1529:
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1979:
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attack the Innu, who retaliated in an attempt to reclaim their ancestral territory. The Innu had a disadvantage in numbers and weaponry, and eventually began to avoid the area rather than risk further defeat. During this conflict, the French colonists took many Innu women as wives. French women did not immigrate to New France in the early period.
2348:. These children's toys originally served a dual purpose for nomadic Innu tribes. When travelling vast distances over challenging terrain, the people left nothing behind. They believed that "Crow" would take it away. Everyone, including young children, helped to transport essential goods. Innu women made intricate dolls from
2566:
hide on a frame. They rubbed it with a mixture of animal brain and pine needle tea to soften it. The dampened hide was formed into a ball and left overnight. In the morning, it would be stretched again, then placed over a smoker to smoke and tan it. The hide was left overnight. The finished hide was called buckskin.
1882:
The Innu people of
Labrador formally organized the Naskapi Montagnais Innu Association in 1976 to protect their rights, lands, and way of life against industrialization and other outside forces. The organization changed its name to the Innu Nation in 1990 and functions today as the governing body of
1590:
and killed two of the Mohawk chiefs with one shot; one of his men shot and killed the third. The Mohawk reportedly fled the scene. Although the French also traded extensively with the Mohawk and other
Iroquois, and converted some to Catholicism, they also continued to have armed conflicts with them.
1562:
Two distinct versions of the oral history describe the outcome. In the first, the French used gifts of farmed food and manufactured goods to encourage the Innu to become dependent on them. Then, the French changed it to a mercantile relationship: trading these items to the Innu in exchange for furs.
1826:
region have never officially ceded their territory to Canada by way of treaty or other agreement. But, as
European-Canadians began widespread forest and mining operations at the turn of the 20th century, the Innu became increasingly settled in coastal communities and in the interior of Quebec. The
2565:
Traditionally, buckskin leather was a most important material used for clothing, boots, moccasins, house covers and storage. Women prepared the hides and many of the products made from it. They scraped the hides to remove all fur, then left them outside to freeze. The next step was to stretch the
2352:
hides and scraps of cloth. They filled the dolls with tea and gave them to young girls to carry on long journeys. The girls could play with the dolls while also carrying important goods. Every able-bodied person carried something. Men generally carried the heavier bags and women would carry young
1566:
The second, and more widespread, version of the oral history describes a more immediate conflict. In this version, the Innu taught the French how to survive in their traditional lands. Once the French had learned enough to survive on their own, they began to resent the Innu. The French began to
2369:
with ones made of cloth. Most still wore boots and pants made from caribou hide. Women wore long dresses of buckskin. Contemporary Innu women have often replaced these with manufactured pants and jackets. Women traditionally wore their hair long or in two coils. Men wore theirs long.
1586:, who were the easternmost tribe of the Five Nations of the Iroquois Confederacy. A battle began the next day. As two hundred Iroquois advanced on Champlain's position, a native guide pointed out the three enemy chiefs to the French. According to legend, Champlain fired his
1522:. They took women and young males as captive slaves, and plundered their hunting grounds in search of more furs. Since these raids were made by the Iroquois with unprecedented brutality, the Innu themselves adopted the torment, torture, and cruelty of their enemies.
2373:
Both genders wore necklaces made of bone and bead. Smoke pipes were used by both genders, marked for women as shorter. If a man killed a bear, it was a sign of joy and initiation into adulthood and the man would wear a necklace made from the bear's claws.
2113:
Chief
Georges-Ernest Grégoire of the Innu community in Eastern Quebec urged the governor not to proceed with a plan to buy hydroelectric power from Canada, saying the dam complex that would be built would affect the traditional way of life for his
705:), live farther north and are less numerous. The Innu recognize several distinctions among their people (e.g. Mushuau Innuat, Maskuanu, Uashau Innuat) based on different regional affiliations and speakers of various dialects of the Innu language.
2886:
1599:
The southern bands of the
Montagnais-Naksapi were encountered by Europeans early in the seventeenth century while the northern ones, except for some on James Bay, were not well known until the nineteenth century.
2072:
facilities has generated controversy, because it was dependent on construction of a new dam complex and transmission lines that would have interfered with the traditional ways of the Innu. According to the
417:
for several thousand years. To support their seasonal hunting migrations, they created portable tents made of animal skins. Their subsistence activities were historically centred on hunting and trapping
1570:
French explorer Samuel de
Champlain eventually became involved in the Innu's conflict with the Iroquois, who were ranging north from their traditional territory around the Great Lakes in present-day
1851:, fishing). Because of these social disruptions and the systemic disadvantages faced by Indigenous peoples, community life in the permanent settlements often became associated with high levels of
2617:. While people still walk and use snowshoes where necessary for hunting or trapping, many Innu communities rely heavily on trucks, SUVs, and cars; in northern Innu communities, people use
529:
peoples, today only the singular form "Innu / Ilnu" is used for the Innu, members of the large Cree-language family. The plural form of "Innut / Innuat / Ilnuatsh" has been abandoned.
2101:
are fighting to prevent this proposed contract, which would have to be approved by New York's
Governor, under his regulatory authority. The problem is that construction of required
494:
or "Eastern
Montagnais" ("Central / Moisie Montagnais", "Eastern/Lower North Shore Montagnais", and "Labrador / North West River Montagnais") live further north; they speak the
1563:
When the nomadic Innu went inland for the winter, the French increased the size and population of their settlement considerably, eventually completely displacing the Innu.
1049:
3548:
Vincent, Sylvie (2006). "The
Uepishtikueiau Narrative: The Arrival of the French at the site of Québec City according to Innu Oral Tradition". In Christie, Gordon (ed.).
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to represent community concerns. The chiefs of both councils sit on the Innu Nation's board of directors and the three groups work in cooperation with one another.
1843:
churches, all encouraged the Innu to settle in more permanent, majority-style communities, in the belief that their lives would improve with this adaptation. This
3838:
3938:
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Speck, Frank G., 1917, Medicine
Practices of the Northeastern Algonquians, Proceedings of the 19th International Congress of Americanists Pp. 303-321, page 313
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in the mid-1700s and only in Davis Inlet / Natuashish since 1771, when the Moravian Church set up the first mission at Nuneingoak on the Labrador coast.
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site. They also negotiated compensation for another project on the Upper Churchill, where large tracts of traditional Innu hunting lands were flooded.
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as fraught with distrust. Neither group understood the language of the other, and the Innu were concerned about the motives of the French explorers.
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By 1850, the Chisedec, Oumamiwek, and Papinachois had disappeared or been renamed, and many new bands in the north of Nitassinan were discovered:
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being the northernmost group. Both groups differ in dialect and partly also in their way of life and culture. These differences include:
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communities of northern Quebec and northern Labrador. Gradually it came to refer to the people known today as the Naskapi First Nation.
3931:
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763:(plural), while related to the Naskapi, split off from the tribe in the 1900s. They were subject to a government relocation program at
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994:
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1934:
In the 1999 study of Innu communities in Labrador, Survival International concluded that government policies violated contemporary
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in 2002 and is currently involved in land claim and self-governance negotiations with the federal and provincial governments.
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The houses of the Montagnais were cone shaped. The Naskapi made long, domed houses covered in caribou hides. These days the
2365:
long shirt, all made by women. With the introduction of trade cloth from the French and English, people began replacing the
2218:
2214:
2048:; they did so in 1978. As a consequence, the Naskapi of Kawawachikamach are no longer subject to certain provisions of the
3700:
Katrina Kieltyka, "Sierra Club fighting plan to buy Canadian power: Say hydroelectric dams would harm indigenous people,"
2836:
2574:
The oral traditions of the Innu are noted as similar to those of other Cree-speaking cultures. Of particular relevance is
4493:
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336:
3891:
2507:
1582:, (historians are not sure which of these two places), Champlain and his party encountered a group of Iroquois, likely
1555:. According to oral tradition, the Innu at first declined their request. The French demonstrated their ability to farm
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The Naskapi, on the other hand, usually had to confront the southward advancing Inuit in the east of the peninsula.
