mainstream dialect being the one used in

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has traditionally been written in the classical Standard Arabic, the first record of a work of literature composed in Moroccan Arabic was

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The non-past stem has /i/ instead of /a/. The occurrence of one vowel or the other varies from stem to stem in an unpredictable fashion.

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When?: "fuqāš" in most regions,"fuyāx" in the Northwest (Tangier-Tetouan) but "imta" in the Atlantic region and "weqtāš" in Rabat region.

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Emphasis is audible mostly through its effects on neighboring vowels or syllabic consonants, and through the differing pronunciation of

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comes into contact with a vowel, addition or deletion of a short vowel, etc. However, they do not occur in Moroccan Arabic (MA):

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Ethno-linguistic map of northern Morocco: Pre-Hilalian speaking areas in purple (Mountain Arabic) and blue (old urban, village).

13938: 11969: 1887: 1719: 11395:"Farouk El Merrakchi Taki, professeur de physique en France, s'est lancé dans la rédaction de manuels scientifiques en darija" 11276: 14055: 14027: 12051: 11472: 11328: 11001: 10968: 4996:

stems. When two forms appear, separated by a semicolon, these represent third-singular and third-plural, which indicate the

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L. Messaoudi, Variations linguistiques: images urbaines et sociales, in: Cahiers de Sociolinguistique, no.6 (2001), pp.87-98

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in more positions. Dialects of the Sahara, and eastern dialects near the border of Algeria, preserve a distinction between

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elsewhere (third person). Note that /i-/ was borrowed from the weak verbs; the Classical Arabic equivalent form would be *

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There are no restrictions on complex consonant clusters in MA and hence no need to insert vowels to break up such clusters.

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Moroccans generally attempt to avoid French and Spanish in their speech; consequently, their speech tends to resemble old

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would have been used specifically with motion verbs, as in "I did not walk a step". It was generalised to other verbs.)

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which can be pronounced as . However, in some recent loanwords from European languages, a non-affricated, non-emphatic

14013: 13542: 12512: 11283:, in: Between the Atlantic and Indian Oceans, Studies on Contemporary Arabic, 7th AIDA Conference, 2006, held in Vienna 10789:. The later additionally wrote a novel trilogy in Moroccan Darija, a unique creation in this language, with the titles 4464:

and mostly involves varying the consonants of a stem form. For example, from the root K-T-B "write" are derived form I

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Boldface, here and elsewhere in paradigms, indicate unexpected deviations from some previously established pattern.

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When two forms appear, separated by a comma, these represent first-singular and third-singular, which indicate the

2195:(news of our country), which was published by Tangier-based American painter Elena Prentice between 2002 and 2006. 2098:

usually would not learn Standard Arabic and would write instead in Darija, or more specifically a variety known as

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The latter also published books written in Moroccan Arabic, mostly novels and stories, written by authors such as

669:) were introduced following the migration of Arab nomadic tribes to Morocco in the 11th century, particularly the 13159: 12056: 2850: 1492: 557:, from the 7th to the 12th centuries, concerning the main urban settlements, the harbors, the religious centres ( 317: 1161:

Emphatic spreading (i.e. the extent to which emphatic consonants affect nearby vowels) occurs much less than in

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When three forms appear, these represent first-singular, third-singular and third-plural, which indicate the

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The negative circumfix surrounds the entire verbal composite, including direct and indirect object pronouns:

2239: 1588: 2261:(between the 15th and the 17th centuries) influenced urban dialects with Spanish substrate (and loanwords). 14005: 13743: 13607: 12451: 12002: 10832:, or those simply interested in promoting the use of Moroccan Darija. From September 2006 to October 2010, 1835: 1563: 1508: 526: 6940:

reduced to /n-/ and /t-/. The reduction usually happens in normal and fast speech but not in slow speech.

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The imperative is conjugated with the suffixes of the present tense but without any prefixes or preverbs:

3029: 3020: 3011: 2056: 2052: 2045: 2041: 2037: 2033: 2029: 2025: 2021: 2017: 2013: 2009: 2005: 2001: 1997: 1993: 1989: 1978: 1974: 1970: 1966: 1962: 1958: 1954: 1950: 1946: 1942: 1911: 1903: 1899: 1895: 1882: 1878: 1874: 1870: 1866: 1862: 1856: 1852: 1845: 1841: 1819: 1815: 1811: 1807: 1803: 1799: 1795: 1791: 1784: 1772: 1768: 1764: 1756: 1221: 1217: 1210: 1206: 1202: 1198: 1194: 1190: 1186: 1182: 1178: 1174: 1170: 1166: 1147: 1143: 1103: 1099: 1095: 1091: 1087: 1083: 1079: 1072: 1068: 1064: 1060: 1056: 1052: 1048: 1044: 1040: 1036: 1032: 1031:

Some dialects are more conservative in their treatment of short vowels. For example, some dialects allow

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Moroccan Arabic was formed of several dialects of Arabic belonging to two genetically different groups:

14089: 13836: 13095: 12574: 2165:, and there is no universally standard written system for Darija. There is also a loosely standardized 1827: 1778: 1726: 1532: 1381: 1370: 1121: 942: 11881: 11694: 10611:

on television and in print media and a certain desire among many Moroccans for a revitalization of an

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One of the most notable features of Moroccan Arabic is the collapse of short vowels. Initially, short

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Angela Daiana Langone. ‘Khbar Bladna, une expérience journalistique en arabe dialectal marocain’, in

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in English. (Arabic has no infinitive.) For example, the verb meaning "write" is often specified as

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is specified by two stems, one used for the past tense and one used for non-past tenses, along with

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primarily by its lack of effect on adjacent vowels (see above; an alternative analysis is possible).

14617: 14607: 14390: 14233: 13516: 13424: 12906: 11904: 11747: 4349:"I am writing"). The co-existence of these two prefixes is from historical differences. In general 1405: 1113: 913: 899: 783: 11107: 6933:

Before a coronal stop /t/, /tˤ/, /d/ or /dˤ/, /ne-/ and /te-/ are always reduced to /n-/ and /t-/.

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are highlighted in silver. The forms involving a consonant-initial suffix and corresponding stem

3996:"I am writing"). The coexistence of these two prefixes is from historic differences. In general, 2960: 2381: 2232: 2086:

Through most of its history, Moroccan vernacular Arabic has usually not been written. Due to the

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Italicized forms are those that follow automatically from the regular rules of deletion of /e/.

2154: 726: 688: 684: 456: 387: 229: 224: 179: 11462: 11208:

A. Zouggari & J. Vignet-Zunz, Jbala: Histoire et société, dans Sciences Humaines, (1991) (

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axis (described as "form I", "form II", etc.) is used to specify grammatical concepts such as

1154:, front-rounded and other allophones also exist. Allophones in vowels usually do not exist in 14520: 14337: 14180: 14096: 14082: 13705: 13620: 13505: 13338: 13290: 13100: 13082: 13075: 13065: 13060: 13052: 12872: 12607: 12579: 12569: 12373: 11997: 2099: 1670: 1330: 1316: 1137: 646: 636: 491: 239: 169: 11260: 10615:

has inspired many Moroccans to integrate words from Modern Standard Arabic, replacing their

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results. In Moroccan Arabic, all form IX verbs yield hollow stems regardless of root shape:

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is not deleted, it is pronounced as a very short vowel, tending towards in the vicinity of

14380: 14375: 13558: 13241: 13001: 12921: 12401: 10639: 1462: 1272: 559: 57: 14251: 12042: 11148:

S. Levy, Repères pour une histoire linguistique du Maroc, in: EDNA no.1 (1996), pp.127-137

3809:(some regions tend to differentiate between masculine and feminine, the masculine form is 2338:& Harvey Sobelman. Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press, 1963 (reprinted 2004.) 541: 8: 14534: 13856: 13598: 13300: 13110: 12983: 12806: 12357: 12271: 12208: 11359: 10873: 10764:

band wrote lyrics in Moroccan Arabic that were very appealing to the youth even in other

10738: 10734: 2377: 2147: 2121: 1485: 1479: 1362: 1107: 988: 429: 53: 12199: 2956:

Note: All sentences are written according to the transcription used in Richard Harrell,

2889:: real (five centimes; the term has also been borrowed into many other Arabic dialects) 1859:

are two entirely separate phonemes, almost never contrasting in related forms of a word.

480:, and therefore it dominates the media and eclipses most of the other regional accents. 14398: 14033: 14019: 13468: 13154: 13070: 12867: 12792: 12531: 12517: 11334: 11019: 4417:, which actually means "he wrote". In the paradigms below, a verb will be specified as 4109: 4016:

are less used. In some regions like in the east (Oujda), most speakers use no preverb (

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in Moroccan Arabic; their aim was to bring information to people with a low level of

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Because the stems end in a vowel, normally vocalic suffixes assume consonantal form:

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Due to the regular operation of the stress rules, the stress in the past tense forms

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In the last few years, there have been some publications in Moroccan Darija, such as

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occur mostly in recent borrowings from European languages, and may be assimilated to

1677: 1635: 1581: 1515: 1500: 1452: 1438: 1388: 1323: 1302: 1290: 1277: 1257: 1146:

elsewhere. (Most other Arabic dialects only have a similar variation for the phoneme

892: 758:. Among the dialects, Hassaniya is often considered as distinct from Moroccan Arabic. 704: 662: 530: 483: 444: 174: 12968: 12498: 12325: 11105:

A. Bernard & P. Moussard, « Arabophones et Amazighophones au Maroc »,

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counterparts, or even speaking in Modern Standard Arabic while keeping the Moroccan

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Unlike in most other Arabic dialects (but, again, similar to Amazigh), non-emphatic

323: 14491: 14486: 14463: 14453: 14365: 14357: 14330: 14323: 14303: 14224: 14207: 13995: 13985: 13890: 13846: 13841: 13828: 13794: 13738: 13730: 13715: 13678: 13648: 13236: 13034: 13015: 12978: 12857: 12787: 12730: 12642: 12488: 12473: 12418: 12380: 12084: 12027: 11987: 11779: 11695:"Actualité : La "darija" ou correctement la langue marocaine sort ses griffes" 11581: 11422:. Springer Science & Business Media (published 5 December 2005). p. 2019. 11316: 11273: 10853: 10718: 10698: 10628: 10620: 7970:

The /i/ in the stem /safir/ is elided when a suffix beginning with a vowel follows.

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Before a voiced coronal /d/, /dˤ/, /z/, /zˤ/, or /ʒ/, /t-/ is assimilated to /d-/.

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in the south. In some regions like the east (Oujda), most speakers use no preverb:

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Form IX doubled verbs probably don't exist, and would be strong if they did exist.

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Form III, VI doubled verbs optionally behave either as strong verbs or similar to

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Boldfaced forms indicate the primary differences from the corresponding forms of

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Before a coronal fricative /s/, /sˤ/, /z/, /zˤ/, /ʃ/ or /ʒ/, /ne-/ and /te-/ are

4409:

past tense form serves as the "dictionary form" used to identify a verb like the

4405: 2862: 2834: 2711: 2305: 2282: 2228: 2106: 2103: 2079: 1982: 1658: 1262: 1162: 452: 448: 441: 378: 257: 194: 161: 149: 133: 105: 11657:[A new novel by Moroccan (writer) Driss Amghar Mesnaoui]. 24 August 2014 11353:"الخطاب السياسي لدة العامة في مغرب العصر المريني - ملعبة الكفيف الزرهوني نموذجا" 9052:

Mediopassive verb forms—i.e. Ia(VIIt), IIa(V), IIIa(VI) and Iqa(IIq) – have /a/.

14540: 14448: 14158: 13499: 13429: 13363: 13268: 13042: 12931: 12926: 12911: 12896: 12862: 12647: 12022: 11964: 11491:

Du Punique au Maghribi : Trajectoires d'une langue sémito-méditerranéenne

10678: 10674: 10204:"treat, cure" from D-W-Y). This is not always the case in standard Arabic (cf. 4461: 4390: 2140: 2110: 1197:"she hit him" (with variable but tending to be in between and ; no effect on 751: 696: 666: 250: 144: 11549: 11489: 11011: 10662:

for coding specific Arabic sounds, as is the case with other Arabic speakers.

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Doubled verbs have the same consonant as middle and last root consonant, e.g.

6512:

The imperative is also formed from the second-person subjunctive, this by the

4632:

are highlighted in gold. The forms involving no suffix and corresponding stem

14601: 14581: 14430: 14266: 14123: 13461: 13456: 13442: 13388: 13323: 13305: 13191: 13176: 13170: 13139: 12958: 12953: 12938: 12901: 12762: 12757: 12681: 12637: 12493: 12467: 11992: 11979: 11523: 11045:. Center for Near Eastern and North African Studies, University of Michigan. 10903: 10898: 10782: 10772: 10612: 10600: 4457: 4386: 2174: 2095: 1957:) if a sibilant, lateral or rhotic consonant appears later in the same stem: 1016: 864: 650: 611: 234: 11632: 11585: 9462:

The prefixes /t-/, /j-/, /ni-/ have elision of /i/ following /ka-/ or /ɣa-/.

6958:

Optional reduction /n-skon/ or /ne-skon/ "I reside", /te-skon/ or /t-skon/ "

4607:

speakers since the forms are easier to pronounce than those involving /ʕ/.)

4444:

The verb classes in Moroccan Arabic are formed along two axes. The first or

2970:= full vowels = normally , but in the vicinity of an emphatic consonant or 2624:: grandmother (jebli and northern urban dialects) / "jeda" :southern dialect 2068: 14256: 14068: 14047: 13923: 13615: 13434: 13393: 13333: 13313: 13273: 13186: 13181: 12948: 12943: 12833: 12556: 12542: 12246: 12156: 12129: 11310: 10988: 10587: 6925:/te-/ is always reduced to /t-/, and then all /t-/ are assimilated to /d-/. 5010:

stems. In both cases, the missing stem is the same as the third-singular (

4397: 2166: 1415: 1098:

also have many more allophones than in most other dialects; in particular,

1011:

except in the vicinity of a labial or velar consonant. In positions where

716: 625: 571: 477: 302: 13259: 12344: 12335: 12326: 12317: 12308: 12299: 12298: 12290: 12281: 12272: 12263: 12254: 12244: 12236: 12226: 12218: 12209: 12200: 12191: 12182: 12172: 12164: 12154: 12146: 12137: 12127: 12119: 12110: 12101: 12100: 11876: 11871: 11320: 11124: 10931: 277: 35: 13328: 13258: 13220: 13164: 12916: 12077: 11092: 2846: 2247: 1935: 1760: 1700: 886: 874: 859: 840: 595: 550: 12217: 12163: 12136: 2344:معجم الفصحى في العامية المغربية, Muhammad Hulwi, Rabat: al-Madaris 1988. 13589: 13527: 12478: 12387: 12253: 10936: 10604: 4955:

When only one form appears, this same form is used for all three stems.

4410: 2254: 1907: 1310: 934: 879: 869: 755: 670: 461: 433: 12343: 12289: 12280: 12235: 12228: 12181: 12174: 12145: 11838:

Abderrahim Youssi. ‘La triglossie dans la typologie linguistique’, in

7639:, which apply to many classes of verbs in addition to form II strong: 2919:: comer (but Moroccans use the expression to name the Parisian bread) 587: 14554: 13383: 10829: 10825: 4453: 4449: 4382: 4378: 3037: 2158: 2087: 1923: 1155: 1151: 921: 738: 619: 473: 367: 286: 270: 126: 12307: 12118: 10693:, it is common for code-switching to occur between Moroccan Arabic, 2416: 2388:. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed. 772: 13368: 13358: 12061: 11184: 6602:

Regular verb, form I, fʕel/yfʕel, assimilation-triggering consonant

3824:(can also be an order to write; kteb er-rissala: Write the letter) 2838: 2258: 2143: 692: 591: 335: 13251: 11896: 11274:

Zones linguistiques du Maroc arabophone: contacts et effets à Salé

10099:"sell". Like that class, it has two stems in the past, which are 14497: 13955: 13905: 13789: 13403: 12067: 11068:"Darija, a lingua franca influenced by both Arabic Tamazight and" 10908: 10839: 10775:

scene, which explores new and innovative usages of the language.

10765: 10714: 10690: 10686: 10607:

and modern words. However, in recent years, constant exposure to

2327:

There are a number of Moroccan Arabic dictionaries in existence:

1931: 1927: 1356: 607: 599: 554: 469: 331: 116: 11677:"Une première: Un Marocain rédige des manuels scientifiques en…" 10849: 10717:

in North Africa bordering only Morocco. On the other hand, some

10103:

before consonant-initial suffixes (first and second person) and

9473:

before consonant-initial suffixes (first and second person) and

9041:, resulting in homonymy between masculine and feminine singular. 2036:, etc. This does not apply to recent borrowings from MSA (e.g. 712: 579: 518: 13970: 13864: 13579: 13318: 13246: 11942: 11927: 11739:

Jordi Aguadé. ‘Notes on the Arabic Dialect of Casablanca’, in:

11510:"Helpful Moroccan Phrases with pronunciation - Moroccan Arabic" 10771:

Another interesting movement is the development of an original

10753: 10624: 2183:, as well as basic science books by Moroccan physics professor 2091: 720: 640: 629: 615: 603: 437: 189: 8705:

in the third person. In the non-past, there is a single stem

13398: 13353: 13343: 12262: 12190: 12072: 10778: 10752:

There exists some poetry written in Moroccan Arabic like the

10710: 10702: 2842: 2585: 2224: 2126: 1915: 1015:

was deleted, /u/ was also deleted, and is maintained only as

730: 708: 700: 680:

subgroup, a family that includes three main dialectal areas:

677: 575: 465: 366:

Decorations written in Moroccan Arabic at Chez Ali palace in

129: 11812:

Ablaut and Ambiguity: Phonology of a Moroccan Arabic Dialect

11791:

L'arabo del Marocco: elementi di dialetto standard e mediano

11419:

Multilingualism, Cultural Identity, and Education in Morocco

10987:

Manbahī, Muḥammad al-Madlāwī; منبهي، محمد المدلاوي. (2019).

10986: 10241:"come" (inflects like a normal weak verb, except imperative 10223:"give" (inflects like a normal weak verb; active participle 4233:

There is no distinction between long and short vowels in MA.

3954:

appears but not between the prefix and the transformed stem

2374:. The vast majority of 'example words' below lack citations. 455:. It is spoken by 90.9% of the population of Morocco. While 13373: 11460: 10673:

Some Moroccan Arabic speakers, in the parts of the country

9045:

Verbs other than form I behave as follows in the non-past:

4565:

Assimilated roots are those where the first consonant is a

583: 11464:

Loanwords in the World's Languages: A Comparative Handbook

7974: 4501:

It is important to distinguish between strong, weak, etc.

3266:

s-salam ʿalikum / as-salamu ʿalaykum (Classical) / ʔahlan

2974:("vicinity" generally means not separated by a full vowel) 334:

characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see

11358:. هيسبريس تمودا العدد XLIX، 2014، ص 13-32. Archived from 10963:. Centre for Advanced Studies of African Soc. p. 6. 10635: 6965:

Optional reduction/assimilation /te-ʒberˤ/ or /d-ʒberˤ/ "

4538:

other dialects but with hollow stems in Moroccan Arabic).

3965:

regardless of who is addressed. This is also the case of

3958:

because of the same restriction that produces inversion.

3141:

waš ka-tehder lengliziya / waš ka-tedwi be-l-lengliziya?

2114:

on Semitic languages written in Maghrebi Judeo-Arabic by

1919: 447:

and as such is mutually intelligible to some extent with

10642:

composed of Latin letters supplemented with the numbers

10187: 8678:

The primary differences from the corresponding forms of

7959:

The primary differences from the corresponding forms of

7295: 3468:šenni ʔesmek? /šenno ʔesmek? / kif-aš msemy nta/ntinah? 10756:. In the troubled and autocratic Morocco of the 1970s, 7675: 4318:

regardless of who is addressed. It is also the case of

3780:

The stem of the Moroccan Arabic verb for "to write" is

3144:

waš ka-tehder be-l-lengliziya? / ka-tehder lengliziya?

3057:

Northern (Jebli, Tanjawi and Tetouani) Moroccan Arabic

2040:"disposition"), nor as a result of the negative suffix 1763:, almost like (still distinguished from a sequence of 1759:

In normal circumstances, is pronounced with noticeable

11574:

Journal of Nationalism, Memory & Language Politics

11250:

François Decret, Les invasions hilaliennes en Ifrîqiya

9023:

This verb type is quite similar to the weak verb type

1885:. Many recent European borrowings appear to require ( 1003:

in this environment), and elsewhere. Original short

963:(however, some speakers maintain a difference between 676:

The Hilalian dialects spoken in Morocco belong to the

11712: 10802: 10796: 10790: 10590:, a Moroccan singer while she speaks Moroccan Arabic. 8329:

Weak verbs have a W or Y as the last root consonant.

2828: 2642:: synonym of send (jebli and northern urban dialects) 1914:

is preserved all the time in most big cities such as

1771:), and hence is easily distinguishable from emphatic 423: 11454: 9787: 2700: 2118:

to the Jews of Fes dates back to the ninth-century.

