Inuit - Knowledge

1473: 2459: 2471: 2352: 1440: 2673: 317: 1160: 1536: 2858:, and a body was discovered to have been washed out of the mud. Unfortunately, the storm claimed the body, which was not recovered. But examination of the eroded bank indicated that an ancient house, perhaps with other remains, was likely to be claimed by the next storm. The site, known as the "Ukkuqsi archaeological site", was excavated. Several frozen bodies (now known as the "frozen family") were recovered, autopsies were performed, and they were re-interred as the first burials in the then-new Imaiqsaun Cemetery south of Barrow. Years later another body was washed out of the bluff. It was a female child, approximately nine years old, who had clearly been born with a 1725:

the abuses inherent in these forced resettlements. By the mid-1960s, encouraged first by missionaries, then by the prospect of paid jobs and government services, and finally forced by hunger and required by the police, most Canadian Inuit lived year-round in permanent settlements. The nomadic migrations that were the central feature of Arctic life had become a much smaller part of life in the North. Inuit, a once self-sufficient people in an extremely harsh environment were, in the span of perhaps two generations, transformed into a small, impoverished minority, lacking skills or resources to sell to the larger economy, but increasingly dependent on it for survival.

2297: 1988: 4437: 776: 2622: 10714: 4373: 765: 2846:. Other recent research has noted that "While there is little disagreement that there were examples of infanticide in Inuit communities, it is presently not known the depth and breadth of these incidents. The research is neither complete nor conclusive to allow for a determination of whether infanticide was a rare or a widely practiced event." There is no agreement about the actual estimates of the frequency of newborn female infanticide in Inuit population. 13138: 4271: 53: 2316: 3945: 13150: 2557: 3036: 1798:. This comprehensive land claims settlement for Quebec Inuit, along with a large cash settlement and substantial administrative autonomy in the new region of Nunavik, set the precedent for the settlements to follow. The northern Labrador Inuit submitted their land claim in 1977, although they had to wait until 2005 to have a signed land settlement establishing 4433:, former MP, was the first Inuk to be sworn into the Canadian Federal Cabinet as Health Minister in 2008. In May 2011 after being re-elected for her second term, Aglukkaq was given the additional portfolio of Minister of the Canadian Northern Economic Development Agency. In July 2013 she was sworn in as the minister of the environment. 2746:. Western observers often regarded these tales as generally not entirely accurate historical accounts, but more as self-serving myths. However, evidence shows that Inuit cultures had quite accurate methods of teaching historical accounts to each new generation. In northern Canada, historically there were ethnic feuds between the 1785:(Inuit Brotherhood and today known as Inuit Tapiriit Kanatami), an outgrowth of the Indian and Eskimo Association of the '60s, in 1971, and more region-specific organizations shortly afterward, including the Committee for the Original People's Entitlement (representing the Inuvialuit), the Northern Quebec Inuit Association ( 2842:. A mother abandoned an infant in hopes that someone less desperate might find and adopt the child before the cold or animals killed it. The belief that Inuit regularly resorted to infanticide may be due in part to studies done by Asen Balikci, Milton Freeman and David Riches among the Netsilik, along with the trial of 1119:, etc.), however, is an ancient self-referential to a group of peoples which includes at most the Iñupiat of Bering Strait coast of Chukotka and northern Alaska, the four broad groups of Inuit in Canada, and the Greenlandic Inuit. This usage has long been employed to the exclusion of other, closely related groups (e.g. 4345:, is held in communities across the northern regions of the world, featuring traditional Inuit and northern sports as part of the events. A cultural event is also held. The games were first held in 1970, and while rotated usually among Alaska, Yukon and the Northwest Territories, they have also been held in 4254:

and were genetically very different from the Dorset. The evidence suggested that Inuit descend from the Birnirk of Siberia, who through the Thule culture expanded into northern Canada and Greenland, where they genetically and culturally completely replaced the Indigenous Dorset people some time after

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Outside of Inuit Nunangat, Inuit population was 17,695 as of 2016. This was a growth of 61.9 per cent between the 2006 and 2016 censuses. The highest populations of Inuit outside of Inuit Nunangat lived in the Atlantic provinces (30.6 per cent) with 23.5 per cent lived in Newfoundland and Labrador. A

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Dogs played an integral role in the annual routine of Inuit. During the summer they became pack animals, sometimes dragging up to 20 kg (44 lb) of baggage and in the winter they pulled the sled. Yearlong they assisted with hunting by sniffing out seals' holes and pestering polar bears. They

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in the population that made it more difficult for them to survive by traditional means. In the 1950s, the Canadian government began to actively settle Inuit into permanent villages and cities, occasionally against their will (such as in Nuntak and Hebron). In 2005 the Canadian government acknowledged

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as "giants", people who were taller and stronger than Inuit. Less frequently, the legends refer to the Dorset as "dwarfs". Researchers believe that Inuit society had advantages by having adapted to using dogs as transport animals, and developing larger weapons and other technologies superior to those

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Anthropologists believed that Inuit cultures routinely killed children born with physical defects because of the demands of the extreme climate. These views were changed by late 20th century discoveries of burials at an archaeological site. Between 1982 and 1994, a storm with high winds caused ocean

1682:, alleviating hunger (as the area currently occupied had been over-hunted), and attempting to solve the "Eskimo problem", by seeking assimilation of the people and the end of their traditional Inuit culture. One of the more notable relocations was undertaken in 1953, when 17 families were moved from 1547:

The exchanges that accompanied the arrival and colonization by the Europeans greatly damaged Inuit way of life. Mass death was caused by the new infectious diseases carried by whalers and explorers, to which the Indigenous peoples had no acquired immunity. The high mortality rate contributed to the

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The Thule people arrived in Greenland in the 13th century. There they encountered the Norsemen, who had established colonies there since the late 10th century, as well as a later wave of the Dorset people. Because most of Greenland is covered in ice, the Greenland Inuit (or Kalaallit) only live in

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The harshness and unpredictability of life in the Arctic ensured that Inuit lived with concern for the uncontrollable, where a streak of bad luck could destroy an entire community. To offend a spirit was to risk its interference with an already marginal existence. Inuit understood that they had to

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missionaries arrived in the area in the early 20th century they outlawed the practice, but it is now making a comeback thanks to some modern Inuit women who want to revive the practices of their ancestors and get in touch with their cultural roots. The traditional method of tattooing was done with

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tells that the men lived among them for a few years of their own free will until they died attempting to leave Baffin Island in a self-made boat and vanished. Frobisher, in an attempt to find the men, captured three Inuit and brought them back to England. They were possibly the first Inuit ever to

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Justice within Inuit culture was moderated by the form of governance that gave significant power to the elders. As in most cultures around the world, justice could be harsh and often included capital punishment for serious crimes against the community or the individual. During raids against other

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Aged people who have outlived their usefulness and whose life is a burden both to themselves and their relatives are put to death by stabbing or strangulation. This is customarily done at the request of the individual concerned, but not always so. Aged people who are a hindrance on the trail are

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The historic accounts of violence against outsiders make it clear that there was a history of hostile contact within Inuit cultures and with other cultures. It also makes it clear that Inuit nations existed through history, as well as confederations of such nations. The known confederations were

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began missionary activities in Labrador, supported by the British who were tired of the raids on their whaling stations. The Moravian missionaries could easily provide Inuit with the iron and basic materials they had been stealing from whaling outposts, materials whose real cost to Europeans was

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Inupiaq (Inupiatun) is spoken in Russia (extinct) and Alaska, which is one of the 22 official languages of the State of Alaska. In Russia, due to the replacement from their traditional territory in Big Diomede Island to Mainland Russia, Inupiaq language has been nearly extinct with most of them

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Recently, there has been an identity struggle among the younger generations of Inuit, between their traditional heritage and the modern society which their cultures have been forced to assimilate into in order to maintain a livelihood. With current dependence on modern society for necessities,

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The TFN worked for ten years and, in September 1992, came to a final agreement with the Government of Canada. This agreement called for the separation of the Northwest Territories into an eastern territory whose Aboriginal population would be predominately Inuit, the future Nunavut, and a rump

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publicly admitted, "Apparently we have administered the vast territories of the north in an almost continuing absence of mind." The government began to establish about forty permanent administrative centers to provide education, health, and economic development services. Inuit from hundreds of

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in the 1940s and 1950s brought more intensive contact with European society, particularly in the form of public education for children. The traditionalists complained that Canadian education promoted foreign values that were disdainful of the traditional structure and culture of Inuit society.

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in traditional Inuit society had a strong gender component, but it was not absolute. The men were traditionally hunters and fishermen, and the women took care of the children, cleaned the home, sewed, processed food, and cooked. However, there are numerous examples of women who hunted, out of

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Once its more hospitable lands were largely settled, the government of Canada and entrepreneurs began to take a greater interest in its more peripheral territories, especially the fur and mineral-rich hinterlands. By the late 1920s, there were no longer any Inuit who had not been contacted by

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apparently had no adverse effects on their health, nor indeed, on his own health. Stefansson (1946) also observed that Inuit were able to get the necessary vitamins they needed from their traditional winter diet, which did not contain any plant matter. In particular, he found that adequate

2543:(women's parka) was traditionally made extra-large with a separate compartment below the hood to allow the mother to carry a baby against her back and protect it from the harsh wind. Styles vary from region to region, from the shape of the hood to the length of the tails. Boots ( 1698:. The families were told by the RCMP they would be able to return to their home territory within two years if conditions were not right. However, two years later more Inuit families were relocated to the High Arctic. Thirty years passed before they were able to visit Inukjuak. 3051:

filled with adventure tales of whale and walrus hunts. Long winter months of waiting for caribou herds or sitting near breathing holes hunting seals gave birth to stories of the mysterious and sudden appearance of ghosts and fantastic creatures. Some Inuit looked into the

2365:("woman's boat"), larger open boats made of wood frames covered with animal skins, for transporting people, goods, and dogs. They were 6–12 m (20–39 ft) long and had a flat bottom so that the boats could come close to shore. In the winter, Inuit would also hunt 3888:, there are 17,067 people residing in Denmark of Greenlandic Inuit ancestry. Most travel to Denmark for educational purposes, and many remain after finishing their education, which results in the population being mostly concentrated in the big four educational cities of 3105:

was closely tied to a system of rituals integrated into the daily life of the people. These rituals were simple but held to be necessary. According to a customary Inuit saying, "The great peril of our existence lies in the fact that our diet consists entirely of souls".

2937:... More common among the Canadian Inuit than it is among non-Indigenous southern Canadians." The Canadian Medical Association Journal published in 2013 that "tuberculosis among Canadian Inuit has dramatically increased since 1997. In 2010 the incidence in Nunavut 2862:. This child had never been able to walk, but must have been cared for by family throughout her life. She was the best preserved body ever recovered in Alaska, and radiocarbon dating of grave goods and of a strand of her hair all place her back to about 1200 CE. 1694:. They were dropped off in early September when winter had already arrived. The land they were sent to was very different from that in the Inukjuak area; it was barren, with only a couple of months when the temperature rose above freezing, and several months of 1793:

began organizing politically after being geographically cut out of the LIA, because the organization called itself the Labrador Métis Nation just a few years before. Various activist movements began to change the direction of Inuit society in 1975 with the

9493: 4289:, are very popular, not only in Canada but globally, and Inuit artists are widely known. Canada has adopted some of Inuit culture as national symbols, using Inuit cultural icons like the inuksuk in unlikely places, such as its use as a symbol at the 2420:

also protected Inuit villages by barking at bears and strangers. Inuit generally favoured, and tried to breed, the most striking and handsome of dogs, especially ones with bright eyes and healthy coats. Common husky dog breeds used by Inuit were the

2182:– in their traditional diets, Inuit consumed an average of 75 per cent of their daily energy intake from fat. While it is not possible to cultivate plants for food in the Arctic, Inuit have traditionally gathered those that are naturally available. 1869:

was, as of 2016, commonly used to describe Inuit and the Siberian and Alaskan Yupik, and Iñupiat peoples. Eskimo is still used by some groups and organizations to encompass Inuit and Yupik, as well as other Indigenous Alaskan and Siberian peoples.

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that prevailed in Canada in the 1960s. This was a real wake-up call for Inuit, and it stimulated the emergence of a new generation of young Inuit activists in the late 1960s who came forward and pushed for respect for Inuit and their territories.

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in the Northwest Territories. They are officially represented by the Inuvialuit Regional Corporation and, in 1984, received a comprehensive land claims settlement, the first in Northern Canada, with the signing of the Inuvialuit Final Agreement.

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further 21.8 per cent outside of Inuit Nunangat lived in Ontario, 28.7 per cent lived in the western provinces, 12.1 per cent lived in Quebec, while 6.8 per cent lived in the Northwest Territories (not including the Inuvialuit region) and Yukon.

3984:, despite the last two neither speaking an Inuit dialect or considering themselves "Inuit". Nonetheless, it has come together with other circumpolar cultural and political groups to promote Inuit and other northern people in their fight against 2248:

Modern Inuit have lifespans 12 to 15 years shorter than the average Canadian's, which is thought to be influenced by factors such as their diet and limited access to medical services. The life expectancy gap is not closing and remains stagnant.

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enormous social disruptions caused by the distorting effect of Europeans' material wealth and the introduction of different materials. Nonetheless, Inuit society in the higher latitudes largely remained in isolation during the 19th century.

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with official language status from both territories. Inuktitut, the most widely spoken Inuit language in Canada, however, is an official, and one of two main languages, alongside English, of Nunavut and has its speakers throughout Nunavut,

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Given the importance that Eskimos attached to the aged, it is surprising that so many Westerners believe that they systematically eliminated elderly people as soon as they became incapable of performing the duties related to hunting or

1606:(NWMP). Unlike most Aboriginal peoples in Canada, however, Inuit did not occupy lands that were coveted by European settlers. Used to more temperate climates and conditions, most Europeans considered the homeland of Inuit to be hostile 2838:, Inuit fully understood that, if there was to be any hope of obtaining more food, a hunter was necessarily the one to feed on whatever food was left. However, a common response to desperate conditions and the threat of starvation was 1657:

World War II and the Cold War made Arctic Canada strategically important to the great powers for the first time. Thanks to the development of modern long-distance aircraft, these areas became accessible year-round. The construction of

7575: 1523:. While there are some allegations that Inuit were hostile to early French and English explorers, fishermen, and whalers, more recent research suggests that the early relations with whaling stations along the Labrador coast and later 2974:

concluded that only "rudimentary law" existed amongst Inuit. No known Western observer before 1970 was aware that any form of governance existed among any Inuit; however, there was a set way of doing things that had to be followed:

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Inuit had trade relations with more southern cultures; boundary disputes were common and gave rise to aggressive actions. Warfare was not uncommon among those Inuit groups with sufficient population density. Inuit such as the

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By believing that all things, including animals, have souls like those of humans, any hunt that failed to show appropriate respect and customary supplication would only give the liberated spirits cause to avenge themselves.

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needles made of sinew or bone soaked in suet and sewn into the skin, but today they use ink. The Inuit Tattoo Revitalization Project is a community that was created to highlight the revitalization of this ancient tradition.

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was a particularly essential material, used to make knives. Art played a big part in Inuit society and continues to do so today. Small sculptures of animals and human figures, usually depicting everyday activities such as

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usually formed to defend against a more prosperous, and thus stronger, nation. Alternately, people who lived in less productive geographical areas tended to be less warlike, as they had to spend more time producing food.

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on behalf of Inuit living in the eastern Northwest Territories, that would later become Nunavut, from Inuit Tapiriit Kanatami, which became a joint association of Inuit of Quebec, Labrador, and the Northwest Territories.

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with 30,140 Inuit out of a total population of 35,580 residents. Between 2006 and 2016, Inuit population of Nunavut grew by 22.5 per cent. In Nunavut, Inuit population forms a majority in all communities and is the only

2816:, suicide was "not of rare occurrence" and was generally accomplished through hanging. Writing of the Labrador Inuit, Hawkes (1916) was considerably more explicit on the subject of suicide and the burden of the elderly: 3006:

We are told today that Inuit never had laws or "maligait". Why? They say because they are not written on paper. When I think of paper, I think you can tear it up, and the laws are gone. The laws of the Inuit are not on

2920:" were focused on treating people for tuberculosis, though diagnosis was difficult and treatment involved forced removal of individuals from their communities for in-patient confinement in other parts of the country. 5082: 4000:, an international high level forum in which the eight Arctic Countries (United States, Canada, Russia, Denmark, Iceland, Norway, Sweden and Finland) discuss Arctic policy. On 12 May 2011, Greenland's Prime Minister 4394:, and dancing remain important parts of the culture. Family and community are very important. The Inuktitut language is still spoken in many areas of the Arctic and is common on radio and in television programming. 1752:. Inuit population was not large enough to support a full high school in every community, so this meant only a few schools were built, and students from across the territories were boarded there. These schools, in 1780:

Inuit began to emerge as a political force in the late 1960s and early 1970s, shortly after the first graduates returned home. They formed new politically active associations in the early 1970s, starting with the

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was awarded the Meritorious Service Cross, posthumously, for his heroic efforts in a 1972 plane crash. Other notable Inuit include the freelance journalist Ossie Michelin, whose iconic photograph of the activist

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There was also a larger notion of community as, generally, several families shared a place where they wintered. Goods were shared within a household, and also, to a significant extent, within a whole community.

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Canadian churches and, eventually, the federal government ran the earliest health facilities for Inuit population, whether fully segregated hospitals or "annexes" and wards attached to settler hospitals. These

2595:, which consisted in slicing a piece of the meteorite and giving it shape by smashing it with rocks until getting the desired shape, for example, tools for fishing. They used this meteorite for centuries until 2277:, dates back nearly 4,000 years. The facial tattoos detailed aspects of the women's lives, such as where they were from, who their family was, their life achievements, and their position in the community. When 7522: 4557:, which is relatively small compared with the ISR in Northwest Territories and has no communities living within it—but is part of traditional and current Inuvialuit hunting, trapping, fishing, etc. grounds. 4785: 2700:

of several siblings with their parents, wives, and children; or even more than one family sharing dwellings and resources. Every household had its head, either an elder or a particularly respected man.

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his Charter of certain rights and freedoms shall not be construed so as to abrogate or derogate from any aboriginal, treaty or other rights or freedoms that pertain to the aboriginal peoples of Canada.

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at them, they would come down and cut off your head. This tale is still told to children today. For others they were invisible giants, the souls of animals, a guide to hunting and as a spirit for the

12993: 6219: 2082:(Eastern). As Inuktitut was the language of the Eastern Canadian Inuit and Kalaallisut is the language of the Western Greenlandic Inuit, they are related more closely than most other dialects. 3849:. The numbers are not projected to rise in any significant way because of the enrollment requirements, which require proof Inuit ancestry and demonstrated connection with NunatuKavut society. 2657:, and remarriage were known. Among some Inuit groups, if there were children, divorce required the approval of the community and particularly the agreement of the elders. Marriages were often 1469:, Labrador. Inuit do not appear to have interfered with their operations, but raided the stations in winter, taking tools and items made of worked iron, which they adapted to their own needs. 1472: 9650: 9196:"Grønlænderebosiddende i Danmark" (PDF). The North Atlantic Group in the Danish Parliament. 1 January 2006. Archived (PDF) from the original on 30 October 2020. Retrieved 3 October 2020. 2373:(breathing hole) in the ice and waiting for the air-breathing seals to use them. This technique is also used by the polar bear, who hunts by seeking holes in the ice and waiting nearby. 4488:

was hailed as Canada's most artistic city, with 23 per cent of the labor force employed in the arts. Inuit art such as soapstone carvings is one of Nunavut's most important industries.

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from a whale's mouth and even frozen fish, over the snow and ice. Inuit used stars to navigate at sea and landmarks to navigate on land; they possessed a comprehensive native system of

1802:. Southern Labrador Inuit of NunatuKavut is currently in the process of establishing land claims and title rights that would allow them to negotiate with the Newfoundland Government. 7073:

Not included are the myriad of other species of plants and animals that Inuit use, such as geese, ducks, rabbits, ptarmigan, swans, halibut, clams, mussels, cod, berries and seaweed.

2458: 1431:. These Inuit had to subsist on a much poorer diet, and lost access to the essential raw materials for their tools and architecture which they had previously derived from whaling. 6344: 4306:

Some Inuit languages, such as Inuktitut, appear to have a more secure future in Quebec and Nunavut. There are a number of Inuit, even those who now live in urban centres such as

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were thought to have become completely extinct as a people by about 1400 or 1500. But, in the mid-1950s, researcher Henry B. Collins determined that based on the ruins found at

6957: 5078: 9170: 3095:, who tended wounds and offered advice, as well as invoking the spirits to assist people in their lives. Their role was to see, interpret and exhort the subtle and unseen. 1594:'s Inuk wife Shoofly, known for her sewing skills and elegant attire, was influential in convincing him to acquire more sewing accessories and beads for trade with Inuit. 1355:

for Nunatsiavummiut (Labrador Inuit) and NunatuKavummiut (Southern Inuit or Inuit-metis), Inuit did not make significant progress South, or in the case of Labrador, East.

3872:, Inuit population of Greenland is 88 per cent (50,787) out of a total of 57,713 people. Like Nunavut, the population lives throughout the habitable areas of the region. 7175:

Ho, Kang-Jey; Mikkelson, Belma; Lewis, Lena A.; Feldman, Sheldon A.; Taylor, C. Bruce (1 August 1972). "Alaskan Arctic Eskimo: responses to a customary high fat diet".

2790:, elders are the keepers of communal knowledge, effectively the community library. Because they are of extreme value as the repository of knowledge, there are cultural 4756: 2470: 3058:, or northern lights, to find images of their family and friends dancing in the next life. However, some Inuit believed that the lights were more sinister and if you 1635:

often did not understand the rules of the alien society with which they had to interact. In addition, the generally Protestant missionaries of the British preached a

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Kang-Jey Ho; Belma Mikkelson; Lena A. Lewis; Sheldon A. Feldman; C. Bruce Taylor (1 August 1972). "Alaskan Arctic Eskimo: responses to a customary high fat diet".

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necessity or as a personal choice. At the same time, men, who could be away from camp for several days at a time, would be expected to know how to sew and cook.

2340:) which were extraordinarily buoyant, and could be righted by a seated person, even if completely overturned. Because of this property, the design was copied by 5108: 4793: 2245:). While there was considerable skepticism when he reported these findings, the initial anecdotal reports were reaffirmed both in the 1970s, and more recently. 1457:

The lives of Paleo-Eskimos of the far north were largely unaffected by the arrival of visiting Norsemen except for mutual trade. After the disappearance of the

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of the Dorset culture. By 1100 CE, Inuit migrants had reached west Greenland, where they settled. During the 12th century, they also settled in East Greenland.

13187: 804: 4586:"Indigenous identity by Registered or Treaty Indian status: Canada, provinces and territories, census metropolitan areas and census agglomerations with parts" 2351: 4338:

were born and lived the early part of their life "on the land". Inuit culture is alive and vibrant today in spite of the negative impacts of recent history.