1417:
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127:
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3512:. Government of Canada; CrownâIndigenous Relations and Northern Affairs Canada; Communications Branch. May 3, 2024
3469:. Government of Canada; CrownâIndigenous Relations and Northern Affairs Canada; Communications Branch. May 3, 2024
3426:. Government of Canada; CrownâIndigenous Relations and Northern Affairs Canada; Communications Branch. May 3, 2024
3383:. Government of Canada; CrownâIndigenous Relations and Northern Affairs Canada; Communications Branch. May 3, 2024
3323:. Government of Canada; CrownâIndigenous Relations and Northern Affairs Canada; Communications Branch. May 3, 2024
3263:. Government of Canada; CrownâIndigenous Relations and Northern Affairs Canada; Communications Branch. May 3, 2024
3220:. Government of Canada; CrownâIndigenous Relations and Northern Affairs Canada; Communications Branch. May 3, 2024
3177:. Government of Canada; CrownâIndigenous Relations and Northern Affairs Canada; Communications Branch. May 3, 2024
3134:. Government of Canada; CrownâIndigenous Relations and Northern Affairs Canada; Communications Branch. May 3, 2024
3091:. Government of Canada; CrownâIndigenous Relations and Northern Affairs Canada; Communications Branch. May 3, 2024
3048:. Government of Canada; CrownâIndigenous Relations and Northern Affairs Canada; Communications Branch. May 3, 2024
99:
2081:
he "New York Power Authority is in preliminary discussions and considering the liability of a new contract with
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2170:
2004:
1413:
1240:
568:
84:
1947:
4539:
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on the land and promised they would share their bounty with the Innu in the future, which the Innu accepted.
884:
1957:
public health crisis. At their request, the community was relocated to a nearby mainland site, now known as
106:
4433:
4322:
3947:
2311:"Buckle up your children" sign in Innu-aimun language, in the Pointe-Parent reserve near Natasquan, Quebec.
1961:. At the same time, the Canadian government created the Natuashish and Sheshatshiu band councils under the
385:
3617:
4534:
3019:
2510:
is still eaten today. Meat was eaten frozen, raw or roasted, and caribou was sometimes boiled in a stew.
2102:
1879:
the people far from their ancestral lands and preventing them from practising their ancient way of life.
38:
2719:
4509:
2230:
1953:
By 2000, the Innu island community of Davis Inlet asked the Canadian government to assist with a local
17:
2920:
2797:
Although Sheshatshiu and Natuashish are home to most of the province's Innu people, some also live in
2685:
113:
4218:
3737:
857:
192:
3705:
1942:
by the People's Republic of China. According to the study, from 1990 to 1997, the Innu community of
1518:(1609â1701), the Iroquois repeatedly invaded the Innu territories from their homelands south of the
506:. The Naskapi ("people beyond the horizon", áá
áČá±), who live further north, also identify as Innu or
4473:
4443:
3644:
2667:
2661:
2257:
2061:
1989:
1398:
553:
2887:"Indigenous Population Profile, 2021 Census of Population Profile table: Canada [Country]"
733:
in the 17th century. They applied it to distant Innu groups who were beyond the reach of Catholic
4428:
4272:
4072:
4051:
2643:
2542:
2502:. Fish were eaten roasted or smoke-dried. Moose meat and several types of fish were also smoked.
2261:
2206:
2159:
1993:
1402:
1351:
768:
557:
410:
184:
95:
73:
3830:
4373:
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2098:
1954:
1872:
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1875:
published a study of the Innu communities of Labrador. It assessed the adverse effects of the
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2268:
2166:
2000:
1939:
1689:
1579:
1575:
1409:
564:
80:
51:
786:
Since 1990, the Montagnais people have generally chosen to be officially referred to as the
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1819:
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8:
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influence. It was particularly applied to those people living in the lands that bordered
730:
3889:
Rogers, Edward S., and Leacock, Eleanor (1981). "Montagnais-Naskapi". In J. Helm (Ed.),
1547:
The French asked permission to settle on the Innu's coastal land, which the Innu called
445:), is spoken throughout Nitassinan, with certain dialect differences. It is part of the
4404:
4337:
4304:
4289:
4155:
3768:"Naskapi and Montagnais Innu Legends (Folklore, Myths, and Traditional Indian Stories)"
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2362:
1799:
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2637:
2517:
Plants traditionally eaten included raspberries, blueberries, strawberries, cherries,
4228:
3672:
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2737:
1935:
1920:
1856:
1803:
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1658:
1608:
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1317:
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who inhabit the territory in the northeastern portion of the present-day province of
2221:
struck a deal on September 26, 2008, with Labrador's Innu to permit construction of
1950:, and well over three times the rate often observed in isolated northern villages.
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4284:
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The people are frequently classified by the geography of their primary locations:
120:
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1916:
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1884:
1852:
1836:
1832:
1823:
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1721:
1642:
518:
457:
414:
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The Innu Nation's efforts to raise awareness about the environmental impacts of
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3796:
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of Kawawachikamach, Quebec, signed a comprehensive land claims settlement, the
1745:
1708:
1678:
1537:
1312:
1096:
936:
826:
434:
2553:), which sometimes also included oat or wheat flour when it became available.
1624:
1540:
describes the original encounters of the Innu and the French explorers led by
4529:
4523:
4361:
4185:
4148:
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1213:
776:
446:
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2499:
2479:
2411:
2202:
1765:
1727:
1532:
Roman Catholic procession of First Nations people in the Labrador peninsula
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1248:
243:
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4140:
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1943:
1901:
1840:
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1519:
1515:
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711:
Innu communities of Quebec and Labrador and the two Naskapi communities (
632:
340:
188:
2138:
1462:
4314:
4294:
4194:
4191:
2618:
2518:
2455:
2415:
2173: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2132:
1897:
1889:
1795:
1783:
1761:
1614:
1603:
The following are bands of the Montagnais-Naksapi in the 17th century:
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1002:
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780:
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398:
315:
305:
226:
47:
1847:
resulted in the Innue giving up some traditional activities (hunting,
502:
Both groups are still called "Montagnais" in the official language of
4412:
3995:
2550:
2407:
2399:
2366:
1484:
627:, in Quebec; they have historically been referred to by Europeans as
268:
2506:, introduced by the French in the 16th century, became a staple and
2246:
2148:
1978:
1883:
the Labrador Innu. The group has won recognition for its members as
1387:
542:
62:
4056:
4015:
3661:"In the Hands of the People: A Conversation with Marjorie Beaucage"
2614:
2538:
2522:
2511:
2487:
2463:
2435:
2349:
2052:. All the Innu communities of Quebec are still subject to the Act.
1848:
1815:
1587:
1507:
1476:
1457:
1275:
1135:
419:
389:
178:
2826:, about 15 km (9.3 mi) away, and relocated here in 2002.
463:
The "Innu / Ilnu" consist of two regional tribal groups, with the
4175:
4030:
3985:
3912:
Official website of the Naskapi Nation of Kawawachikamach, Quebec
3128:"Registered Population - PremiĂšre Nation des Innus de Nutashkuan"
2759:
2713:
2557:
kept away infections and colds resulting from the harsh weather.
2546:
2495:
2491:
2475:
1860:
1221:
693:
608:
468:
264:
4403:
3896:(Vol. 6, pp. 169â189). Washington: Smithsonian Institution.
3420:"Registered Population - PremiĂšre Nation des Pekuakamiulnuatsht"
4347:
4238:
3951:
3317:"Registered Population - Innu Takuaikan Uashat Mak Mani-Utenam"
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1556:
749:
742:
647:
522:
423:
355:
169:
31:
3257:"Registered Population - La Nation Innu Matimekush-Lac John"
4000:
3506:"Registered Population - Naskapi Nation of Kawawachikamach"
2471:
2427:
2423:
772:
668:
656:
603:
427:
376:
364:
256:
3794:"Meet Canada's first Innu MP, the Bloc's Bernard Cleary".
3635:
3550:
Aboriginality and Governance: A Multidisciplinary Approach
513:
Today, about 28,960 people of Innu origin live in various
3911:
3782:"Tshakapesh (Chakabesh), dwarf hero of the Innu and Cree"
3022:. Aboriginal Multi-Media Society of Alberta (AMMSA). 1996
2534:
665:
483:
or "Western/Southern Montagnais" in the south, speak the
373:
3598:
3586:
707:
3667:
North of Everything: English-Canadian Cinema Since 1980
3042:"Registered Population - Sheshatshiu Innu First Nation"
2613:
In traditional Innu communities, people walked or used
2055:
3906:
2981:
CrownâIndigenous Relations and Northern Affairs Canada
504:
CrownâIndigenous Relations and Northern Affairs Canada
3574:
3463:"Registered Population - Bande des Innus de Pessamit"
2139:
Natuashish and Sheshatshiu, Newfoundland and Labrador
659:
650:
641:
367:
358:
349:
2917:"Innu-Aimun - the language of the Innu (Montagnais)"
1483:
The Innu were historically allied with neighbouring
653:
521:
in Quebec and Labrador. To avoid confusion with the
361:
3214:"Registered Population - Montagnais de Pakua Shipi"
3171:"Registered Population - Montagnais de Pakua Shipi"
2969:"Registered Population - Mushuau Innu First Nation"
2127:Chief Grégoire's comments at a press conference in
662:
644:
487:-dialect (Ilnu-Aimun or Nenueun / NeËhlweËuËn), and
370:
352:
87:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
3664:
3085:"Registered Population - Les Innus de Ekuanitshit"
2064:'s proposed contract in 2009 with the province of
1896:In addition to the Innu Nation, residents at both
611:land is shown in yellow and Montagnais land in red
441:(popularly known since the French colonial era as
37:"Montagnais" redirects here. For other uses, see
4521:
3946:
3907:Official website of the Innu Nation of Labrador.
