95:, a case that reached the US Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals, defendants agreed to pay $ 175 to each spam recipient. In subsequent cases, the payment per class member has increased to $ 200 in 2011 and $ 500 in 2013. In response to Satterfield, entities who make money sending mobile phone spam formed the Mobile Advocacy Coalition (MAC) to lobby the government to legalize that activity. In the US, the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) has expanded Phone Spam regulations to cover also Voice Spamāmostly in form of prerecorded telemarketing callsācommonly known as robocalls; victims can file a complaint with the FCC. In California, Section 17538.41 of the B&P Code bans text message advertisement. Consumers can sue on an individual or class basis per a private right of action against unfair business practices. In 2019, senators
124:(TCPA). Each such unsolicited message received without permission entitles the recipient to take the sender to small claims court and collect a minimum of $ 1 for each violation. They said this in 2003, and reiterated it in 2004: "In 2003, we released a Report and Order in which we reaffirmed that the TCPA prohibits any call using an automatic telephone dialing system or an artificial or prerecorded message to any wireless telephone number. We concluded that this encompasses both voice calls and text calls, including Short Message Service (SMS) text messaging calls, to wireless phone numbers."
205:
increase in SMS spam, the GSM Association formed a
Messaging Security Group to help reduce the impact of mobile spam. Another helpful SMS spam-reduction technique is guarding one's cell phone number. One of the biggest sources of SMS spam is number harvesting carried out by Internet sites offering "free" ring tone downloads. In order to facilitate the downloads, users must provide their phones' numbers; which in turn are used to send frequent advertising messages to the phone. Wording in the sites' Terms of Service intended to make this legal have not survived court challenge.
20:
201:(OMA) standards for mobile spam reporting. In February 2010, the GSM Association has announced a pilot program that will allow subscribers to report SMS spam by forwarding it to short code '7726' which spells "SPAM" on most phones. AT&T Mobility, Korea Telecom, and SFR announced their participation. Following the pilot, a number of other mobile operators have joined the GSMA's Spam Reporting Service program.
156:
SMS spam at the recipient device would be an imperfect solution in markets where users are charged to receive messages, as the user may still be charged for the message once the provider sent it, even if software on the device blocked it from appearing on the device's display. This problem is not present in most of the world outside the U.S., however, where users are not charged to receive messages.
138:, Sending unsolicited text messages is acting contrary to Schedule 2 of the Data Protection Act 1998 and section 22 of the Privacy and Electronic Communications Regulations 2003. Section 13 of Data Protection Act 1998 and section 30 of Privacy and Electronic Communications Regulations 2003 enable consumers to bring proceedings for compensation for spam emails or text messages.
55:
received, including spam. Mobile phone spam is generally less pervasive than email spam, where in 2010 around 90% of email is spam. The amount of mobile spam varies widely from region to region. In North
America, mobile spam steadily increased after 2008 and accounted for half of all mobile phone traffic by 2019. In parts of Asia up to 30% of messages were spam in 2012.
59:
others. Today, particularly in North
America, most mobile phone spam is sent from mobile devices that have prepaid unlimited messaging rate plans. While the rate plans allow for unlimited messaging, in reality the relatively slow sending rate (on the order of magnitude of 1/s) limits the number of messages that may be sent before an abusing mobile is shut down.