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During the early 20th century, a few traders and missionaries circulated among the more accessible bands. After 1904, they were accompanied by a handful of

10396: 3808:. Inuit population of Nunavik grew 23.3 per cent between the 2006 and 2016 censuses. This was the fastest growth among all four regions of Inuit Nunangat. 1582:. It provided the first informed, sympathetic and well-documented account of the economic, social and religious life of Inuit. Parry stayed in what is now 9307: 7702: 7230:"Markedly increased intake of refined carbohydrates and sugar is associated with the rise of coronary heart disease and diabetes among the Alaskan Inuit" 6195:"Part Two: False Assumptions and a Failed Relationship: Chapter 11 – Relocation of Aboriginal Communities: 2.2 To Improve the Lives of Aboriginal People" 4862: 425: 8654: 6226: 6148: 10006: 7405: 5732:"Ancestor descendant relationships in North American Arctic prehistory: Ancient DNA evidence from the Aleutian Islands and the Eastern Canadian Arctic" 1465:

whalers and fishermen were already working the Labrador coast and had established whaling stations on land, such as the one that has been excavated at

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During the 19th century, the Western Arctic suffered a population decline of close to 90 per cent, resulting from exposure to new diseases, including

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carving of a whale into the baby's mouth, in hopes this would make the child good at hunting. Loud singing and drumming were also customary at birth.

9708: 726: 630: 9243: 5662: 3785:(Nunavut, Nunavik, Nunatsiavut, and Inuvialuit Settlement Region). From 2006 to 2016, Inuit population grew by 20.1 per cent inside Inuit Nunangat. 1511:

where five sailors left the ship, under orders from Frobisher, with instructions to stay clear of Inuit. They became part of Inuit mythology. Inuit

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between the Dorset and Thule transition. However a subsequent 2012 genetic analysis showed no genetic link between the Sadlermiut and the Dorset or

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are western Canadian Inuit who remained in the Northwest Territories when Nunavut split off. They live primarily in the Mackenzie River delta, on

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principles. They believed that all things had a form of spirit, including humans, and that to some extent these spirits could be influenced by a

1610:. Southerners enjoyed lucrative careers as bureaucrats and service providers to the people of the North, but very few ever chose to visit there. 1603: 600: 2525:

and footwear is made from animal skins, sewn together using needles made from animal bones and threads made from other animal products, such as

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almost nothing, but whose value to Inuit was enormous. From then on, contacts between the national groups in Labrador were far more peaceful.

1439: 6352: 1916:. Though the Cree etymology has been discredited, "Eskimo" is considered pejorative by some Canadian and English-speaking Greenlandic Inuit. 1789:) and the Labrador Inuit Association (LIA) representing Northern Labrador Inuit. Since the mid-1980s the disputed Southern Labrador Inuit of 397: 2912:

may have contributed to mass deaths among different Inuit tribes. Inuit believed that the causes of the disease were of a spiritual origin.

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in school. Inuit in Russia mostly speak Russian and Central Siberian Yupik. Canadian Inuit, particularly those from Nunavik, may also speak

5193: 8741:; Steiger, William Lee (June 1974). "A Matter of Life and Death: An Investigation Into the Practice of Female Infanticide in the Arctic". 7935: 12774: 12438: 8191: 7148: 5052: 4760: 4135: 514: 363: 1289:

populations, the Aleut and Sadlermiut benefited from both geographical isolation and their ability to adopt certain Thule technologies.

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was often used as the term that applied to the Yupik, Iñupiat, and Inuit. Since then Kaplan has updated this to indicate that the term

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group about 4000 years ago and from northeastern Siberian migrants. They spread eastward across the Arctic. They displaced the related

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coastal settlements, particularly the northern polar coast, the eastern Amassalik coast and the central coasts of western Greenland.

4154:, maintains much autonomy today. Of a population of 56,000, 80 per cent of Greenlanders identify as Inuit. Their economy is based on 1749: 1567:(Inuit-majority), where whale products of the commercial whale hunt were processed and furs traded. The expedition of 1821–23 to the 1074:, of which inhabitants were removed to Russian Mainland, remain in Bering Strait coast of Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, particularly in 769: 494: 385: 9389: 8924: 6867: 1009: 10017:

Raghavan, Maanasa; DeGiorgio, Michael; Albrechtsen, Anders; et al. (2014). "The genetic prehistory of the New World Arctic".

6949: 6767: 5422: 13425: 13327: 12536: 12369: 9848: 9346: 6838: 6392: 1795: 1331:, non-Inuit Indigenous cultures were well established. As a result, being challenged by the groups below the tree line including 504: 380: 4112:

passed the supporting legislation in June of the same year, enabling the 1999 establishment of Nunavut as a territorial entity.

2050:, with official language status from the territorial government. Inuinnaqtun is spoken across the Northwest Territories and the 1153: 13064: 11282: 6205: 6201: 6170: 5688: 4331: 2754:

in 1771. In 1996, Dene and Inuit representatives participated in a healing ceremony to reconcile the centuries-old grievances.

610: 519: 484: 448: 6467: 4691:"Table 1: American Indian and Alaska Native Alone and Alone or in Combination Population by Tribe for the United States: 2000" 3087:

of supernatural entities that could be appeased when one required some animal or inanimate thing to act in a certain way. The

1939:

in Canada and Greenland, respectively, their version has become dominant, although every Inuit dialect uses cognates from the

13173: 12516: 10558: 10537: 10514: 10493: 10472: 10449: 10425: 10378: 10357: 10336: 10296: 10249: 10228: 10205: 10184: 10163: 10117: 10082: 9986: 9965: 9944: 9918: 9897: 9876: 9832: 9704: 9074: 9006: 8887: 8803: 8722: 8526: 8419: 8392: 8174: 8090: 8028: 7804: 7102: 7037: 6933: 6906: 6564: 6548: 6315: 6132: 6003: 5917: 5873: 5517: 5490: 5405: 5378: 5351: 3916:

there were a total of 16,581 Inuit / Inupiat living throughout the country. The majority, about 14,718, live in the state of

2210:

or edible seaweed) were collected and preserved depending on the season and the location. There is a vast array of different

790: 731: 625: 542: 509: 474: 9742: 9627: 8493: 11598: 10098: 9768: 4999:

Park, Robert W. (April 1993). "The Dorset-Thule Succession in Arctic North America: Assessing Claims for Culture Contact".

3099:

were not trained; they were held to be born with the ability and recognized by the community as they approached adulthood.

489: 10607: 6204:(Report). Vol. 1 – Looking Forward Looking Back. Indian and Northern Affairs Canada. October 1996. pp. 434–438. 1768:, brought together young Inuit from across the Arctic in one place for the first time and exposed them to the rhetoric of 13420: 13214: 13047: 12933: 6668: 6618: 4195: 3837:

Included in the population of Newfoundland and Labrador outside of Inuit Nunangat is the unrecognized Inuit territory of

3794: 2211: 1373:

delta area, often engaged in warfare. The more sparsely settled Inuit in the Central Arctic, however, did so less often.

977: 9532: 4927: 2672: 13122: 13052: 12752: 11258: 10315: 10069: 9123: 9031: 7279:"Increase in the intake of refined carbohydrates and sugar may have led to the health decline of the Greenland Eskimos" 7094: 6163: 5696: 4250:. Genetic continuity was observed between Inuit, Thule and Birnirk, who overwhelmingly carried the maternal haplogroup 1830:, " the first Inuk to hold a senior cabinet position, although she is not the first Inuk to be in cabinet altogether." 1466: 1458: 1264: 1139:), who live in Alaska and Siberia, at least at an individual and local level, generally do not self-identify as Inuit. 906: 8107: 7892: 4094:

was approved by nearly 85 per cent of Inuit of what would become Nunavut. As the final step in this long process, the

1732:(1964) were quick to predict that Inuit culture was facing extinction, Inuit political activism was already emerging. 12415: 12071: 11115: 11105: 8343: 6178: 5544: 5104: 2742:

of raids by other Indigenous peoples, including fellow Inuit, and of taking vengeance on them in return, such as the

1083: 849: 547: 358: 200: 9210:"Table 16: American Indian and Alaska Native Alone and Alone or in Combination Population by Tribe for Alaska: 2000" 3996:

is one of the six group of Arctic Indigenous peoples that have a seat as a so-called "Permanent Participant" on the

3122:

In total, there are about 148,000 Inuit living in four countries, Canada, Greenland, Denmark and the United States.

2929:: "In October (2017) the federal Minister of Indigenous Services, Jane Philpott, announced that in 2015 tuberculosis 746: 13410: 13079: 13069: 12722: 12579: 12473: 12458: 9367: 8003:

Snow, Dean R. (1996). "The first Americans and the differentiation of hunter-gatherer cultures North America.". In

6269: 6084: 4496:(including governmental jobs, food, aid, medicine, etc.), Inuit have had much interaction with and exposure to the 4179: 1748:

in the Northwest Territories (including what is now Nunavut) and Inuit areas in Quebec and Labrador along with the

1679: 736: 459: 988:

in Labrador, and in various parts of the Northwest Territories and Yukon (traditionally), particularly around the

13042: 12428: 10634: 9444: 9209: 7626: 7086: 7025: 4700: 4319: 2600: 2024: 1806: 469: 420: 19:

This article is about the peoples of Arctic North America. For the Indigenous people of Labrador and Quebec, see

5841: 12920: 12599: 12551: 12387: 12331: 11158: 9689: 7706: 7032:. Food and Nutrition in History and Anthropology, Volume 8 (1st ed.). Taylor and Francis. pp. 26–29. 6475: 5168: 4979: 4951: 4105: 1878: 1753: 1039: 1586:

over the second winter. Parry's writings, with pen and ink illustrations of Inuit everyday life, and those of

1273:

and the Sadlermiut peoples. It also provided evidence that a population displacement did not occur within the

648: 13059: 12584: 11948: 11242: 11056: 10260: 9997: 8662: 7549: 6471: 5164: 4515:. Principal theories are the change to a Western style diet with more refined foods, and extended education. 4458:, and written, filmed, produced, directed, and acted almost entirely by Inuit of Igloolik. In 2009, the film 4096: 3961: 3881: 2570:, and during the few months of the year when temperatures were above freezing, they lived in tents, known as 1874: 673: 668: 620: 430: 375: 8145: 7412: 6019: 13196: 13153: 12892: 12799: 12764: 12637: 11272: 10998: 9276: 8984: 8954: 4550: 4501: 4484:

worked at preserving Inuktitut and wrote one of the first novels ever published in that language. In 2006,

4410: 3827: 3394: 3254: 2043: 1159: 993: 663: 615: 306: 278: 205: 9244:"Current Alaska Native Tribes Population demographics in Seattle, Washington 2020, 2019 by gender and age" 4971: 1624:, that Inuit should be considered Indians and were thus under the jurisdiction of the federal government. 12617: 12559: 12362: 9217: 6089: 5666: 5635: 5274: 4695: 4631: 4450: 4426: 4183: 4004:

hosted the ministerial meeting of the Arctic Council, an event for which the American Secretary of State

3865: 1827: 1508: 1300:

where there are large swaths of coastal barrens. In Labrador there are two Inuit groups, one accepted by

10406: 9978:

From Talking Chiefs to a Native Corporate Elite: The Birth of Class and Nationalism among Canadian Inuit

9887: 6871: 6648: 3039:

Some Inuit (including Alaska Natives) believed that the spirits of their ancestors could be seen in the

1398:, probably an undifferentiated label for all the Indigenous peoples whom the Norse encountered, whether 12612: 10771: 9763: 8223: 6027: 3447: 2016: 1805:

Canada's 1982 Constitution Act recognized Inuit as Aboriginal peoples in Canada. In the same year, the

1769: 1663: 958: 557: 7121: 6448: 3076:), who lived beneath the sea. The waters, a central food source, were believed to contain great gods. 2485:, and bones, although some tools were also made out of worked stones, particularly the readily worked 2398:

in either a tandem/side-by-side or fan formation would pull a sled made of wood, animal bones, or the

12943: 12448: 11825: 11190: 11125: 11100: 11084: 10766: 10132: 9411: 8601:

Riches, David (October 1974). "The Netsilik Eskimo: A Special Case of Selective Female Infanticide".

7893:"Reconstructing traditional Inuit house forms using three-dimensional interactive computer modelling" 7749: 7654: 6059: 3993: 3953: 3913: 3812: 3777:, there were 65,025 people identifying as Inuit living in Canada. This was up 29.1 per cent from the 3694: 3428: 3198: 2777: 1640: 1423:

activities. But, in the high Arctic, Inuit were forced to abandon their hunting and whaling sites as

950: 876: 605: 234: 7053: 6054: 3002:(shaman) might have to intervene, lest the consequences be dire to the individual or the community. 2221:

lived with and studied a group of Inuit. The study focused on Stefansson's observation that Inuit's

1495:

was the first well-documented contact between Europeans and Inuit. Frobisher's expedition landed in

1016:

classify Inuit as a distinctive group of Aboriginal Canadians who are not included under either the

12759: 12400: 11456: 11235: 10583: 9722:

Penney, Christopher; Senecal, Sacha; Guimond, Eric; Bobet, Ellen; Uppal, Sharanjit (27 June 2008).

8289:

Leighton, Alexander H.; Hughes, Charles C. (December 1955). "Notes on Eskimo Patterns of Suicide".

8051: 7900: 4585: 4327: 4293:

in Vancouver. Respected art galleries display Inuit art, the largest collection of which is at the

4087: 4078: 1702: 1047: 583: 9407: 7680: 5639: 4897: 3523: 13321: 13300: 12433: 12304: 11810: 11477: 11277: 11143: 11120: 10127: 10074: 9390:"Current Alaska Native Tribes Population demographics in Washington 2020, 2019 by gender and age" 8548: 7387: 7060: 5701: 4984:

In this Act, aboriginal peoples of Canada includes the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

4923: 4527: 4518: 4418: 4382: 4051: 2955: 2950: 2834:

When food is not sufficient, the elderly are the least likely to survive. In the extreme case of

2085:

Inuit in Alaska and Northern Canada also typically speak English. In Greenland, Inuit also speak

1839: 1782: 1639:

very different from the one Inuit had as part of their tradition. Many Inuit were systematically

1615: 1552: 1301: 1017: 997: 415: 327: 7768: 5539:. Meddelelser om Grønland Man & Society. Vol. 15. Museum Tusculanum Press. p. 23. 13092: 12747: 12355: 12255: 11781: 11593: 11185: 11180: 10892: 9724:

Suicide in Inuit Nunaat: An analysis of suicide rates and the effect of Community-level factors

8359: 7942: 6895: 5865:

The First Frontier: The Forgotten History of Struggle, Savagery, and Endurance in Early America

4946: 4380:

Although Inuit life has changed significantly over the past century, many traditions continue.

4362: 3781:. Close to three-quarters (72.8 per cent) of Inuit lived in one of the four regions comprising 3466: 3070:(shaman) for spiritual interpretation. The nearest thing to a central deity was the Old Woman ( 2413: 2341: 2070:

Kalaallisut is the official language of Greenland. The Greenlandic languages are divided into:

1721: 1675: 1628: 1572: 1013: 24: 9066: 8199: 8080: 6538: 6079: 5893: 5611: 5341: 5056: 4626: 12727: 12714: 12704: 12657: 12443: 12336: 12292: 12159: 11938: 11906: 11858: 11771: 11763: 11316: 10064: 9976: 9822: 9100: 7794: 6923: 6305: 5993: 5863: 5534: 5395: 4387: 3904:, which all have vibrant Greenlandic communities and cultural centers (Kalaallit Illuutaat). 3823: 3243: 2743: 2231: 2222: 2218: 2047: 1835: 1810: 1519:

The semi-nomadic Inuit were fishermen and hunters harvesting lakes, seas, ice platforms, and

1059: 934: 10504: 10483: 10460: 10415: 10368: 10347: 10326: 10286: 10239: 10195: 10174: 10153: 10107: 9955: 9908: 9866: 8877: 8793: 8702: 8382: 8333: 8164: 8129: 7601: 7001: 6497: 6122: 5507: 5368: 13117: 12326: 12200: 12154: 12113: 12045: 11878: 11868: 11843: 11815: 11713: 11654: 11644: 11634: 11482: 11355: 10696: 10401: 8544:"A Social and Ecologic Analysis of Systematic Female Infanticide among the Netsilik Eskimo" 7744: 7109:...shorelines, Inuit gathered seaweed and shellfish. For some, these foods were a treat;... 5778: 5764: 5738: 5460: 4597: 4511:

in the youngest generations of Inuit. Myopia was almost unknown prior to Inuit adoption of

4485: 4294: 4290: 4286: 4251: 4151: 4125: 4109: 3778: 3774: 3504: 3409: 2909: 2773: 2012: 1932: 1860:

is still used by people; however in the 21st century, usage in North America has declined.

1691: 1671: 1575: 898: 316: 130: 10273: 9467: 8830: 7824: 4422: 4219: 2855: 2684:

Marriage was common for women at puberty and for men when they became productive hunters.

8: 13218: 13018: 12928: 12784: 12511: 12139: 12091: 12086: 12055: 12009: 11896: 11853: 11833: 11798: 11748: 11743: 11726: 11649: 11629: 11619: 11614: 11573: 11563: 11385: 11148: 11110: 10627: 8932: 8854: 8603: 8008: 7846:

Arnold, Charles D.; Hart, Elisa J. (1 January 1992). "The Mackenzie Inuit Winter House".

7436: 7021: 7006: 5616: 5160: 4941: 4481: 4460: 4366: 4342: 2859: 2709: 2588: 2421: 2101: 1959: 1786: 1587: 1535: 1340: 1218:

Faced with population pressures from the Thule and other surrounding groups, such as the

962: 134: 10465:

Antarctica and the Arctic Circle: A Geographic Encyclopedia of the Earth's Polar Regions

9061:

First Nations, Inuit, and Métis peoples : exploring their past, present, and future

6243: 5782: 4318:, who have experienced living on the land in the traditional life style. People such as 4215: 4211: 4017: 4008:

came to Nuuk, as did many other high-ranking officials such as Russian Foreign Minister

3114:

work in harmony with supernatural powers to provide the necessities of day-to-day life.

1996: 890: 588: 13107: 12737: 12677: 12481: 12405: 12395: 12318: 12260: 12174: 12164: 12144: 12129: 12103: 11994: 11979: 11933: 11928: 11901: 11838: 11793: 11733: 11639: 11588: 11578: 11542: 11503: 11498: 11461: 11438: 11426: 11421: 11411: 11380: 11333: 11301: 11025: 10526: 10435: 9954:

Leenaars, Antoon A.; Wenckstern, Susanne; Sakinofsky, Isaac; et al., eds. (1998).

9790: 9393: 9247: 9059: 8909: 8766: 8714: 8710: 8628: 8575: 7917: 7303: 7254: 6656:

The term 'Eskimo', applied to Inuit by European explorers, is no longer used in Canada.

5967: 5802: 5592: 5433: 5229: 5203: 5026: 5001: 4658: 4398: 3921: 3885: 3884:

varies from source to source between 15,000 and 20,000. According to 2023 figures from

3868: 3732: 3054: 3040: 2925: 2564:

During the winter, certain Inuit lived in a temporary shelter made from snow called an

1461:, Inuit had no contact with Europeans for at least a century. By the mid-16th century, 1257: 1243: 1219: 1100: 1051: 946: 858: 265: 11294: 7352: 7327: 7229: 6594:"Setting the Record Straight About Native Languages: What Does "Eskimo" Mean In Cree?" 5479: 5394:

Harris, R. Cole; Gentilcore, R. Louis; Matthews, Geoffrey J.; Kerr, Donald P. (1987).

2809:

found that the death of elders by suicide was a commonplace among the Iglulik Inuit".

1527:

were based on a mutual interest in trade. In the final years of the 18th century, the

341: 13102: 13097: 12905: 12769: 12589: 12574: 12491: 12250: 12245: 12240: 12233: 12228: 12205: 12195: 12190: 12169: 12134: 12108: 12096: 12081: 12050: 12024: 11965: 11960: 11953: 11943: 11848: 11803: 11753: 11721: 11624: 11583: 11547: 11328: 11323: 11227: 11033: 10554: 10533: 10510: 10489: 10468: 10445: 10421: 10386: 10374: 10353: 10332: 10311: 10292: 10245: 10224: 10201: 10180: 10159: 10113: 10078: 10044: 10036: 10019: 9982: 9961: 9940: 9914: 9893: 9872: 9828: 9795: 9777: 9723: 9572: 9284: 9070: 8883: 8799: 8758: 8718: 8620: 8567: 8522: 8516: 8415: 8388: 8339: 8306: 8240: 8170: 8086: 8024: 7865: 7800: 7464: 7456: 7357: 7339: 7308: 7259: 7202: 7194: 7161: 7098: 7033: 6929: 6902: 6544: 6311: 6174: 6149:"Government of Canada Apologizes for Relocation of Inuit Families to the High Arctic" 6128: 5999: 5913: 5897: 5869: 5806: 5794: 5769: 5596: 5584: 5540: 5513: 5486: 5401: 5374: 5347: 5314: 5018: 4905: 4854: 4593: 4473: 4234: 4191: 3858: 3072: 2998:

If an individual's actions went against the tirigusuusiit, maligait or piqujait, the

2971: 2658: 2634: 2195: 2079: 1705: 1687: 1568: 1492: 1027: 479: 9933: 8409: 7921: 6413: 6194: 5942: 5253: 4223: 2941:... Was 304 per 100,000—more than 66 times the rate seen in the general population. 1256:. The Sadlermiut population survived up until winter 1902–1903 when exposure to new 12963: 12521: 12287: 12277: 12210: 12076: 12019: 12014: 12004: 11921: 11916: 11738: 11688: 11683: 11513: 11433: 11416: 11406: 11390: 11306: 10847: 10726: 10722: 10548: 10390: 10137: 10052: 10028: 9803: 9785: 9607: 9564: 8774: 8750: 8636: 8612: 8583: 8557: 8314: 8302: 8298: 8271: 8248: 8232: 8016: 7909: 7873: 7857: 7848: 7754: 7472: 7448: 7365: 7347: 7298: 7290: 7249: 7241: 7210: 7186: 7157: 6479: 6281: 6064: 5786: 5705: 5576: 5034: 5010: 4725: 4497: 4454:, was released worldwide to great critical and popular acclaim. It was directed by 4444:

Visual and performing arts are strong features of Inuit culture. In 2002 the first

4436: 4199: 4108:, which replaced the TFN with the ratification of the Nunavut Final Agreement. The 3933: 3288: 2437: 2308: 2291: 2105: 2090: 2071: 2051: 1951: 1936: 1765: 1683: 1659: 1488: 1274: 1223: 966: 823: 152: 140: 8562: 8543: 8020: 7146:

Lieb, Clarence W. (1926). "The Effects of an Exclusive Long-Continued Meat Diet".