767:. Some of the families of the Naskapi Nation of
3648:a report from Survival International (PDF file)
3658:
2941:
2939:
2344:Traditional Innu craft is demonstrated in the
1357:Kawawachikamach (Naskapi village municipality)
917:
532:
396:. They refer to their traditional homeland as
4389:
4156:
3932:
2386:is a metal stove in the centre of the house.
2336:(balsam fir) and eat it to benefit the diet.
2201:Innu have only been in Sheshatshiu since fur
2097:The Innu community, the Sierra Club, and the
1938:in human rights, and drew parallels with the
798:. The Naskapi have continued to use the word
752:peoples, in contrast with the more sedentary
433:Their language, which changed over time from
2131:were translated, but whether from French or
1704:Davis Inlet, south of the Barren Ground band
1664:Oumamiwek (or Ste. Marguerite), west of the
4170:
3811:"Sharon Fontaine-Ishpatao se plaĂźt Ă jouer"
3696:
3694:
3692:
3690:
3688:
3530:Reserve, settlement or village details for
3487:Reserve, settlement or village details for
3444:Reserve, settlement or village details for
3401:Reserve, settlement or village details for
3358:Reserve, settlement or village details for
3341:Reserve, settlement or village details for
3298:Reserve, settlement or village details for
3281:Reserve, settlement or village details for
3238:Reserve, settlement or village details for
3195:Reserve, settlement or village details for
3152:Reserve, settlement or village details for
3109:Reserve, settlement or village details for
3066:Reserve, settlement or village details for
3001:Reserve, settlement or village details for
2936:
2357:Traditional clothing, style and accessories
2275:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
2085:," a Canadian supplier of hydroelectricity.
2007:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
1867:Labrador Innu organizations and land claims
1818:and those living on the north shore of the
1688:Barren Ground, on the middle course of the
1416:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
607:Lands traditionally inhabited by the Innu.
571:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
413:were known to have lived on these lands as
4396:
4382:
4163:
4149:
3939:
3925:
3825:
3823:
3663:. In Beard, William; White, Jerry (eds.).
3652:
1968:
1077:
741:and the northern Labrador coast, near the
177:
168:
2295:Learn how and when to remove this message
2189:Learn how and when to remove this message
2027:Learn how and when to remove this message
1436:Learn how and when to remove this message
591:Learn how and when to remove this message
147:Learn how and when to remove this message
4510:Indigenous peoples by geographic regions
3837:. Historica Canada. September 19, 2023.
3803:
3685:
3659:Bell, Lynne; Williamson, Janice (2002).
3646:Canada's Tibet: The Killing of the Innu,
2948:"Innu Rights and Government in Labrador"
2621:for hunting and general transportation.
2584:
2361:Men wore caribou pants and boots with a
2330:The Innu people grate the inner bark of
2314:
2306:
1929:
1527:
1447:
706:
602:
4079:James Bay and Northern Quebec Agreement
3883:
3861:"Penashue appointed to federal cabinet"
3853:
3820:
3604:
3592:
3580:
3547:
2945:
2545:, such as the Iroquois, Algonquin, and
2122:(caption for a photo of Chief Grégoire)
1574:and Pennsylvania. On July 29, 1609, at
1182:
1174:
1139:
1131:
995:PremiĂšre Nation des Innus de Nutashkuan
810:
14:
4522:
3718:(.pdf file). Retrieved March 20, 2009.
3704:, March 16, 2009, p. 21, available at
3618:"Montagnais-Naskapi Indians of Canada"
3536:Indigenous and Northern Affairs Canada
3493:Indigenous and Northern Affairs Canada
3450:Indigenous and Northern Affairs Canada
3407:Indigenous and Northern Affairs Canada
3364:Indigenous and Northern Affairs Canada
3347:Indigenous and Northern Affairs Canada
3304:Indigenous and Northern Affairs Canada
3287:Indigenous and Northern Affairs Canada
3244:Indigenous and Northern Affairs Canada
3201:Indigenous and Northern Affairs Canada
3197:St. Augustin Indian Settlement Reserve
3158:Indigenous and Northern Affairs Canada
3115:Indigenous and Northern Affairs Canada
3072:Indigenous and Northern Affairs Canada
3007:Indigenous and Northern Affairs Canada
2881:
2879:
27:First Nation in the Labrador Peninsula
4377:
4144:
3920:
3727:
2779:Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women
2394:Animals traditionally eaten included
2339:
1171:Innu Takuaikan Uashat Mak Mani-Utenam
912:
756:, who establish settled territories.
467:being the southernmost group and the
4229:Innu Takuaikan Uashat makMani-Utenam
2983:; Communications Branch. May 3, 2024
2389:
2273:adding citations to reliable sources
2240:
2219:Premier of Newfoundland and Labrador
2171:adding citations to reliable sources
2142:
2056:New York Power Authority controversy
2005:adding citations to reliable sources
1972:
1414:adding citations to reliable sources
1381:
623:, live along the north shore of the
569:adding citations to reliable sources
536:
211:Regions with significant populations
85:adding citations to reliable sources
56:
2876:
2849:CĂŽte-Nord-du-Golfe-du-Saint-Laurent
2847:Located within the municipality of
2822:The residents were originally from
2107:hunting-gathering-fishing lifestyle
1925:Ntapueu ... i am telling the truth.
1754:Petisikapau, in the country around
1594:
1495:peoples against their enemies, the
805:
24:
3892:Handbook of North American Indians
3728:Rivet, France (February 7, 2006).
3077:
1296:
1128:Innu Nation of Matimekush-Lac John
25:
4561:
3900:
3865:Canadian Broadcasting Corporation
3841:from the original on May 18, 2005
3377:"Registered Population - Essipit"
2774:Violence against indigenous women
2624:
2608:
2593:The spirits they believed in are
1948:twelve times the Canadian average
1809:
1653:Ouchestigouetch, at the heads of
1344:Naskapi Nation of Kawawachikamach
4487:
4472:
4457:
4442:
4427:
4237:
2514:was made with moose or caribou.
2245:
2223:Muskrat Falls Generating Station
2147:
2068:to buy power from its extensive
1977:
1877:Canadian government's relocating
1831:and provincial governments, the
1714:Kaniapiskau, at the head of the
1670:Papinachois, at the head of the
1386:
1024:(St-Augustin Indian Settlement)
637:
541:
345:
61:
3788:
3774:
3760:
3751:
3730:"Moravian Missions in Labrador"
3721:
3610:
3560:: Theytus Books. pp. 7â9.
3541:
3524:
3498:
3481:
3455:
3438:
3412:
3395:
3369:
3352:
3335:
3309:
3292:
3275:
3249:
3232:
3206:
3189:
3163:
3146:
3120:
3103:
3060:
3034:
3020:"Davis Inlet Innu get new home"
2933:Rogers & Leacock (1981:169)
2853:
2841:
2829:
2158:needs additional citations for
1776:Shelter Bay, around modern-day
1551:. This eventually developed as
72:needs additional citations for
3734:www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca
3012:
2995:
2961:
2927:
2909:
2837:Municipality of Saint-Augustin
2816:
2791:
2323:
2105:lines would hinder the Innu's
1732:Musquaro (or Romaine), on the
1241:Pekuakamiulnuatsh First Nation
748:The Naskapi are traditionally
13:
1:
4224:Sheshatshiu Innu First Nation
4198:Northeastern Quebec Agreement
2045:Northeastern Quebec Agreement
1946:had a suicide rate more than
885:Sheshatshiu Innu First Nation
4550:Indigenous peoples in Canada
4212:First Nations (Indian bands)
2869:
2569:
1677:Tadousac, west of the lower
1460:referred to the Innu as the
1452:Reindeer hunting in Labrador
771:have close relatives in the
409:The ancestors of the modern
331:("people"), formerly called
7:
3538:. Retrieved June 15, 2024.
