Text messaging - Knowledge

1234:. However, it makes the messages longer, often requiring the text message to be sent in multiple parts and, therefore, costing more to send. The use of text messaging has changed the way that people talk and write essays, some believing it to be harmful. Children today are receiving cell phones at an age as young as eight years old; more than 35 per cent of children in second and third grade have their own mobile phones. Because of this, the texting language is integrated into the way that students think from an earlier age than ever before. In November 2006, New Zealand Qualifications Authority approved the move that allowed students of secondary schools to use mobile phone text language in the end-of-the-year-exam papers. Highly publicized reports, beginning in 2002, of the use of text language in school assignments, caused some to become concerned that the quality of written communication is on the decline, and other reports claim that teachers and professors are beginning to have a hard time controlling the problem. However, the notion that text language is widespread or harmful is refuted by research from linguistic experts. 1000:

relationships in which they maintain particular, partial, but rich relations, depending on the situation". The same studies showed participants rated friendships in which they communicated face-to-face and through text messaging as being more intimate than those in which they communicated solely face-to-face. This indicates participants make new relationships with face-to-face communication at an early stage, but use text messaging to increase their contact later on. As the relationships between participants grew more intimate, the frequency of text messaging also increased. However, short messaging has been largely rendered obsolete by the prevalence of mobile Internet e-mail, which can be sent to and received from any e-mail address, mobile or otherwise. That said, while usually presented to the user simply as a uniform "mail" service (and most users are unaware of the distinction), the operators may still internally transmit the content as short messages, especially if the destination is on the same network.

1759:. In January 2001, Joseph Estrada was forced to resign from the post of president of the Philippines. The popular campaign against him was widely reported to have been coordinated with SMS chain letters. A massive texting campaign was credited with boosting youth turnout in Spain's 2004 parliamentary elections. In 2008, Detroit Mayor Kwame Kilpatrick and his Chief of Staff at the time became entangled in a sex scandal stemming from the exchange of over 14,000 text messages that eventually led to his forced resignation, the conviction of perjury, and other charges. Text messaging has been used to turn down other political leaders. During the 2004 U.S. Democratic and Republican National Conventions, protesters used an SMS-based organizing tool called TXTmob to get to opponents. In the last day before the 2004 presidential elections in Romania, a message against 1018:

quickly exploited the feature to communicate for free instead of using voice calls, which they would be charged for. After telephone companies realized this trend, they began charging for SMS. The rate across networks is 1 peso per SMS (about US$ 0.023). Even after users were charged for SMS, it remained cheap, about one-tenth of the price of a voice call. This low price led to about five million Filipinos owning a cell phone by 2001. Because of the highly social nature of Philippine culture and the affordability of SMS compared to voice calls, SMS usage shot up. Filipinos used texting not only for social messages but also for political purposes, as it allowed the Filipinos to express their opinions on current events and political issues. It became a powerful tool for Filipinos in promoting or denouncing issues and was a key factor during the 2001

1336:(2009) found that those young adults who used more language-based textisms (shortcuts such as LOL, 2nite, etc.) in daily writing produced worse formal writing than those young adults who used fewer linguistic textisms in daily writing. However, the exact opposite was true for informal writing. This suggests that perhaps the act of using textisms to shorten communication words leads young adults to produce more informal writing, which may then help them to be better "informal" writers. Due to text messaging, teens are writing more, and some teachers see that this comfort with language can be harnessed to make better writers. This new form of communication may be encouraging students to put their thoughts and feelings into words and this may be able to be used as a bridge, to get them more interested in formal writing. 1424:

New York from Rentrak's chief client officer when discussing time spent with media and various media usage metrics. Text messaging among pedestrians leads to increased cognitive distraction and reduced situation awareness, and may lead to increases in unsafe behaviour leading to injury and death. Recent studies conducted on cell phone use while walking showed that cell phone users recall fewer objects when conversing, walk slower, have altered gait and are more unsafe when crossing a street. Additionally, some gait analyses showed that stance phase during overstepping motion, longitudinal and lateral deviation increased during cell phone operation, but step length and clearance did not; a different analysis did find increased step clearance and reduced step length.

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that they had received a sexually explicit picture. Of those receiving such a picture, over 25 per cent indicated that they had forwarded it to others. In addition, of those who had sent a sexually explicit picture, over a third had done so despite believing that there could be serious legal and other consequences if they got caught. Students who had sent a picture by cell phone were more likely than others to find the activity acceptable. The authors conclude: "These results argue for educational efforts such as cell phone safety assemblies, awareness days, integration into class curriculum and teacher training, designed to raise awareness about the potential consequences of sexting among young people."

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a professor that either contained text-messaging abbreviations (gr8, How R U?) or parallel text in standard English (great, How are you?), and then provided impressions of the sender. Students who used abbreviations in their email were perceived as having a less favorable personality and as putting forth less effort on an essay they submitted along with the email. Specifically, abbreviation users were seen as less intelligent, responsible, motivated, studious, dependable, and hard-working. These findings suggest that the nature of a student's email communication can influence how others perceive the student and their work.

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voice plan. As a comparison, a one-minute phone call uses up the same amount of network capacity as 600 text messages, meaning that if the same cost-per-traffic formula were applied to phone calls, cell phone calls would cost $ 120 per minute. With service providers gaining more customers and expanding their capacity, their overhead costs should be decreasing, not increasing. In 2005, text messaging generated nearly 70 billion dollars in revenue, as reported by Gartner, industry analysts, three times as much as Hollywood box office sales in 2005. World figures showed that over a trillion text messages were sent in 2005.

1719: 466:. As of 2007, text messaging was the most widely used mobile data service, with 74% of all mobile phone users worldwide, or 2.4 billion out of 3.3 billion phone subscribers, being active users of the Short Message Service at the end of 2007. In countries such as Finland, Sweden, and Norway, over 85% of the population used SMS. The European average was about 80%, and North America was rapidly catching up, with over 60% active users of SMS by end of 2008. The largest average usage of the service by mobile phone subscribers occurs in the Philippines, with an average of 27 texts sent per day per subscriber. 413:) – a 1,000-foot range picocell, but it survived. American Personal Communications (APC), the first GSM carrier in America, provided the first text-messaging service in the United States. Sprint Telecommunications Venture, a partnership of Sprint Corp. and three large cable-TV companies, owned 49 percent of APC. The Sprint venture was the largest single buyer at a government-run spectrum auction that raised $ 7.7 billion in 2005 for PCS licenses. APC operated under the brand name Sprint Spectrum and launched its service on 15 November 1995, in Washington, D.C., and Baltimore, Maryland. Vice President 486: 1442:, who conducted a similar study. For example, texting pedestrians may fail to notice unusual events in their environment, such as a unicycling clown. These findings suggest that tasks that require the allocation of cognitive resources can affect visual attention even when the task itself does not require the participants to avert their eyes from their environment. The act of texting itself seems to impair pedestrians' visual awareness. It appears that the distraction produced by texting is a combination of both a cognitive and visual perceptual distraction. A study conducted by Licence 1322:, abbreviations, acronyms, etc. The feeling of individualism and freedom makes texting more popular and a more efficient way to communicate. Crystal has also been quoted in saying that "In a logical world, text messaging should not have survived." But text messaging didn't just come out of nowhere. It originally began as a messaging system that would send out emergency information. But it gained immediate popularity with the public. What followed is the SMS we see today, which is a very quick and efficient way of sharing information from person to person. Work by 849: 1635:, Netherlands, started an SMS alert program, in which they would send a message to ask citizens to be vigilant when a burglar was on the loose or a child was missing in their neighbourhood. Several thieves have been caught and children have been found using the SMS Alerts. The service has been expanding to other cities. A Malaysian–Australian company has released a multi-layer SMS security program. Boston police are now turning to text messaging to help stop crime. The Boston Police Department asks citizens to send texts to make anonymous crime tips. 1804:

individual participants data meta analysis from 3,779 participants reported that mobile phone text messaging could improve blood pressure and body mass index. Another study in people with type 2 diabetes showed that participants were willing to pay a modest amount to receive a diabetes text messaging program in addition to standard care. "One survey found that 73% of physicians text other physicians about work- similar to the overall percentage of the population that texts." A 2006 study of reminder messages sent to children and adolescents with

475: 8807: 54: 800:, in which two applications automatically communicate with each other. Incident alerts are also common, and staff communications are also another use for B2B scenarios. Businesses can use SMS for time-critical alerts, updates, and reminders, mobile campaigns, content and entertainment applications. Mobile interaction can also be used for consumer-to-business interactions, such as media voting and competitions, and consumer-to-consumer interaction, for example, with mobile social networking, chatting and dating. 1378: 898:

on TV. Chats are always moderated, which prevents users from sending offensive material to the channel. The craze evolved into quizzes and strategy games and then faster-paced games designed for television and SMS control. Games require users to register their nicknames and send short messages to control a character onscreen. Messages usually cost 0.05 to 0.86 Euro apiece, and games can require the player to send dozens of messages. In December 2003, a Finnish TV channel,

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they have electronically sent, or posted online, nude or semi-nude images of themselves. One-third (33 per cent) of teen boys and one-quarter (25 per cent) of teen girls say they were shown private nude or semi-nude images. According to the survey, sexually suggestive messages (text, e-mail, and instant messaging) were even more common than images, with 39 per cent of teens having sent or posted such messages, and half of the teens (50 per cent) having received them.

401:), also launched SMS text messaging in 1995 and the two networks offered cross-network SMS functionality, Finland became the first nation where SMS text messaging was offered on a competitive as well as a commercial basis. GSM was allowed in the United States, but the radio frequencies were blocked and awarded to US "Carriers" to use US technology, which limited development of mobile messaging services in the US. The GSM in the US had to use a frequency allocated for 9891: 8818: 1428:

interfere with working memory and result in walking errors. Their study demonstrated that participants engaged in text messaging were unable to maintain walking speed or retain accurate spatial information, suggesting an inability to adequately divide their attention between two tasks. According to them, the addition of texting while walking with vision occluded increases the demands placed on the working memory system resulting in gait disruptions.

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credits. Recently, premium messaging companies have come under fire from consumer groups due to a large number of consumers racking up huge phone bills. A new type of free-premium or hybrid-premium content has emerged with the launch of text-service websites. These sites allow registered users to receive free text messages when items they are interested in go on sale, or when new items are introduced. An alternative to inbound SMS is based on

1088: 1704:, who utilized contractors and front companies in the Cayman Islands, Spain and Ireland. A longer-term objective was to organize "smart mobs" that might "renegotiate the balance of power between the state and society." A database about the subscribers was created, including gender, age, and "political tendencies". At its peak ZunZuneo had 40,000 Cuban users, but the service closed as financially unsustainable when U.S. funding was stopped. 206: 9901: 1606:(2013) asked 150 undergraduate students to rate the appropriateness of using textisms in a given scenario on a scale of one to five – five being entirely appropriate and one being not at all. All but eleven of the students rated the use of textisms in exams and typed assignments as "not at all appropriate", showing that the students are aware of how they must adapt their written language and tone depending on the context. Grace 877:

around 35–40 SMS messages per month. In each of these countries, the cost of sending an SMS message varied from €0.04–0.23, depending on the payment plan (with many contractual plans including all or several texts for free). In the United Kingdom, text messages are charged between £0.05–0.12. Curiously, France did not take to SMS in the same way, sending just under 20 messages on average per user per month. France has the same

956:" services offer the instant connectivity of SMS and are typically unlimited. The integration between competing providers and technologies necessary for cross-network text messaging was not initially available. Some providers originally charged extra for texting, reducing its appeal. In the third quarter of 2006, at least 12 billion text messages were sent on AT&T's network, up almost 15% from the preceding quarter. 9880: 8795: 1546:

send and receive texts during lectures at high rates. Further, published research has established that students who text during college lectures have impaired memories of the lecture material compared to students who do not. For example, in one study, the number of irrelevant text messages sent and received during a lecture covering the topic of developmental psychology was related to students' memory of the lecture.

1534: 1883: 9911: 562:, provided up to 2000 SMS messages for NZ$ 10 per month. Users on these plans sent on average 1500 SMS messages every month. Text messaging became so popular that advertising agencies and advertisers jumped into the text messaging business. Services that provide bulk text message sending are also becoming a popular way for clubs, associations, and advertisers to reach a group of opt-in subscribers quickly. 2121:

his seat and miss the event in order to report something important. Also, disruptive fans can be reported with relative anonymity. "Text tattling" also gives security personnel a useful tool to prioritize messages. For instance, a single complaint in one section about an unruly fan can be addressed when convenient, while multiple complaints by several different patrons can be acted upon immediately.

1026:, who was eventually found guilty of corruption. According to 2009 statistics, there were about 72 million mobile service subscriptions (roughly 80% of the Filipino population), with around 1.39 billion SMS messages being sent daily. Because of the large number of text messages being sent, the Philippines became known as the "text capital of the world" during the late 1990s until the early 2000s. 1865:, Lynne Lancaster and David Stillman note that younger Americans often do not consider it rude to answer their cell or begin texting in the middle of a face-to-face conversation with someone else, while older people, less used to the behavior and the accompanying lack of eye contact or attention, find this to be disruptive and ill-mannered. With regard to texting in the workplace, 1812:. Where messages could be saved to a phone indefinitely, patient information could be subject to theft or loss, and could be seen by other unauthorized persons. The HIPAA privacy rule requires that any text message involving a medical decision must be available for the patient to access, meaning that any texts that are not documented in an EMR system could be a HIPAA violation. 1928:). In 2005, UCAN brought a case against Sprint for spamming its customers and charging $ 0.10 per text message. The case was settled in 2006 with Sprint agreeing not to send customers Sprint advertisements via SMS. SMS expert Acision (formerly LogicaCMG Telecoms) reported a new type of SMS malice at the end of 2006, noting the first instances of SMiShing (a cousin to e-mail 1009:

was routine that the People's Republic of China government monitored text messages across the country for illegal content. Among Chinese migrant workers with little formal education, it is common to refer to SMS manuals when text messaging. These manuals are published as cheap, smaller-than-pocket-size booklets that offer diverse linguistic phrases to utilize as messages.

1363:. According to Plester, Wood and Joshi and their research done on the study of 88 British 10–12-year-old children and their knowledge of text messages, "textisms are essentially forms of phonetic abbreviation" that show that "to produce and read such abbreviations arguably requires a level of phonological awareness (and orthographic awareness) in the child concerned". 1610:(2010) went further, observing hundreds of academic papers from previous undergraduate students' exams, only to find that out of 533,500 words, a mere 0.02% were textisms. They owe this to the fact that the more accumulated experience a student has, the more they are able to understand when the "appropriate" and "inappropriate" times to use such language is. 1677:). The volume of such text messages and e-mails also increased in the wake of the riot. The crowd of 5,000 at stages became violent, attacking certain ethnic groups. Sutherland Shire Mayor directly blamed heavily circulated SMS messages for the unrest. NSW police considered whether people could be charged over the texting. Retaliatory attacks also used SMS. 772:(FINRA). In Regulatory Notice 07-59, FINRA noted that "electronic communications", "e-mail", and "electronic correspondence" may be used interchangeably and can include such forms of electronic messaging as instant messaging and text messaging. Industry has had to develop new technology to allow companies to archive their employees' text messages. 1301:, pronounced ataf, meaning "to me". In character-based languages such as Chinese and Japanese, numbers are assigned syllables based on the shortened form of the pronunciation of the number, sometimes the English pronunciation of the number. In this way, numbers alone can be used to communicate whole passages, such as in Chinese, "8807701314520" ( 1542:

for receiving emailed exam answers on their mobile phones. The number of students caught using mobile phones to cheat on exams has increased significantly in recent years. According to Okada (2005), most Japanese mobile phones can send and receive long text messages of between 250 and 3000 characters with graphics, video, audio, and Web links.