6568: 4827: 2786:) and "unproductive people", but this is not generally true. In a culture with an 2296: 2067:(Labrador), and the Northwest Territories, where it is also an official language. 13346: 13333: 13141: 13013: 12742: 12652: 12569: 12564: 12272: 12265: 12149: 12029: 11999: 11911: 11891: 11786: 11703: 11698: 11693: 11668: 11568: 11365: 11350: 11338: 10679: 10669: 10659: 10587: 9928: 9635: 9451: 8082:

Milton's Teeth and Ovid's Umbrella: Curiouser and Curiouser Adventures in History

7030:

Traditional Plant Foods of Canadian Indigenous Peoples: Nutrition, Botany and Use

6443: 6418: 6366: 4730: 4523: 4512: 4455: 4243: 4005: 3969: 3842: 3084: 3030: 2917: 2871: 2798: 2697: 2666: 2621: 2596: 2086: 1982: 1729: 1528: 1381: 1370: 973: 954: 678: 653: 390: 255: 148: 144: 126: 8676: 8490:] may have killed one out of every five female babies between 1880 and 1940" 7913: 7294: 7278: 7245: 5901: 5580: 5567:

Palmer, Jay W. (January 1999). "The Dorset: An Enigma = Le Dorset: une énigme".

5293: 4227: 3830:. Inuit population growth in the region was largely flat between 2006 and 2016. 2576:, made of animal skins supported by a frame of bones or wood. Some, such as the 13405: 13284: 13165: 12938: 12900: 12689: 12496: 12423: 12299: 11886: 11863: 11776: 11508: 11345: 11203: 10993: 10884: 10758: 10703: 10620: 10176:

Images of Justice: A Legal History of the Northwest Territories and Yellowknife

8738: 8076: 7796:

Conceptual Structural Design: Bridging the Gap Between Architects and Engineers

5905: 4477: 4430: 4335: 4239: 4159: 4101: 4047: 3997: 3989: 3981: 3957: 3819:. In Nunatsiavut, Inuit population grew by 6.0 per cent between 2006 and 2016. 3782: 3485: 3398: 3258: 3213: 3187: 3162: 3102: 3026: 2847: 2806: 2739: 2693: 2689: 2677: 2662: 2612: 2522: 2453: 2433: 2391: 2327: 1909: 1823: 1717: 1709:

smaller camps scattered across the north began to congregate in these hamlets.

1512: 1443:

A European ship coming into contact with Inuit in the ice of Hudson Bay in 1697

1412: 1336: 1332: 1188: 1136: 1001: 741: 706: 575: 273: 172: 7493: 6978: 6745: 6721: 6697: 6676: 6649:"Words First An Evolving Terminology Relating to Aboriginal Peoples in Canada" 6626: 1539:

Hudson's Bay Company Ships bartering with Inuit off the Upper Savage Islands,

13399: 13274: 13087: 13003: 12988: 12817: 12779: 12682: 12647: 12607: 12486: 12453: 10957: 10837: 10674: 10664: 10651: 10602: 10040: 9781: 9747: 8925:"Tirigusuusiit, Piqujait and Maligait: Inuit Perspectives on Traditional Law" 8762: 8624: 8571: 8310: 8244: 8125: 8004: 7869: 7460: 7343: 7198: 6534: 5588: 5022: 4919: 4469: 4465: 4402: 4358: 4346: 4323: 4187: 4147: 4009: 4001: 3929: 3656: 3345: 3092: 2967: 2751: 2646: 2429: 2366: 2127: 2094: 1971: 1935:(Kalaallisut) word for 'the people'. Since Inuktitut and Kalaallisut are the 1913: 1560: 1540: 1500: 1496: 1462: 1424: 1351:

for Nunavummiut (Nunavut Inuit) and Nunavimmiut (Northern Quebec Inuit), and

1176: 1120: 1055: 780: 683: 499: 464: 195: 11214: 10217: 10032: 9591: 9568: 9035: 8131:

A Journey from Prince of Wales's Fort in Hudson's Bay, to the Northern Ocean

8015:. Vol. I: North America. Cambridge University Press. pp. 125–200. 7452: 7190: 6593: 5842:"Late-18th and Early-19th-Century Inuit and Europeans in Southern Labrador" 5790: 4130:

In 1953, Denmark put an end to the colonial status of Greenland and granted

3091:

of a community of Inuit was not the leader, but rather a sort of healer and

1851: 1320:

while the most southern community within the traditional Inuit territory of

1293: 13226: 12958: 12850: 12812: 12789: 12501: 10897: 10812: 10048: 9321: 7312: 7263: 6654:. Communications Branch, Indian and Northern Affairs Canada. October 2002. 5798: 5318: 4445: 4372: 4247: 4139: 4074: 3364: 2963: 2905: 2877: 2787: 2592: 2533:(parka) is made in a similar fashion by Arctic peoples from Europe through 2511: 2490: 2238: 2147: 2031: 2008: 1940: 1773: 1591: 1564: 1556: 1239: 1202: 1172: 1168: 1031: 989: 552: 435: 167: 10056: 9807: 9799: 9552: 8778: 8640: 8587: 8318: 8266:

Kjellstrom, Rolf (1974). "Senilicide and Invalidicide among the Eskimos".

8252: 7877: 7476: 7468: 7369: 7361: 7214: 7206: 6623:

American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language: Fourth Edition, 2000

5038: 4259: 3637: 2553:), could be made of caribou or seal skin, and designed for men and women. 1292:

In Canada and Greenland, Inuit circulated almost exclusively north of the

13269: 13239: 13112: 13023: 12998: 12973: 12870: 12865: 12860: 12732: 12672: 11153: 11013: 10691: 10684: 9910:

Arctic Spirit: Inuit Art from the Albrecht Collection at the Heard Museum

9576: 8236: 5198: 4489: 4406: 4391: 4299: 4055: 4037: 3838: 3816: 3307: 3209: 2966:

was thought non-existent in Inuit society before the introduction of the

2959: 2901: 2839: 2616: 2503: 2235: 2143: 2135: 2064: 2035: 2000: 1831: 1799: 1790: 1757: 1745: 1712:

Regular visits from doctors and access to modern medical care raised the

1695: 1559:

such as Great Whale River (1820), today the site of the twin villages of

1411:

After about 1350, the climate grew colder during the period known as the

1321: 1313: 1309: 1305: 1071: 985: 658: 290: 31: 10387:

The long exile: a tale of Inuit betrayal and survival in the high Arctic

10370:

The Long Exile: A Tale of Inuit Betrayal and Survival in the High Arctic

8288: 8275: 7941:(Report). Greenland National Museum & Archives. 2015. Archived from 7861: 6286: 5294:"When 'Eskimo' and 'Inuit' are not the same thing: looking inside words" 5233: 5194:"Expert says 'meat-eater' name Eskimo an offensive term placed on Inuit" 4500:

outside their previous cultural boundaries. The stressors regarding the

4054:

oversees only the four official regions, there remains the unrecognized

2762:

peoples, Inuit, like their non-Inuit neighbors, tended to be merciless.

1987: 1392: 1344: 12837: 12807: 12531: 10917: 10859: 10743: 10485:

Critical Inuit studies: an anthology of contemporary Arctic ethnography

10417:

Chronicles of Ancient Darkness: Wolf Brother; Spirit Walker; Soul Eater

8770: 8632: 7026:"Chapter 4. Descriptions and Uses of Plant Foods by Indigenous Peoples" 6983: 6925:

The Language of the Inuit: Syntax, Semantics, and Society in the Arctic

6750: 6726: 6702: 6540:

American Indian Languages: The Historical Linguistics of Native America

5258: 4653: 4414: 4376:

An Inuit woman uses a traditional amauti and a modern western stroller.

4350: 4270: 4070: 4013: 3965: 3889: 3751: 3599: 3542: 2897: 2813: 2179: 2171: 2151: 2117: 1901: 1741: 1713: 1627:

Native customs were worn down by the actions of the RCMP, who enforced

1620: 1607: 1579: 1365: 1260:

brought by contact with Europeans led to their extinction as a people.

1247: 1112: 1079: 441: 10965: 10780: 9728:

Position paper for the 5th NRF open Assembly, September 24th–27th 2008

8579: 5252:

Eberhard, David M.; Simons, Gary F.; Fennig, Charles D., eds. (2021).

5220:

Mailhot, José (1978). "L'etymologie de "esquimau" revue et corrigée".

5030: 4898:"Inuit population by residence inside or outside Inuit Nunangat, 2016" 4175: 1108: 1067: 1043: 13244: 12953: 12877: 12855: 12627: 12526: 12506: 11043: 10970: 10735: 10241:

In Order to Live Untroubled: Inuit of the Central Arctic 1550 to 1940

9653:[Interview with Jean-Michel Huctin, co-author of Tour Inuk]. 9612: 8905:"Out in the cold: What the TB crisis in Nunavut reveals about Canada" 5827: 4757:"Inuit, Inuk (Linguistic recommendation from the Translation Bureau)" 4282: 4131: 4121: 3977: 3561: 3059: 3048: 2893: 2885: 2723: 2515: 2507: 2486: 2482: 2474: 2449: 2320: 2274: 2263:

The ancient art of face tattooing among Inuit women, which is called

2227: 2139: 2122:

Inuit have traditionally been fishermen and hunters. They still hunt

2039: 2004: 1928: 1524: 1428: 1328: 1198: 1132: 1038:

in 1985, Inuit of Greenland are Danish citizens and, as such, remain

918: 914: 537: 454: 295: 10575: 8754: 8616: 6270:"The Arctic Institute of North America: The Origin of the Institute" 4492:

was an Inuit artist who made miniature sculptures out of soapstone.

4061: 13305: 13264: 12842: 12622: 12282: 11311: 11048: 11038: 10927: 10922: 10912: 10794: 10439: 9849:"Inuk journalist awarded for best image in human rights exhibition" 8384:

A Yupiaq Worldview: A Pathway to Ecology and Spirit, Second Edition

5509:

A Prehistory of the North: Human Settlement of the Higher Latitudes

5014: 4315: 4311: 4138:

was passed with 75 per cent approval. Although still a part of the

4041: 3846: 3618: 3326: 2999: 2889: 2783: 2782:

A pervasive European myth about Inuit is that they killed elderly (

2718: 2650: 2642: 2408: 2403: 2395: 2377: 2278: 2265: 2258: 2131: 1645: 1636: 1583: 1360: 1297: 1116: 1063: 922: 57: 52: 12694: 10420:. Issues 1–3 of Chronicles of ancient darkness. Orion Children's. 10328:

Kiumajut (talking Back): Game Management and Inuit Rights, 1900–70

9057:

Roberts, John A.; Sproule, Fredrick C.; Montgomery, Randy (2006).

7576:"Keeping Tradition Alive: The Inuit Tattoo Revitalization Project" 6307:

Arctic Power: The Path to Responsible Government in Canada's North

5453:

Tooth wear and the sexual division of labor in an Inuit population

4504:

among teenagers have led to disturbingly high numbers of suicide.

2406:. Where natural landmarks were insufficient, Inuit would erect an 2315: 1740:

In the 1960s, the Canadian government funded the establishment of

1021: 13279: 13234: 12983: 12832: 12822: 12667: 12662: 12642: 12632: 11008: 11003: 10975: 10902: 10852: 10842: 10748: 10713: 9433: 5275:"Eskimo, Inuit, and Inupiaq: Do these terms mean the same thing?" 4155: 4143: 4033: 4029: 3985: 3973: 3944: 3925: 3901: 3805: 3789: 3580: 3269: 3224: 3183: 3151: 3080: 2881: 2716:. One of the customs following the birth of an infant was for an 2654: 2645:: many Inuit relationships were implicitly or explicitly sexual. 2495: 2203: 2183: 2175: 2159: 2075: 2060: 2055: 1590:

were widely read after they were both published in 1824. Captain

1504: 1477: 1420: 1405: 1377: 1317: 1128: 1089:

Many individuals who would have historically been referred to as

981: 930: 286: 282: 12347: 9953: 9277:"Aboriginal peoples in Canada: Key results from the 2016 Census" 8453: 8432: 7726: 7724: 5892:

Jensen, Anne M.; Sheehan, Glenn W.; MacLean, Stephen A. (2009).

2556: 2027:

or Russian predominantly with some Inupiaq linguistic features.

1095:

find that term offensive or forced upon them in a colonial way;

13200: 13008: 12978: 12948: 12910: 12882: 12827: 12541: 12378: 10985: 10953: 10874: 10818: 10801: 10787: 9651:"Entretien avec Jean-Michel Huctin, co-auteur du Voyage d'Inuk" 9596:

The celebration of an Inuit winter feast in the central Arctic"

8795:

Gift of the Whale: The Inupiat Bowhead Hunt, a Sacred Tradition

6024:

Inuit & Englishmen: The Nunavut Voyages of Martin Frobisher

4855:"Inuit Sign Language: a contribution to sign language typology" 4508: 4307: 4275: 3917: 3897: 3893: 3801: 3713: 3172: 2958:

or Inuit traditional laws are anthropologically different from

2843: 2835: 2685: 2626: 2606: 2577: 2545: 2539: 2530: 2526: 2463: 2399: 2242: 2155: 1905: 1865: 1809:(TFN) was incorporated, in order to take over negotiations for 1761: 1678:

for several reasons. These were to include protecting Canada's

1632: 1520: 1416: 1180: 1091: 942: 926: 910: 835: 269: 10214: 9764:"Inuit myopia: an environmentally induced "epidemic"?" 7494:"Inuk woman shares the meaning behind her traditional tattoos" 6164:

The High Arctic Relocation: A Report on the 1953–55 Relocation

4902:

Aboriginal peoples in Canada: Key results from the 2016 Census

4553:(ISR) also includes the Yukon North Slope in the territory of 3811:

The 2016 Canada Census found there were 6,450 Inuit living in

12699: 10932: 10907: 10864: 10807: 9762:

Morgan, R.W.; Speakman, J.S.; Grimshaw, S.E. (8 March 1975).

8521:. Garden City, New York: American Museum of Natural History. 8465: 7984: 7972: 7960: 7721: 7602:"How Inuit Women Are Using Tattoos to Reclaim Their Own Skin" 4554: 3788:

The largest population of Inuit in Canada as of 2016 live in

3383: 3035: 2791: 2727: 2713: 2572: 2566: 2506:

and figurative works carved in relatively soft stone such as

2499: 2386: 2361: 2345: 2332: 2199: 2187: 2163: 2123: 2108:

and is almost extinct as only around 50 people still use it.

1908:

meaning 'a person who laces a snowshoe', but is also used in

1817: 1481: 1184: 1124: 1075: 938: 190: 10349:

Arctic Clothing of North America – Alaska, Canada, Greenland

10016: 9541:, p. 1, Supplementary Materials, pp. 109–112, Table S1. 9538: 7891:

Levy, Richard M.; Dawson, Peter C.; Arnold, Charles (2004).

5393: 4472:

Jean-Michel Huctin. One of the most famous Inuit artists is

3964:(NGO), which defines its constituency as Canada's Inuit and 1643:

in the 19th and 20th centuries, through rituals such as the

1267:

research has supported the theory of continuity between the

13254: 13249: 10346:

King, J. C. H.; Pauksztat, Birgit; Storrie, Robert (2005).

8108:"From Skeptic to Believer: The Making of an Oral Historian" 8013:

The Cambridge History of the Native Peoples of the Americas

7936:

The Cultural History of the Innaanganeq/Cape York Meteorite

6820: 6802: 6784: 5343:

The Cambridge History of the Native Peoples of the Americas

4354: 4238:

in August 2014 examined a large number of remains from the

3675: 2747: 2534: 2191: 2170:

and at times other less commonly eaten animals such as the

2167: 1385: 1352: 1348: 961:, also known as Inuit-Yupik-Unangan, and also as Eskaleut. 20: 3826:. The majority, 3,110, live in the six communities of the 2481:

Inuit industry relied almost exclusively on animal hides,

2416:, which are tactile devices that represent the coastline. 2394:. These dogs were bred from wolves, for transportation. A 2230:

could be obtained from items in their traditional diet of

832: 10869: 10592: 9889:

Inuit Women: Their Powerful Spirit in a Century of Change

9721: 9682:"Northern resident helps bridge the gap between cultures" 9032:"The Canadian Association of Aboriginal Entrepreneurship" 8486:"Female infanticide: northern exposure – Intuit [ 7227: 6034: 4100:

was signed on May 25, 1993, in Iqaluit by Prime Minister

2581: 1614:

traders, missionaries or government agents. In 1939, the

838: 829: 10612: 10580: 9868:

Names and Nunavut: Culture and Identity in Arctic Canada

9056: 9007:"Aurora borealis observation journal of Sir George Back" 7703:"The Official Animal of Nunavut: The Canadian Inuit Dog" 7411:. Inuit Tapiriit Kanatami. February 2009. Archived from 4942:"Aboriginal rights and freedoms not affected by Charter" 3845:(formerly known as "Labrador-metis") reside in southern 2850:

mentions diverse studies ranging from 15 to 80 percent.

2591:

as a primary resource of Iron, using a technique called

1885:

was not generally accepted as a term for the Yupik, and

1250:

were likely the last remnants of the Dorset culture, or

1154:

Indigenous peoples in Canada § Paleo-Indians period

9171:"Indigenous Population Profile, Statistics Canada 2021" 7174: 6324: 4468:

by Mike Magidson and co-written by Magidson and French

4357:, Greenland staging in 2002. In other sporting events, 3992:

which disproportionately affects Inuit population. The

2688:

structure was flexible: a household might consist of a

2537:

and the Americas, including Inuit. The back part of an

11257: 9761: 6151:(Press release). Government of Canada. 18 August 2010. 5536:

Archaeology and Environment in the Scoresby Sund Fjord

4086:

Northwest Territories in the west. It was the largest

2892:. Autopsies near Greenland reveal that, more commonly 2344:

and Americans who still produce them under Inuit name

2330:

from single-passenger, seal-skin covered boats called

1034:

migrations from Canada by 1100 CE. Although Greenland

10597: 10285:

Hauser, Michael; Holtved, Erik; Jensen, Bent (2010).

9520: 9508: 8134:. London: A. Strahan and T. Cadell. pp. 114–162. 5995:

Arctic Labyrinth: The Quest for the Northwest Passage

5323:

Territorial Groups of West-Central Alaska Before 1898

5141:

Goats and Soda: Stories of a Life in a Changing World

4507:

A series of authors have focused upon the increasing

4090:

agreement in Canadian history. In November 1992, the

1127:). Therefore, the Aleut (Unangan) and Yupik peoples ( 905:) are a group of culturally and historically similar 850: 10345: 9271: 9269: 9267: 9265: 9263: 9261: 9259: 9257: 8876:

Morrison, David A.; Germain, Georges-Hébert (1995).

8705:. In Brigitte Bechtold; Donna Cooper Graves (eds.). 8541: 5891: 5459:(Thesis). University of Saskatchewan. Archived from 5251: 4526:

went viral after the 2013 anti-fracking protests at

2923:

Dr. Kevin Patterson, a physician, wrote an op-ed in

1652: 841: 10284: 10197:

Encounters on the Passage: Inuit meet the explorers

9820: 9302: 9300: 9298: 9296: 9294: 7523:"Catholic church marks 100 years in Eastern Arctic" 6367:"Committee for Original Peoples Entitlement (COPE)" 5887: 5885: 5485:. Penguin (University of California). p. 256. 5333: 2376:In winter, both on land and on sea ice, Inuit used 826: 10525: 10405:. Season 48. 12 February 2009. CBC. Archived from 10216: 9932: 9308:"Aboriginal Peoples Highlight Tables, 2016 Census" 9058: 7000:Gadsby, Patricia; Steele, Leon (19 January 2004). 6894: 6393:"Nunavut's Aglukkaq named federal health minister" 5478: 5387: 4920:"Maps of Inuit Nunangat (Inuit Regions of Canada)" 4808: 4440:Inuit seal hunter in a kayak, armed with a harpoon 4020:. At that event they signed the Nuuk Declaration. 2641:The marital customs among Inuit were not strictly 2285: 2015:, which belong to the Inuit-Inupiaq branch of the 60:Inuit women and child in traditional parkas (1999) 10434: 10325:Kulchyski, Peter Keith; Tester, Frank J. (2007). 9466:. Irc.inuvialuit.com. 5 June 1984. Archived from 9254: 8338:(second ed.). University of Nebraska Press. 7705:. Legislative Assembly of Nunavut. Archived from 7328:"The paleopathology of the cardiovascular system" 6864:"Official Languages of the Northwest Territories" 6124:Inuit Education and Schools in the Eastern Arctic 5481:Collapse: How Societies Choose to Fail Or Succeed 3822:As of 2016, there were 4,080 Inuit living in the 13397: 13195: 10467:. Vol. 1: A–I. ABC-CLIO. pp. 390–395. 9927: 9705:"Cape Dorset named most 'artistic' municipality" 9291: 8981:"When Survival Means Preserving Oral Traditions" 8459: 8438: 7890: 7550:"Reclaiming Inuit culture, one tattoo at a time" 7547: 6954:Office of the Commissioner of Official Languages 6088:. Vol. VIII (1851–1860) (online ed.). 5912:(second ed.). Academic Press. p. 630. 5882: 5367:Dean, William G.; Matthews, Geoffrey J. (1998). 5360: 5340:Trigger, Bruce G.; Washburn, Wilcomb E. (1996). 3047:The environment in which Inuit lived inspired a 1476:An anonymous 1578 illustration believed to show 1183:around 1000 CE. They had split from the related 1103:for a large sub-group of these people. The word 12464:United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea 10397:"Inuit Odyssey: History of the Thule Migration" 10324: 9858: 9743:"Short-sightedness may be tied to refined diet" 9492:. 2.statcan.ca. 21 January 2003. Archived from 8875: 8166:Eskimo Essays: Yup'ik Lives and how We See Them 7627:"Tunniit: Retracing the Lines of Inuit Tattoos" 7388:"Inuit lifespan stagnates while Canada's rises" 7381: 7379: 6928:. McGill-Queen's University Press. p. 62. 6844:. Government of the Northwest Territories. 1998 6839:"Official Languages Act (Northwest Territories" 6803:"Inuit Language Protection Act, SNu 2008, c 17" 6161: 5968:"The International Fishery of the 16th Century" 5533:Sandell, Hanne Tuborg; Sandell, Birger (1991). 5400:. University of Toronto Press. pp. 28–29. 5339: 4150:), Greenland, known as Kalaallit Nunaat in the 1452: 1399: 1324:and in the world is L'anse au Clair, Labrador. 1284: 1278: 1268: 1251: 1233: 1227: 1209: 1192: 884: 870: 13416:History of indigenous peoples of North America 10481: 9995: 9886:Billson, Janet Mancini; Mancini, Kyra (2007). 9885: 9589: 8737: 8471: 8162: 7990: 7978: 7966: 7730: 7599: 7276: 7020: 6950:"The languages of Nunavut: A delicate balance" 6611: 5998:. University of California Press. p. 20. 5855: 5532: 4198:, is in the Inupiat region. Their language is 3800:As of 2016, there were 13,945 Inuit living in 2692:(or wives) and children; it might include his 2443: 1030:, also known as Kalaallit, are descendants of 13181: 12363: 11243: 11219: 10628: 9821:Rosenfield, Mark; Gilmartin, Bernard (1998). 9730:(Report). Indian and Northern Affairs Canada. 8600: 7573: 7084: 6244:"Broken Promises: The High Arctic Relocation" 4846: 4828:"Overview of Comparative Inuit-Yupik-Unangan" 3079:Inuit practiced a form of shamanism based on 2765: 1390: 798: 10305: 10109:Never in Anger: Portrait of an Eskimo Family 10027:(6200) (published 29 August 2014): 1255832. 9996:Ohokak, Gwen; Kadlun, Margo; Harnum, Betty. 9931:; Kral, Michael J.; Dyck, Ronald J. (1998). 9628:"Biography of the Honourable Leona Aglukkaq" 9539:Raghavan, DeGiorgio & Albrechtsen (2014) 8845: 8843: 8414:. University of Oklahoma Press. p. 21. 7376: 7319: 6999: 6641: 6461: 6459: 5985: 5366: 5154: 5152: 5150: 4972:"Rights of the Aboriginal Peoples of Canada" 4580: 4578: 3012:Mariano Aupilaarjuk, Rankin Inlet, Nunavut, 2607:Gender roles, marriage, birth, and community 2042:) are spoken. Inuvialuktun is spoken in the 1842:respectively from 1993 to 1996 and in 2003. 16:Indigenous peoples of northern North America 12775:Effects of global warming on marine mammals 12439:Chief Directorate of the Northern Sea Route 10550:Kenojuak: The Life Story of an Inuit Artist 10288:Traditional Inuit songs from the Thule area 10272:Freeman, Minnie Aodla (24 September 2020). 9590:Laugrand, Frédéric; Oosten, Jarich (2002). 9550: 9400: 9238: 9236: 7647: 6821:"Official Languages Act, RSNWT 1988, c O-1" 6342: 5830:. Rigolet Inuit Community Government. 2017. 5470: 5346:. Cambridge University Press. p. 192. 5313: 5309: 5307: 5105:"Overseas Countries and Territories (OCTs)" 4852: 4790:Institut polaire français Paul-Emile Victor 4761:Public Works and Government Services Canada 4464:, a Greenlandic-language feature film, was 3066:to help with healing. They relied upon the 2696:as well as adopted children; it might be a 13188: 13174: 12370: 12356: 11250: 11236: 10635: 10621: 10482:Stern, Pamela R.; Stevenson, Lisa (2006). 10063: 9551:Bass, Edward J.; Jackson, John F. (1977). 8265: 7845: 7792: 7440:The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 7178:The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 6915: 6773:. Government of Nunavut. 11 November 2013. 6588: 6586: 6522: 5861: 5373:. University of Toronto Press. p. 2. 5328: 5215: 5213: 3797:where Aboriginal peoples form a majority. 1818:Inuit cabinet members at the federal level 1376:Their first European contact was with the 1163:Dorset, Norse, and Thule cultures 900–1500 805: 791: 51: 10259:Freeman, Milton M. R. (24 October 2017). 10215:Forman, Werner; Burch, Ernest S. (1988). 9789: 9715: 9611: 9557:American Journal of Physical Anthropology 9204: 9202: 9065:. Emond Montgomery Publications. p. 8902: 8840: 8561: 7793:Larsen, Olga Popovic; Tyas, Andy (2003). 7488: 7486: 7351: 7325: 7302: 7253: 7139: 6886: 6768:"Consolidation of Official Languages Act" 6741: 6739: 6717: 6715: 6456: 6345:"Forced relocation of Inuit acknowledged" 6285: 5868:. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. p. 20. 5505: 5187: 5185: 5147: 5137:"Why You Probably Shouldn't Say 'Eskimo'" 4892: 4890: 4888: 4886: 4884: 4882: 4880: 4853:Schuit, Joke; Baker, Anne; Pfau, Roland. 4575: 4365:in the 2003–2004 season, playing for the 1503:, not far from the settlement now called 30:"Inuk" redirects here. For the film, see 10502: 10291:. Vol. 2. Museum Tusculanum Press. 10151: 9974: 9702: 9490:"Aboriginal identity population in 2001" 9233: 9026: 9024: 8380: 8183: 6868:Prince of Wales Northern Heritage Centre 6785:"Official Languages Act, SNu 2008, c 10" 6565:"Cree Mailing List Digest November 1997" 6543:. Oxford University Press. p. 394. 6533: 6527: 6330: 6162:Dussault, René; Erasmus, George (1994). 6120: 6052: 6040: 5991: 5660: 5620:. Vol. CX, no. 5. p. 674. 5304: 5247: 5245: 5243: 4751: 4749: 4435: 4371: 4353:, Alberta, and a joint Iqaluit, Nunavut- 4269: 4060: 3943: 3034: 2778:Suicide among Canadian aboriginal people 2671: 2620: 2555: 2469: 2457: 2350: 2314: 2300:Inupiat man in a kayak, Noatak, Alaska, 2295: 1986: 1534: 1471: 1438: 1158: 13328:James Bay and Northern Quebec Agreement 10366: 10271: 10258: 10237: 9600:Journal de la Société des Américanistes 9165: 9163: 9161: 9103:. First-Nations.info. 21 September 2014 8983:. voices-unabridged.org. Archived from 8514: 7678: 7228:DiNicolantonio, JJ; O'Keefe, J (2017). 6583: 6508: 6491: 6489: 6299: 6297: 6077: 5609: 5512:. Rutgers University Press. p. 3. 5476: 5219: 5210: 5134: 4685: 4683: 4681: 4679: 4677: 4648: 4646: 4644: 4642: 4621: 4619: 4617: 4615: 4297:. Their traditional New Year is called 3924:data, there are 700 Alaskan Natives in 2854:waves to erode part of the bluffs near 1796:James Bay and Northern Quebec Agreement 1434: 1312:. The most southern Inuit community in 972:Canadian Inuit live throughout most of 13398: 10105: 10012:from the original on 4 September 2012. 9906: 9526: 9514: 9360: 9199: 9192: 9190: 9188: 9186: 9184: 9159: 9157: 9155: 9153: 9151: 9149: 9147: 9145: 9143: 9141: 8978: 8331: 8124: 8099: 8075: 7742: 7483: 7394:from the original on 13 November 2015. 7385: 6921: 6813: 6736: 6712: 6557: 6468:"Inuit or Eskimo: Which names to use?" 6465: 6438: 6436: 6408: 6406: 6343:Fitzpatrick, Ashley (15 August 2012). 6303: 6267: 6202:Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples 6171:Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples 5566: 5182: 5130: 5128: 5126: 4966: 4964: 4877: 4865:from the original on 19 September 2015 4285:, carving, print making, textiles and 4196:northernmost city in the United States 3804:. The majority, about 11,795, live in 3020: 2477:girl's clothing from Western Greenland 2214:that Inuit used to gather their food. 1912:as meaning 'eater of raw meat' in the 1896:Though there is much debate, the word 1147: 1036:withdrew from the European Communities 996:. These areas are known, primarily by 449:Indigenous and Northern Affairs Canada 13441:Indigenous peoples in Northern Canada 13436:Indigenous peoples in Atlantic Canada 13431:Hunter-gatherers of the United States 13169: 12351: 11231: 11218: 10616: 10598:National Inuit Organization in Canada 10553:. Manotick, Ontario: Penumbra Press. 10523: 10413: 10261:"Arctic Indigenous Peoples in Canada" 9827:. Butterworth-Heinemann. p. 21. 9679: 9021: 8542:Freeman, Milton M.R. (October 1971). 8483: 8407: 8352: 8189: 8105: 7091:Uqalurait: An Oral History of Nunavut 7085:Bennett, John; Rowley, Susan (2004). 6892: 6856: 6831: 6399:from the original on 19 January 2009. 6053:Pedersen, Anne-Marie (8 March 2016). 5943:"Basque Whaling in Red Bay, Labrador" 5729: 5291: 5240: 5191: 5161:"Inuit or Eskimo: Which name to use?" 5111:from the original on 25 December 2015 4994: 4992: 4746: 4545: 4543: 4397:Well-known Inuit politicians include 4361:became the first Inuk to play in the 4104:and by Paul Quassa, the president of 3863:According to the 2018 edition of the 3139: 3136: 2580:, used driftwood, while others built 2355:Covered Inuit basket, Alaska, undated 1597: 1152:For earlier pre-contact history, see 984:in the northern third of Quebec, the 475:Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women 10546: 10458: 10193: 10172: 10099:Bibliography of Canadian Aboriginals 9864: 9769:Canadian Medical Association Journal 9310:. Statistics Canada. 2 October 2020. 8917: 8791: 8700: 8291:Southwestern journal of anthropology 8106:Burch, Ernest S. Jr. (Spring 1991). 8002: 7548:Jennifer Allford (23 October 2019). 7386:Spicer, Jonathan (23 January 2008). 7145: 6825:Canadian Legal Information Institute 6807:Canadian Legal Information Institute 6789:Canadian Legal Information Institute 6760: 6486: 6294: 5762: 5661:Davidson, Floyd L. (26 April 2004). 5612:"Vanished Mystery Men of Hudson Bay" 5449: 4998: 4934: 4814: 4780: 4778: 4776: 4774: 4772: 4770: 4674: 4639: 4612: 3948:Inuit Circumpolar Conference members 2174:. The typical Inuit diet is high in 1419:natives were able to continue their 1347:for Alaskan Iñupiat and Inuvialuit, 1226:-speaking peoples to the south, the 1042:. In the United States, the Alaskan 917:regions of North America, including 274:Inuit Nunangat / ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᓄᓇᖓᑦ 76:Regions with significant populations 13149: 12994:Northern indigenous Russian peoples 10581:Inuit Circumpolar Council Greenland 10352:. McGill-Queen's University Press. 10179:. McGill-Queen's University Press. 9981:. McGill-Queen's University Press. 9740: 9711:from the original on 8 August 2007. 9648: 9642: 9408:"Inuit Circumpolar Council Charter" 9382: 9368:"Greenland: Brain drain to Denmark" 9181: 9138: 8882:. Canadian Museum of Civilization. 8387:(Second ed.). Waveland Press. 8146:"CBC's David McLauchlin dies at 56" 7743:Gadacz, René R. (20 October 2015). 7679:Hegener, Helen (30 December 2008). 7600:John Geoghegan (10 February 2021). 6514: 6433: 6403: 5263:(24th ed.). SIL International. 5123: 4961: 4930:from the original on 14 April 2021. 4390:, such as storytelling, mythology, 2424:, the official animal of Nunavut, ( 2017:Inuit-Yupik-Unangan language family 1965: 1735: 13: 13053:Arctic Refuge drilling controversy 11259:Ethnic origins of people in Canada 10528:Historical Dictionary of the Inuit 10092: 10070:Handbook of North American Indians 9121: 9034:. Aurora-inn.mb.ca. Archived from 8979:Eileen, Travers (1 January 2003). 8903:Patterson, Kevin (29 March 2018). 8492:. Findarticles.com. Archived from 8381:Kawagley, Angayuqaq Oscar (2006). 8362:. Alaska Native Science Commission 8268:Folk: Dansk Etnografisk Tidsskrift 8152:from the original on 20 June 2008. 7574:Ross Howerton (6 September 2016). 7326:Zimmerman, M.R. (1 January 1993). 6960:from the original on 6 August 2014 6897:Historical Dictionary of the Inuit 6495: 5763:Park, Robert W. (29 August 2014). 5697:National Museum of Natural History 5689:"Arctic Studies Center Newsletter" 5420: 5370:Concise Historical Atlas of Canada 5158: 5135:Hersher, Rebecca (24 April 2016). 5085:from the original on 17 March 2016 4989: 4786:"Indigenous peoples of the Arctic" 4540: 2944: 2738:Virtually all Inuit cultures have 2030:In Canada, three Inuit languages ( 1415:. During this period, Russian and 1167:Inuit are the descendants of what 14: 13452: 12377: 11116:Bering Straits Native Corporation 11106:Arctic Slope Regional Corporation 10569: 9999:Inuinnaqtun to English Dictionary 8879:Inuit: Glimpses of an Arctic Past 8484:Bower, Bruce (26 November 1994). 7406:"Inuit & Cancer: Fact sheets" 6208:from the original on 13 May 2006. 6082:. In Halpenny, Francess G (ed.). 5192:Purdy, Chris (27 November 2015). 4834:. University of Alaska, Fairbanks 4767: 4341:An important biennial event, the 4265: 2982:refers to what has to be followed 1893:has gained acceptance in Alaska. 1653:The Second World War to the 1960s 1507:. Frobisher encountered Inuit on 1296:, with the exception of Inuit in 1046:are traditionally located in the 951:Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, Russia 201:Indigenous people of the Americas 13148: 13137: 13136: 12723:Arctic Climate Impact Assessment 12580:Queen Elizabeth Islands Subplate 12459:Territorial claims in the Arctic 10712: 10593:Inuit Circumpolar Council Alaska 10488:. University of Nebraska Press. 10244:. University of Manitoba Press. 10223:. University of Oklahoma Press. 9841: 9814: 9755: 9734: 9696: 9673: 9620: 9583: 9544: 9482: 9456: 9438: 9426: 9339: 9314: 9115: 9093: 9050: 8999: 8972: 8947: 8896: 8869: 8812: 8785: 8731: 8694: 8669: 8647: 8594: 8535: 8508: 8477: 8460:Leenaars, Kral & Dyck (1998) 8444: 8439:Leenaars, Kral & Dyck (1998) 8401: 8374: 8360:"What is Traditional Knowledge?" 8325: 8282: 8259: 8214: 8156: 8138: 8118: 8069: 8037: 7996: 7928: 7884: 7839: 7813: 7786: 7761: 7736: 7695: 7672: 7619: 7593: 7567: 7541: 7515: 7430: 7398: 7270: 7221: 7162:10.1001/jama.1926.02680010025006 6466:Kaplan, Lawrence (1 July 2011). 6085:Dictionary of Canadian Biography 5765:"Stories of Arctic colonization" 5292:Rofes, Adrià (18 January 2016). 4627:"The World Factbook (Greenland)" 3907: 2994:refers to what has to be avoided 2560:Group of Inuit building an igloo 2412:. Also, Greenland Inuit created 1873:In 2011, Lawrence Kaplan of the 822: 774: 763: 315: 12429:Arctic cooperation and politics 10200:. University of Toronto Press. 9960:. University of Toronto Press. 9939:. University of Toronto Press. 8677:"Kikkik, When Justice Was Done" 7168: 7114: 7095:McGill-Queen's University Press 7078: 7046: 7014: 6993: 6972: 6942: 6901:. Scarecrow Press. p. 75. 6795: 6777: 6691: 6661: 6385: 6359: 6336: 6261: 6236: 6212: 6187: 6155: 6141: 6114: 6105: 6096: 6071: 6055:"Labrador Inuit (Labradormiut)" 6046: 6012: 5960: 5935: 5926: 5834: 5820: 5756: 5723: 5681: 5654: 5632:"Aboriginal 7 – Life in Canada" 5624: 5603: 5560: 5526: 5499: 5443: 5414: 5285: 5267: 5097: 5071: 5045: 4912: 4820: 4409:, member of parliament for the 4320:Legislative Assembly of Nunavut 4220:Birnirk culture § Genetics 4016:and Norwegian Foreign Minister 3140:Inuit population concentration 3117: 3014:Perspectives on Traditional Law 2712:, and have been referred to as 2601:American Natural History Museum 2286:Transport, navigation, and dogs 1845: 1807:Tunngavik Federation of Nunavut 421:British Columbia Treaty Process 13426:Hunter-gatherers of the Arctic 12537:Populated places in the Arctic 11159:Nunavut Tunngavik Incorporated 10005:. Kitikmeot Heritage Society. 9690:Aboriginal Multi-Media Society 8707:An Encyclopedia of Infanticide 8661:. 21 June 2002. Archived from 8303:10.1086/SOUTJANTH.11.4.3628908 8231:(3): 577–610. September 1998. 7821:"Warm Season Dwellings: Tupiq" 7799:. Thomas Telford. p. 19. 6922:Dorais, Louis-Jacques (2010). 6476:University of Alaska Fairbanks 6304:Parker, John Havelock (1996). 6268:Parkin, Raleigh (March 1966). 5910:Encyclopedia of Marine Mammals 5169:University of Alaska Fairbanks 5079:"The Greenland Treaty of 1985" 5053:"The Greenland Treaty of 1985" 4980:Department of Justice (Canada) 4952:Department of Justice (Canada) 4861:. Universiteit van Amsterdam. 