3495:. Retrieved June 15, 2024.
3452:. Retrieved June 15, 2024.
3409:. Retrieved June 15, 2024.
3366:. Retrieved June 15, 2024.
3349:. Retrieved June 15, 2024.
3306:. Retrieved June 15, 2024.
3289:. Retrieved June 15, 2024.
3246:. Retrieved June 15, 2024.
3203:. Retrieved June 15, 2024.
3160:. Retrieved June 15, 2024.
3117:. Retrieved June 15, 2024.
3074:. Retrieved June 15, 2024.
3009:. Retrieved June 15, 2024.
2859:Located within the town of
2767:
2682:, conservationist and actor
2560:
2229:to proceed on the proposed
1794:White Whale River, between
1361:
1347:
1280:
1271:
1252:
1244:
1225:
1217:
1061:
1053:
1034:
1026:
1006:
998:
979:
971:
918:Conseil tribal Mamit Innuat
896:
888:
869:
861:
533:Montagnais, Naskapi or Innu
39:Montagnais (disambiguation)
10:
4566:
3738:The Canadian Encyclopedia
2377:
2236:
1744:Northwest River, north of
1377:
1050:Montagnais de Unamen Shipu
779:, on the eastern shore of
635:", English pronunciation:
456:, and is unrelated to the
343:", English pronunciation:
45:
36:
29:
4506:
4419:
4356:
4290:La Romaine (Unamenshipit)
4246:
4235:
4219:Mushuau Innu First Nation
4211:
4183:
4120:
4106:
4094:
4065:
4044:
3976:
3958:
3835:The Canadian Encyclopedia
3671:. University of Alberta.
3622:www.canadiangenealogy.net
3510:fnp-ppn.aadnc-aandc.gc.ca
3467:fnp-ppn.aadnc-aandc.gc.ca
3424:fnp-ppn.aadnc-aandc.gc.ca
3381:fnp-ppn.aadnc-aandc.gc.ca
3321:fnp-ppn.aadnc-aandc.gc.ca
3261:fnp-ppn.aadnc-aandc.gc.ca
3218:fnp-ppn.aadnc-aandc.gc.ca
3175:fnp-ppn.aadnc-aandc.gc.ca
3132:fnp-ppn.aadnc-aandc.gc.ca
3089:fnp-ppn.aadnc-aandc.gc.ca
3046:fnp-ppn.aadnc-aandc.gc.ca
2973:fnp-ppn.aadnc-aandc.gc.ca
1782:Ungava, southwest of the
1326:
1321:
1311:
1306:
1303:
1169:
1126:
1110:
1105:
1095:
1090:
1087:
1022:Montagnais de Pakua Shipi
950:
945:
935:
930:
927:
858:Mushuau Innu First Nation
840:
835:
825:
820:
817:
460:of other nearby peoples.
329:Innut / Innuat / Ilnuatsh
311:
301:
297:Innut / Innuat / Ilnuatsh
293:
285:
278:
255:
250:
242:
237:
225:
220:
215:
210:
205:
200:
193:Newfoundland and Labrador
183:Innu traders outside the
176:
167:
4066:Treaties and land claims
3554:Penticton Indian Reserve
2784:
2720:GeneviĂšve McKenzie-Sioui
2668:Jonathan Genest-Jourdain
2662:Sharon Fontaine-Ishpatao
2205:were established by the
2062:New York Power Authority
402:("Our Land", ááá
áŻáá) or
30:Not to be confused with
4545:Ethnic groups in Canada
4323:Natashquan (Nutashkuan)
4073:Great Peace of Montreal
4052:Seven Nations of Canada
3532:Kawawachikamach Reserve
2946:Higgins, Jenny (2008).
2686:Natasha Kanapé Fontaine
2676:, journalist and writer
2644:Jani Bellefleur-Kaltush
1969:Kawawachikamach, Quebec
1707:Eastmain, north of the
1629:Escoumains, around the
1078:Conseil tribal Mamuitun
3978:Ethnolinguistic groups
3962:Northeastern Woodlands
3343:Maliotenam 27A Reserve
2923:on September 30, 2011.
2807:Happy Valley-Goose Bay
2744:Laurie Rousseau-Nepton
2590:
2549:, and made into apon (
2541:was traded with other
2320:
2312:
2125:
2099:National Lawyers Guild
2095:
1873:Survival International
1694:Big River, around the
1533:
1510:Confederacy (known as
1453:
729:was first recorded by
720:
612:
337:French colonial period
50:. For other uses, see
46:For the language, see
4095:Regional councils and
3403:Innue Essipit Reserve
3068:Sheshatshiu 3 Reserve
2588:
2543:First Nations peoples
2318:
2310:
2111:
2103:electric transmission
2079:
1940:treatment of Tibetans
1930:Davis Inlet, Labrador
1845:coercive assimilation
1770:St. Augustin, on the
1760:Rupert House, around
1666:Ste. Marguerite River
1613:Chicoutimi, north of
1607:Bersimis, around the
1580:Crown Point, New York
1531:
1451:
710:
606:
498:-dialect (Innu-Aimun)
392:and some portions of
327:("man", "person") or
251:Related ethnic groups
52:Innu (disambiguation)
4540:Algonquian ethnonyms
4057:Iroquois Confederacy
3884:General bibliography
3446:Mashteuiatsh Reserve
3300:Matimekosh 3 Reserve
3003:Natuashish 2 Reserve
2977:Government of Canada
2269:improve this section
2207:Hudson's Bay Company
2167:improve this article
2001:improve this section
1820:Gulf of St. Lawrence
1802:and eastward to the
1635:Godbout, around the
1506:Five Nations of the
1410:improve this section
1082:Over 23,000 members
968:Innus of Ekuanitshit
922:About 3,700 members
811:Labrador communities
625:Gulf of St. Lawrence
565:improve this section
525:, who belong to the
386:Indigenous Canadians
206:28,960 (2016 census)
185:Hudson's Bay Company
81:improve this article
4310:Mingan (Ekuantshit)
4045:Historical polities
3800:, November 8, 2004.
3707:Legislative Gazette
3702:Legislative Gazette
3489:Betsiamites Reserve
2891:www12.statcan.gc.ca
2835:Located within the
2120:Legislative Gazette
2091:Legislative Gazette
1919:were documented in
1738:Natashkwan, on the
1720:Michikamau, around
1641:Mistassini, around
1542:Samuel de Champlain
1497:Algonquian-speaking
1470:. They referred to
465:Innus of Nutashkuan
164:
4535:Algonquian peoples
4405:Indigenous peoples
3948:Indigenous peoples
3809:Sylvain Turcotte,
3714:2009-03-25 at the
3154:Nutashkuan Reserve
2591:
2508:Indigenous bannock
2340:Traditional crafts
2321:
2313:
2225:, a hydroelectric
1800:Little Whale River
1788:Waswanipi, on the
1772:St. Augustin River
1734:Olomanoshibo River
1700:Fort George Rivers
1659:Kaniapiskau Rivers
1534:
1504:Iroquoian-speaking
1454:
1324:population (2024)
1268:Pessamit Innu Band
1108:population (2024)
948:population (2024)
913:Quebec communities
838:population (2024)
721:
613:
515:Indian settlements
430:, and small game.
162:
4517:
4516:
4501:
4500:
4371:
4370:
4319:
4269:
4138:
4137:
4134:
4133:
3817:, August 2, 2022.
3360:Uashat 27 Reserve
3240:Romaine 2 Reserve
2895:Statistics Canada
2738:Scott-Pien Picard
2533:, and maple-tree
2444:passenger pigeons
2390:Traditional foods
2305:
2304:
2297:
2199:
2198:
2191:
2070:hydroelectric dam
2037:
2036:
2029:
1936:international law
1921:Marjorie Beaucage
1857:domestic violence
1804:Kaniapiskau River
1716:Kaniapiskau River
1647:Nichikun, around
1619:Chisedec, around
1468:Greenlandic Norse
1446:
1445:
1438:
1375:
1374:
1294:
1293:
1075:
1074:
910:
909:
601:
600:
593:
454:dialect continuum
321:
320:
281:"person" / "land"
279:Innu, Ilnu / assi
274:
273:
233:, English, French
157:
156:
149:
131:
16:(Redirected from
4557:
4491:
4476:
4461:
4446:
4431:
4422:
4421:
4398:
4391:
4384:
4375:
4374:
4365:Category:Naskapi
4317:
4267:
4266:Kawawachikamach
4241:
4205:Eastern Labrador
4189:Naskapi language
4165:
4158:
4151:
4142:
4141:
4121:Tribal Council 2
4107:Tribal Council 1
4104:
4103:
3960:Cultural areas:
3941:
3934:
3927:
3918:
3917:
3877:
3876:
3874:
3872:
3857:
3851:
3850:
3848:
3846:
3827:
3818:
3807:
3801:
3792:
3786:
3785:
3778:
3772:
3771:
3764:
3758:
3755:
3749:
3748:
3746:
3744:
3725:
3719:
3698:
3683:
3682:
3670:
3656:
3650:
3642:
3633:
3632:
3630:
3628:
3614:
3608:
3607:, p. 15â17.