172:, and unlike calls (in which the caller hopes to speak directly with the recipient), texting does not require the caller and recipient to both be free at the same moment; this permits communication even between busy individuals. Text messages can also be used to interact with automated systems, for example, to order products or services from 74: 1681:

people to be aware of the power of SMS and the Internet. In Hong Kong, government officials find that text messaging helps socially because they can send multiple texts to the community. Officials say it is an easy way of contacting the community or individuals for meetings or events. Texting was used to coordinate gatherings during the

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communicated to others and successfully implemented. Also, this move encouraged the military to withdraw their support from the regime, and as a result, the Estrada government fell. People were able to converge and unite with the use of their cell phones. "The rapid assembly of the anti-Estrada crowd was a hallmark of early

2154:. Parents/employers can set a maximum range from a fixed location after which a "tattle text" is sent. Not only can this keep children close to home and keep employees from using corporate vehicles inappropriately, but it can also be a crucial tool for quickly identifying stolen vehicles, car jackings, and kidnappings. 705:. SMS messaging gateway providers can provide gateway-to-mobile (Mobile Terminated–MT) services. Some suppliers can also supply mobile-to-gateway (text-in or Mobile Originated/MO services). Many operate text-in services on short codes or mobile number ranges, whereas others use lower-cost geographic text-in numbers. 780:), which are common in IT contracts. By providing measurable SLAs, corporations can define reliability parameters and set up a high quality of their services. Just one of many SMS applications that have proven highly popular and successful in the financial services industry is mobile receipts. In January 2009, 1407:. The experiment found that texting while driving was more dangerous than being drunk. While being legally drunk added 4 feet to Alterman's stopping distance while going 70 mph (110 km/h), reading an e-mail on a phone added 36 feet (11 m), and sending a text message added 70 feet (21 m). 960:

over the years as the price has gone down to an average of $ 0.10 per text sent and received. To convince more customers to buy unlimited text messaging plans, some major cellphone providers have increased the price to send and receive text messages from $ .15 to $ .20 per message. This is over $ 1,300 per

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Many sports arenas now offer a number where patrons can text report security concerns, like drunk or unruly fans, or safety issues like spills. These programs have been praised by patrons and security personnel as more effective than traditional methods. For instance, the patron doesn't need to leave

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While text messaging is still a growing market, traditional SMS is becoming increasingly challenged by alternative messaging services which are available on smartphones with data connections. These services are much cheaper and offer more functionality like exchanging multimedia content (e.g. photos,

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When a student sends an email that contains phonetic abbreviations and acronyms that are common in text messaging (e.g., "gr8" instead of "great"), it can influence how that student is subsequently evaluated. In a study by Lewandowski and Harrington (2006), participants read a student's email sent to

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Transportation Institute released the results of an 18-month study that involved placing cameras inside the cabs of more than 100 long-haul trucks, which recorded the drivers over a combined driving distance of three million miles. The study concluded that when the drivers were texting, their risk of

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The advent of text messaging made possible new forms of interaction that were not possible before. A person could carry out a conversation with another user without the constraint of being expected to reply within a short amount of time and without needing to set time aside to engage in conversation.

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Text messaging has historically been popular and cheap in China. About 700 billion messages were sent in 2007. Text message spam has also been a problem in China. In 2007, 353.8 billion spam messages were sent, up 93% from the previous year. It is about 12.44 messages per week per person. In 2010, it

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messaging providers to support texting to 911. In Asia, SMS is used for tsunami warnings and in Europe, SMS is used to inform individuals of imminent disasters. Since the location of a handset is known, systems can alert everyone in an area that the events have made impossible to pass through e.g. an

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settings on individual handsets to use the SMSCs of other operators. Over time, this issue was eliminated by switch billing instead of billing at the SMSC and by new features within SMSCs that allowed the blocking of foreign mobile users sending messages through them. SMS is available on a wide range

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is based on this, it made its way to the mobile phone. Messages could be sent and received on ISDN phones, and these can send SMS to any GSM phone. The possibility of doing something is one thing; implementing it is another, but systems existed in 1988 that sent SMS messages to mobile phones (compare

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In this context, "tattle texting" refers to an automatic text sent by the computer in an automobile, because a preset condition was met. The most common use for this is for parents to receive texts from the car their child is driving, alerting them to speeding or other issues. Employers can also use

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mobile phones have an option to beep "S M S" in Morse code when it receives a short message. Some of these phones could also play the Nokia slogan "Connecting people" in Morse code as a message tone. There are third-party applications available for some mobile phones that allow Morse input for short

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In England, 287 school and college students were excluded from exams in 2004 for using mobile phones during exams. Some teachers and professors claim that advanced texting features can lead to students cheating on exams. Students in high school and college classrooms are using their mobile phones to

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In 2009, it was predicted that text messaging would become a key revenue driver for mobile network operators in Africa over the following couple of years. Today, text messaging is already slowly gaining influence in the African market. One such person used text messaging to spread the word about HIV

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providers facilitate the SMS traffic between businesses and mobile subscribers, being mainly responsible for carrying mission-critical messages, SMS for enterprises, content delivery and entertainment services involving SMS, e.g., TV voting. Considering SMS messaging performance and cost, as well as

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In some countries, text messages can be used to contact emergency services. In the UK, text messages can be used to call emergency services only after registering with the emergency SMS service. This service is primarily aimed at people who, because of disability, are unable to make a voice call. It

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depending on the region. It may simply be referred to as a "text" in North America, the United Kingdom, Australia, New Zealand, and the Philippines; an "SMS" in most of mainland Europe; or an "MMS" or "SMS" in the Middle East, Africa, and Asia. The sender of a text message is commonly referred to as

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Text messages are used for personal, family, business, and social purposes. Governmental and non-governmental organizations use text messaging for communication between colleagues. In the 2010s, the sending of short informal messages became an accepted part of many cultures, as happened earlier with

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has a world record for text messaging, currently held by Sonja Kristiansen of Norway. Kristiansen keyed in the official text message, as established by Guinness, in 37.28 seconds. The message is, "The razor-toothed piranhas of the genera Serrasalmus and Pygocentrus are the most ferocious freshwater

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individuals, or forwarding texts that contain defamatory content is an issue of great concern for parents and schools. Text "bullying" of this sort can cause distress and damage reputations. In some cases, individuals who are bullied online have committed suicide. Harding and Rosenberg (2005) argue

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Text messaging has affected students academically by creating an easier way to cheat on exams. In December 2002, a dozen students were caught cheating on an accounting exam through the use of text messages on their mobile phones. In December 2002, Hitotsubashi University in Japan failed 26 students

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Department of Psychology by Donald S. Strassberg, Ryan Kelly McKinnon, Michael Sustaíta and Jordan Rullo. They surveyed 606 teenagers ages 14–18 and found that nearly 20 per cent of the students said they had sent a sexually explicit image of themselves via cell phone, and nearly twice as many said

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Although sexting often takes place consensually between two people, it can also occur against the wishes of a person who is the subject of the content. A number of instances have been reported in which the recipients of sexting have shared the content of the messages with others, with less intimate

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Due to the proliferation of smart phone applications performed while walking, "texting while walking" or "wexting" is the increasing practice of people being transfixed to their mobile device without looking in any direction but their personal screen while walking. First coined reference in 2015 in

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SMS was introduced to selected markets in the Philippines in 1995. In 1998, Philippine mobile service providers launched SMS more widely across the country, with initial television marketing campaigns targeting hearing-impaired users. The service was initially free with subscriptions, but Filipinos

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Mobile service providers in Finland offered contracts in which users can send 1000 text messages a month for €10. In Finland, which has very high mobile phone ownership rates, some TV channels began "SMS chat", which involved sending short messages to a phone number, and the messages would be shown

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Security, confidentiality, reliability, and speed of SMS are among the most important guarantees industries such as financial services, energy and commodities trading, health care and enterprises demand in their mission-critical procedures. One way to guarantee such a quality of text messaging lies

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have led to a decline in the use of SMS in parts of the world. A survey conducted by MetrixLabs showed that 63% of Baby Boomers, 63% of Generation X, and 67% of Generation Y said that they used instant messengers in place of texting. A Facebook survey showed that 65% of people surveyed thought that

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0.20 and $ 0.25 to send (some prepaid services charge $ 0.01 between their own phones), compared with a voice call, which costs somewhere between $ 0.40 and $ 2.00 per minute (commonly charged in half-minute blocks). The service is enormously profitable to the service providers. At a typical length

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laws at the network operator cannot be decrypted even if one of the devices is compromised. A problem with this approach is that communicating devices needs to run compatible software. Failure rates without backward notification can be high between carriers. International texting can be unreliable

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Experts have advised business users not to use consumer SMS for confidential communication. The contents of common SMS messages are known to the network operator's systems and personnel. Therefore, consumer SMS is not an appropriate technology for secure communications. To address this issue, many

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language of text messaging contributes to being less accepting of words. In contrast, Lee found that students with more exposure to traditional print media (such as books and magazines) were more accepting of both real and fictitious words. The thesis, which garnered international media attention,

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While texting is mainly popular among people from 13 to 22 years old, it is also increasing among adults and business users. The age that a child receives their first cell phone has also decreased, making text messaging a popular way of communicating. The number of texts sent in the US has gone up

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In the U.S., SMS is often charged both at the sender and at the destination, but, unlike phone calls, it cannot be rejected or dismissed. The reasons for lower uptake than other countries are varied. Many users have unlimited "mobile-to-mobile" minutes, high monthly minute allotments, or unlimited

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meaning the act of mobile phone users sending short messages back and forth) has entered the common lexicon. In 2012, young Asians considered SMS as the most popular mobile phone application. In the same year, 50 percent of American teens send 50 text messages or more per day, making it their most

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Elliot Nicholls of Dunedin, New Zealand currently holds the world record for the fastest blindfolded text messaging. A record of a 160-letter text in 45 seconds while blindfolded was set on 17 November 2007, beating the old record of 1-minute 26 seconds set by an Italian in September 2006. Andrew

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in size, this cost scales to a cost of $ 1,310 per megabyte sent via text message. This is in sharp contrast with the price of unlimited data plans offered by the same carriers, which allow the transmission of hundreds of megabytes of data for monthly prices of about $ 15 to $ 45 in addition to a

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has spurred several articles with the "do's and dont's" regarding the new form of communication. One example from the site is: "Keep your message brief. No one wants to have an entire conversation with you by texting when you could just call him or her instead." Another example is: "Don't use all

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Texting etiquette refers to what is considered appropriate texting behaviour. These expectations may concern different areas, such as the context in which a text was sent and received/read, who each participant was with when the participant sent or received/read a text message or what constitutes

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A 2008 survey by The National Campaign to Prevent Teen and Unplanned Pregnancy and CosmoGirl.com suggested a trend of sexting and other seductive online content being readily shared between teens. One in five teen girls surveyed (22 per cent)—and 11 per cent of teen girls aged 13–16 years old—say

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and Any Question Answered have used the PSMS model to enable rapid response to mobile consumers' questions, using on-call teams of experts and researchers. In November 2013, amidst complaints about unsolicited charges on bills, major mobile carriers in the US agreed to stop billing for PSMS in 45

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It has been a very influential and powerful tool in the Philippines, where in 2008 the average user sent 10–12 text messages a day. The same year, the Philippines alone sent on average over 1 billion text messages a day, more than the annual average SMS volume of the countries in Europe, and even

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1984 Sitting at a typewriter at his home in Bonn, Germany, Friedhelm Hillebrand types random sentences and questions, counting every letter, number, and space. Almost every time, the messages amount to fewer than 160 characters — what would become the limit of early text messages — and thus the

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The Narre Warren Incident, when a group of 500 party goers attended a party at Narre Warren in Melbourne, Australia, and rioted in January 2008, also was a response of communication being spread by SMS and Myspace. Following the incident, the Police Commissioner wrote an open letter asking young

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supported some of these findings, particularly that those who text while walking significantly alter their gait. However, they also found that the gait pattern texters adopted was slower and more "protective", and consequently did not increase obstacle contact or tripping in a typical pedestrian

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more than £600 million ($ 980 million) a year. SMS messages are thought to be more cost-effective, swifter to deliver, and more likely to receive a faster response than letters. A 2012 study by Sims and colleagues examined the outcomes of 24,709 outpatient appointments scheduled in mental health

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Initial growth of text messaging worldwide was slow, with customers in 1995 sending on average only 0,4 messages per GSM customer per month. One factor in the slow take-up of SMS was that operators were slow to set up charging systems, especially for prepaid subscribers, and to eliminate billing

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among young people (classified as 13- to 30-year-olds). They theorized this age group had extensive but low-quality relationships with friends, and mobile phone usage may facilitate improvement in the quality of their relationships. They concluded this age group prefers "selective interpersonal

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In 2003, Europe followed next behind Asia in terms of the popularity of the use of SMS. That year, an average of 16 billion messages were sent each month. Users in Spain sent a little more than fifty messages per month on average in 2003. In Italy, Germany and the United Kingdom, the figure was

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mobile phone users through SMS prompted cellular-service carriers to take steps against the practice, before it became a widespread problem. No major spamming incidents involving SMS had been reported as of March 2007, but the existence of mobile phone spam has been noted by industry watchdogs

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states that texters in all eleven languages use "lol" ("laughing out loud"), "u", "brb" ("be right back"), and "gr8" ("great"), all English-based shorthands. The use of pictograms and logograms in texts are present in every language. They shorten words by using symbols to represent the word or

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Group texts involve more than two users. They are often used when it is helpful to message many people at once, such as inviting multiple people to an event or arranging groups. They are also used in business for marketing and other customer notifications as well as intracompany communication.

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Outside the United States, premium short messages have been used for "real-world" services. For example, some vending machines now allow payment by sending a premium-rated short message, so that the cost of the item bought is added to the user's phone bill or subtracted from the user's prepaid

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SMS has been widely used for delivering digital content, such as news alerts, financial information, pictures, GIFs, logos and ringtones. Such messages are also known as premium-rated short messages (PSMS). The subscribers are charged extra for receiving this premium content, and the amount is

500:

Text messaging is most often used between private mobile phone users, as a substitute for voice calls in situations where voice communication is impossible or undesirable (e.g., during a school class or a work meeting). Texting is also used to communicate very brief messages, such as informing

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peaceful demonstrations that have toppled the Marcos regime. These people have organized themselves and coordinated their actions through text messaging. They were able to bring down a government without having to use any weapons or violence. Through text messaging, their plans and ideas were

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It is unclear which processes may be affected by distraction, which types of distraction may affect which cognitive processes, and how individual differences may affect the influence of distraction. Lamberg and Muratori believe that engaging in a dual-task, such as texting while walking, may

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Text messaging is a rapidly growing trend in Healthcare. A randomized controlled trial of text messaging intervention for diabetes in Bangladesh was one of the first robust trials to report improvement in diabetes management in a low-and-middle income country. A recent systematic review and

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of only 190 bytes (including protocol overhead), more than 350 of these messages per minute can be transmitted at the same data rate as a usual voice call (9 kbit/s). There are also free SMS services available, which are often sponsored, that allow sending and receiving SMS from a

1180:, where users would abbreviate some words to allow a response to be typed more quickly, though the amount of time saved was often inconsequential. However, this became much more pronounced in SMS, where mobile phone users either have a numeric keyboard (with older cellphones) or a small 353:(SS7). Under SS7, it is a "state" with 160 characters of data, coded in the ITU-T "T.56" text format, that has a "sequence lead in" to determine different language codes and may have special character codes that permit, for example, sending simple graphs as text. This was part of ISDN ( 1835:. Texting has also been linked as a secondary source in numerous traffic collisions, in which police investigations of mobile phone records have found that many drivers have lost control of their cars while attempting to send or retrieve a text message. Increasing cases of Internet 1579:, to send messages to other iMessage users, and uses SMS as a fallback when no data connection is present, or when messaging non-iMessage users. It sets the color of messages depending on which technology was used. This has led to instances of iMessage users bullying people without 1065:

With voice calling, both participants need to be free at the same time. Mobile phone users can maintain communication during situations in which a voice call is impractical, impossible, or unacceptable, such as during a school class or work meeting. Texting has provided a venue for

501:

someone that you will be late or reminding a friend or colleague about a meeting. As with e-mail, informality and brevity have become an accepted part of text messaging. Some text messages such as SMS can also be used for the remote control of home appliances. It is widely used in