4832:Alaska Native Language Archive 4731:Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary 4718: 4258:Inuit people tend to have the 4216:Dorset culture § Genetics 4212:Saqqaq culture § Genetics 4115: 4106:Nunavut Tunngavik Incorporated 2498:and whaling, were carved from 1991:Distribution of Inuit dialects 1879:University of Alaska Fairbanks 1863:In the United States the term 1728:Although anthropologists like 1674:undertook what was called the 1618:found, in a decision known as 1040:citizens of the European Union 138:Non-native European languages: 1: 13060:Pollution in the Arctic Ocean 12585:Southeast Bathurst Fault Zone 10438:; Galantiere, Lewis (1996) . 10152:Crandall, Richard C. (2000). 9703:CBC Arts (13 February 2006). 9688:. Vol. 16, no. 12. 8563:10.1525/AA.1971.73.5.02A00020 8021:10.1017/CHOL9780521573924.004 7683:. Mushinghistory.blogspot.com 7332:Texas Heart Institute Journal 6472:Alaska Native Language Center 6121:McGregor, Heather E. (2010). 5992:Williams, Glyn (March 2010). 5663:"Re: Barrow Boy gibberish..." 5432:. p. 324. Archived from 5165:Alaska Native Language Center 4564: 4232:A genetic study published in 4097:Nunavut Land Claims Agreement 3962:non-governmental organization 3939: 3928:, many of whom are Inuit and 3882:Greenlandic people in Denmark 3126:Inuit Demographics by Region 2988:refers to what has to be done 2694:parents or his wife's parents 2301: 2217:In the 1920s, anthropologist 1875:Alaska Native Language Center 1283:people. In contrast to other 909:traditionally inhabiting the 12765:Climate change in the Arctic 12517:Impact craters of the Arctic 10112:. Harvard University Press. 9975:Mitchell, Marybelle (1996). 9892:. Rowman & Littlefield. 9859:General and cited references 9741:Fox, Doulas (5 April 2002). 9680:Black, Joan (1 April 1999). 9464:"Inuvialuit Final Agreement" 8955:"Tirigusuusiit and Maligait" 8820:"Barrow Visitors Guide 2006" 8472:Billson & Mancini (2007) 8332:Oswalt, Wendell H. (1999) . 8169:. Rutgers University Press. 8163:Fienup-Riordan, Ann (1990). 7991:Billson & Mancini (2007) 7979:Billson & Mancini (2007) 7967:Billson & Mancini (2007) 6395:. CBC News. 30 August 2008. 5569:North American Archaeologist 5423:"Qaummaarviit Historic Park" 4569: 4551:Inuvialuit Settlement Region 4224:Thule people § Genetics 3852: 3828:Inuvialuit Settlement Region 3815:including 2,285 who live in 3395:Inuvialuit Settlement Region 3255:Inuvialuit Settlement Region 2794:against sacrificing elders. 2044:Inuvialuit Settlement Region 1976: 1453:Early contact with Europeans 1427:disappeared from Canada and 1327:In other areas south of the 1062:. In Russia, few pockets of 994:Inuvialuit Settlement Region 426:Crown and Indigenous peoples 279:Inuvialuit Settlement Region 206:Indigenous people of Siberia 7: 12618:Canadian Arctic Archipelago 12560:Canadian Arctic Rift System 10463:. In Andrew J. Hund (ed.). 9657:(in French). Archived from 9218:United States Census Bureau 9124:"Greenlandic Inuit Beliefs" 8450:Boas, Franz (1964), p. 207) 8190:Qitsualik, Rachel Attituq. 8085:. Touchstone. p. 158. 7914:10.1080/1472586042000204825 7731:Ohokak, Kadlun & Harnum 7295:10.1136/openhrt-2016-000444 7277:DiNicolantonio, JJ (2016). 7246:10.1136/openhrt-2017-000673 7024:; Turner, Nancy J. (1991). 6722:Inuktitut, Eastern Canadian 6310:. Cider Press. p. 32. 6090:University of Toronto Press 6078:Johnson, Robert E. (1985). 5704:. June 2002. Archived from 5636:Library and Archives Canada 5581:10.2190/HLB1-LAU5-RDC5-WUU0 5506:Hoffecker, John F. (2005). 5450:Wood, Shannon Raye (1984). 4696:United States Census Bureau 4632:Central Intelligence Agency 4482:Mitiarjuk Attasie Nappaaluk 4451:Atanarjuat: The Fast Runner 4427:Prime Minister of Greenland 4260:dry variant of human earwax 4205: 4023: 4012:, Swedish Foreign Minister 3768: 2750:and Inuit, as witnessed by 2444:Industry, art, and clothing 1946:– for example, "people" is 1459:Norse colonies in Greenland 1263:In the early 21st century, 1208:Inuit legends speak of the 1201:, which was the last major 965:is a critically endangered 664:Indigenous English Dialects 10: 13457: 13421:Hunter-gatherers of Canada 12613:British Arctic Territories 11599:Trinidadian and Tobagonian 10506:White Lies about the Inuit 10310:. Sage Publications, Inc. 10096: 9655:iletaitunefoisleCinema.com 9553:"Cerumen types in Eskimos" 9347:"NunatuKavut Constitution" 8224:Canadian Historical Review 8114:. Vol. 6, no. 1. 7659:Asuilaak Living Dictionary 7126:Asuilaak Living Dictionary 6625:. Bartleby. Archived from 6028:Canadian Museum of History 5894:"Inuit and Marine Mammals" 5862:Weidensaul, Scott (2012). 5610:Collins, Henry B. (1956). 5477:Diamond, Jared M. (2006). 5397:Historical Atlas of Canada 4228:Sadlermiut § Genetics 4209: 4136:self-government referendum 4119: 4050:is within Canada, and the 4027: 3920:. According to 2019-based 3875: 3856: 3024: 2948: 2869: 2771: 2766:Suicide, murder, and death 2733: 2610: 2518:have also become popular. 2502:and bone. In modern times 2447: 2428:; Inuktitut for dog), the 2384:) for transportation. The 2289: 2256: 2252: 2115: 1980: 1969: 1852:Eskimo § Nomenclature 1849: 1686:(now Inukjuak, Quebec) to 1664:Distant Early Warning Line 1151: 1142: 29: 18: 13369: 13355: 13343: 13314: 13293: 13225: 13207: 13131: 13078: 13035: 12919: 12891: 12798: 12713: 12598: 12550: 12472: 12449:Inuit Circumpolar Council 12414: 12386: 12317: 12221: 12183: 12122: 12064: 12038: 11987: 11978: 11877: 11824: 11762: 11712: 11676: 11667: 11608:Central and South America 11607: 11556: 11535: 11528: 11491: 11470: 11449: 11399: 11373: 11364: 11265: 11225: 11220:Links to related articles 11199: 11173: 11136: 11126:NANA Regional Corporation 11101:Alaska Native corporation 11093: 11085:Inuit Circumpolar Council 11077: 11070: 11024: 10984: 10952: 10945: 10883: 10830: 10757: 10734: 10721: 10710: 10650: 10642: 10576:Inuit Circumpolar Council 10524:Stern, Pamela R. (2004). 10441:Kabloona: Among the Inuit 10367:McGrath, Melanie (2006). 10278:The Canadian Encyclopedia 10265:The Canadian Encyclopedia 10133:The Canadian Encyclopedia 9851:. CBC News. 23 June 2017. 9412:Inuit Circumpolar Council 8408:Burch, Ernest S. (1988). 8148:. CBC News. 26 May 2003. 7750:The Canadian Encyclopedia 6893:Stern, Pamela R. (2004). 6060:The Canadian Encyclopedia 4169: 4065:Regions of Inuit Nunangat 3994:Inuit Circumpolar Council 3954:Inuit Circumpolar Council 3914:2000 United States Census 3813:Newfoundland and Labrador 3695:Chukotka Autonomous Okrug 3199:Newfoundland and Labrador 2865: 2390:dog breed comes from the 2369:by patiently watching an 1919:In Canada and Greenland, 1840:parliamentary secretaries 1783:Inuit Tapirisat of Canada 1750:residential school system 1680:sovereignty in the Arctic 1641:converted to Christianity 1631:on Inuit. People such as 1604:North-West Mounted Police 1447: 885: 871: 862: 770:Indigenous North Americas 261: 251: 243: 227: 218: 186: 181: 163: 158: 125: 120: 112: 104: 96: 88: 80: 75: 70: 65: 50: 13315:Treaties and land claims 12760:Arctic methane emissions 10994:Inuit Nunangat ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᓄᓇᖓᑦ 10414:Paver, Michelle (2008). 10106:Briggs, Jean L. (1970). 10073:. Vol. 5 (Arctic). 9101:"Inuit Spirit Mythology" 6220:"High Arctic Relocation" 5261:: Languages of the World 4533: 4180:Northwest Arctic Borough 4174:Inuit of Alaska are the 2100:Finally, deaf Inuit use 1048:Northwest Arctic Borough 1014:Constitution Act of 1982 865:'the people', singular: 548:Indigenous personalities 13411:Ethnic groups in Canada 13322:Great Peace of Montreal 13301:Seven Nations of Canada 12434:Arctic Ocean Conference 12072:Nordic and Scandinavian 11144:Inuit Tapiriit Kanatami 11121:Cook Inlet Region, Inc. 10503:Steckley, John (2008). 10238:Fossett, Renée (2001). 10075:Smithsonian Institution 10033:10.1126/SCIENCE.1255832 9569:10.1002/ajpa.1330470203 9450:16 October 2011 at the 8549:American Anthropologist 7061:Inuit Tapiriit Kanatami 6989:(subscription required) 6756:(subscription required) 6732:(subscription required) 6708:(subscription required) 6449:Encyclopædia Britannica 5791:10.1126/science.1258607 5702:Smithsonian Institution 4924:Inuit Tapiriit Kanatami 4528:Elsipogtog First Nation 4519:David Pisurayak Kootook 4419:Commissioner of Nunavut 4383:Inuit Qaujimajatuqangit 4328:Commissioner of Nunavut 4274:Two Inuit elders share 4092:Nunavut Final Agreement 4052:Inuit Tapiriit Kanatami 3880:The population size of 2956:Inuit Qaujimajatuqangit 2951:Inuit Qaujimajatuqangit 2860:congenital birth defect 2676:An Inupiat family from 2111: 1703:Canada's prime minister 1616:Supreme Court of Canada 1578:twice over-wintered in 1491:'s 1576 search for the 1391: 1302:Inuit Tapiriit Kanatami 1232:gradually receded. The 1175:, who emerged from the 1066:communities of Russian 998:Inuit Tapiriit Kanatami 13227:Ethnolinguistic groups 13211:Northeastern Woodlands 13093:Arctic shipping routes 10194:Eber, Dorothy (2008). 10173:Eber, Dorothy (1997). 10065:Sturtevant, William C. 9865:Alia, Valerie (2009). 9396:and SuburbanStats.org. 9250:and SuburbanStats.org. 9088:aurora borealis Inuit. 8929:Nunavut Arctic College 8515:Balikci, Asen (1970). 8270:. 16/17 (1): 117–124. 7087:"Chapter 5. Gathering" 6080:"William Edward Parry" 4976:Constitution Act, 1982 4947:Constitution Act, 1982 4699:. 2000. Archived from 4441: 4377: 4363:National Hockey League 4349:, Quebec, in 1976, in 4279: 4134:in 1979 and in 2008 a 4066: 4058:in southern Labrador. 3949: 3932:, and almost 7,000 in 3795:jurisdiction of Canada 3044: 3018: 2910:degenerative disorders 2832: 2681: 2630: 2561: 2478: 2467: 2414:Ammassalik wooden maps 2356: 2336:(Inuktitut syllabics: 2323: 2312: 2025:Central Siberian Yupik 1992: 1929:Eastern Canadian Inuit 1900:likely derives from a 1744:, government-operated 1676:High Arctic relocation 1544: 1485: 1444: 1400: 1285: 1279: 1269: 1252: 1234: 1228: 1210: 1193: 1164: 959:Eskimo–Aleut languages 25:Inuit (disambiguation) 23:. For other uses, see 13344:Regional councils and 13048:Petroleum exploration 12728:Arctic dipole anomaly 12705:North American Arctic 12658:Northwest Territories 12444:Ilulissat Declaration 10547:Walk, Ansgar (1999). 10306:Hund, Andrew (2012). 10097:Further information: 9907:Hessel, Ingo (2006). 9009:. Mccord-museum.qc.ca 8959:Listening to our past 8701:Hund, Andrew (2010). 8681:MysteriesofCanada.com 8335:Eskimos and Explorers 7453:10.1093/AJCN/25.8.737 7191:10.1093/AJCN/25.8.737 6502:alt.usage.english.org 4480:is a popular singer. 4439: 4388:traditional knowledge 4375: 4273: 4064: 3947: 3824:Northwest Territories 3244:Northwest Territories 3038: 3004: 2968:Canadian legal system 2818: 2772:Further information: 2744:Bloody Falls massacre 2675: 2624: 2559: 2473: 2461: 2354: 2318: 2299: 2223:low-carbohydrate diet 2219:Vilhjalmur Stefansson 2048:Northwest Territories 2013:Greenlandic languages 1990: 1836:Nancy Karetak-Lindell 1822:On October 30, 2008, 1629:Canadian criminal law 1538: 1475: 1442: 1384:centuries prior. The 1369:), who inhabited the 1339:for Russian Iñupiat, 1308:and one independent, 1162: 1060:Little Diomede Island 935:Northwest Territories 182:Related ethnic groups 13306:Iroquois Confederacy 13118:Transpolar Sea Route 10685:Proto-Inuit language 10603:Inuit Treaty Project 10586:25 June 2022 at the 10459:Sowa, Frank (2014). 10402:The Nature of Things 10155:Inuit Art: A History 10128:"Collections: Inuit" 9638:on 27 December 2014. 8655:"Remembering Kikkik" 8237:10.3138/CHR.79.3.577 7681:"The Inuit Sled Dog" 7634:Unikkaat Studios Inc 7022:Kuhnlein, Harriet V. 6598:Native-languages.org 5828:"Welcome to Rigolet" 5730:Hayes, M.G. (2001). 5222:Études/Inuit/Studies 4926:. 5 September 2008. 4598:Government of Canada 4295:Winnipeg Art Gallery 4291:2010 Winter Olympics 4287:Inuit throat singing 4152:Greenlandic language 4126:History of Greenland 3779:2006 Canadian census 3775:2016 Canadian census 3410:Prince Edward Island 2774:Suicide in Greenland 2667:forced on the couple 2587:Inuit also used the 2212:hunting technologies 1672:Government of Canada 1576:William Edward Parry 1563:(Cree-majority) and 1553:Hudson's Bay Company 1435:Post-contact history 674:Aboriginal syllabics 649:Indigenous languages 13294:Historical polities 13019:Arctic Winter Games 12785:Polar amplification 12753:ecology and history 12512:Greenland ice sheet 11149:Makivik Corporation 11111:Calista Corporation 10999:Inuvialuit Nunangit 10608:Inuit Atlas Project 10532:. Scarecrow Press. 10509:. Broadview Press. 10436:Poncins, Gontran De 10373:. Knopf Doubleday. 10280:. Historica Canada. 10267:. Historica Canada. 9929:Leenaars, Antoon A. 9824:Myopia and Nearwork 9496:on 13 December 2007 9470:on 10 February 2012 8935:on 21 February 2011 8857:on 24 December 2015 8798:. Sasquatch Books. 8792:Hess, Bill (2003). 8518:The Netsilik Eskimo 8009:Wilcomb E. Washburn 7862:10.14430/ARCTIC1393 7606:Inuit Art Quarterly 7503:. 29 September 2021 7002:"The Inuit Paradox" 6979:Inuit Sign Language 6809:. 10 November 2020. 6679:on 10 February 2021 6482:on 12 January 2019. 6452:. 28 November 2020. 6355:on 31 October 2013. 6287:10.14430/arctic3410 6232:on 4 February 2007. 5783:2014Sci...345.1004P 5777:(6200): 1004–1005. 5711:on 25 December 2015 5617:National Geographic 5325:. pp. 556–561. 5279:Alaskan-Natives.com 4859:ACLC Working Papers 4600:. 21 September 2022 4590:www12.statcan.gc.ca 4367:Nashville Predators 4343:Arctic Winter Games 4184:North Slope Borough 4110:Canadian Parliament 3127: 3021:Traditional beliefs 2665:, and occasionally 2589:Cape York Meteorite 2422:Canadian Eskimo Dog 2102:Inuit Sign Language 2063:(Northern Quebec), 1997:Inupiaq (Inupiatun) 1787:Makivik Corporation 1720:, causing a marked 1588:George Francis Lyon 1380:who had settled in 1258:infectious diseases 1148:Pre-contact history 963:Inuit Sign Language 702:Traditional beliefs 543:Indigenous cultures 386:Residential schools 376:Settler colonialism 135:Inuit Sign Language 47: 13197:Indigenous peoples 13108:Northern Sea Route 12738:Arctic oscillation 12482:Arctic Archipelago 12406:History of whaling 12396:Arctic exploration 11302:Canadian ethnicity 10444:. Graywolf Press. 10409:on 25 August 2013. 9871:. Berghahn Books. 9661:on 15 October 2017 9394:U.S. Census Bureau 9287:. 25 October 2017. 9248:U.S. Census Bureau 9126:. Aurora-inn.mb.ca 9122:Brears, Robert C. 8910:The Globe and Mail 8715:Edwin Mellen Press 8711:Lewiston, New York 7827:on 21 October 2013 7773:Collins Dictionary 7418:on 23 October 2013 7097:. pp. 78–85. 6874:on 19 October 2021 6827:. 27 October 2020. 6571:on 4 November 2019 6102:D'Anglure 2002:205 6020:"Inuit in England" 5669:on 23 January 2016 5315:VanStone, James W. 5204:The Canadian Press 5159:Kaplan, Lawrence. 5002:American Antiquity 4796:on 30 October 2020 4659:Statistics Denmark 4442: 4399:Premier of Nunavut 4378: 4280: 4140:Kingdom of Denmark 4067: 3950: 3922:U.S. Census Bureau 3886:Statistics Denmark 3841:where about 6,000 3705:Yes (Big Diomede) 3125: 3045: 2926:The Globe and Mail 2803:Suicide in Canada, 2799:Antoon A. Leenaars 2726:) to place a tiny 2682: 2669:by the community. 2631: 2562: 2479: 2468: 2357: 2324: 2313: 1993: 1828:Minister of Health 1716:and decreased the 1670:In the 1950s, the 1598:Early 20th century 1545: 1486: 1484:and Nutaaq (right) 1445: 1244:Southampton Island 1165: 1072:Big Diomede Island 1052:Alaska North Slope 947:Chukotsky District 907:Indigenous peoples 307:Indigenous peoples 266:Chukotsky District 219:Inu- ᐃᓄ- / nuna ᓄᓇ 45: 13393: 13392: 13387: 13386: 13383: 13382: 13163: 13162: 13123:Search and rescue 13103:Northwest Passage 13098:Northeast Passage 13043:Natural resources 12934:Subarctic peoples 12906:Arctic vegetation 12770:Climate of Alaska 12590:Ungava Fault Zone 12575:Innuitian orogeny 12492:Arctic Cordillera 12345: 12344: 12313: 12312: 11974: 11973: 11663: 11662: 11524: 11523: 11212: 11211: 11169: 11168: 11066: 11065: 10941: 10940: 10560:978-0-921254-95-9 10539:978-0-8108-5058-3 10516:978-1-55111-875-8 10495:978-0-8032-4303-3 10474:978-1-61069-393-6 10451:978-1-55597-249-3 10427:978-1-84255-705-1 10380:978-0-307-53786-7 10359:978-0-7735-3008-9 10338:978-0-7748-1241-2 10298:978-87-635-2589-3 10251:978-0-88755-328-8 10230:978-0-8061-2126-0 10207:978-1-4426-8798-1 10186:978-0-7735-1675-5 10165:978-0-7864-0711-8 10119:978-0-674-60828-3 10084:978-0-16-004580-6 9988:978-0-7735-6580-7 9967:978-0-8020-7791-2 9957:Suicide in Canada 9946:978-0-8020-7791-2 9935:Suicide in Canada 9920:978-1-55365-189-5 9899:978-0-7425-3597-8 9878:978-1-84545-165-3 9834:978-0-7506-3784-8 9285:Statistics Canada 9175:Statistics Canada 9076:978-1-55239-167-9 8889:978-0-660-14038-4 8851:"Dear Young Girl" 8805:978-1-57061-382-1 8724:978-0-7734-1402-0 8528:978-0-385-05766-0 8421:978-0-8061-2126-0 8394:978-1-4786-0921-6 8202:on 23 August 2009 8176:978-0-8135-1589-2 8092:978-0-684-80164-3 8030:978-1-1390-5555-0 7806:978-0-7277-3235-4 7709:on 31 August 2014 7529:. 8 February 2012 7104:978-0-7735-2340-1 7039:978-2-88124-465-0 6987:(18th ed., 2015) 6935:978-0-7735-8162-3 6908:978-0-8108-6556-3 6754:(18th ed., 2015) 6730:(18th ed., 2015) 6706:(18th ed., 2015) 6550:978-0-19-534983-2 6523:Sturtevant (1984) 6317:978-1-896851-02-0 6134:978-0-7748-5949-3 6043:, pp. 49–62. 6005:978-0-520-26995-8 5919:978-0-08-091993-5 5898:William F. Perrin 5875:978-0-547-53956-0 5519:978-0-8135-3469-5 5492:978-0-14-303655-5 5407:978-0-8020-2495-4 5380:978-0-8020-4203-3 5353:978-0-521-57392-4 5329:Sturtevant (1984) 5298:Mapping Ignorance 4906:Statistics Canada 4734:. Merriam-Webster 4654:"Statistikbanken" 4594:Statistics Canada 4474:Pitseolak Ashoona 4423:Múte Bourup Egede 4411:riding of Nunavut 3988:problems such as 3912:According to the 3859:Greenlandic Inuit 3766: 3765: 3137:Inuit population 2972:E. Adamson Hoebel 2933:... Was 270 times 2856:Utqiaġvik, Alaska 2828:Suicide in Canada 2826:Leenaars et al., 2635:division of labor 2178:and very high in 1952:North Greenlandic 1937:prestige dialects 1826:was appointed as 1706:Louis St. Laurent 1569:Northwest Passage 1509:Resolution Island 1493:Northwest Passage 1388:recorded meeting 1341:Arctic Athabascan 1265:mitochondrial DNA 1028:Greenlandic Inuit 969:used in Nunavut. 