355:
1429:
1415:
207:
1547:
1173:
1069:. Innu-aimun is divided into four dialects – Southern Montagnais (Mashteuiatsh, Betsiamites), Eastern Montagnais (Ekuanitshit, Nutashkuan, Unamen Shipu, Pakuashipi), Central Montagnais (Uashat and Maliotenam, Matimekosh) and Labrador-Montagnais (Sheshatshit). The speakers of the different dialects can communicate well with each other. The
1174:"Aboriginal Mother Tongue (90), Single and Multiple Mother Tongue Responses (3), Aboriginal Identity (9), Registered or Treaty Indian Status (3) and Age (12) for the Population in Private Households of Canada, Provinces and Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 2016 Census - 25% Sample Data"
707:
There are three pairs of so-called "long" and "short" vowels, and one long vowel with no short counterpart, though the length distinction is giving way to a place distinction. The column titles here refer chiefly to the place of articulation of the long vowel.
422:. The lyrics of Akua Tuta are featured on over 50 websites, making this one of the most broadly accessible pieces of text written in any native North American language. Florent Vollant has also rendered several well-known
1376:
Sometimes the dialects are also grouped as follows: Nehilawewin (Western
Montagnais, Piyekwâkamî dialect), Leluwewn (Western Montagnais, Betsiamites dialect), Innu-Aimûn (Eastern Montagnais)
2698:
961:: animate intransitive (AI), inanimate intransitive (II), transitive inanimate (TI), and transitive animate (TA). Verbs may carry affixes indicating agreement (with both subject and object
1945:
1114:
Clarke, Sandra; MacKenzie, Marguerite (2005). "Montagnais/Innu-aimun (Algonquian)". In Booij, Geert; Lehmann, Christian; Mugdan, Joachim; Skopeteas, Stavros; Kesselheim, Wolfgang (eds.).
1326:
1296:
1508:
1601:
680:/l/ only exists in the southern dialects of Mashteuiatsh and Betsiamites. Other dialects, including the standard orthography, use /n/ in those positions.
1222:
451:
Innu-aimun has the following phonemes (with the standard orthography equivalents in angle brackets, this section discusses the
Sheshatshit dialect):
1197:
2040:
1739:
217:
2703:
1420:
1335:
1266:
1490:
1226:
435:
In 2013, "a comprehensive pan-Innu dictionary, covering all the Innu dialects spoken in Quebec and
Labrador published in Innu,
2693:
2667:
1104:
1780:
1387:"Montagnais and Naskapi – FREE Montagnais and Naskapi information | Encyclopedia.com: Find Montagnais and Naskapi research"
1304:
958:
855:
652:
239:
17:
849:
2663:
2033:
1732:
1140:
619:
568:
2118:
1801:
768:
229:
2598:
418:
354:
2166:
197:
1073:
and culture are quite different from those of the
Montagnais, in which the dialect changes from y to n as in
839:
809:
359:
2522:
2502:
2026:
1725:
1672:
1536:
788:
609:
692:
688:
2644:
2408:
1960:
1932:
1621:
1616:
1483:
758:
633:
1018:
821:
778:
558:
548:
499:
2068:
1528:
950:
794:
191:
2482:
2418:
974:
578:
410:" ("Take care of yourself"), which appeared on soundtrack compilations for the television series
2176:
2650:
2629:
2365:
1940:
1687:
1682:
1476:
934:
914:
474:
2688:
918:
523:
513:
2231:
1468:
2634:
2446:
2335:
2158:
2123:
2085:
1950:
1791:
1579:
1574:
1564:
1523:
1099:. National Museum of Man Mercury Series. Vol. 80. Ottawa: National Museums of Canada.
316:
112:
2191:
8:
2639:
2603:
2279:
2148:
2049:
1987:
1896:
1806:
1748:
1583:
1569:
1062:
601:
2613:
2548:
2390:
2327:
2312:
2181:
2103:
2098:
1849:
1831:
1611:
1588:
1453:
1274:
1211:
Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin; Bank, Sebastian (2022-05-24).