3602:
3596:
3595:, p. 12â15.
3590:
3584:
3578:
3572:
3571:
3558:British Columbia
3545:
3539:
3528:
3522:
3521:
3519:
3517:
3502:
3496:
3485:
3479:
3478:
3476:
3474:
3459:
3453:
3442:
3436:
3435:
3433:
3431:
3416:
3410:
3399:
3393:
3392:
3390:
3388:
3373:
3367:
3356:
3350:
3339:
3333:
3332:
3330:
3328:
3313:
3307:
3296:
3290:
3283:Lac John Reserve
3279:
3273:
3272:
3270:
3268:
3253:
3247:
3236:
3230:
3229:
3227:
3225:
3210:
3204:
3193:
3187:
3186:
3184:
3182:
3167:
3161:
3150:
3144:
3143:
3141:
3139:
3124:
3118:
3107:
3101:
3100:
3098:
3096:
3081:
3075:
3064:
3058:
3057:
3055:
3053:
3038:
3032:
3031:
3029:
3027:
3016:
3010:
2999:
2993:
2992:
2990:
2988:
2965:
2959:
2958:
2956:
2954:
2943:
2934:
2931:
2925:
2924:
2919:. Archived from
2913:
2907:
2906:
2904:
2902:
2883:
2863:
2857:
2851:
2845:
2839:
2833:
2827:
2820:
2814:
2813:, and elsewhere.
2795:
2746:, astrophysicist
2632:An Antane-Kapesh
2537:for sweetening.
2300:
2293:
2289:
2286:
2280:
2249:
2241:
2211:North West River
2194:
2187:
2183:
2180:
2174:
2151:
2143:
2129:Albany, New York
2123:
2093:
2032:
2025:
2021:
2018:
2012:
1981:
1973:
1913:a mining project
1863:among the Innu.
1756:Petisikapau Lake
1740:Natashkwan River
1631:Escoumains River
1595:Historical bands
1441:
1434:
1430:
1427:
1421:
1390:
1382:
1301:
1300:
1085:
1084:
925:
924:
815:
814:
806:Innu communities
731:French colonists
675:
674:
671:
670:
667:
664:
661:
658:
655:
652:
649:
646:
643:
596:
589:
585:
582:
576:
545:
537:
415:hunter-gatherers
383:
382:
379:
378:
375:
372:
369:
366:
363:
360:
357:
354:
351:
276:
275:
261:Algonquin people
201:Total population
187:trading post in
181:
172:
165:
161:
152:
145:
141:
138:
132:
130:
89:
65:
57:
21:
4565:
4564:
4560:
4559:
4558:
4556:
4555:
4554:
4520:
4519:
4518:
4513:
4502:
4497:
4492:
4482:
4477:
4467:
4462:
4452:
4447:
4437:
4432:
4415:
4402:
4372:
4367:
4352:
4278:associated land
4242:
4233:
4207:
4179:
4169:
4139:
4130:
4116:
4096:
4090:
4085:Paix des Braves
4061:
4040:
3972:
3954:
3945:
3903:
3886:
3881:
3880:
3870:
3868:
3859:
3858:
3854:
3844:
3842:
3829:
3828:
3821:
3808:
3804:
3793:
3789:
3780:
3779:
3775:
3766:
3765:
3761:
3756:
3752:
3742:
3740:
3726:
3722:
3716:Wayback Machine
3699:
3686:
3679:
3657:
3653:
3643:
3636:
3626:
3624:
3616:
3615:
3611:
3603:
3599:
3591:
3587:
3579:
3575:
3568:
3546:
3542:
3529:
3525:
3515:
3513:
3504:
3503:
3499:
3486:
3482:
3472:
3470:
3461:
3460:
3456:
3443:
3439:
3429:
3427:
3418:
3417:
3413:
3400:
3396:
3386:
3384:
3375:
3374:
3370:
3357:
3353:
3340:
3336:
3326:
3324:
3315:
3314:
3310:
3297:
3293:
3280:
3276:
3266:
3264:
3255:
3254:
3250:
3237:
3233:
3223:
3221:
3212:
3211:
3207:
3194:
3190:
3180:
3178:
3169:
3168:
3164:
3151:
3147:
3137:
3135:
3126:
3125:
3121:
3108:
3104:
3094:
3092:
3083:
3082:
3078:
3065:
3061:
3051:
3049:
3040:
3039:
3035:
3025:
3023:
3018:
3017:
3013:
3000:
2996:
2986:
2984:
2967:
2966:
2962:
2952:
2950:
2944:
2937:
2932:
2928:
2915:
2914:
2910:
2900:
2898:
2885:
2884:
2877:
2872:
2867:
2866:
2858:
2854:
2846:
2842:
2834:
2830:
2821:
2817:
2796:
2792:
2787:
2770:
2765:
2756:Florent Vollant
2726:Rita Mestokosho
2710:Claude McKenzie
2680:Jean-Luc Kanapé
2638:Joséphine Bacon
2627:
2611:
2572:
2563:
2555:Pine needle tea
2525:, crab apples,
2392:
2380:
2367:buckskin shirts
2359:
2342:
2328:
2301:
2290:
2284:
2281:
2266:
2250:
2239:
2231:Lower Churchill
2195:
2184:
2178:
2175:
2164:
2152:
2141:
2124:
2118:
2094:
2089:
2058:
2033:
2022:
2016:
2013:
1998:
1982:
1971:
1932:
1887:under Canada's
1869:
1853:substance abuse
1824:Canadian Shield
1812:
1790:Waswanipi River
1750:Northwest River
1726:Mingan, on the
1722:Michikamau Lake
1643:Lake Mistassini
1623:and around the
1597:
1491:(Maliseet) and
1442:
1431:
1425:
1422:
1407:
1391:
1380:
1354:
1352:Kawawachikamach
1323:
1316:
1308:
1299:
1297:Kawawachikamach
1107:
1100:
1092:
1080:
947:
940:
932:
920:
915:
837:
830:
822:
813:
808:
769:Kawawachikamach
713:Kawawachikamach
697:(also known as
640:
636:
633:mountain people
597:
586:
580:
577:
562:
546:
535:
458:Inuit languages
406:("Innu Land").
348:
344:
341:mountain people
280:
196:
160:
153:
142:
136:
133:
90:
88:
78:
66:
55:
42:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4563:
4553:
4552:
4547:
4542:
4537:
4532:
4515:
4514:
4507:
4504:
4503:
4499:
4498:
4485:
4483:
4470:
4468:
4455:
4453:
4440:
4438:
4425:
4420:
4417:
4416:
4401:
4400:
4393:
4386:
4378:
4369:
4368:
4357:
4354:
4353:
4351:
4350:
4345:
4340:
4335:
4330:
4325:
4320:
4312:
4307:
4302:
4297:
4292:
4287:
4282:
4281:
4280:
4275:
4264:
4259:
4250:
4248:
4244:
4243:
4236:
4234:
4232:
4231:
4226:
4221:
4215:
4213:
4209:
4208:
4184:
4181:
4180:
4168:
4167:
4160:
4153:
4145:
4136:
4135:
4132:
4131:
4129:
4128:
4124:
4122:
4118:
4117:
4115:
4114:
4110:
4108:
4101:
4092:
4091:
4089:
4088:
4082:
4076:
4069:
4067:
4063:
4062:
4060:
4059:
4054:
4048:
4046:
4042:
4041:
4039:
4038:
4033:
4028:
4023:
4018:
4013:
4008:
4003:
3998:
3993:
3988:
3982:
3980:
3974:
3973:
3959:
3956:
3955:
3944:
3943:
3936:
3929:
3921:
3915:
3914:
3909:
3902:
3901:External links
3899:
3898:
3897:
3885:
3882:
3879:
3878:
3867:. May 18, 2011
3852:
3819:
3815:Le Nord-CĂŽtier
3802:
3797:The Hill Times
3787:
3773:
3759:
3750:
3720:
3684:
3677:
3651:
3634:
3609:
3597:
3585:
3573:
3566:
3540:
3523:
3497:
3480:
3454:
3437:
3411:
3394:
3368:
3351:
3334:
3308:
3291:
3274:
3248:
3231:
3205:
3188:
3162:
3145:
3119:
3111:Mingan Reserve
3102:
3076:
3059:
3033:
3011:
2994:
2960:
2935:
2926:
2908:
2897:. June 8, 2023
2874:
2873:
2871:
2868:
2865:
2864:
2852:
2840:
2828:
2815:
2789:
2788:
2786:
2783:
2782:
2781:
2776:
2769:
2766:
2764:
2763:
2753:
2747:
2741:
2735:
2732:Peter Penashue
2729:
2723:
2717:
2707:
2701:
2698:Carole Labarre
2695:
2689:
2683:
2677:
2671:
2665:
2659:
2656:Naomi Fontaine
2653:
2650:Bernard Cleary
2647:
2641:
2635:
2628:
2626:
2625:Notable people
2623:
2610:
2609:Transportation
2607:
2595:Caribou Master
2571:
2568:
2562:
2559:
2391:
2388:
2379:
2376:
2358:
2355:
2341:
2338:
2333:Abies balsamea
2327:
2322:
2303:
2302:
2253:
2251:
2244:
2238:
2235:
2215:Danny Williams
2197:
2196:
2155:
2153:
2146:
2140:
2137:
2135:is not clear.
