309:(1914, 1914, 1935). According to Lyle Campbell (1997), the relationship "has subsequently been demonstrated to the satisfaction of all." This controversy in the early classification of North American languages was called the "Ritwan controversy" because Wiyot and Yurok were assigned to a genetic grouping called "Ritwan." Most specialists now reject the validity of the Ritwan genetic node. Berman (1982) suggested that Wiyot and Yurok share sound changes not shared by the rest of Algic (which would be explainable by either areal diffusion or genetic relatedness); Proulx (2004) argued against Berman's conclusion of common sound changes.
135:
210:
347:
246:, in reference to the indigenous people anciently located in this geographical area." Schoolcraft's terminology was not retained. The peoples he called "Algic" were later included among the speakers of Algonquian languages. This language group is also referred to as "Algonquian-Ritwan" and "Wiyot-Yurok-Algonquian."
5235:
5240:
5220:
5174:
5230:
4200:
4191:
1463:
Algic researches, comprising inquiries respecting the mental characteristics of the North
American Indians. First series. Indian tales and legends
5184:
5080:
4056:
461:
1116:
1077:
1029:
851:
771:
732:
605:
385:
5225:
2158:
5245:
5179:
1507:
159:
4184:
4204:
903:
717:
660:
3571:
3152:
3681:
5250:
5053:
2653:
1330:
703:
298:
254:
5133:
4177:
3838:
935:
915:
437:
360:
5189:
3814:
3053:
1936:
183:
4583:
4552:
2972:
2908:
2151:
1817:
3585:
2827:
947:"Toward the reconstruction of Proto-Algonquian-Wakashan. Part 1: Proof of the Algonquian-Wakashan relationship"
3336:
4169:
4051:
3698:
2833:
2658:
2444:
2438:
2362:
1500:
4061:
4046:
3745:
3046:
3033:
2804:
2765:
1995:
1804:
1654:
989:"Toward the reconstruction of Proto-Algonquian-Wakashan. Part 2: Algonquian-Wakashan sound correspondences"
4901:
4041:
4035:
3820:
3093:
3011:
2984:
2688:
2678:
2017:
1904:
1899:
1689:
5215:
5138:
4519:
3607:
3268:
3065:
2863:
2723:
2693:
2683:
2673:
2379:
2144:
895:
313:
270:
186:, which, despite their geographic proximity, are not closely related. All these languages descend from
4019:
3826:
3802:
3777:
3750:
3733:
2743:
2698:
2668:
2641:
2212:
2167:
2099:
195:
5210:
5148:
4999:
4981:
4644:
4227:
4066:
3873:
3510:
3498:
3330:
2392:
2385:
2201:
1931:
1493:
671:
3071:
2996:
2399:
2349:
1956:
1926:
1916:
1696:
1353:
1336:
813:
709:
652:
4975:
4933:
4742:
4708:
4426:
4085:
3933:
3728:
3504:
3457:
3087:
3004:
2663:
2647:
2455:
2356:
2219:
2195:
1561:
1458:
328:
basin and the Algic languages, and a secondary relationship between these two together and the
3723:
194:
estimated to have been spoken about 7,000 years ago and reconstructed using the reconstructed
5143:
5089:
5008:
4986:
4627:
4509:
4131:
4029:
3718:
3521:
3311:
3300:
3262:
2869:
2843:
2748:
2738:
2421:
2337:
2188:
1703:
1676:
5041:
5034:
3832:
3557:
646:
4968:
4816:
4382:
4348:
4106:
3863:
3671:
3644:
3627:
3595:
3493:
3207:
3132:
3059:
2838:
2815:
2787:
2718:
2629:
2410:
2092:
1609:
1604:
1555:
1524:
341:
187:
163:
96:
67:
3991:
889:
8:
5153:
4992:
4950:
4890:
4869:
4663:
4599:
4542:
4490:
4475:
4448:
4416:
4232:
3883:
3787:
3687:
3676:
3638:
3617:
3515:
3474:
3249:
3231:
3225:
3200:
3193:
3186:
3099:
3082:
2821:
2487:
2474:
2368:
2318:
2175:
1974:
1966:
1941:
1877:
1822:
1781:
1682:
1599:
1547:
1533:
5064:
5020:
4944:
4844:
4830:
4760:
4650:
4466:
4410:
4403:
4314:
4298:
3797:
3792:
3782:
3765:
3760:
3755:
3739:
3708:
3703:
3656:
3650:
3601:
3546:
3469:
3353:
3317:
3278:
3220:
3027:
3022:
2733:
2492:
2461:
2427:
2415:
2374:
2249:
2067:
2011:
2001:
1894:
1774:
1727:
1630:
1141:
1102:
1010:
968:
924:
876:
796:
757:
630:
455:
410:
329:
4287:
3894:
3857:
566:
125:
5128:
5070:
4823:
4806:
4781:
4767:
4622:
4485:
4480:
4442:
4325:
3808:
3713:
3693:
3632:
3612:
3323:
3284:
3255:
3243:
3180:
3126:
3104:
3077:
3017:
2990:
2809:
2770:
2760:
2728:
2601:
2527:
2509:
2503:
2405:
2323:
2237:
2074:
2006:
1946:
1921:
1910:
1863:
1828:
1811:
1466:
1446:
1407:
1372:
1317:
1274:
1231:
1186:
1145:
1133:
1106:
1094:
1063:
1014:
972:
931:
911:
899:
880:
868:
830:
800:
788:
769:
Haas, Mary R. (1966). "Wiyot-Yurok-Algonkian and
Problems of Comparative Algonkian".
761:
749:
713:
656:
634:
622:
443:
433:
414:
402:
239:
231:
3899:
3888:
3868:
2206:
5158:
5103:
5096:
5014:
4955:
4883:
4876:
4795:
4753:
4718:
4676:
4657:
4632:
4593:
4572:
4566:
4529:
4436:
4334:
4280:
4273:
4266:
4245:
4116:
3976:
3966:
3961:
3915:
3909:
3878:
3771:
3666:
3590:
3528:
3480:
3415:
3408:
3401:
3394:
3387:
3376:
3360:
3295:
3290:
3273:
3214:
3108:
3040:
2951:
2918:
2886:
2782:
2754:
2703:
2624:
2608:
2594:
2576:
2569:
2555:
2515:
2497:
2481:
2467:
2289:
2272:
2023:
1798:
1754:
1710:
1640:
1541:
1436:
1428:
1397:
1362:
1309:
1299:
1266:
1256:
1221:
1211:
1176:
1166:
1125:
1086:
1055:
1045:
1000:
958:
860:
822:
808:
780:
741:
683:
614:
394:
306:
3956:
3904:
2896:
1402:
1385:
1367:
1348:
826:
4961:
4918:
4911:
4788:
4774:
4724:
4638:
4613:
4536:
4502:
4496:
4393:
4259:
4221:
4111:
3986:
3971:
3940:
3661:
3622:
3487:
3433:
3305:
2933:
2928:
2793:
2708:
2589:
2582:
2562:
2544:
2449:
2432:
2231:
2111:
1886:
1873:
1738:
1732:
1474:
171:
167:
57:
51:
1419:
Sapir, Edward (1922). "The
Algonkin affinity of Yurok and Wiyot kinship terms".
5027:
4859:
4837:
4690:
4669:
4561:
4455:
4375:
4368:
4307:
4252:
4121:
3981:
3950:
3921:
3552:
3438:
3421:
3371:
3366:
3237:
3174:
2944:
2938:
2858:
2853:
2799:
2776:
2521:
2343:
2300:
2283:
2277:
2255:
2243:
2127:
2119:
2050:
2044:
1951:
1745:
317:
286:
243:
203:
199:
191:
179:
175:
90:
80:
4199:
1005:
963:
5204:
4731:
4697:
4683:
4341:
4238:
4005:
3945:
3927:
3443:
3427:
3381:
3138:
2958:
2923:
2913:
2891:
2848:
2713:
2294:
2226:
1856:
1670:
1581:
1572:
1450:
1411:
1376:
1321:
1278:
1235:
1190:
1137:
1098:
1067:
872:
834:
792:
753:
642:
626:
600:
447:
406:
278:
238:, published in 1839. Schoolcraft defined the term as "derived from the words
214:
44:
2136:
1478:
1304:
1287:
1050:
1033:
2902:
1851:
1843:
1470:
1344:
1261:
1244:
1216:
1199:
1171:
1154:
302:
285:) and the earliest known location of the Wiyot and Yurok (along the middle
282:
250:
1432:
111:
2549:
1635:
1614:
687:
648:
American Indian
Languages: The Historical Linguistics of Native America
325:
258:
134:
1441:
1589:
1313:
1059:
849:
Michelson, Truman (1935). "Phonetic Shifts in
Algonquian Languages".