1030:
1002:
938:
469:
464:
1212:
183:
2593:
2543:
2398:
2380:
2375:
2355:
2350:
2302:
2236:
1191:
1136:
1100:
966:
833:
815:
644:
486:
343:
1386:
1123:
366:
Since the 1980s, Innu-aimun has had considerable exposure in the popular culture of
235:
2588:
2578:
2563:
2558:
2553:
2477:
2472:
2462:
2428:
2370:
2317:
2264:
2226:
2171:
2133:
2093:
2063:
2007:
1979:
1909:
1826:
1628:
1119:
1070:
970:
436:
423:
121:
2583:
2573:
2568:
2527:
2436:
2403:
2360:
2307:
2297:
2292:
2287:
2246:
2221:
2216:
2211:
2206:
2186:
2138:
2128:
1904:
1878:
1816:
1656:
1517:
1458:
507:
481:
440:
383:
379:
107:
99:
2196:
1463:
2517:
2467:
2441:
2340:
2201:
2143:
1706:
1677:
1359:
542:
146:
2682:
2507:
2113:
2108:
1923:
1864:
1841:
1766:
1633:
1499:
1434:
1246:
962:
739:
588:
358:"Buckle up your children" sign in Innu-aimun, in the Nutashkuan reserve near
336:
117:
989:, whereas in subordinate clauses and content-word questions, affixes of the
2608:
2512:
2269:
1650:
2413:
167:
2254:
897:
Macron accent marks over the long vowels are omitted in general writing.
727:
719:
80:
1442:
2345:
922:
747:
744:
716:
300:
60:
2018:
1717:
1116:
Morphology: An international handbook on inflection and word formation
2259:
1886:
1854:
1217:
1046:
1022:
954:
736:
732:
724:
412:
176:
160:
1360:"The process of spelling standardization of Innu-aimun (Montagnais)"
206:
957:, and location. Verbs are divided into four classes based on their
901:
is not written with a macron because there is no contrasting short
324:
247:
69:
985:. In simple main clauses, the verb is marked using affixes of the
386:. Widely heard hit songs with Innu-language lyrics have included "
1859:
1249:
1026:
375:
340:
243:
1546:
1247:
Lewis, M. Paul; Gary F. Simons; Charles D. Fennig, eds. (2015).
1012:
1006:
1328:
North-West River (Sheshatshit) Montagnais: A Grammatical Sketch
1210:
1133:
Labrador Innu-aimun: An introduction to the
Sheshatshiu dialect
1097:
North-West River (Sheshātshīt) Montagnais: A grammatical sketch
1066:
982:
946:
371:
367:
332:
328:
214:
65:
50:
346:
and is spoken in various dialects depending on the community.
1498:
942:
2699:
Indigenous languages of the North
American eastern woodlands
1447:
930:
926:
320:
282:
272:
259:
246:
characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see
1135:. St. John's, NL: Memorial University of Newfoundland.
1056:
1050:
1040:
1034:
1118:. Vol. 2. Walter de Gruyter. pp. 1411–1421.
213:
Eastern
Montagnais is classified as Vulnerable by the
1074:
981:, of verbal affixes are used depending on the verb's
1410:
1464:
OLAC resources in and about the
Montagnais language
1454:
Innu Aimun orthography and phonology (Languagegeek)
92:
10,075, 36% of ethnic population (2016 census)
1255:(18th ed.). Dallas, Texas: SIL International.
1248:
1223:Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology
1080:
2680:
1130:
1113:
1131:Clarke, Sandra; MacKenzie, Marguerite (2006).
2034:
1733:
1484:
1196:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1154:. Québec: Presses de l'Université du Québec.
687:The plosives are voiced to between vowels.
378:and the later solo careers of its founders
2041:
2027:
1740:
1726:
1491:
1477:
1303:. St. John's, Newfoundland. Archived from
1172:Canada, Government of Canada, Statistics.