329:. Sitting at a typewriter at home, Hillebrand typed out random sentences and counted every letter, number, punctuation mark, and space. Almost every time, the messages contained fewer than 160 characters, thus giving the basis for the limit one could type via text messaging. With 1830:

termed "BlackBerry thumb" (although this refers to strain developed on older Blackberry devices, which had a scroll wheel on the side of the phone). An inflammation of the tendons in the thumb caused by constant text-messaging is also called text-messager's thumb, or texting

1038:(formerly Telecom NZ), was the first telecommunication company in New Zealand. In 2011, Spark was broken into two companies by regulation, with Chorus Ltd taking the landline infrastructure and Spark NZ providing services including over their mobile network. Vodafone NZ (now 1599:

and adaptations can negatively impact their professionalism. Drouin and Davis surveyed American undergraduates in 2009 and found that three quarters of participants believed the use of textisms were not appropriate in formal messaging and writing. A study performed by Grace

739:, product promotions and campaigns. Long numbers are internationally available, as well as enabling businesses to have their own number, rather than short codes, which are usually shared across a lot of brands. Additionally, long numbers are non-premium inbound numbers. 1630:

to protect SMS messages. Police have also retrieved deleted text messages to aid them in solving crimes. For example, Swedish police retrieved deleted texts from a cult member who claimed she committed a double murder based on forwarded texts she received. Police in

2027:

An alternative approach is to use end-to-end security software that runs on both the sending and receiving device, where the original text message is transmitted in encrypted form as a consumer SMS. By using key rotation, the encrypted text messages stored under

1957:

Although major cellphone providers deny any collusion, fees for out-of-package text messages have increased, doubling from 10 to 20 cents in the United States between 2007 and 2008 alone. On 16 July 2009, Senate hearings were held to look into any breach of the

889:

organized the first pan-European SMS voting in 2002, as a part of the voting system (there was also a voting over traditional landline phone lines). In 2005, the Eurovision Song Contest organized the biggest televoting ever (with SMS and phone voting). During

2081:, to determine the fastest pair of texters. The winners were a team from South Korea, Ha Mok-min and Bae Yeong-ho. On 6 April 2011, SKH Apps released an iPhone app, iTextFast, to allow consumers to test their texting speed and practice the paragraph used by 735:(international mobile number format, e.g., +44 7624 805000, or geographic numbers that can handle voice and SMS, e.g., 01133203040), which can be used in place of short codes or premium-rated short messages for SMS reception in several applications, such as 906:

character on-air reading aloud text messages sent in by viewers. On 12 March 2004, the first entirely "interactive" TV channel, VIISI, began operation in Finland. However, SBS Finland Oy took over the channel and turned it into a music channel named

538:

China and India. SMS saw hugely popular in India, where youngsters often exchanged many text messages, and companies provide alerts, infotainment, news, cricket scores updates, railway/airline booking, mobile billing, and banking services on SMS.

752:, and mobile communications to connect with teammates and customers. Some practical uses of text messaging include the use of SMS for confirming delivery or other tasks, for instant communication between a service provider and a client (e.g., a 2019:

of other mobile operators. This approach reduces the number of mobile operators that handle the message; however, experts have advised not to consider it as an end-to-end secure communication, as the content of the message is exposed to the

610:

Of many texting trends, a system known as microblogging has surfaced, which consists of a miniaturized blog, inspired mainly by people's tendency to jot down informal thoughts and post them online. They consist of websites like X (formerly

1472:

Sexting is slang for the act of sending sexually explicit or suggestive content between mobile devices using SMS. It contains either text, images, or video that is intended to be sexually arousing. Sexting was reported as early as 2005 in

1042:) acquired mobile network provider Bellsouth New Zealand in 1998 and had 2.32 million customers as of July 2013. Vodafone launched the first Text messaging service in 1999 and has introduced innovative TXT services like SafeTXT and CallMe 763:

As text messaging has proliferated in business, so too have regulations governing its use. One regulation specifically governing the use of text messaging in financial-services firms engaged in stocks, equities, and securities trading is

524:

SMS has historically been particularly popular in Europe, Asia (excluding Japan; see below), the United States, Australia, and New Zealand, while also gaining influence in Africa. Popularity has grown to a sufficient extent that the term

747:

The use of text messaging for workplace purposes grew significantly during the mid-2000s. As companies seek competitive advantages, many employees used new technology, collaborative applications, and real-time messaging such as SMS,

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Expectations for etiquette may differ depending on various factors. For example, expectations for appropriate behaviour have been found to differ markedly between the U.S. and India. Another example is generational differences. In

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Shariful Islam, Sheikh Mohammed; Farmer, Andrew J; Bobrow, Kirsten; Maddison, Ralph; Whittaker, Robyn; Pfaeffli Dale, Leila Anne; Lechner, Andreas; Lear, Scott; Eapen, Zubin; Niessen, Louis Wilhelmus; Santo, Karla (October 2019).

884:

In the Republic of Ireland, in 2012, 1.5 billion messages were sent every quarter, on average 114 messages per person per month. In the United Kingdom, as of March 2012, over 1 billion text messages were sent every week. The

640:, is used in Australia to notify the public of impending disasters through both SMS and landline phone calls. These messages can be sent based on either the location of the phone or the address to which the handset is registered. 5904: 947:

found in May 2010 that 72% of U.S. adult cellphone users send and receive text messages. CTIA reported in 2022 that 2 trillion SMS and MMS were sent in the United States in 2021, showing continued popularity of the technology.

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has shown that texting has a gendered dimension and it plays into the development of teen identity. In addition we text to a very small number of other persons. For most people, half of their texts go to 3 – 5 other people.

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for financial institutions in which it discussed the advantages and disadvantages of mobile channel platforms such as Short Message Services (SMS), Mobile Web, Mobile Client Applications, SMS with Mobile Web and Secure SMS.

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lists Chris Young of Salem, Oregon as the world-record holder for the fastest 160-character text message where the contents of the message are not provided ahead of time. His record of 62.3 seconds was set on 23 May 2007.

2057:

fish in the world. In reality, they seldom attack a human." In 2005, the record was held by a 24-year-old Scottish man, Craig Crosbie, who completed the same message in 48 seconds, beating the previous time by 19 seconds.

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Mobile Ltd launched in August 2009. In 2005, around 85% of the adult population had a mobile phone. In general, texting is more popular than making phone calls, as it is viewed as less intrusive and therefore more polite.

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investigated the effect of other cognitive tasks, such as engaging in conversations or cognitive tasks on a phone, and found that participants actually have reduced visual awareness. This finding was supported by Licence

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Text messaging has affected the political world. American campaigns find that text messaging is a much easier, cheaper way of getting to the voters than the door-to-door approach. In 2006 Mexico's then president-elect

4655: 1949:, along with most other service providers, charges texters 20 cents per message if they do not have a messaging plan or if they have exceeded their allotted number of texts. Given that an SMS message is at most 160 1307:) can be literally translated as "Hug hug you, kiss you, whole life, whole life I love you." English influences worldwide texting in variation, but still in combination with the individual properties of languages. 660:

services in South-East London. The study found that SMS message reminders could reduce the number of missed psychiatric appointments by 25–28%, representing a potential national yearly saving of over £150 million.

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have increased the use of text messaging for work in the past five years. The same study found that 33% of knowledge workers felt text messaging was critical or very important to success and productivity at work.

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are special telephone numbers, shorter than full telephone numbers, that can be used to address SMS and MMS messages from mobile phones or fixed phones. There are two types of short codes: dialling and messaging.

565:

In 2013, research suggested that Internet-based mobile messaging would grow to equal the popularity of SMS by the end of 2013, with nearly 10 trillion messages being sent through each technology. Services such as

2070:. He has been acknowledged by The Universal Records Database for the most text messages in a single month; however, this has since been broken twice and as of 2010 was listed as 566607 messages by Fred Lindgren. 1073:" or "Net War", which create "people power". Research in 2015 has also proven that text messaging is somehow making the social distances larger and could be ruining verbal communication skills for many people. 1056:

and AIDS. In September 2009, a multi-country campaign in Africa used text messaging to expose stock-outs of essential medicines at public health facilities and put pressure on governments to address the issue.

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scams). In SMiShing, users receive SMS messages posing to be from a company, enticing users to phone premium-rate numbers or reply with personal information. Similar concerns were reported by PhonepayPlus, a

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Because of the COVID-19 pandemic, medical facilities in the United States are using text messaging to coordinate the appointment process, including reminders, cancellations, and safe check-in. US-based cloud

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Acklin of Ohio is credited with the world record for most text messages sent or received in a single month, with 200,052. His accomplishments were first in the World Records Academy and later followed up by

1962:. The same trend is visible in other countries, though increasingly widespread flat-rate plans, for example in Germany, do make text messaging easier, text messages sent abroad still result in higher costs. 4513:

More than 85% of young New Zealand adults now have a mobile phone (statistics by ethnicity are not available), and text messaging among this age group has rapidly developed into a new communications medium.

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and the rapidity of typical text message exchanges have caused a number of spelling abbreviations: as in the phrase "txt msg", "u" (an abbreviation for "you"), "HMU"("hit me up"; i.e., call me), or use of

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Robert Burnett; Ylva Hård af Segerstad (8 September 2005). "The SMS murder mystery" in Safety and Security in a Networked World. Balancing Cyber-Rights & Responsibilities, Oxford Internet Institute.

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in an SMS sex scandal. Short messages are particularly popular among young urbanites. In many markets, the service is comparatively cheap. For example, in Australia, a message typically costs between

1520: 7325: 1282:("cassette tape"). There is also the use of numeral sequences, substituting for several syllables of a word and creating whole phrases using numerals. For example, in French, a12c4 can be said as 5960: 894:, (that is, when a user connects to another network in different country from their own) the prices may be higher, but in July 2009, EU legislation went into effect limiting this price to €0.11. 4525: 5595:

Following a string of extramarital affairs and several lurid "sexting" episodes, Warne has found himself home alone, with Simone Warne taking their three children and flying the conjugal coop.

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symbols whose name sounds like a syllable of the word such as in 2day or b4. This is commonly used in other languages as well. Crystal gives some examples in several languages such as Italian

509:

is a type of text message that appears directly on the main screen without user interaction and is not automatically stored in the inbox. It can be useful in cases such as an emergency (e.g.,

1069:, allowing viewers to vote in online and TV polls, as well as receive information while they are on the move. Texting can also bring people together and create a sense of community through " 1389:

conducted a survey with more than 900 teens from over 26 high schools nationwide. The results showed that 87% of students found texting to be "very" or "extremely" distracting. A study by

1525: Sexting becomes a legal issue when teens (under 18) are involved, because any nude photos they may send of themselves would put the recipients in possession of child pornography. 5809: 341:(Groupe Spécial Mobile) meeting in February 1985 in Oslo. The first technical solution evolved in a GSM subgroup under the leadership of Finn Trosby. It was further developed under the 5912: 3969: 3800: 4260:

Lin, Angel & Tong, Avin (2008). "Mobile Cultures of Migrant Workers in Southern China: Informal Literacies in the Negotiation of (New) Social Relations of the New Working Women".

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Hyman, S.M.; Boss, I.E.; Wise, B.M.; McKenzie, K.E.; Caggiano, J.M. (2010). "Did you see the unicycling clown? Inattentional blindness while walking and talking on a cell phone".

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is displayed while the interlocutor is typing characters. The feature has been referred to as a "typing awareness indicator", for which patents have been filed since the 1990s.

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or an ultrasound phone cover as a virtual white cane, or using the built-in camera to algorithmically analyze single, respectively a stream of pictures for obstacles, with Wang

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information, the onboard computer can determine if the driver is exceeding the current speed limit. The device can store this information and/or send it to another recipient.

4665: 2015:, which gives the provider visibility of the complete path of the SMS. This means SMS messages can be sent directly to and from recipients without having to go through the 7345: 6157:"An Empirical Examination of the Educational Impact of Text Message-Induced Task Switching in the Classroom: Educational Implications and Strategies to Enhance Learning" 5856: 1318:

translates into: ~(_8^(|). Crystal also suggests that texting has led to more creativity in the English language, giving people opportunities to create their own slang,

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keyboard (for 2010s-era smartphones), so more effort is required to type each character, and there is sometimes a limit on the number of characters that may be sent. In

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Rosen, L.D., Chang, J., Erwin, L., Carrier, L.M., & Cheever, N.A. (2010). "The Relationship Between "Textisms" and Formal and Informal Writing Among Young Adults".

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became the first network to offer a commercial person-to-person SMS text messaging service in 1994. When Radiolinja's domestic competitor, Telecom Finland (now part of

6821:"Effects of Mobile Phone SMS to Improve Glycemic Control Among Patients With Type 2 Diabetes in Bangladesh: A Prospective, Parallel-Group, Randomized Controlled Trial" 6056:

Okada, T. (2005). "Youth culture and shaping of Japanese mobile media: personalization and the keitainInternet as multimedia". In M. Ito; D. Okabe; M. Matsuda (eds.).

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There have also been technological approaches to increase the safety/awareness of pedestrians that are (unintentionally) blind while using a smartphone, e.g., using a

991:. Japanese adolescents first began text messaging, because it was a cheaper form of communication than the other available forms. Thus, Japanese theorists created the 534:

frequent form of communication. In 2004 in China, SMS was very popular and brought service providers significant profit (18 billion short messages were sent in 2001).

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videos or audio notes) and group messaging. Especially in western countries some of these services attract more and more users. Prominent examples of these include

628:

has recently been promoted as a means for walkers and climbers to call emergency services from areas where a voice call is not possible due to low signal strength.

7216: 6871:"Mobile phone text-messaging interventions aimed to prevent cardiovascular diseases (Text2PreventCVD): systematic review and individual patient data meta-analysis" 5990: 3239: 835:

There are a growing number of websites that allow users to send free SMS messages online. Some websites provide free SMS for promoting premium business packages.

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connectivity and satellite emergency services into conventional mobile phones for use in remote regions, where there is no reliable terrestrial cellular network.

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Mobile interaction services are an alternative way of using SMS in business communications with greater certainty. Typical business-to-business applications are

168:

would be impolite or inappropriate (e.g., calling very late at night or when one knows the other person is busy with family or work activities). Like e-mail and

1230:) reduces the labour of time-consuming input. This makes abbreviations not only less necessary but slower to type than regular words that are in the software's 4943:

Plester, B.; Wood, C.; Joshi, P. (2009). "Exploring the relationship between children's knowledge of text message abbreviations and school literacy outcomes".

3493: 3159: 5118:"Gait Pattern Alterations during Walking, Texting and Walking and Texting during Cognitively Distractive Tasks while Negotiating Common Pedestrian Obstacles" 756:

and a consumer), and for sending alerts. Several universities have implemented a system of texting students and faculties campus alerts. One such example is

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Igarashi, T., Takai, J., & Yoshida, T. (2005). "Gender differences in social network development via mobile phone text messages: A longitudinal study".

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Ling, Rich; Baron, Naomi S.; Lenhart, Amanda; Campbell, Scott W. (2 October 2014). ""Girls Text Really Weird": Gender, Texting and Identity Among Teens".

4715:"Gr8 db8r takes on linguistic Luddites: Language guru David Crystal tells John Crace that txt spk is responsible for neither bad spelling nor moral decay" 943:

in December 2009, the 286 million US subscribers sent 152.7 billion text messages per month, for an average of 534 messages per subscriber per month. The

1839:

are now also being linked to text messaging, as mobile phones are now more likely to have e-mail and Web capabilities to complement the ability to text.

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This sticker seen in Paris satirizes the popularity of communication in SMS shorthand. In French: "Is that you? / It's me! / Do you love me? / Shut up!".

6647: 5968: 2219: 1346:(2011), she associates exposure to text messaging with more rigid acceptability constraints. The thesis suggests that more exposure to the colloquial, 4529: 3519: 2835:

In December 1992, Airwide was responsible for delivering the first ever SMS. The message, delivered on the Vodafone network, said 'Merry Christmas' .

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apps. Text messaging has been an extremely popular medium of communication since the turn of the century and has also influenced changes in society.