259:
contact with potential personal injury clients. This is the case even in the event that it is not the solicitor who makes the unsolicited approach. The campaign actively encouraged people to respond to the spam text messages. Upon receipt of an offer of legal representation from a solicitor, the person would then report the solicitor to the
237:āimposed limits on text messaging in order to crack down on spam SMS. Under the restrictions, a phone number can send no more than 200 messages per hour and 1000/day on weekdays. In the United States, recipients of SMS spam can file a complaint with the FCC using form 1088G. Phone users in the United Kingdom can use the
58:
The lesser and geographically uneven prevalence of mobile phone spam is attributable to geographic variation of prevalence of mobile vs non-mobile electronic communications, the higher cost (to spammers) of and technological barriers to sending mobile messages in some areas, and to law enforcement in
155:
Fighting SMS spam is complicated by several factors, including the lower rate of SMS spam (compared to more abused services such as
Internet email), which has allowed many users and service providers to ignore the issue, and the limited availability of mobile phone spam-filtering software. Filtering
258:
to rid their industry of text message spam. Their feeling was that the use of unsolicited sms marketing was adding further damage to their industry's already poor reputation. The campaign focused on the fact that, under UK law, it is illegal for a solicitor to obtain business by unsolicited direct
196:
and Three use 87726 and 37726 respectively. It is reported that 1/2 million spam reports in France resulted in the disconnection of 300 spammers, and many more cease-and-desist orders were sent. Some spam defense measures depend on detection, and there are two developments in that area: a GSMA
146:
In 2013, Club
Texting, Inc. petitioned the FCC for a Declaratory Ruling that Text Broadcasters Are Not Senders of Text Messages, and had a private meeting with five FCC staff members to argue their case. This would mean that text broadcasters would no longer be liable for mobile phone spam they
127:
The 2003 TCPA Order (18 FCC Rcd at 14115, para. 165) says: āBoth the statute and our rules prohibit these calls, with limited exceptions, āto any telephone number assigned to a paging service, cellular telephone service, specialized mobile radio service, or other common carrier service, or any
204:
The Open Mobile
Alliance completed its "SpamRep" standard which provides a standardized client-server interface suited for user reporting of mobile email, SMS, MMS and IM spam using a 'This-Is-Spam' button or menu item, as users of wired email systems are now doing. In 2012, responding to the
54:
began to see an increase in the number of unsolicited (and generally unwanted) commercial advertisements being sent to their telephones through text messaging. This can be particularly annoying for the recipient because, unlike in email, some recipients may be charged a fee for every message
245:
and can take action against the sender through the small claims court. The ICO however only have powers to act against SMS spam originating in the UK, and in the event Spam originates outside their jurisdiction they will forward details to an equivalent local regulator if one exists.
208:
Another approach to reducing SMS spam that is offered by some carriers involves creating an alias address rather than using the cell phone's number as a text message address. Only messages sent to the alias are delivered; messages sent to the phone's number are discarded. A
107:
introduced a new proposal titled the
Telephone Robocall Abuse Criminal Enforcement and Deterrence Act (TRACED) to deter criminal robocall violations and improve enforcement which passed the Senate on May 22, 2019 and was signed into law by President Trump in December 2019.
87:. Jurisdictions with specific SMS spam regulation and fines include Australia, the EU, and the United States. In the US, violators face substantial costs. For example, in a 2008 settlement, the violator agreed to pay $ 150 to each spam recipient. In a 2010
263:(SRA) which would then take appropriate action. Ultimately any solicitor found to be guilty on repeated occasions of obtaining customers by unsolicited approaches could have their practicing certificates revoked thereby ending their career as a solicitor.
213:
article provided detailed information on this in 2008. Another countermeasure is to use a service that provides a public phone number and publishes the SMS messages received at that number to a publicly accessible website.
159:
Providers may fear liability should a legitimate message of an emergency nature be blocked. Nonetheless, many providers voluntarily provide their subscribers technical means for mitigating unsolicited SMS messages.
192:
in the UK) allow subscribers to report spam by forwarding the spam messages to short code 7726 (spells SPAM on a traditional phone keypad) (33700 in France, 1909 in India), other UK carriers
933:
511:
222:
text messaging services on a user's account. This extreme solution, however, is satisfactory only for those users who have neither the need nor the desire to utilize SMS at all.
778:
132:
to wireless numbers including, for example, short message service (SMS) calls, provided the call is made to a telephone number assigned to such service.ā (citations omitted).
648:
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425:
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There are several actions and strategies that can help reduce SMS spam. Legal actions can be effective and remunerative. Many carriers (such as
515:
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can be used in this way, but with numbers and messages kept private. most cell phone providers offer the option of completely disabling
782:
803:
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117:
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120:(FCC) released an order in Aug, 2004 that reiterated that SMS spam messages to cellphones are illegal under the existing
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976:
751:
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In
October 2014, a network of solicitors in the UK called PIE (Personal Injury Expert) Lawyers launched a campaign on
121:
634:
405:
540:
260:
825:
315:
Zainal, Kamahazira; Jali, Mohd
Zalisham (2016). Berry, Michael W.; Hj. Mohamed, Azlinah; Yap, Bee Wah (eds.).