727:
119:
105:
1270:
1226:
1181:
988:
946:
383:
Berman, Howard (July 1984). "Proto-Algonquian-Ritwan Verbal Roots".
1129:
1090:
864:
784:
745:
618:
398:
321:
316:
has argued in two papers for a systematic relationship between the
274:
266:
1485:
1288:"Proto Algic VI: Conditioned Yurok Reflexes of Proto Algic Vowels"
209:
301:
relation of Wiyot and Yurok to
Algonquian was first proposed by
4145:
Families with question marks (?) are disputed or controversial.
4126:
4024:
2115:
1594:
702:
Goddard, Ives (1996). "Languages". In
Sturtevant, W. C. (ed.).
5236:
Indigenous languages of the North
American eastern woodlands
1075:
Proulx, Paul (1984). "Proto-Algic I: Phonological Sketch".
811:(1914). "Two Alleged Algonquian Languages of California".
158:(also Algonquian–Wiyot–Yurok or Algonquian–Ritwan) are an
253:
proposed that the well-established
Algonquian family was
1034:"Yurok Retroflection and Vowel Symbolism in Proto-Algic"
346:
305:(1913, 1915, 1923), and argued against by Algonquianist
730:(1958). "Algonkian-Ritwan: The End of a Controversy".
257:
related to the Wiyot and Yurok languages of northern
5241:
Indigenous languages of the North
American Southeast
5221:
Indigenous languages of the North American Subarctic
84:
1349:"Wiyot and Yurok, Algonkin languages of California"
676:
Actes du Vingt-cinquième Congrès des Algonquinistes
672:"The West-to-East cline in Algonquian dialectology"
547:
535:
923:
603:(1982). "Two Phonological Innovations in Ritwan".
5231:Indigenous languages of the North American Plains
5202:
1465:. Vol. 1. New York: Harper & Brothers.
1245:"Proto-Algic V: Doublets and their Implications"
217:. Cree is the most widely spoken Algic language.
166:subfamily, dispersed over a broad area from the
4900:
1114:Proulx, Paul (1985). "Proto-Algic II: Verbs".
4185:
2166:
2152:
1501:
1117:International Journal of American Linguistics
1078:International Journal of American Linguistics
852:International Journal of American Linguistics
772:International Journal of American Linguistics
733:International Journal of American Linguistics
606:International Journal of American Linguistics
386:International Journal of American Linguistics
4155:Families with more than 30 languages are in
670:Goddard, Ives (1994). Cowan, William (ed.).
378:
376:
5079:
1457:
1386:"Algonkin languages of California: A reply"
474:
160:indigenous language family of North America
139:Pre-contact distribution of Algic languages
18:Indigenous language family of North America
4192:
4178:
2159:
2145:
1508:
1494:
1328:
460:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
292:
4201:Indigenous language families and isolates
1440:
1401:
1366:
1303:
1260:
1225:
1215:
1180:
1170:
1049:
1004:
962:
848:
807:
373:
277:of the Algonquian branch (to the west of
4805:
986:
944:
641:
553:
541:
525:
510:
345:
208:
1421:Journal de la Société des Américanistes
921:
701:
669:
498:
486:
269:is thought to have been located in the
5203:
1285:
1242:
1197:
1152:
1113:
1074:
1028:
887:
599:
529:
513:, p. 152, who cites among others
382:
4173:
2140:
1489:
1418:
1383:
1343:
1335:. Vol. 1–20. Washington, D. C.:
891:The languages of Native North America
593:
427:
162:. Most Algic languages belong to the
1329:Sturtevant, William C., ed. (1978).
1292:Kansas Working Papers in Linguistics
1249:Kansas Working Papers in Linguistics
1204:Kansas Working Papers in Linguistics
1159:Kansas Working Papers in Linguistics
1038:Kansas Working Papers in Linguistics
841:Michelson, Truman. 1915. Rejoinder.
768:
726:
514:
428:Golla, Victor (September 20, 2011).
174:. The other Algic languages are the
1515:
708:. Vol. 17. Washington, D. C.:
350:Family tree of the Algic languages.
13:
5226:Indigenous languages of California
1332:Handbook of North American Indians
705:Handbook of North American Indians
14:
5262:
335:
265:to this larger family. The Algic
993:Journal of Language Relationship
951:Journal of Language Relationship
273:somewhere between the suspected
133:
588:
559:
519:
504:
492:
480:
468:
421:
1:
5246:Algonquian–Wakashan languages
1403:10.1525/aa.1915.17.1.02a00270
1368:10.1525/aa.1913.15.4.02a00040
827:10.1525/aa.1914.16.2.02a00150
366:
361:Algonquian–Wakashan languages
987:Nikolaev, Sergei L. (2016).
945:Nikolaev, Sergei L. (2015).
922:Moratto, Michael J. (1984).
7:
2122:language •
1711:Quiripi–Naugatuck–Unquachog
1690:Massachusett Pidgin English
1155:"Proto-Algic III: Pronouns"
430:California Indian languages
354:
56:One of the world's primary
10:
5267:
5251:Endangered Algic languages
896:Cambridge University Press
339:
271:Northwestern United States
221:
5167:
5121:
5052:
4932:
4858:
4741:
4707:
4612:
4582:
4551:
4518:
4465:
4425:
4392:
4358:
4324:
4297:
4211:
4140:
4099:
4076:
4015:
4004:
3848:
3581:
3570:
3538:
3465:
3456:
3345:
3162:
3151:
3118:
2980:
2971:
2879:
2637:
2623:
2537:
2332:
2314:
2265:
2183:
2174:
2168:Primary language families
2109:
2084:
2059:
2036:
1987:
1965:
1885:
1872:
1842:
1791:
1764:
1720:
1662:
1653:
1623:
1580:
1571:
1532:
1523:
1006:10.31826/jlr-2016-133-408
964:10.31826/jlr-2015-131-206
888:Mithun, Marianne (1999).
196:Proto-Algonquian language
144:
132:
118:
104:
73:
63:
52:Linguistic classification
50:
37:
30:
25:
2985:Arnhem/Macro-Gunwinyguan
1996:Algonquian–Basque pidgin
1937:North of Superior Ojibwa
432:. Berkeley. p. 61.
289:according to Whistler).
4152:have no living members.
1844:Mesquakie–Sauk–Kickapoo
1573:Cree–Montagnais–Naskapi
1459:Schoolcraft, Henry Rowe
1390:American Anthropologist
1354:American Anthropologist
1337:Smithsonian Institution
1305:10.17161/KWPL.1808.1247
1200:"Proto-Algic IV: Nouns"
1051:10.17161/KWPL.1808.3621
843:American Anthropologist
814:American Anthropologist
710:Smithsonian Institution
653:Oxford University Press
645:(September 21, 2000) .
567:"Glottolog 5.0 - Algic"
293:Classification of Algic
5185:Unclassified languages
4132:Unclassified languages
4086:list of sign languages
3054:Northeastern Tasmanian
1818:Maliseet–Passamaquoddy
1262:10.17161/KWPL.1808.321
1217:10.17161/KWPL.1808.644
1172:10.17161/KWPL.1808.429
926:California archaeology
351:
261:, he applied the term
218:
33:Algonquian–Wiyot–Yurok
4107:Constructed languages
1433:10.3406/jsa.1922.3991
1286:Proulx, Paul (2004).