941:(traditionally), 815: 814: 781:Canada portal 727:Index of articles 480:Numbered Treaties 301: 300: 238: 223: 222:"person" / "land" 214: 213: 13448: 13370:Tribal Council 2 13356:Tribal Council 1 13353: 13352: 13209:Cultural areas: 13190: 13183: 13176: 13167: 13166: 13152: 13151: 13140: 13139: 13027: 13026:(New Year's Day) 12522:Innuitian Region 12372: 12365: 12358: 12349: 12348: 12123:Southeast Europe 11985: 11984: 11674: 11673: 11533: 11532: 11371: 11370: 11307:French Canadians 11252: 11245: 11238: 11229: 11228: 11216: 11215: 11075: 11074: 10971:Nunavut (Alaska) 10950: 10949: 10732: 10731: 10716: 10637: 10630: 10623: 10614: 10613: 10564: 10543: 10531: 10520: 10499: 10478: 10455: 10431: 10410: 10391:Internet Archive 10384: 10363: 10342: 10321: 10302: 10281: 10268: 10255: 10234: 10222: 10211: 10190: 10169: 10148: 10146: 10144: 10138:Historica Canada 10123: 10088: 10060: 10013: 10011: 10004: 9992: 9971: 9950: 9938: 9924: 9913:. Heard Museum. 9903: 9882: 9853: 9852: 9845: 9839: 9838: 9818: 9812: 9811: 9793: 9759: 9753: 9752: 9738: 9732: 9731: 9719: 9713: 9712: 9700: 9694: 9693: 9677: 9671: 9670: 9668: 9666: 9649:Ardjoum, Samir. 9646: 9640: 9639: 9634:. Archived from 9632:LeonaAglukkaq.ca 9624: 9618: 9617: 9615: 9613:10.4000/jsa.2772 9587: 9581: 9580: 9548: 9542: 9536: 9530: 9524: 9518: 9512: 9506: 9505: 9503: 9501: 9486: 9480: 9479: 9477: 9475: 9460: 9454: 9445:Nuuk Declaration 9442: 9436: 9430: 9424: 9423: 9421: 9419: 9414:. 3 January 2019 9404: 9398: 9397: 9386: 9380: 9379: 9377: 9375: 9364: 9358: 9357: 9355: 9353: 9343: 9337: 9336: 9334: 9332: 9318: 9312: 9311: 9304: 9289: 9288: 9273: 9252: 9251: 9240: 9231: 9230: 9228: 9226: 9214: 9206: 9197: 9194: 9179: 9178: 9167: 9136: 9135: 9133: 9131: 9119: 9113: 9112: 9110: 9108: 9097: 9091: 9090: 9085: 9083: 9064: 9054: 9048: 9047: 9045: 9043: 9028: 9019: 9018: 9016: 9014: 9003: 8997: 8996: 8994: 8992: 8976: 8970: 8969: 8967: 8965: 8951: 8945: 8944: 8942: 8940: 8931:. Archived from 8921: 8915: 8914: 8900: 8894: 8893: 8873: 8867: 8866: 8864: 8862: 8853:. Archived from 8847: 8838: 8837: 8835: 8829:. Archived from 8824: 8816: 8810: 8809: 8789: 8783: 8782: 8735: 8729: 8728: 8698: 8692: 8691: 8689: 8687: 8673: 8667: 8666: 8651: 8645: 8644: 8598: 8592: 8591: 8565: 8556:(5): 1011–1018. 8539: 8533: 8532: 8512: 8506: 8505: 8503: 8501: 8481: 8475: 8469: 8463: 8457: 8451: 8448: 8442: 8436: 8430: 8429: 8405: 8399: 8398: 8378: 8372: 8371: 8369: 8367: 8356: 8350: 8349: 8329: 8323: 8322: 8286: 8280: 8279: 8263: 8257: 8256: 8221:"Book Reviews". 8218: 8212: 8211: 8209: 8207: 8198:. Archived from 8187: 8181: 8180: 8160: 8154: 8153: 8142: 8136: 8135: 8122: 8116: 8115: 8103: 8097: 8096: 8073: 8067: 8066: 8064: 8062: 8056: 8050:. Archived from 8049: 8041: 8035: 8034: 8005:Bruce G. Trigger 8000: 7994: 7988: 7982: 7976: 7970: 7964: 7958: 7957: 7955: 7953: 7947: 7940: 7932: 7926: 7925: 7897: 7888: 7882: 7881: 7843: 7837: 7836: 7834: 7832: 7823:. Archived from 7817: 7811: 7810: 7790: 7784: 7783: 7781: 7779: 7765: 7759: 7758: 7755:Historica Canada 7740: 7734: 7728: 7719: 7718: 7716: 7714: 7699: 7693: 7692: 7690: 7688: 7676: 7670: 7669: 7667: 7665: 7651: 7645: 7644: 7642: 7640: 7631: 7623: 7617: 7616: 7614: 7612: 7597: 7591: 7590: 7588: 7586: 7571: 7565: 7564: 7562: 7560: 7545: 7539: 7538: 7536: 7534: 7519: 7513: 7512: 7510: 7508: 7501:CBC/Radio-Canada 7498: 7490: 7481: 7480: 7434: 7428: 7427: 7425: 7423: 7417: 7410: 7402: 7396: 7395: 7383: 7374: 7373: 7355: 7323: 7317: 7316: 7306: 7274: 7268: 7267: 7257: 7225: 7219: 7218: 7172: 7166: 7165: 7143: 7137: 7136: 7134: 7132: 7118: 7112: 7111: 7082: 7076: 7075: 7070: 7068: 7058: 7050: 7044: 7043: 7018: 7012: 7011: 6997: 6991: 6990: 6976: 6970: 6969: 6967: 6965: 6956:. 5 April 2013. 6946: 6940: 6939: 6919: 6913: 6912: 6900: 6890: 6884: 6883: 6881: 6879: 6870:. Archived from 6860: 6854: 6853: 6851: 6849: 6843: 6835: 6829: 6828: 6817: 6811: 6810: 6799: 6793: 6792: 6781: 6775: 6774: 6772: 6764: 6758: 6757: 6743: 6734: 6733: 6719: 6710: 6709: 6695: 6689: 6688: 6686: 6684: 6675:. Archived from 6665: 6659: 6658: 6653: 6645: 6639: 6638: 6636: 6634: 6629:on 12 April 2001 6615: 6609: 6608: 6606: 6604: 6590: 6581: 6580: 6578: 6576: 6567:. Archived from 6561: 6555: 6554: 6531: 6525: 6520: 6512: 6506: 6505: 6493: 6484: 6483: 6478:. Archived from 6463: 6454: 6453: 6440: 6431: 6430: 6428: 6426: 6410: 6401: 6400: 6389: 6383: 6382: 6380: 6378: 6363: 6357: 6356: 6351:. Archived from 6340: 6334: 6328: 6322: 6321: 6301: 6292: 6291: 6289: 6265: 6259: 6258: 6256: 6254: 6240: 6234: 6233: 6231: 6225:. Archived from 6224: 6216: 6210: 6209: 6200:. Report on the 6199: 6191: 6185: 6184: 6168: 6159: 6153: 6152: 6145: 6139: 6138: 6118: 6112: 6109: 6103: 6100: 6094: 6093: 6075: 6069: 6068: 6065:Historica Canada 6050: 6044: 6038: 6032: 6031: 6016: 6010: 6009: 5989: 5983: 5982: 5980: 5978: 5964: 5958: 5957: 5955: 5953: 5939: 5933: 5930: 5924: 5923: 5906:J.G.M. Thewissen 5889: 5880: 5879: 5859: 5853: 5852: 5850: 5848: 5838: 5832: 5831: 5824: 5818: 5817: 5815: 5813: 5760: 5754: 5753: 5751: 5749: 5743: 5737:. Archived from 5736: 5727: 5721: 5720: 5718: 5716: 5710: 5693: 5685: 5679: 5678: 5676: 5674: 5658: 5652: 5651: 5649: 5647: 5642:on 4 August 2012 5638:. Archived from 5628: 5622: 5621: 5607: 5601: 5600: 5564: 5558: 5557: 5555: 5553: 5530: 5524: 5523: 5503: 5497: 5496: 5484: 5474: 5468: 5467: 5465: 5458: 5447: 5441: 5440: 5438: 5430:Nunavut Handbook 5427: 5418: 5412: 5411: 5391: 5385: 5384: 5364: 5358: 5357: 5337: 5331: 5326: 5311: 5302: 5301: 5289: 5283: 5282: 5271: 5265: 5264: 5249: 5238: 5237: 5217: 5208: 5207: 5189: 5180: 5179: 5177: 5175: 5156: 5145: 5144: 5132: 5121: 5120: 5118: 5116: 5101: 5095: 5094: 5092: 5090: 5075: 5069: 5068: 5066: 5064: 5059:on 16 April 2014 5055:. Archived from 5049: 5043: 5042: 4996: 4987: 4986: 4982:. 30 June 2021. 4968: 4959: 4958: 4954:. 30 June 2021. 4938: 4932: 4931: 4916: 4910: 4909: 4894: 4875: 4874: 4872: 4870: 4850: 4844: 4843: 4841: 4839: 4824: 4818: 4812: 4806: 4805: 4803: 4801: 4792:. Archived from 4782: 4765: 4764: 4753: 4744: 4743: 4741: 4739: 4722: 4716: 4715: 4713: 4711: 4706:on 1 August 2020 4705: 4687: 4672: 4671: 4669: 4667: 4650: 4637: 4636: 4623: 4610: 4609: 4607: 4605: 4582: 4558: 4547: 4461:Le Voyage D'Inuk 4178:who live in the 4018:Jonas Gahr Støre 3934:Washington state 3626:96.28% (91.47%) 3607:98.56% (93.63%) 3588:98.10% (93.20%) 3569:92.14% (87.53%) 3550:95.20% (90.44%) 3289:British Columbia 3143:Inuit territory 3128: 3124: 3016: 2940: 2936: 2932: 2918:Indian hospitals 2830: 2805:he states that " 2710:hunter–gatherers 2698:larger formation 2690:husband and wife 2438:Alaskan Malamute 2359:Inuit also made 2319:Urbanization in 2309:Edward S. Curtis 2306: 2303: 2292:Inuit navigation 2241:and whale skin ( 2106:language isolate 2095:Québécois French 2078:(Northern), and 2052:Kitikmeot Region 1966:Cultural history 1960:East Greenlandic 1933:West Greenlandic 1931:(Inuktitut) and 1736:Cultural renewal 1722:natural increase 1489:Martin Frobisher 1403: 1396: 1294:Arctic tree line 1288: 1282: 1275:Aleutian Islands 1272: 1255: 1237: 1231: 1213: 1196: 1099:is now a common 967:language isolate 957:are part of the 888: 887: 874: 873: 864: 853: 848: 847: 844: 843: 840: 837: 834: 831: 828: 807: 800: 793: 779: 778: 777: 768: 767: 766: 485:Royal Commission 391:Indian hospitals 364:Pre-colonization 319: 303: 302: 233: 221: 216: 215: 66:Total population 55: 48: 44: 13456: 13455: 13451: 13450: 13449: 13447: 13446: 13445: 13396: 13395: 13394: 13389: 13388: 13379: 13365: 13345: 13339: 13334:Paix des Braves 13310: 13289: 13221: 13203: 13194: 13164: 13159: 13127: 13113:Polar air route 13074: 13065:Protected areas 13031: 13025: 12915: 12887: 12794: 12709: 12653:Northern Canada 12594: 12570:Greenland Plate 12565:Eurekan orogeny 12546: 12468: 12410: 12401:Arctic research 12382: 12376: 12346: 12341: 12309: 12217: 12184:Southern Europe 12179: 12118: 12065:Northern Europe 12060: 12034: 11970: 11873: 11820: 11758: 11708: 11659: 11603: 11552: 11520: 11487: 11471:Southern Africa 11466: 11445: 11395: 11360: 11351:Irish Canadians 11261: 11256: 11221: 11213: 11208: 11195: 11165: 11132: 11089: 11062: 11020: 10980: 10937: 10879: 10826: 10753: 10725: 10717: 10708: 10646: 10641: 10588:Wayback Machine 10572: 10567: 10561: 10540: 10517: 10496: 10475: 10452: 10428: 10395: 10381: 10360: 10339: 10318: 10299: 10252: 10231: 10208: 10187: 10166: 10142: 10140: 10126: 10120: 10101: 10095: 10093:Further reading 10085: 10009: 10002: 9989: 9968: 9947: 9921: 9900: 9879: 9861: 9856: 9847: 9846: 9842: 9835: 9819: 9815: 9760: 9756: 9739: 9735: 9720: 9716: 9701: 9697: 9678: 9674: 9664: 9662: 9647: 9643: 9626: 9625: 9621: 9606:(88): 203–225. 9588: 9584: 9549: 9545: 9537: 9533: 9525: 9521: 9513: 9509: 9499: 9497: 9488: 9487: 9483: 9473: 9471: 9462: 9461: 9457: 9452:Wayback Machine 9443: 9439: 9431: 9427: 9417: 9415: 9406: 9405: 9401: 9388: 9387: 9383: 9373: 9371: 9370:. 30 March 2015 9366: 9365: 9361: 9351: 9349: 9345: 9344: 9340: 9330: 9328: 9320: 9319: 9315: 9306: 9305: 9292: 9275: 9274: 9255: 9242: 9241: 9234: 9224: 9222: 9212: 9208: 9207: 9200: 9195: 9182: 9177:. 21 June 2023. 9169: 9168: 9139: 9129: 9127: 9120: 9116: 9106: 9104: 9099: 9098: 9094: 9081: 9079: 9077: 9055: 9051: 9041: 9039: 9030: 9029: 9022: 9012: 9010: 9005: 9004: 9000: 8990: 8988: 8977: 8973: 8963: 8961: 8953: 8952: 8948: 8938: 8936: 8923: 8922: 8918: 8901: 8897: 8890: 8874: 8870: 8860: 8858: 8849: 8848: 8841: 8836:on 29 May 2008. 8833: 8822: 8818: 8817: 8813: 8806: 8790: 8786: 8755:10.2307/2800072 8739:Schrire, Carmel 8736: 8732: 8725: 8699: 8695: 8685: 8683: 8675: 8674: 8670: 8665:on 7 June 2008. 8653: 8652: 8648: 8617:10.2307/3773051 8599: 8595: 8540: 8536: 8529: 8513: 8509: 8499: 8497: 8496:on 20 July 2012 8482: 8478: 8470: 8466: 8458: 8454: 8449: 8445: 8437: 8433: 8422: 8406: 8402: 8395: 8379: 8375: 8365: 8363: 8358: 8357: 8353: 8346: 8330: 8326: 8287: 8283: 8264: 8260: 8220: 8219: 8215: 8205: 8203: 8188: 8184: 8177: 8161: 8157: 8144: 8143: 8139: 8123: 8119: 8104: 8100: 8093: 8077:Olmert, Michael 8074: 8070: 8060: 8058: 8054: 8047: 8043: 8042: 8038: 8031: 8001: 7997: 7989: 7985: 7977: 7973: 7965: 7961: 7951: 7949: 7945: 7938: 7934: 7933: 7929: 7895: 7889: 7885: 7844: 7840: 7830: 7828: 7819: 7818: 7814: 7807: 7791: 7787: 7777: 7775: 7767: 7766: 7762: 7741: 7737: 7729: 7722: 7712: 7710: 7701: 7700: 7696: 7686: 7684: 7677: 7673: 7663: 7661: 7653: 7652: 7648: 7638: 7636: 7629: 7625: 7624: 7620: 7610: 7608: 7598: 7594: 7584: 7582: 7572: 7568: 7558: 7556: 7546: 7542: 7532: 7530: 7521: 7520: 7516: 7506: 7504: 7496: 7492: 7491: 7484: 7435: 7431: 7421: 7419: 7415: 7408: 7404: 7403: 7399: 7384: 7377: 7324: 7320: 7275: 7271: 7226: 7222: 7173: 7169: 7144: 7140: 7130: 7128: 7120: 7119: 7115: 7105: 7083: 7079: 7066: 7064: 7056: 7054:Arctic Wildlife 7052: 7051: 7047: 7040: 7019: 7015: 6998: 6994: 6988: 6977: 6973: 6963: 6961: 6948: 6947: 6943: 6936: 6920: 6916: 6909: 6891: 6887: 6877: 6875: 6862: 6861: 6857: 6847: 6845: 6841: 6837: 6836: 6832: 6819: 6818: 6814: 6801: 6800: 6796: 6783: 6782: 6778: 6770: 6766: 6765: 6761: 6755: 6744: 6737: 6731: 6720: 6713: 6707: 6696: 6692: 6682: 6680: 6667: 6666: 6662: 6651: 6647: 6646: 6642: 6632: 6630: 6617: 6616: 6612: 6602: 6600: 6592: 6591: 6584: 6574: 6572: 6563: 6562: 6558: 6551: 6532: 6528: 6519:. pp. 5–7. 6515:Goddard, Ives. 6513: 6509: 6494: 6487: 6464: 6457: 6442: 6441: 6434: 6424: 6422: 6419:Merriam-Webster 6412: 6411: 6404: 6391: 6390: 6386: 6376: 6374: 6365: 6364: 6360: 6341: 6337: 6331:Mitchell (1996) 6329: 6325: 6318: 6302: 6295: 6266: 6262: 6252: 6250: 6242: 6241: 6237: 6229: 6222: 6218: 6217: 6213: 6197: 6193: 6192: 6188: 6181: 6166: 6160: 6156: 6147: 6146: 6142: 6135: 6119: 6115: 6111:Driscoll 1980:6 6110: 6106: 6101: 6097: 6076: 6072: 6051: 6047: 6041:Mitchell (1996) 6039: 6035: 6018: 6017: 6013: 6006: 5990: 5986: 5976: 5974: 5966: 5965: 5961: 5951: 5949: 5941: 5940: 5936: 5932:McGhee 1992:194 5931: 5927: 5920: 5890: 5883: 5876: 5860: 5856: 5846: 5844: 5840: 5839: 5835: 5826: 5825: 5821: 5811: 5809: 5761: 5757: 5747: 5745: 5741: 5734: 5728: 5724: 5714: 5712: 5708: 5691: 5687: 5686: 5682: 5672: 5670: 5659: 5655: 5645: 5643: 5630: 5629: 5625: 5608: 5604: 5565: 5561: 5551: 5549: 5547: 5531: 5527: 5520: 5504: 5500: 5493: 5475: 5471: 5466:on 14 May 2011. 5463: 5456: 5448: 5444: 5439:on 29 May 2006. 5436: 5425: 5421:Rigley, Bruce. 5419: 5415: 5408: 5392: 5388: 5381: 5365: 5361: 5354: 5338: 5334: 5312: 5305: 5290: 5286: 5273: 5272: 5268: 5250: 5241: 5218: 5211: 5190: 5183: 5173: 5171: 5157: 5148: 5133: 5124: 5114: 5112: 5103: 5102: 5098: 5088: 5086: 5077: 5076: 5072: 5062: 5060: 5051: 5050: 5046: 4997: 4990: 4970: 4969: 4962: 4940: 4939: 4935: 4918: 4917: 4913: 4896: 4895: 4878: 4868: 4866: 4851: 4847: 4837: 4835: 4826: 4825: 4821: 4813: 4809: 4799: 4797: 4784: 4783: 4768: 4755: 4754: 4747: 4737: 4735: 4724: 4723: 4719: 4709: 4707: 4703: 4689: 4688: 4675: 4665: 4663: 4652: 4651: 4640: 4625: 4624: 4613: 4603: 4601: 4584: 4583: 4576: 4572: 4567: 4562: 4561: 4548: 4541: 4536: 4524:Amanda Polchies 4513:Western culture 4502:identity crisis 4456:Zacharias Kunuk 4268: 4244:Birnirk culture 4230: 4208: 4172: 4146:proper and the 4128: 4118: 4079:Victoria Island 4077:, and parts of 4044: 4026: 4006:Hillary Clinton 3980:, and Russia's 3970:Kalaallit Inuit 3942: 3910: 3878: 3861: 3855: 3843:NunatuKavummiut 3771: 3120: 3093:psychotherapist 3055:aurora borealis 3041:aurora borealis 3033: 3031:Inuit astronomy 3023: 3017: 3011: 2953: 2947: 2945:Traditional law 2938: 2934: 2930: 2898:kidney diseases 2874: 2872:Indian hospital 2868: 2831: 2825: 2780: 2768: 2740:oral traditions 2736: 2625:Inupiat woman, 2619: 2609: 2599:sold it to the 2597:Robert E. Peary 2456: 2448:Main articles: 2446: 2304: 2294: 2288: 2261: 2255: 2120: 2114: 1985: 1983:Inuit languages 1979: 1974: 1968: 1854: 1848: 1820: 1738: 1730:Diamond Jenness 1655: 1600: 1529:Moravian Church 1455: 1450: 1437: 1371:Mackenzie River 1169:anthropologists 1157: 1150: 1145: 1107:(varying forms 974:Northern Canada 955:Inuit languages 851: 825: 821: 811: 775: 773: 772: 764: 762: 757: 756: 722: 714: 713: 697: 689: 688: 654:Inuit languages 644: 636: 635: 576:Indian reserves 571: 563: 562: 533: 525: 524: 495:Specific claims 490:Self-government 451: 411: 403: 402: 354: 308: 294: 276: 272: 268: 256:Inuit languages 232: 220: 210: 177: 139: 137: 127:Inuit languages 61: 43: 38: 28: 17: 12: 11: 5: 13454: 13444: 13443: 13438: 13433: 13428: 13423: 13418: 13413: 13408: 13391: 13390: 13385: 13384: 13381: 13380: 13378: 13377: 13373: 13371: 13367: 13366: 13364: 13363: 13359: 13357: 13350: 13341: 13340: 13338: 13337: 13331: 13325: 13318: 13316: 13312: 13311: 13309: 13308: 13303: 13297: 13295: 13291: 13290: 13288: 13287: 13282: 13277: 13272: 13267: 13262: 13257: 13252: 13247: 13242: 13237: 13231: 13229: 13223: 13222: 13208: 13205: 13204: 13193: 13192: 13185: 13178: 13170: 13161: 13160: 13158: 13157: 13145: 13132: 13129: 13128: 13126: 13125: 13120: 13115: 13110: 13105: 13100: 13095: 13090: 13084: 13082: 13076: 13075: 13073: 13072: 13070:Transportation 13067: 13062: 13057: 13056: 13055: 13045: 13039: 13037: 13033: 13032: 13030: 13029: 13021: 13016: 13011: 13006: 13001: 12996: 12991: 12986: 12981: 12976: 12971: 12966: 12961: 12956: 12951: 12946: 12941: 12936: 12931: 12929:Arctic peoples 12925: 12923: 12917: 12916: 12914: 12913: 12908: 12903: 12901:Arctic ecology 12897: 12895: 12889: 12888: 12886: 12885: 12880: 12875: 12874: 12873: 12868: 12863: 12858: 12853: 12845: 12840: 12835: 12830: 12825: 12820: 12815: 12810: 12804: 12802: 12796: 12795: 12793: 12792: 12787: 12782: 12777: 12772: 12767: 12762: 12757: 12756: 12755: 12750: 12743:Arctic sea ice 12740: 12735: 12730: 12725: 12719: 12717: 12711: 12710: 12708: 12707: 12702: 12697: 12692: 12687: 12686: 12685: 12678:Russian Arctic 12675: 12670: 12665: 12660: 12655: 12650: 12645: 12640: 12635: 12630: 12625: 12620: 12615: 12610: 12604: 12602: 12596: 12595: 12593: 12592: 12587: 12582: 12577: 12572: 12567: 12562: 12556: 12554: 12548: 12547: 12545: 12544: 12539: 12534: 12529: 12524: 12519: 12514: 12509: 12507:Arctic Cyclone 12504: 12499: 12497:Arctic ecology 12494: 12489: 12484: 12478: 12476: 12470: 12469: 12467: 12466: 12461: 12456: 12451: 12446: 12441: 12436: 12431: 12426: 12424:Arctic Council 12420: 12418: 12412: 12411: 12409: 12408: 12403: 12398: 12392: 12390: 12384: 12383: 12375: 12374: 12367: 12360: 12352: 12343: 12342: 12340: 12339: 12334: 12329: 12323: 12321: 12315: 12314: 12311: 12310: 12308: 12307: 12302: 12297: 12296: 12295: 12290: 12285: 12275: 12270: 12269: 12268: 12263: 12258: 12253: 12248: 12238: 12237: 12236: 12225: 12223: 12222:Western Europe 12219: 12218: 12216: 12215: 12214: 12213: 12203: 12198: 12193: 12187: 12185: 12181: 12180: 12178: 12177: 12172: 12167: 12162: 12157: 12152: 12147: 12142: 12137: 12132: 12126: 12124: 12120: 12119: 12117: 12116: 12111: 12106: 12101: 12100: 12099: 12094: 12089: 12084: 12079: 12068: 12066: 12062: 12061: 12059: 12058: 12053: 12048: 12042: 12040: 12039:Eastern Europe 12036: 12035: 12033: 12032: 12027: 12022: 12017: 12012: 12007: 12002: 11997: 11991: 11989: 11988:Central Europe 11982: 11976: 11975: 11972: 11971: 11969: 11968: 11963: 11958: 11957: 11956: 11946: 11941: 11936: 11931: 11926: 11925: 11924: 11919: 11914: 11909: 11904: 11899: 11894: 11883: 11881: 11875: 11874: 11872: 11871: 11866: 11861: 11856: 11851: 11846: 11841: 11836: 11830: 11828: 11826:Southeast Asia 11822: 11821: 11819: 11818: 11813: 11808: 11807: 11806: 11796: 11791: 11790: 11789: 11784: 11774: 11768: 11766: 11760: 11759: 11757: 11756: 11751: 11746: 11741: 11736: 