392: 9799: 9142: 9037:in the feminine singular non-past is simplified to 6973: 6193: 6188: 4952:In the past tense, there can be up to three stems: 4118:. (In many regions, including Marrakech, the final 2935: 2558:(orig. aħmar/axdar/azraq/aṣfar أحمر/أخضر/أزرق/أصفر) 11835:. Cuenca: Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 2004. 11819:Estudios de dialectologia norteafricana y andalusi 11461:Martin Haspelmath; Uri Tadmor (22 December 2009). 6951:Required reduction /n-them/ "I accuse", /t-them/ " 6519:The stem /kteb/ changes to /ketb-/ before a vowel. 3132:واش كَتهدر بالانّڭليزية؟/ واش كتدوي بالانّڭليزية؟ 2849:or, alternatively, they date from the time of the 628:: Dialects of northwestern Morocco, spoken by the 11807:. Washington, D.C.: Georgetown Univ. Press, 1966. 11800:. Washington, D.C.: Georgetown Univ. Press, 1962. 11793:. Rome: Università degli Studi La Sapienza, 2004. 11445: 9784:except in having stem vowel /u/ in place of /i/. 8324: 3444:/ š-ka-dexdem? / šini ka-teʿmel/tʿadal f-hyatak? 2895:: fondo (bottom of the sea or the swimming pool) 2564:: how much (orig. ayyu šayʾ ḥāl أَيُّ شَيْء حَال) 2417:Examples of words inherited from Classical Arabic 2332:A Dictionary of Moroccan Arabic: Moroccan-English 1019:of the adjacent labial or velar consonant; where 14599: 11847:Grammaire et lexique de l'arabe marocain moderne 10990:al-ʻArabīyah al-Dārijah : imlāʼīyah wa-naḥw 10275:) "take" (see paradigm below; active participle 9480: 9158: 4221:Future and interrogative sentences use the same 3938:before a vowel suffix because of the process of 3863:before a vowel suffix because of the process of 3340:kul-ši mezyan ? / kul-ši huwa hadak ? 2570:: why (orig. ʿalā ʾayyi šayʾ, عَلَى أَيِّ شَيْء) 1938:, etc.); for all words, both alternatives exist. 737:region and western Algeria (central and western 11784:Encyclopedia of Arabic Language and Linguistics 11752:Encyclopedia of Arabic Language and Linguistics 10211: 8686:There is no movement of the sort occurring in 7967:The long vowel /a/ becomes /a/ when unstressed. 4476:"correspond with (someone)" etc. The second or 3543:bla žmil/merḥba/ddenya hania/maši muškil/l'afo 3540:bla žmil/merḥba/ddunya hania/maši muškil/l'afo 3537:bla žmil/merḥba/ddenya hania/maši muškil/l'afo 673:, which the Hilalian dialects are named after. 11814:. Albany: State Univ. of New York Press, 1987. 11085: 10852:, the regional newspaper Al Amal, directed by 9780:This verb class is identical to verbs such as 8751: 4541:Hollow roots are triliteral roots that have a 4429:means "he writes"), indicating the past stem ( 4256:"nobody" can be added to the sentence without 691:): spoken in the western plains of Morocco by 13939: 13543: 11912: 11854:Grammatica di arabo marocchino: Lingua dārija 11743:. Universidad de Cadiz, 2003, pp. 301–8. 11507: 6929:Reduction and assimilation occur as follows: 3534:بلا جميل/مرحبا/دّنيا هانية/ماشي مشكل / العفو 2348:Dictionnaire Colin d'arabe dialectal marocain 2342:Mu`jam al-fuṣḥā fil-`āmmiyyah al-maghribiyyah 2219:Moroccan Arabic is characterized by a strong 13953: 11798:A short reference grammar of Moroccan Arabic 11567:"The Arabic Language: A Latin of Modernity?" 11481: 11266: 11158: 11156: 11154: 11038: 10709:and continues to possess the territories of 5027:"waste, lose" related to Form I hollow verb 4593:M = middle consonant of three-consonant root 3135:واش كَتهدر بالانّڭليزية؟/كتهدر الانّڭليزية؟ 2958:A Short Reference Grammar of Moroccan Arabic 2269:The vocabulary of Moroccan Arabic is mostly 549:Pre-Hilalian dialects are a result of early 417: 92: 11415: 10685:. In parts of northern Morocco, such as in 9469:In addition, the past tense has two stems: 8697:Instead, in the past, there are two stems: 4596:S = second consonant of four-consonant root 4314:In the north, "'you are writing" is always 3069:Northern (Jebli, Tetouani) Moroccan Arabic 2736:is common across most varieties of Arabic). 2264: 1047:to appear at the beginning of a word, e.g. 801:. Unsourced material may be challenged and 397: 13946: 13932: 13550: 13536: 11919: 11905: 11655:"رواية جديدة للمغربي إدريس أمغار المسناوي" 11024:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 10982: 10980: 4599:T = third consonant of four-consonant root 4299:could be a response to a command to write 3961:In the north, "you are writing" is always 3098:la bas? / bi-xayr?/ kif ntina? / amandra? 2636:: veil (jebli and northern urban dialects) 2586:Examples of words inherited from Tamazight 301: 11564: 11441: 11439: 11308: 11151: 11125:Questionnaire de dialectologie du Maghreb 9055:Other forms—i.e. II, III and Iq—have /i/. 8332: 4377:that embody grammatical concepts such as 3549: 2404:Learn how and when to remove this message 1818:"mother" (with attached possessive, e.g. 821:Learn how and when to remove this message 13557: 11852:Annamaria Ventura & Olivier Durand. 11757:Bichr Andjar & Abdennabi Benchehda. 11547: 11119: 11117: 11065: 10810: 10707:previously controlled part of the region 10575: 4372:Verbs in Moroccan Arabic are based on a 4067:For the subjunctive and infinitive, the 4040:is removed and replaced with the prefix 3269:as-salamu ʿalaykum (Classical) / ʔahlan 2951: 2067: 540: 536: 501: 361: 343: 11786:, vol. 3, Brill, 2007, pp. 274–287 11754:, vol. 3, Brill, 2007, pp. 287–97. 11625: 11261:Les parlers arabes de la région du Mzāb 11227:"Glottolog 4.6 - Judeo-Moroccan Arabic" 11144: 11142: 11140: 10977: 10838:Magazine had a Moroccan Arabic edition 7975:Regular verb, form Ia, ttefʕel/yttefʕel 4004:in the south, some other prefixes like 2137:Abu al-Hasan Ali ibn Othman al-Marini's 2000:occurs elsewhere in the same stem, and 394:al-ʻArabiyyah al-Maghribiyyah ad-Dārija 328:question marks, boxes, or other symbols 14: 14600: 11736:. Washington: Univ. of Michigan, 1982. 11487: 11436: 11387: 11134:, in: EDNA vol.5 (2000-2001), pp.73-92 10956: 9465:The imperative prefix /i-/ is missing. 4580: 4307:could be an answer to a question like 4230:There is no phonological stress in MA. 4122:vowel is not pronounced so it becomes 999:(for speakers who have merged /a/ and 13927: 13531: 11900: 11304: 11302: 11300: 11298: 11114: 10927: 10925: 10923: 10538: 10188:Sample Paradigms of Doubly Weak Verbs 10129:Form II, V doubled verbs are strong: 10062: 9747: 9421: 8990: 8642: 8280: 7926: 7592: 7296:Regular verb, form II, feʕʕel/yfeʕʕel 7253: 6870: 6466: 6064: 5906: 5829: 5568: 5316: 4513:, but the corresponding form II stem 4036:To form the future tense, the prefix 2861: 2710: 2576:: where (orig. ʿfī ʾaynaʾ فِي أَيْنَ) 2246:remained widely spoken. During their 1783:appears, distinguished from emphatic 1239: 1234:Consonant phonemes of Moroccan Arabic 1150:.) In some dialects, such as that of 890: 649:, nearly extinct, formerly spoken by 440:spoken in Morocco. It is part of the 104: 11833:Esbozo gramatical del árabe marroquí 11607:"الملعبة، أقدم نص بالدارجة المغربية" 11377:"الملعبة، أقدم نص بالدارجة المغربية" 11202: 11195: 11193: 11164:Dialects of Arabic: Maghreb Dialects 11137: 11039:Abdel-Massih, Ernest Tawfik (1973). 10803: 10797: 10791: 10216:The irregular verbs are as follows: 10161:Form VIII doubled verbs behave like 10151:Form VIIt doubled verbs behave like 8737:Feminine singular third-person past 8701:in the first and second persons and 7676:Regular verb, form III, faʕel/yfaʕel 6516:of any prefix /t-/, /te-/, or /d-/. 3942:described above. Between the prefix 2784:: a French baguette, more common is 2353: 1926:, etc. and all of northern Morocco ( 799:adding citations to reliable sources 766: 657: 424: 29: 11926: 11565:Kamusella, Tomasz (December 2017). 11099: 10993:العربية الدارجة : إملائية ونحو 9109:Form IX: (behaves as a strong verb) 2961:(Examples with their pronunciation) 2833:Some loans might have come through 2580:ʢṭīni: give me (orig. aʢṭinī أعطني) 517:A Moroccan person from the city of 418: 382: 93: 27:Vernacular Arabic spoken in Morocco 24: 13504:Languages between parentheses are 11554:. Peace Corps Morocco. p. 52. 11524:"Learn Moroccan Arabic with uTalk" 11467:. Walter de Gruyter. p. 195. 11345: 11295: 11042:An Introduction to Moroccan Arabic 10920: 10571: 4437:, obtained by removing the prefix 4341:, some speakers prefer the use of 3988:, some speakers prefer the use of 2829:Examples of loanwords from Spanish 2533:: my daughter (orig. ibnati ابنتي) 2170:used for ق-ح-ع-ء, respectively.). 635:Sedentary ("village") dialects of 494:as different varieties of Arabic. 25: 14629: 11872:Moroccan Darija online dictionary 11860: 11190: 10668: 10118:Some verbs have /o/ in the stem: 9788:Sample Paradigms of Doubled Verbs 5031:"be lost", both from root Dˤ-Y-ʕ. 4529:Weak roots are those that have a 4509:. For example, X-W-F is a hollow 4291:"I swear to God I will not write" 3385:ḷḷa yxallik / ḷḷa yʿizek / ʿafak 2701:Examples of loanwords from French 1886: 1732: 1725: 1718: 1711: 1676: 1669: 1634: 1627: 1604: 1597: 1587: 1580: 1573: 1562: 1545: 1538: 1531: 1521: 1514: 1507: 1499: 1491: 1461: 1451: 1444: 1437: 1430: 1414: 1404: 1397: 1387: 1380: 1369: 1329: 1322: 1315: 991:, in the vicinity of pharyngeal 941: 912: 905: 898: 891: 136:by other ethnic groups in Morocco 13512: 13511: 11828:. Tunis, 2006, pp. 243–261. 11821:, no. 7, 2003, pp. 143–151. 11748:Morocco (dialectological survey) 11741:AIDA, 5th Conference Proceedings 10960:Arabic Varieties in North Africa 10942: 9800:Doubled verb, form I, feʕʕ/yfeʕʕ 9143:Sample Paradigms of Hollow Verbs 9027:. The primary differences are: 6974:Regular verb, form I, fʕel/yfʕol 6922:/ne-/ is always reduced to /n-/. 6194:Regular verb, form I, fʕel/yfʕel 6189:Sample Paradigms of Strong Verbs 4489:"throw" from Ṛ-M-Y). Meanwhile, 3870: 3075:Eastern (Oujda) Moroccan Arabic 3060:Eastern (Oujda) Moroccan Arabic 2936:Examples of regional differences 2907:(in the north only): cama (bed) 2709:: fourchette (fork), pronounced 2358: 2153:Most books and magazines are in 771: 34: 11842:, no. 19, 1983, pp. 71–83. 11805:A Dictionary of Moroccan Arabic 11766:Introduction à l'arabe marocain 11734:Introduction to Moroccan Arabic 11726: 11705: 11687: 11669: 11647: 11635:(in Moroccan Arabic and Arabic) 11633:"Publications by Ahmed Lemsyeh" 11599: 11558: 11548:Boujenab, Abderrahmane (2011). 11541: 11516: 11501: 11416:Moha Ennaji (20 January 2005). 11409: 11369: 11286: 11253: 11244: 11219: 11176: 10824:There have been at least three 9151:"appoint" from ʕ-Y-N, form III 4326:, as northerners prefer to use 4217:"will he not write them to me?" 4211:"does he not write them to me?" 4031: 3772: 3101:la bas? / rak ġaya / rak šbab? 2851:Spanish protectorate in Morocco 358:Nawal speaking Moroccan Arabic. 13908:, extinct as native in Morocco 13508:of the language on their left. 11059: 11032: 10950: 10859:The Moroccan online newspaper 8325:Sample Paradigms of Weak Verbs 6606:Example: dker/ydker "mention" 4433:) and the non-past stem (also 4353:is more used in the north and 4205:"did he not write them to me?" 4199:"he will not write them to me" 4193:"he does not write them to me" 4000:is more used in the north and 3376:الله يعزك / الله يخليك / عفاك 3331:كل شي مزيان؟ /كل شي هو هداك؟؟ 3121:teqder dʿaweni? waxa dʿaweni? 3092:راك شباب؟ /لا باس؟/ راك غايَ؟ 2554:colors=red/green/blue/yellow: 2161:books are written and read in 2072:A 1922 issue of the newspaper 750:: spoken in southern Morocco, 13: 1: 11609:. 27 May 2018. Archived from 11397:(in French). 26 November 2013 10914: 10819: 10728: 9159:Hollow verb, form I, fal/yfil 9138:Form Iqa(IIq): (need example) 9049:Form X has either /a/ or /i/. 5999:"cause to act bourgeois???", 5483:ttFaLit/ttFeLt/ttFaLt, ttFaL 4215:/waʃma-ɣadi-j-kteb-hom-li-ʃi/ 4187:"he did not write them to me" 3973:as northerners prefer to use 3888:You are (masculine) writing: 3787: 3112:تقدر تعاونني؟/ واخا تعاونني؟ 2841:when they were expelled from 2748:: rondpoint (traffic circle) 2551:: woman (orig. imra'ah امرأة) 2253:More recently, the influx of 2214: 2209: 1906:in many dialects (such as in 1227: 12003:Ancient South Arabian script 11970:Influence on other languages 11892:Moroccan Arabic Swadesh List 11849:. Casablanca: Wallada, 1992. 11111:, no.183 (1924), pp.267-282. 10848:('News of Our Country'). In 10594: 10212:Paradigms of Irregular Verbs 5704:"give gifts to one another" 4367: 4088:Write! (masculine singular) 4064:"You (plural) will write"). 3894:You are (feminine) writing: 3662:وخا تعاود عفاك؟ 3526:f-rak temchi? / f-rak rayaḥ 3436:škatʿăddel? / šenni xaddam? 2925:: El armario (the cupboard) 2860:: rueda (wheel), pronounced 2539:: my son (orig. waladi ولدي) 2132:Mala'bat al-Kafif az-Zarhuni 971:when adjacent to pharyngeal 932: 762: 723:, Cheraga, Awlad Jama', etc. 486:classifies Moroccan Arabic, 451:and to a lesser extent with 7: 13260: 12345: 12336: 12327: 12318: 12309: 12300: 12291: 12282: 12273: 12264: 12255: 12245: 12237: 12227: 12219: 12210: 12201: 12192: 12183: 12173: 12165: 12155: 12147: 12138: 12128: 12120: 12111: 12102: 12043: 11768:. Paris: Maisonneuve, 1950. 10867: 8752:Weak verb, form I, fʕa/yfʕi 8726:Feminine singular non-past 6914:This paradigm differs from 5685:tFaMeMt/tFaMMit, tFaM(e)M, 4590:F = first consonant of root 4562:"be red, blush" from Ḥ-M-R. 4472:"cause to write", form III 4267:"I will not write anything" 4209:/waʃma-ka-j-kteb-hom-li-ʃi/ 4103: 4094:Write! (feminine singular) 3658:Can you repeat that please? 3465:ašnu smiytek? / šu smiytek 3343:kul-ši mliḥ? / kul-ši zin? 3181:allah y'awn / allah ysahel 2384:the claims made and adding 2180:Notes of a Moroccan Infidel 2051:The gemination of the flap 2008:as a result of a following 959:were merged into a phoneme 843:phonemes of Moroccan Arabic 837: 715:, and in the area north of 497: 393: 47:to comply with Knowledge's 10: 14634: 11831:Francisco Moscoso García. 11759:Moroccan Arabic Phrasebook 11446:Valentina Ferrara (2017). 10133:"limit, fix (appointment)" 10095:This verb works much like 9477:elsewhere (third person). 9454:This verb works much like 6530:"write": non-finite forms 4602:L = last consonant of root 4311:"Are you going to write?" 4244:Negative pronouns such as 4197:/ma-ɣadi-j-kteb-hom-li-ʃi/ 4107: 3918:You (plural) are writing: 3762: 2742:: appartement (apartment) 2726:: télévision (television) 2497:: metal (orig. ħadid حديد) 2479:: idea (orig. fikrah فكرة) 2467:: cow (orig. baqarah بقرة) 2146:, is considered the first 2063: 2004:is similarly converted to 407:Moroccan vernacular Arabic 14513: 14472: 14439: 14416: 14389: 14356: 14275: 14232: 14223: 14108: 14004: 13978: 13969: 13962: 13878: 13857:Main liturgical languages 13855: 13827: 13803: 13775: 13766: 13729: 13686: 13677: 13657: 13629: 13606: 13597: 13588: 13565: 13491: 13484:Islam and Arabic language 13477: 13412: 13299: 13229: 13208: 13133: 13051: 13033: 12994: 12887: 12847: 12814: 12805: 12778: 12738: 12729: 12703: 12590: 12450: 12441: 12432: 12411: 12365: 12356: 12093: 11978: 11935: 11701:(in French). 9 June 2006. 11309:Gottreich, Emily (2020). 10996:(1st ed.). Zākūrah. 10801:(the Wind's Crutch), and 10533: 10523: 10513: 10503: 10490: 10456: 10446: 10436: 10426: 10413: 10405: 10397: 10393: 10344: 10309: 10304: 10301: 10298: 10295: 10292: 10289: 10249:(pl.); active participle 10200:"strengthen" from Q-W-Y, 10175:Form X verbs behave like 10057: 10047: 10037: 10027: 10014: 9980: 9970: 9960: 9950: 9937: 9929: 9921: 9917: 9868: 9833: 9828: 9825: 9822: 9819: 9816: 9813: 9742: 9732: 9722: 9712: 9699: 9665: 9655: 9645: 9635: 9622: 9614: 9606: 9602: 9553: 9518: 9513: 9510: 9507: 9504: 9501: 9498: 9481:Hollow verb, form I, fal/ 9416: 9406: 9396: 9386: 9373: 9339: 9329: 9319: 9309: 9296: 9288: 9280: 9276: 9227: 9192: 9187: 9184: 9181: 9178: 9175: 9172: 9106:Form VIII: (no examples?) 8985: 8975: 8965: 8955: 8942: 8928: 8921: 8916: 8909: 8904: 8897: 8892: 8885: 8880: 8875: 8867: 8863: 8820: 8785: 8780: 8777: 8774: 8771: 8768: 8765: 8634: 8621: 8608: 8595: 8580: 8531: 8518: 8505: 8492: 8479: 8471: 8463: 8459: 8401: 8366: 8361: 8358: 8355: 8352: 8349: 8346: 8275: 8265: 8255: 8245: 8232: 8187: 8173: 8155: 8138: 8125: 8120: 8112: 8108: 8043: 8008: 8003: 8000: 7997: 7994: 7991: 7988: 7963:(shown in boldface) are: 7921: 7911: 7901: 7891: 7878: 7844: 7834: 7824: 7814: 7804: 7799: 7791: 7787: 7744: 7709: 7704: 7701: 7698: 7695: 7692: 7689: 7583: 7565: 7551: 7539: 7526: 7480: 7466: 7448: 7434: 7424: 7419: 7411: 7407: 7364: 7329: 7324: 7321: 7318: 7315: 7312: 7309: 7248: 7235: 7222: 7209: 7196: 7162: 7150: 7137: 7124: 7111: 7106: 7098: 7094: 7042: 7007: 7002: 6999: 6996: 6993: 6990: 6987: 6865: 6855: 6845: 6835: 6822: 6788: 6778: 6764: 6750: 6737: 6732: 6724: 6720: 6666: 6631: 6626: 6623: 6620: 6617: 6614: 6611: 6562: 6461: 6451: 6437: 6424: 6411: 6368: 6358: 6348: 6335: 6325: 6320: 6312: 6308: 6262: 6227: 6222: 6219: 6216: 6213: 6210: 6207: 6027: 6003:"cause to deal in drugs" 5865: 5861: 5846: 5817: 5796: 5791: 5776:FMaLit/FMeLt/FMaLt, FMaL 5743:FtaLit/FteLt/FtaLt, FtaL 5681: 5535: 5522: 5520: 5494: 5448: 5445: 5422: 5283: 5279: 5277:"be" (the only examples) 5250: 5248: 5244: 5220: 5134: 5118: 5096: 5093: 5050: 5047: 5044: 5041: 5038: 4885: 4857: 4839: 4794: 4766: 4752: 4744: 4679: 4662: 4657: 4654: 4651: 4558:doubled: Egyptian Arabic 4079:"I want 'you to write"). 