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173:
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Mobile phone spam is described as "mobile spamming", "SMS spam", "text spam", "m-spam" or "mspam".
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service for which the called party is charged.ā This encompasses both voice calls and
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323:. Communications in Computer and Information Science. Singapore: Springer: 158ā170.
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50:. As the popularity of mobile phones surged in the early 2000s, frequent users of
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779:"GSMA to Address Spam and Fraudulent Messaging Threats for Consumers ~ GSM World"
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317:"A Review of Feature Extraction Optimization in SMS Spam Messages Classification"
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involves tricking users into revealing confidential information and is a type of
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404:$ 150 Per Text Paid to Timberland Text Getters from Lawsuit (2008-09-23).
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752:"GSMA Launches SMS Spam Reporting Service - PCWorld Business Center"
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303:"Nearly half of cellphone calls will be scams by 2019, report says"
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68:
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588:"Trump signs the TRACED Act, the first federal anti-robocall law"
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24:
38:(unsolicited messages, especially advertising), directed at the
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457:
https://digital.lib.washington.edu/dspace-law/handle/1773.1/450
406:"($ 150 Per Text Paid to Timberland Text Getters from Lawsuit)"
83:
SMS spam is illegal under common law in many jurisdictions as
1271:
1030:
447:
Pimental v. Google (N.D. Cal 2011; Case No. 11-cv-02585-YGR)
940:
UK law on unsolicited text messages and how to take action
150:
949:
944:
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663:"Disco text settlement - Great Words For Better Life"
610:"Slashdot | SMS Cellphone Spam Declared Illegal"
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pilot spam reporting program, and the development of
111:
894:"Form 1088G : Wireless Communications Device"
78:
950:Telephone numbers of known spam in United Kingdom
873:"China take steps to deal with SMS spam messages"
384:"Timberland pays $ 7m to settle SMS spam lawsuit"
1331:
945:Telephone numbers of known spam in United States
438:Lozano v. Twentieth Century Fox (N.D. Ill. 2011)
804:"Mobile Spam Reporting Technical Specification"
459:Mobile Marketing Derailed, pg. 42 (PDF pg. 10)
970:
16:Unwanted communication through a mobile phone
699:"What YOU can do to control cell phone spam"
424:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
362:"... mBlox has paid a penalty of A$ 11,000"
305:, "The Washington Post", September 19, 2019
225:In June 2009, three major Chinese carriersā
977:
963:
314:
470:"New Rule Prohibiting Unwanted Robocalls"
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691:
18:
843:
817:
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249:
151:Factors complicating SMS spam reduction
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934:iDA Singapore :mTouche Fined $ 150,000
918:http://esupport.fcc.gov/complaints.htm
537:"Mobile SMS Spam Banned in California"
472:. Federal Trade Commission. 2009-08-28
381:
118:U.S. Federal Communications Commission
958:
823:
771:
42:or other communications services of
886:
851:"JunkSMS.com - Temporary SMS Inbox"
727:"Text Message (SMS) Spam Reporting"
631:"Sending unsolicited text messages"
493:. Federal Communications Commission
13:
1164:Distributed Checksum Clearinghouse
870:
585:
14:
1356:
1149:Challengeāresponse spam filtering
986:Unsolicited digital communication
911:
574:"Senate Passes Anti-Robocall Bill
122:Telephone Consumer Protection Act
112:Enforcement in small claims court
23:Spam on the display screen of a
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79:Criminality and law enforcement
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321:Soft Computing in Data Science
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62:
1:
928:Clampdown on missed call scam
826:"How to Block Cellphone Spam"
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91:settlement of Satterfield v.
781:. 2010-03-24. Archived from
329:10.1007/978-981-10-2777-2_14
7:
923:How to block cellphone spam
824:Pogue, David (2008-06-12).
576:", "The Hill", May 23, 2019
382:Leyden, John (2008-09-23).
266:
75:through mobile phone spam.
10:
1361:
1184:Naive Bayes spam filtering
731:T-Mobile Support Community
612:. slashdot.org. 2004-08-13
239:Information Commissioner's
163:
1285:
1207:
1134:
1064:
1001:
992:
512:"WAIS Document Retrieval"
491:"FCC Consumer Complaints"
1159:Disposable email address
1021:Directory harvest attack
706:AT&T Consumer Guide
351:Compuserve v Cyberpromo
188:, T-Mobile, Orange and
806:. Open Mobile Alliance
28:
871:Le, Yu (2009-06-12).