4893: 4361: 4190: 3559: 2874: 827:

Group texts are often sent as MMS messages and therefore require an internet connection to send instead of using the sender's text messaging plan.

88:, is the act of composing and sending electronic messages, typically consisting of alphabetic and numeric characters, between two or more users of 7035: 3419: 2742: 697:

the level of text messaging services, SMS gateway providers can be classified as resellers of the text messaging capability of another provider's

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marks, such as Polish, SMS technology created an entire new variant of written language: characters normally written with diacritic marks (e.g.,

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was largely circulated, thus breaking the laws that prohibited campaigning that day. Text messaging has helped politics by promoting campaigns.

5563: 4091: 3973: 3792: 919:, made the news when he allegedly broke up with his girlfriend with a text message. In 2007, the first book written solely in text messages, 7839: 7706: 6403: 6237: 5829: 2936: 2501: 9863: 9835: 9830: 8855: 5451:

Peng, En; Peursum, Patrick; Li, Ling; Venkatesh, Svetha (26 October 2010). "A Smartphone-Based Obstacle Sensor for the Visually Impaired".

4155: 4016: 988: 447: 410: 7087: 5455:. International Conference on Ubiquitous Intelligence and Computing. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Vol. 6406. pp. 590–604. 5425: 1665:

Texting has been used on a number of occasions with the result of the gathering of large aggressive crowds. SMS messaging drew a crowd to

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found that 46% of teens admitted to being distracted behind the wheel due to texting. One example of distraction behind the wheel is the

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Stavrinos, D.; Byington, K. W.; Schwebel, D. C. (2011). "Distracted walking: Cell phones increase injury risk for college pedestrians".

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connectivity to route the messages. The advantage of this international termination model is the ability to route data directly through

7191: 3266:"Mobile and SMS interaction service conducts study that says that IP-based mobile messaging will be just as popular as traditional SMS" 393:, which had been organized to celebrate the event. Modern SMS text messaging is usually sent from one mobile phone to another. Finnish 6592: 3125: 3088: 2527: 8450: 1934: 1697: 980: 439: 7765: 6819:

Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful; Niessen, Louis W.; Ferrari, Uta; Ali, Liaquat; Seissler, Jochen; Lechner, Andreas (1 August 2015).

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Caps. Typing a text message in all capital letters will appear as though you are shouting at the recipient, and should be avoided."

1293:. Whenever it is used in texting, its intended use is with the English pronunciation. Crystal gives the example of the Welsh use of 7574: 6042: 5882: 3273: 7274: 6926:

Shariful Islam, Sheikh Mohammed; Lechner, Andreas; Ferrari, Uta; Seissler, Jochen; Holle, Rolf; Niessen, Louis W. (1 March 2016).

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the service to monitor their corporate vehicles. The technology is still new and (currently) only available on a few car models.

1385:

Texting while driving leads to increased distraction behind the wheel and can lead to an increased risk of an accident. In 2006,

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Sims, H., Sanghara, H., Hayes, D., Wandiembe, S., Finch, M., Jakobsen, H., Tsakanikos, E., Okocha, C.I., Kravariti, E. (2012).

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technology, and the millions of text messages exchanged by the demonstrators in 2001 was, by all accounts, a key to the crowds

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Carrier, L. M.; Rosen, L. D.; Cheever, N. A.; Lim, A. (2015). "Causes, effects, and practicalities of everyday multitasking".

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Strassberg, Donald; McKinnon, Ryan K. (7 June 2012). "Sexting by High School Students: An Exploratory and Descriptive Study".

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SMS messages are used in some countries as reminders of medical appointments. Missed outpatient clinic appointments cost the

644: 406: 164:. This makes texting a quick and easy way to communicate with friends, family, and colleagues, including in contexts where a 7676: 7119: 5220:

Lopresti-Goodman, S. M.; Rivera, A.; Dressel, C. (2012). "Practicing Safe Text: The Impact of Texting on Walking Behavior".

3573: 2358:"Exploring the longitudinal relationships between the use of grammar in text messaging and performance on grammatical tasks" 1359:

on the effects of text messaging on language. Texting has also been shown to have had no effect or some positive effects on

8726: 8042: 4494: 2662: 1696:, initially based on mobile phone text message service and later with an internet interface. The service was funded by the 1650: 8989: 4119: 3466: 2910:"PCS network launched in Baltimore-D.C. area – First system in nation offers digital challenge to cellular phone industry" 9914: 9847: 9693: 8716: 8269: 5663: 5275:"Distraction and pedestrian safety: How talking on the phone, texting, and listening to music impact crossing the street" 4911: 4555: 3050: 2747: 1515: 434:

networks. However, not all text-messaging systems use SMS; some notable alternate implementations of the concept include

369:

SMS messaging was used for the first time on 3 December 1992, at the Three Tuns Public House in Reading, Berkshire, when

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Rheingold, Howard (2002) Smart Mobs: The Next Social Revolution, Perseus, Cambridge, Massachusetts, pp. xi–xxii, 157–82

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operators and expert SMS users. Several mobile phones have Morse code ring tones and alert messages. For example, many

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Mural of a text message reading "I love you" and an ellipsis as a typing awareness indicator on the left (France, 2021)

1397:, which killed 25 passengers. The engineer had sent 45 text messages while operating the train. A 2009 experiment with 289:

systems, developed in the early 19th century, used electrical signals to send text messages. In the late 19th century,

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What does txting do 2 language: The influences of exposure to messaging and print media on acceptability constraints

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What does txting do 2 language: The influences of exposure to messaging and print media on acceptability constraints

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Text messaging has been a subject of interest for police forces around the world. One of the issues of concern to

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that the urge to forward text messages can be difficult to resist, describing text messages as "loaded weapons".

1431:

Texting on a phone distracts participants, even when the texting task used is a relatively simple one. Stavrinos

1394: 1390: 1188:, numbers that sound similar to words are used in place of those words. For example, the numbers 520 in Chinese ( 665: 402: 227: 8338: 7603: 3522:"Text message reminders of appointments: a pilot intervention at four community mental health clinics in london" 9935: 9604: 8343: 7431: 7405: 3922: 3613: 2083: 2052: 1795: 1682: 1480:, constituting a trend in the creative use of SMS to excite another with alluring messages throughout the day. 1386: 231: 180:

to send messages to mobile users about promotions, payment due dates, and other notifications instead of using

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Ishii, Kenichi (2006). "Implications of Mobility: The Uses of Personal Communication Media in Everyday Life".

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Wang, Tianyu; Cardone, Giuseppe; Corradi, Antonio; Torresani, Lorenzo; Campbell, Andrew T. (1 January 2012).

4640: 3741: 3599: 3295: 808: 757: 459: 4041: 3346: 3103: 2235:"A Cross-Sectional Study of Textese in Academic Writing: Magnitude of Penetration, Impacts, and Perceptions" 964:. Many providers offer unlimited plans, which can result in a lower rate per text, given sufficient volume. 9904: 9665: 9562: 9105: 8900: 8872: 8711: 8222: 6739: 2016: 1808:

showed favorable changes in adherence to treatment. A risk is that these physicians could be violating the

698: 619:(微博). As of 2016, 21% of all American adults used Twitter. As of 2017, Weibo had 340 million active users. 426: 128: 505:

systems. Some amateurs have also built their own systems to control (some of) their appliances via SMS. A

9894: 9401: 8841: 8315: 8227: 7942: 6340:"Undergraduates' attitudes to text messaging language use and intrusions of textisms into formal writing" 5046: 2468: 1984: 1626:

text messages. In 2003, a British company developed a program called Fortress SMS which used 128 bit AES

1403:

editor Eddie Alterman (that took place at a deserted airfield, for safety reasons) compared texting with

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was among the first countries to adopt short messages widely, with pioneering non-GSM services including

132: 127:(SMS) on mobile devices. It has grown beyond alphanumeric text to include multimedia messages using the 9753: 9675: 9614: 9321: 8721: 8597: 8371: 5833: 5180:

Nasar, J; Hecht, P; Wener, R (2008). "Mobile telephones, distracted attention, and pedestrian safety".

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The excessive use of the thumb for pressing keys on mobile devices has led to a high rate of a form of

9525: 9486: 9331: 9231: 9160: 9093: 8920: 8363: 6576: 6535: 4857: 3155: 912: 857: 637: 5832:. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Prevention Information Network. Archived from 5571: 4687: 2410: 2315:"Texting, techspeak, and tweens: The relationship between text messaging and English grammar skills" 541:

Similarly, in 2008, text messaging played a primary role in the implication of former Detroit Mayor

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Concerns have been voiced over the excessive cost of off-plan text messaging in the United States.

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There are three mobile network companies operating in New Zealand, with some sub-brands and MVNOs.

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Foerster, Klaus-Tycho; Gross, Alex; Hail, Nino; Uitto, Jara; Wattenhofer, Roger (1 January 2014).

2958: 2411:"mpact of text messaging on students' writing skills at university level: a corpus based analysis" 1646:. In 2003, a court in Malaysia upheld such a divorce pronouncement which was transmitted via SMS. 9955: 9723: 9708: 9552: 9503: 9426: 9326: 9004: 8890: 8885: 8764: 8759: 8183: 7714: 6407: 6242: 5784: 3843: 3397: 2944: 2270:

Rosen, Larry D.; Chang, Jennifer; Erwin, Lynne; Carrier, L. Mark; Cheever, Nancy A. (June 2010).

1775: 1718: 1104:, such as in "ThisIsVeryLame". To avoid the even more limited message lengths allowed when using 886: 881:

technology as other European countries, so the uptake is not hampered by technical restrictions.

777: 715: 702: 463: 350: 220: 17: 6479: 5252:"Changes in gait properties during texting messages by a cell phone. Attention and gait control" 4823:

Ling, Rich; Bertel, Troels Fibæk; Sundsøy, Pål Roe (2012). "The socio-demographics of texting".

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used for coding can cause a text message sent from one country to another to become unreadable.

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WalkSafe: A Pedestrian Safety App for Mobile Phone Users Who Walk and Talk While Crossing Roads

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The University of Hawaii began using radio to send digital information as early as 1971, using

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depending on the country of origin, destination and respective operators. Differences in the

1959: 1372: 1173: 1066: 869: 753: 177: 8880: 7201: 6499:"SMS Riot: Transmitting Race on a Sydney Beach, December 2005: The Politics of Transmission" 5273:

Schwebel, D. C.; Stavrinos, D; Byington, K. W.; Davis, T; O'Neal, E. E.; De Jong, D (2012).

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intentions, such as to impress their friends or embarrass their sender. Celebrities such as

9950: 9461: 9421: 9391: 9148: 9083: 8905: 8696: 8161: 8062: 7988: 7898: 6555: 6339: 6081: 5131: 4982: 4495:"Smoking cessation using mobile phone text messaging is as effective in Māori as non-Māori" 4451: 3133: 2314: 2271: 2213: 2209: 1836: 1475: 1215: 632: 322: 286: 6273: 6212:"Google says Apple's iMessage, and its blue message bubbles, dominate because of bullying" 4066: 3688: 1673:. Not only were text messages circulating in the Sydney area but in other states as well ( 8: 9471: 9411: 9170: 9132: 8930: 8915: 8585: 8505: 8353: 8015: 7773: 5394:

CrashAlert: Enhancing Peripheral Alertness for Eyes-busy Mobile Interaction While Walking

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launched millions of text messages in the days immediately preceding his narrow win over

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Special issue on Living in the "Net" Generation: Multitasking, Learning and Development.

5135: 2975:[Long remote control with your mobile phone] (in Dutch). Elektor.nl. 1 June 2011 2272:"The Relationship Between "Textisms" and Formal and Informal Writing Among Young Adults" 9698: 9655: 9586: 9456: 9386: 9361: 9296: 9143: 8864: 8631: 8488: 7742: 7578: 7495: 7436: 7330: 7141: 7011: 6986: 6903: 6870: 6367: 5814: 5714: 5374: 5299: 5274: 5154: 5117: 5031: 4875: 4840: 4805: 4336: 4287: 4242: 4223: 4172: 2650:

Telex originated in Germany and rapidly expanded to other countries after World War II.

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A 2012 study that has received wide international media attention was conducted at the

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In 2021, 8.4 trillion SMS messages were sent globally, compared to 18.25 trillion for

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Some health organizations manage text messaging services to help people avoid smoking.

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in Washington, D.C., made the initial phone call to launch the network, calling Mayor

9738: 9660: 9574: 9557: 9520: 9366: 9196: 9165: 9031: 8925: 8811: 8769: 8604: 8560: 8383: 8376: 8234: 7993: 7864: 7474: 7253: 7145: 7016: 6967: 6959: 6954: 6908: 6890: 6850: 6842: 6359: 6314: 6247: 6194: 6111: 6061: 5706: 5540: 5531:. Twelfth Workshop on Mobile Computing Systems & Applications. pp. 5:1–5:6. 5507: 5498:. 13th International Conference on Mobile and Ubiquitous Multimedia. pp. 68–72. 5474: 5405: 5339: 5304: 5197: 5159: 5089: 4960: 4809: 4747: 4634: 4581: 4314: 4291: 4219: 4176: 3767: 3593: 3541: 2914: 2888: 2818: 2706: 2634: 2476: 2395: 2377: 2334: 2291: 2260: 2164: 1914: 1908: 1870: 1352: 1223: 1035: 749: 575: 559: 551: 546: 518: 510: 474: 378: 176:

websites or to participate in online contests. Advertisers and service providers use

148: 9406: 7062: 5378: 4879: 4844: 4480: 4227: 3727: 2303: 1760: 1289:"). An example of using symbols in texting and borrowing from English is the use of 9743: 9703: 9683: 9650: 9579: 9537: 9451: 9306: 9291: 9266: 9241: 9201: 9051: 8910: 8895: 8706: 8651: 8517: 8483: 8393: 8328: 8200: 8129: 7983: 7966: 7881: 7133: 7006: 6998: 6949: 6939: 6898: 6882: 6832: 6510: 6351: 6168: 6136: 5718: 5698: 5532: 5499: 5464: 5456: 5397: 5366: 5331: 5294: 5286: 5229: 5189: 5149: 5139: 5085: 5081: 4952: 4867: 4832: 4797: 4277: 4269: 4215: 4164: 4114: 3533: 2385: 2369: 2346: 2326: 2283: 2246: 2234: 2190: 2169: 2087:. As of 2011, best time listed on Game Center for that paragraph is 34.65 seconds. 1946: 1920: 1821: 1572: 1185: 1096: 542: 326: 109: 101: 53: 38: 6371: 6274:"Green bubble trouble — how Apple geniously employs dark psychology with iMessage" 3768:"Regulatory Notice 07-59, Supervision of Electronic Communications, December 2007" 2216:: Roman and medieval abbreviations used to save space on manuscripts and epigraphs 73: 9371: 9226: 8994: 8969: 8957: 8545: 8535: 8510: 8493: 8470: 8300: 8295: 8188: 7684: 7137: 7040: 7002: 6771: 5460: 5144: 4801: 3689:"Privacy and trust: The implications of U.S. carriers ending premium SMS billing" 3498: 3441: 1784: 1619: 1493: 1489: 1311: 1207: 1105: 996: 976: 514: 435: 382: 113: 93: 6886: 4508: 1770:

of the Philippines became the first head of state in history to lose power to a

803:

Text messaging is widely used in business settings; as well, it is used in many

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Regulatory Notice 07-59, Supervision of Electronic Communications, December 2007

701:

or offering the text messaging capability as an operator of their own SMSC with

9569: 9441: 9416: 9376: 9346: 9221: 9056: 9009: 8984: 8942: 8527: 8500: 8478: 7120:"Emerging Interpersonal Norms of Text Messaging in India and the United States" 7092: 6730: 5991:"Connie Schultz: Making kids to tell law's naked truth is the perfect sentence" 5396:. SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. pp. 3385–3388. 3371: 2743:"It's been 25 years since the first-ever text message and the kids are alright" 2205: 2175: 2074: 1767: 1666: 1654: 1399: 1377: 1239: 1165: 1113: 1109: 1023: 928: 916: 280: 165: 135:(RCS), which can contain digital images, videos, and sound content, as well as 6300:"The influence of phonetic abbreviations on evaluation of student performance" 6013:"Maryland Newsline – Business & Tech Special Report: Teens and Technology" 5702: 5667: 5469: 5335: 5290: 5193: 5072:

Lamberg, E. M.; Muratori, L. M. (2012). "Cell phones change the way we walk".