3671:Please speak more slowly. 3632:I'd like a coffee please. 3533: 3509: 3478: 3461: 3433:faš xddam? / chno katdir 3429: 3421: 3418: 3388:ḷḷa yxallik / ḷḷa yʿizek 3364: 3361: 3353: 3350: 3282: 3279: 3248: 3245: 3191: 3188: 3180: 3177: 3089:كيف نتينا؟/لا باس؟ بخير؟ 2491:: gold (orig. dhahab ذهب) 2461:: wall (orig. ħā'iṭ حائط) 2437:: monkey (orig. qird قرد) 2304:. Others are shared with 2300:"go down" from Classical 1699: 1657: 1615: 1478: 1355: 1309: 1276: 1271: 1266: 1261: 1256: 1247: 1242: 940: 853: 850: 848: 833: 314: 300: 284: 268: 263: 247: 218: 158: 140: 122: 112: 100: 91: 86: 81: 13425:Arabic script in Unicode 13160:Jordanian Bengali Pidgin 12520:(North-Eastern Tunisian) 11877:Online Darija Translator 11732:Ernest T. Abdel Massih. 10992: 10675:formerly ruled by France 10125:As for the other forms: 5426:FaMeMt/FaMMit, FaM(e)M, 4191:/ma-ka-j-kteb-hom-li-ʃi/ 3767: 3723:How much does this cost? 3192:ṣbaḥ l-xir / ṣbaḥ n-nur 3063:Western Moroccan Arabic 3054:Western Moroccan Arabic 3028:= emphatic consonants = 2772:: téléphone (telephone) 2766:: portable (cell phone) 2600:: typical Moroccan dress 2527:: wire (orig. khayṭ خيط) 2320:"there", from Classical 2277:. It also contains some 2265:Vocabulary and loanwords 521:speaking Moroccan Arabic 383:العربية المغربية الدارجة 154:Total: 40 million (2020) 147:: 29 million (2020) 94:العربية المغربية الدارجة 60:may contain suggestions. 45:may need to be rewritten 18:Moroccan Arabic language 12687:Western Egyptian Bedawi 11586:10.1515/jnmlp-2017-0006 11448:"À propos de la darija" 9135:Form Iq: (need example) 6918:in the following ways: 4521:"frighten" is a strong 4505:and strong, weak, etc. 4362:ka ma-ġadi-ši-te-kteb?! 4330:and southerners prefer 4277:ḥta waḥed ma-ġa-ye-kteb 4273:"Do not write anything" 3977:and southerners prefer 3796:(write) is as follows: 3462:شنو اسمك؟ / شنو سميتك؟ 3379:الله يعزك / الله يخليك 3147:waš tehder lengliziya? 2545:: man (orig. rajul رجل) 2521:: room (orig. bayt بيت) 2515:: face (orig. wažh وجه) 2509:: head (orig. ra's رأس) 2503:: foot (orig. rijl رجل) 2473:: eat (orig. akala أكل) 2312:"talk", from Classical 1193:usually not affected), 727:Eastern Moroccan Arabic 689:Western Moroccan Arabic 14020:North-Eastern Tunisian 13884:Modern Standard Arabic 13829:Main foreign languages 11856:. Milan: Hoepli, 2022. 11775:. Publ. Peeters, 1993. 11761:, Lonely Planet, 1999. 11488:Elimam, Abdou (2009). 10695:Modern Standard Arabic 10609:Modern Standard Arabic 10591: 10208:"follow" from W-L-Y). 9155:"answer" from ʒ-W-B). 9128:"become embarrassed", 8333:Weak, form I, fʕa/yfʕa 6044:tˤtˤerˤʒem/ytˤtˤerˤʒem 4337:Instead of the prefix 4203:/waʃma-kteb-hom-li-ʃi/ 3984:Instead of the prefix 3906:She is/it is writing: 3710:Where are the toilets? 3574:Latin Transliteration 3550:Further useful phrases 3189:صباح الخير/صباح النور 3138:واش تهدر الانّڭليزية؟ 3129:Do you speak English? 2812: : table (table) 2485:: love (orig. ħubb حب) 2455:: door (orig. bab باب) 2449:: sun (orig. šams شمس) 2443:: sea (orig. baħr بحر) 2425:: dog (orig. kalb كلب) 2155:Modern Standard Arabic 2083: 1898:splits lexically into 546: 522: 457:Modern Standard Arabic 371: 359: 316:This article contains 308:Map of Moroccan Arabic 13291:Quranic Arabic Corpus 11998:Ancient North Arabian 11887:Moroccan Arabic Guide 11321:10.5040/9781838603601 11263:, Brill, 1976, pp.4-5 11108:Annales de Géographie 10957:Ennaji, Moha (1998). 10811:Scientific production 10787:Driss Amghar Mesnaoui 10631:to sound less formal 10585: 10279:; passive participle 10231:, passive participle 5768:"be interested (in)" 5675:"finish (intrans.)", 4646:are not highlighted. 4498:"bring" from Ž-Y-B). 4425:means "he wrote" and 4173:"step". (Originally, 3875:The present tense of 3507:Where are you going? 3337:kul-ši mezyan ? 3294:كيف نتين؟/كيف نتينا؟ 3178:الله يعاون/الله يسهل 2952:Some useful sentences 2901:: carrosa (carriage) 2806:: serviette (napkin) 2431:: cat (orig. qiṭṭ قط) 2257:and Spanish-speaking– 2122:Al-Kafif az-Zarhuni's 2100:Judeo-Moroccan Arabic 2071: 544: 537:Pre-Hilalian dialects 516: 492:Judeo-Moroccan Arabic 365: 357: 14310:Eastern Middle Atlas 13749:Eastern Middle Atlas 13559:Languages of Morocco 13242:Sun and moon letters 12402:Pre-classical Arabic 11497:. Synergies Tunisie. 10640:Arabic Chat Alphabet 10296:Present Subjunctive 10169:"be interested (in)" 9820:Present Subjunctive 9505:Present Subjunctive 9179:Present Subjunctive 8772:Present Subjunctive 8353:Present Subjunctive 7995:Present Subjunctive 7696:Present Subjunctive 7316:Present Subjunctive 6994:Present Subjunctive 6618:Present Subjunctive 6214:Present Subjunctive 5698:tsˤaf(e)f/ytsˤaf(e)f 5554:"change (intrans.)" 4979:stems, respectively. 4554:"be fat" from S-M-N. 4305:wellah ma-ġa-ne-kteb 4289:wellah ma-ġa-ne-kteb 3900:He's/it is writing: 3839:You (plural) wrote: 3665:wakha t-awoud afak? 3639:wahed lqahoua afak. 3476:Where are you from? 3451:/ faš txedmi ? 3430:فاش خدام/شنو كتدير؟ 3416:Thank you very much 3382:ḷḷa yxallik / ʿafak 3325:Is everything okay? 3314:/ kif ntina ? 3124:yemken-lek tʿaweni? 3118:yemken-lek tʿaweni? 2847:Christian Reconquest 2778:: briquet (lighter) 1945:normally appears as 1181:"sparks" (rightmost 1071:"friends" (standard 1051:"shorter" (standard 1007:usually merges with 795:improve this section 230:East Moroccan Arabic 225:West Moroccan Arabic 152:: 9.6 million (2020) 14159:Central and Saharan 13904:Formerly native to 13096:Judeo-Tripolitanian 12575:Judeo-Tripolitanian 11845:Abderrahim Youssi. 11803:Richard S. Harrel. 11796:Richard S. Harrel. 11778:Dominique Caubet. ‘ 11683:. 26 November 2013. 11508:Morocco-guide.com. 11365:on 5 December 2019. 11292:Caubet (2007), p. 3 10874:Varieties of Arabic 10856:, started in 2005. 10807:(The Town's Luck). 10739:Al-Kafif az-Zarhuni 10735:Moroccan literature 10299:Present Indicative 10196:"live" from Ħ-Y-Y, 9823:Present Indicative 9796:"love" from Ħ-B-B. 9508:Present Indicative 9182:Present Indicative 8775:Present Indicative 8356:Present Indicative 7998:Present Indicative 7699:Present Indicative 7319:Present Indicative 6997:Present Indicative 6621:Present Indicative 6542:Passive Participle 6217:Present Indicative 5640:"be made to vomit" 5608:"twist (intrans.)" 5441:"line up (trans.)" 5416:"finish (trans.)", 4581:Table of verb forms 4279:"Nobody will write" 4271:ma-te-kteb ḥta ḥaja 4185:/ma-kteb-hom-li-ʃi/ 4149:"he does not write" 4075:"I want to write", 3944:ka-n-, ka-t-, ka-y- 3684:I don't understand. 3678:hder bshwiya afak. 3291:كي داير؟/كي دايرة؟ 3277:How are you doing? 3260:السلام عليكم/اهلاً 3257:السلام عليكم/اهلاً 2931:: carretera (road) 2871:: cocina (kitchen) 2720:: automobile (car) 2678:: hardship, worries 2556:ħmər/xdər/zrəq/ṣfər 2204:Youssef Amine Alami 2185:Farouk El Merrakchi 2055:results in a trill 1236: 1108:emphatic consonants 1106:in the vicinity of 1059:"go up!" (standard 989:emphatic consonants 845: 13590:Native vernaculars 13567:Official languages 13469:MacArabic encoding 11867:Friends of Morocco 11771:Dominique Caubet. 11279:2015-04-13 at the 11173:, teachmideast.org 11169:2015-07-15 at the 11130:2013-11-12 at the 10592: 10586:An interview with 10148:"line up (trans.)" 6539:Active Participle 6179:tpidˤala/ytpidˤala 6164:tF...Tit, tF...Ta 6137:"roll (intrans.)" 6083:tsˤifetˤ/ytsˤifetˤ 6050:"move (intrans.)" 5882:tˤerˤʒem/ytˤerˤʒem 5813:steɣrˤeb/ysteɣrˤeb 5702:twad(e)d/ytwad(e)d 5439:sˤaf(e)f/ysˤaf(e)f 4265:ma-ġa-ne-kteb walu 4138:"he did not write" 4110:Negation in Arabic 3924:They are writing: 3792:The past tense of 3636:.واحد القهوة عفاك 3459:What's your name? 3304:/ ki dayra ? 3232:be-slama / tḥălla 3071:(Transliterated) 2883:: manta (blanket) 2760:: caméra (camera) 2712:[foɾʃitˤɑ] 2369:possibly contains 2336:Richard S. Harrell 2124:epic 14th century 2084: 1981:) like in western 1232: 979:). This phoneme ( 838: 570:: Old dialects of 547: 523: 372: 360: 14595: 14594: 14577:Vandalic language 14509: 14508: 14412: 14411: 14219: 14218: 13954:Languages of the 13921: 13920: 13823: 13822: 13819: 13818: 13762: 13761: 13673: 13672: 13525: 13524: 13500:extinct languages 13439:MS-DOS codepages 13204: 13203: 13200: 13199: 12883: 12882: 12801: 12800: 12699: 12698: 12395:Old Hijazi Arabic 11882:Mazyan Bizaf Show 11474:978-3-11-021844-2 11330:978-1-78076-849-6 11003:978-9920-38-197-0 10970:978-1-919799-12-4 10940:(27th ed., 2024) 10879:Dialect continuum 10745:, written in the 10723:Andalusian Arabic 10623:or otherwise non- 10583: 10569: 10568: 10545: 10496: 10466: 10403: 10093: 10092: 10069: 10020: 9990: 9927: 9778: 9777: 9754: 9705: 9675: 9612: 9452: 9451: 9428: 9379: 9349: 9286: 9021: 9020: 8997: 8948: 8938: 8873: 8682:(shown in ) are: 8676: 8675: 8649: 8586: 8544: 8469: 8322: 8321: 8287: 8238: 8197: 8118: 7957: 7956: 7933: 7884: 7854: 7797: 7633: 7632: 7599: 7532: 7492: 7417: 7293: 7292: 7260: 7202: 7172: 7104: 6912: 6911: 6877: 6828: 6798: 6730: 6599: 6598: 6500: 6499: 6473: 6417: 6381: 6318: 6185: 6184: 6157:"act bourgeois", 6065:(same as strong) 6046:"be translated", 5907:(same as strong) 5888:"move (trans.)", 5833:stFeMMit, stFeMM 5830:(same as strong) 5792:(same as strong) 5785:"be red, blush", 5682:(same as strong) 5569:(same as strong) 5495:ttFeMMit, ttFeMM 5423:(same as strong) 5317:(same as strong) 5025:dˤáyyaʕ/yidˤáyyaʕ 5016: 5009: 5002: 4995: 4988: 4978: 4971: 4964: 4940: 4939: 4935: 4917: 4908: 4896: 4882: 4864: 4854: 4845: 4830: 4817: 4805: 4791: 4773: 4759: 4750: 4735: 4721: 4703: 4689: 4645: 4638: 4631: 4624: 4617: 4468:"write", form II 4297:wellah ma-ne-kteb 4283:wellah ma-ne-kteb 4169:comes from Latin 4161:comes from Latin 4147:/ma-ka-j-kteb-ʃi/ 3867:described above. 3760: 3759: 3675:.هضر بشويا عافاك 3547: 3546: 3523: 3519: 3502: 3498: 3489: 3485: 3454: 3450: 3443: 3440:/ šenni xaddama? 3439: 3348:Nice to meet you 3317: 3313: 3307: 3303: 3212:lay ymsik be-xer 3115:يمكن لك تعاونني؟ 3109:يمكن لك تعاونني؟ 3106:Can you help me? 3077:(Transliterated) 3065:(Transliterated) 2818:: ordinateur / pc 2707:forshita/forsheta 2414: 2413: 2406: 2371:original research 2273:and derived from 2116:Judah ibn Quraish 1848:in some speakers. 1751:Phonetic notes: 1749: 1748: 1558: 1488: 1427: 1365: 1305: 1298: 1293: 1286: 1209:affected but not 949: 948: 831: 830: 823: 663:Hilalian dialects 658:Hilalian dialects 514: 484:SIL International 445:dialect continuum 436:form or forms of 412:), also known as 391: 355: 342: 341: 324:rendering support 320:phonetic symbols. 132:, also used as a 106:[ddæɾiʒæ] 75: 74: 49:quality standards 16:(Redirected from 14625: 14613:Arabic languages 14571: 14564: 14557: 14543: 14529: 14500: 14347: 14345:Western Algerian 14340: 14333: 14326: 14319: 14317:Northern Saharan 14312: 14298: 14291: 14230: 14229: 14210: 14203: 14196: 14194:Eastern Moroccan 14189: 14187:Western Moroccan 14175: 14173:Western Algerian 14168: 14166:Eastern Algerian 14161: 14154: 14140: 14126: 14099: 14092: 14085: 14071: 14064: 14050: 14043: 14036: 14022: 13976: 13975: 13967: 13966: 13948: 13941: 13934: 13925: 13924: 13891:Classical Arabic 13773: 13772: 13711:Sanhaja de Srair 13684: 13683: 13604: 13603: 13595: 13594: 13552: 13545: 13538: 13529: 13528: 13515: 13514: 13263: 12812: 12811: 12736: 12735: 12672:Western Algerian 12619:Eastern Algerian 12615:Algerian Saharan 12545:(Lesser Kabylia) 12448: 12447: 12439: 12438: 12381:Nabataean Arabic 12363: 12362: 12348: 12339: 12330: 12321: 12312: 12303: 12294: 12285: 12276: 12267: 12258: 12250: 12240: 12232: 12222: 12213: 12204: 12195: 12186: 12178: 12168: 12160: 12150: 12141: 12133: 12123: 12114: 12105: 12085:Maltese alphabet 12048: 12028:Algerian Braille 12018:Eastern numerals 11988:Nabataean script 11921: 11914: 11907: 11898: 11897: 11789:Olivier Durand. 11773:L'arabe marocain 11721: 11720: 11709: 11703: 11702: 11691: 11685: 11684: 11673: 11667: 11666: 11664: 11662: 11651: 11645: 11644: 11642: 11640: 11629: 11623: 11622: 11620: 11618: 11603: 11597: 11596: 11594: 11592: 11571: 11562: 11556: 11555: 11545: 11539: 11538: 11536: 11534: 11520: 11514: 11513: 11505: 11499: 11498: 11496: 11485: 11479: 11478: 11458: 11452: 11451: 11443: 11434: 11433: 11413: 11407: 11406: 11404: 11402: 11391: 11385: 11384: 11383:on 27 June 2018. 11379:. Archived from 11373: 11367: 11366: 11364: 11357: 11349: 11343: 11342: 11306: 11293: 11290: 11284: 11270: 11264: 11259:J. Grand'Henry, 11257: 11251: 11248: 11242: 11241: 11239: 11237: 11223: 11217: 11206: 11200: 11197: 11188: 11180: 11174: 11160: 11149: 11146: 11135: 11121: 11112: 11103: 11097: 11096: 11089: 11083: 11082: 11080: 11078: 11063: 11057: 11056: 11036: 11030: 11029: 11023: 11015: 10984: 10975: 10974: 10954: 10948: 10947: 10946: 10929: 10854:Latifa Akherbach 10806: 10805: 10800: 10799: 10794: 10793: 10719:Arab nationalist 10584: 10543: 10494: 10464: 10401: 10287: 10286: 10067: 10018: 9988: 9925: 9811: 9810: 9752: 9703: 9673: 9610: 9496: 9495: 9426: 9377: 9347: 9284: 9170: 9169: 9103:"end (intrans.)" 8995: 8946: 8936: 8871: 8763: 8762: 8647: 8584: 8542: 8467: 8344: 8343: 8285: 8236: 8195: 8116: 7986: 7985: 7981:ttexleʕ/yttexleʕ 7931: 7882: 7852: 7795: 7687: 7686: 7682:sˤaferˤ/ysˤaferˤ 7597: 7530: 7490: 7415: 7307: 7306: 7258: 7200: 7170: 7102: 6985: 6984: 6875: 6826: 6796: 6728: 6609: 6608: 6533: 6532: 6471: 6415: 6379: 6316: 6205: 6204: 6171:tblˤana/ytblˤana 6161:"deal in drugs" 6060:tseqsˤa/ytseqsˤa 6053:tFeSTit, tFeSTa 6048:tmelmel/ytmelmel 6021:pidˤala/ypidˤali 6015:"scheme, plan", 6006:F...Tit, F...Ta 5979:"roll (trans.)" 5925:sˤifetˤ/ysˤifetˤ 5892:"speak nasally" 5818:steFMit, steFMa 5631:tFiyyit, tFiyya 5626:tbiyyen/ytbiyyen 5592:tFuwwit, tFuwwa 5589:"be frightened" 5587:txuwwef/ytxuwwef 5557:tFeMMit, tFeMMa 5552:tbeddel/ytbeddel 5474:tterˤma/ytterˤma 5467:tteFMit, tteFMa 5462:ttekteb/yttekteb 5402:sˤaferˤ/ysˤaferˤ 5036: 5035: 5011: 5004: 4997: 4990: 4983: 4973: 4966: 4959: 4930: 4912: 4906: 4891: 4877: 4859: 4849: 4843: 4825: 4815: 4800: 4786: 4768: 4754: 4748: 4730: 4716: 4698: 4684: 4649: 4648: 4640: 4633: 4626: 4619: 4612: 4396:Each particular 4374:consonantal root 4224: 4216: 4210: 4204: 4198: 4192: 4186: 4148: 4144: 4137: 4133: 4125: 4121: 4117: 4100:Write! (plural) 4056:"I will write", 3912:We are writing: 3645:What time is it? 3600:wakha shoukran. 3571:Moroccan Arabic 3565: 3564: 3562: 3561: 3557: 3531:You are welcome 3521: 3517: 3500: 3496: 3487: 3483: 3452: 3448: 3441: 3437: 3427:What do you do? 3373:الله يخليك/عفاك 3316:(Northern urban) 3315: 3311: 3305: 3301: 3300:ki dayer ? 