427:
405:
399:
393:
387:
374:due to the success of the rock music band
205:
38:
1459:Native Languages page for Montagnais Innu
1421:Indigenous peoples of the Americas portal
1017:– Southern/Inland dialect) spoken by the
353:
218:Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger
2048:
1747:
1318:
1149:
941:, animate and inanimate, and may carry
240:question marks, boxes, or other symbols
14:
2681:
1324:
1294:
1094:
925:. Its three basic parts of speech are
2022:
1721:
1472:
24:
1946:Pro-Tactile American Sign Language
1251:Ethnologue: Languages of the World
1171:
25:
2715:
2704:First Nations languages in Canada
1406:
854:
848:
838:
832:
820:
814:
808:
793:
787:
777:
767:
757:
651:
632:
618:
608:
587:
577:
567:
557:
547:
522:
512:
1545:
1427:
1413:
1152:Dictionnaire montagnais-français
1450:Information about the language.
1379:
1370:
1229:from the original on 2022-10-15
1124:10.1515/9783110172782.2.16.1411
1011:– Northern/Coastal dialect and
881:
404:" ("Story") and in particular "
27:Cree language of eastern Canada
1352:
1295:Dooley, Danette (2013-09-21).
1288:
1259:
1240:
1204:
1165:
921:language with relatively free
869:
674:
419:Music for The Native Americans
13:
1:
1088:
937:. Nouns are grouped into two
454:
349:
2694:Central Algonquian languages
2523:Labrador Inuit Pidgin French
1941:American Sign Language (ASL)
1673:Bible translations into Cree
1081:
1075:
1057:
1051:
1041:
1035:
1013:
1007:
446:
426:into Innu in his 1999 album
7:
2645:Plains Indian Sign Language
1887:Nunavimmiutitut (ᓄᓇᕕᒻᒥᐅᑎᑐᑦ)
996:
10:
2720:
2496:Pidgins, creoles and mixed
1443:Online pan-Innu dictionary
908:
2660:
2622:
2536:
2495:
2455:
2427:
2389:
2326:
2278:
2245:
2157:
2084:
2077:
2056:
2000:
1978:
1968:Anishinaabe Sign Language
1959:
1931:
1922:
1895:
1877:
1855:Īyiyū Ayimūn / Īnū Ayimūn
1840:
1815:
1790:
1779:
1762:
1755:
1698:
1665:
1642:
1597:
1554:
1543:
1529:Proto-Algonquian language
1507:
1213:"Cree-Montagnais-Naskapi"
1001:Innu-aimun is related to
977:. Two different sets, or
702:
485:
480:
473:
468:
463:
461:
296:
288:
283:Innut / Innuat / Ilnuatsh
278:
268:
258:
226:
204:
190:
174:
158:
153:
139:
96:
86:
76:
56:
46:
37:
32:
2503:Algonquian–Basque pidgin
1860:iyuw iyimuun (ᐃᔪᐤ ᐃᔨᒧᐅᓐ)
1159:
335:. It is a member of the
1500:Cree–Montagnais–Naskapi
1325:Clarke, Sandra (1982).
1095:Clarke, Sandra (1982).
691:frequently merges with
428:
406:
400:
394:
388:
39:
2668:Canadian dictionaries
2651:Maritime Sign Language
2630:American Sign Language
2119:Malecite-Passamaquoddy
1802:Malecite-Passamaquoddy
1150:Drapeau, Lynn (1991).