4921: 4273: 3537: 3494:"Text reminders could save NHS millions – Health News – Health & Families" 3058: 450:, both in Japan. E-mail messaging from phones, as popularized by NTT Docomo's 9929: 9718: 9491: 9481: 9396: 9286: 9281: 9271: 9256: 9078: 8937: 8641: 8290: 8254: 8205: 8193: 6963: 6894: 6846: 6363: 6355: 6251: 6140: 5935:"Sexting is More Common Among Teens Than Previously Thought, Say Researchers" 4956: 4871: 4836: 4168: 2638: 2629: 2480: 2381: 2338: 2330: 2295: 2287: 2180: 2034: 1832: 1555: 1511: 1404: 1315: 1262: 1244: 804: 722:(VASP), either through revenue share or a fixed transport fee. Services like 605: 370: 267: 62: 6944: 6928:"Mobile phone use and willingness to pay for SMS for diabetes in Bangladesh" 5536: 5503: 5401: 4778:

Crystal, David: the gr8 db8. New York: Oxford University Press, 2008. Print.

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proposing to use machine learning to specifically detect incoming vehicles.

554:

connected to the Internet. Mobile service providers in New Zealand, such as

9596: 9436: 9381: 9311: 9276: 9211: 9110: 9100: 8952: 8673: 8636: 8570: 8280: 8171: 7958: 7020: 6971: 6912: 6854: 5710: 5343: 5308: 5201: 5163: 5093: 4964: 4660: 4463: 4391:"The Philippines Reaffirms Status As "Text Messaging Capital Of The World"" 3545: 3467:"Qualcomm's Snapdragon Satellite will let Android phones text off the grid" 2399: 1774:. More than one million Manila residents assembled at the site of the 1986 1739: 1723: 1596: 1323: 1082: 953: 418: 108:, or another type of compatible computer. Text messages may be sent over a 89: 66: 31: 7375: 6338:

Grace, Abbie; Kemp, Nenagh; Martin, Frances H; Parrila, Rauno (May 2015).

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as it was then known, opened the world's first public teleprinter network.

2251: 9796: 9446: 9356: 9341: 9301: 9261: 9120: 8661: 8626: 8575: 8550: 8112: 8052: 7868: 7843: 7196: 4907: 2441: 2145: 2021: 2004: 1866: 1485: 1381:

A driver with attention divided between a mobile phone and the road ahead

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messages. Historically, this language developed out of shorthand used in

903: 732: 693: 681: 494: 398: 294: 45: 7818: 6672: 5496:

SpareEye: Enhancing the Safety of Inattentionally Blind Smartphone Users

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letters, speakers of languages written in those alphabets often use the

9801: 9508: 9206: 9115: 9071: 9041: 9019: 8749: 8565: 8540: 8437: 8348: 8305: 8244: 7409: 6625: 2373: 2096: 1972: 1639: 1627: 1623: 1568: 1231: 1227: 1101: 984: 812: 793: 455: 443: 394: 374: 342: 302: 173: 97: 6837: 5810:"U Study Finds 'Sexting' More Common Among Teens Than You Might Think" 5785:"Sending Sexually Explicit Photos by Cell Phone Is Common Among Teens" 4040:

Kristen Purcell; Roger Entner; Nichole Henderson (14 September 2010).

3345:

Greenwood, Shannon; Perrin, Andrew; Duggan, Maeve (11 November 2016).

1744:

Salut! Quoi de neuf? On n'est jamais de trop à se battre pour la Paix!

9786: 9251: 9066: 8833: 8285: 8047: 7803: 6515: 6498: 6480:"A Warrant Is Needed To Obtain Text Messages, State High Court Rules" 5558: 5556: 5370: 5233: 4552:"Silence = Death. In South Africa, text messages can end the silence" 3178:"Detroit Mayor Kwame Kilpatrick, Christine Beatty in Sex SMS Scandal" 2703:

Short Message Service, the Creation of Personal Global Text Messaging

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In the United States, text messaging is very popular; as reported by

631:

In the US, there is a move to require both traditional operators and

189: 169: 7441: 6925: 6238:"Why Apple's iMessage Is Winning: Teens Dread the Green Text Bubble" 4362:"Research and Markets: Philippines – Telecoms, Mobile and Broadband" 3793:"TynTec calls for industry benchmarked SMS service level agreements" 2680:

concept for the perfect-length, rapid-fire 'short message' was born.

2528:"A Social History of the Mobile Telephone with a View of its Future" 1863:

The M-Factor: How the Millennial Generation Is Rocking the Workplace

1595:

However, students have become aware of the reality that using these

1560:

Spreading rumors and gossip by text message, using text messages to

1251:

marks is dropped in languages such as French, as well as symbols in

205: 9781: 9771: 9688: 9513: 9336: 8656: 8428: 8035: 8025: 8020: 7885: 7567: 5426:"Samsung Releasing Smartphone-Paired Technologies for Blind People" 5122: 5008: 2200: 1991: 1976: 1929: 1891: 1693: 1576: 1360: 1319: 1117: 1043: 961: 861: 723: 668:

vendor AbbaDox includes this in their patient engagement services.

579: 571: 506: 502: 479: 386: 363: 318: 136: 117: 6867: 5553: 5249: 3745: 3199: 2112:"Tattle texting" can mean either of two different texting trends: 1653:

ruled in 2017 that under the state constitution, police require a

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Rosen, L. D.; Lim, A. F.; Carrier, L. M.; Cheever, N. A. (2011).

4656:"Lost in Translation: Texting Killing Human Communication Skills" 3002: 1727: 1689: 1632: 1533: 1467: 1169: 1019: 931:. It is about an executive who travels through Europe and India. 891: 853: 643:

In the early 2020s, device manufacturers have begun to integrate

612: 414: 7927: 5593:

Roberts, Yvonne (31 July 2005). "The One and Only". p. 22.

9806: 9766: 9088: 8668: 8388: 6735:"In politics, blogs and text messages are the new American way" 6706:"Why The U'S' Government's Fake 'Cuban Twitter' Service Failed" 5905:"Most teens unaware about legal consequences of sexting: Study" 5760:"As many as 20% of teens have 'sexted', according to new study" 2764:"Reading man who sent first text spills the beans on text talk" 2633:. Vol. 5, no. 46. IDG Network World Inc. p. 68. 1882: 1602: 1580: 1451: 1433: 1332: 1181: 1039: 555: 490: 451: 144: 105: 7796:"A race to the wire as old hand at Morse code beats txt msgrs" 7246:

Gardiner, Michael E.; Haladyn, Julian Jason (4 October 2016).

6985:

Patrick, K.; Griswold, W. G.; Raab, F; Intille, S. S. (2008).

6984: 6058:

Personal, Portable, Pedestrian: Mobile Phones in Japanese Life

6039:"Top News – Students dial up trouble in new twist to cheating" 5272: 4134:"Sen. to carriers: Why do text messages cost $ 1,300 per meg?" 1742:: «Slt koi29 on é jamé 2tro @ s batre pour la P. ;-)» = « 389:

network to the phone of Richard Jarvis, who was at a party in

9791: 9728: 9036: 6673:

Arce, Alberto; Butler, Desmond; Gillum, Jack (3 April 2014).

5392:

Hincapié-Ramos, Juan David; Irani, Pourang (1 January 2013).

5219: 4621:. Newhorizons.org. Archived from the original on 13 June 2010 4422:"Vodafone boosts mobile customers, ending long run of losses" 4138: 3713: 2100: 1950: 1869:

studied how we communicate at work] and found that 58% of US

1688:

Between 2009 and 2012 the U.S. secretly created and funded a

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workplaces. The U.S. And Canadian civil service both adopted

587: 311: 307: 185: 161: 140: 4526:"Text Messaging will be Huge for Mobile Operators in Africa" 2691:

GSM document 19/85, available on the GSM-SMG Archive DVD-ROM

9733: 8030: 7275:"The history behind text messaging's most dreadful feature" 7036:"Text Messaging Between Clinicians Increasing in Hospitals" 5526: 4979:"Teens Admit Text Messaging Most Distracting While Driving" 3728:"BBC Radio 2 - The Chris Evans Breakfast Show - Contact Us" 1980: 1642:, husbands can divorce their wives by the pronouncement of 1219: 899: 530: 181: 7550:"How Many Text Messages Are Sent a Day? (2023 Statistics)" 4046:

Pew Research Center’s Internet & American Life Project

3962: 2239:

International Journal of Contemporary Educational Research

1657:

before obtaining access to text messages without consent.

1586: 1144: 1138: 1132: 1126: 8741: 8166: 7376:"Warning over 'scam' that charges users to receive texts" 6797: 5321: 5256:

Gazzetta Medica Italiana: Archivio per le Scienze Mediche

4309: 4307: 4305: 4303: 4301: 4243:"China to Scan Text Messages to Spot 'Unhealthy Content'" 3970:"One billion text messages are sent every week in the UK" 3213: 3140: 2356:

Wood, Clare; Kemp, Nenagh; Waldron, Sam (November 2014).

2141: 2133:

Common conditions that can be chosen to send a text are:

878: 727:

states, effectively ending its use in the United States.

358: 346: 338: 124: 58: 6648:"The Social Impacts of Mobile Phones and Text Messaging" 4787: 852:

SMS is used to send "welcome" messages to mobile phones

123:

The term originally referred to messages sent using the

8139: 8134: 8124: 8107: 8102: 8091: 7707:"Most Text Messages Sent or Received in a Single Month" 5830:"'Sexting' Prevalent Among High-Schoolers, Study Finds" 5734:"'Sexting' prevalent among high-schoolers, study finds" 4746:. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 131–137. 4605:"5 Negative Effects of Mobile Phone In Our Social Life" 1925: 431: 7882:

Nokia files patent for Morse Code-generating cellphone

6818: 6675:"U'S' secretly created 'Cuban Twitter' to stir unrest" 6337: 6154: 6126: 6108:

Cell Phone Culture: Mobile technology in everyday life

5493: 5450: 4619:"Instant Messaging: Friend or Foe of Student Writing?" 4298: 3372:"Twitter user numbers overtaken by China's Sina Weibo" 2880:

The Cell Phone Reader: Essays in Social Transformation

2502:"IT in everyday life: View as single page | OpenLearn" 2269: 1734: 381:), used a personal computer to send the text message " 61:– the 160 character limit and difficulty of typing on 7857:"Back to the Future – Morse Code and Cellular Phones" 6297: 5356: 5009:"Texting And Driving Worse Than Drinking and Driving" 4528:. thepinehillsnews.com. 17 March 2009. Archived from 3923:"Best Mass Texting Services Of 2023 – Forbes Advisor" 3344: 2409:

Sadiq, Uzma; Ajmal, Muhammad; Suleman, Nazia (2022).

1415:

crashing was 23 times greater than when not texting.

1286:, "see you around" (literally: "to one of these four 458:, also typically use standard mail protocols such as 7604:"Sonja satte sms-verdensrekord | TV 2 Nyhetene" 7515:"AT&T and Verizon deny price-fixing accusations" 7406:"AT&T's text messages cost $ 1,310 per megabyte" 7063:"HIPAA compliant messaging for healthcare providers" 6440:"Boston police turn to text messages to fight crime" 5883:"U study: More teens 'sext' than previously thought" 5634:"Sexting with friends is the new High School "note"" 5027:"In Study, Texting Lifts Crash Risk by Large Margin" 4259: 3321:"More Than a Message: The Evolution of Conversation" 2849:"15 years of text messages, a 'cultural phenomenon'" 2547:"Conference on Information Systems Applied Research" 2469:"15 years of text messages, a 'cultural phenomenon'" 2068:

Ripley's Believe It Or Not 2010: Seeing Is Believing

1924:

magazine and the Utility Consumers' Action Network (

650: 591:

messaging applications made group messaging easier.

7849: 7683:. TECHNOLOGY News. 17 November 2007. Archived from 7338: 7249:

Boredom Studies Reader: Frameworks and Perspectives

7117: 7113: 7111: 5391: 4688:"Officials: Students can use 'text speak' on tests" 4356: 4354: 3898:"Group Texting for Businesses (Group MMS) | Twilio" 3229:"Converged-mobile-messaging analysis and forecasts" 2815:"Airwide Solutions Says Happy 15th Birthday to SMS" 2663:"The Text Message Turns 20: A Brief History of SMS" 2313:Cingel, Drew P.; Sundar, S. Shyam (December 2012). 1810:

Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act

1261:(which translates as "Texting: the Great Debate"), 688: 7598: 7596: 7496:"AT&T, Verizon Deny Text-Message Price-Fixing" 7399: 7397: 7292: 6766: 6764: 6762: 5688: 3614:"HTTP SMS API - Easy to implement - BudgetSMS.net" 3398:"Mountaineering Council of Scotland news 24/11/10" 3296:"How messaging apps change the way we communicate" 2995: 2877:. In Anandam P. Kavoori and Noah Arceneaux (ed.). 2220:Comparison of user features of messaging platforms 1726:($ 400) to anyone who "makes noise" in support of 1148:in Polish) are now being written without them (as 27:Act of typing and sending a brief, digital message 7729: 7577:. Gartner Group. 26 November 2002. Archived from 6551:"Police consider SMS Cronulla messages 'a crime'" 4822: 4578:"AFRICA: Text messages highlight drug stock-outs" 3645: 3643: 3641: 3639: 3351:Pew Research Center: Internet, Science & Tech 3118: 2408: 2095:A few competitions have been held between expert 1575:, uses Apple's Internet-based messaging service, 30:"Txt msg" redirects here. For the TV series, see 9927: 7738:"Rule of Thumbs: Koreans Reign in Texting World" 7108: 6697: 6406:. textually.org. 8 December 2005. Archived from 6298:Lewandowski, Gary; Harrington, Samantha (2006). 4942: 4351: 2875:"Casting a Powerful Spell: The Evolution of SMS" 2607:Just over fifty years ago, in October 1933, the 7875: 7593: 7394: 7245: 7125:Journal of Intercultural Communication Research 6759: 6621:"We were all young once, but teens need limits" 6593:"Police probe how 500 teens got a party invite" 6271: 6015:. Newsline.umd.edu. 17 May 2006. Archived from 6005: 5592: 5250:Uchiyama, M; Demura, S.; Natsuhori, E. (2012). 5179: 5111: 5109: 5107: 5105: 5103: 5071: 3714:"Vote! - Eurovision Song Contest Tel Aviv 2019" 3649: 2442:"Europe, Asia embrace GR8 way to stay in touch" 2355: 2172:, also called private message or direct message 7575:"Don't Use SMS for Confidential Communication" 7432:"Texting prices rise as carriers make profits" 7118:Shuter, Robert; Chattopadhyay, Sumana (2010). 6437: 6187:Harding, S. & Rosenberg, D. (Ed). (2005). 5857:"1 in 5 Teens 'Sexting' – Many Without a Clue" 4203: 3996:"The new proposal for reducing roaming prices" 3636: 3104:"Teens are sending 60 texts a day, study says" 2623:Herbst, Kris; Ubois, Jeff (14 November 1988). 1877: 1314:is also recognized in shorthand. For example, 1304:bào bao nǐ qīng qing nǐ yīshēng yìshì wǒ ài nǐ 147:, sad faces, and other icons), and on various 37:"Texter" redirects here. For the surname, see 8849: 7943: 7772:. United States. 6 April 2011. Archived from 7536:The death of SMS has been greatly exaggerated 7273:SFGATE, Dianne de Guzman (20 November 2020). 7088:"New Zealand woman diagnosed with text thumb" 5115: 4580:. PlusNews. 17 September 2009. Archived from 4554:. Brian S Hall. 28 March 2011. Archived from 4385: 4383: 4332:"Manila's Talk of the Town Is Text Messaging" 3744:. Live.psu.edu. 31 March 2008. Archived from 3257: 2993: 2728:Introduction to CCITT Signalling System No. 7 2554:How Mobile Technology is Changing Our Culture 2544: 1890:In some text messaging software products, an 1496:have been victims of such abuses of sexting. 1302: 1164:) to enable using cell phones without Polish 478:A person recreationally text messaging using 325:conceptualised SMS in 1984 while working for 7833: 7766:"World Record Texting Speed App – iTextFast" 7318: 7302:. Kathirvel.com. 7 July 2010. Archived from 7214: 6703: 6666: 5245: 5243: 5215: 5213: 5211: 5100: 4892:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 4769:"Thumbspeak" Menand, Louis. 20 October 2008. 4189:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 4156:Journal of Social and Personal Relationships 3558:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 2415:Competitive Social Sciences Research Journal 2312: 2077:sponsored an international competition, the 411:Digital Enhanced Cordless Telecommunications 9864:Global telecommunications regulation bodies 7788: 7538:. Phonearena.com. Retrieved on 8 June 2015. 7346:"UCAN report on Sprint SPAM SMS settlement" 5116:Sammy Licence; et al. (29 July 2015). 5067: 5065: 5063: 5061: 5059: 4945:British Journal of Developmental Psychology 4712: 4602: 4466:. Vodafone.co.nz. Retrieved on 8 June 2015. 3580:. Archived from the original on 30 May 2013 3214:"Receive Texts for Free | the SMS Bay" 2740: 2622: 2362:British Journal of Developmental Psychology 1979:(exclusive to the Apple ecosystem) and the 1722:A text message that (he says) promises 500 1022:revolution, which overthrew then-President 993:selective interpersonal relationship theory 234:. Unsourced material may be challenged and 9900: 8856: 8842: 7950: 7936: 7840:Nokia app lets you key SMSes in Morse Code 7758: 7493: 7217:"Executives Demand Communications Arsenal" 7192:"How do we communicate in business today?" 6468:. 27 July 2003 – via news.bbc.co.uk. 5315: 4380: 4240: 3940: 3652:"Cheapo textable landline numbers for all" 2973:"Lange-afstandsbediening met uw mobieltje" 2700: 2045: 1848:impolite text messages. At the website of 1247:some of the world's languages. The use of 7816: 7326:"Sprint and Cingular Named in Complaints" 7010: 6953: 6943: 6902: 6836: 6729: 6514: 6172: 5961:"Why teens indulge in so much 'sexting'?" 5666:. Thenationalcampaign.org. Archived from 5468: 5298: 5266: 5240: 5208: 5175: 5173: 5153: 5143: 4281: 3972:. Mobile Data Association. Archived from 3742:"Penn State Live – PSUTXT test a success" 3171: 3169: 2389: 2250: 1965: 1698:U.S. Agency for International Development 1210:software, which attempts to guess words ( 1192:) sound like the words for "I love you" ( 995:, claiming that mobile phones can change 254:Learn how and when to remove this message 7735: 6572:"Man in court over Cronulla revenge SMS" 5586: 5056: 3148:"Filipinos sent 1 billion text messages" 2761: 2525: 2232: 1881: 1794: 1733: 1717: 1532: 1418: 1376: 1366: 1086: 847: 484: 473: 266:The service is referred to by different 77:A text message conversation on an iPhone 72: 52: 7512: 7462: 7208: 6991:American Journal of Preventive Medicine 6590: 6569: 6466:"Malaysia permits text message divorce" 6235: 6193:. London: Duke University Press, p. 84 6060:. Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press. 5757: 4739: 3772:Financial Industry Regulatory Authority 3491: 3263: 3226: 2907: 2872: 2846: 2545:Morris, Robert; Pinchot, Jamie (2010). 2466: 1587:Influence on perceptions of the student 770:Financial Industry Regulatory Authority 409:frequency régime had blocked for DECT ( 14: 9946:Computer-related introductions in 1985 9928: 8863: 7547: 7272: 6496: 6333: 6331: 6329: 6327: 5854: 5350: 5170: 4419: 4241:Lafraniere, Sharon (20 January 2010). 3220: 3166: 1537:Two girls text during class at school. 1200:) sounds like the curse "go to hell" ( 830: 636:avalanche. A similar system, known as 425:fraud, which was possible by changing 310:postal service) introduced the first " 8837: 7931: 7429: 7403: 7252:. Taylor & Francis. p. 147. 7080: 7033: 6618: 6591:Miletic, Daniella (13 January 2008). 6307:Current Research in Social Psychology 6055: 5453:Ubiquitous Intelligence and Computing 3867: 3865: 3844:"How to Send a Group Text on Android" 3574:"Technical & Pricing Information" 3175: 3081:"Living the fast, young life in Asia" 2908:Dresser, Michael (16 November 1995). 2866: 2847:Shannon, Victoria (5 December 2007). 2787: 2725: 2467:Shannon, Victoria (5 December 2007). 2040: 1913:In 2002, an increasing trend towards 1076: 1050: 622: 65:keypads led to the abbreviations of " 9910: 7513:Reardon, Marguerite (16 June 2009). 6619:Nixon, Christine (15 January 2008). 6404:"SMS Alert Service for Dutch Police" 5608:"Texting: From Faux Pas to Faux Sex" 3126:"News report on text rates for 2001" 3027:. Routomessaging.com. Archived from 2959:"TCP/IP Internetworking With 'gawk'" 2788:Ahmed, Rashmee Z (4 December 2002). 1997: 1790: 1651:Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court 345:of Kevin Holley and Ian Harris (see 232:adding citations to reliable sources 199: 7897:George, Justin (11 September 2008) 7713:. 14 September 2010. Archived from 7677:"World's fastest texter in Dunedin" 6442:. Computerworld.com. Archived from 6324: 5564:"Encyclopedia of Risks and Threats" 4906: 4653: 4507:(1216). 3 June 2005. Archived from 4477:"A free TXT service to say Call Me" 4110:"Notice of Text Messaging Increase" 3686: 3492:Lakhani, Nina (24 September 2011). 3420:"goforawalk.com news December 2010" 2762:Perryman, Francesca (6 July 2016). 2748:Australian Broadcasting Corporation 1940: 1815: 355:Integrated Services Digital Network 24: 8780:USA use restrictions while driving 8755:Legality of recording by civilians 7736:Sang-hun, Choe (27 January 2010). 7606:. Tv2nyhetene.no. 14 November 2009 7494:Albanesius, Chloe (16 June 2009). 7215:Alison Diana (30 September 2010). 6681:. Associated Press. Archived from 6272:Kimberly Gedeon (8 October 2022). 6209: 6082:"Exams ban for mobile phone users" 5997:. 13 December 2008. Archived from 5731: 5279:Accident Analysis & Prevention 5182:Accident Analysis & Prevention 4262:Knowledge, Technology & Policy 3948:"RTE article on Ireland SMS usage" 3862: 3803:from the original on 3 March 2016. 3227:Crocker, Peter (15 January 2013). 2943:. 12 February 2001. Archived from 2225: 1303: 1278:("where are you") and French k7 = 927:), was released by Finnish author 708: 671: 373:, a 22-year-old test engineer for 337:, he developed a proposal for the 25: 9967: 7957: 7915:"Schooling fans on good behavior" 7819:"Nokia Mobile Phones Easter Eggs" 7626:"Fastest fingers top text record" 7350:Utility Consumers' Action Network 6772:"Text Messaging in U.S. Politics" 6650:. Dgp.toronto.edu. Archived from 4713:Crace, John (16 September 2008). 3650:Andrew Orlowski (18 April 2008). 3442:"911 Services And Text Messaging" 3264:Withers, Paul (23 January 2013). 2883:. New York: Peter Lang. pp. 2821:. 5 December 2007. Archived from 2115: 2107: 1120:. In certain languages utilizing 1059: 657:National Health Service (England) 651:Reminders of medical appointments 349:). SMS forms an integral part of 9909: 9899: 9890: 9889: 9878: 9499:Free-space optical communication 8817: 8816: 8805: 8793: 7908: 7891: 7810: 7699: 7669: 7644: 7618: 7541: 7529: 7506: 7487: 7456: 7423: 7368: 7352:. 5 October 2006. Archived from 7266: 7239: 7184: 7152: 7055: 7027: 6978: 6919: 6861: 6812: 6790: 6723: 6640: 6612: 6584: 6570:Kennedy, Les (6 December 2006). 6563: 6543: 6523: 6490: 6472: 6458: 6431: 6428:CryptoSMS – Crypto for Criminals 6422: 6396: 6387: 6378: 6291: 6265: 6229: 6203: 6181: 6148: 6120: 6100: 6074: 6049: 6031: 5983: 5953: 5927: 5897: 5875: 5848: 5822: 5802: 5777: 5751: 5725: 5682: 5656: 5626: 5600: 5520: 5487: 5444: 5418: 5385: 5039: 4220:10.1111/j.1460-2466.2006.00023.x 3687:Bud, Andrew (12 December 2013). 3400:. Mcofs.org.uk. 24 November 2010 3101: 1937:in the United Kingdom, in 2012. 1702:Office of Transition Initiatives 1692:-like service for Cubans called 1660: 1613: 1243:explores how text messaging has 934: 838: 768:, issued to member firms by the 742: 689:Text messaging gateway providers 599: 281:SMS § Developmental history 204: 7899:"Bucs fans can tattle via text" 7656:The book of alternative records 6438:Weiss, Todd R. (18 June 2007). 6236:Higgins, Tim (8 January 2022). 5019: 5001: 4971: 4936: 4900: 4851: 4816: 4781: 4772: 4760: 4733: 4706: 4680: 4647: 4611: 4596: 4570: 4544: 4518: 4500:The New Zealand Medical Journal 4487: 4469: 4457: 4441: 4413: 4324: 4253: 4234: 4197: 4146: 4126: 4102: 4084: 4059: 4033: 4009: 3988: 3915: 3890: 3836: 3807: 3785: 3760: 3734: 3720: 3706: 3680: 3662: 3606: 3566: 3513: 3485: 3459: 3434: 3412: 3390: 3364: 3338: 3313: 3288: 3206: 3192: 3095: 3073: 3043: 3017: 2987: 2965: 2951: 2929: 2901: 2840: 2807: 2790:"UK hails 10th birthday of SMS" 2781: 2755: 2741:Ariel Bogle (3 December 2017). 2734: 2719: 2694: 2526:Wakeford, N. (1 January 2003). 2233:Al-Kadi̇, Abdu (17 June 2019). 2059:The Book of Alternative Records 1395:2008 Chatsworth train collision 911:in November 2004. In 2006, the 594: 7867:. 28 June 2005. Archived from 7817:eeggs.com (21 November 2001). 7711:The Universal Records Database 7430:Jones, Ashley (28 July 2009). 7034:Terry, Ken (31 October 2012). 6531:"Text messages 'fuel trouble'" 5859:. PsychCentral. Archived from 5758:Collins, Lois (16 June 2012). 5086:10.1016/j.gaitpost.2011.12.005 4985:. 19 July 2007. Archived from 4092:"Sprint Nextel Text Messaging" 3824:. January 2009. Archived from 3815:"Mobile Banking Overview (NA)" 3158:. 4 March 2008. Archived from 2685: 2655: 2616: 2579: 2538: 2519: 2494: 2460: 2434: 2084:Guinness Book of World Records 2053:Guinness Book of World Records 1766:On 20 January 2001, President 1707: 1683:2009 Iranian election protests 1638:Under some interpretations of 1387:Liberty Mutual Insurance Group 1029: 1012: 818: 714:typically divided between the 676: 403:private communication services 195: 13: 1: 7548:Knight, Steven (9 May 2023). 