3223:بالسلامة / تهلا 3203:الله يمسيك بخير 3048: 3047: 3031: 3022: 3013: 2913:: plaza (place) 2877:: semana (week) 2865: 2863:[ɾwedˤɑ] 2800:: train (train) 2754:: autobus (bus) 2714: 2409: 2402: 2398: 2395: 2389: 2386:inline citations 2362: 2361: 2354: 2275:Classical Arabic 2244:Berber languages 2189:Latifa Akherbach 2163:Classical Arabic 2058: 2054: 2047: 2043: 2039: 2035: 2032:"glass" vs. MSA 2031: 2027: 2023: 2019: 2015: 2011: 2007: 2003: 1999: 1995: 1992:is converted to 1991: 1980: 1976: 1972: 1968: 1964: 1960: 1956: 1952: 1948: 1944: 1913: 1905: 1901: 1897: 1890: 1884: 1880: 1876: 1872: 1868: 1864: 1858: 1854: 1847: 1843: 1839: 1831: 1821: 1817: 1813: 1809: 1805: 1801: 1797: 1793: 1786: 1782: 1774: 1770: 1766: 1758: 1736: 1729: 1722: 1715: 1680: 1673: 1638: 1631: 1608: 1601: 1591: 1584: 1577: 1566: 1554: 1549: 1542: 1535: 1525: 1518: 1511: 1503: 1495: 1484: 1465: 1455: 1448: 1441: 1434: 1423: 1418: 1408: 1401: 1391: 1384: 1373: 1361: 1333: 1326: 1319: 1301: 1296: 1289: 1284: 1237: 1231: 1223: 1219: 1212: 1208: 1204: 1200: 1196: 1192: 1188: 1184: 1180: 1177:both affected), 1176: 1172: 1168: 1149: 1145: 1141: 1133: 1125: 1117: 1105: 1101: 1097: 1093: 1089: 1085: 1081: 1074: 1070: 1066: 1062: 1058: 1054: 1050: 1046: 1042: 1038: 1034: 1026: 1022: 1014: 1010: 1006: 1002: 998: 994: 986: 982: 978: 974: 970: 966: 962: 958: 954: 945: 916: 909: 902: 895: 846: 826: 819: 815: 812: 806: 775: 767: 748:Hassaniya Arabic 667:Bedouin dialects 515: 488:Hassaniya Arabic 427: 426: 421: 420: 411: 408: 405: 402: 399: 396: 386: 384: 356: 305: 296: 280: 273: 253: 164: 108: 96: 95: 79: 78: 70: 67: 61: 38: 30: 21: 14633: 14632: 14628: 14627: 14626: 14624: 14623: 14622: 14618:Maghrebi Arabic 14608:Moroccan Arabic 14598: 14597: 14596: 14591: 14587:Ottoman Turkish 14567: 14562:African Romance 14560: 14553: 14539: 14525: 14505: 14496: 14468: 14435: 14408: 14385: 14352: 14343: 14338:Tunisian-Zuwara 14336: 14329: 14322: 14315: 14308: 14294: 14287: 14271: 14215: 14206: 14199: 14192: 14185: 14171: 14164: 14157: 14150: 14136: 14122: 14104: 14095: 14088: 14081: 14067: 14060: 14056:Western Village 14046: 14039: 14032: 14028:Eastern Village 14018: 14000: 13991:Modern Standard 13958: 13952: 13922: 13917: 13898:Medieval Hebrew 13874: 13851: 13815: 13799: 13758: 13754:Eastern Morocco 13725: 13669: 13653: 13625: 13584: 13561: 13556: 13526: 13521: 13487: 13473: 13420:Arabic keyboard 13408: 13303: 13295: 13280:Mater lectionis 13274:Triliteral root 13225: 13196: 13137: 13129: 13047: 13029: 12990: 12879: 12843: 12797: 12774: 12725: 12695: 12586: 12566:Judeo-Maghrebi 12434: 12428: 12424:Modern Standard 12407: 12352: 12089: 12033:Maltese Braille 12013:Arabic numerals 11974: 11931: 11925: 11863: 11840:La Linguistique 11810:Jeffrey Heath. 11780:Moroccan Arabic 11746:Jordi Aguadé. ‘ 11729: 11724: 11711: 11710: 11706: 11693: 11692: 11688: 11675: 11674: 11670: 11660: 11658: 11653: 11652: 11648: 11638: 11636: 11631: 11630: 11626: 11616: 11614: 11613:on 27 June 2018 11605: 11604: 11600: 11590: 11588: 11569: 11563: 11559: 11551:Moroccan Arabic 11546: 11542: 11532: 11530: 11522: 11521: 11517: 11506: 11502: 11494: 11486: 11482: 11475: 11459: 11455: 11444: 11437: 11430: 11414: 11410: 11400: 11398: 11393: 11392: 11388: 11375: 11374: 11370: 11362: 11355: 11351: 11350: 11346: 11331: 11315:. I.B. Tauris. 11307: 11296: 11291: 11287: 11281:Wayback Machine 11271: 11267: 11258: 11254: 11249: 11245: 11235: 11233: 11225: 11224: 11220: 11207: 11203: 11198: 11191: 11181: 11177: 11171:Wayback Machine 11161: 11152: 11147: 11138: 11132:Wayback Machine 11122: 11115: 11104: 11100: 11091: 11090: 11086: 11076: 11074: 11072:en.yabiladi.com 11064: 11060: 11053: 11037: 11033: 11017: 11016: 11004: 10994: 10985: 10978: 10971: 10955: 10951: 10941: 10932:Moroccan Arabic 10930: 10921: 10917: 10894:Tunisian Arabic 10889:Algerian Arabic 10884:Maghrebi Arabic 10870: 10822: 10813: 10762:Nass El Ghiwane 10731: 10671: 10597: 10576: 10574: 10572:Social features 10214: 10190: 9802: 9790: 9487: 9161: 9145: 9099:Form IIIa(VI): 9096:"become strong" 9085:Form Ia(VIIt): 8754: 8335: 8327: 7977: 7678: 7298: 6976: 6604: 6502:Some comments: 6196: 6191: 6186: 6019:"dodge, fake", 6013:blˤana, yblˤani 5815:"be surprised" 5789:"be(come) fat" 5759:FteMMit, FteMM 5729:xtarˤeʕ/xtarˤeʕ 5725:ħtarˤem/ħtarˤem 5700:"get in line", 5628:"be indicated" 5480:"be forgotten" 5015: 5008: 5001: 4994: 4987: 4977: 4970: 4963: 4934: 4916: 4895: 4881: 4863: 4853: 4829: 4804: 4790: 4772: 4758: 4734: 4720: 4702: 4688: 4644: 4637: 4630: 4623: 4616: 4583: 4370: 4309:waš ġa-te-kteb? 4112: 4106: 4034: 3879:is as follows: 3873: 3813:, the feminine 3790: 3775: 3770: 3765: 3717:fin toilettes? 3652:ch-hal fssa-a? 3563: 3559: 3555: 3553: 3552: 3471:wašta smiytek? 3411:tḥălla f-ṛaṣek 3405:tḥălla f-ṛaṣek 3283:la bas (ʿlik)? 3272:s-salam ʿlikum 3243:Happy new year 3215:teṣbaḥ ʿla xir 3209:teṣbaḥ ʿla xir 2954: 2938: 2835:Andalusi Arabic 2831: 2718:tonobil/tomobil 2703: 2588: 2419: 2410: 2399: 2393: 2390: 2375: 2363: 2359: 2306:Algerian Arabic 2267: 2255:Andalusi people 2229:African Romance 2217: 2212: 2092:Arabic language 2078:in Darija with 2066: 1977:"go past" (MSA 1969:"butcher" (MSA 1822:"your mother"). 1230: 1185:not affected), 1163:Egyptian Arabic 1023:is maintained, 836: 827: 816: 810: 807: 792: 776: 765: 660: 539: 502: 500: 453:Tunisian Arabic 449:Algerian Arabic 442:Maghrebi Arabic 409: 406: 403: 400: 375:Moroccan Arabic 344: 322:Without proper 310: 309: 292: 276: 269: 258:Arabic alphabet 254: 249: 214: 200:Moroccan Arabic 185:Central Semitic 165: 162:Language family 160: 153: 148: 134:second language 82:Moroccan Arabic 71: 65: 62: 52: 39: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 14631: 14621: 14620: 14615: 14610: 14593: 14592: 14590: 14589: 14584: 14579: 14574: 14573: 14572: 14565: 14558: 14546: 14545: 14544: 14532: 14531: 14530: 14517: 14515: 14511: 14510: 14507: 14506: 14504: 14503: 14502: 14501: 14489: 14484: 14478: 14476: 14470: 14469: 14467: 14466: 14461: 14456: 14451: 14445: 14443: 14437: 14436: 14434: 14433: 14428: 14422: 14420: 14414: 14413: 14410: 14409: 14407: 14406: 14401: 14395: 14393: 14387: 14386: 14384: 14383: 14378: 14373: 14368: 14362: 14360: 14354: 14353: 14351: 14350: 14349: 14348: 14341: 14334: 14327: 14320: 14313: 14301: 14300: 14299: 14292: 14281: 14279: 14273: 14272: 14270: 14269: 14264: 14259: 14254: 14249: 14244: 14238: 14236: 14227: 14221: 14220: 14217: 14216: 14214: 14213: 14212: 14211: 14204: 14201:Moroccan koiné 14197: 14190: 14178: 14177: 14176: 14169: 14162: 14155: 14152:Algerian koiné 14143: 14142: 14141: 14138:Tunisian koiné 14129: 14128: 14127: 14114: 14112: 14106: 14105: 14103: 14102: 14101: 14100: 14093: 14086: 14074: 14073: 14072: 14065: 14053: 14052: 14051: 14048:Lesser Kabylia 14044: 14037: 14025: 14024: 14023: 14010: 14008: 14002: 14001: 13999: 13998: 13993: 13988: 13982: 13980: 13973: 13964: 13960: 13959: 13951: 13950: 13943: 13936: 13928: 13919: 13918: 13916: 13915: 13910: 13901: 13894: 13887: 13879: 13876: 13875: 13873: 13872: 13867: 13861: 13859: 13853: 13852: 13850: 13849: 13844: 13839: 13833: 13831: 13825: 13824: 13821: 13820: 13817: 13816: 13814: 13813: 13807: 13805: 13801: 13800: 13798: 13797: 13792: 13787: 13781: 13779: 13770: 13764: 13763: 13760: 13759: 13757: 13756: 13751: 13746: 13741: 13735: 13733: 13727: 13726: 13724: 13723: 13718: 13713: 13708: 13703: 13698: 13692: 13690: 13681: 13675: 13674: 13671: 13670: 13668: 13667: 13661: 13659: 13655: 13654: 13652: 13651: 13646: 13641: 13635: 13633: 13627: 13626: 13624: 13623: 13621:Judeo-Moroccan 13618: 13612: 13610: 13601: 13592: 13586: 13585: 13583: 13582: 13577: 13571: 13569: 13563: 13562: 13555: 13554: 13547: 13540: 13532: 13523: 13522: 13520: 13519: 13509: 13502: 13492: 13489: 13488: 13486: 13485: 13481: 13479: 13475: 13474: 13472: 13471: 13466: 13465: 13464: 13459: 13454: 13451: 13448: 13445: 13437: 13432: 13430:ISO/IEC 8859-6 13427: 13422: 13416: 13414: 13410: 13409: 13407: 13406: 13401: 13396: 13391: 13386: 13381: 13376: 13371: 13366: 13364:Naskh (script) 13361: 13356: 13351: 13346: 13341: 13336: 13331: 13326: 13321: 13316: 13310: 13308: 13297: 13296: 13294: 13293: 13288: 13283: 13276: 13271: 13266: 13256: 13255: 13254: 13249: 13244: 13233: 13231: 13227: 13226: 13224: 13223: 13218: 13212: 13210: 13206: 13205: 13202: 13201: 13198: 13197: 13195: 13194: 13189: 13184: 13179: 13174: 13167: 13162: 13157: 13152: 13144: 13142: 13131: 13130: 13128: 13127: 13126: 13125: 13122: 13119: 13116: 13108: 13107: 13106: 13101:Judeo-Tunisian 13098: 13093: 13092: 13091: 13088: 13083:Judeo-Moroccan 13080: 13079: 13078: 13068: 13066:Judeo-Egyptian 13063: 13061:Judeo-Algerian 13057: 13055: 13049: 13048: 13046: 13045: 13043:Bedouin Arabic 13039: 13037: 13031: 13030: 13028: 13027: 13020: 13019: 13018: 13013: 13010: 13007: 12998: 12996: 12992: 12991: 12989: 12988: 12987: 12986: 12981: 12976: 12971: 12966: 12956: 12951: 12946: 12941: 12936: 12935: 12934: 12929: 12924: 12914: 12909: 12904: 12899: 12893: 12891: 12885: 12884: 12881: 12880: 12878: 12877: 12876: 12875: 12865: 12860: 12854: 12852: 12845: 12844: 12842: 12841: 12836: 12831: 12826: 12820: 12818: 12809: 12803: 12802: 12799: 12798: 12796: 12795: 12790: 12784: 12782: 12776: 12775: 12773: 12772: 12771: 12770: 12765: 12755: 12750: 12744: 12742: 12733: 12727: 12726: 12724: 12723: 12718: 12713: 12707: 12705: 12701: 12700: 12697: 12696: 12694: 12693: 12692: 12691: 12690: 12689: 12676: 12675: 12674: 12669: 12668: 12667: 12662: 12655:Moroccan koiné 12652: 12651: 12650: 12640: 12632: 12631: 12630: 12628:Tunisian koiné 12624:Eastern Hilal 12622: 12621: 12620: 12617: 12612: 12611: 12610: 12608:Judeo-Algerian 12603:Algerian koiné 12599:Central Hilal 12596: 12594: 12588: 12587: 12585: 12584: 12583: 12582: 12580:Judeo-Tunisian 12577: 12572: 12570:Judeo-Moroccan 12564: 12563: 12562: 12561: 12560: 12554: 12548: 12547: 12546: 12540: 12535: 12523: 12522: 12521: 12510: 12509: 12508: 12507: 12506: 12501: 12496: 12491: 12486: 12481: 12464: 12456: 12454: 12445: 12436: 12430: 12429: 12427: 12426: 12421: 12415: 12413: 12409: 12408: 12406: 12405: 12398: 12391: 12384: 12377: 12369: 12367: 12360: 12354: 12353: 12351: 12350: 12341: 12332: 12323: 12314: 12305: 12296: 12287: 12278: 12269: 12260: 12251: 12242: 12233: 12224: 12215: 12206: 12197: 12188: 12179: 12170: 12161: 12152: 12143: 12134: 12125: 12116: 12107: 12097: 12095: 12091: 12090: 12088: 12087: 12082: 12081: 12080: 12075: 12070: 12065: 12059: 12054: 12049: 12035: 12030: 12025: 12023:Arabic Braille 12020: 12015: 12010: 12009: 12008: 12000: 11995: 11990: 11984: 11982: 11976: 11975: 11973: 11972: 11967: 11962: 11957: 11956: 11955: 11945: 11939: 11937: 11933: 11932: 11924: 11923: 11916: 11909: 11901: 11895: 11894: 11889: 11884: 11879: 11874: 11869: 11862: 11861:External links 11859: 11858: 11857: 11850: 11843: 11836: 11829: 11826:Actes d'AIDA 6 11822: 11815: 11808: 11801: 11794: 11787: 11776: 11769: 11764:Louis Brunot. 11762: 11755: 11744: 11737: 11728: 11725: 11723: 11722: 11704: 11686: 11668: 11646: 11624: 11598: 11580:(2): 117–145. 11557: 11540: 11515: 11500: 11480: 11473: 11453: 11435: 11428: 11408: 11386: 11368: 11344: 11329: 11312:Jewish Morocco 11294: 11285: 11265: 11252: 11243: 11218: 11201: 11189: 11175: 11162:K. Versteegh, 11150: 11136: 11113: 11098: 11084: 11066:Yabiladi.com. 11058: 11051: 11031: 11002: 10976: 10969: 10949: 10918: 10916: 10913: 10912: 10911: 10906: 10901: 10896: 10891: 10886: 10881: 10876: 10869: 10866: 10821: 10818: 10812: 10809: 10733:Although most 10730: 10727: 10679:code-switching 10670: 10669:Code-switching 10667: 10596: 10593: 10573: 10570: 10567: 10566: 10561: 10556: 10551: 10546: 10540: 10539: 10537: 10532: 10527: 10522: 10517: 10512: 10507: 10502: 10497: 10492: 10488: 10487: 10482: 10477: 10472: 10467: 10461: 10460: 10455: 10450: 10445: 10440: 10435: 10430: 10425: 10420: 10412: 10404: 10399: 10395: 10394: 10392: 10387: 10382: 10377: 10372: 10367: 10362: 10354: 10346: 10342: 10341: 10338: 10335: 10332: 10329: 10326: 10323: 10320: 10317: 10314: 10311: 10307: 10306: 10303: 10300: 10297: 10294: 10291: 10285: 10284: 10281:muwkul, muwxud 10258: 10236: 10213: 10210: 10189: 10186: 10185: 10184: 10181:stɣell/ystɣell 10173: 10170: 10159: 10157:ttʕedd/yttʕedd 10149: 10142:sˤafef/ysˤafef 10134: 10131:ɣedded/yɣedded 10091: 10090: 10085: 10080: 10075: 10070: 10064: 10063: 10061: 10056: 10051: 10046: 10041: 10036: 10031: 10026: 10021: 10016: 10012: 10011: 10006: 10001: 9996: 9991: 9985: 9984: 9979: 9974: 9969: 9964: 9959: 9954: 9949: 9944: 9936: 9928: 9923: 9919: 9918: 9916: 9911: 9906: 9901: 9896: 9891: 9886: 9878: 9870: 9866: 9865: 9862: 9859: 9856: 9853: 9850: 9847: 9844: 9841: 9838: 9835: 9831: 9830: 9827: 9824: 9821: 9818: 9815: 9801: 9798: 9789: 9786: 9776: 9775: 9770: 9765: 9760: 9755: 9749: 9748: 9746: 9741: 9736: 9731: 9726: 9721: 9716: 9711: 9706: 9701: 9697: 9696: 9691: 9686: 9681: 9676: 9670: 9669: 9664: 9659: 9654: 9649: 9644: 9639: 9634: 9629: 9621: 9613: 9608: 9604: 9603: 9601: 9596: 9591: 9586: 9581: 9576: 9571: 9563: 9555: 9551: 9550: 9547: 9544: 9541: 9538: 9535: 9532: 9529: 9526: 9523: 9520: 9516: 9515: 9512: 9509: 9506: 9503: 9500: 9486: 9479: 9467: 9466: 9463: 9456:beddel/ybeddel 9450: 9449: 9444: 9439: 9434: 9429: 9423: 9422: 9420: 9415: 9410: 9405: 9400: 9395: 9390: 9385: 9380: 9375: 9371: 9370: 9365: 9360: 9355: 9350: 9344: 9343: 9338: 9333: 9328: 9323: 9318: 9313: 9308: 9303: 9295: 9287: 9282: 9278: 9277: 9275: 9270: 9265: 9260: 9255: 9250: 9245: 9237: 9229: 9225: 9224: 9221: 9218: 9215: 9212: 9209: 9206: 9203: 9200: 9197: 9194: 9190: 9189: 9186: 9183: 9180: 9177: 9174: 9160: 9157: 9149:ʕeyyen/yʕeyyen 9144: 9141: 9140: 9139: 9136: 9133: 9130:stăʕfa/ystăʕfa 9126:steħya/ysteħya 9122:steħla/ysteħla 9118:stehza/ystehza 9116:"invite"; but 9114:stedʕa/ystedʕi 9110: 9107: 9104: 9101:tqadˤa/ytqadˤa 9097: 9094:tqewwa/ytqewwa 9090: 9089:"be forgotten" 9087:ttensa/yttensa 9083: 9072: 9057: 9056: 9053: 9050: 9043: 9042: 9032: 9019: 9018: 9013: 9008: 9003: 8998: 8992: 8991: 8989: 8984: 8979: 8974: 8969: 8964: 8959: 8954: 8949: 8944: 8940: 8939: 8933: 8932: 8927: 8920: 8915: 8908: 8903: 8896: 8891: 8884: 8879: 8874: 8869: 8865: 8864: 8862: 8857: 8852: 8847: 8842: 8837: 8832: 8827: 8822: 8818: 8817: 8814: 8811: 8808: 8805: 8802: 8799: 8796: 8793: 8790: 8787: 8783: 8782: 8779: 8776: 8773: 8770: 8767: 8753: 8750: 8749: 8748: 8747: 8746: 8735: 8724: 8710: 8695: 8674: 8673: 8668: 8663: 8658: 8650: 8644: 8643: 8641: 8633: 8628: 8620: 8615: 8607: 8602: 8594: 8587: 8582: 8578: 8577: 8569: 8561: 8553: 8545: 8539: 8538: 8530: 8525: 8517: 8512: 8504: 8499: 8491: 8486: 8478: 8470: 8465: 8461: 8460: 8458: 8450: 8445: 8437: 8432: 8424: 8419: 8411: 8403: 8399: 8398: 8395: 8392: 8389: 8386: 8383: 8380: 8377: 8374: 8371: 8368: 8364: 8363: 8360: 8357: 8354: 8351: 8348: 8334: 8331: 8326: 8323: 8320: 8319: 8310: 8301: 8293: 8288: 8282: 8281: 8279: 8274: 8269: 8264: 8259: 8254: 8249: 8244: 8239: 8234: 8230: 8229: 8224: 8215: 8206: 8198: 8192: 8191: 8186: 8181: 8172: 8163: 8154: 8145: 8137: 8129: 8124: 8119: 8114: 8110: 8109: 8107: 8098: 8089: 8080: 8071: 8063: 8055: 8050: 8045: 8041: 8040: 8037: 8034: 8031: 8028: 8025: 8022: 8019: 8016: 8013: 8010: 8006: 8005: 8002: 7999: 7996: 7993: 7990: 7976: 7973: 7972: 7971: 7968: 7955: 7954: 7949: 7944: 7939: 7934: 7928: 7927: 7925: 7920: 7915: 7910: 7905: 7900: 7895: 7890: 7885: 7880: 7876: 7875: 7870: 7865: 7860: 7855: 7849: 7848: 7843: 7838: 7833: 7828: 7823: 7818: 7813: 7808: 7803: 7798: 7793: 7789: 7788: 7786: 7781: 7776: 7771: 7766: 7761: 7756: 7751: 7746: 7742: 7741: 7738: 7735: 7732: 7729: 7726: 7723: 7720: 7717: 7714: 7711: 7707: 7706: 7703: 7700: 7697: 7694: 7691: 7677: 7674: 7673: 7672: 7644: 7631: 7630: 7621: 7612: 7607: 7600: 7594: 7593: 7591: 7582: 7573: 7564: 7555: 7550: 7545: 7538: 7533: 7528: 7524: 7523: 7516: 7507: 7498: 7493: 7487: 7486: 7479: 7474: 7465: 7456: 7447: 7438: 7433: 7428: 7423: 7418: 7413: 7409: 7408: 7406: 7401: 7396: 7391: 7386: 7381: 7376: 7371: 7366: 7362: 7361: 7358: 7355: 7352: 7349: 7346: 7343: 7340: 7337: 7334: 7331: 7327: 7326: 7323: 7320: 7317: 7314: 7311: 7302:beddel/ybeddel 7297: 7294: 7291: 7290: 7282: 7274: 7266: 7261: 7255: 7254: 7252: 7247: 7239: 7234: 7226: 7221: 7213: 7208: 7203: 7198: 7194: 7193: 7188: 7183: 7178: 7173: 7167: 7166: 7161: 7154: 7149: 7141: 7136: 7128: 7123: 7115: 7110: 7105: 7100: 7096: 7095: 7093: 7088: 7080: 7075: 7067: 7062: 7054: 7049: 7044: 7040: 7039: 7036: 7033: 7030: 7027: 7024: 7021: 7018: 7015: 7012: 7009: 7005: 7004: 7001: 6998: 6995: 6992: 6989: 6975: 6972: 6971: 6970: 6963: 6956: 6945: 6944: 6941: 6934: 6927: 6926: 6923: 6910: 6909: 6900: 6891: 6883: 6878: 6872: 6871: 6869: 6864: 6859: 6854: 6849: 6844: 6839: 6834: 6829: 6824: 6820: 6819: 6814: 6809: 6804: 6799: 6793: 6792: 6787: 6782: 6777: 6768: 6763: 6754: 6749: 6741: 6736: 6731: 6726: 6722: 6721: 6719: 6714: 6705: 6700: 6691: 6686: 6678: 6673: 6668: 6664: 6663: 6660: 6657: 6654: 6651: 6648: 6645: 6642: 6639: 6636: 6633: 6629: 6628: 6625: 6622: 6619: 6616: 6613: 6603: 6600: 6597: 6596: 6591: 6586: 6582: 6581: 6576: 6571: 6567: 6566: 6561: 6556: 6551: 6547: 6546: 6543: 6540: 6537: 6536:Number/Gender 6524: 6523: 6520: 6517: 6510: 6507: 6498: 6497: 6492: 6487: 6482: 6474: 6468: 6467: 6465: 6460: 6455: 6450: 6445: 6436: 6431: 6423: 6418: 6413: 6409: 6408: 6400: 6395: 6390: 6382: 6376: 6375: 6367: 6362: 6357: 6352: 6347: 6342: 6334: 6329: 6324: 6319: 6314: 6310: 6309: 6307: 6302: 6297: 6292: 6287: 6279: 6274: 6269: 6264: 6260: 6259: 6256: 6253: 6250: 6247: 6244: 6241: 6238: 6235: 6232: 6229: 6225: 6224: 6221: 6218: 6215: 6212: 6209: 6195: 6192: 6190: 6187: 6183: 6182: 6175:tfanta/ytfanta 6173:"be planned", 6168: 6165: 6162: 6152: 6146: 6139: 6138: 6132: 6129: 6128:tFuTit, tFuTa 6126: 6123:tsuret/ytsuret 6121:"be insured", 6119:tsuger/ytsuger 