1243:Proulx, Paul (1994).
1198:Proulx, Paul (1992).
1153:Proulx, Paul (1991).
349:
212:
2654:Binanderean–Goilalan
1663:Southern New England
342:Proto-Algic language
230:was first coined by
148:†- extinct language
5134:Algonquian–Wakashan
3936:(Maku-Auari/Jukude)
3839:Tequiraca–Canichana
3682:Harákmbut–Katukinan
2445:Northwest Caucasian
2439:Northeast Caucasian
2363:Chukotko-Kamchatkan
1942:Northwestern Ojibwa
1905:Border Lakes Ojibwa
1900:Berens River Ojibwa
1805:Carolina Algonquian
1683:Massachusett Pidgin
5122:Proposed groupings
4212:Language families
3558:Tarascan/Purépecha
3047:Northern Tasmanian
2805:South Bougainville
2766:North Bougainville
1655:Eastern Algonquian
1384:Sapir, E. (1922).
930:. Academic Press.
845:, n.s. 17:194–198.
594:Journals and books
352:
330:Wakashan languages
219:
5216:Language families
5198:
5197:
5180:Extinct languages
5117:
5116:
5113:
5112:
4928:
4927:
4854:
4853:
4608:
4607:
4584:Takelma–Kalapuyan
4167:
4166:
4117:Language isolates
4095:
4094:
4000:
3999:
3566:
3565:
3452:
3451:
3147:
3146:
3094:Western Tasmanian
3012:Eastern Tasmanian
2967:
2966:
2689:East Geelvink Bay
2619:
2618:
2310:
2309:
2134:
2133:
2128:extinct languages
2032:
2031:
1983:
1982:
1911:Broken Oghibbeway
1838:
1837:
1649:
1648:
905:978-0-521-23228-9
809:Michelson, Truman
719:978-0-16-048774-3
662:978-0-19-509427-5
232:Henry Schoolcraft
190:, a second-order
152:
151:
58:language families
31:Algonquian–Ritwan
5258:
5190:Linguistic areas
5077:
5076:
4898:
4897:
4803:
4802:
4516:
4515:
4295:
4294:
4194:
4187:
4180:
4171:
4170:
4013:
4012:
3967:Huaorani/Waorani
3851:(extant in 2000)
3815:Esmeralda–Yaruro
3586:Andoque–Urequena
3579:
3578:
3463:
3462:
3269:Plateau Penutian
3160:
3159:
3135:(Northern Daly?)
2978:
2977:
2864:Northwest Papuan
2828:Trans–New Guinea
2694:East New Britain
2669:Central Solomons
2635:
2634:
2380:Great Andamanese
2330:
2329:
2181:
2180:
2161:
2154:
2147:
2138:
2137:
2100:Proto-Algonquian
1932:Nipissing Ojibwa
1883:
1882:
1660:
1659:
1578:
1577:
1530:
1529:
1510:
1503:
1496:
1487:
1486:
1482:
1454:
1444:
1415:
1405:
1380:
1370:
1340:
1325:
1307:
1282:
1264:
1239:
1229:
1219:
1194:
1184:
1174:
1149:
1110:
1071:
1053:
1025:
1023:
1021:
1008:
983:
981:
979:
966:
941:
929:
909:
884:
859:(3/4): 131–171.
838:
804:
765:
723:
698:
696:
694:
666:
638:
582:
581:
579:
577:
563:
557:
551:
545:
539:
533:
523:
517:
508:
502:
496:
490:
484:
478:
475:Schoolcraft 1839
472:
466:
465:
459:
451:
425:
419:
418:
380:
307:Truman Michelson
236:Algic Researches
182:of northwestern
137:
128:
114:
86:
23:
22:
5266:
5265:
5261:
5260:
5259:
5257:
5256:
5255:
5211:Algic languages
5201:
5200:
5199:
5194:
5163:
5109:
5075:
5057:linguistic area
5056:
5048:
4937:linguistic area
4936:
4924:
4896:
4850:
4801:
4746:linguistic area
4745:
4737:
4711:linguistic area
4710:
4703:
4604:
4578:
4547:
4514:
4461:
4421:
4388:
4354:
4320:
4293:
4213:
4207:
4198:
4168:
4163:
4162:
4136:
4122:Mixed languages
4091:
4072:
4007:
3996:
3850:
3844:
3699:Katembri–Taruma
3573:
3562:
3534:
3448:
3341:
3154:
3143:
3114:
2963:
2875:
2834:Turama–Kikorian
2744:Lower Mamberamo
2699:East Strickland
2627:
2615:
2533:
2321:
2316:
2306:
2261:
2170:
2165:
2135:
2130:
2105:
2085:Proto-languages
2080:
2055:
2028:
1979:
1961:
1868:
1834:
1787:
1760:
1739:Pidgin Delaware
1716:
1645:
1619:
1567:
1519:
1517:Algic languages
1514:
1019:
1017:
977:
975:
938:
906:
720:
692:
690:
663:
596:
591:
586:
585:
575:
573:
565:
564:
560:
552:
548:
540:
536:
528:, p. 152;
524:
520:
509:
505:
497:
493:
485:
481:
473:
469:
453:
452:
440:
426:
422:
381:
374:
369:
357:
344:
338:
314:Sergei Nikolaev
312:More recently,
295:
224:
172:Atlantic Canada
168:Rocky Mountains
156:Algic languages
140:
124:
110:
39:
32:
19:
12:
11:
5:
5264:
5254:
5253:
5248:
5243:
5238:
5233:
5228:
5223:
5218:
5213:
5196:
5195:
5193:
5192:
5187:
5182:
5177:
5175:Classification
5171:
5169:
5165:
5164:
5162:
5161:
5156:
5151:
5149:Macro-Chibchan
5146:
5141:
5136:
5131:
5125:
5123:
5119:
5118:
5115:
5114:
5111:
5110:
5108:
5107:
5100:
5093:
5085:
5083:
5074:
5073:
5068:
5060:
5058:
5050:
5049:
5047:
5046:
5038:
5031:
5024:
5017:
5012:
5005:
5004:
5003:
4996:
4984:
4982:Tequistlatecan
4979:
4972:
4965:
4958:
4953:
4948:
4940:
4938:
4930:
4929:
4926:
4925:
4923:
4922:
4915:
4907:
4905:
4895:
4894:
4887:
4880:
4873:
4865:
4863:
4856:
4855:
4852:
4851:
4849:
4848:
4841:
4834:
4827:
4820:
4812:
4810:
4800:
4799:
4792:
4785:
4778:
4771:
4764:
4757:
4749:
4747:
4739:
4738:
4736:
4735:
4728:
4721:
4715:
4713:
4705:
4704:
4702:
4701:
4694:
4687:
4680:
4673:
4666:
4661:
4654:
4647:
4645:Tequistlatecan
4642:
4635:
4630:
4625:
4619:
4617:
4610:
4609:
4606:
4605:
4603:
4602:
4597:
4589:
4587:
4580:
4579:
4577:
4576:
4569:
4564:
4558:
4556:
4549:
4548:
4546:
4545:
4540:
4533:
4525:
4523:
4513:
4512:
4507:
4506:
4505:
4500:
4488:
4483:
4478:
4472:
4470:
4463:
4462:
4460:
4459:
4452:
4445:
4440:
4432:
4430:
4423:
4422:
4420:
4419:
4414:
4407:
4399:
4397:
4390:
4389:
4387:
4386:
4379:
4372:
4364:
4362:
4356:
4355:
4353:
4352:
4345:
4338:
4330:
4328:
4322:
4321:
4319:
4318:
4311:
4303:
4301:
4292:
4291:
4284:
4277:
4270:
4263:
4256:
4249:
4242:
4235:
4230:
4225:
4217:
4215:
4209:
4208:
4197:
4196:
4189:
4182:
4174:
4165:
4164:
4161:
4160:
4153:
4146:
4142:
4141:
4138:
4137:
4135:
4134:
4129:
4124:
4119:
4114:
4109:
4103:
4101:
4097:
4096:
4093:
4092:
4090:
4089:
4080:
4078:
4074:
4073:
4071:
4070:
4064:
4059:
4054:
4049:
4047:Indo-Pakistani
4044:
4039:
4032:
4027:
4022:
4016:
4010:
4002:
4001:
3998:
3997:
3995:
3994:
3989:
3984:
3979:
3974:
3969:
3964:
3959:
3954:
3948:
3943:
3938:
3930:
3925:
3918:
3913:
3907:
3902:
3897:
3892:
3886:
3881:
3876:
3871:
3866:
3861:
3854:
3852:
3846:
3845:
3843:
3842:
3836:
3830:
3824:
3818:
3812:
3806:
3800:
3795:
3790:
3785:
3780:
3775:
3768:
3763:
3758:
3753:
3748:
3746:Piaroa–Saliban
3743:
3736:
3731:
3726:
3721:
3716:
3711:
3706:
3701:
3696:
3691:
3684:
3679:
3674:
3669:
3664:
3659:
3654:
3647:
3642:
3635:
3630:
3625:
3620:
3615:
3610:
3605:
3598:
3593:
3588:
3582:
3576:
3568:
3567:
3564:
3563:
3561:
3560:
3555:
3550:
3542:
3540:
3536:
3535:
3533:
3532:
3525:
3518:
3513:
3511:Tequistlatecan
3508:
3501:
3496:
3491:
3484:
3477:
3472:
3466:
3460:
3454:
3453:
3450:
3449:
3447:
3446:
3441:
3436:
3431:
3424:
3419:
3412:
3405:
3398:
3391:
3384:
3379:
3374:
3369:
3364:
3357:
3349:
3347:
3343:
3342:
3340:
3339:
3334:
3327:
3320:
3315:
3308:
3303:
3298:
3293:
3288:
3281:
3276:
3271:
3266:
3259:
3252:
3247:
3240:
3235:
3228:
3223:
3218:
3211:
3204:
3197:
3190:
3183:
3178:
3171:
3163:
3157:
3149:
3148:
3145:
3144:
3142:
3141:
3136:
3130:
3122:
3120:
3116:
3115:
3113:
3112:
3102:
3097:
3090:
3085:
3080:
3075:
3069:
3062:
3057:
3050:
3043:
3038:
3034:Marrku–Wurrugu
3030:
3025:
3020:
3015:
3008:
3001:
2993:
2988:
2981:
2975:
2969:
2968:
2965:
2964:
2962:
2961:
2956:
2948:
2942:
2936:
2931:
2926:
2921:
2916:
2911:
2906:
2900:
2894:
2889:
2883:
2881:
2877:
2876:
2874:
2873:
2867:
2861:
2856:
2851:
2846:
2841:
2836:
2831:
2824:
2819:
2812:
2807:
2802:
2797:
2790:
2785:
2780:
2773:
2768:
2763:
2758:
2751:
2746:
2741:
2736:
2731:
2726:
2721:
2716:
2711:
2706:
2701:
2696:
2691:
2686:
2681:
2676:
2671:
2666:
2661:
2656:
2651:
2644:
2638:
2632:
2621:
2620:
2617:
2616:
2614:
2613:
2605:
2598:
2592:
2587:
2579:
2574:
2566:
2559:
2552:
2547:
2541:
2539:
2535:
2534:
2532:
2531:
2525:
2519:
2513:
2507:
2501:
2495:
2490:
2485:
2478:
2471:
2464:
2459:
2452:
2447:
2442:
2435:
2430:
2425:
2418:
2413:
2408:
2403:
2396:
2393:Hurro-Urartian
2389:
2382:
2377:
2372:
2365:
2360:
2353:
2346:
2341:
2333:
2327:
2312:
2311:
2308:
2307:
2305:
2304:
2298:
2292:
2287:
2280:
2275:
2269:
2267:
2263:
2262:
2260:
2259:
2253:
2247:
2241:
2235:
2229:
2224:
2216:
2209:
2204:
2199:
2192:
2184:
2178:
2172:
2171:
2164:
2163:
2156:
2149:
2141:
2132:
2131:
2110:
2107:
2106:
2104:
2103:
2096:
2088:
2086:
2082:
2081:
2079:
2078:
2071:
2063:
2061:
2057:
2056:
2054:
2053:
2048:
2040:
2038:
2034:
2033:
2030:
2029:
2027:
2026:
2021:
2018:Miami–Illinois
2014:
2009:
2004:
1999:
1991:
1989:
1985:
1984:
1981:
1980:
1978:
1977:
1971:
1969:
1963:
1962:
1960:
1959:
1957:Western Ojibwa
1954:
1949:
1944:
1939:
1934:
1929:
1927:Eastern Ojibwa
1924:
1919:
1917:Central Ojibwa
1914:
1907:
1902:
1897:
1891:
1889:
1880:
1870:
1869:
1867:
1866:
1861:
1860:
1859:
1852:Mesquakie–Sauk
1848:
1846:
1840:
1839:
1836:
1835:
1833:
1832:
1825:
1820:
1815:
1808:
1801:
1795:
1793:
1789:
1788:
1786:
1785:
1778:
1770:
1768:
1762:
1761:
1759:
1758:
1751:
1750:
1749:
1742:
1735:
1724:
1722:
1718:
1717:
1715:
1714:
1707:
1700:
1697:Mohegan–Pequot
1693:
1686:
1679:
1674:
1666:
1664:
1657:
1651:
1650:
1647:
1646:
1644:
1643:
1638:
1633:
1627:
1625:
1621:
1620:
1618:
1617:
1612:
1607:
1602:
1597:
1592:
1586:
1584:
1575:
1569:
1568:
1566:
1565:
1558:
1553:
1552:
1551:
1538:
1536:
1527:
1521:
1520:
1513:
1512:
1505:
1498:
1490:
1484:
1483:
1455:
1416:
1396:(1): 188–198.
1381:
1361:(4): 617–646.
1341:
1326:
1283:
1255:(2): 115–182.
1240:
1195:
1150:
1130:10.1086/465860
1111:
1091:10.1086/465826
1085:(2): 165–207.
1072:
1026:
999:(4): 289–328.
984:
942:
936:
919:
904:
885:
865:10.1086/463813
846:
839:
821:(2): 361–367.
805:
785:10.1086/464889
779:(2): 101–107.
766:
746:10.1086/464453
740:(3): 159–173.
724:
718:
699:
667:
661:
643:Campbell, Lyle
639:
619:10.1086/465750
613:(4): 412–420.
601:Berman, Howard
595:
592:
590:
587:
584:
583:
558:
546:
534:
518:
503:
501::540, 546, 564
491:
479:
467:
438:
420:
399:10.1086/465840
393:(3): 335–342.