667:Disco text settlement
22:
1169:Email authentication
561:"S.151 - TRACED Act"
250:Pro-active campaigns
199:Open Mobile Alliance
93:Simon & Schuster
85:trespass to chattels
1016:Bulk email software
586:Condon, Stephanie.
830:The New York Times
273:Mobile advertising
29:
1327:
1326:
1154:Context filtering
1130:
1129:
338:978-981-10-2777-2
32:Mobile phone spam
1352:
1295:Advance-fee scam
1242:Keyword stuffing
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633:. Archived from
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563:, "Congress.Gov"
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539:. Archived from
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1307:Make Money Fast
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1277:URL redirection
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1011:Address munging
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184:in the US; and
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637:on 2015-12-08.
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386:. The Register
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785:on 2014-08-09
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44:mobile phones
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34:is a form of
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27:mobile phone.
26:
21:
1300:Lottery scam
1257:Scraper site
1227:Doorway page
1097:Mobile phone
1096:
1077:Cold calling
897:. Retrieved
888:
877:. Retrieved
866:
854:. Retrieved
845:
833:. Retrieved
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819:
808:. Retrieved
798:
787:. Retrieved
783:the original
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761:. Retrieved
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734:. Retrieved
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709:. Retrieved
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670:. Retrieved
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635:the original
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614:. Retrieved
604:
592:. Retrieved
581:
568:
556:
545:. Retrieved
541:the original
531:
520:. Retrieved
516:the original
506:
495:. Retrieved
485:
474:. Retrieved
464:
452:
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434:
409:. Retrieved
399:
388:. Retrieved
377:
366:. Retrieved
364:. 2008-10-30
356:
347:
320:
310:
297:
256:social media
253:
241:complaints
235:China Unicom
227:China Mobile
224:
219:
216:Google Voice
207:
203:
167:
158:
154:
145:
142:Legalization
135:
134:
129:
126:
115:
101:Roger Wicker
89:class action
82:
66:
57:
31:
30:
1262:Social spam
1174:Greylisting
1144:Client-side
1072:Auto dialer
930:, BBC News.
856:January 15,
835:January 13,
278:Phone fraud
63:Terminology
48:smartphones
1334:Categories
1267:Spam blogs
1232:Forum spam
1209:Spamdexing
1082:Flyposting
1041:Image spam
1003:Email spam
899:8 December
879:2009-06-14
810:2012-06-19
789:2014-07-28
763:13 January
736:8 December
711:8 December
616:2010-11-20
594:January 2,
547:2010-11-20
522:2010-11-20
497:2010-11-20
476:2010-11-20
411:2010-11-20
390:2010-11-20
368:2010-11-20
289:References
147:conveyed.
130:text calls
97:John Thune
25:Vietnamese
1247:Link farm
1217:Blog spam
1136:Anti-spam
1102:Newsgroup
1092:Messaging
994:Protocols
875:. Reuters
136:In the UK
105:Ed Markey
1340:Spamming
1312:Phishing
1222:Cloaking
1199:Spamhaus
1107:Robocall
1087:Junk fax
757:PC World
672:24 April
420:cite web
267:See also
194:Vodafone
174:T-Mobile
170:AT&T
73:phishing
69:SMiShing
1194:SpamCop
1112:Spambot
1056:Spambot
1046:Joe job
687:page 23
590:. ZDNet
283:Wangiri
178:Verizon
164:Defense
649:"ECFS"
572:Emily
335:
182:Sprint
1317:Voice
1272:Sping
1189:SORBS
1065:Other
1031:DNSWL
1026:DNSBL
702:(PDF)
1122:VoIP
901:2012
858:2011
837:2011
765:2011
738:2012
713:2012
674:2018
596:2020
426:link
333:ISBN
243:page
233:and
180:and
116:The
103:and
36:spam
325:doi
220:all
46:or
1336::
828:.
754:.
729:.
704:.
665:.
422:}}
418:{{
331:.
319:.
229:,
190:O2
186:EE
176:,
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978:e
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