7469:. New York: Oxford. pp. 6987:"Health and the mobile phone" 6704:Olson, Parmy (4 April 2014). 6384:Fortress SMS technical report 6313:(15): 215–226. Archived from 5855:Nauert, Rick (14 June 2012). 4790:Journal of Children and Media 4603:Shoeb Adnan (14 March 2015). 4420:McBeth, Paul (22 July 2013). 3670:"Short Message Service (SMS)" 2427: 2124: 2090: 1897: 1528: 809:non-governmental organization 615:) and its Chinese equivalent 44:For chatting in general, see 9885:Telecommunication portal 9666:Telecommunications equipment 8800:Telecommunication portal 7138:10.1080/17475759.2010.526319 7003:10.1016/j.amepre.2008.05.001 6740:International Herald Tribune 6161:Psicología Educativa (Spain) 5939:International Business Times 5461:10.1007/978-3-642-16355-5_45 5359:Applied Cognitive Psychology 5222:Applied Cognitive Psychology 5145:10.1371/journal.pone.0133281 4802:10.1080/17482798.2014.931290 3822:Mobile Marketing Association 2997:"Geolocation with the ATM18" 1842: 1738:A recruitment ban in French 1274:, "you are". Example: dv6 = 782:Mobile Marketing Association 720:value added service provider 666:radiology information system 129:Multimedia Messaging Service 7: 9402:Alexander Stepanovich Popov 7404:Biggs, John (1 July 2008). 6887:10.1136/openhrt-2019-001017 5885:. Fox 13 News. 15 June 2012 5691:Archives of Sexual Behavior 3950:. Rte.ie. 26 September 2006 2994:Grégory Ester (June 2011). 2158: 1878:Typing awareness indicators 1757:Andrés Manuel López Obrador 1669:in Sydney resulting in the 1549: 154: 133:Rich Communication Services 10: 9972: 9106:Telecommunications history 8722:Phantom vibration syndrome 8717:Mental health from overuse 7300:"Accident Claim Text Scam" 5612:From the Mind of GrandDiva 5324:Journal of Safety Research 4042:"The Rise of Apps Culture" 3873:"How to Send a Group Text" 3347:"Social Media Update 2016" 2873:Snowden, Collette (2006). 2186:Enhanced Messaging Service 1906: 1819: 1711: 1553: 1516:Excessive citations inline 1465: 1461: 1370: 1080: 864:subscriber to the UK, and 815:smartphones in the 2000s. 603: 489:An SMS text message on an 278: 274: 43: 36: 29: 9873: 9815: 9752: 9714:Public Switched Telephone 9674: 9638: 9595: 9536: 9526:telecommunication circuit 9487:Fiber-optic communication 9470: 9232:Francis Blake (telephone) 9179: 9027:Optical telecommunication 8871: 8788: 8740: 8687: 8617: 8526: 8469: 8436: 8423: 8401:Open-source mobile phones 8362: 8314: 8264: 8253: 8152: 8071: 7979: 7965: 6577:The Sydney Morning Herald 6536:The Sydney Morning Herald 5703:10.1007/s10508-012-9969-8 5336:10.1016/j.jsr.2011.01.004 5291:10.1016/j.aap.2011.07.011 5194:10.1016/j.aap.2007.04.005 4639:: CS1 maint: unfit URL ( 4464:Vodafone history timeline 4274:10.1007/s12130-008-9045-9 3598:: CS1 maint: unfit URL ( 3538:10.1176/appi.ps.201100211 3176:HULIQ (24 January 2008). 3156:Philippine Daily Inquirer 2937:"GSM World press release" 2591:Telecommunication Journal 913:Prime Minister of Finland 856:between countries. 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(2010). 2331:10.1177/1461444812442927 2288:10.1177/0093650210362465 1850:The Emily Post Institute 1828:repetitive strain injury 1806:type 1 diabetes mellitus 1714:Political text messaging 1003: 967: 112:or may also be sent via 9504:Molecular communication 9327:Gardiner Greene Hubbard 9156:Undersea telegraph line 8891:Cable protection system 8765:Photography and the law 8760:Mobile phones in prison 7919:sportsbusinessdaily.com 7652:"Fastest Text Messager" 7463:Crystal, David (2008). 6497:Goggin, Gerard (2006). 6344:New Media & Society 6243:The Wall Street Journal 6190:Histories of the Future 5537:10.1145/2162081.2162089 5504:10.1145/2677972.2677973 5402:10.1145/2470654.2466463 4825:New Media & Society 4740:Crystal, David (2008). 3152:technology.inquirer.net 2319:New Media & Society 2046:Records and competition 1902: 1622:agencies is the use of 1521:considered for deletion 887:Eurovision Song Contest 872:UK customer to Belgium. 786:Mobile Banking Overview 778:Service Level Agreement 716:mobile network operator 469: 430:of networks, including 351:Signalling System No. 7 9646:Communication protocol 9432:Charles Sumner Tainter 9247:Walter Houser Brattain 9192:Edwin Howard Armstrong 9000:Information revolution 6110:. New York: Routledge 4860:Communication Research 4017:"Wireless Quick Facts" 3797:Mobile Industry Review 2587:"Fifty years of telex" 2276:Communication Research 1966:Increasing competition 1887: 1800: 1747: 1731: 1538: 1382: 1176:and later in Internet 1174:bulletin board systems 1092: 873: 497: 482: 78: 70: 9936:2000s fads and trends 9620:Polarization-division 9352:Narinder Singh Kapany 9317:Erna Schneider Hoover 9237:Jagadish Chandra Bose 9217:Alexander Graham Bell 8948:online video platform 8812:Telephones portal 8775:Texting while driving 8712:External power supply 8411:Windows Phone devices 6955:10536/DRO/DU:30109150 6945:10.1093/pubmed/fdv009 6174:10.5093/ed2011v17n2a4 5664:"Sex and Tech Survey" 4918:University of Calgary 4511:on 24 November 2009. 2532:Bt Technology Journal 2252:10.33200/ijcer.534692 2210:scribal abbreviations 1960:Sherman Antitrust Act 1907:Further information: 1885: 1798: 1737: 1721: 1536: 1419:Texting while walking 1380: 1373:Texting while driving 1367:Texting while driving 1270:, "six", is used for 1196:). The sequence 748 ( 1090: 1067:participatory culture 851: 776:in introducing SLAs ( 488: 477: 347:Short Message Service 178:direct text marketing 125:Short Message Service 76: 57:A text message using 56: 9462:Vladimir K. Zworykin 9422:Almon Brown Strowger 9392:Charles Grafton Page 9047:Prepaid mobile phone 8975:Electrical telegraph 8727:Radiation and health 8043:Standards comparison 7204:on 23 December 2010. 6129:Developmental Review 5574:on 22 September 2009 4983:Liberty Mutual Group 4584:on 27 September 2011 4452:Vodafone New Zealand 4142:. 10 September 2008. 3526:Psychiatric Services 2947:on 15 February 2002. 2575:– via CONISAR. 2560:: 10. Archived from 1476:The Sunday Telegraph 1168:or to save space in 952:service. Moreover, " 784:(MMA) published the 754:payment card company 323:Friedhelm Hillebrand 300:In 1933, the German 293:was developed using 287:electrical telegraph 228:improve this section 9412:Johann Philipp Reis 9171:Wireless revolution 9133:The Telephone Cases 8990:Hydraulic telegraph 7921:(21 November 2011). 7717:on 28 December 2010 7581:on 14 December 2002 7466:txting; the gr8 db8 7227:on 20 November 2010 6747:on 8 September 2006 6654:on 17 February 2008 6539:. 11 December 2005. 6001:on 1 February 2009. 5136:2015PLoSO..1033281L 4989:on 19 November 2008 4924:on 20 February 2012 4483:on 10 January 2015. 4448:Company information 3831:on 5 February 2009. 3676:on 8 December 2014. 3031:on 6 September 2013 2825:on 19 November 2008 2726:ITU-T, ed. (1993). 2609:Deutsche Reichspost 2144:, stored maps, and 2079:LG Mobile World Cup 1671:2005 Cronulla riots 1357:academic literature 1284:à un de ces quatres 1253:Ethiopian languages 945:Pew Research Center 831:Online SMS services 645:satellite messaging 584:Telegram (software) 331:Bernard Ghillebaert 291:wireless telegraphy 9610:Frequency-division 9587:Telephone exchange 9457:Charles Wheatstone 9387:Jun-ichi Nishizawa 9362:Innocenzo Manzetti 9297:Reginald Fessenden 9032:Optical telegraphy 8865:Telecommunications 7743:The New York Times 7437:The Daily Universe 7331:The New York Times 7172:on 26 January 2008 7096:. 24 December 2007 6559:. 9 December 2005. 6320:on 5 January 2014. 5815:University of Utah 5614:. 13 February 2007 5568:MySecureCyberspace 5470:20.500.11937/14536 5074:Gait & Posture 5032:The New York Times 4908:Lee, Joan Hwechong 4743:Txtng: the gr8 db8 4694:. 13 November 2006 4337:The New York Times 4247:The New York Times 3624:on 4 February 2016 2853:The New York Times 2794:The Times of India 2473:The New York Times 2374:10.1111/bjdp.12049 2196:Operator messaging 2140:. With the use of 2041:In popular culture 2007:provider based on 1888: 1801: 1748: 1732: 1730:in the coming days 1571:'s messaging app, 1539: 1505:University of Utah 1383: 1330:Research by Rosen 1258:Txtng: the Gr8 Db8 1093: 1077:Effect on language 1051:Sub-Saharan Africa 874: 798:Machine-to-Machine 623:Emergency services 568:Facebook Messenger 498: 483: 391:Newbury, Berkshire 79: 71: 9923: 9922: 9661:Store and forward 9656:Data transmission 9570:Network switching 9521:Transmission line 9367:Guglielmo Marconi 9332:Internet pioneers 9197:Mohamed M. Atalla 9166:Whistled language 8831: 8830: 8770:Telephone tapping 8613: 8612: 8561:Instant messaging 8419: 8418: 8148: 8147: 7884:, 12 March 2005, 7800:timesonline.co.uk 7554:SellCell.com Blog 7480:978-0-19-954490-5 7259:978-1-317-40361-6 6838:10.2337/dc15-0505 6733:(29 March 2009). 6446:on 9 January 2014 6106:Goggin, G (2006) 5738:Salt Lake Tribune 5480:978-3-642-16354-8 4753:978-0-19-162340-0 4558:on 12 August 2011 4098:on 25 March 2010. 4029:on 20 April 2010. 3799:. 29 April 2008. 2915:The Baltimore Sun 2894:978-0-8204-7919-4 2819:Airwide Solutions 2817:(Press release). 2712:978-0-470-68865-6 2669:. 3 December 2012 2625:"The competition" 2567:on 11 August 2021 2423: 2404: 2351: 2308: 2265: 2165:Instant messaging 2073:In January 2010, 2003:companies use an 1998:Security concerns 1947:AT&T Mobility 1935:consumer watchdog 1909:Mobile phone spam 1871:knowledge workers 1791:Use in healthcare 1353:literature review 921:Viimeiset viestit 750:instant messaging 576:Signal (software) 560:Spark New Zealand 519:one-time password 405:(PCS) – what the 379:Airwide Solutions 264: 263: 256: 149:instant messaging 16:(Redirected from 9963: 9913: 9912: 9903: 9902: 9893: 9892: 9883: 9882: 9881: 9754:Notable networks 9744:Wireless network 9684:Cellular network 9676:Types of network 9651:Computer network 9538:Network topology 9452:Thomas A. Watson 9307:Oliver Heaviside 9292:Philo Farnsworth 9267:Daniel Davis Jr. 9242:Charles Bourseul 9202:John Logie Baird 8911:Data compression 8906:Computer network 8858: 8851: 8844: 8835: 8834: 8820: 8819: 8810: 8809: 8808: 8798: 8797: 8796: 8707:Electronic waste 8697:BlackBerry thumb 8647:Japanese culture 8434: 8433: 8394:iOS jailbreaking 8262: 8261: 8184:Operating system 7999:Network operator 7984:Channel capacity 7977: 7976: 7952: 7945: 7938: 7929: 7928: 7922: 7912: 7906: 7895: 7889: 7879: 7873: 7872: 7865:O'Reilly Network 7853: 7847: 7837: 7831: 7830: 7828: 7826: 7814: 7808: 7807: 7806:. 16 April 2005. 7804:The Times Online 7792: 7786: 7785: 7783: 7781: 7762: 7756: 7755: 7753: 7751: 7733: 7727: 7726: 7724: 7722: 7703: 7697: 7696: 7694: 7692: 7673: 7667: 7666: 7664: 7662: 7648: 7642: 7641: 7639: 7637: 7622: 7616: 7615: 7613: 7611: 7600: 7591: 7590: 7588: 7586: 7571: 7565: 7564: 7562: 7560: 7545: 7539: 7533: 7527: 7526: 7524: 7522: 7510: 7504: 7503: 7491: 7485: 7484: 7460: 7454: 7453: 7451: 7449: 7444:on 28 March 2010 7440:. 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Archived from 6727: 6721: 6720: 6718: 6716: 6701: 6695: 6694: 6692: 6690: 6670: 6664: 6663: 6661: 6659: 6644: 6638: 6637: 6635: 6633: 6616: 6610: 6609: 6607: 6605: 6588: 6582: 6581: 6567: 6561: 6560: 6547: 6541: 6540: 6527: 6521: 6520: 6518: 6516:10.5204/mcj.2582 6494: 6488: 6487: 6476: 6470: 6469: 6462: 6456: 6455: 6453: 6451: 6435: 6429: 6426: 6420: 6419: 6417: 6415: 6410:on 22 March 2012 6400: 6394: 6391: 6385: 6382: 6376: 6375: 6335: 6322: 6321: 6319: 6304: 6295: 6289: 6288: 6286: 6284: 6269: 6263: 6262: 6260: 6258: 6233: 6227: 6226: 6224: 6222: 6207: 6201: 6185: 6179: 6178: 6176: 6152: 6146: 6144: 6124: 6118: 6104: 6098: 6097: 6095: 6093: 6078: 6072: 6071: 6053: 6047: 6046: 6041:. Archived from 6035: 6029: 6028: 6026: 6024: 6019:on 23 March 2012 6009: 6003: 6002: 5995:The Plain Dealer 5987: 5981: 5980: 5978: 5976: 5967:. Archived from 5957: 5951: 5950: 5948: 5946: 5931: 5925: 5924: 5922: 5920: 5911:. 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Archived from 4013: 4007: 4006: 4004: 4002: 3992: 3986: 3985: 3983: 3981: 3966: 3960: 3959: 3957: 3955: 3944: 3938: 3937: 3935: 3933: 3919: 3913: 3912: 3910: 3908: 3894: 3888: 3887: 3885: 3883: 3869: 3860: 3859: 3857: 3855: 3840: 3834: 3832: 3830: 3819: 3811: 3805: 3804: 3789: 3783: 3782: 3780: 3778: 3764: 3758: 3757: 3755: 3753: 3748:on 20 March 2012 3738: 3732: 3731: 3724: 3718: 3717: 3710: 3704: 3703: 3701: 3699: 3684: 3678: 3677: 3672:. Archived from 3666: 3660: 3659: 3647: 3634: 3633: 3631: 3629: 3620:. Archived from 3610: 3604: 3603: 3597: 3589: 3587: 3585: 3570: 3564: 3563: 3557: 3549: 3517: 3511: 3510: 3508: 3506: 3489: 3483: 3482: 3480: 3478: 3473:. 5 January 2023 3463: 3457: 3456: 3454: 3452: 3438: 3432: 3431: 3429: 3427: 3416: 3410: 3409: 3407: 3405: 3394: 3388: 3387: 3385: 3383: 3368: 3362: 3361: 3359: 3357: 3342: 3336: 3335: 3333: 3331: 3317: 3311: 3310: 3308: 3306: 3292: 3286: 3285: 3283: 3281: 3276:on 24 April 2013 3272:. Archived from 3261: 3255: 3254: 3252: 3250: 3244: 3238:. Archived from 3233: 3224: 3218: 3217: 3210: 3204: 3203: 3200:"Send text free" 3196: 3190: 3189: 3187: 3185: 3173: 3164: 3163: 3144: 3138: 3137: 3136:on 5 April 2004. 