2116:
2087:
2057:
2054:
2040:Naskapi Nation
2035:
2034:
1985:
1983:
1976:
1970:
1967:
1931:
1928:
1885:status Indians
1868:
1865:
1811:
1810:Present status
1808:
1807:
1806:
1792:
1786:
1780:
1774:
1768:
1758:
1752:
1746:Hamilton Inlet
1742:
1736:
1730:
1724:
1718:
1712:
1709:Eastmain River
1705:
1702:
1692:
1682:
1681:
1679:Saguenay River
1675:
1674:and east of it
1672:Bersimis River
1668:
1662:
1651:
1645:
1639:
1633:
1627:
1617:
1611:
1609:Bersimis River
1596:
1593:
1549:Uepishtikueiau
1538:oral tradition
1444:
1443:
1394:
1392:
1385:
1379:
1376:
1373:
1372:
1369:
1366:
1363:
1360:
1349:
1346:
1340:
1339:
1336:
1333:
1329:
1328:
1325:
1320:
1310:
1305:
1298:
1295:
1292:
1291:
1288:
1285:
1282:
1279:
1273:
1270:
1264:
1263:
1260:
1257:
1254:
1251:
1246:
1243:
1237:
1236:
1233:
1230:
1227:
1224:
1219:
1216:
1210:
1209:
1206:
1203:
1200:
1194:
1193:
1190:
1187:
1184:
1181:
1179:Maliotenam 27A
1176:
1173:
1167:
1166:
1163:
1160:
1157:
1151:
1150:
1147:
1144:
1141:
1138:
1133:
1130:
1124:
1123:
1120:
1117:
1113:
1112:
1109:
1104:
1094:
1089:
1079:
1076:
1073:
1072:
1069:
1066:
1063:
1060:
1055:
1052:
1046:
1045:
1042:
1039:
1036:
1033:
1028:
1025:
1018:
1017:
1014:
1011:
1008:
1005:
1000:
997:
991:
990:
987:
984:
981:
978:
973:
970:
964:
963:
960:
957:
953:
952:
949:
944:
934:
929:
919:
916:
914:
911:
908:
907:
904:
901:
898:
895:
890:
887:
881:
880:
877:
874:
871:
868:
863:
860:
854:
853:
850:
847:
843:
842:
839:
834:
824:
819:
812:
809:
807:
804:
790:, which means
761:Mushuau Innuat
723:
722:
689:
599:
598:
549:
547:
540:
534:
531:
500:
499:
488:
435:Old Montagnais
319:
318:
313:
309:
308:
303:
299:
298:
295:
291:
290:
287:
283:
282:
272:
271:
253:
252:
248:
247:
240:
239:
235:
234:
223:
222:
218:
217:
213:
212:
208:
207:
203:
202:
198:
197:
182:
174:
173:
158:
155:
154:
69:
67:
60:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4562:
4551:
4548:
4546:
4543:
4541:
4538:
4536:
4533:
4531:
4528:
4527:
4525:
4512:
4511:
4505:
4496:
4495:
4494:South America
4490:
4484:
4481:
4480:
4475:
4469:
4466:
4465:
4464:North America
4460:
4454:
4451:
4450:
4445:
4439:
4436:
4435:
4430:
4424:
4423:
4418:
4414:
4410:
4406:
4399:
4394:
4392:
4387:
4385:
4380:
4379:
4376:
4366:
4363:
4362:Category:Innu
4360:
4355:
4349:
4346:
4344:
4341:
4339:
4336:
4334:
4331:
4329:
4328:Schefferville
4326:
4324:
4321:
4316:
4313:
4311:
4308:
4306:
4303:
4301:
4298:
4296:
4293:
4291:
4288:
4286:
4283:
4279:
4276:
4274:
4271:
4270:
4265:
4263:
4260:
4257:
4256:
4252:
4251:
4249:
4245:
4240:
4230:
4227:
4225:
4222:
4220:
4217:
4216:
4214:
4210:
4206:
4203:
4199:
4196:
4193:
4190:
4187:
4186:Innu language
4182:
4177:
4173:
4166:
4161:
4159:
4154:
4152:
4147:
4146:
4143:
4126:
4125:
4123:
4119:
4112:
4111:
4109:
4105:
4102:
4099:
4093:
4086:
4083:
4080:
4077:
4074:
4071:
4070:
4068:
4064:
4058:
4055:
4053:
4050:
4049:
4047:
4043:
4037:
4034:
4032:
4029:
4027:
4024:
4022:
4019:
4017:
4014:
4012:
4009:
4007:
4004:
4002:
3999:
3997:
3994:
3992:
3989:
3987:
3984:
3983:
3981:
3979:
3975:
3971:
3967:
3963:
3957:
3953:
3949:
3942:
3937:
3935:
3930:
3928:
3923:
3922:
3919:
3913:
3910:
3908:
3905:
3904:
3895:
3893:
3888:
3887:
3866:
3862:
3856:
3840:
3836:
3832:
3826:
3824:
3816:
3812:
3806:
3799:
3798:
3791:
3783:
3777:
3769:
3763:
3754:
3739:
3735:
3731:
3724:
3717:
3713:
3710:
3708:
3703:
3697:
3695:
3693:
3691:
3689:
3680:
3678:9780888643902
3674:
3669:
3668:
3662:
3655:
3649:
3647:
3641:
3639:
3623:
3619:
3613:
3606:
3601:
3594:
3589:
3583:, p. 10.