371:
370:
368:
365:
364:
363:
356:
353:
340:Main article:
337:
336:Proto-language
334:
318:Nivkh language
294:
291:
287:Columbia River
223:
220:
192:proto-language
150:
149:
146:
142:
141:
138:
130:
129:
122:
116:
115:
108:
102:
101:
100:
99:
94:
87:
75:
71:
70:
65:
64:Proto-language
61:
60:
54:
48:
47:
41:
35:
34:
28:
27:
17:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5263:
5252:
5249:
5247:
5244:
5242:
5239:
5237:
5234:
5232:
5229:
5227:
5224:
5222:
5219:
5217:
5214:
5212:
5209:
5208:
5206:
5191:
5188:
5186:
5183:
5181:
5178:
5176:
5173:
5172:
5170:
5166:
5160:
5157:
5155:
5152:
5150:
5147:
5145:
5142:
5140:
5137:
5135:
5132:
5130:
5127:
5126:
5124:
5120:
5106:
5105:
5101:
5099:
5098:
5094:
5092:
5091:
5087:
5086:
5084:
5082:
5078:
5072:
5069:
5067:
5066:
5062:
5061:
5059:
5055:
5051:
5044:
5043:
5039:
5037:
5036:
5032:
5030:
5029:
5025:
5023:
5022:
5018:
5016:
5013:
5011:
5010:
5006:
5002:
5001:
4997:
4995:
4994:
4990:
4989:
4988:
4985:
4983:
4980:
4978:
4977:
4973:
4971:
4970:
4966:
4964:
4963:
4959:
4957:
4954:
4952:
4949:
4947:
4946:
4942:
4941:
4939:
4935:
4931:
4921:
4920:
4916:
4914:
4913:
4909:
4908:
4906:
4903:
4902:Calusa–Tunica
4899:
4893:
4892:
4888:
4886:
4885:
4881:
4879:
4878:
4874:
4872:
4871:
4867:
4866:
4864:
4861:
4857:
4847:
4846:
4842:
4840:
4839:
4835:
4833:
4832:
4828:
4826:
4825:
4821:
4819:
4818:
4814:
4813:
4811:
4808:
4804:
4798:
4797:
4793:
4791:
4790:
4786:
4784:
4783:
4779:
4777:
4776:
4772:
4770:
4769:
4765:
4763:
4762:
4758:
4756:
4755:
4751:
4750:
4748:
4744:
4740:
4734:
4733:
4729:
4727:
4726:
4722:
4720:
4717:
4716:
4714:
4712:
4706:
4700:
4699:
4695:
4693:
4692:
4688:
4686:
4685:
4681:
4679:
4678:
4674:
4672:
4671:
4667:
4665:
4662:
4660:
4659:
4655:
4653:
4652:
4648:
4646:
4643:
4641:
4640:
4636:
4634:
4631:
4629:
4626:
4624:
4621:
4620:
4618:
4615:
4611:
4601:
4598:
4596:
4595:
4591:
4590:
4588:
4585:
4581:
4575:
4574:
4570:
4568:
4565:
4563:
4560:
4559:
4557:
4554:
4550:
4544:
4541:
4539:
4538:
4534:
4532:
4531:
4527:
4526:
4524:
4521:
4517:
4511:
4508:
4504:
4501:
4499:
4498:
4494:
4493:
4492:
4489:
4487:
4484:
4482:
4479:
4477:
4474:
4473:
4471:
4468:
4464:
4458:
4457:
4453:
4451:
4450:
4446:
4444:
4441:
4439:
4438:
4434:
4433:
4431:
4428:
4424:
4418:
4415:
4413:
4412:
4408:
4406:
4405:
4401:
4400:
4398:
4395:
4391:
4385:
4384:
4380:
4378:
4377:
4373:
4371:
4370:
4366:
4365:
4363:
4361:
4357:
4351:
4350:
4346:
4344:
4343:
4339:
4337:
4336:
4332:
4331:
4329:
4327:
4323:
4317:
4316:
4312:
4310:
4309:
4305:
4304:
4302:
4300:
4296:
4290:
4289:
4285:
4283:
4282:
4278:
4276:
4275:
4271:
4269:
4268:
4264:
4262:
4261:
4257:
4255:
4254:
4250:
4248:
4247:
4243:
4241:
4240:
4236:
4234:
4231:
4229:
4226:
4224:
4223:
4219:
4218:
4216:
4210:
4206:
4205:North America
4202:
4195:
4190:
4188:
4183:
4181:
4176:
4175:
4172:
4158:
4154:
4151:
4147:
4144:
4143:
4139:
4133:
4130:
4128:
4125:
4123:
4120:
4118:
4115:
4113:
4110:
4108:
4105:
4104:
4102:
4098:
4088:
4087:
4082:
4081:
4079:
4075:
4068:
4065:
4063:
4060:
4058:
4057:Original Thai
4055:
4053:
4050:
4048:
4045:
4043:
4040:
4038:
4037:
4033:
4031:
4028:
4026:
4023:
4021:
4018:
4017:
4014:
4011:
4009:
4003:
3993:
3990:
3988:
3985:
3983:
3980:
3978:
3975:
3973:
3970:
3968:
3965:
3963:
3960:
3958:
3955:
3952:
3949:
3947:
3944:
3942:
3939:
3937:
3935:
3931:
3929:
3926:
3924:
3923:
3919:
3917:
3914:
3911:
3908:
3906:
3903:
3901:
3898:
3896:
3893:
3890:
3887:
3885:
3882:
3880:
3877:
3875:
3872:
3870:
3867:
3865:
3862:
3859:
3856:
3855:
3853:
3847:
3840:
3837:
3834:
3831:
3828:
3825:
3822:
3821:Hibito–Cholón
3819:
3816:
3813:
3810:
3807:
3804:
3801:
3799:
3796:
3794:
3791:
3789:
3786:
3784:
3781:
3779:
3776:
3774:
3773:
3769:
3767:
3764:
3762:
3759:
3757:
3754:
3752:
3749:
3747:
3744:
3742:
3741:
3737:
3735:
3732:
3730:
3727:
3725:
3722:
3720:
3717:
3715:
3712:
3710:
3707:
3705:
3702:
3700:
3697:
3695:
3692:
3690:
3689:
3685:
3683:
3680:
3678:
3675:
3673:
3670:
3668:
3665:
3663:
3660:
3658:
3655:
3653:
3652:
3648:
3646:
3643:
3641:
3640:
3636:
3634:
3631:
3629:
3626:
3624:
3621:
3619:
3616:
3614:
3611:
3609:
3606:
3604:
3603:
3599:
3597:
3594:
3592:
3589:
3587:
3584:
3583:
3580:
3577:
3575:
3569:
3559:
3556:
3554:
3551:
3549:
3548:
3544:
3543:
3541:
3537:
3531:
3530:
3526:
3524:
3523:
3519:
3517:
3514:
3512:
3509:
3507:
3506:
3502:
3500:
3497:
3495:
3492:
3490:
3489:
3485:
3483:
3482:
3478:
3476:
3473:
3471:
3468:
3467:
3464:
3461:
3459:
3455:
3445:
3442:
3440:
3437:
3435:
3432:
3430:
3429:
3425:
3423:
3420:
3418:
3417:
3413:
3411:
3410:
3406:
3404:
3403:
3399:
3397:
3396:
3392:
3390:
3389:
3385:
3383:
3380:
3378:
3375:
3373:
3370:
3368:
3365:
3363:
3362:
3358:
3356:
3355:
3351:
3350:
3348:
3344:
3338:
3337:Yuman–CochimĂ
3335:
3333:
3332:
3328:
3326:
3325:
3321:
3319:
3316:
3314:
3313:
3309:
3307:
3304:
3302:
3299:
3297:
3294:
3292:
3289:
3287:
3286:
3282:
3280:
3277:
3275:
3272:
3270:
3267:
3265:
3264:
3260:
3258:
3257:
3253:
3251:
3248:
3246:
3245:
3241:
3239:
3236:
3234:
3233:
3229:
3227:
3224:
3222:
3219:
3217:
3216:
3212:
3210:
3209:
3205:
3203:
3202:
3198:
3196:
3195:
3191:
3189:
3188:
3184:
3182:
3179:
3177:
3176:
3172:
3170:
3169:
3165:
3164:
3161:
3158:
3156:
3150:
3140:
3137:
3134:
3131:
3129:
3128:
3124:
3123:
3121:
3117:
3110:
3106:
3103:
3101:
3098:
3096:
3095:
3091:
3089:
3086:
3084:
3081:
3079:
3076:
3073:
3072:Southern Daly
3070:
3068:
3067:
3063:
3061:
3058:
3056:
3055:
3051:
3049:
3048:
3044:
3042:
3039:
3036:
3035:
3031:
3029:
3026:
3024:
3021:
3019:
3016:
3014:
3013:
3009:
3007:
3006:
3002:
2999:
2998:
2997:Darwin Region
2994:
2992:
2989:
2986:
2983:
2982:
2979:
2976:
2974:
2970:
2960:
2957:
2955:
2953:
2949:
2946:
2943:
2940:
2937:
2935:
2932:
2930:
2927:
2925:
2922:
2920:
2917:
2915:
2912:
2910:
2907:
2904:
2901:
2898:
2895:
2893:
2890:
2888:
2885:
2884:
2882:
2878:
2871:
2868:
2865:
2862:
2860:
2857:
2855:
2852:
2850:
2847:
2845:
2842:
2840:
2837:
2835:
2832:
2830:
2829:
2825:
2823:
2820:
2818:
2817:
2813:
2811:
2808:
2806:
2803:
2801:
2798:
2796:
2795:
2791:
2789:
2786:
2784:
2781:
2779:
2778:
2774:
2772:
2769:
2767:
2764:
2762:
2759:
2757:
2756:
2752:
2750:
2747:
2745:
2742:
2740:
2737:
2735:
2732:
2730:
2727:
2725:
2722:
2720:
2717:
2715:
2712:
2710:
2707:
2705:
2702:
2700:
2697:
2695:
2692:
2690:
2687:
2685:
2682:
2680:
2679:Demta–Sentani
2677:
2675:
2672:
2670:
2667:
2665:
2662:
2660:
2657:
2655:
2652:
2650:
2649:
2645:
2643:
2640:
2639:
2636:
2633:
2631:
2626:
2622:
2612:
2610:
2606:
2604:
2603:
2599:
2596:
2593:
2591:
2588:
2586:
2584:
2580:
2578:
2575:
2573:
2571:
2567:
2565:
2564:
2560:
2558:
2557:
2553:
2551:
2548:
2546:
2543:
2542:
2540:
2536:
2529:
2526:
2523:
2520:
2517:
2514:
2511:
2508:
2505:
2502:
2499:
2496:
2494:
2491:
2489:
2486:
2484:
2483:
2479:
2477:
2476:
2472:
2470:
2469:
2465:
2463:
2460:
2458:
2457:
2453:
2451:
2448:
2446:
2443:
2441:
2440:
2436:
2434:
2431:
2429:
2426:
2424:
2423:
2419:
2417:
2414:
2412:
2409:
2407:
2404:
2402:
2401:
2400:Indo-European
2397:
2395:
2394:
2390:
2388:
2387:
2383:
2381:
2378:
2376:
2373:
2371:
2370:
2366:
2364:
2361:
2359:
2358:
2354:
2352:
2351:
2350:Austroasiatic
2347:
2345:
2342:
2340:
2339:
2335:
2334:
2331:
2328:
2325:
2320:
2313:
2302:
2299:
2296:
2293:
2291:
2288:
2286:
2285:
2281:
2279:
2276:
2274:
2271:
2270:
2268:
2264:
2257:
2254:
2251:
2248:
2245:
2242:
2239:
2236:
2233:
2230:
2228:
2225:
2222:
2221:
2217:
2215:
2214:
2210:
2208:
2205:
2203:
2200:
2198:
2197:
2193:
2191:
2190:
2186:
2185:
2182:
2179:
2177:
2173:
2169:
2162:
2157:
2155:
2150:
2148:
2143:
2142:
2139:
2129:
2125:
2121:
2117:
2113:
2108:
2102:
2101:
2097:
2095:
2094:
2090:
2089:
2087:
2083:
2077:
2076:
2072:
2070:
2069:
2065:
2064:
2062:
2058:
2052:
2049:
2047:
2046:
2042:
2041:
2039:
2035:
2025:
2022:
2020:
2019:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2005:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1997:
1993:
1992:
1990:
1986:
1976:
1973:
1972:
1970:
1968:
1964:
1958:
1955:
1953:
1950:
1948:
1945:
1943:
1940:
1938:
1935:
1933:
1930:
1928:
1925:
1923:
1920:
1918:
1915:
1913:
1912:
1908:
1906:
1903:
1901:
1898:
1896:
1893:
1892:
1890:
1888:
1884:
1881:
1879:
1875:
1871:
1865:
1862:
1858:
1855:
1854:
1853:
1850:
1849:
1847:
1845:
1841:
1831:
1830:
1826:
1824:
1821:
1819:
1816:
1814:
1813:
1809:
1807:
1806:
1802:
1800:
1797:
1796:
1794:
1790:
1784:
1783:
1779:
1777:
1776:
1772:
1771:
1769:
1767:
1763:
1757:
1756:
1752:
1748:
1747:
1743:
1741:
1740:
1736:
1734:
1731:
1730:
1729:
1726:
1725:
1723:
1719:
1713:
1712:
1708:
1706:
1705:
1701:
1699:
1698:
1694:
1692:
1691:
1687:
1685:
1684:
1680:
1678:
1675:
1673:
1672:
1668:
1667:
1665:
1661:
1658:
1656:
1652:
1642:
1639:
1637:
1634:
1632:
1629:
1628:
1626:
1622:
1616:
1613:
1611:
1608:
1606:
1603:
1601:
1598:
1596:
1593:
1591:
1588:
1587:
1585:
1583:
1579:
1576:
1574:
1570:
1564:
1563:
1562:Nawathinehena
1559:
1557:
1554:
1550:
1549:
1545:
1544:
1543:
1540:
1539:
1537:
1535:
1531:
1528:
1526:
1522:
1518:
1511:
1506:
1504:
1499:
1497:
1492:
1491:
1488:
1480:
1476:
1472:
1468:
1464:
1460:
1456:
1452:
1448:
1443:
1438:
1434:
1430:
1426:
1422:
1417:
1413:
1409:
1404:
1399:
1395:
1391:
1387:
1382:
1378:
1374:
1369:
1364:
1360:
1356:
1355:
1350:
1346:
1345:Sapir, Edward
1342:
1338:
1334:
1333:
1327:
1323:
1319:
1315:
1311:
1306:
1301:
1297:
1293:
1289:
1284:
1280:
1276:
1272:
1268:
1263:
1258:
1254:
1250:
1246:
1241:
1237:
1233:
1228:
1223:
1218:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1201:
1196:
1192:
1188:
1183:
1178:
1173:
1168:
1164:
1160:
1156:
1151:
1147:
1143:
1139:
1135:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1119:
1118:
1112:
1108:
1104:
1100:
1096:
1092:
1088:
1084:
1080:
1079:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1057:
1052:
1047:
1043:
1039:
1035:
1031:
1027:
1016:
1012:
1007:
1002:
998:
994:
990:
985:
974:
970:
965:
960:
956:
952:
948:
943:
939:
937:9780125061803
933:
928:
927:
920:
917:
916:0-521-29875-X
913:
907:
901:
897:
894:. Cambridge:
893:
892:
886:
882:
878:
874:
870:
866:
862:
858:
854:
853:
847:
844:
840:
836:
832:
828:
824:
820:
816:
815:
810:
806:
802:
798:
794:
790:
786:
782:
778:
774:
773:
767:
763:
759:
755:
751:
747:
743:
739:
735:
734:
729:
728:Haas, Mary R.