363:
319:spoken by over 10,000
228:This article contains
2664:Canadian style guides
1297:"Linguistic defender"
1025:region of Quebec and
695:in younger speakers (
593:⟨kᵘ/ku⟩
398:" ("My Childhood"), "
357:
2635:Quebec Sign Language
2078:Indigenous languages
1951:Quebec Sign Language
1391:www.encyclopedia.com
887:particularly before
624:⟨sh/s⟩
416:and the documentary
2604:Pennsylvania German
2050:Languages of Canada
2001:Immigrant languages
1749:Languages of Quebec
1610:From west to east:
1580:Eastern Swampy Cree
1575:Western Swampy Cree
1563:From west to east:
1178:www12.statcan.gc.ca
1063:Saint-Maurice River
875:particularly after
573:⟨tsh⟩
317:Algonquian language
18:Montagnais language
2640:Inuk Sign Language
2599:Newfoundland Irish
2564:Tagalog (Filipino)
2537:Minority languages
2409:Heiltsuk-Oowekyala
2167:Babine-Witsuwitʼen
2057:Official languages
1988:Inuk Sign Language
1971:Cree Sign Language
1622:Southern East Cree
1617:Northern East Cree
1602:Montagnais-Naskapi
1537:Central Algonquian
614:⟨ss⟩
364:
360:Natashquan, Quebec
2676:
2675:
2594:Doukhobor Russian
2491:
2490:
2016:
2015:
1996:
1995:
1918:
1917:
1873:
1872:
1827:Wôbanakiôdwawôgan
1817:Anishinaabemowin
1775:
1774:
1756:Official language
1715:
1714:
1707:extinct languages
1643:Contact languages
1502:dialect continuum
1106:978-1-77282-242-7
987:independent order
983:syntactic context
865:
864:
860:⟨u⟩
844:⟨a⟩
826:⟨i⟩
799:⟨ū⟩
783:⟨ā⟩
773:⟨e⟩
763:⟨ī⟩
670:
669:
657:⟨l⟩
638:⟨h⟩
583:⟨k⟩
563:⟨t⟩
553:⟨p⟩
528:⟨n⟩
518:⟨m⟩
502:
495:
344:dialect continuum
306:
305:
264:"person" / "land"
254:
253:
236:rendering support
232:phonetic symbols.
16:(Redirected from
2711:
2589:Hutterite German
2082:
2081:
2043:
2036:
2029:
2020:
2019:
1961:Plains Sign Talk
1929:
1928:
1924:Manual languages
1813:
1812:
1788:
1787:
1781:Oral Indigenous
1760:
1759:
1742:
1735:
1728:
1719:
1718:
1598:Eastern variants
1555:Western variants
1549:
1493:
1486:
1479:
1470:
1469:
1437:
1432:
1431:
1430:
1423:
1418:
1417:
1416:
1401:
1400:
1398:
1397:
1383:
1377:
1374:
1368:
1366:
1364:
1356:
1350:
1349:
1347:
1346:
1340:
1334:. Archived from
1333:
1322:
1316:
1315:
1313:
1312:
1292:
1286:
1285:
1283:
1282:
1277:on July 31, 2010
1273:. Archived from
1271:realduesouth.net
1263:
1257:
1256:
1254:
1244:
1238:
1237:
1235:
1234:
1208:
1202:
1201:
1195:
1187:
1185:
1184:
1169:
1155:
1146:
1127:
1110:
1084:
1078:
1071:Naskapi language
1060:
1054:
1044:
1038:
1016:
1010:
913:Innu-aimun is a
891:
885:
879:
873:
861:
858:
852:
845:
842:
836:
827:
824:
818:
812:
800:
797:
791:
784:
781:
774:
771:
764:
761:
711:
710:
694:
690:
681:
678:
658:
655:
639:
636:
625:
622:
615:
612:
594:
591:
584:
581:
574:
571:
564:
561:
554:
551:
529:
526:
519:
516:
498:
493:
459:
458:
431:
424:Christmas carols
409:
403:
397:
391:
256:
255:
220:
209:
200:
186:
170:
163:
102:
42:
30:
29:
21:
2719:
2718:
2714:
2713:
2712:
2710:
2709:
2708:
2679:
2678:
2677:
2672:
2656:
2618:
2584:Canadian Gaelic
2532:
2487:
2483:Coast Tsimshian
2451:
2423:
2385:
2322:
2274:
2241:
2153:
2073:
2052:
2047:
2017:
2012:
1992:
1974:
1955:
1914:
1891:
1869:
1836:
1818:
1811:
1782:
1771:
1751:
1746:
1716:
1711:
1694:
1688:Eastern version
1683:Western version
1661:
1657:Michif language
1638:
1599:
1593:
1556:
1550:
1541:
1503:
1497:
1433:
1428:
1426:
1419:
1414:
1412:
1409:
1404:
1395:
1393:
1385:
1384:
1380:
1375:
1371:
1362:
1358:
1357:
1353:
1344:
1342:
1338:
1331:
1323:
1319:
1310:
1308:
1293:
1289:
1280:
1278:
1265:
1264:
1260:
1245:
1241:
1232:
1230:
1209:
1205:
1189:
1188:
1182:
1180:
1170:
1166:
1162:
1143:
1107:
1091:
1061:) in the upper
999:
911:
895:
894:
886:
882:
874:
870:
859:
843:
825:
798:
782:
772:
762:
705:
685:
684:
679:
675:
656:
637:
623:
613:
592:
582:
572:
562:
552:
527:
517:
476:
457:
449:
384:Florent Vollant
380:Claude McKenzie
352:
263:
234:Without proper
222:
221:
212:
196:
182:
166:
159:
149:
142:
135:
103:
100:Language family
98:
89:
88:Native speakers
63:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2717:
2707:
2706:
2701:
2696:
2691:
2674:
2673:
2661:
2658:
2657:
2655:
2654:
2647:
2642:
2637:
2632:
2626:
2624:
2623:Sign languages
2620:
2619:
2617:
2616:
2611:
2606:
2601:
2596:
2591:
2586:
2581:
2576:
2571:
2566:
2561:
2556:
2551:
2546:
2540:
2538:
2534:
2533:
2531:
2530:
2525:
2520:
2518:Chinook Jargon
2515:
2510:
2505:
2499:
2497:
2493:
2492:
2489:
2488:
2486:
2485:
2480:
2475:
2470:
2465:
2459:
2457:
2453:
2452:
2450:
2449:
2444:
2439:
2433:
2431:
2425:
2424:
2422:
2421:
2419:Nuu-chah-nulth
2416:
2411:
2406:
2401:
2395:
2393:
2387:
2386:
2384:
2383:
2378:
2373:
2368:
2363:
2358:
2353:
2348:
2343:
2338:
2332:
2330:
2324:
2323:
2321:
2320:
2315:
2310:
2305:
2300:
2295:
2290:
2284:
2282:
2276:
2275:
2273:
2272:
2267:
2262:
2257:
2251:
2249:
2243:
2242:
2240:
2239:
2234:
2229:
2224:
2219:
2214:
2209:
2204:
2199:
2194:
2189:
2184:
2179:
2174:
2169:
2163:
2161:
2155:
2154:
2152:
2151:
2146:
2141:
2136:
2131:
2126:
2121:
2116:
2111:
2106:
2101:
2096:
2090:
2088:
2079:
2075:
2074:
2072:
2071:
2066:
2060:
2058:
2054:
2053:
2046:
2045:
2038:
2031:
2023:
2014:
2013:
2011:
2010:
2004:
2002:
1998:
1997:
1994:
1993:
1991:
1990:
1984:
1982:
1976:
1975:
1973:
1972:
1969:
1965:
1963:
1957:
1956:
1954:
1953:
1948:
1943:
1937:
1935:
1926:
1920:
1919:
1916:
1915:
1913:
1912:
1907:
1901:
1899:
1893:
1892:
1890:
1889:
1883:
1881:
1875:
1874:
1871:
1870:
1868:
1867:
1862:
1857:
1852:
1846:
1844:
1838:
1837:
1835:
1834:
1832:Anicinâbemowin
1829:
1823:
1821:
1810:
1809:
1804:
1799:
1796:
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1394:. Retrieved
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1301:The Telegram
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120:-Montagnais-
2447:Assiniboine
2336:Bella Coola
2255:Inuinnaqtun
1565:Plains Cree
1058:Nehirowisiw
1042:Nehirâmowin
1036:Nēhinawēwin
945:indicating
401:Tipatshimun
395:E Uassiuian
331:in Eastern
273:Innu / Ilnu
242:instead of
2683:Categories
2346:Halkomelem
2159:Athabaskan
2149:Potawatomi
2086:Algonquian
1933:Francosign
1865:Innu-aimun
1819:(ᐊᓂᔑᓈᐯᒧᐎᓐ)
1792:Algonquian
1634:Montagnais
1584:Moose Cree
1570:Woods Cree
1524:Algonquian
1396:2016-07-31
1345:2018-09-20
1311:2013-09-25
1281:2013-09-25
1233:2022-10-29
1183:2018-06-09
1089:References
1065:valley of
1014:Īnū Ayimūn
993:are used.