3582:
3577:
3569:
3563:
3559:
3555:
3551:
3544:
3537:
3533:
3527:
3511:
3507:
3501:
3494:
3490:
3484:
3468:
3464:
3458:
3451:
3447:
3441:
3425:
3421:
3415:
3408:
3404:
3398:
3382:
3378:
3372:
3365:
3361:
3355:
3348:
3344:
3338:
3322:
3318:
3312:
3305:
3301:
3295:
3288:
3284:
3278:
3262:
3258:
3252:
3245:
3241:
3235:
3219:
3215:
3209:
3202:
3198:
3192:
3176:
3172:
3166:
3159:
3155:
3149:
3133:
3129:
3123:
3116:
3112:
3106:
3090:
3086:
3080:
3073:
3069:
3063:
3047:
3043:
3037:
3021:
3015:
3008:
3004:
2998:
2982:
2978:
2974:
2970:
2964:
2949:
2942:
2940:
2930:
2922:
2918:
2912:
2896:
2892:
2888:
2882:
2880:
2875:
2862:
2861:Schefferville
2856:
2850:
2844:
2838:
2832:
2825:
2819:
2812:
2808:
2804:
2800:
2799:Labrador City
2794:
2790:
2780:
2777:
2775:
2772:
2771:
2761:
2757:
2754:
2751:
2748:
2745:
2742:
2739:
2736:
2733:
2730:
2727:
2724:
2721:
2718:
2715:
2711:
2708:
2705:
2702:
2699:
2696:
2693:
2690:
2687:
2684:
2681:
2678:
2675:
2672:
2669:
2666:
2663:
2660:
2657:
2654:
2651:
2648:
2645:
2642:
2639:
2636:
2633:
2630:
2629:
2622:
2620:
2616:
2606:
2604:
2603:Matshishkapeu
2600:
2596:
2587:
2583:
2581:
2577:
2567:
2558:
2556:
2552:
2548:
2544:
2540:
2536:
2532:
2531:Indian potato
2528:
2524:
2520:
2515:
2513:
2509:
2505:
2501:
2497:
2493:
2489:
2485:
2481:
2477:
2473:
2469:
2465:
2461:
2457:
2453:
2449:
2445:
2441:
2437:
2433:
2432:spruce grouse
2429:
2425:
2421:
2417:
2413:
2409:
2405:
2401:
2397:
2387:
2385:
2375:
2371:
2368:
2364:
2354:
2351:
2347:
2346:Innu tea doll
2337:
2335:
2334:
2326:
2317:
2309:
2299:
2296:
2288:
2278:
2274:
2270:
2264:
2263:
2259:
2254:This section
2252:
2248:
2243:
2242:
2234:
2232:
2228:
2224:
2220:
2216:
2212:
2208:
2204:
2203:trading posts
2193:
2190:
2182:
2172:
2168:
2162:
2161:
2156:This section
2154:
2150:
2145:
2144:
2136:
2134:
2130:
2121:
2115:
2110:
2108:
2104:
2100:
2092:
2086:
2084:
2078:
2076:
2071:
2067:
2063:
2053:
2051:
2047:
2046:
2041:
2031:
2028:
2020:
2010:
2006:
2002:
1996:
1995:
1991:
1986:This section
1984:
1980:
1975:
1974:
1966:
1964:
1960:
1956:
1951:
1949:
1945:
1941:
1937:
1927:
1926:
1923:'s 1997 film
1922:
1918:
1914:
1909:
1907:
1906:Band Councils
1903:
1899:
1894:
1892:
1891:
1886:
1880:
1878:
1874:
1864:
1862:
1858:
1854:
1850:
1846:
1842:
1838:
1834:
1830:
1825:
1821:
1817:
1805:
1801:
1797:
1793:
1791:
1787:
1785:
1781:
1779:
1775:
1773:
1769:
1767:
1763:
1759:
1757:
1753:
1751:
1747:
1743:
1741:
1737:
1735:
1731:
1729:
1725:
1723:
1719:
1717:
1713:
1710:
1706:
1703:
1701:
1697:
1693:
1691:
1687:
1686:
1685:
1680:
1676:
1673:
1669:
1667:
1663:
1660:
1656:
1652:
1650:
1649:Nichikun Lake
1646:
1644:
1640:
1638:
1637:Godbout River
1634:
1632:
1628:
1626:
1622:
1621:Seven Islands
1618:
1616:
1612:
1610:
1606:
1605:
1604:
1601:
1592:
1589:
1585:
1581:
1577:
1573:
1568:
1564:
1560:
1558:
1554:
1550:
1545:
1543:
1539:
1530:
1526:
1523:
1521:
1517:
1514:. During the
1513:
1512:Haudenosaunee
1509:
1505:
1501:
1498:
1494:
1490:
1486:
1481:
1479:
1478:
1473:
1469:
1465:
1464:
1459:
1450:
1440:
1437:
1429:
1419:
1415:
1411:
1405:
1404:
1400:
1395:This section
1393:
1389:
1384:
1383:
1370:
1367:
1364:
1358:
1353:
1350:
1345:
1342:
1341:
1337:
1334:
1331:
1330:
1327:Reserve area
1319:
1314:
1302:
1289:
1286:
1283:
1277:
1274:
1269:
1266:
1265:
1261:
1258:
1255:
1250:
1247:
1242:
1239:
1238:
1234:
1231:
1228:
1223:
1222:Innue Essipit
1220:
1215:
1214:Innue Essipit
1212:
1211:
1207:
1204:
1201:
1199:
1196:
1195:
1191:
1188:
1185:
1180:
1177:
1172:
1168:
1164:
1161:
1158:
1156:
1153:
1152:
1148:
1145:
1142:
1137:
1134:
1129:
1125:
1121:
1118:
1115:
1114:
1111:Reserve area
1103:
1098:
1086:
1083:
1070:
1067:
1064:
1059:
1056:
1051:
1048:
1047:
1043:
1040:
1037:
1032:
1029:
1023:
1020:
1019:
1015:
1012:
1009:
1004:
1001:
996:
993:
992:
988:
985:
982:
977:
974:
969:
966:
965:
961:
958:
955:
954:
951:Reserve area
943:
938:
926:
923:
905:
902:
899:
894:
891:
886:
883:
882:
878:
875:
872:
867:
864:
859:
856:
855:
851:
848:
845:
844:
841:Reserve area
833:
828:
816:
803:
801:
797:
793:
789:
784:
782:
778:
777:Whapmagoostui
774:
770:
766:
762:
757:
755:
751:
746:
744:
740:
736:
732:
728:
718:
714:
709:
704:
700:
696:
695:
690:
687:
683:
679:
673:
634:
631:(French for "
630:
626:
622:
618:
617:
616:
610:
605:
595:
592:
584:
574:
570:
566:
560:
559:
555:
550:This section
548:
544:
539:
538:
530:
528:
524:
520:
516:
511:
509:
505:
497:
493:
489:
486:
482:
478:
474:
473:
472:
470:
466:
461:
459:
455:
452:
448:
444:
440:
436:
431:
429:
425:
421:
416:
412:
411:First Nations
407:
405:
401:
400:
395:
391:
387:
381:
342:
339:(French for "
338:
334:
330:
326:
317:
314:
310:
307:
304:
300:
296:
292:
288:
284:
277:
270:
266:
262:
258:
254:
249:
245:
241:
236:
232:
228:
224:
219:
214:
209:
204:
199:
194:
190:
186:
180:
175:
171:
166:
151:
148:
140:
129:
126:
122:
119:
115:
112:
108:
105:
101:
98: â
97:
93:
92:Find sources:
86:
82:
76:
75:
70:This article
68:
64:
59:
58:
53:
49:
44:
40:
33:
19:
4508:
4486:
4471:
4456:
4441:
4426:
4358:
4300:Mashteuiatsh
4253:
4005:
3890:
3869:. Retrieved
3855:
3843:. Retrieved
3834:
3814:
3805:
3795:
3790:
3776:
3762:
3753:
3741:. Retrieved
3733:
3723:
3706:
3701:
3666:
3654:
3645:
3625:. Retrieved
3621:
3612:
3605:Vincent 2006
3600:
3593:Vincent 2006
3588:
3581:Vincent 2006
3576:
3549:
3543:
3526:
3514:. Retrieved
3509:
3500:
3483:
3471:. Retrieved
3466:
3457:
3440:
3428:. Retrieved
3423:
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3234:
3222:. Retrieved
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3136:. Retrieved
3131:
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3093:. Retrieved
3088:
3079:
3062:
3050:. Retrieved
3045:
3036:
3024:. Retrieved
3014:
2997:
2985:. Retrieved
2972:
2963:
2951:. Retrieved
2929:
2921:the original
2911:
2899:. Retrieved
2890:
2855:
2843:
2831:
2818:
2793:
2758:, musician (
2734:, politician
2712:, musician (
2670:, politician
2652:, politician
2612:
2592:
2573:
2564:
2527:red martagon
2516:
2484:Catostomidae
2483:
2467:
2412:Canada goose
2410:, squirrel;
2393:
2381:
2372:
2360:
2343:
2331:
2329:
2291:
2282:
2267:Please help
2255:
2200:
2185:
2176:
2165:Please help
2160:verification
2157:
2126:
2119:
2112:
2096:
2090:
2083:Hydro Quebec
2080:
2059:
2049:
2043:
2038:
2023:
2014:
1999:Please help
1987:
1962:
1958:
1952:
1933:
1924:
1917:Voisey's Bay
1910:
1895:
1888:
1881:
1870:
1814:The Innu of
1813:
1766:Rupert River
1728:Mingan River
1690:George River
1683:
1602:
1598:
1569:
1565:
1561:
1548:
1546:
1535:
1524:
1511:
1489:Wolastoqiyik
1482:
1475:
1461:
1455:
1432:
1423:
1408:Please help
1396:
1249:Mashteuiatsh
1155:Matimekosh 3
1081:
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866:Natuashish 2
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480:
476:
462:
449:âMontagnaisâ
442:
432:
408:
403:
397:
332:
328:
324:
322:
244:Christianity
159:Ethnic group
143:
134:
124:
117:
110:
103:
91:
79:Please help
74:verification
71:
43:
4333:Sheshatshiu
4258:(abandoned)
4255:Davis Inlet
4247:Communities
4100:governments
3991:Anishinaabe
3894:: Subarctic
2824:Davis Inlet
2674:Michel Jean
2646:, filmmaker
2619:snowmobiles
2582:folk hero.