11731: 11730: 11729: 11718: 11716: 11710: 11709: 11707: 11706: 11701: 11696: 11691: 11686: 11680: 11678: 11671: 11665: 11664: 11661: 11660: 11658: 11657: 11652: 11647: 11642: 11637: 11632: 11627: 11622: 11617: 11611: 11609: 11605: 11604: 11602: 11601: 11596: 11591: 11586: 11581: 11576: 11571: 11566: 11560: 11558: 11554: 11553: 11551: 11550: 11545: 11539: 11537: 11530: 11526: 11525: 11522: 11521: 11519: 11518: 11517: 11516: 11511: 11501: 11495: 11493: 11489: 11488: 11486: 11485: 11480: 11474: 11472: 11468: 11467: 11465: 11464: 11459: 11457:South Sudanese 11453: 11451: 11447: 11446: 11444: 11443: 11442: 11441: 11431: 11430: 11429: 11424: 11419: 11414: 11403: 11401: 11397: 11396: 11394: 11393: 11388: 11383: 11377: 11375: 11374:Horn of Africa 11368: 11362: 11361: 11359: 11358: 11356:Black Loyalist 11353: 11348: 11346:Newfoundlander 11343: 11342: 11341: 11336: 11331: 11321: 11320: 11319: 11314: 11304: 11299: 11298: 11297: 11292: 11287: 11286: 11285: 11269: 11267: 11263: 11262: 11255: 11254: 11247: 11240: 11232: 11226: 11223: 11222: 11210: 11209: 11207: 11206: 11200: 11197: 11196: 11194: 11193: 11188: 11183: 11177: 11175: 11174:Notable people 11171: 11170: 11167: 11166: 11164: 11163: 11162: 11161: 11156: 11151: 11140: 11138: 11134: 11133: 11131: 11130: 11129: 11128: 11123: 11118: 11113: 11108: 11097: 11095: 11091: 11090: 11088: 11087: 11081: 11079: 11072: 11068: 11067: 11064: 11063: 11061: 11060: 11053: 11052: 11051: 11046: 11041: 11030: 11028: 11022: 11021: 11019: 11018: 11017: 11016: 11011: 11006: 11001: 10990: 10988: 10982: 10981: 10979: 10978: 10973: 10968: 10966:Iñupiat Nunaat 10962: 10960: 10947: 10943: 10942: 10939: 10938: 10936: 10935: 10930: 10925: 10920: 10915: 10910: 10905: 10900: 10895: 10889: 10887: 10885:Transportation 10881: 10880: 10878: 10877: 10872: 10867: 10862: 10857: 10856: 10855: 10850: 10845: 10834: 10832: 10828: 10827: 10825: 10824: 10823: 10822: 10815: 10810: 10805: 10798: 10791: 10784: 10774: 10769: 10763: 10761: 10755: 10754: 10752: 10751: 10746: 10740: 10738: 10729: 10719: 10718: 10711: 10709: 10707: 10706: 10701: 10700: 10699: 10697:Throat singing 10689: 10688: 10687: 10677: 10672: 10667: 10662: 10656: 10654: 10648: 10647: 10640: 10639: 10632: 10625: 10617: 10611: 10610: 10605: 10600: 10595: 10590: 10578: 10571: 10570:External links 10568: 10566: 10565: 10559: 10544: 10538: 10521: 10515: 10500: 10494: 10479: 10473: 10456: 10450: 10432: 10426: 10411: 10393: 10379: 10364: 10358: 10343: 10337: 10322: 10317:978-1412992619 10316: 10303: 10297: 10282: 10269: 10256: 10250: 10235: 10229: 10212: 10206: 10191: 10185: 10170: 10164: 10149: 10124: 10118: 10102: 10094: 10091: 10090: 10089: 10083: 10067:, ed. (1984). 10061: 10014: 9993: 9987: 9972: 9966: 9951: 9945: 9925: 9919: 9904: 9898: 9883: 9877: 9860: 9857: 9855: 9854: 9840: 9833: 9813: 9754: 9733: 9714: 9695: 9672: 9641: 9619: 9582: 9563:(2): 209–210. 9543: 9531: 9519: 9507: 9481: 9455: 9437: 9434:Arctic Council 9425: 9399: 9381: 9359: 9338: 9326:Nunatukavut.ca 9313: 9290: 9253: 9232: 9198: 9180: 9137: 9114: 9092: 9075: 9049: 9038:on 11 May 2011 9020: 8998: 8987:on 11 May 2011 8971: 8946: 8916: 8895: 8888: 8868: 8839: 8811: 8804: 8784: 8730: 8723: 8693: 8668: 8659:Nunatsiaq News 8646: 8593: 8534: 8527: 8507: 8476: 8464: 8462:, p. 195. 8452: 8443: 8441:, p. 196. 8431: 8420: 8400: 8393: 8373: 8351: 8344: 8324: 8297:(4): 327–338. 8281: 8258: 8213: 8182: 8175: 8155: 8137: 8126:Hearne, Samuel 8117: 8112:Alaska History 8098: 8091: 8068: 8057:on 6 July 2011 8036: 8029: 7995: 7983: 7971: 7959: 7927: 7901:Visual Studies 7883: 7838: 7812: 7805: 7785: 7760: 7735: 7720: 7694: 7671: 7646: 7618: 7592: 7566: 7540: 7514: 7482: 7447:(8): 737–745. 7429: 7397: 7375: 7338:(4): 252–257. 7318: 7289:(2): e000444. 7269: 7240:(2): e000673. 7220: 7185:(8): 737–745. 7167: 7138: 7113: 7103: 7077: 7045: 7038: 7013: 6992: 6971: 6941: 6934: 6914: 6907: 6885: 6855: 6830: 6812: 6794: 6791:. 9 July 2017. 6776: 6759: 6735: 6711: 6690: 6660: 6640: 6610: 6582: 6556: 6549: 6535:Campbell, Lyle 6526: 6507: 6496:Israel, Mark. 6485: 6455: 6432: 6402: 6384: 6371:Connexions.org 6358: 6335: 6333:, p. 118. 6323: 6316: 6293: 6260: 6235: 6211: 6186: 6179: 6154: 6140: 6133: 6113: 6104: 6095: 6070: 6045: 6033: 6011: 6004: 5984: 5972:Heritage.nf.ca 5959: 5947:Heritage.nf.ca 5934: 5925: 5918: 5881: 5874: 5854: 5833: 5819: 5755: 5744:on 14 May 2008 5722: 5680: 5665:Archived from 5653: 5623: 5602: 5575:(3): 201–222. 5559: 5545: 5525: 5518: 5498: 5491: 5469: 5442: 5413: 5406: 5386: 5379: 5359: 5352: 5332: 5303: 5284: 5266: 5254:"Eskimo-Aleut" 5239: 5209: 5181: 5146: 5122: 5096: 5070: 5044: 5015:10.2307/281966 4988: 4960: 4933: 4911: 4908:. 2 July 2019. 4876: 4845: 4819: 4817:, p. 151. 4807: 4766: 4745: 4717: 4673: 4638: 4611: 4573: 4571: 4568: 4566: 4563: 4560: 4559: 4538: 4537: 4535: 4532: 4498:societal norms 4478:Susan Aglukark 4448:in Inuktitut, 4431:Leona Aglukkaq 4336:Helen Maksagak 4267: 4266:Modern culture 4264: 4240:Dorset culture 4207: 4204: 4171: 4168: 4117: 4114: 4102:Brian Mulroney 4048:Inuit Nunangat 4025: 4022: 3998:Arctic Council 3990:climate change 3982:Siberian Yupik 3968:, Greenland's 3958:United Nations 3941: 3938: 3909: 3906: 3877: 3874: 3869:World Factbook 3857:Main article: 3854: 3851: 3783:Inuit Nunangat 3770: 3767: 3764: 3763: 3760: 3757: 3754: 3749: 3748:United States 3745: 3744: 3741: 3738: 3735: 3730: 3729:United States 3726: 3725: 3722: 3719: 3716: 3711: 3710:United States 3707: 3706: 3703: 3700: 3697: 3692: 3688: 3687: 3684: 3681: 3678: 3673: 3669: 3668: 3665: 3662: 3659: 3654: 3650: 3649: 3646: 3643: 3640: 3635: 3631: 3630: 3627: 3624: 3621: 3616: 3612: 3611: 3608: 3605: 3602: 3597: 3593: 3592: 3589: 3586: 3583: 3578: 3574: 3573: 3570: 3567: 3564: 3559: 3555: 3554: 3551: 3548: 3545: 3540: 3536: 3535: 3532: 3529: 3526: 3521: 3520:Faroe Islands 3517: 3516: 3513: 3510: 3507: 3502: 3498: 3497: 3494: 3491: 3488: 3483: 3479: 3478: 3475: 3472: 3469: 3464: 3460: 3459: 3456: 3453: 3450: 3445: 3441: 3440: 3437: 3434: 3431: 3426: 3422: 3421: 3418: 3415: 3412: 3407: 3403: 3402: 3399:Inuit Nunangat 3392: 3389: 3386: 3381: 3377: 3376: 3373: 3370: 3367: 3362: 3358: 3357: 3354: 3351: 3348: 3343: 3339: 3338: 3335: 3332: 3329: 3324: 3320: 3319: 3316: 3313: 3310: 3305: 3301: 3300: 3297: 3294: 3291: 3286: 3282: 3281: 3278: 3275: 3272: 3267: 3263: 3262: 3259:Inuit Nunangat 3252: 3249: 3246: 3241: 3237: 3236: 3233: 3230: 3227: 3222: 3218: 3217: 3214:Inuit Nunangat 3207: 3204: 3201: 3196: 3192: 3191: 3188:Inuit Nunangat 3181: 3178: 3175: 3170: 3166: 3165: 3163:Inuit Nunangat 3160: 3157: 3154: 3149: 3145: 3144: 3141: 3138: 3135: 3132: 3119: 3116: 3103:Inuit religion 3027:Inuit religion 3022: 3019: 3009: 2996: 2995: 2989: 2983: 2949:Main article: 2946: 2943: 2867: 2864: 2848:Carmel Schrire 2823: 2767: 2764: 2735: 2732: 2678:Noatak, Alaska 2647:Open marriages 2613:Eskimo kinship 2608: 2605: 2523:Inuit clothing 2454:Inuit clothing 2445: 2442: 2434:Siberian Husky 2392:Siberian Husky 2287: 2284: 2257:Main article: 2254: 2251: 2116:Main article: 2113: 2110: 1981:Main article: 1978: 1975: 1970:Main article: 1967: 1964: 1923:is preferred. 1910:folk etymology 1847: 1844: 1824:Leona Aglukkaq 1819: 1816: 1737: 1734: 1654: 1651: 1599: 1596: 1516:visit Europe. 1513:oral tradition 1454: 1451: 1449: 1446: 1436: 1433: 1425:bowhead whales 1413:Little Ice Age 1337:Siberian Yupik 1189:Dorset culture 1149: 1146: 1144: 1141: 1137:Siberian Yupik 1133:Central Yup'ik 1002:Inuit Nunangat 897:'the people'; 813: 812: 810: 809: 802: 795: 787: 784: 783: 759: 758: 755: 754: 749: 744: 739: 734: 729: 723: 720: 719: 716: 715: 712: 711: 710: 709: 707:Inuit religion 698: 695: 694: 691: 690: 687: 686: 681: 676: 671: 666: 661: 656: 651: 645: 642: 641: 638: 637: 634: 633: 628: 623: 618: 613: 608: 603: 598: 593: 592: 591: 586: 578: 572: 569: 568: 565: 564: 561: 560: 555: 550: 545: 540: 534: 531: 530: 527: 526: 523: 522: 517: 512: 507: 502: 497: 492: 487: 482: 477: 472: 467: 462: 457: 452: 447: 445: 438: 433: 428: 423: 418: 416:Indigenous law 412: 409: 408: 405: 404: 401: 400: 398:Reconciliation 395: 394: 393: 388: 383: 373: 372: 371: 361: 355: 352: 351: 348: 347: 346: 345: 338: 331: 321: 320: 312: 311: 299: 298: 263: 259: 258: 253: 249: 248: 245: 241: 240: 229: 225: 224: 212: 211: 209: 208: 203: 198: 193: 187: 184: 183: 179: 178: 176: 175: 173:Inuit religion 170: 164: 161: 160: 156: 155: 123: 122: 118: 117: 114: 110: 109: 106: 102: 101: 98: 94: 93: 90: 86: 85: 82: 78: 77: 73: 72: 68: 67: 63: 62: 56: 41: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 13453: 13442: 13439: 13437: 13434: 13432: 13429: 13427: 13424: 13422: 13419: 13417: 13414: 13412: 13409: 13407: 13404: 13403: 13401: 13375: 13374: 13372: 13368: 13361: 13360: 13358: 13354: 13351: 13348: 13342: 13335: 13332: 13329: 13326: 13323: 13320: 13319: 13317: 13313: 13307: 13304: 13302: 13299: 13298: 13296: 13292: 13286: 13283: 13281: 13278: 13276: 13273: 13271: 13268: 13266: 13263: 13261: 13258: 13256: 13253: 13251: 13248: 13246: 13243: 13241: 13238: 13236: 13233: 13232: 13230: 13228: 13224: 13220: 13216: 13212: 13206: 13202: 13198: 13191: 13186: 13184: 13179: 13177: 13172: 13171: 13168: 13156: 13155: 13146: 13144: 13143: 13134: 13133: 13130: 13124: 13121: 13119: 13116: 13114: 13111: 13109: 13106: 13104: 13101: 13099: 13096: 13094: 13091: 13089: 13088:Arctic Bridge 13086: 13085: 13083: 13081: 13077: 13071: 13068: 13066: 13063: 13061: 13058: 13054: 13051: 13050: 13049: 13046: 13044: 13041: 13040: 13038: 13034: 13028: 13022: 13020: 13017: 13015: 13012: 13010: 13007: 13005: 13002: 13000: 12997: 12995: 12992: 12990: 12987: 12985: 12982: 12980: 12977: 12975: 12972: 12970: 12967: 12965: 12962: 12960: 12957: 12955: 12952: 12950: 12947: 12945: 12942: 12940: 12937: 12935: 12932: 12930: 12927: 12926: 12924: 12922: 12918: 12912: 12909: 12907: 12904: 12902: 12899: 12898: 12896: 12894: 12890: 12884: 12881: 12879: 12876: 12872: 12869: 12867: 12864: 12862: 12859: 12857: 12854: 12852: 12849: 12848: 12846: 12844: 12841: 12839: 12836: 12834: 12831: 12829: 12826: 12824: 12821: 12819: 12818:Bowhead whale 12816: 12814: 12811: 12809: 12806: 12805: 12803: 12801: 12797: 12791: 12788: 12786: 12783: 12781: 12780:Polar climate 12778: 12776: 12773: 12771: 12768: 12766: 12763: 12761: 12758: 12754: 12751: 12749: 12746: 12745: 12744: 12741: 12739: 12736: 12734: 12731: 12729: 12726: 12724: 12721: 12720: 12718: 12716: 12712: 12706: 12703: 12701: 12698: 12696: 12693: 12691: 12688: 12684: 12681: 12680: 12679: 12676: 12674: 12671: 12669: 12666: 12664: 12661: 12659: 12656: 12654: 12651: 12649: 12646: 12644: 12641: 12639: 12636: 12634: 12631: 12629: 12626: 12624: 12621: 12619: 12616: 12614: 12611: 12609: 12608:Arctic Alaska 12606: 12605: 12603: 12601: 12597: 12591: 12588: 12586: 12583: 12581: 12578: 12576: 12573: 12571: 12568: 12566: 12563: 12561: 12558: 12557: 12555: 12553: 12549: 12543: 12540: 12538: 12535: 12533: 12530: 12528: 12525: 12523: 12520: 12518: 12515: 12513: 12510: 12508: 12505: 12503: 12500: 12498: 12495: 12493: 12490: 12488: 12487:Arctic Circle 12485: 12483: 12480: 12479: 12477: 12475: 12471: 12465: 12462: 12460: 12457: 12455: 12454:Saami Council 12452: 12450: 12447: 12445: 12442: 12440: 12437: 12435: 12432: 12430: 12427: 12425: 12422: 12421: 12419: 12417: 12413: 12407: 12404: 12402: 12399: 12397: 12394: 12393: 12391: 12389: 12385: 12380: 12373: 12368: 12366: 12361: 12359: 12354: 12353: 12350: 12338: 12337:New Zealander 12335: 12333: 12330: 12328: 12325: 12324: 12322: 12320: 12316: 12306: 12303: 12301: 12298: 12294: 12291: 12289: 12286: 12284: 12281: 12280: 12279: 12276: 12274: 12271: 12267: 12264: 12262: 12259: 12257: 12254: 12252: 12249: 12247: 12244: 12243: 12242: 12239: 12235: 12232: 12231: 12230: 12227: 12226: 12224: 12220: 12212: 12209: 12208: 12207: 12204: 12202: 12199: 12197: 12194: 12192: 12189: 12188: 12186: 12182: 12176: 12173: 12171: 12168: 12166: 12163: 12161: 12158: 12156: 12153: 12151: 12148: 12146: 12143: 12141: 12138: 12136: 12133: 12131: 12128: 12127: 12125: 12121: 12115: 12112: 12110: 12107: 12105: 12102: 12098: 12095: 12093: 12090: 12088: 12085: 12083: 12080: 12078: 12075: 12074: 12073: 12070: 12069: 12067: 12063: 12057: 12054: 12052: 12049: 12047: 12044: 12043: 12041: 12037: 12031: 12028: 12026: 12023: 12021: 12018: 12016: 12013: 12011: 12008: 12006: 12003: 12001: 11998: 11996: 11993: 11992: 11990: 11986: 11983: 11981: 11977: 11967: 11964: 11962: 11959: 11955: 11952: 11951: 11950: 11947: 11945: 11942: 11940: 11937: 11935: 11932: 11930: 11927: 11923: 11920: 11918: 11915: 11913: 11910: 11908: 11905: 11903: 11900: 11898: 11895: 11893: 11890: 11889: 11888: 11885: 11884: 11882: 11880: 11876: 11870: 11867: 11865: 11862: 11860: 11857: 11855: 11852: 11850: 11847: 11845: 11842: 11840: 11837: 11835: 11832: 11831: 11829: 11827: 11823: 11817: 11814: 11812: 11809: 11805: 11802: 11801: 11800: 11797: 11795: 11792: 11788: 11785: 11783: 11780: 11779: 11778: 11775: 11773: 11770: 11769: 11767: 11765: 11761: 11755: 11752: 11750: 11747: 11745: 11742: 11740: 11737: 11735: 11732: 11728: 11725: 11724: 11723: 11720: 11719: 11717: 11715: 11711: 11705: 11702: 11700: 11697: 11695: 11692: 11690: 11687: 11685: 11682: 11681: 11679: 11675: 11672: 11670: 11666: 11656: 11653: 11651: 11648: 11646: 11643: 11641: 11638: 11636: 11633: 11631: 11628: 11626: 11623: 11621: 11618: 11616: 11613: 11612: 11610: 11606: 11600: 11597: 11595: 11592: 11590: 11587: 11585: 11582: 11580: 11577: 11575: 11572: 11570: 11567: 11565: 11562: 11561: 11559: 11555: 11549: 11546: 11544: 11541: 11540: 11538: 11536:North America 11534: 11531: 11527: 11515: 11512: 11510: 11507: 11506: 11505: 11502: 11500: 11497: 11496: 11494: 11490: 11484: 11481: 11479: 11478:South African 11476: 11475: 11473: 11469: 11463: 11460: 11458: 11455: 11454: 11452: 11448: 11440: 11437: 11436: 11435: 11432: 11428: 11425: 11423: 11420: 11418: 11415: 11413: 11410: 11409: 11408: 11405: 11404: 11402: 11398: 11392: 11389: 11387: 11384: 11382: 11379: 11378: 11376: 11372: 11369: 11367: 11363: 11357: 11354: 11352: 11349: 11347: 11344: 11340: 11337: 11335: 11332: 11330: 11327: 11326: 11325: 11322: 11318: 11315: 11313: 11310: 11309: 11308: 11305: 11303: 11300: 11296: 11293: 11291: 11288: 11284: 11281: 11280: 11279: 11278:First Nations 11276: 11275: 11274: 11271: 11270: 11268: 11264: 11260: 11253: 11248: 11246: 11241: 11239: 11234: 11233: 11230: 11224: 11217: 11205: 11202: 11201: 11198: 11192: 11189: 11187: 11184: 11182: 11181:United States 11179: 11178: 11176: 11172: 11160: 11157: 11155: 11152: 11150: 11147: 11146: 11145: 11142: 11141: 11139: 11135: 11127: 11124: 11122: 11119: 11117: 11114: 11112: 11109: 11107: 11104: 11103: 11102: 11099: 11098: 11096: 11092: 11086: 11083: 11082: 11080: 11076: 11073: 11071:Organisations 11069: 11059: 11058: 11054: 11050: 11047: 11045: 11042: 11040: 11037: 11036: 11035: 11032: 11031: 11029: 11027: 11023: 11015: 11012: 11010: 11007: 11005: 11002: 11000: 10997: 10996: 10995: 10992: 10991: 10989: 10987: 10983: 10977: 10974: 10972: 10969: 10967: 10964: 10963: 10961: 10959: 10955: 10951: 10948: 10944: 10934: 10931: 10929: 10926: 10924: 10921: 10919: 10916: 10914: 10911: 10909: 10906: 10904: 10901: 10899: 10896: 10894: 10891: 10890: 10888: 10886: 10882: 10876: 10873: 10871: 10868: 10866: 10863: 10861: 10858: 10854: 10851: 10849: 10846: 10844: 10841: 10840: 10839: 10836: 10835: 10833: 10829: 10821: 10820: 10816: 10814: 10811: 10809: 10806: 10804: 10803: 10799: 10797: 10796: 10792: 10790: 10789: 10785: 10783: 10782: 10778: 10777: 10775: 10773: 10770: 10768: 10765: 10764: 10762: 10760: 10756: 10750: 10747: 10745: 10742: 10741: 10739: 10737: 10733: 10730: 10728: 10724: 10720: 10715: 10705: 10702: 10698: 10695: 10694: 10693: 10690: 10686: 10683: 10682: 10681: 10678: 10676: 10673: 10671: 10668: 10666: 10663: 10661: 10658: 10657: 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UBC Press. 10330: 10329: 10323: 10319: 10313: 10309: 10304: 10300: 10294: 10290: 10289: 10283: 10279: 10275: 10270: 10266: 10262: 10257: 10253: 10247: 10243: 10242: 10236: 10232: 10226: 10221: 10220: 10213: 10209: 10203: 10199: 10198: 10192: 10188: 10182: 10178: 10177: 10171: 10167: 10161: 10158:. McFarland. 10157: 10156: 10150: 10139: 10135: 10134: 10129: 10125: 10121: 10115: 10111: 10110: 10104: 10103: 10100: 10086: 10080: 10076: 10072: 10071: 10066: 10062: 10058: 10054: 10050: 10046: 10042: 10038: 10034: 10030: 10026: 10022: 10021: 10015: 10008: 10001: 10000: 9994: 9990: 9984: 9980: 9979: 9973: 9969: 9963: 9959: 9958: 9952: 9948: 9942: 9937: 9936: 9930: 9926: 9922: 9916: 9912: 9911: 9905: 9901: 9895: 9891: 9890: 9884: 9880: 9874: 9870: 9869: 9863: 9862: 9850: 9844: 9836: 9830: 9826: 9825: 9817: 9809: 9805: 9801: 9797: 9792: 9787: 9783: 9779: 9775: 9771: 9770: 9765: 9758: 9750: 9749: 9748:New Scientist 9744: 9737: 9729: 9725: 9718: 9710: 9706: 9699: 9691: 9687: 9683: 9676: 9660: 9656: 9652: 9645: 9637: 9633: 9629: 9623: 9614: 9609: 9605: 9601: 9597: 9595: 9586: 9578: 9574: 9570: 9566: 9562: 9558: 9554: 9547: 9540: 9535: 9529:, p. 11. 9528: 9527:Hessel (2006) 9523: 9517:, p. 20. 9516: 9515:Hessel (2006) 9511: 9495: 9491: 9485: 9469: 9465: 9459: 9453: 9449: 9446: 9441: 9435: 9429: 9413: 9409: 9403: 9395: 9391: 9385: 9369: 9363: 9348: 9342: 9327: 9323: 9317: 9309: 9303: 9301: 9299: 9297: 9295: 9286: 9282: 9278: 9272: 9270: 9268: 9266: 9264: 9262: 9260: 9258: 9249: 9245: 9239: 9237: 9220: 9219: 9211: 9205: 9203: 9193: 9191: 9189: 9187: 9185: 9176: 9172: 9166: 9164: 9162: 9160: 9158: 9156: 9154: 9152: 9150: 9148: 9146: 9144: 9142: 9125: 9118: 9102: 9096: 9089: 9078: 9072: 9068: 9063: 9062: 9053: 9037: 9033: 9027: 9025: 9008: 9002: 8986: 8982: 8975: 8960: 8956: 8950: 8934: 8930: 8926: 8920: 8912: 8911: 8906: 8899: 8891: 8885: 8881: 8880: 8872: 8856: 8852: 8846: 8844: 8832: 8828: 8821: 8815: 8807: 8801: 8797: 8796: 8788: 8780: 8776: 8772: 8768: 8764: 8760: 8756: 8752: 8748: 8744: 8740: 8734: 8726: 8720: 8716: 8712: 8708: 8704: 8697: 8682: 8678: 8672: 8664: 8660: 8656: 8650: 8642: 8638: 8634: 8630: 8626: 8622: 8618: 8614: 8610: 8606: 8605: 8597: 8589: 8585: 8581: 8577: 8573: 8569: 8564: 8559: 8555: 8551: 8550: 8545: 8538: 8530: 8524: 8520: 8519: 8511: 8495: 8491: 8489: 8480: 8474:, p. 64. 