6116: 6110: 6103: 6102: 6096: 6093: 6092:tFiTit, tFiTa 6090: 6089:"be pillaged" 6087:tritel/ytritel 6080: 6074: 6067: 6066: 6063: 6057: 6054: 6051: 6041: 6035: 6029: 6025: 6024: 6010: 6007: 6004: 5994: 5988: 5981: 5980: 5974: 5971: 5968: 5958: 5952: 5945: 5944: 5938: 5935: 5932: 5922: 5916: 5909: 5908: 5905: 5902:seqsˤa/yseqsˤi 5899: 5896: 5895:FeSTit, FeSTa 5893: 5890:hernen/yhernen 5886:melmel/ymelmel 5879: 5873: 5867: 5863: 5862: 5860: 5857:stăʕfa/ystăʕfa 5853:stehza/ystehza 5850: 5847: 5844: 5843: 5840:stɣell/ystɣell 5837: 5834: 5831: 5828: 5825:stedʕa/ystedʕi 5822: 5819: 5816: 5810: 5804: 5798: 5794: 5793: 5790: 5780: 5777: 5774: 5770: 5769: 5763: 5760: 5757: 5747: 5744: 5741: 5738: 5735: 5734:FtaMit, FtaMa 5732: 5722: 5716: 5710: 5706: 5705: 5695: 5689: 5683: 5680: 5679:"join forces" 5673:tqadˤa/ytqadˤa 5670: 5667: 5666:tFaMit, tFaMa 5664: 5661:tʕawen/ytʕawen 5658: 5652: 5646: 5642: 5641: 5638:tqiyya/ytqiyya 5635: 5632: 5629: 5623: 5617: 5610: 5609: 5599: 5593: 5590: 5584: 5578: 5571: 5570: 5567: 5564:twerra/ytwerra 5561: 5558: 5555: 5549: 5543: 5537: 5533: 5532: 5529:ttfekk/yttfokk 5526: 5523: 5521: 5519: 5513: 5506: 5505: 5502:ttʃedd/yttʃedd 5499: 5496: 5493: 5487: 5484: 5481: 5478:ttensa/yttensa 5471: 5468: 5465: 5459: 5453: 5447: 5443: 5442: 5436: 5430: 5424: 5421: 5411: 5408: 5405: 5399: 5393: 5387: 5383: 5382: 5376: 5373: 5372:Fiyyit, Fiyya 5370: 5367:biyyen/ybiyyen 5364: 5358: 5351: 5350: 5344: 5341: 5340:Fuwwit, Fuwwa 5338: 5335:xuwwef/yxuwwef 5332: 5326: 5319: 5318: 5315: 5309: 5306: 5305:FeMMit, FeMMa 5303: 5300:beddel/ybeddel 5297: 5291: 5285: 5281: 5280: 5278: 5260: 5254: 5251: 5249: 5246: 5245: 5243: 5233: 5230: 5224: 5221: 5218: 5217: 5211: 5208: 5205: 5195: 5192: 5186: 5183: 5173: 5166: 5165: 5155: 5152: 5149: 5139: 5136: 5133: 5123: 5120: 5117: 5107: 5101: 5095: 5091: 5090: 5087: 5084: 5081: 5078: 5075: 5072: 5069: 5066: 5063: 5060: 5057: 5053: 5052: 5049: 5046: 5043: 5040: 5034: 5033: 5032: 5020: 5019: 5018: 5013: 5006: 4999: 4992: 4985: 4980: 4975: 4968: 4961: 4956: 4950: 4938: 4937: 4932: 4923: 4914: 4909: 4903: 4902: 4893: 4884: 4879: 4870: 4861: 4856: 4851: 4846: 4841: 4837: 4836: 4827: 4818: 4812: 4811: 4802: 4793: 4788: 4779: 4770: 4765: 4756: 4751: 4746: 4742: 4741: 4732: 4723: 4718: 4709: 4700: 4695: 4686: 4681: 4677: 4676: 4673: 4670: 4667: 4664: 4660: 4659: 4656: 4653: 4642: 4635: 4628: 4621: 4614: 4604: 4603: 4600: 4597: 4594: 4591: 4582: 4579: 4578: 4577: 4574: 4563: 4560:iḥmáṛṛ/yiḥmáṛṛ 4555: 4539: 4470:ketteb/yketteb 4369: 4366: 4365: 4364: 4293: 4292: 4280: 4274: 4268: 4252:"nothing" and 4242: 4241: 4237: 4234: 4231: 4219: 4218: 4212: 4206: 4200: 4194: 4188: 4151: 4150: 4139: 4108:Main article: 4105: 4102: 4052:instead (e.g. 4033: 4030: 3882:I am writing: 3872: 3869: 3827:She/it wrote: 3789: 3786: 3774: 3771: 3769: 3766: 3764: 3761: 3758: 3757: 3754: 3751: 3745: 3744: 3741: 3738: 3732: 3731: 3730:bch-hal hada? 3728: 3725: 3719: 3718: 3715: 3714:فين الطواليط؟ 3712: 3706: 3705: 3702: 3699: 3693: 3692: 3689: 3686: 3680: 3679: 3676: 3673: 3667: 3666: 3663: 3660: 3654: 3653: 3650: 3649:شحال فالساعة؟ 3647: 3641: 3640: 3637: 3634: 3628: 3627: 3624: 3621: 3615: 3614: 3611: 3608: 3602: 3601: 3598: 3595: 3589: 3588: 3585: 3582: 3576: 3575: 3572: 3569: 3551: 3548: 3545: 3544: 3541: 3538: 3535: 3532: 3528: 3527: 3524: 3520:/ fayn mašya? 3514: 3511: 3508: 3504: 3503: 3493: 3490: 3480: 3477: 3473: 3472: 3469: 3466: 3463: 3460: 3456: 3455: 3445: 3434: 3431: 3428: 3424: 3423: 3422:šukran bezzaf 3420: 3417: 3413: 3412: 3409: 3406: 3403: 3400: 3397: 3394: 3390: 3389: 3386: 3383: 3380: 3377: 3374: 3371: 3367: 3366: 3363: 3360: 3356: 3355: 3352: 3349: 3345: 3344: 3341: 3338: 3335: 3332: 3329: 3326: 3322: 3321: 3318: 3308: 3298: 3295: 3292: 3289: 3285: 3284: 3281: 3278: 3274: 3273: 3270: 3267: 3264: 3261: 3258: 3255: 3251: 3250: 3247: 3244: 3240: 3239: 3236: 3233: 3230: 3227: 3224: 3221: 3217: 3216: 3213: 3210: 3207: 3204: 3201: 3198: 3194: 3193: 3190: 3187: 3183: 3182: 3179: 3176: 3172: 3171: 3168: 3165: 3162: 3159: 3156: 3153: 3149: 3148: 3145: 3142: 3139: 3136: 3133: 3130: 3126: 3125: 3122: 3119: 3116: 3113: 3110: 3107: 3103: 3102: 3099: 3096: 3093: 3090: 3087: 3084: 3080: 3079: 3073: 3067: 3061: 3058: 3055: 3052: 3046: 3045: 3030:/dˤlˤrˤsˤtˤzˤ/ 3023: 3014: 3005: 2999: 2993: 2987: 2981: 2975: 2953: 2950: 2949: 2948: 2945: 2942: 2937: 2934: 2933: 2932: 2926: 2920: 2914: 2908: 2902: 2896: 2890: 2884: 2878: 2872: 2866: 2845:following the 2830: 2827: 2826: 2825: 2819: 2813: 2807: 2801: 2795: 2789: 2779: 2773: 2767: 2761: 2755: 2749: 2743: 2737: 2727: 2721: 2715: 2702: 2699: 2698: 2697: 2691: 2685: 2679: 2673: 2667: 2661: 2655: 2649: 2643: 2637: 2631: 2625: 2619: 2613: 2607: 2601: 2595: 2587: 2584: 2583: 2582: 2577: 2571: 2565: 2559: 2552: 2546: 2540: 2534: 2528: 2522: 2516: 2510: 2504: 2498: 2492: 2486: 2480: 2474: 2468: 2462: 2456: 2450: 2444: 2438: 2432: 2426: 2418: 2415: 2412: 2411: 2366: 2364: 2357: 2352: 2351: 2345: 2339: 2316:"babble", and 2266: 2263: 2238:Following the 2216: 2213: 2211: 2208: 2200:Kenza El Ghali 2104:Hebrew script. 2090:nature of the 2065: 2062: 2061: 2060: 2049: 2024:"two" vs. MSA 2016:"sun" vs. MSA 1986: 1961:"he sat" (MSA 1939: 1892: 1860: 1849: 1823: 1788: 1747: 1746: 1743: 1740: 1737: 1730: 1723: 1716: 1709: 1706: 1703: 1697: 1696: 1693: 1690: 1687: 1684: 1681: 1674: 1667: 1664: 1661: 1655: 1654: 1651: 1648: 1645: 1642: 1639: 1632: 1625: 1622: 1619: 1613: 1612: 1609: 1602: 1595: 1592: 1585: 1578: 1571: 1568: 1559: 1551: 1550: 1543: 1536: 1529: 1526: 1519: 1512: 1505: 1496: 1489: 1482: 1476: 1475: 1472: 1469: 1466: 1459: 1456: 1449: 1442: 1435: 1428: 1420: 1419: 1412: 1409: 1402: 1395: 1392: 1385: 1378: 1375: 1366: 1359: 1353: 1352: 1349: 1346: 1343: 1340: 1337: 1334: 1327: 1320: 1313: 1307: 1306: 1299: 1294: 1287: 1281: 1280: 1275: 1270: 1265: 1260: 1255: 1246: 1241: 1229: 1226: 1100:/aː/,/iː/,/uː/ 947: 946: 939: 937: 931: 930: 928: 926: 924: 918: 917: 910: 903: 896: 889: 883: 882: 877: 872: 867: 862: 856: 855: 852: 849: 835: 832: 829: 828: 779: 777: 770: 764: 761: 760: 759: 752:Western Sahara 745: 742: 724: 685:'Aroubi Arabic 659: 656: 655: 654: 647:Judeo-Moroccan 644: 633: 626:Jebli dialects 623: 568:Urban dialects 553:phases of the 538: 535: 499: 496: 340: 339: 326:, you may see 312: 311: 307: 306: 298: 297: 290: 282: 281: 274: 266: 265: 264:Language codes 261: 260: 255: 251:Writing system 248: 245: 244: 243: 242: 240:Judeo-Moroccan 237: 232: 227: 220: 216: 215: 213: 212: 211: 210: 209: 208: 207: 206: 205: 204: 203: 202: 168: 166: 159: 156: 155: 142: 138: 137: 124: 120: 119: 114: 113:Native to 110: 109: 102: 98: 97: 89: 88: 84: 83: 73: 72: 42: 40: 33: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 14630: 14619: 14616: 14614: 14611: 14609: 14606: 14605: 14603: 14588: 14585: 14583: 14580: 14578: 14575: 14570: 14566: 14563: 14559: 14556: 14555:African Latin 14552: 14551: 14550: 14547: 14542: 14538: 14537: 14536: 14533: 14528: 14524: 14523: 14522: 14519: 14518: 14516: 14512: 14499: 14495: 14494: 14493: 14490: 14488: 14485: 14483: 14480: 14479: 14477: 14475: 14471: 14465: 14462: 14460: 14457: 14455: 14452: 14450: 14447: 14446: 14444: 14442: 14438: 14432: 14429: 14427: 14424: 14423: 14421: 14419: 14415: 14405: 14402: 14400: 14397: 14396: 14394: 14392: 14388: 14382: 14379: 14377: 14374: 14372: 14369: 14367: 14364: 14363: 14361: 14359: 14355: 14346: 14342: 14339: 14335: 14332: 14328: 14325: 14321: 14318: 14314: 14311: 14307: 14306: 14305: 14302: 14297: 14293: 14290: 14286: 14285: 14283: 14282: 14280: 14278: 14274: 14268: 14265: 14263: 14260: 14258: 14255: 14253: 14250: 14248: 14245: 14243: 14240: 14239: 14237: 14235: 14231: 14228: 14226: 14222: 14209: 14205: 14202: 14198: 14195: 14191: 14188: 14184: 14183: 14182: 14179: 14174: 14170: 14167: 14163: 14160: 14156: 14153: 14149: 14148: 14147: 14146:Central Hilal 14144: 14139: 14135: 14134: 14133: 14132:Eastern Hilal 14130: 14125: 14121: 14120: 14119: 14116: 14115: 14113: 14111: 14107: 14098: 14094: 14091: 14090:Tripolitanian 14087: 14084: 14080: 14079: 14078: 14075: 14070: 14066: 14063: 14062:Traras-Msirda 14059: 14058: 14057: 14054: 14049: 14045: 14042: 14038: 14035: 14031: 14030: 14029: 14026: 14021: 14017: 14016: 14015: 14012: 14011: 14009: 14007: 14003: 13997: 13994: 13992: 13989: 13987: 13984: 13983: 13981: 13977: 13974: 13972: 13968: 13965: 13961: 13957: 13949: 13944: 13942: 13937: 13935: 13930: 13929: 13926: 13914: 13911: 13909: 13907: 13902: 13900: 13899: 13895: 13893: 13892: 13888: 13886: 13885: 13881: 13880: 13877: 13871: 13868: 13866: 13863: 13862: 13860: 13858: 13854: 13848: 13845: 13843: 13840: 13838: 13835: 13834: 13832: 13830: 13826: 13812: 13811:African Latin 13809: 13808: 13806: 13802: 13796: 13793: 13791: 13788: 13786: 13783: 13782: 13780: 13778: 13774: 13771: 13769: 13765: 13755: 13752: 13750: 13747: 13745: 13742: 13740: 13737: 13736: 13734: 13732: 13728: 13722: 13719: 13717: 13714: 13712: 13709: 13707: 13704: 13702: 13699: 13697: 13696:Central Atlas 13694: 13693: 13691: 13689: 13685: 13682: 13680: 13676: 13666: 13663: 13662: 13660: 13656: 13650: 13647: 13645: 13642: 13640: 13637: 13636: 13634: 13632: 13628: 13622: 13619: 13617: 13614: 13613: 13611: 13609: 13605: 13602: 13600: 13596: 13593: 13591: 13587: 13581: 13578: 13576: 13573: 13572: 13570: 13568: 13564: 13560: 13553: 13548: 13546: 13541: 13539: 13534: 13533: 13530: 13518: 13510: 13507: 13503: 13501: 13497: 13494: 13493: 13490: 13483: 13482: 13480: 13476: 13470: 13467: 13463: 13460: 13458: 13455: 13452: 13449: 13446: 13444: 13441: 13440: 13438: 13436: 13433: 13431: 13428: 13426: 13423: 13421: 13418: 13417: 13415: 13411: 13405: 13402: 13400: 13397: 13395: 13392: 13390: 13389:Sini (script) 13387: 13385: 13382: 13380: 13379:Ruqʿah script 13377: 13375: 13372: 13370: 13367: 13365: 13362: 13360: 13357: 13355: 13352: 13350: 13347: 13345: 13342: 13340: 13337: 13335: 13332: 13330: 13327: 13325: 13324:Hijazi script 13322: 13320: 13317: 13315: 13312: 13311: 13309: 13307: 13302: 13298: 13292: 13289: 13287: 13284: 13282: 13281: 13277: 13275: 13272: 13270: 13267: 13265: 13262: 13257: 13253: 13250: 13248: 13245: 13243: 13240: 13239: 13238: 13235: 13234: 13232: 13228: 13222: 13219: 13217: 13214: 13213: 13211: 13207: 13193: 13190: 13188: 13185: 13183: 13180: 13178: 13175: 13173: 13172: 13168: 13166: 13163: 13161: 13158: 13156: 13153: 13151: 13150: 13146: 13145: 13143: 13141: 13136: 13132: 13123: 13120: 13117: 13114: 13113: 13112: 13109: 13104: 13103: 13102: 13099: 13097: 13094: 13089: 13086: 13085: 13084: 13081: 13077: 13074: 13073: 13072: 13069: 13067: 13064: 13062: 13059: 13058: 13056: 13054: 13050: 13044: 13041: 13040: 13038: 13036: 13032: 13026: 13025: 13021: 13017: 13014: 13011: 13008: 13005: 13004: 13003: 13002:Central Asian 13000: 12999: 12997: 12993: 12985: 12982: 12980: 12977: 12975: 12974:Taʽizzi-Adeni 12972: 12970: 12967: 12965: 12962: 12961: 12960: 12957: 12955: 12952: 12950: 12947: 12945: 12942: 12940: 12937: 12933: 12930: 12928: 12925: 12923: 12920: 12919: 12918: 12915: 12913: 12910: 12908: 12905: 12903: 12900: 12898: 12895: 12894: 12892: 12890: 12886: 12874: 12871: 12870: 12869: 12866: 12864: 12861: 12859: 12856: 12855: 12853: 12850: 12846: 12840: 12837: 12835: 12832: 12830: 12827: 12825: 12822: 12821: 12819: 12817: 12813: 12810: 12808: 12804: 12794: 12791: 12789: 12786: 12785: 12783: 12781: 12777: 12769: 12766: 12764: 12761: 12760: 12759: 12756: 12754: 12751: 12749: 12746: 12745: 12743: 12741: 12737: 12734: 12732: 12728: 12722: 12719: 12717: 12714: 12712: 12709: 12708: 12706: 12702: 12688: 12685: 12684: 12683: 12680: 12679: 12677: 12673: 12670: 12666: 12663: 12661: 12658: 12657: 12656: 12653: 12649: 12646: 12645: 12644: 12641: 12639: 12636: 12635: 12633: 12629: 12626: 12625: 12623: 12618: 12616: 12613: 12609: 12606: 12605: 12604: 12601: 12600: 12598: 12597: 12595: 12593: 12589: 12581: 12578: 12576: 12573: 12571: 12568: 12567: 12565: 12558: 12555: 12553:Traras-Msirda 12552: 12551: 12549: 12544: 12541: 12539: 12536: 12533: 12530: 12529: 12527: 12526: 12524: 12519: 12516: 12515: 12514: 12511: 12505: 12502: 12500: 12497: 12495: 12492: 12490: 12487: 12485: 12482: 12480: 12477: 12476: 12475: 12472: 12471: 12470: 12469: 12465: 12463: 12462: 12458: 12457: 12455: 12453: 12449: 12446: 12444: 12440: 12437: 12431: 12425: 12422: 12420: 12417: 12416: 12414: 12410: 12404: 12403: 12399: 12397: 12396: 12392: 12390: 12389: 12385: 12383: 12382: 12378: 12376: 12375: 12371: 12370: 12368: 12364: 12361: 12359: 12355: 12349: 12347: 12342: 12340: 12338: 12333: 12331: 12329: 12324: 12322: 12320: 12315: 12313: 12311: 12306: 12304: 12302: 12297: 12295: 12293: 12288: 12286: 12284: 12279: 12277: 12275: 12270: 12268: 12266: 12261: 12259: 12257: 12252: 12249: 12248: 12243: 12241: 12239: 12234: 12231: 12230: 12225: 12223: 12221: 12216: 12214: 12212: 12207: 12205: 12203: 12198: 12196: 12194: 12189: 12187: 12185: 12180: 12177: 12176: 12171: 12169: 12167: 12162: 12159: 12158: 12153: 12151: 12149: 12144: 12142: 12140: 12135: 12132: 12131: 12126: 12124: 12122: 12117: 12115: 12113: 12108: 12106: 12104: 12099: 12098: 12096: 12092: 12086: 12083: 12079: 12076: 12074: 12071: 12069: 12066: 12063: 12060: 12058: 12055: 12053: 12050: 12047: 12046: 12041: 12040: 12039: 12036: 12034: 12031: 12029: 12026: 12024: 12021: 12019: 12016: 12014: 12011: 12006: 12005: 12004: 12001: 11999: 11996: 11994: 11993:Arabic script 11991: 11989: 11986: 11985: 11983: 11981: 11977: 11971: 11968: 11966: 11963: 11961: 11958: 11954: 11951: 11950: 11949: 11946: 11944: 11941: 11940: 11938: 11934: 11929: 11922: 11917: 11915: 11910: 11908: 11903: 11902: 11899: 11893: 11890: 11888: 11885: 11883: 11880: 11878: 11875: 11873: 11870: 11868: 11865: 11864: 11855: 11851: 11848: 11844: 11841: 11837: 11834: 11830: 11827: 11823: 11820: 11816: 11813: 11809: 11806: 11802: 11799: 11795: 11792: 11788: 11785: 11781: 11777: 11774: 11770: 11767: 11763: 11760: 11756: 11753: 11749: 11745: 11742: 11738: 11735: 11731: 11730: 11718: 11714: 11708: 11700: 11696: 11690: 11682: 11678: 11672: 11656: 11650: 11634: 11628: 11612: 11608: 11602: 11587: 11583: 11579: 11575: 11568: 11561: 11553: 11552: 11544: 11529: 11525: 11519: 11511: 11504: 11493: 11492: 11484: 11476: 11470: 11466: 11465: 11457: 11449: 11442: 11440: 11431: 11429:9780387239804 11425: 11421: 11420: 11412: 11396: 11390: 11382: 11378: 11372: 11361: 11354: 11348: 11340: 11336: 11332: 11326: 11322: 11318: 11314: 11313: 11305: 11303: 11301: 11299: 11289: 11282: 11278: 11275: 11272:M. El Himer, 11269: 11262: 11256: 11247: 11232: 11231:glottolog.org 11228: 11222: 11215: 11214:2-222-04574-6 11211: 11205: 11196: 11194: 11186: 11179: 11172: 11168: 11165: 11159: 11157: 11155: 11145: 11143: 11141: 11133: 11129: 11126: 11120: 11118: 11110: 11109: 11102: 11094: 11088: 11073: 11069: 11062: 11054: 11052:9780932098078 11048: 11044: 11043: 11035: 11027: 11021: 11013: 11009: 11005: 10999: 10995: 10991: 10983: 10981: 10972: 10966: 10962: 10961: 10953: 10945: 10939: 10938: 10933: 10928: 10926: 10924: 10919: 10910: 10907: 10905: 10904:Fessi dialect 10902: 10900: 10899:Libyan Arabic 10897: 10895: 10892: 10890: 10887: 10885: 10882: 10880: 10877: 10875: 10872: 10871: 10865: 10862: 10857: 10855: 10851: 10847: 10846: 10841: 10837: 10836: 10831: 10827: 10817: 10808: 10795:"Ta'arurut", 10788: 10784: 10783:Ahmed Lemsyeh 10780: 10776: 10774: 10769: 10767: 10763: 10759: 10758:Years of Lead 10755: 10750: 10748: 10744: 10740: 10736: 10726: 10724: 10720: 10716: 10712: 10708: 10704: 10700: 10696: 10692: 10688: 10684: 10680: 10676: 10666: 10663: 10661: 10657: 10653: 10649: 10645: 10641: 10637: 10632: 10630: 10626: 10622: 10618: 10614: 10613:Arab identity 10610: 10606: 10605:technological 10602: 10601:lingua franca 10589: 10565: 10562: 10560: 10557: 10555: 10552: 10550: 10547: 10542: 10541: 10536: 10531: 10528: 10526: 10521: 10518: 10516: 10511: 10508: 10506: 10501: 10498: 10493: 10489: 10486: 10483: 10481: 10478: 10476: 10473: 10471: 10468: 10463: 10462: 10459: 10454: 10451: 10449: 10444: 10441: 10439: 10434: 10431: 10429: 10424: 10421: 10419: 10417: 10411: 10409: 10400: 10396: 10391: 10388: 10386: 10383: 10381: 10378: 10376: 10373: 10371: 10368: 10366: 10363: 10361: 10359: 10355: 10353: 10351: 10347: 10343: 10339: 10336: 10333: 10330: 10327: 10324: 10321: 10318: 10315: 10312: 10308: 10288: 10282: 10278: 10274: 10270: 10266: 10262: 10259: 10256: 10252: 10248: 10244: 10240: 10237: 10234: 10230: 10226: 10222: 10219: 10218: 10217: 10209: 10207: 10203: 10199: 10195: 10182: 10178: 10174: 