725:
721:
715:
711:
707:
706:
700:
689:
685:
681:
677:
673:
668:
664:
658:
654:
650:
649:
644:
640:
636:
632:
628:
624:
620:
616:
612:
608:
607:
602:
598:
597:
572:
571:glottolog.org
568:
562:
555:
554:Nikolaev 2016
550:
543:
542:Nikolaev 2015
538:
532:, p. 337
531:
527:
526:Campbell 2000
522:
516:
512:
511:Campbell 2000
507:
500:
495:
488:
483:
476:
471:
463:
457:
449:
445:
441:
439:9780520949522
435:
431:
424:
416:
412:
408:
404:
400:
396:
392:
388:
387:
379:
377:
372:
362:
359:
358:
348:
343:
333:
331:
327:
323:
319:
315:
310:
308:
304:
300:
290:
288:
284:
281:according to
280:
279:Lake Superior
276:
272:
268:
264:
260:
256:
252:
247:
245:
241:
237:
233:
229:
216:
211:
207:
205:
201:
197:
193:
189:
185:
181:
177:
173:
169:
165:
161:
157:
147:
143:
136:
131:
127:
123:
121:
117:
113:
109:
107:
103:
98:
95:
93:
92:
88:
83:
82:
78:
77:
76:
72:
69:
66:
62:
59:
55:
53:
49:
46:
45:North America
42:
36:
29:
24:
21:
16:
5139:Aztec–Tanoan
5102:
5095:
5090:Guanahatabey
5088:
5081:Pre-Arawakan
5063:
5040:
5033:
5026:
5019:
5007:
4998:
4991:
4976:Oto-Manguean
4974:
4967:
4960:
4943:
4934:Mesoamerican
4917:
4910:
4889:
4882:
4875:
4868:
4843:
4836:
4829:
4822:
4815:
4794:
4787:
4780:
4773:
4766:
4759:
4752:
4743:Coahuiltecan
4730:
4723:
4696:
4689:
4682:
4675:
4668:
4656:
4649:
4637:
4592:
4571:
4553:Coast Oregon
4535:
4528:
4495:
4454:
4447:
4435:
4427:Macro-Siouan
4409:
4402:
4381:
4374:
4367:
4359:
4347:
4340:
4333:
4313:
4306:
4286:
4279:
4272:
4265:
4258:
4251:
4244:
4237:
4220:
4214:and isolates
4156:
4149:
4148:Families in
4083:
4034:
3932:
3920:
3770:
3738:
3729:Pano-Tacanan
3686:
3649:
3637:
3608:Arutani–Sape
3600:
3545:
3527:
3520:
3505:Oto-Manguean
3503:
3486:
3479:
3426:
3414:
3407:
3400:
3393:
3386:
3359:
3352:
3329:
3322:
3310:
3283:
3261:
3254:
3242:
3230:
3213:
3206:
3199:
3192:
3185:
3173:
3167:
3166:
3125:
3092:
3088:Western Daly
3066:Pama–Nyungan
3064:
3052:
3045:
3032:
3010:
3005:Eastern Daly
3003:
2995:
2950:
2826:
2814:
2792:
2775:
2753:
2724:Kaure–Kosare
2684:Doso–Turumsa
2674:Chimbu–Wahgi
2664:Bulaka River
2648:Austronesian
2646:
2607:
2600:
2581:
2568:
2561:
2554:
2480:
2473:
2466:
2456:Sino-Tibetan
2454:
2437:
2420:
2398:
2391:
2384:
2367:
2357:Austronesian
2355:
2348:
2336:
2282:
2220:Nilo-Saharan
2218:
2211:
2196:Austronesian
2194:
2187:
2123:
2098:
2091:
2073:
2066:
2043:
2016:
1994:
1909:
1827:
1810:
1803:
1780:
1773:
1765:
1753:
1744:
1737:
1709:
1704:Narragansett
1702:
1695:
1688:
1681:
1677:Massachusett
1669:
1560:
1546:
1516:
1462:
1427:(1): 36–74.
1424:
1420:
1393:
1389:
1358:
1352:
1331:
1295:
1291:
1252:
1248:
1207:
1203:
1162:
1158:
1124:(1): 59–93.
1121:
1115:
1082:
1076:
1041:
1037:
1030:Proulx, Paul
1018:. Retrieved
996:
992:
976:. Retrieved
957:(1): 23–61.
954:
950:
925:
890:
856:
850:
842:
818:
812:
776:
770:
737:
731:
704:
691:. Retrieved
679:
675:
651:. New York:
647:
610:
604:
589:Bibliography
574:. Retrieved
570:
561:
549:
537:
521:
506:
499:Moratto 1984
494:
487:Goddard 1994
482:
470:
429:
423:
390:
384:
311:
303:Edward Sapir
296:
283:Ives Goddard
262:
251:Edward Sapir
248:
235:
227:
225:
155:
153:
89:
79:
74:Subdivisions
40:distribution
20:
15:
5144:Macro-Mayan
5009:Uto-Aztecan
4987:Totozoquean
4817:Coahuilteco
4628:Palaihnihan
4510:Tsimshianic
4042:Germanosign
3946:Mura-PirahĂŁ
3827:Lule–Vilela
3803:Bora-Witoto
3778:Uru–Chipaya
3751:Ticuna–Yuri
3734:Peba–Yaguan
3719:Nambikwaran
3522:Uto-Aztecan
3458:Mesoamerica
3312:Uto-Aztecan
3301:Tsimshianic
3263:Palaihnihan
3133:Malak-Malak
2870:Papuan Gulf
2844:West Papuan
2749:Lower Sepik
2739:Lakes Plain
2642:Arai–Samaia
2630:the Pacific
2338:Afroasiatic
2213:Niger–Congo
2189:Afroasiatic
2093:Proto-Algic
1766:Nanticockan
1610:Swampy Cree
1605:Plains Cree
1556:Gros Ventre
1298:: 124–138.
1165:: 129–170.
1044:: 119–123.
1020:December 1,
978:December 1,
693:December 1,
688:10088/21761
530:Mithun 1999
255:genetically
206:languages.
188:Proto-Algic
68:Proto-Algic
5205:Categories
5000:Mixe–Zoque
4969:Misumalpan
4891:Chitimacha
4383:Algonquian
4349:Athabaskan
4228:Yuki–Wappo
4036:Francosign
3884:Chiquitano
3864:Alacalufan
3672:Guaicuruan
3645:Chapacuran
3628:Cahuapanan
3596:Araucanian
3499:Mixe–Zoque
3494:Misumalpan
3208:Comecrudan
3060:Nyulnyulan
2839:Upper Yuat
2816:Torricelli
2788:Senu River
2719:Foja Range
2625:New Guinea
2550:Burushaski
2411:Kartvelian
2386:Hmong–Mien
2202:Khoe–Kwadi
1975:Potawatomi
1967:Potawatomi
1878:Potawatomi
1782:Piscataway
1636:Innu-aimun
1615:Woods Cree
1600:Moose Cree
1548:Besawunena
1525:Algonquian
1442:1974/11913
367:References
326:Amur river
259:California
184:California
164:Algonquian
97:Algonquian
38:Geographic
5154:Tolatecan
5054:Caribbean
5042:AlagĂĽilac
5035:Purépecha
5021:Cuitlatec
4993:Totonacan
4951:Jicaquean
4870:Muskogean
4845:Mamulique
4831:Comecrudo
4761:Karankawa
4664:Jicaquean
4651:Chimariko
4600:Kalapuyan
4543:Sahaptian
4491:Yok-Utian
4476:Chinookan
4449:Iroquoian
4417:Chimakuan
4233:Chumashan
4067:Tanzanian
4008:languages
3905:HodĂŻ/Joti
3849:Isolates
3788:Yanomaman
3724:Otomákoan
3688:Jirajaran
3677:Guajiboan
3639:Catacaoan
3618:Barbacoan
3547:Cuitlatec
3516:Totonacan
3475:Jicaquean
3354:Chimariko
3250:Muskogean
3232:Kalapuyan
3226:Iroquoian
3201:Chumashan
3194:Chinookan
3187:Chimakuan
3105:Yangmanic
3100:Worrorran
3083:Wagaydyic
2973:Australia
2822:Trans-Fly
2488:Yeniseian
2475:Tyrsenian
2369:Dravidian
2126:indicate
2068:Nansemond
2060:Uncertain
2012:Menominee
2002:Blackfoot
1895:Algonquin
1775:Nanticoke
1721:Delawaran
1631:Atikamekw
1590:East Cree
1534:Arapahoan
1479:17492450M
1451:0037-9174
1412:0002-7294
1377:0002-7294
1322:1043-3805
1314:1808/1247
1279:1043-3805
1236:1043-3805
1210:: 11–57.