8473: 8468: 8461: 8456: 8447: 8440: 8435: 8428: 8423: 8417: 8413: 8412: 8404: 8396: 8390: 8386: 8385: 8377: 8361: 8355: 8347: 8345:0-8032-8613-9 8341: 8337: 8336: 8328: 8320: 8316: 8312: 8308: 8304: 8300: 8296: 8292: 8285: 8277: 8273: 8269: 8262: 8254: 8250: 8246: 8242: 8238: 8234: 8230: 8226: 8225: 8217: 8201: 8197: 8196:Nunatsiaq.com 8193: 8186: 8178: 8172: 8168: 8167: 8159: 8151: 8147: 8141: 8133: 8132: 8127: 8121: 8113: 8109: 8102: 8094: 8088: 8084: 8083: 8078: 8072: 8053: 8046: 8040: 8032: 8026: 8022: 8018: 8014: 8010: 8006: 7999: 7993:, p. 56. 7992: 7987: 7981:, p. 65. 7980: 7975: 7969:, p. 38. 7968: 7963: 7948:on 6 May 2021 7944: 7937: 7931: 7923: 7919: 7915: 7911: 7907: 7903: 7902: 7894: 7887: 7879: 7875: 7871: 7867: 7863: 7859: 7855: 7851: 7850: 7842: 7826: 7822: 7816: 7808: 7802: 7798: 7797: 7789: 7774: 7770: 7764: 7756: 7752: 7751: 7746: 7739: 7733:, p. 10. 7732: 7727: 7725: 7708: 7704: 7698: 7682: 7675: 7660: 7656: 7650: 7635: 7630:(Documentary) 7628: 7622: 7607: 7603: 7596: 7581: 7577: 7570: 7555: 7551: 7544: 7528: 7524: 7518: 7502: 7495: 7489: 7487: 7478: 7474: 7470: 7466: 7462: 7458: 7454: 7450: 7446: 7442: 7441: 7433: 7414: 7407: 7401: 7393: 7389: 7382: 7380: 7371: 7367: 7363: 7359: 7354: 7349: 7345: 7341: 7337: 7333: 7329: 7322: 7314: 7310: 7305: 7300: 7296: 7292: 7288: 7284: 7280: 7273: 7265: 7261: 7256: 7251: 7247: 7243: 7239: 7235: 7231: 7224: 7216: 7212: 7208: 7204: 7200: 7196: 7192: 7188: 7184: 7180: 7179: 7171: 7163: 7159: 7155: 7151: 7150: 7142: 7127: 7123: 7117: 7110: 7106: 7100: 7096: 7092: 7088: 7081: 7074: 7062: 7055: 7049: 7041: 7035: 7031: 7027: 7023: 7017: 7009: 7008: 7003: 6996: 6986: 6985: 6980: 6975: 6959: 6955: 6951: 6945: 6937: 6931: 6927: 6926: 6918: 6910: 6904: 6899: 6898: 6889: 6873: 6869: 6865: 6859: 6840: 6834: 6826: 6822: 6816: 6808: 6804: 6798: 6790: 6786: 6780: 6769: 6763: 6753: 6752: 6747: 6742: 6740: 6729: 6728: 6723: 6718: 6716: 6705: 6704: 6699: 6694: 6678: 6674: 6670: 6664: 6657: 6650: 6644: 6628: 6624: 6620: 6614: 6599: 6595: 6589: 6587: 6570: 6566: 6560: 6552: 6546: 6542: 6541: 6536: 6530: 6524: 6518: 6511: 6503: 6499: 6492: 6490: 6481: 6477: 6473: 6469: 6462: 6460: 6451: 6450: 6445: 6439: 6437: 6421: 6420: 6415: 6409: 6407: 6398: 6394: 6388: 6373:. 5 June 2007 6372: 6368: 6362: 6354: 6350: 6346: 6339: 6332: 6327: 6319: 6313: 6309: 6308: 6300: 6298: 6288: 6283: 6279: 6275: 6271: 6264: 6249: 6245: 6239: 6228: 6221: 6215: 6207: 6203: 6196: 6190: 6182: 6180:0-660-15544-3 6176: 6172: 6165: 6158: 6150: 6144: 6136: 6130: 6127:. UBC Press. 6126: 6125: 6117: 6108: 6099: 6091: 6087: 6086: 6081: 6074: 6066: 6062: 6061: 6056: 6049: 6042: 6037: 6029: 6025: 6021: 6015: 6007: 6001: 5997: 5996: 5988: 5973: 5969: 5963: 5948: 5944: 5938: 5929: 5921: 5915: 5911: 5907: 5903: 5899: 5895: 5888: 5886: 5877: 5871: 5867: 5866: 5858: 5843: 5837: 5829: 5823: 5808: 5804: 5800: 5796: 5792: 5788: 5784: 5780: 5776: 5772: 5771: 5766: 5759: 5740: 5733: 5726: 5707: 5703: 5699: 5698: 5690: 5684: 5668: 5664: 5657: 5641: 5637: 5633: 5627: 5619: 5618: 5613: 5606: 5598: 5594: 5590: 5586: 5582: 5578: 5574: 5570: 5563: 5548: 5546:9788763512084 5542: 5538: 5537: 5529: 5521: 5515: 5511: 5510: 5502: 5494: 5488: 5483: 5482: 5473: 5462: 5455: 5454: 5446: 5435: 5431: 5424: 5417: 5409: 5403: 5399: 5398: 5390: 5382: 5376: 5372: 5371: 5363: 5355: 5349: 5345: 5344: 5336: 5330: 5324: 5320: 5319:Goddard, Ives 5316: 5310: 5308: 5299: 5295: 5288: 5280: 5276: 5270: 5262: 5260: 5255: 5248: 5246: 5244: 5235: 5231: 5227: 5223: 5216: 5214: 5205: 5201: 5200: 5195: 5188: 5186: 5170: 5166: 5162: 5155: 5153: 5151: 5142: 5138: 5131: 5129: 5127: 5110: 5106: 5100: 5084: 5080: 5074: 5058: 5054: 5048: 5040: 5036: 5032: 5028: 5024: 5020: 5016: 5012: 5008: 5004: 5003: 4995: 4993: 4985: 4981: 4977: 4973: 4967: 4965: 4957: 4953: 4949: 4948: 4943: 4937: 4929: 4925: 4921: 4915: 4907: 4903: 4899: 4893: 4891: 4889: 4887: 4885: 4883: 4881: 4864: 4860: 4856: 4849: 4833: 4829: 4823: 4816: 4811: 4795: 4791: 4787: 4781: 4779: 4777: 4775: 4773: 4771: 4762: 4758: 4752: 4750: 4733: 4732: 4727: 4721: 4702: 4698: 4697: 4692: 4686: 4684: 4682: 4680: 4678: 4661: 4660: 4655: 4649: 4647: 4645: 4643: 4634: 4633: 4628: 4622: 4620: 4618: 4616: 4599: 4595: 4591: 4587: 4581: 4579: 4574: 4556: 4552: 4546: 4544: 4539: 4531: 4529: 4525: 4520: 4516: 4514: 4510: 4505: 4503: 4499: 4493: 4491: 4487: 4483: 4479: 4475: 4471: 4470:film producer 4467: 4463: 4462: 4457: 4453: 4452: 4447: 4438: 4434: 4432: 4428: 4424: 4420: 4416: 4412: 4408: 4404: 4403:P.J. Akeeagok 4400: 4395: 4393: 4389: 4385: 4384: 4374: 4370: 4368: 4364: 4360: 4359:Jordin Tootoo 4356: 4352: 4348: 4347:Schefferville 4344: 4339: 4337: 4333: 4329: 4325: 4324:Levinia Brown 4321: 4317: 4313: 4309: 4304: 4302: 4301: 4296: 4292: 4288: 4284: 4277: 4272: 4263: 4261: 4256: 4253: 4249: 4245: 4241: 4237: 4236: 4229: 4225: 4221: 4217: 4213: 4203: 4201: 4197: 4193: 4189: 4188:Bering Strait 4185: 4181: 4177: 4167: 4163: 4161: 4157: 4153: 4149: 4148:Faroe Islands 4145: 4141: 4137: 4133: 4127: 4123: 4113: 4111: 4107: 4103: 4099: 4098: 4093: 4089: 4083: 4080: 4076: 4072: 4063: 4059: 4057: 4053: 4049: 4043: 4039: 4035: 4031: 4021: 4019: 4015: 4011: 4010:Sergei Lavrov 4007: 4003: 4002:Kuupik Kleist 3999: 3995: 3991: 3987: 3983: 3979: 3975: 3971: 3967: 3963: 3959: 3955: 3946: 3937: 3935: 3931: 3927: 3923: 3919: 3915: 3908:United States 3905: 3903: 3899: 3895: 3891: 3887: 3883: 3873: 3871: 3870: 3867: 3860: 3850: 3848: 3844: 3840: 3835: 3831: 3829: 3825: 3820: 3818: 3814: 3809: 3807: 3803: 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2770: 2763: 2759: 2755: 2753: 2752:Samuel Hearne 2749: 2745: 2741: 2731: 2729: 2725: 2721: 2720: 2715: 2711: 2706: 2702: 2699: 2695: 2691: 2687: 2679: 2674: 2670: 2668: 2664: 2660: 2656: 2652: 2648: 2644: 2639: 2636: 2628: 2623: 2618: 2614: 2604: 2602: 2598: 2594: 2590: 2585: 2583: 2579: 2575: 2574: 2569: 2568: 2558: 2554: 2552: 2548: 2547: 2542: 2541: 2536: 2532: 2528: 2524: 2519: 2517: 2513: 2509: 2505: 2501: 2497: 2492: 2488: 2484: 2476: 2472: 2465: 2462:Caribou skin 2460: 2455: 2451: 2441: 2439: 2435: 2431: 2430:Greenland Dog 2427: 2423: 2417: 2415: 2411: 2410: 2405: 2401: 2397: 2393: 2389: 2388: 2383: 2379: 2374: 2372: 2368: 2364: 2363: 2353: 2349: 2347: 2343: 2339: 2335: 2334: 2329: 2326:Inuit hunted 2322: 2317: 2310: 2298: 2293: 2283: 2280: 2276: 2272: 2268: 2267: 2260: 2250: 2246: 2244: 2240: 2237: 2233: 2229: 2224: 2220: 2215: 2213: 2209: 2205: 2201: 2197: 2193: 2189: 2185: 2181: 2177: 2173: 2169: 2165: 2161: 2157: 2153: 2149: 2145: 2141: 2137: 2133: 2129: 2128:bowhead whale 2125: 2119: 2109: 2107: 2104:, which is a 2103: 2098: 2096: 2092: 2088: 2083: 2081: 2077: 2073: 2068: 2066: 2062: 2057: 2053: 2049: 2045: 2041: 2037: 2033: 2028: 2026: 2020: 2018: 2014: 2010: 2006: 2002: 1998: 1989: 1984: 1973: 1972:Inuit culture 1963: 1961: 1957: 1953: 1949: 1945: 1942: 1938: 1934: 1930: 1926: 1922: 1917: 1915: 1914:Cree language 1911: 1907: 1904:(Montagnais) 1903: 1899: 1894: 1892: 1888: 1884: 1880: 1876: 1871: 1868: 1867: 1861: 1859: 1853: 1843: 1841: 1837: 1833: 1829: 1825: 1815: 1812: 1808: 1803: 1801: 1797: 1792: 1788: 1784: 1778: 1775: 1771: 1767: 1763: 1759: 1755: 1751: 1747: 1743: 1733: 1731: 1726: 1723: 1719: 1715: 1710: 1707: 1704: 1699: 1697: 1693: 1689: 1685: 1684:Port Harrison 1681: 1677: 1673: 1668: 1665: 1661: 1650: 1648: 1647: 1642: 1638: 1634: 1630: 1625: 1623: 1622: 1617: 1611: 1609: 1605: 1595: 1593: 1589: 1585: 1581: 1577: 1574: 1570: 1566: 1562: 1561:Whapmagoostui 1558: 1557:trading posts 1554: 1549: 1542: 1541:Hudson Strait 1537: 1533: 1530: 1526: 1522: 1517: 1514: 1510: 1506: 1502: 1501:Baffin Island 1498: 1497:Frobisher Bay 1494: 1490: 1483: 1479: 1474: 1470: 1468: 1464: 1460: 1441: 1432: 1430: 1426: 1422: 1418: 1414: 1409: 1407: 1402: 1397: 1395: 1394: 1387: 1383: 1379: 1374: 1372: 1368: 1367: 1362: 1356: 1354: 1350: 1346: 1342: 1338: 1334: 1330: 1325: 1323: 1319: 1315: 1311: 1307: 1303: 1299: 1295: 1290: 1287: 1281: 1276: 1271: 1266: 1261: 1259: 1254: 1249: 1245: 1241: 1236: 1230: 1225: 1221: 1216: 1212: 1206: 1204: 1200: 1195: 1191:, called the 1190: 1186: 1182: 1178: 1177:Bering Strait 1174: 1170: 1161: 1155: 1140: 1138: 1134: 1130: 1126: 1122: 1118: 1114: 1110: 1106: 1102: 1098: 1094: 1093: 1087: 1085: 1081: 1077: 1073: 1069: 1065: 1061: 1057: 1056:Bering Strait 1053: 1049: 1045: 1041: 1037: 1033: 1029: 1025: 1023: 1019: 1018:First Nations 1015: 1011: 1007: 1004:. In Canada, 1003: 999: 995: 991: 987: 983: 979: 975: 970: 968: 964: 960: 956: 952: 948: 944: 940: 936: 932: 928: 924: 920: 916: 912: 908: 904: 900: 896: 892: 882: 878: 868: 860: 856: 855: 846: 819: 808: 803: 801: 796: 794: 789: 788: 786: 785: 782: 771: 761: 760: 753: 750: 748: 745: 743: 740: 738: 737:First Nations 735: 733: 730: 728: 725: 724: 718: 717: 708: 705: 704: 703: 700: 699: 693: 692: 685: 684:Inuit grammar 682: 680: 677: 675: 672: 670: 667: 665: 662: 660: 657: 655: 652: 650: 647: 646: 640: 639: 632: 631:Pacific Coast 629: 627: 624: 622: 619: 617: 614: 612: 609: 607: 604: 602: 599: 597: 594: 590: 587: 585: 582: 581: 579: 577: 574: 573: 567: 566: 559: 556: 554: 551: 549: 546: 544: 541: 539: 536: 535: 529: 528: 521: 518: 516: 515:Organizations 513: 511: 508: 506: 503: 501: 500:Treaty rights 498: 496: 493: 491: 488: 486: 483: 481: 478: 476: 473: 471: 468: 466: 465:Land defender 463: 461: 458: 456: 453: 450: 446: 444: 443: 439: 437: 434: 432: 431:Health Policy 429: 427: 424: 422: 419: 417: 414: 413: 407: 406: 399: 396: 392: 389: 387: 384: 382: 379: 378: 377: 374: 370: 367: 366: 365: 362: 360: 357: 356: 350: 349: 344: 343: 339: 337: 336: 332: 330: 329: 328:First Nations 325: 324: 323: 322: 318: 314: 313: 310: 305: 304: 297: 292: 288: 284: 280: 275: 271: 267: 264: 260: 257: 254: 250: 246: 242: 236: 230: 226: 217: 207: 204: 202: 199: 197: 194: 192: 189: 188: 185: 180: 174: 171: 169: 166: 165: 162: 157: 154: 150: 146: 142: 136: 132: 128: 124: 119: 115: 111: 108:17,067 (2023) 107: 103: 100:16,581 (2010) 99: 97:United States 95: 92:51,479 (2023) 91: 87: 84:70,540 (2021) 83: 79: 74: 69: 64: 59: 54: 49: 40: 36: 34: 26: 22: 13259: 13147: 13135: 13024:Quviasukvik 12968: 12813:Beluga whale 12790:Polar vortex 12502:Arctic Ocean 12305:Luxembourger 12256:Scotch-Irish 11782:Anglo-Indian 11677:Central Asia 11594:Puerto Rican 11400:North Africa 11289: 11055: 11009:Nunavik ᓄᓇᕕᒃ 11004:Nunavut ᓄᓇᕗᑦ 10817: 10813:Snow goggles 10800: 10793: 10786: 10779: 10643: 10549: 10527: 10505: 10484: 10464: 10440: 10416: 10407:the original 10400: 10369: 10348: 10327: 10307: 10287: 10277: 10264: 10240: 10218: 10196: 10175: 10154: 10141:. 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Retrieved 4589: 4517: 4506: 4494: 4459: 4449: 4446:feature film 4443: 4396: 4381: 4379: 4340: 4305: 4298: 4281: 4257: 4248:Thule people 4233: 4231: 4173: 4164: 4142:(along with 4129: 4095: 4091: 4084: 4075:Banks Island 4068: 4045: 3960:-recognized 3951: 3911: 3879: 3864: 3862: 3836: 3832: 3821: 3810: 3799: 3787: 3772: 3653:Netherlands 3365:Saskatchewan 3121: 3118:Demographics 3112: 3108: 3101: 3096: 3088: 3078: 3071: 3067: 3063: 3053: 3046: 3013: 3005: 2997: 2991: 2985: 2979: 2954: 2924: 2922: 2914: 2906:malnutrition 2878:tuberculosis 2875: 2852: 2833: 2827: 2819: 2811: 2802: 2796: 2788:oral history 2781: 2769: 2760: 2756: 2737: 2717: 2707: 2703: 2683: 2661:, sometimes 2640: 2632: 2629:, circa 1907 2593:cold forging 2586: 2571: 2565: 2563: 2550: 2544: 2538: 2521:Traditional 2520: 2512:serpentinite 2491:Walrus ivory 2480: 2466:from Nunavut 2425: 2418: 2407: 2396:team of dogs 2385: 2381: 2375: 2370: 2360: 2358: 2337: 2331: 2325: 2270: 2264: 2262: 2247: 2216: 2207: 2148:bearded seal 2121: 2099: 2084: 2069: 2032:Inuvialuktun 2029: 2021: 2009:Inuvialuktun 1995:Inuit speak 1994: 1955: 1947: 1943: 1941:Proto-Eskimo 1924: 1920: 1918: 1897: 1895: 1890: 1886: 1882: 1872: 1864: 1862: 1857: 1855: 1846:Nomenclature 1821: 1804: 1779: 1774:human rights 1746:high schools 1739: 1727: 1711: 1700: 1669: 1656: 1644: 1626: 1619: 1612: 1601: 1592:George Comer 1565:Kuujjuarapik 1550: 1546: 1518: 1487: 1480:(left), and 1456: 1410: 1404:, Inuit, or 1389: 1375: 1364: 1357: 1326: 1291: 1262: 1240:Native Point 1217: 1207: 1203:Paleo-Eskimo 1179:and western 1173:Thule people 1166: 1104: 1096: 1090: 1088: 1026: 990:Arctic Ocean 980:of Nunavut, 971: 902: 894: 880: 866: 817: 816: 570:Demographics 553:Country food 440: 436:Idle No More 340: 334: 333: 326: 168:Christianity 58:Iglulingmiut 42:Ethnic group 39: 32: 13349:governments 13240:Anishinaabe 13154:WikiProject 12733:Arctic haze 12673:Nunatsiavut 12160:Montenegrin 11939:Azerbaijani 11907:Palestinian 11859:Singaporean 11772:Bangladeshi 11492:West Africa 11450:East Africa 11154:Nunatsiavut 11014:Nunatsiavut 10219:The Eskimos 9686:Windspeaker 8411:The Eskimos 8045:"The Inuit" 7713:25 February 7639:19 February 7611:19 February 7585:19 February 7559:19 February 7533:19 February 7507:19 February 7390:. Reuters. 7131:16 February 7067:20 November 7063:. p. 2 6746:Greenlandic 6698:Inuinnaqtun 6683:19 December 5199:Global News 4815:Alia (2009) 4710:13 November 4490:Ada Eyetoaq 4486:Cape Dorset 4407:Lori Idlout 4326:and former 4300:Quviasukvik 4056:NunatuKavut 4038:Nunatsiavut 3972:, Alaska's 3839:NunatuKavut 3817:Nunatsiavut 3505:Nordjylland 3467:Midtjylland 3429:Hovedstaden 3308:Nova Scotia 3210:Nunatsiavut 2970:. In 1954, 2960:Western law 2902:trichinosis 2840:infanticide 2708:Inuit were 2617:Inuit women 2367:sea mammals 2328:sea animals 2305: 1929 2236:ringed seal 2196:plant stems 2152:polar bears 2144:common seal 2136:ringed seal 2074:(Western), 2072:Kalaallisut 2065:Nunatsiavut 2036:Inuinnaqtun 2001:Inuinnaqtun 1881:wrote that 1832:Jack Anawak 1811:land claims 1800:Nunatsiavut 1791:NunatuKavut 1758:Yellowknife 1756:, Iqaluit, 1696:polar night 1692:Grise Fiord 1322:NunatuKavut 1314:Nunatsiavut 1310:NunatuKavut 1306:Nunatsiavut 1006:sections 25 986:Nunatsiavut 899:Greenlandic 679:Chinuk pipa 659:Chinuk Wawa 643:Linguistics 626:Territories 596:Atlantic CA 460:Land claims 291:Nunatsiavut 131:Greenlandic 13400:Categories 12838:Polar bear 12808:Arctic fox 12638:Inuvialuit 12532:North Pole 12416:Government 12327:Australian 12201:Portuguese 12155:Macedonian 12114:Lithuanian 12046:Belarusian 11869:Vietnamese 11844:Indonesian 11816:Sri Lankan 11764:South Asia 11655:Venezuelan 11645:Salvadoran 11635:Guatemalan 11483:Zimbabwean 11273:Indigenous 10918:Snowmobile 10893:Ammassalik 9665:20 January 9500:24 January 9474:24 January 9418:16 January 9374:25 January 9225:20 October 9082:24 January 9042:24 January 9013:24 January 8991:17 October 8964:17 October 8939:17 October 8749:(2): 161. 8686:24 January 8611:(4): 351. 8500:24 January 8206:24 January 8061:24 January 7687:24 January 7554:CNN Travel 7283:Open Heart 7234:Open Heart 7059:(Report). 6984:Ethnologue 6964:20 January 6751:Ethnologue 6727:Ethnologue 6703:Ethnologue 6673:Lexico.com 6633:13 January 6377:24 January 6253:24 January 6248:Nutaaq.com 6169:(Report). 5977:24 January 5952:24 January 5748:13 October 5715:13 October 5673:13 October 5259:Ethnologue 5115:20 January 5089:20 January 5009:(2): 203. 4565:References 4415:Eva Aariak 4351:Slave Lake 4210:See also: 4120:See also: 4088:land claim 4071:Inuvialuit 4028:See also: 4014:Carl Bildt 3986:ecological 3966:Inuvialuit 3940:Governance 3890:Copenhagen 3773:As of the 3759:<0.01% 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10665:Cuisine 10652:Culture 10461:"Inuit" 10274:"Inuit" 10143:11 July 10020:Science 9800:1116086 9791:1956268 9331:15 July 8771:2800072 8703:"Inuit" 8633:3773051 8427:sewing. 7778:12 July 7769:"Kamik" 7655:"Qajaq" 7469:5046723 7362:8298320 7304:4975865 7255:5729304 7207:5046723 6603:13 June 6575:13 June 6425:1 April 5779:Bibcode 5770:Science 5174:1 April 5063:24 June 4763:. 2021. 4726:"Inuit" 4666:22 July 4635:. 2018. 4276:Maktaaq 4235:Science 4200:Iñupiaq 4176:Iñupiat 4156:fishing 4144:Denmark 4034:Nunavik 4030:Nunavut 3974:Inupiat 3926:Seattle 3902:Aalborg 3876:Denmark 3806:Nunavik 3790:Nunavut 3718:14,718 3691:Russia 3672:Norway 3581:Qeqqata 3566:10,693 3547:23,416 3406:Canada 3380:Canada 3361:Canada 3342:Canada 3323:Canada 3304:Canada 3285:Canada 3270:Alberta 3266:Canada 3251:10.29% 3240:Canada 3225:Ontario 3221:Canada 3195:Canada 3184:Nunavik 3177:15,800 3169:Canada 3159:84.33% 3156:30,865 3152:Nunavut 3148:Canada 3134:Region 3081:animist 2882:measles 2801:' book 2734:Raiding 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12015:Polish 12005:German 11980:Europe 11949:Jewish 11922:Yemeni 11917:Syrian 11811:Romani 11794:Nepali 11777:Indian 11739:Korean 11689:Kazakh 11684:Afghan 11514:Yoruba 11434:Coptic 11417:Libyan 11407:Berber 11391:Somali 11366:Africa 11266:Canada 11186:Canada 11137:Canada 11094:Alaska 11078:Global 11034:Nunaat 10986:Canada 10954:Alaska 10898:Iggaak 10875:Qulliq 10819:Tuilik 10802:Mukluk 10788:Amauti 10776:Types 10557: 10536: 10513: 10492: 10471: 10448: 10424: 10377: 10356: 10335: 10314: 10295: 10248: 10227: 10204: 10183: 10162: 10116: 10081: 10055: 10047: 10039: 9985: 9964: 9943: 9917: 9896: 9875: 9831: 9806: 9798: 9788: 9780: 9577:910884 9575: 9221:. 2000 9130:4 June 9107:4 June 9073: 8886: 8802: 8777: 8769: 8761: 8721: 8639: 8631: 8623: 8586: 8580:672815 8578: 8570: 8525: 8418: 8391: 8342: 8317: 8309: 8251: 8243: 8173: 8089: 8027: 7952:2 July 7920: 7876: 7868: 7849:Arctic 7803: 7664:12 May 7475: 7467: 7459: 7422:29 May 7368: 7360: 7353:325106 7350: 7342: 7311: 7301: 7262: 7252: 7213: 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