10171: 10168: 10164: 10160: 10158: 10154: 10150: 10147: 10143: 10139: 10135: 10132: 10128: 10127: 10126: 10123: 10121: 10116: 10114: 10110: 10106: 10102: 10098: 10089: 10086: 10084: 10081: 10079: 10076: 10074: 10071: 10066: 10065: 10060: 10055: 10052: 10050: 10045: 10042: 10040: 10035: 10032: 10030: 10025: 10022: 10017: 10013: 10010: 10007: 10005: 10002: 10000: 9997: 9995: 9992: 9987: 9986: 9983: 9978: 9975: 9973: 9968: 9965: 9963: 9958: 9955: 9953: 9948: 9945: 9943: 9941: 9935: 9933: 9924: 9920: 9915: 9912: 9910: 9907: 9905: 9902: 9900: 9897: 9895: 9892: 9890: 9887: 9885: 9883: 9879: 9877: 9875: 9871: 9867: 9863: 9860: 9857: 9854: 9851: 9848: 9845: 9842: 9839: 9836: 9832: 9812: 9809: 9807: 9797: 9795: 9785: 9783: 9774: 9771: 9769: 9766: 9764: 9761: 9759: 9756: 9751: 9750: 9745: 9740: 9737: 9735: 9730: 9727: 9725: 9720: 9717: 9715: 9710: 9707: 9702: 9698: 9695: 9692: 9690: 9687: 9685: 9682: 9680: 9677: 9672: 9671: 9668: 9663: 9660: 9658: 9653: 9650: 9648: 9643: 9640: 9638: 9633: 9630: 9628: 9626: 9620: 9618: 9609: 9605: 9600: 9597: 9595: 9592: 9590: 9587: 9585: 9582: 9580: 9577: 9575: 9572: 9570: 9568: 9564: 9562: 9560: 9556: 9552: 9548: 9545: 9542: 9539: 9536: 9533: 9530: 9527: 9524: 9521: 9517: 9497: 9494: 9492: 9484: 9478: 9476: 9472: 9464: 9461: 9460: 9459: 9457: 9448: 9445: 9443: 9440: 9438: 9435: 9433: 9430: 9425: 9424: 9419: 9414: 9411: 9409: 9404: 9401: 9399: 9394: 9391: 9389: 9384: 9381: 9376: 9372: 9369: 9366: 9364: 9361: 9359: 9356: 9354: 9351: 9346: 9345: 9342: 9337: 9334: 9332: 9327: 9324: 9322: 9317: 9314: 9312: 9307: 9304: 9302: 9300: 9294: 9292: 9283: 9279: 9274: 9271: 9269: 9266: 9264: 9261: 9259: 9256: 9254: 9251: 9249: 9246: 9244: 9242: 9238: 9236: 9234: 9230: 9226: 9222: 9219: 9216: 9213: 9210: 9207: 9204: 9201: 9198: 9195: 9191: 9171: 9168: 9166: 9156: 9154: 9150: 9137: 9134: 9131: 9127: 9123: 9119: 9115: 9111: 9108: 9105: 9102: 9098: 9095: 9092:Form IIa(V): 9091: 9088: 9084: 9082:"treat, cure" 9081: 9077: 9073: 9070: 9066: 9062: 9061: 9060: 9054: 9051: 9048: 9047: 9046: 9040: 9036: 9033: 9030: 9029: 9028: 9026: 9017: 9014: 9012: 9009: 9007: 9004: 9002: 8999: 8994: 8993: 8988: 8983: 8980: 8978: 8973: 8970: 8968: 8963: 8960: 8958: 8953: 8950: 8945: 8941: 8935: 8934: 8931: 8926: 8925: 8919: 8914: 8913: 8907: 8902: 8901: 8895: 8890: 8889: 8883: 8878: 8870: 8866: 8861: 8858: 8856: 8853: 8851: 8848: 8846: 8843: 8841: 8838: 8836: 8833: 8831: 8828: 8826: 8823: 8819: 8815: 8812: 8809: 8806: 8803: 8800: 8797: 8794: 8791: 8788: 8784: 8764: 8761: 8759: 8744: 8740: 8736: 8733: 8729: 8725: 8722: 8718: 8714: 8713: 8711: 8708: 8704: 8700: 8696: 8693: 8689: 8685: 8684: 8683: 8681: 8672: 8669: 8667: 8664: 8662: 8659: 8657: 8656: 8651: 8646: 8645: 8640: 8639: 8632: 8629: 8627: 8626: 8619: 8616: 8614: 8613: 8606: 8603: 8600: 8599: 8593: 8592: 8588: 8583: 8579: 8576: 8575: 8570: 8568: 8567: 8562: 8560: 8559: 8554: 8552: 8551: 8546: 8541: 8540: 8537: 8536: 8529: 8526: 8524: 8523: 8516: 8513: 8511: 8510: 8503: 8500: 8498: 8497: 8490: 8487: 8485: 8483: 8477: 8475: 8466: 8462: 8457: 8456: 8451: 8449: 8446: 8444: 8443: 8438: 8436: 8433: 8431: 8430: 8425: 8423: 8420: 8418: 8416: 8412: 8410: 8408: 8404: 8400: 8396: 8393: 8390: 8387: 8384: 8381: 8378: 8375: 8372: 8369: 8365: 8345: 8342: 8340: 8330: 8318: 8316: 8311: 8309: 8307: 8302: 8300: 8298: 8294: 8292: 8289: 8284: 8283: 8278: 8277:ɣa-y-ttxelʕ-u 8273: 8270: 8268: 8267:ka-y-ttxelʕ-u 8263: 8260: 8258: 8253: 8250: 8248: 8243: 8240: 8235: 8231: 8228: 8225: 8223: 8221: 8216: 8214: 8212: 8207: 8205: 8203: 8199: 8194: 8193: 8190: 8185: 8182: 8180: 8178: 8171: 8169: 8164: 8162: 8160: 8153: 8151: 8146: 8144: 8142: 8136: 8134: 8130: 8128: 8123: 8115: 8111: 8106: 8104: 8099: 8097: 8095: 8090: 8088: 8086: 8081: 8079: 8077: 8072: 8070: 8068: 8064: 8062: 8060: 8056: 8054: 8051: 8049: 8046: 8042: 8038: 8035: 8032: 8029: 8026: 8023: 8020: 8017: 8014: 8011: 8007: 7987: 7984: 7983:"get scared" 7982: 7969: 7966: 7965: 7964: 7962: 7953: 7950: 7948: 7945: 7943: 7940: 7938: 7935: 7930: 7929: 7924: 7923:ɣa-y-sˤafrˤ-u 7919: 7916: 7914: 7913:ka-y-sˤafrˤ-u 7909: 7906: 7904: 7899: 7896: 7894: 7889: 7886: 7881: 7877: 7874: 7871: 7869: 7868:ɣa-t-sˤafrˤ-i 7866: 7864: 7863:ka-t-sˤafrˤ-i 7861: 7859: 7856: 7851: 7850: 7847: 7842: 7839: 7837: 7836:ɣa-t-sˤafrˤ-u 7832: 7829: 7827: 7826:ka-t-sˤafrˤ-u 7822: 7819: 7817: 7812: 7809: 7807: 7802: 7794: 7790: 7785: 7784:ɣa-n-sˤafrˤ-u 7782: 7780: 7777: 7775: 7774:ka-n-sˤafrˤ-u 7772: 7770: 7767: 7765: 7762: 7760: 7757: 7755: 7752: 7750: 7747: 7743: 7739: 7736: 7733: 7730: 7727: 7724: 7721: 7718: 7715: 7712: 7708: 7688: 7685: 7683: 7670: 7669: 7664: 7663: 7659:differs from 7658: 7657: 7652: 7651: 7645: 7642: 7641: 7640: 7638: 7629: 7627: 7622: 7620: 7618: 7613: 7611: 7608: 7606: 7605: 7601: 7596: 7595: 7590: 7588: 7581: 7579: 7574: 7572: 7570: 7563: 7561: 7556: 7554: 7549: 7546: 7544: 7543: 7537: 7534: 7529: 7525: 7522: 7521: 7517: 7515: 7513: 7508: 7506: 7504: 7499: 7497: 7494: 7489: 7488: 7485: 7484: 7478: 7475: 7473: 7471: 7464: 7462: 7457: 7455: 7453: 7446: 7444: 7439: 7437: 7432: 7429: 7427: 7422: 7414: 7410: 7405: 7402: 7400: 7397: 7395: 7392: 7390: 7387: 7385: 7382: 7380: 7377: 7375: 7372: 7370: 7367: 7363: 7359: 7356: 7353: 7350: 7347: 7344: 7341: 7338: 7335: 7332: 7328: 7308: 7305: 7303: 7289: 7288: 7283: 7281: 7280: 7275: 7273: 7272: 7267: 7265: 7262: 7257: 7256: 7251: 7246: 7245: 7240: 7238: 7233: 7232: 7227: 7225: 7220: 7219: 7214: 7212: 7207: 7204: 7199: 7195: 7192: 7189: 7187: 7184: 7182: 7179: 7177: 7174: 7169: 7168: 7165: 7160: 7159: 7155: 7153: 7148: 7147: 7142: 7140: 7135: 7134: 7129: 7127: 7122: 7121: 7116: 7114: 7109: 7101: 7097: 7092: 7089: 7087: 7086: 7081: 7079: 7076: 7074: 7073: 7068: 7066: 7063: 7061: 7060: 7055: 7053: 7050: 7048: 7045: 7041: 7037: 7034: 7031: 7028: 7025: 7022: 7019: 7016: 7013: 7010: 7006: 6986: 6983: 6981: 6968: 6964: 6961: 6957: 6954: 6950: 6949: 6948: 6942: 6939: 6935: 6932: 6931: 6930: 6924: 6921: 6920: 6919: 6917: 6908: 6906: 6901: 6899: 6897: 6892: 6890: 6888: 6884: 6882: 6879: 6874: 6873: 6868: 6863: 6860: 6858: 6853: 6850: 6848: 6843: 6840: 6838: 6833: 6830: 6825: 6821: 6818: 6815: 6813: 6810: 6808: 6805: 6803: 6800: 6795: 6794: 6791: 6786: 6783: 6781: 6776: 6774: 6769: 6767: 6762: 6760: 6755: 6753: 6748: 6746: 6742: 6740: 6735: 6727: 6723: 6718: 6715: 6713: 6711: 6706: 6704: 6701: 6699: 6697: 6692: 6690: 6687: 6685: 6683: 6679: 6677: 6674: 6672: 6669: 6665: 6661: 6658: 6655: 6652: 6649: 6646: 6643: 6640: 6637: 6634: 6630: 6610: 6607: 6595: 6592: 6590: 6587: 6584: 6583: 6580: 6577: 6575: 6572: 6569: 6568: 6565: 6560: 6557: 6555: 6552: 6549: 6548: 6544: 6541: 6538: 6535: 6534: 6531: 6529: 6521: 6518: 6515: 6511: 6508: 6505: 6504: 6503: 6496: 6493: 6491: 6488: 6486: 6483: 6481: 6479: 6475: 6470: 6469: 6464: 6459: 6456: 6454: 6449: 6446: 6444: 6442: 6435: 6432: 6430: 6428: 6422: 6419: 6414: 6410: 6407: 6405: 6401: 6399: 6396: 6394: 6391: 6389: 6387: 6383: 6378: 6377: 6374: 6372: 6366: 6363: 6361: 6356: 6353: 6351: 6346: 6343: 6341: 6339: 6333: 6330: 6328: 6323: 6315: 6311: 6306: 6303: 6301: 6298: 6296: 6293: 6291: 6288: 6286: 6284: 6280: 6278: 6275: 6273: 6270: 6268: 6265: 6261: 6257: 6254: 6251: 6248: 6245: 6242: 6239: 6236: 6233: 6230: 6226: 6206: 6203: 6201: 6181:"be pedaled" 6180: 6177:"be dodged", 6176: 6172: 6169: 6166: 6163: 6160: 6156: 6153: 6151: 6147: 6145: 6141: 6140: 6136: 6133: 6130: 6127: 6124: 6120: 6117: 6115: 6111: 6109: 6105: 6104: 6100: 6097: 6094: 6091: 6088: 6084: 6081: 6079: 6075: 6073: 6069: 6068: 6061: 6058: 6055: 6052: 6049: 6045: 6042: 6040: 6036: 6034: 6030: 6026: 6022: 6018: 6014: 6011: 6008: 6005: 6002: 5998: 5995: 5993: 5989: 5987: 5983: 5982: 5978: 5975: 5972: 5969: 5966: 5962: 5959: 5957: 5953: 5951: 5947: 5946: 5942: 5939: 5936: 5933: 5930: 5926: 5923: 5921: 5917: 5915: 5911: 5910: 5903: 5900: 5897: 5894: 5891: 5887: 5884:"translate", 5883: 5880: 5878: 5874: 5872: 5868: 5864: 5858: 5855:"ridicule", 5854: 5851: 5848: 5845: 5841: 5838: 5835: 5832: 5826: 5823: 5820: 5814: 5811: 5809: 5805: 5803: 5799: 5795: 5788: 5784: 5781: 5778: 5775: 5772: 5771: 5767: 5764: 5761: 5758: 5755: 5751: 5748: 5745: 5742: 5739: 5736: 5733: 5730: 5726: 5723: 5721: 5717: 5715: 5711: 5708: 5707: 5703: 5699: 5696: 5694: 5690: 5688: 5684: 5678: 5674: 5671: 5668: 5665: 5662: 5659: 5657: 5653: 5651: 5647: 5644: 5643: 5639: 5636: 5633: 5630: 5627: 5624: 5622: 5618: 5616: 5612: 5611: 5607: 5605: 5600: 5597: 5594: 5591: 5588: 5585: 5583: 5579: 5577: 5573: 5572: 5565: 5562: 5559: 5556: 5553: 5550: 5548: 5544: 5542: 5538: 5534: 5530: 5527: 5524: 5518:"be entered" 5517: 5514: 5512: 5508: 5507: 5503: 5500: 5497: 5491: 5488: 5485: 5482: 5479: 5476:"be thrown", 5475: 5472: 5469: 5466: 5464:"be written" 5463: 5460: 5458: 5454: 5452: 5444: 5440: 5437: 5435: 5431: 5429: 5425: 5420:"make level" 5419: 5415: 5412: 5409: 5406: 5403: 5400: 5398: 5394: 5392: 5388: 5385: 5384: 5381:"make vomit" 5380: 5377: 5374: 5371: 5368: 5365: 5363: 5359: 5357: 5353: 5352: 5348: 5345: 5342: 5339: 5336: 5333: 5331: 5327: 5325: 5321: 5320: 5313: 5310: 5307: 5304: 5301: 5298: 5296: 5292: 5290: 5286: 5282: 5276: 5274: 5268: 5266: 5261: 5258: 5255: 5252: 5247: 5241: 5237: 5234: 5231: 5228: 5225: 5222: 5219: 5215: 5212: 5209: 5207:FoMMit, FoMM 5206: 5203: 5199: 5196: 5193: 5190: 5187: 5184: 5181: 5177: 5174: 5172: 5168: 5167: 5163: 5159: 5156: 5153: 5151:FeMMit, FeMM 5150: 5147: 5143: 5140: 5137: 5131: 5127: 5124: 5121: 5115: 5111: 5108: 5106: 5102: 5100: 5092: 5088: 5085: 5082: 5079: 5076: 5073: 5070: 5067: 5064: 5061: 5058: 5055: 5054: 5037: 5030: 5026: 5021: 4981: 4957: 4954: 4953: 4951: 4948: 4947: 4946: 4943: 4936: 4928: 4924: 4922: 4921: 4910: 4905: 4904: 4901: 4900: 4889: 4883: 4875: 4871: 4869: 4868: 4855: 4847: 4842: 4838: 4835: 4834: 4823: 4819: 4814: 4813: 4810: 4809: 4798: 4792: 4784: 4780: 4778: 4777: 4764: 4763: 4747: 4743: 4740: 4739: 4728: 4724: 4722: 4714: 4710: 4708: 4707: 4696: 4694: 4693: 4682: 4678: 4674: 4671: 4668: 4665: 4661: 4650: 4647: 4608: 4601: 4598: 4595: 4592: 4589: 4588: 4587: 4575: 4572: 4568: 4564: 4561: 4556: 4553: 4548: 4544: 4540: 4536: 4532: 4528: 4527: 4526: 4524: 4520: 4516: 4512: 4508: 4504: 4499: 4497: 4492: 4488: 4484: 4479: 4475: 4471: 4467: 4463: 4459: 4455: 4451: 4447: 4442: 4440: 4436: 4432: 4428: 4424: 4420: 4416: 4412: 4407: 4403: 4399: 4394: 4392: 4388: 4384: 4380: 4375: 4363: 4360: 4359: 4358: 4356: 4352: 4348: 4344: 4340: 4335: 4333: 4329: 4325: 4321: 4317: 4312: 4310: 4306: 4302: 4298: 4290: 4287: 4284: 4281: 4278: 4275: 4272: 4269: 4266: 4263: 4262: 4261: 4260:as a suffix: 4259: 4255: 4251: 4247: 4238: 4235: 4232: 4229: 4228: 4227: 4213: 4207: 4201: 4195: 4189: 4183: 4182: 4181: 4178: 4176: 4172: 4168: 4164: 4160: 4156: 4140: 4129: 4128: 4127: 4111: 4101: 4099: 4095: 4093: 4089: 4087: 4083: 4080: 4078: 4074: 4070: 4065: 4063: 4062:ġadi t-ketb-u 4059: 4055: 4051: 4047: 4043: 4039: 4029: 4027: 4023: 4019: 4015: 4011: 4007: 4003: 3999: 3995: 3991: 3987: 3982: 3980: 3976: 3972: 3968: 3964: 3959: 3957: 3953: 3949: 3946:and the stem 3945: 3941: 3937: 3933: 3928: 3927: 3922: 3921: 3916: 3915: 3910: 3909: 3904: 3903: 3898: 3897: 3892: 3891: 3886: 3885: 3880: 3878: 3871:Present tense 3868: 3866: 3862: 3858: 3853: 3852: 3847: 3846: 3842: 3837: 3836: 3831: 3830: 3825: 3823: 3820:He/it wrote: 3818: 3816: 3812: 3808: 3803: 3802: 3797: 3795: 3785: 3783: 3778: 3755: 3752: 3750: 3749:Good evening. 3747: 3746: 3742: 3739: 3737: 3734: 3733: 3729: 3726: 3724: 3721: 3720: 3716: 3713: 3711: 3708: 3707: 3703: 3700: 3698: 3695: 3694: 3690: 3687: 3685: 3682: 3681: 3677: 3674: 3672: 3669: 3668: 3664: 3661: 3659: 3656: 3655: 3651: 3648: 3646: 3643: 3642: 3638: 3635: 3633: 3630: 3629: 3625: 3622: 3620: 3617: 3616: 3612: 3609: 3607: 3604: 3603: 3599: 3596: 3594: 3591: 3590: 3586: 3583: 3581: 3578: 3577: 3573: 3570: 3567: 3566: 3558: 3542: 3539: 3536: 3530: 3529: 3525: 3515: 3512: 3506: 3505: 3499:/ min ntiya? 3494: 3492:mnayn ntina? 3491: 3481: 3475: 3474: 3470: 3467: 3464: 3458: 3457: 3446: 3435: 3432: 3426: 3425: 3415: 3414: 3410: 3407: 3404: 3401: 3398: 3395: 3392: 3391: 3387: 3384: 3381: 3378: 3375: 3372: 3369: 3368: 3358: 3357: 3347: 3346: 3342: 3339: 3336: 3333: 3330: 3328:كل شي مزيان؟ 3327: 3324: 3323: 3319: 3309: 3299: 3296: 3293: 3290: 3288:How are you? 3287: 3286: 3276: 3275: 3271: 3268: 3265: 3263:السلام عليكم 3262: 3259: 3256: 3253: 3252: 3242: 3241: 3237: 3234: 3231: 3228: 3225: 3222: 3219: 3218: 3214: 3211: 3208: 3206:تصبح على خير 3205: 3202: 3200:تصبح على خير 3199: 3196: 3195: 3186:Good morning 3185: 3184: 3174: 3173: 3169: 3166: 3163: 3160: 3157: 3154: 3151: 3150: 3146: 3143: 3140: 3137: 3134: 3131: 3128: 3127: 3123: 3120: 3117: 3114: 3111: 3108: 3105: 3104: 3100: 3097: 3094: 3091: 3088: 3085: 3083:How are you? 3082: 3081: 3078: 3074: 3072: 3068: 3066: 3062: 3059: 3056: 3053: 3050: 3049: 3043: 3039: 3035: 3027: 3024: 3018: 3015: 3009: 3006: 3003: 3000: 2997: 2994: 2991: 2988: 2985: 2982: 2979: 2976: 2973: 2969: 2966: 2965: 2964: 2962: 2959: 2946: 2943: 2940: 2939: 2930: 2927: 2924: 2921: 2918: 2915: 2912: 2909: 2906: 2903: 2900: 2897: 2894: 2891: 2888: 2885: 2882: 2879: 2876: 2873: 2870: 2867: 2864: 2859: 2856: 2855: 2854: 2852: 2848: 2844: 2840: 2836: 2823: 2820: 2817: 2814: 2811: 2808: 2805: 2802: 2799: 2796: 2793: 2790: 2787: 2783: 2780: 2777: 2774: 2771: 2768: 2765: 2762: 2759: 2756: 2753: 2750: 2747: 2744: 2741: 2738: 2735: 2731: 2728: 2725: 2722: 2719: 2716: 2713: 2708: 2705: 2704: 2695: 2692: 2689: 2686: 2683: 2680: 2677: 2674: 2671: 2668: 2665: 2662: 2659: 2656: 2653: 2650: 2647: 2644: 2641: 2638: 2635: 2632: 2629: 2626: 2623: 2620: 2617: 2614: 2611: 2608: 2606:: lady, madam 2605: 2602: 2599: 2596: 2593: 2590: 2589: 2581: 2578: 2575: 2572: 2569: 2566: 2563: 2560: 2557: 2553: 2550: 2547: 2544: 2541: 2538: 2535: 2532: 2529: 2526: 2523: 2520: 2517: 2514: 2511: 2508: 2505: 2502: 2499: 2496: 2493: 2490: 2487: 2484: 2481: 2478: 2475: 2472: 2469: 2466: 2463: 2460: 2457: 2454: 2451: 2448: 2445: 2442: 2439: 2436: 2433: 2430: 2427: 2424: 2421: 2420: 2408: 2405: 2397: 2387: 2383: 2379: 2373: 2372: 2367:This section 2365: 2356: 2355: 2349: 2346: 2343: 2340: 2337: 2333: 2330: 2329: 2328: 2325: 2323: 2319: 2315: 2311: 2307: 2303: 2299: 2295: 2290: 2288: 2284: 2280: 2276: 2272: 2262: 2260: 2256: 2251: 2249: 2245: 2241: 2240:Arab conquest 2236: 2234: 2230: 2226: 2223:, as well as 2222: 2207: 2205: 2201: 2196: 2194: 2190: 2186: 2182: 2181: 2176: 2175:Hicham Nostik 2171: 2168: 2164: 2160: 2156: 2151: 2149: 2148:literary work 2145: 2142: 2138: 2134: 2133: 2129: 2128: 2123: 2119: 2117: 2113: 2112: 2107: 2105: 2101: 2097: 2096:Moroccan Jews 2093: 2089: 2081: 2080:Hebrew script 2077: 2076: 2070: 2050: 1987: 1984: 1940: 1937: 1933: 1929: 1925: 1921: 1917: 1909: 1893: 1889: 1861: 1855:and emphatic 1850: 1837: 1829: 1824: 1789: 1780: 1762: 1755:Non-emphatic 1754: 1753: 1752: 1744: 1741: 1738: 1735: 1731: 1728: 1724: 1721: 1717: 1714: 1710: 1707: 1704: 1702: 1698: 1694: 1691: 1688: 1685: 1682: 1679: 1675: 1672: 1668: 1665: 1662: 1660: 1656: 1652: 1649: 1646: 1643: 1640: 1637: 1633: 1630: 1626: 1623: 1620: 1618: 1614: 1610: 1607: 1603: 1600: 1596: 1593: 1590: 1586: 1583: 1579: 1576: 1572: 1569: 1565: 1560: 1557: 1553: 1552: 1548: 1544: 1541: 1537: 1534: 1530: 1527: 1524: 1520: 1517: 1513: 1510: 1506: 1502: 1497: 1494: 1490: 1487: 1483: 1481: 1477: 1473: 1470: 1467: 1464: 1460: 1457: 1454: 1450: 1447: 1443: 1440: 1436: 1433: 1429: 1426: 1422: 1421: 1417: 1413: 1410: 1407: 1403: 1400: 1396: 1393: 1390: 1386: 1383: 1379: 1376: 1372: 1367: 1364: 1360: 1358: 1354: 1350: 1347: 1344: 1341: 1338: 1335: 1332: 1328: 1325: 1321: 1318: 1314: 1312: 1308: 1304: 1300: 1295: 1292: 1288: 1283: 1282: 1279: 1274: 1269: 1264: 1259: 1254: 1250: 1245: 1238: 1235: 1225: 1214: 1164: 1159: 1157: 1153: 1139: 1131: 1123: 1115: 1109: 1076: 1029: 1018: 1017:labialization 990: 944: 938: 936: 933: 929: 927: 925: 923: 920: 919: 915: 911: 908: 904: 901: 897: 894: 888: 885: 884: 881: 878: 876: 873: 871: 868: 866: 863: 861: 858: 857: 847: 844: 842: 825: 822: 814: 804: 800: 796: 790: 789: 785: 780:This section 778: 774: 769: 768: 757: 753: 749: 746: 743: 740: 736: 732: 728: 725: 722: 718: 714: 710: 706: 702: 698: 694: 690: 686: 683: 682: 681: 679: 674: 672: 668: 664: 652: 651:Moroccan Jews 648: 645: 642: 638: 634: 631: 627: 624: 621: 617: 613: 612:Ksar el-Kebir 609: 605: 601: 597: 593: 589: 585: 581: 577: 573: 569: 566: 565: 564: 562: 561: 556: 552: 543: 534: 532: 528: 520: 495: 493: 489: 485: 481: 479: 475: 471: 467: 463: 458: 454: 450: 446: 443: 439: 435: 431: 415: 395: 389: 380: 376: 369: 364: 337: 333: 329: 325: 321: 319: 313: 304: 299: 295: 291: 289: 288: 283: 279: 275: 272: 267: 262: 259: 256: 252: 246: 241: 238: 236: 235:Fessi dialect 233: 231: 228: 226: 223: 222: 221: 217: 201: 198: 197: 196: 193: 192: 191: 188: 187: 186: 183: 182: 181: 178: 177: 176: 173: 172: 171: 167: 163: 157: 151: 146: 143: 139: 135: 131: 128: 125: 121: 118: 115: 111: 107: 103: 101:Pronunciation 99: 90: 85: 80: 77: 69: 59: 55: 50: 46: 43:This article 41: 37: 32: 31: 19: 14521:Proto-Berber 14418:Nilo-Saharan 14391:Southwestern 14284:Non-Zenatic 14200: 14124:Libyan koiné 14006:Pre-Hilalian 13912: 13903: 13896: 13889: 13882: 13706:Judeo-Berber 13664: 13608:Pre-Hilalian 13495: 13435:Windows-1256 13394:Taliq script 13334:Jeli Thuluth 13314:Ajami script 13278: 13182:Pidgin madam 13169: 13147: 13111:Judeo-Yemeni 13053:Judeo-Arabic 13035:Sociological 13022: 12984:Judeo-Yemeni 12807:Mesopotamian 12682:Libyan koiné 12654: 12466: 12459: 12452:Pre-Hilalian 12400: 12393: 12386: 12379: 12374:Proto-Arabic 12372: 12007:Zabūr script 11960:Romanization 11853: 11846: 11839: 11832: 11825: 11818: 11811: 11804: 11797: 11790: 11783: 11772: 11765: 11758: 11751: 11740: 11733: 11727:Bibliography 11716: 11707: 11699:lavieeco.com 11698: 11689: 11681:Medias24.com 11680: 11671: 11659:. Retrieved 11649: 11639:25 September 11637:. Retrieved 11627: 11615:. Retrieved 11611:the original 11601: 11589:. Retrieved 11577: 11573: 11560: 11550: 11543: 11531:. Retrieved 11527: 11518: 11503: 11490: 11483: 11463: 11456: 11450:(in French). 