1191:1043-3805
1146:143787643
1138:0020-7071
1107:144185501
1099:0020-7071
1068:1043-3805
1060:1808/3621
1015:212688688
973:212688261
881:143895922
873:0020-7071
835:0002-7294
801:144355911
793:0020-7071
762:143214234
754:0020-7071
635:144518292
627:0020-7071
515:Haas 1958
456:cite book
448:755008853
415:144285942
407:0020-7071
240:Allegheny
226:The term
120:Glottolog
106:ISO 639-5
43:northern
5065:Arawakan
4945:Chibchan
4824:Cotoname
4782:Quinigua
4768:Maratino
4467:Penutian
4411:Wakashan
4404:Salishan
4315:Eskimoan
4299:Eskaleut
4100:See also
4077:Isolates
4052:Japanese
3992:Yuracaré
3874:Candoshi
3833:Macro-JĂŞ
3798:Zaparoan
3793:Zamucoan
3783:Witotoan
3766:Tucanoan
3761:Tiniguan
3756:Timotean
3740:Quechuan
3709:Matacoan
3704:Mascoian
3694:Jivaroan
3657:Chibchan
3651:Charruan
3602:Arawakan
3539:Isolates
3470:Chibchan
3346:Isolates
3318:Wakashan
3279:Salishan
3221:Eskaleut
3127:Giimbiyu
3119:Isolates
3028:Jarrakan
3023:Iwaidjan
2880:Isolates
2734:Kutubuan
2602:Sumerian
2538:Isolates
2493:Yukaghir
2462:Tungusic
2428:Mongolic
2416:Koreanic
2375:Eskaleut
2266:Isolates
2250:Ubangian
2075:Pamunkey
2007:Cheyenne
1947:Oji-Cree
1922:Chippewa
1864:Kickapoo
1829:Powhatan
1812:Etchemin
1728:Delaware
1461:(1839).
1347:(1913).
1271:1808/321
1227:1808/644
1182:1808/429
1032:(1982).
355:See also
324:and the
322:Sakhalin
275:homeland
267:urheimat
244:Atlantic
213:Text in
198:and the
126:algi1248
5129:Amerind
5104:Ciguayo
5097:Macorix
5071:Cariban
5045: ?
4904: ?
4884:Atakapa
4877:Natchez
4862: ?
4809: ?
4807:Pakawan
4796:Tonkawa
4754:Aranama
4709:Pueblo
4677:Salinan
4658:Esselen
4623:Shastan
4616: ?
4594:Takelma
4586: ?
4573:Siuslaw
4555: ?
4530:Klamath
4522: ?
4520:Plateau
4486:Maiduan
4481:Wintuan
4469: ?
4443:Caddoan
4429: ?
4396: ?
4335:Tlingit
4326:Na-Dene
4281:Waikuri
4274:Timucua
4267:Kutenai
4246:Beothuk
4150:italics
4127:Pidgins
4112:Creoles
4062:Swedish
4030:Chinese
3977:Urarina
3962:Puinave
3916:Itonama
3910:Irantxe
3879:Chimane
3809:Chimuan
3714:Nadahup
3633:Cariban
3613:Aymaran
3574:America
3416:Waikuri
3409:Tonkawa
3402:Timucua
3395:Takelma
3388:Siuslaw
3377:Kutenai
3361:Esselen
3324:Wintuan
3285:Shastan
3256:Na-Dene
3244:Maiduan
3181:Caddoan
3155:America
3109:Wagiman
3107:(incl.
3078:Tangkic
3018:Garawan
2991:Bunuban
2952:Tambora
2919:Maybrat
2887:Abinomn
2810:Teberan
2771:Pauwasi
2761:Mairasi
2729:Kiwaian
2609:Tambora
2595:Shompen
2577:Kusunda
2570:Kenaboi
2556:Elamite
2528:Siangic
2510:Kho-Bwa
2504:Hrusish
2422:Kra–Dai
2406:Japonic
2315:Eurasia
2290:Sandawe
2273:Bangime
2238:Songhay
2124:Italics
2024:Shawnee
1823:Mi'kmaq
1799:Abenaki
1755:Mahican
1641:Naskapi
1542:Arapaho
1471:6836253
910:(hbk);
576:July 6,
299:genetic
234:in his
222:History
5159:Waroid
5015:Xincan
4956:Lencan
4919:Calusa
4912:Tunica
4789:Solano
4775:Naolan
4719:Tanoan
4633:Pomoan
4567:Coosan
4562:Alsean
4537:Molala
4497:Yokuts
4437:Siouan
4288:PericĂş
4260:Cayuse
4025:BANZSL
3987:Yamana
3972:Trumai
3941:Movima
3895:FulniĂ´
3858:AikanĂŁ
3772:Tupian
3667:Chonan
3591:Arauan
3529:Xincan
3481:Lencan
3434:Yokuts
3331:Yukian
3296:Tanoan
3291:Siouan
3274:Pomoan
3215:Coosan
3041:Mirndi
2934:Porome
2929:Pawaia
2783:Senagi
2755:Madang
2704:Eleman
2659:Border
2590:Nihali
2583:Minoan
2563:Hattic
2545:Basque
2516:Mijiic
2498:Digaro
2482:Uralic
2468:Turkic
2319:Europe
2176:Africa
2116:Pidgin
2112:Creole
2037:Others
1988:Others
1952:Ottawa
1887:Ojibwa
1874:Ojibwa
1792:Others
1733:Munsee
1624:Others
1595:Michif
1477:
1469:
1449:
1410:
1375:
1320:
1277:
1234:
1189:
1144:
1136:
1105:
1097:
1066:
1013:
971:
934:
914:
902:
879:
871:
833:
799:
791:
760:
752:
716:
659:
633:
625:
446:
436:
413:
405:
5168:Lists
5028:Huave
4962:Mayan
4838:Garza
4725:Keres
4691:Washo
4670:Karuk
4639:Yuman
4614:Hokan
4503:Utian
4456:Yuchi
4394:Mosan
4376:Yurok
4369:Wiyot
4360:Algic
4308:Aleut
4253:Bidai
4222:Haida
3982:Warao
3951:Nukak
3922:Kunza
3900:GuatĂł
3889:Cofán
3869:Camsá
3662:Choco
3623:Boran
3572:South
3553:Huave
3488:Mayan
3439:Yuchi
3422:Washo
3372:Karuk
3367:Haida
3306:Utian
3238:Keres
3175:Alsea
3168:Algic
3153:North
2945:Taiap
2939:Sulka
2794:Sepik
2709:Engan
2450:Ongan
2433:Nivkh
2301:Shabo
2284:Jalaa
2278:Hadza
2232:Mande
2120:Mixed
2051:Yurok
2045:Wiyot
1746:Unami
1142:S2CID
1103:S2CID
1011:S2CID
969:S2CID
877:S2CID
797:S2CID
758:S2CID
631:S2CID
411:S2CID
263:Algic
249:When
228:Algic
204:Yurok
200:Wiyot
180:Wiyot
176:Yurok
145:Notes
91:Yurok
81:Wiyot
26:Algic
4860:Gulf
4732:Zuni
4698:Yana
4684:Seri
4342:Eyak
4239:Adai
4157:bold
4084:See
4020:Arab
4006:Sign
3957:Páez
3934:Maku
3928:Leco
3444:Zuni
3428:Yana
3382:Seri
3139:Tiwi
2959:Wiru
2924:Mpur
2914:Kuot
2897:AnĂŞm
2892:Abun
2859:Yuat
2854:Yawa
2800:Skou
2777:Ramu
2628:and
2522:Miju
2344:Ainu
2324:Asia
2322:and
2295:Laal
2256:Kadu
2244:Ijaw
2207:Kx'a
1857:Sauk
1671:Loup
1582:Cree
1467:OCLC
1447:ISSN
1408:ISSN
1373:ISSN
1318:ISSN
1275:ISSN
1232:ISSN
1187:ISSN
1134:ISSN
1095:ISSN
1064:ISSN
1022:2018
980:2018
932:ISBN
912:ISBN
900:ISBN
869:ISSN
831:ISSN
789:ISSN
750:ISSN
714:ISBN
695:2018
657:ISBN
623:ISSN
578:2024
489::207
462:link
444:OCLC
434:ISBN
403:ISSN
297:The
242:and
215:Cree
202:and
178:and
154:The
4203:of
2909:Kol
2903:Ata
2849:Yam
2714:Fas
2227:Tuu
1437:hdl
1429:doi
1398:doi
1363:doi
1310:hdl
1300:doi
1267:hdl
1257:doi
1222:hdl
1212:doi
1177:hdl
1167:doi
1126:doi
1087:doi
1056:hdl
1046:doi
1001:doi
959:doi
861:doi
823:doi
781:doi
742:doi
684:hdl
615:doi
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