951:possession
923:word order
455:Consonants
350:Literature
313:Montagnais
309:Innu-aimun
301:Nitassinan
292:Innu-aimun
141:Early form
127:Montagnais
113:Algonquian
61:Nitassinan
40:Innu-aimun
33:Montagnais
2614:Ukrainian
2549:Cantonese
2414:Kwakʼwala
2313:Tuscarora
2280:Iroquoian
2260:Inuktitut
2232:Tsuutʼina
2182:Chipewyan
2177:Chilcotin
2104:Blackfoot
2099:Algonquin
1897:Iroquoian
1850:Atikamekw
1783:languages
1705:indicate
1612:East Cree
1589:Atikamekw
1267:"Kashtin"
1218:Glottolog
1047:Atikamekw
1045:) of the
1031:Atikamekw
1023:James Bay
1003:East Cree
975:inversion
963:arguments
955:obviation
947:plurality
935:particles
699:"duck").
602:Fricative
447:Phonology
413:Due South
407:Akua tuta
389:Ish-kuess
198:62-ADA-bb
177:Glottolog
161:ISO 639-3
77:Ethnicity
2544:Mandarin
2399:Ditidaht
2391:Wakashan
2381:Thompson
2376:Squamish
2366:shíshálh
2356:Okanagan
2351:Lillooet
2328:Salishan
2303:Onondaga
2237:Tutchone
2192:Gwichʼin
1666:See also
1522:Family:
1367:, p. 208
1227:Archived
1192:cite web
1029:and the
997:Dialects
805:"Short"
477:alveolar
470:Alveolar
465:Bilabial
325:Labrador
289:Language
248:Help:IPA
184:mont1268
70:Labrador
2579:Italian
2559:Spanish
2554:Punjabi
2478:Tlingit
2473:Kutenai
2463:Beothuk
2371:Shuswap
2361:Saanich
2318:Wyandot
2265:Inupiaq
2227:Tahltan
2172:Carrier
2134:Naskapi
2124:Miꞌkmaq
2094:Abenaki
2064:English
2008:English
1980:Isolate
1910:Wyandot
1703:Italics
1629:Naskapi
1079:versus
1052:Nehiraw
1027:Ontario
1021:of the
943:affixes
939:genders
909:Grammar
754:"Long"
740:Central
697:shīshīp
645:Lateral
543:Plosive
487:Glottal
437:English
376:Kashtin
341:Naskapi
297:Country
244:Unicode
122:Naskapi
2574:German
2569:Arabic
2528:Michif
2513:Bungee
2437:Stoney
2429:Siouan
2404:Haisla
2308:Seneca
2298:Oneida
2293:Mohawk
2288:Cayuga
2222:Tagish
2217:Slavey
2212:Sekani
2207:Nicola
2187:Dogrib
2144:Ottawa
2139:Ojibwe
2129:Munsee
2069:French
1905:Mohawk
1807:Míkmaq
1767:French
1557:(Cree)
1139:
1103:
1067:Quebec
979:orders
973:, and
933:, and
703:Vowels
500:labial
441:French
372:France
368:Canada
333:Canada
329:Quebec
315:is an
279:People
269:Person
215:UNESCO
66:Quebec
57:Region
51:Canada
2468:Haida
2456:other
2442:Sioux
2341:Comox
2247:Inuit
2202:Kaska
1879:Inuit
1526:(see
1518:Algic
1363:(PDF)
1339:(PDF)
1332:(PDF)
1160:Notes
1076:Iiyuu
967:tense
931:verbs
927:nouns
728:Front
720:Front
508:Nasal
494:plain
482:Velar
475:Post-
108:Algic
2114:Innu
2109:Cree
1842:Cree
1582:and
1198:link
1137:ISBN
1101:ISBN
1082:Innu
1039:and
971:mood
748:Back
745:High
717:High
439:and
382:and
370:and
337:Cree
327:and
321:Innu
260:Innu
118:Cree
81:Innu
2197:Hän
1120:doi
965:),
737:Low
733:Mid
725:Mid
693:/h/
689:/ʃ/
443:."
323:in
311:or
230:IPA
168:moe
2685::
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1194:}}
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620:ʃ
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579:k
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524:n
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