11418: 11411: 11399:. Retrieved 11389: 11381:the original 11371: 11360:the original 11347: 11311: 11288: 11268: 11255: 11246: 11236:27 September 11234:. Retrieved 11230: 11221: 11204: 11178: 11106: 11101: 11087: 11075:. Retrieved 11071: 11061: 11041: 11034: 10989: 10959: 10952: 10935: 10860: 10858: 10845:Khbar Bladna 10843: 10833: 10823: 10814: 10777: 10770: 10751: 10742: 10732: 10672: 10664: 10659: 10655: 10651: 10647: 10643: 10633: 10598: 10588:Salma Rachid 10563: 10558: 10553: 10548: 10534: 10529: 10524: 10519: 10514: 10509: 10504: 10499: 10484: 10479: 10474: 10469: 10457: 10452: 10447: 10442: 10437: 10432: 10427: 10422: 10415: 10414: 10407: 10406: 10389: 10384: 10379: 10374: 10369: 10364: 10357: 10356: 10349: 10348: 10280: 10277:wakel, waxed 10276: 10272: 10268: 10267:) "eat" and 10264: 10260: 10254: 10250: 10246: 10242: 10238: 10232: 10228: 10224: 10220: 10215: 10205: 10201: 10198:quwwa/yquwwi 10197: 10193: 10191: 10180: 10176: 10167:htemm/yhtemm 10166: 10162: 10156: 10152: 10146:sˤaff/ysˤaff 10145: 10141: 10137: 10130: 10124: 10119: 10117: 10112: 10108: 10104: 10100: 10096: 10094: 10087: 10082: 10077: 10072: 10058: 10053: 10048: 10043: 10038: 10033: 10028: 10023: 10008: 10003: 9998: 9993: 9981: 9976: 9971: 9966: 9961: 9956: 9951: 9946: 9939: 9938: 9931: 9930: 9913: 9908: 9903: 9898: 9893: 9888: 9881: 9880: 9873: 9872: 9805: 9803: 9793: 9791: 9781: 9779: 9772: 9767: 9762: 9757: 9743: 9738: 9733: 9728: 9723: 9718: 9713: 9708: 9693: 9688: 9683: 9678: 9666: 9661: 9656: 9651: 9646: 9641: 9636: 9631: 9624: 9623: 9616: 9615: 9598: 9593: 9588: 9583: 9578: 9573: 9566: 9565: 9558: 9557: 9490: 9488: 9482: 9474: 9470: 9468: 9455: 9453: 9446: 9441: 9436: 9431: 9417: 9412: 9407: 9402: 9397: 9392: 9387: 9382: 9367: 9362: 9357: 9352: 9340: 9335: 9330: 9325: 9320: 9315: 9310: 9305: 9298: 9297: 9290: 9289: 9272: 9267: 9262: 9257: 9252: 9247: 9240: 9239: 9232: 9231: 9164: 9162: 9153:ʒaweb/yʒaweb 9152: 9148: 9146: 9129: 9125: 9121: 9120:"ridicule", 9117: 9113: 9100: 9093: 9086: 9079: 9076:qadˤa/yqadˤi 9075: 9071:"strengthen" 9069:qewwa/yqewwi 9068: 9065:wedda/yweddi 9064: 9058: 9044: 9038: 9034: 9024: 9022: 9015: 9010: 9005: 9000: 8986: 8981: 8976: 8971: 8966: 8961: 8956: 8951: 8929: 8923: 8922: 8918:ɣa-te-rˤmi-w 8917: 8911: 8910: 8906:ka-te-rˤmi-w 8905: 8899: 8898: 8893: 8887: 8886: 8881: 8876: 8860:ɣa-ne-rˤmi-w 8859: 8854: 8850:ka-ne-rˤmi-w 8849: 8844: 8839: 8834: 8829: 8824: 8757: 8755: 8742: 8738: 8731: 8727: 8720: 8716: 8706: 8702: 8698: 8691: 8687: 8679: 8677: 8670: 8665: 8660: 8654: 8652: 8637: 8635: 8630: 8624: 8622: 8617: 8611: 8609: 8604: 8597: 8596: 8590: 8589: 8573: 8571: 8565: 8563: 8557: 8555: 8549: 8547: 8534: 8532: 8527: 8521: 8519: 8514: 8508: 8506: 8501: 8495: 8493: 8488: 8481: 8480: 8473: 8472: 8454: 8452: 8447: 8441: 8439: 8434: 8428: 8426: 8421: 8414: 8413: 8406: 8405: 8338: 8336: 8328: 8314: 8312: 8305: 8303: 8296: 8295: 8290: 8276: 8272:ɣa-y-ttexleʕ 8271: 8266: 8262:ka-y-ttexleʕ 8261: 8256: 8251: 8246: 8241: 8226: 8219: 8217: 8210: 8208: 8201: 8200: 8188: 8183: 8176: 8174: 8167: 8165: 8158: 8156: 8149: 8147: 8140: 8139: 8132: 8131: 8126: 8121: 8102: 8100: 8093: 8091: 8084: 8082: 8075: 8073: 8066: 8065: 8058: 8057: 8052: 8047: 7980: 7978: 7960: 7958: 7952:ɣa-t-sˤaferˤ 7951: 7947:ka-t-sˤaferˤ 7946: 7941: 7936: 7922: 7918:ɣa-y-sˤaferˤ 7917: 7912: 7908:ka-y-sˤaferˤ 7907: 7902: 7897: 7892: 7887: 7872: 7867: 7862: 7857: 7845: 7840: 7835: 7831:ɣa-t-sˤaferˤ 7830: 7825: 7821:ka-t-sˤaferˤ 7820: 7815: 7810: 7805: 7800: 7783: 7779:ɣa-n-sˤaferˤ 7778: 7773: 7769:ka-n-sˤaferˤ 7768: 7763: 7758: 7753: 7748: 7681: 7679: 7667: 7666: 7661: 7660: 7655: 7654: 7649: 7648: 7636: 7634: 7625: 7623: 7616: 7614: 7609: 7603: 7602: 7586: 7584: 7577: 7575: 7568: 7566: 7559: 7557: 7552: 7547: 7541: 7540: 7535: 7519: 7518: 7511: 7509: 7502: 7500: 7495: 7482: 7481: 7476: 7469: 7467: 7460: 7458: 7451: 7449: 7442: 7440: 7435: 7430: 7425: 7420: 7404:ɣa-n-beddl-u 7403: 7398: 7394:ka-n-beddl-u 7393: 7388: 7383: 7378: 7373: 7368: 7301: 7299: 7286: 7284: 7278: 7276: 7270: 7268: 7263: 7250:ɣa-y-xerˤʒ-u 7249: 7243: 7241: 7237:ka-y-xerˤʒ-u 7236: 7230: 7228: 7223: 7217: 7215: 7210: 7205: 7190: 7186:ɣa-t-xerˤʒ-i 7185: 7181:ka-t-xerˤʒ-i 7180: 7175: 7163: 7157: 7156: 7152:ɣa-t-xerˤʒ-u 7151: 7145: 7143: 7139:ka-t-xerˤʒ-u 7138: 7132: 7130: 7125: 7119: 7117: 7112: 7107: 7091:ɣa-n-xerˤʒ-u 7090: 7084: 7082: 7078:ka-n-xerˤʒ-u 7077: 7071: 7069: 7064: 7058: 7056: 7051: 7046: 6980:xrˤeʒ/yxrˤoʒ 6979: 6977: 6966: 6959: 6952: 6946: 6937: 6928: 6915: 6913: 6904: 6902: 6895: 6893: 6886: 6885: 6880: 6866: 6861: 6856: 6851: 6846: 6841: 6836: 6831: 6816: 6811: 6806: 6801: 6789: 6784: 6779: 6772: 6770: 6765: 6758: 6756: 6751: 6744: 6743: 6738: 6733: 6716: 6709: 6707: 6702: 6695: 6693: 6688: 6681: 6680: 6675: 6670: 6605: 6593: 6588: 6578: 6573: 6563: 6558: 6553: 6545:Verbal Noun 6527: 6525: 6513: 6501: 6494: 6489: 6484: 6477: 6476: 6462: 6457: 6452: 6447: 6440: 6438: 6433: 6426: 6425: 6420: 6403: 6402: 6397: 6392: 6385: 6384: 6370: 6369: 6364: 6359: 6354: 6349: 6344: 6337: 6336: 6331: 6326: 6321: 6304: 6299: 6294: 6289: 6282: 6281: 6276: 6271: 6266: 6199: 6197: 6178: 6174: 6170: 6158: 6154: 6149: 6143: 6135:trula/ytruli 6134: 6125:"be locked" 6122: 6118: 6113: 6107: 6099:ttira/yttiri 6098: 6086: 6082: 6077: 6071: 6059: 6047: 6043: 6038: 6032: 6020: 6017:fanta/yfanti 6016: 6012: 6000: 5996: 5991: 5985: 5976: 5970:FuTit, FuTa 5965:suret/ysuret 5964: 5961:suger/ysuger 5960: 5955: 5949: 5940: 5934:FiTit, FiTa 5929:ritel/yritel 5928: 5924: 5919: 5913: 5901: 5889: 5885: 5881: 5876: 5870: 5856: 5852: 5839: 5824: 5812: 5807: 5801: 5786: 5783:ħmarˤ/yħmarˤ 5782: 5766:htemm/yhtemm 5765: 5753: 5750:xtarˤ/yxtarˤ 5749: 5728: 5724: 5719: 5713: 5701: 5697: 5692: 5686: 5677:tħama/ytħama 5676: 5672: 5663:"cooperate" 5660: 5655: 5649: 5637: 5625: 5620: 5614: 5603: 5601: 5595: 5586: 5581: 5575: 5563: 5551: 5546: 5540: 5531:"get loose" 5528: 5516:ddxel/yddxol 5515: 5510: 5504:"be closed" 5501: 5490:ttbaʕ/yttbaʕ 5489: 5477: 5473: 5461: 5456: 5450: 5438: 5433: 5427: 5417: 5414:qadˤa/yqadˤi 5413: 5407:FaMit, FaMa 5401: 5396: 5390: 5379:qiyya/yqiyyi 5378: 5366: 5361: 5355: 5347:luwwa/yluwwi 5346: 5334: 5329: 5323: 5312:werra/ywerri 5311: 5299: 5294: 5288: 5272: 5270: 5264: 5262: 5256: 5239: 5235: 5226: 5213: 5201: 5197: 5188: 5179: 5175: 5170: 5164:"hand over" 5161: 5157: 5145: 5141: 5129: 5125: 5114:ʃrˤeb/yʃrˤeb 5113: 5109: 5104: 5098: 5028: 5024: 4944: 4941: 4926: 4925: 4919: 4911: 4898: 4887: 4886: 4873: 4872: 4866: 4858: 4848: 4832: 4821: 4820: 4807: 4796: 4795: 4782: 4781: 4775: 4767: 4761: 4753: 4737: 4726: 4725: 4712: 4711: 4705: 4697: 4691: 4683: 4609: 4605: 4584: 4570: 4566: 4559: 4551: 4546: 4542: 4534: 4530: 4522: 4518: 4514: 4510: 4506: 4502: 4500: 4495: 4490: 4486: 4482: 4477: 4474:kateb/ykateb 4473: 4469: 4465: 4446:derivational 4445: 4443: 4438: 4434: 4430: 4426: 4422: 4418: 4414: 4398:lexical verb 4395: 4371: 4361: 4354: 4350: 4346: 4342: 4338: 4336: 4331: 4327: 4323: 4319: 4315: 4313: 4308: 4304: 4300: 4296: 4294: 4288: 4285: 4282: 4276: 4270: 4264: 4257: 4253: 4249: 4245: 4243: 4220: 4179: 4174: 4170: 4166: 4162: 4158: 4154: 4152: 4145:"he writes" 4136:/ma-kteb-ʃi/ 4113: 4097: 4096: 4091: 4090: 4085: 4084: 4081: 4077:bġit te-kteb 4076: 4073:bġit ne-kteb 4072: 4071:is removed ( 4068: 4066: 4061: 4057: 4053: 4049: 4045: 4041: 4037: 4035: 4032:Other tenses 4025: 4021: 4017: 4013: 4009: 4005: 4001: 3997: 3993: 3989: 3985: 3983: 3978: 3974: 3970: 3966: 3962: 3960: 3955: 3951: 3947: 3943: 3939: 3935: 3931: 3929: 3925: 3923: 3919: 3917: 3913: 3911: 3907: 3905: 3901: 3899: 3895: 3893: 3889: 3887: 3883: 3881: 3876: 3874: 3864: 3860: 3856: 3854: 3850: 3849:They wrote: 3848: 3844: 3840: 3838: 3834: 3832: 3828: 3826: 3821: 3819: 3814: 3810: 3806: 3804: 3800: 3798: 3793: 3791: 3781: 3779: 3776: 3773:Introduction 3756:msa lkheir. 3748: 3735: 3727:بشحال هادا؟ 3722: 3709: 3696: 3691:ma fhamtch. 3683: 3670: 3657: 3644: 3631: 3618: 3605: 3592: 3579: 3516:fayn machi? 3486:/ mnin nti? 3447:faš texdem? 3354:metšaṛṛfin 3334:كل شي مليح؟ 3249:sana saʿida 3076: 3070: 3064: 3041: 3033: 3025: 3016: 3007: 3001: 2995: 2989: 2983: 2977: 2971: 2967: 2957: 2955: 2928: 2922: 2916: 2910: 2904: 2898: 2892: 2886: 2880: 2874: 2868: 2857: 2832: 2821: 2816:ordinatūr/pc 2815: 2809: 2803: 2797: 2791: 2785: 2781: 2775: 2769: 2763: 2757: 2751: 2745: 2739: 2733: 2729: 2723: 2717: 2706: 2693: 2687: 2681: 2675: 2669: 2663: 2657: 2651: 2645: 2639: 2633: 2627: 2621: 2615: 2609: 2603: 2597: 2591: 2579: 2573: 2567: 2561: 2555: 2548: 2542: 2536: 2530: 2524: 2518: 2512: 2506: 2500: 2494: 2488: 2482: 2476: 2470: 2464: 2458: 2452: 2446: 2440: 2434: 2428: 2422: 2400: 2391: 2368: 2347: 2341: 2331: 2326: 2321: 2317: 2313: 2309: 2301: 2297: 2293: 2291: 2268: 2252: 2237: 2218: 2197: 2193:Khbar Bladna 2178: 2172: 2167:Latin system 2152: 2139:campaign on 2130: 2125: 2120: 2109: 2085: 2073: 1750: 1233: 1215: 1160: 1077: 1030: 950: 839: 817: 811:October 2022 808: 793:Please help 781: 729:: spoken in 675: 661: 558: 548: 527:pre-Hilalian 524: 482: 413: 374: 373: 315: 285: 199: 180:West Semitic 170:Afro-Asiatic 76: 63: 54:You can help 44: 14441:Niger-Congo 14376:Tawellemmet 13804:Undescribed 13631:Hilal-Mâqil 13329:Jawi script 13301:Calligraphy 13230:Linguistics 13155:Gulf Pidgin 13071:Judeo-Iraqi 13012:Kashkadarya 12868:Judeo-Iraqi 12793:Palestinian 12704:Nile Valley 12366:Pre-Islamic 12078:Dagger alif 11187:is extinct. 11123:D. Caubet, 11093:"RGPH 2014" 10768:countries. 10677:, practice 10305:Imperative 10290:Tense/Mood 10059:ɣa-y-ħebb-u 10049:ka-y-ħebb-u 10004:ɣa-t-ħebb-i 9999:ka-t-ħebb-i 9972:ɣa-t-ħebb-u 9962:ka-t-ħebb-u 9914:ɣa-n-ħebb-u 9904:ka-n-ħebb-u 9829:Imperative 9814:Tense/Mood 9794:ɣabb/yiħebb 9514:Imperative 9499:Tense/Mood 9188:Imperative 9173:Tense/Mood 9067:"fulfill"; 8987:ɣa-y-rˤmi-w 8977:ka-y-rˤmi-w 8781:Imperative 8766:Tense/Mood 8362:Imperative 8347:Tense/Mood 8127:ttexleʕ-tiw 8004:Imperative 7989:Tense/Mood 7806:sˤaferˤ-tiw 7705:Imperative 7690:Tense/Mood 7399:ɣa-n-beddel 7389:ka-n-beddel 7325:Imperative 7310:Tense/Mood 7003:Imperative 6988:Tense/Mood 6867:ɣa-y-dekr-u 6857:ka-y-dekr-u 6812:ɣa-d-dekr-i 6807:ka-d-dekr-i 6780:ɣa-d-dekr-u 6766:ka-d-dekr-u 6717:ɣa-n-dekr-u 6703:ka-n-dekr-u 6627:Imperative 6612:Tense/Mood 6463:ɣa-y-ketb-u 6453:ka-y-ketb-u 6398:ɣa-t-ketb-i 6393:ka-t-ketb-i 6360:ɣa-t-ketb-u 6350:ka-t-ketb-u 6305:ɣa-n-ketb-u 6295:ka-n-ketb-u 6223:Imperative 6208:Tense/Mood 6085:"be sent", 6062:"be asked" 5727:"respect", 5691:ytFaM(e)M, 5566:"be shown" 5369:"indicate" 5337:"frighten" 5029:dˤaʕ/yidˤiʕ 4652:Tense/Mood 4402:subjunctive 4248:"nothing", 4223:/ma-...-ʃi/ 4143:/ka-j-kteb/ 4134:"he wrote" 4116:/ma-...-ʃi/ 4060:(north) or 3934:turns into 3926:ka-y-ketb-u 3920:ka-t-ketb-u 3914:ka-n-ketb-u 3896:ka-t-ketb-i 3859:turns into 3805:You wrote: 3753:.مسا الخير 3593:Yes please. 3518:(masculine) 3513:fin ġhadi? 3497:(masculine) 3495:min ntaya? 3484:(masculine) 3449:(masculine) 3438:(masculine) 3419:شكراً بزاف 3402:تهلا فراسك 3396:تهلا فراسك 3302:(masculine) 3197:Good night 3026:ḍ ḷ ṛ ṣ ṭ ẓ 2837:brought by 2696:: hard work 2612:: tasteless 2465:bagra/baqra 2289:loanwords. 2248:Arabisation 2150:in Darija. 1953:(sometimes 1936:Chefchaouen 1761:affrication 1701:Approximant 1205:"student" ( 1195:/dˤrb-at-u/ 841:Monophthong 596:Chefchaouen 551:Arabization 330:instead of 14602:Categories 14535:Phoenician 14514:Historical 13963:Vernacular 13216:Literature 12889:Peninsular 12829:Khuzestani 12559:(Mountain) 12479:Australian 12388:Old Arabic 12038:Diacritics 11965:Numerology 11012:1226918654 10937:Ethnologue 10915:References 10826:newspapers 10820:Newspapers 10804:سعد البلدة 10798:عكاز الريح 10743:al-Mala'ba 10729:Literature 10535:ɣa-ya-kl-u 10525:ka-ya-kl-u 10480:ɣa-ta-kl-i 10475:ka-ta-kl-i 10448:ɣa-ta-kl-u 10438:ka-ta-kl-u 10390:ɣa-na-kl-u 10380:ka-na-kl-u 10202:dawa/ydawi 10183:"exploit". 10177:ħebb/yħebb 10163:ħebb/yħebb 10153:ħebb/yħebb 10138:ħebb/yħebb 10120:koħħ/ykoħħ 9806:ħebb/yħebb 9744:ɣa-y-ʃuf-u 9734:ka-y-ʃuf-u 9689:ɣa-t-ʃuf-i 9684:ka-t-ʃuf-i 9657:ɣa-t-ʃuf-u 9647:ka-t-ʃuf-u 9599:ɣa-n-ʃuf-u 9589:ka-n-ʃuf-u 9418:ɣa-y-biʕ-u 9408:ka-y-biʕ-u 9363:ɣa-t-biʕ-i 9358:ka-t-biʕ-i 9331:ɣa-t-biʕ-u 9321:ka-t-biʕ-u 9273:ɣa-n-biʕ-u 9263:ka-n-biʕ-u 9080:dawa/ydawi 9078:"finish"; 9074:Form III: 9059:Examples: 9016:ɣa-te-rˤmi 9011:ka-te-rˤmi 8912:ɣa-te-rˤmi 8900:ka-te-rˤmi 8855:ɣa-ne-rˤmi 8845:ka-ne-rˤmi 8758:rˤma/yrˤmi 8257:y-ttxelʕ-u 8122:ttexleʕ-ti 8053:ttexleʕ-na 7903:y-sˤafrˤ-u 7858:t-sˤafrˤ-i 7816:t-sˤafrˤ-u 7764:n-sˤafrˤ-u 7754:sˤaferˤ-na 7426:beddel-tiw 6947:Examples: 6938:optionally 6916:kteb/ykteb 6550:Masc. Sg. 6528:kteb/ykteb 6495:ɣa-te-kteb 6490:ka-te-kteb 6355:ɣa-te-kteb 6345:ka-te-kteb 6300:ɣa-ne-kteb 6290:ka-ne-kteb 6200:kteb/ykteb 6148:ytFiSTeL, 6101:"be shot" 6037:ytFeSTeL, 5997:birˤʒez??? 5977:rula/yruli 5963:"insure", 5941:tira/ytiri 5931:"pillage" 5842:"exploit" 5806:ysteFMeL, 5787:sman/ysman 5754:ħtaʒ/yħtaʒ 5752:"choose", 5619:ytFiyyeL, 5580:ytFuwweL, 5545:ytFeMMeL, 5509:ytteFMoL, 5492:"be sold" 5455:ytteFMeL, 5432:yFaM(e)M, 5418:sawa/ysawi 5253:FoLt, FaL 5214:koħħ/ykoħħ 5180:sken/yskon 5176:dxel/ydxol 5162:medd/ymedd 5158:ʃedd/yʃedd 5135:FeLt, FaL 5126:rˤma/yrˤmi 5119:FMit, FMa 5110:kteb/ykteb 4466:kteb/ykteb 4419:kteb/ykteb 4411:infinitive 4406:imperative 4347:ta-ne-kteb 4316:ka-de-kteb 4295:Note that 4165:"not" and 4155:ne ... pas 4124:/ma-...-ʃ/ 4058:ġad-ketb-u 4054:ġa-ne-kteb 3994:ta-ne-kteb 3963:ka-de-kteb 3908:ka-te-kteb 3902:ka-ye-kteb 3890:ka-te-kteb 3884:ka-ne-kteb 3833:We wrote: 3788:Past tense 3688:.ما فهمتش 3626:shoukran. 3619:Thank you. 3597:.وخا شكرا 3522:(feminine) 3510:فين غادي؟ 3501:(feminine) 3488:(feminine) 3482:mnin nta? 3479:منين نتا؟ 3453:(feminine) 3442:(feminine) 3393:Take care 3365:la šukran 3359:No thanks 3310:kif ntin? 3306:(feminine) 3246:سنة سعيدة 3175:Good luck 3170:smaḥ-liya 3164:smaḥ-liya 3152:Excuse me 3038:affricated 2732:: radio , 2594:: carrots 2378:improve it 2233:substratum 2215:Substrates 2210:Vocabulary 2034:/zudʒaːdʒ/ 1971:/dʒazzaːr/ 1908:Casablanca 1273:Pharyngeal 1228:Consonants 1189:"stairs" ( 1187:/dˤrˤʒ-at/ 1179:/tˤʃaʃ-at/ 1102:appear as 1043:and allow 756:Mauritania 671:Banu Hilal 533:dialects. 462:Casablanca 434:vernacular 428:), is the 14399:Tetserret 14208:Hassānīya 13986:Classical 13701:Tashelhit 13649:Hassaniya 13506:varieties 13498:indicate 13413:Technical 13384:Shahmukhi 13339:Kairouani 13237:Phonology 13016:Khorasani 13006:Bakhtiari 12858:Anatolian 12788:Jordanian 12768:Damascene 12731:Levantine 12643:Hassaniya 12484:Cottenera 12419:Classical 12358:Varieties 11936:Overviews 11528:utalk.com 11339:213996367 11020:cite book 10830:education 10773:rap music 10603:, mainly 10595:Evolution 10564:ɣa-ta-kol 10559:ka-ta-kol 10530:ɣa-ya-kol 10520:ka-ya-kol 10495:masculine 10443:ɣa-ta-kol 10433:ka-ta-kol 10402:masculine 10385:ɣa-na-kol 10375:ka-na-kol 10337:Singular 10331:Singular 10325:Singular 10319:Singular 10313:Singular 10273:xad/yaxod 10269:xda/yaxod 10265:kal/yakol 10261:kla/yakol 10206:walā/yalī 10122:"cough". 