2519:wild grapes
2504:Oat bannock
2460:Arctic char
2402:, rabbits,
2398:, caribou,
2325:Ethnobotany
2227:megaproject
2217:, the then
2075:Sierra Club
1944:Davis Inlet
1902:Sheshatshiu
1778:Shelter Bay
1748:and on the
1696:Great Whale
1625:Moise River
1576:Ticonderoga
1553:Quebec City
1520:Great Lakes
1516:Beaver Wars
1278:(Pessamit)
1276:Betsiamites
893:Sheshatshiu
792:human being
775:village of
765:Davis Inlet
688:â "people")
678:Innu proper
384:), are the
325:Innu / Ilnu
289:Innu / Ilnu
189:Davis Inlet
4524:Categories
4338:Pakuashipi
4315:Natuashish
4305:Matimekosh
4295:Maliotenam
4195:Innu music
4192:Nitassinan
3845:October 3,
3567:1894778243
2811:St. John's
2752:, musician
2740:, musician
2722:, musician
2706:, musician
2694:, musician
2576:Tshakapesh
2480:suckerfish
2458:, salmon,
2456:lake trout
2416:snow goose
2353:children.
2133:Innu-aimun
2050:Indian Act
1963:Indian Act
1959:Natuashish
1898:Natuashish
1890:Indian Act
1796:Lake Minto
1784:Ungava Bay
1762:Rupert Bay
1655:Manikuagan
1615:Chicoutimi
1472:Nitassinan
1322:On reserve
1318:Settlement
1307:Population
1106:On reserve
1102:Settlement
1091:Population
1031:Pakuashipi
1003:Nutashkuan
946:On reserve
942:Settlement
931:Population
836:On reserve
832:Settlement
821:Population
796:Innu-aimun
781:Hudson Bay
754:Montagnais
739:Ungava Bay
735:missionary
717:Natuashish
629:Montagnais
443:Montagnais
439:Innu-aimun
399:Nitassinan
333:Montagnais
316:Nitassinan
306:Innu-aimun
227:Innu-aimun
137:March 2009
107:newspapers
48:Innu-aimun
18:Montagnais
4413:continent
4359:See also:
4318:(Naskapi)
4273:community
4268:(Naskapi)
4202:CĂŽte-Nord
4098:community
3996:Atikamekw
3966:Subarctic
3831:"Kashtin"
2870:Citations
2664:, actress
2615:snowshoes
2570:Mythology
2551:cornbread
2523:hazelnuts
2452:whitefish
2448:ptarmigan
2422:, ducks,
2408:woodchuck
2400:porcupine
2285:June 2014
2256:does not
2179:June 2024
2017:June 2014
1988:does not
1955:addiction
1871:In 1999,
1493:Algonquin
1485:Atikamekw
1426:June 2014
1397:does not
1198:Uashat 27
1058:Romaine 2
725:The word
621:Neenoilno
581:June 2014
552:does not
404:Innu-assi
335:from the
269:Atikamekw
221:Languages
4343:Pessamit
4285:Lac-John
4127:Bands...
4016:Maliseet
3839:Archived
3743:June 17,
3712:Archived
3709:archives
3627:July 15,
3516:June 15,
3473:June 15,
3430:June 15,
3387:June 15,
3327:June 15,
3267:June 15,
3224:June 15,
3181:June 15,
3138:June 15,
3095:June 15,
3052:June 15,
3026:June 15,
2987:June 15,
2953:June 15,
2901:June 15,
2768:See also
2700:, writer
2688:, writer
2658:, writer
2634:, writer
2561:Buckskin
2539:Cornmeal
2512:Pemmican
2488:sturgeon
2436:woodcock
2363:buckskin
2117:â
2088:â
1849:trapping
1841:Anglican
1837:Moravian
1833:Catholic
1829:Canadian
1816:Labrador
1764:and the
1588:arquebus
1572:New York
1508:Iroquois
1477:Markland
1463:SkrĂŠling
1458:Norsemen
1304:Peoples
1256:1,626.9
1136:Lac-John
1088:Peoples
928:Peoples
873:4,267.3
818:Peoples
527:Eskimoan
519:reserves
390:Labrador
302:Language
238:Religion
4479:Oceania
4449:Eurasia
4407:of the
4262:Essipit
4200:(1978)
4176:Naskapi
4036:Wyandot
4031:Naskapi
4021:Miêkmaq
3986:Abenaki
3871:May 18,
2760:Kashtin
2714:Kashtin
2547:Abenaki
2529:bulbs,
2496:lamprey
2492:catfish
2476:walleye
2468:naskapi
2378:Housing
2350:caribou
2319:Housing
2277:removed
2262:sources
2237:Culture
2114:people.
2009:removed
1994:sources
1861:suicide
1822:in the
1500:Mi'kmaq
1418:removed
1403:sources
1378:History
1313:Reserve
1309:(2024)
1287:252.05
1284:25,205
1245:11,037
1097:Reserve
1093:(2024)
937:Reserve
933:(2024)
827:Reserve
823:(2024)
800:Naskapi
750:nomadic
727:Naskapi
694:Naskapi
682:Nehilaw
609:Naskapi
573:removed
558:sources
481:Nehilaw
469:Naskapi
451:Naskapi
420:caribou
312:Country
265:Naskapi
246:, other
231:Naskapi
121:scholar
4434:Africa
4348:Uashat
4178:people
4087:(2002)
4081:(1975)
4075:(1701)
4026:Mohawk
3970:Arctic
3952:Quebec
3675:
3564:
2803:Wabush
2750:Shauit
2728:, poet
2640:, poet
2601:, and
2599:Atshen
2589:Canoes
2498:, and
2420:brants
2404:marten
2384:hearth
2066:Quebec
1904:elect
1859:, and
1839:, and
1584:Mohawk
1338:sq mi
1290:97.32
1281:2,849
1272:4,185
1259:16.27
1253:2,115
1218:2,032
1183:3,621
1175:5,039
1140:3,621
1132:1,065
1122:sq mi
1062:1,135
1054:1,286
1010:118.9
1007:1,148
999:1,274
989:14.82
986:38.38
983:3,838
976:Mingan
962:sq mi
897:1,773
889:1,994
879:16.48
876:42.67
870:1,115
862:1,210
852:sq mi
703:Iyiyiw
676:), or
508:Iyiyiw
394:Quebec
294:People
286:Person
216:Canada
195:, 1903
123:
116:
109:
102:
96:"Innu"
94:
4409:world
4113:Bands
4011:Inuit
2785:Notes
2704:Matiu
2692:Kanen
2580:lunar
2500:smelt
2440:snipe
2428:loons
2396:moose
1557:wheat
1536:Innu
1335:acre
1262:6.28
1235:0.33
1232:0.87
1229:86.5
1208:0.81
1205:2.10
1192:2.03
1189:5.27
1165:0.25
1162:0.65
1159:65.4
1149:0.09
1146:0.24
1143:23.5
1119:acre
1071:0.27
1068:0.69
1065:69.4
1016:0.46
1013:1.19
959:acre
906:3.10
903:8.04
849:acre
743:Inuit
686:Ilniw
523:Inuit
424:moose
128:JSTOR
114:books
32:Inuit
4530:Innu
4174:and
4172:Innu
4006:Innu
4001:Cree
3873:2011
3847:2009
3745:2024
3673:ISBN
3629:2024
3562:ISBN
3518:2024
3475:2024
3432:2024
3389:2024
3329:2024
3269:2024
3226:2024
3183:2024
3140:2024
3097:2024
3054:2024
3028:2024
2989:2024
2955:2024
2903:2024
2578:, a
2472:pike
2464:seal
2424:teal
2260:any
2258:cite
2060:The
1992:any
1990:cite
1900:and
1798:and
1698:and
1657:and
1502:and
1456:The
1401:any
1399:cite
1362:704
1348:817
1226:261
1202:210
1186:527
1027:413
980:672
972:732
900:804
788:Innu
773:Cree
759:The
715:and
701:and
699:Innu
691:The
684:and
619:the
556:any
554:cite
517:and
492:Innu
490:the
477:Ilnu
475:the
447:Cree
428:deer
323:The
257:Cree
163:Innu
100:news
4411:by
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