10088:ɣa-t-ħebb 10083:ka-t-ħebb 10054:ɣa-y-ħebb 10044:ka-y-ħebb 10019:masculine 9967:ɣa-t-ħebb 9957:ka-t-ħebb 9926:masculine 9909:ɣa-n-ħebb 9899:ka-n-ħebb 9861:Singular 9855:Singular 9849:Singular 9843:Singular 9837:Singular 9804:Example: 9704:masculine 9611:masculine 9546:Singular 9540:Singular 9534:Singular 9528:Singular 9522:Singular 9489:Example: 9378:masculine 9285:masculine 9220:Singular 9214:Singular 9208:Singular 9202:Singular 9196:Singular 9163:Example: 9124:"enjoy", 9063:Form II: 8982:ɣa-y-rˤmi 8972:ka-y-rˤmi 8947:masculine 8894:te-rˤmi-w 8872:masculine 8840:ne-rˤmi-w 8813:Singular 8807:Singular 8801:Singular 8795:Singular 8789:Singular 8756:Example: 8671:ɣa-te-nsa 8666:ka-te-nsa 8585:masculine 8564:ɣa-te-nsa 8556:ka-te-nsa 8520:ɣa-te-nsa 8515:ɣa-te-nsa 8507:ka-te-nsa 8502:ka-te-nsa 8468:masculine 8453:ɣa-ne-nsa 8448:ɣa-ne-nsa 8440:ka-ne-nsa 8435:ka-ne-nsa 8394:Singular 8388:Singular 8382:Singular 8376:Singular 8370:Singular 8341:"forget" 8337:Example: 8291:ttxelʕ-et 8252:y-ttexleʕ 8237:masculine 8117:masculine 8048:ttexleʕ-t 8036:Singular 8030:Singular 8024:Singular 8018:Singular 8012:Singular 7979:Example: 7942:t-sˤaferˤ 7937:sˤafrˤ-et 7898:y-sˤaferˤ 7883:masculine 7811:t-sˤaferˤ 7801:sˤaferˤ-t 7796:masculine 7759:n-sˤaferˤ 7749:sˤaferˤ-t 7737:Singular 7731:Singular 7725:Singular 7719:Singular 7713:Singular 7684:"travel" 7680:Example: 7650:beddel-et 7553:y-beddl-u 7531:masculine 7496:t-beddl-i 7436:t-beddl-u 7421:beddel-ti 7416:masculine 7384:n-beddl-u 7374:beddel-na 7357:Singular 7351:Singular 7345:Singular 7339:Singular 7333:Singular 7304:"change" 7300:Example: 7224:y-xerˤʒ-u 7201:masculine 7176:t-xerˤʒ-i 7126:t-xerˤʒ-u 7113:xrˤeʒ-tiw 7103:masculine 7065:n-xerˤʒ-u 7035:Singular 7029:Singular 7023:Singular 7017:Singular 7011:Singular 6982:"go out" 6978:Example: 6862:ɣa-y-dker 6852:ka-y-dker 6827:masculine 6729:masculine 6659:Singular 6653:Singular 6647:Singular 6641:Singular 6635:Singular 6594:mektub-in 6570:Fem. Sg. 6526:Example: 6458:ɣa-y-kteb 6448:ka-y-kteb 6416:masculine 6317:masculine 6255:Singular 6249:Singular 6243:Singular 6237:Singular 6231:Singular 6198:Example: 6167:ytF...Ta 6142:tFiSTeL; 6112:ytFuTeL, 6076:ytFiTeL, 6031:tFeSTeL; 6028:Iqa(IIq) 6001:biznes??? 5990:yFiSTeL, 5875:yFeSTeL, 5859:"resign" 5827:"invite" 5800:steFMeL; 5731:"invent" 5718:yFtaMeL, 5654:ytFaMeL, 5645:IIIa(VI) 5613:tFiyyeL; 5574:tFuwweL; 5539:tFeMMeL; 5449:tteFMeL; 5446:Ia(VIIt) 5404:"travel" 5360:yFiyyeL, 5328:yFuwweL, 5302:"change" 5293:yFeMMeL, 5238:"sleep", 5191:"forget" 5182:"reside" 5178:"enter", 5160:"close", 5128:"throw", 5112:"write", 5086:Non-Past 5077:Non-Past 5068:Non-Past 5059:Non-Past 4844:masculine 4749:masculine 4672:Singular 4666:Singular 4658:Non-Past 4462:reflexive 4454:intensive 4450:causative 4391:reflexive 4383:intensive 4379:causative 4368:In detail 4254:ḥta waḥed 4157:in which 4141:Present: 4028:, etc.). 3940:inversion 3930:The stem 3865:inversion 3855:The stem 3799:I wrote: 3704:smeh li. 3362:لا شكراً 3238:be-slama 3235:be-slama 3229:بالسلامة 3226:بالسلامة 3161:سمح لِيَ 3040:, unlike 2929:karratera 2782:parisiana 2394:June 2023 2382:verifying 2088:diglossic 2075:El Horria 1988:Original 1985:dialects. 1949:, but as 1941:Original 1924:Marrakech 1894:Original 1820:/mˤmˤʷək/ 1486:voiceless 1480:Fricative 1363:voiceless 1167:/bidˤ-at/ 1156:loanwords 1152:Marrakech 1092:/aː/,/iː/ 1069:/asˤħaːb/ 1049:/aqsˤarˤ/ 782:does not 763:Phonology 620:Marrakesh 474:Marrakesh 430:dialectal 388:romanized 368:Marrakech 287:Glottolog 271:ISO 639-3 123:Ethnicity 66:June 2017 58:talk page 14527:Numidian 14426:Korandje 14371:Tamashek 14277:Northern 14252:Ghadamès 14110:Hilalian 14097:Tunisian 14083:Moroccan 14069:Mountain 13979:Literary 13906:Moriscos 13744:Tabeldit 13616:Northern 13517:Category 13369:Nastaliq 13359:Muhaqqaq 13349:Maghrebi 13209:Academic 13149:Bimbashi 13105:Tunisene 13076:Baghdadi 13024:Shirvani 12964:Hadhrami 12922:Bahraini 12873:Baghdadi 12824:Baghdadi 12763:Aleppine 12753:Lebanese 12748:Cilician 12721:Sudanese 12711:Egyptian 12592:Hilalian 12550:Western 12528:Eastern 12525:Village 12504:Żurrieqi 12468:Sicilian 12461:Andalusi 12443:Maghrebi 12412:Literary 12064:(tanwin) 12062:Nunation 11948:Alphabet 11943:Language 11930:language 11591:11 March 11277:Archived 11185:Azemmour 11167:Archived 11128:Archived 10868:See also 10792:تاعروروت 10749:period. 10638:, using 10544:feminine 10465:feminine 10221:dda/yddi 10194:ħya/yħya 10111:, e.g. * 10097:baʕ/ybiʕ 10068:feminine 10039:y-ħebb-u 9994:t-ħebb-i 9989:feminine 9952:t-ħebb-u 9894:n-ħebb-u 9782:baʕ/ybiʕ 9773:ɣa-t-ʃuf 9768:ka-t-ʃuf 9753:feminine 9739:ɣa-y-ʃuf 9729:ka-y-ʃuf 9674:feminine 9652:ɣa-t-ʃuf 9642:ka-t-ʃuf 9594:ɣa-n-ʃuf 9584:ka-n-ʃuf 9491:ʃaf/yʃuf 9447:ɣa-t-biʕ 9442:ka-t-biʕ 9427:feminine 9413:ɣa-y-biʕ 9403:ka-y-biʕ 9348:feminine 9326:ɣa-t-biʕ 9316:ka-t-biʕ 9268:ɣa-n-biʕ 9258:ka-n-biʕ 9165:baʕ/ybiʕ 9132:"resign" 9112:Form X: 9025:nsa/ynsa 8996:feminine 8967:y-rˤmi-w 8937:feminine 8882:rˤmi-tiw 8760:"throw" 8741:becomes 8730:becomes 8719:becomes 8648:feminine 8636:ɣa-y-nsa 8631:ɣa-y-nsa 8623:ka-y-nsa 8618:ka-y-nsa 8543:feminine 8339:nsa/ynsa 8286:feminine 8247:ttxelʕ-u 8227:ttxelʕ-i 8222:ttxelʕ-i 8213:ttxelʕ-i 8204:ttxelʕ-i 8196:feminine 8189:ttxelʕ-u 8179:ttxelʕ-u 8161:ttxelʕ-u 8143:ttxelʕ-u 8105:ttxelʕ-u 8087:ttxelʕ-u 8069:ttxelʕ-u 7932:feminine 7893:sˤafrˤ-u 7873:sˤafrˤ-i 7853:feminine 7846:sˤafrˤ-u 7656:beddel-u 7610:t-beddel 7604:beddl-et 7598:feminine 7548:y-beddel 7491:feminine 7431:t-beddel 7379:n-beddel 7369:beddel-t 7264:xerˤʒ-et 7259:feminine 7171:feminine 7108:xrˤeʒ-ti 7052:xrˤeʒ-na 6962:reside". 6955:accuse". 6876:feminine 6847:y-dekr-u 6802:d-dekr-i 6797:feminine 6752:d-dekr-u 6739:dker-tiw 6689:n-dekr-u 6579:mektub-a 6472:feminine 6380:feminine 6327:kteb-tiw 6202:"write" 6155:tbirˤʒez 6150:ytFiSTLu 6106:tFuTeL; 6070:tFiTeL; 6056:ytFeSTa 6039:ytFeSTLu 6023:"pedal" 6009:yF...Ti 5984:FiSTeL; 5954:yFuTeL, 5943:"shoot" 5927:"send", 5918:yFiTeL, 5869:FeSTeL; 5849:ysteFMa 5836:ystFeMM 5821:ysteFMi 5808:ysteFMLu 5712:FtaMeL; 5648:tFaMeL; 5634:ytFiyya 5621:ytFiyyLu 5582:ytFuwwLu 5560:ytFeMMa 5547:ytFeMMLu 5525:yttFoMM 5511:yttFeMLu 5498:yttFeMM 5470:ytteFMa 5457:yttFeMLu 5395:yFaMeL, 5354:FiyyeL; 5349:"twist" 5322:FuwweL; 5287:FeMMeL; 5240:ban/yban 5236:xaf/yxaf 5229:"crawl" 5227:ħba/yħbu 5216:"cough" 5202:daz/yduz 5198:ʃaf/yʃuf 5189:nsa/ynsa 5148:"bring" 5146:ʒab/yʒib 5144:"sell", 5142:baʕ/ybiʕ 5130:ʃra/yʃri 5116:"drink" 5089:Example 5080:Example 5071:Example 5062:Example 5051:Doubled 4907:feminine 4816:feminine 4496:žab/yžib 4487:ṛma/yṛmi 4478:weakness 4250:ḥta ḥaja 4104:Negation 3845:kteb-tiu 3736:Welcome! 3701:.سمح لي 3568:English 3351:متشرفين 3320:ki rak? 3297:كي راك؟ 3280:لا باس؟ 3220:Goodbye 3167:smaḥ-li 3155:سمح ليَ 3095:la bas? 3086:لا باس؟ 3051:English 2899:karrossa 2839:Moriscos 2824:: police 2764:portable 2684:: letter 2660:: insect 2308:such as 2259:Moriscos 2144:Ifriqiya 2135:, about 2102:, using 2028:"pair", 1983:Algerian 1963:/dʒalas/ 1816:/mˤmˤʷ-/ 1303:emphatic 1291:emphatic 1253:Alveolar 1203:/tˤalib/ 1169:"eggs" ( 1057:/atˤlaʕ/ 1053:/qsˤərˤ/ 735:Oriental 693:Doukkala 531:Hilalian 498:Dialects 425:الداريجة 336:Help:IPA 294:moro1292 219:Dialects 195:Maghrebi 141:Speakers 127:Moroccan 14549:Romance 14498:Haketia 14492:Spanish 14487:Italian 14474:Romance 14464:Bambara 14454:Soninké 14366:Tamahaq 14331:Shawiya 14324:Riffian 14304:Zenatic 14234:Eastern 14041:Sfaxian 13996:Maltese 13956:Maghreb 13913:Extinct 13847:English 13842:Spanish 13795:Spanish 13790:Haketia 13777:Western 13768:Romance 13739:Tarifit 13716:Ghomara 13644:Eastern 13639:Western 13496:Italics 13404:Thuluth 13269:Grammar 13140:pidgins 13135:Creoles 13124:Sanʽani 13009:Bukhara 12969:Sanʽani 12932:Kuwaiti 12927:Emirati 12912:Dhofari 12897:Bahrani 12863:Cypriot 12851:(Qeltu) 12678:Sulaym 12665:Western 12660:Eastern 12538:Sfaxian 12534:(Sahel) 12489:Gozitan 12474:Maltese 12094:Letters 12068:Shaddah 12057:Harakat 12052:Tashkil 11980:Scripts 11953:History 11661:11 July 11617:2 March 11533:9 April 11401:8 April 10909:Tetuani 10840:Nichane 10835:Telquel 10766:Maghreb 10747:Marinid 10715:Melilla 10699:Spanish 10691:Tangier 10687:Tetouan 10621:Spanish 10515:ya-kl-u 10470:ta-kl-i 10428:ta-kl-u 10370:na-kl-u 10340:Plural 10334:Plural 10328:Plural 10322:Plural 10316:Plural 10310:Person 10302:Future 10245:(sg.), 10113:ħabáb-t 10073:ħebb-et 9864:Plural 9858:Plural 9852:Plural 9846:Plural 9840:Plural 9834:Person 9826:Future 9808:"love" 9724:y-ʃuf-u 9679:t-ʃuf-i 9637:t-ʃuf-u 9579:n-ʃuf-u 9549:Plural 9543:Plural 9537:Plural 9531:Plural 9525:Plural 9519:Person 9511:Future 9398:y-biʕ-u 9353:t-biʕ-i 9311:t-biʕ-u 9253:n-biʕ-u 9223:Plural 9217:Plural 9211:Plural 9205:Plural 9199:Plural 9193:Person 9185:Future 9167:"sell" 9006:te-rˤmi 8888:te-rˤmi 8877:rˤmi-ti 8835:ne-rˤmi 8830:rˤmi-na 8816:Plural 8810:Plural 8804:Plural 8798:Plural 8792:Plural 8786:Person 8778:Future 8715:Plural 8397:Plural 8391:Plural 8385:Plural 8379:Plural 8373:Plural 8367:Person 8359:Future 8317:ttexleʕ 8308:ttexleʕ 8299:ttexleʕ 8242:ttexleʕ 8184:ttexleʕ 8170:ttexleʕ 8152:ttexleʕ 8135:ttexleʕ 8096:ttexleʕ 8078:ttexleʕ 8061:ttexleʕ 8039:Plural 8033:Plural 8027:Plural 8021:Plural 8015:Plural 8009:Person 8001:Future 7888:sˤaferˤ 7841:sˤaferˤ 7740:Plural 7734:Plural 7728:Plural 7722:Plural 7716:Plural 7710:Person 7702:Future 7662:dexl-et 7589:beddl-u 7571:beddl-u 7542:beddl-u 7520:beddl-i 7514:beddl-i 7505:beddl-i 7483:beddl-u 7472:beddl-u 7454:beddl-u 7360:Plural 7354:Plural 7348:Plural 7342:Plural 7336:Plural 7330:Person 7322:Future 7211:xerˤʒ-u 7191:xerˤʒ-i 7164:xerˤʒ-u 7047:xrˤeʒ-t 7038:Plural 7032:Plural 7026:Plural 7020:Plural 7014:Plural 7008:Person 7000:Future 6881:dekr-et 6734:dker-ti 6676:dker-na 6662:Plural 6656:Plural 6650:Plural 6644:Plural 6638:Plural 6632:Person 6624:Future 6589:katb-in 6514:removal 6485:te-kteb 6332:te-kteb 6322:kteb-ti 6277:ne-kteb 6272:kteb-na 6258:Plural 6252:Plural 6246:Plural 6240:Plural 6234:Plural 6228:Person 6220:Future 6159:tbiznes 6144:tFiSTLu 6131:ytFuTa 6114:ytFuTLu 6095:ytFiTa 6078:ytFiTLu 6033:tFeSTLu 5992:yFiSTLu 5967:"lock" 5948:FuTeL; 5912:FiTeL; 5898:yFeSTi 5877:yFeSTLu 5802:steFMLu 5762:yFteMM 5756:"need" 5737:yFtaMi 5720:yFtaMLu 5693:ytFaMMu 5669:ytFaMa 5656:ytFaMLu 5615:tFiyyLu 5602:tluwwa/ 5576:tFuwwLu 5541:tFeMMLu 5536:IIa(V) 5486:yttFaL 5451:ttFeMLu 5389:FaMeL; 5375:yFiyyi 5362:yFiyyLu 5343:yFuwwi 5330:yFuwwLu 5314:"show" 5308:yFeMMi 5295:yFeMMLu 5269:"say", 5242:"seem" 5204:"pass" 5200:"see", 5169:yFMoL, 5103:yFMeL, 5048:Hollow 5042:Strong 5017:) stem. 4945:Notes: 4675:Plural 4669:Plural 4663:Person 4519:yxuwwef 4458:passive 4387:passive 4324:de-kteb 4038:ka-/ta- 4022:te-kteb 4018:ne-kteb 3971:de-kteb 3841:kteb-tu 3835:kteb-na 3829:ketb-et 3815:kteb-ti 3807:kteb-ti 3763:Grammar 3743:tfdel! 3740:!تفضّل 3623:.شكراً 3408:tḥălla 3370:Please 3312:(Jebli) 3158:سمح لي 3036:is not 2992:= /x ɣ/ 2923:elmaryo 2804:serbita 2788:, stick 2770:tilifūn 2724:telfaza 2690:: hurry 2676:Tammara 2670:Tabrori 2634:Sebniya 2598:Tekšita 2376:Please 2287:Spanish 2271:Semitic 2191:), and 2064:Writing 2026:/zawdʒ/ 1979:/dʒuːz/ 1967:/ɡzzar/ 1932:Tetouan 1928:Tangier 1745: 1695: 1653: 1611: 1474: 1357:Plosive 1351: 1278:Glottal 1258:Palatal 1240: 1073:/sˤħab/ 1065:/tˤləʕ/ 1061:/tˤlaʕ/ 865:Central 803:removed 788:sources 705:Chaouia 637:Zerhoun 632:people. 608:Larache 600:Tangier 588:Tétouan 560:zaouias 555:Maghreb 470:Tangier 419:الدارجة 401: 390:: 332:Unicode 175:Semitic 117:Morocco 14482:French 14459:Pulaar 14404:Zenaga 14381:Tayart 14358:Tuareg 14296:Kabyle 14262:Nafusi 14247:Fezzan 14242:Awjila 14225:Berber 14118:Sulaym 14077:Jewish 13971:Arabic 13870:Hebrew 13865:Arabic 13837:French 13731:Zenati 13721:Gharbi 13679:Berber 13665:Darija 13599:Arabic 13580:Arabic 13575:Berber 13319:Diwani 13306:Script 13264:(case) 13261:ʾIʿrāb 13247:Tajwid 13192:Bongor 13171:Maridi 13121:Habban 12995:Others 12979:Tihami 12959:Yemeni 12954:Shihhi 12939:Hejazi 12907:Bedawi 12902:Bareqi 12758:Syrian 12716:Saʽidi 12648:Nemadi 12634:Maqil 12532:Sahili 12499:Żejtun 12435:spoken 12433:Modern 11928:Arabic 11782:’, in 11750:’, in 11471: 11426: 11337: 11327: 11212: 11077:4 June 11049: 11010: 11000: 10967: 10760:, the 10754:Malhun 10697:, and 10683:French 10629:accent 10625:Arabic 10617:French 10554:ta-kol 10510:ya-kol 10423:ta-kol 10365:na-kol 10239:ʒa/yʒi 10109:ħabáb- 10101:ħebbi- 10078:t-ħebb 10034:y-ħebb 10029:ħebb-u 10009:ħebb-i 9982:ħebb-u 9947:t-ħebb 9889:n-ħebb 9758:ʃaf-et 9493:"see" 9432:baʕ-et 9001:rˤma-t 8962:y-rˤmi 8957:rˤma-w 8930:rˤmi-w 8825:rˤmi-t 8661:te-nsa 8548:te-nsa 8494:te-nsa 8489:te-nsa 8427:ne-nsa 8422:ne-nsa 7961:beddel 7668:dexl-u 7628:beddel 7619:beddel 7580:beddel 7562:beddel 7536:beddel 7477:beddel 7463:beddel 7445:beddel 7285:ɣa-te- 7277:ka-te- 7144:ɣa-te- 7131:ka-te- 7083:ɣa-ne- 7070:ka-ne- 6969:find". 6842:y-dker 6837:dekr-u 6817:dekr-i 6790:dekr-u 6671:dker-t 6574:katb-a 6564:ketaba 6559:mektub 6434:y-kteb 6386:t-ketb 6338:t-ketb 6283:n-ketb 6267:kteb-t 6108:tFuTLu 6072:tFiTLu 5986:FiSTLu 5973:yFuTi 5956:yFuTLu 5937:yFiTi 5920:yFiTLu 5904:"ask" 5871:FeSTLu 5779:yFMaL 5746:yFtaL 5714:FtaMLu 5687:tFaMMu 5650:tFaMLu 5434:yFaMMu 5410:yFaMi 5397:yFaMLu 5356:FiyyLu 5324:FuwwLu 5289:FeMMLu 5210:yFoMM 5171:yFeMLu 5154:yFeMM 5132:"buy" 5105:yFeMLu 5097:FMeL; 4515:xuwwef 4491:hollow 4435:-kteb- 4303:while 4171:passus 4132:/kteb/ 4130:Past: 4098:ketb-u 4092:ketb-i 4026:y-kteb 3851:ketb-u 3811:kteb-t 3801:kteb-t 3697:Sorry. 3587:eyeh. 3554:": --> 3254:Hello 2911:blassa 2875:simana 2869:kuzina 2822:boulis 2794:: song 2786:komera 2758:kamera 2740:bartma 2672:: hail 2666:: figs 2664:Kermos 2648:: send 2640:sarred 2630:: poor 2628:Mezlot 2334:, ed. 2322:thamma 2314:hadhar 2283:French 2279:Berber 2221:Berber 2159:Qur'an 2141:Hafsid 2111:risala 2038:/mzaʒ/ 2018:/ʃams/ 2014:/ʃəmʃ/ 1959:/ɡləs/ 1910:) but 1742: 1739: 1708: 1705: 1692: 1689: 1686: 1683: 1666: 1663: 1650: 1647: 1644: 1641: 1624: 1621: 1594: 1570: 1556:voiced 1528: 1471: 1468: 1458: 1425:voiced 1411: 1394: 1377: 1348: 1345: 1342: 1339: 1336: 1268:Uvular 1249:Dental 1244:Labial 1142:, but 851:Short 834:Vowels 739:Oranie 733:, the 721:Hyayna 711:, and 641:Sefrou 630:Jebala 616:Meknes 604:Asilah 592:Wezzan 438:Arabic 414:Darija 379:Arabic 190:Arabic 87:Darija 56:. The 14582:Greek 14569:Sabir 14541:Punic 14449:Wolof 14289:Atlas 14257:Kufra 14181:Maqil 14034:Sahel 14014:Urban 13785:Sabir 13688:Atlas 13658:Koiné 13478:Other 13399:Tawqi 13354:Mashq 13344:Kufic 13252:Imāla 13221:Names 13187:Turku 13115:Adeni 12949:Omani 12944:Najdi 12849:North 12839:South 12834:Shawi 12816:Gilit 12780:South 12740:North 12638:Fessi 12557:Jebli 12543:Jijel 12518:Tunis 12513:Urban 12494:Qormi 12103:ʾAlif 12073:Hamza 12045:i‘jām 11713:"كود" 11570:(PDF) 11495:(PDF) 11363:(PDF) 11356:(PDF) 11335:S2CID 10779:Zajal 10711:Ceuta 10703:Spain 10701:, as 10681:with 10549:kla-t 10505:kla-w 10485:kul-i 10458:kul-u 10293:Past 10233:meddi 10229:meddi 10105:ħebb- 9940:ħebbi 9932:ħebbi 9882:ħebbi 9874:ħebbi 9817:Past 9763:t-ʃuf 9719:y-ʃuf 9714:ʃaf-u 9694:ʃuf-i 9667:ʃuf-u 9632:t-ʃuf 9574:n-ʃuf 9502:Past 9437:t-biʕ 9393:y-biʕ 9388:baʕ-u 9368:biʕ-i 9341:biʕ-u 9306:t-biʕ 9248:n-biʕ 9176:Past 8769:Past 8692:ketb- 8610:y-nsa 8605:y-nsa 8350:Past 8315:(te-) 8306:(te-) 8297:(te-) 8220:(te-) 8211:(te-) 8202:(te-) 8177:(te-) 8168:(te-) 8159:(te-) 8150:(te-) 8141:(te-) 8133:(te-) 7992:Past 7693:Past 7313:Past 7287:xrˤoʒ 7279:xrˤoʒ 7271:xrˤoʒ 7244:xrˤoʒ 7242:ɣa-y- 7231:xrˤoʒ 7229:ka-y- 7218:xrˤoʒ 7206:xrˤeʒ 7158:xrˤoʒ 7146:xrˤoʒ 7133:xrˤoʒ 7120:xrˤoʒ 7085:xrˤoʒ 7072:xrˤoʒ 7059:xrˤoʒ 6991:Past 6615:Past 6554:kateb 6211:Past 5950:FuTLu 5914:FiTLu 5709:VIII 5428:FaMMu 5391:FaMLu 5232:yFaL 5223:yFMu 5194:yFuL 5185:yFMa 5138:yFiL 5122:yFMi 5099:FeMLu 5083:Past 5074:Past 5065:Past 5056:Past 5045:Weak 5039:Form 4655:Past 4569:or a 4545:or a 4533:or a 4507:roots 4503:stems 4431:kteb- 4427:ykteb 4240:/a-/. 3950:, an 3768:Verbs 3584:.ايه 3399:تهلا 2998:= /j/ 2986:= /q/ 2980:= /ə/ 2968:a i u 2917:komir 2893:fundo 2881:manta 2858:rwida 2843:Spain 2810:tabla 2776:briki 2752:tobis 2746:rompa 2734:rādio 2730:radio 2688:Deġya 2658:Baxuš 2654:: key 2652:Sarut 2646:Sifet 2622:Henna 2618:: wet 2616:Fazeg 2610:Mesus 2604:Lalla 2592:Xizzu 2543:rajəl 2537:wəldi 2531:bənti 2477:fikra 2318:temma 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