3132:. Archived from 3122: 3116: 3115: 3113: 3111: 3099: 3093: 3092: 3091:on 6 March 2012. 3087:. Archived from 3077: 3071: 3070: 3068: 3066: 3061:on 30 March 2012 3057:. Archived from 3047: 3041: 3040: 3038: 3036: 3021: 3015: 3014: 3012: 3010: 2999: 2991: 2985: 2984: 2982: 2980: 2969: 2963: 2962: 2955: 2949: 2948: 2933: 2927: 2926: 2924: 2922: 2905: 2899: 2898: 2870: 2864: 2863: 2861: 2859: 2844: 2838: 2837: 2832: 2830: 2811: 2805: 2804: 2802: 2800: 2785: 2779: 2778: 2776: 2774: 2759: 2753: 2752: 2738: 2732: 2731: 2723: 2717: 2716: 2698: 2692: 2689: 2683: 2682: 2676: 2674: 2659: 2653: 2652: 2647: 2645: 2620: 2614: 2613: 2604: 2602: 2583: 2577: 2576: 2574: 2572: 2566: 2551: 2542: 2536: 2535: 2523: 2517: 2516: 2514: 2512: 2498: 2492: 2491: 2489: 2487: 2464: 2458: 2457: 2455: 2453: 2438: 2422: 2407: 2403: 2393: 2354: 2350: 2325:(8): 1304–1320. 2311: 2307: 2268: 2264: 2254: 2231: 2191:Mobile dial code 2170:Personal message 1941:Pricing concerns 1921:Consumer Reports 1822:BlackBerry thumb 1816:Medical concerns 1524: 1351:also presents a 1306: 1186:Mandarin Chinese 543:Kwame Kilpatrick 327:Deutsche Telekom 259: 252: 248: 245: 239: 208: 200: 110:cellular network 94:tablet computers 39:Texter (surname) 21: 9971: 9970: 9966: 9965: 9964: 9962: 9961: 9960: 9926: 9925: 9924: 9919: 9879: 9877: 9869: 9811: 9748: 9670: 9634: 9591: 9540: 9532: 9473: 9466: 9372:Robert Metcalfe 9227:Tim Berners-Lee 9175: 8995:Information Age 8867: 8862: 8832: 8827: 8806: 8804: 8794: 8792: 8784: 8736: 8689: 8683: 8609: 8522: 8465: 8461:Cloud computing 8427: 8425: 8415: 8406:Symbian devices 8372:Android devices 8358: 8310: 8301:Satellite phone 8296:Projector phone 8256: 8249: 8154: 8144: 8067: 7972: 7968: 7961: 7956: 7926: 7925: 7913: 7909: 7896: 7892: 7880: 7876: 7871:on 3 July 2005. 7855: 7854: 7850: 7842:, 1 June 2005, 7838: 7834: 7824: 7822: 7815: 7811: 7794: 7793: 7789: 7779: 7777: 7776:on 25 July 2011 7764: 7763: 7759: 7749: 7747: 7734: 7730: 7720: 7718: 7705: 7704: 7700: 7690: 7688: 7687:on 1 March 2013 7675: 7674: 7670: 7660: 7658: 7650: 7649: 7645: 7635: 7633: 7632:. 22 March 2005 7624: 7623: 7619: 7609: 7607: 7602: 7601: 7594: 7584: 7582: 7573: 7572: 7568: 7558: 7556: 7546: 7542: 7534: 7530: 7520: 7518: 7511: 7507: 7492: 7488: 7481: 7461: 7457: 7447: 7445: 7428: 7424: 7414: 7412: 7402: 7395: 7385: 7383: 7382:. 28 March 2012 7374: 7373: 7369: 7359: 7357: 7356:on 18 July 2007 7344: 7343: 7339: 7334:. 21 July 2005. 7324: 7323: 7319: 7309: 7307: 7298: 7297: 7293: 7283: 7281: 7271: 7267: 7260: 7244: 7240: 7230: 7228: 7221:InformationWeek 7213: 7209: 7190: 7189: 7185: 7175: 7173: 7158: 7157: 7153: 7116: 7109: 7099: 7097: 7086: 7085: 7081: 7071: 7069: 7061: 7060: 7056: 7046: 7044: 7041:InformationWeek 7032: 7028: 6983: 6979: 6924: 6920: 6866: 6862: 6817: 6813: 6803: 6801: 6796: 6795: 6791: 6781: 6779: 6778:. 1 August 2006 6770: 6769: 6760: 6750: 6748: 6731:Nagourney, Adam 6728: 6724: 6714: 6712: 6702: 6698: 6688: 6686: 6685:on 3 April 2014 6679:Washington Post 6671: 6667: 6657: 6655: 6646: 6645: 6641: 6631: 6629: 6617: 6613: 6603: 6601: 6589: 6585: 6568: 6564: 6549: 6548: 6544: 6529: 6528: 6524: 6495: 6491: 6478: 6477: 6473: 6464: 6463: 6459: 6449: 6447: 6436: 6432: 6427: 6423: 6413: 6411: 6402: 6401: 6397: 6392: 6388: 6383: 6379: 6336: 6325: 6317: 6302: 6296: 6292: 6282: 6280: 6270: 6266: 6256: 6254: 6234: 6230: 6220: 6218: 6210:Molina, Brett. 6208: 6204: 6186: 6182: 6153: 6149: 6125: 6121: 6105: 6101: 6091: 6089: 6088:. 15 April 2005 6080: 6079: 6075: 6068: 6054: 6050: 6045:on 5 July 2009. 6037: 6036: 6032: 6022: 6020: 6011: 6010: 6006: 5989: 5988: 5984: 5974: 5972: 5971:on 6 March 2014 5965:Hindustan Times 5959: 5958: 5954: 5944: 5942: 5933: 5932: 5928: 5918: 5916: 5915:on 15 June 2012 5903: 5902: 5898: 5888: 5886: 5881: 5880: 5876: 5866: 5864: 5853: 5849: 5839: 5837: 5828: 5827: 5823: 5818:. 14 June 2012. 5808: 5807: 5803: 5793: 5791: 5783: 5782: 5778: 5768: 5766: 5756: 5752: 5742: 5740: 5732:Maffly, Brian. 5730: 5726: 5687: 5683: 5673: 5671: 5662: 5661: 5657: 5647: 5645: 5632: 5631: 5627: 5617: 5615: 5606: 5605: 5601: 5591: 5587: 5577: 5575: 5562: 5561: 5554: 5547: 5525: 5521: 5514: 5492: 5488: 5481: 5449: 5445: 5435: 5433: 5432:. 17 March 2014 5424: 5423: 5419: 5412: 5390: 5386: 5355: 5351: 5320: 5316: 5271: 5267: 5248: 5241: 5218: 5209: 5178: 5171: 5130:(7): e0133281. 5114: 5101: 5070: 5057: 5049: 5045: 5044: 5040: 5035:. 27 July 2009. 5025: 5024: 5020: 5015:. 25 June 2009. 5007: 5006: 5002: 4992: 4990: 4977: 4976: 4972: 4941: 4937: 4927: 4925: 4905: 4901: 4885: 4884: 4856: 4852: 4821: 4817: 4786: 4782: 4777: 4773: 4765: 4761: 4754: 4738: 4734: 4724: 4722: 4711: 4707: 4697: 4695: 4686: 4685: 4681: 4671: 4669: 4654:Boswell, Sean. 4652: 4648: 4632: 4631: 4624: 4622: 4617: 4616: 4612: 4601: 4597: 4587: 4585: 4576: 4575: 4571: 4561: 4559: 4550: 4549: 4545: 4535: 4533: 4532:on 2 April 2012 4524: 4523: 4519: 4493: 4492: 4488: 4475: 4474: 4470: 4462: 4458: 4446: 4442: 4432: 4430: 4418: 4414: 4404: 4402: 4401:on 23 July 2011 4389: 4388: 4381: 4371: 4369: 4360: 4359: 4352: 4342: 4340: 4330: 4329: 4325: 4312: 4299: 4258: 4254: 4239: 4235: 4202: 4198: 4182: 4181: 4151: 4147: 4132: 4131: 4127: 4122:on 19 May 2010. 4108: 4107: 4103: 4090: 4089: 4085: 4075: 4073: 4065: 4064: 4060: 4050: 4048: 4038: 4034: 4015: 4014: 4010: 4000: 3998: 3994: 3993: 3989: 3979: 3977: 3976:on 2 April 2012 3968: 3967: 3963: 3953: 3951: 3946: 3945: 3941: 3931: 3929: 3921: 3920: 3916: 3906: 3904: 3896: 3895: 3891: 3881: 3879: 3871: 3870: 3863: 3853: 3851: 3842: 3841: 3837: 3828: 3817: 3813: 3812: 3808: 3791: 3790: 3786: 3776: 3774: 3766: 3765: 3761: 3751: 3749: 3740: 3739: 3735: 3726: 3725: 3721: 3712: 3711: 3707: 3697: 3695: 3685: 3681: 3668: 3667: 3663: 3648: 3637: 3627: 3625: 3612: 3611: 3607: 3591: 3590: 3583: 3581: 3572: 3571: 3567: 3551: 3550: 3518: 3514: 3504: 3502: 3499:The Independent 3490: 3486: 3476: 3474: 3465: 3464: 3460: 3450: 3448: 3440: 3439: 3435: 3425: 3423: 3418: 3417: 3413: 3403: 3401: 3396: 3395: 3391: 3381: 3379: 3370: 3369: 3365: 3355: 3353: 3343: 3339: 3329: 3327: 3325:insights.fb.com 3319: 3318: 3314: 3304: 3302: 3294: 3293: 3289: 3279: 3277: 3262: 3258: 3248: 3246: 3242: 3231: 3225: 3221: 3212: 3211: 3207: 3198: 3197: 3193: 3183: 3181: 3174: 3167: 3162:on 10 May 2011. 3146: 3145: 3141: 3124: 3123: 3119: 3109: 3107: 3100: 3096: 3079: 3078: 3074: 3064: 3062: 3049: 3048: 3044: 3034: 3032: 3023: 3022: 3018: 3008: 3006: 2992: 2988: 2978: 2976: 2971: 2970: 2966: 2957: 2956: 2952: 2935: 2934: 2930: 2920: 2918: 2906: 2902: 2895: 2871: 2867: 2857: 2855: 2845: 2841: 2828: 2826: 2813: 2812: 2808: 2798: 2796: 2786: 2782: 2772: 2770: 2760: 2756: 2739: 2735: 2724: 2720: 2713: 2699: 2695: 2690: 2686: 2672: 2670: 2661: 2660: 2656: 2643: 2641: 2621: 2617: 2600: 2598: 2585: 2584: 2580: 2570: 2568: 2564: 2549: 2543: 2539: 2524: 2520: 2510: 2508: 2500: 2499: 2495: 2485: 2483: 2465: 2461: 2451: 2449: 2448:. 23 April 2004 2440: 2439: 2435: 2430: 2228: 2226:Further reading 2161: 2127: 2118: 2110: 2093: 2048: 2043: 2000: 1968: 1943: 1911: 1905: 1900: 1880: 1852:, the topic of 1845: 1824: 1818: 1793: 1785:esprit de corps 1753:Felipe Calderón 1716: 1710: 1675:Daily Telegraph 1663: 1620:law enforcement 1616: 1589: 1558: 1552: 1531: 1509: 1494:Adrienne Bailon 1490:Vanessa Hudgens 1470: 1464: 1421: 1375: 1369: 1348:Generation Text 1342:in her thesis, 1312:popular culture 1255:. In his book, 1208:Predictive text 1085: 1079: 1062: 1053: 1032: 1015: 1006: 997:social networks 970: 937: 846: 841: 833: 821: 745: 711: 709:Premium content 691: 679: 674: 672:Commercial uses 653: 638:Emergency Alert 625: 608: 602: 597: 515:confidentiality 472: 383:Merry Christmas 377:in the UK (now 283: 277: 260: 249: 243: 240: 225: 209: 198: 157: 49: 42: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 9969: 9959: 9958: 9956:Text messaging 9953: 9948: 9943: 9938: 9921: 9920: 9918: 9917: 9907: 9897: 9887: 9874: 9871: 9870: 9868: 9867: 9860: 9855: 9850: 9845: 9840: 9839: 9838: 9833: 9825: 9819: 9817: 9813: 9812: 9810: 9809: 9804: 9799: 9794: 9789: 9784: 9779: 9774: 9769: 9764: 9758: 9756: 9750: 9749: 9747: 9746: 9741: 9736: 9731: 9726: 9721: 9716: 9711: 9706: 9701: 9696: 9691: 9686: 9680: 9678: 9672: 9671: 9669: 9668: 9663: 9658: 9653: 9648: 9642: 9640: 9636: 9635: 9633: 9632: 9627: 9622: 9617: 9612: 9607: 9605:Space-division 9601: 9599: 9593: 9592: 9590: 9589: 9584: 9583: 9582: 9577: 9567: 9566: 9565: 9555: 9550: 9544: 9542: 9534: 9533: 9531: 9530: 9529: 9528: 9518: 9517: 9516: 9506: 9501: 9496: 9495: 9494: 9484: 9478: 9476: 9468: 9467: 9465: 9464: 9459: 9454: 9449: 9444: 9442:Camille Tissot 9439: 9434: 9429: 9424: 9419: 9417:Claude Shannon 9414: 9409: 9407:Tivadar Puskás 9404: 9399: 9394: 9389: 9384: 9379: 9377:Antonio Meucci 9374: 9369: 9364: 9359: 9354: 9349: 9347:Charles K. Kao 9344: 9339: 9334: 9329: 9324: 9322:Harold Hopkins 9319: 9314: 9309: 9304: 9299: 9294: 9289: 9284: 9279: 9274: 9269: 9264: 9259: 9254: 9249: 9244: 9239: 9234: 9229: 9224: 9222:Emile Berliner 9219: 9214: 9209: 9204: 9199: 9194: 9189: 9183: 9181: 9177: 9176: 9174: 9173: 9168: 9163: 9161:Videotelephony 9158: 9153: 9152: 9151: 9146: 9136: 9129: 9124: 9118: 9113: 9108: 9103: 9098: 9097: 9096: 9091: 9086: 9076: 9075: 9074: 9064: 9059: 9057:Radiotelephone 9054: 9049: 9044: 9039: 9034: 9029: 9024: 9023: 9022: 9012: 9007: 9002: 8997: 8992: 8987: 8982: 8977: 8972: 8967: 8962: 8961: 8960: 8955: 8950: 8945: 8943:Internet video 8935: 8934: 8933: 8928: 8923: 8918: 8908: 8903: 8898: 8893: 8888: 8883: 8877: 8875: 8869: 8868: 8861: 8860: 8853: 8846: 8838: 8829: 8828: 8826: 8825: 8814: 8802: 8789: 8786: 8785: 8783: 8782: 8777: 8772: 8767: 8762: 8757: 8752: 8746: 8744: 8738: 8737: 8735: 8734: 8729: 8724: 8719: 8714: 8709: 8704: 8702:Driving safety 8699: 8693: 8691: 8685: 8684: 8682: 8681: 8676: 8671: 8666: 8665: 8664: 8654: 8649: 8644: 8639: 8634: 8629: 8623: 8621: 8615: 8614: 8611: 8610: 8608: 8607: 8602: 8601: 8600: 8590: 8589: 8588: 8578: 8573: 8568: 8563: 8558: 8553: 8548: 8543: 8538: 8532: 8530: 8524: 8523: 8521: 8520: 8515: 8514: 8513: 8508: 8498: 8497: 8496: 8491: 8481: 8475: 8473: 8467: 8466: 8464: 8463: 8458: 8453: 8448: 8442: 8440: 8431: 8421: 8420: 8417: 8416: 8414: 8413: 8408: 8403: 8398: 8397: 8396: 8386: 8381: 8380: 8379: 8368: 8366: 8360: 8359: 8357: 8356: 8351: 8346: 8341: 8336: 8331: 8326: 8320: 8318: 8312: 8311: 8309: 8308: 8303: 8298: 8293: 8288: 8283: 8278: 8273: 8265: 8259: 8251: 8250: 8248: 8247: 8242: 8237: 8232: 8231: 8230: 8225: 8220: 8213:Text messaging 8210: 8209: 8208: 8198: 8197: 8196: 8186: 8181: 8176: 8175: 8174: 8164: 8158: 8156: 8150: 8149: 8146: 8145: 8143: 8142: 8137: 8132: 8127: 8122: 8117: 8116: 8115: 8105: 8100: 8094: 8089: 8084: 8077: 8075: 8069: 8068: 8066: 8065: 8060: 8055: 8050: 8045: 8040: 8039: 8038: 8033: 8028: 8018: 8013: 8008: 8007: 8006: 7996: 7991: 7986: 7980: 7974: 7963: 7962: 7955: 7954: 7947: 7940: 7932: 7924: 7923: 7907: 7890: 7874: 7861:oreillynet.com 7848: 7832: 7809: 7787: 7757: 7728: 7698: 7668: 7643: 7617: 7592: 7566: 7540: 7528: 7505: 7486: 7479: 7455: 7422: 7393: 7367: 7337: 7317: 7291: 7265: 7258: 7238: 7207: 7183: 7151: 7132:(2): 123–147. 7107: 7093:Brisbane Times 7079: 7054: 7026: 6977: 6938:(1): 163–169. 6918: 6881:(2): e001017. 6860: 6811: 6789: 6758: 6722: 6696: 6665: 6639: 6611: 6583: 6562: 6542: 6522: 6489: 6471: 6457: 6430: 6421: 6395: 6386: 6377: 6350:(5): 792–809. 6323: 6290: 6264: 6228: 6202: 6180: 6147: 6119: 6099: 6073: 6066: 6048: 6030: 6004: 5982: 5952: 5941:. 16 June 2012 5926: 5909:Times of India 5896: 5874: 5847: 5821: 5801: 5776: 5750: 5724: 5681: 5655: 5644:on 6 July 2009 5625: 5599: 5585: 5552: 5545: 5519: 5512: 5486: 5479: 5443: 5417: 5410: 5384: 5365:(5): 597–607. 5349: 5330:(2): 101–107. 5314: 5265: 5239: 5228:(4): 644–648. 5207: 5169: 5099: 5055: 5038: 5018: 5000: 4970: 4935: 4899: 4866:(3): 420–440. 4850: 4831:(2): 281–298. 4815: 4796:(4): 423–439. 4780: 4771: 4767:The New Yorker 4759: 4752: 4732: 4705: 4679: 4646: 4610: 4595: 4569: 4543: 4517: 4486: 4468: 4456: 4440: 4412: 4379: 4350: 4323: 4297: 4252: 4233: 4214:(2): 346–365. 4196: 4163:(5): 691–713. 4145: 4125: 4101: 4083: 4058: 4032: 4008: 3987: 3961: 3939: 3927:www.forbes.com 3914: 3889: 3861: 3835: 3806: 3784: 3759: 3733: 3719: 3705: 3679: 3661: 3635: 3605: 3565: 3512: 3484: 3458: 3433: 3422:. Go4awalk.com 3411: 3389: 3363: 3337: 3312: 3287: 3256: 3245:on 12 May 2013 3219: 3205: 3191: 3165: 3139: 3117: 3102:NGAK, CHENDA. 3094: 3072: 3055:Ozeki SMS wiki 3042: 3025:"SMS types on" 3016: 2986: 2964: 2950: 2928: 2900: 2893: 2865: 2839: 2806: 2780: 2754: 2733: 2718: 2711: 2693: 2684: 2654: 2615: 2578: 2537: 2518: 2493: 2459: 2432: 2431: 2429: 2426: 2425: 2424: 2405: 2368:(4): 415–429. 2352: 2309: 2282:(3): 420–440. 2266: 2227: 2224: 2223: 2222: 2217: 2206:Tironian notes 2203: 2198: 2193: 2188: 2183: 2178: 2176:Messaging apps 2173: 2167: 2160: 2157: 2156: 2155: 2149: 2126: 2123: 2117: 2116:Arena security 2114: 2109: 2108:Tattle texting 2106: 2092: 2089: 2075:LG Electronics 2047: 2044: 2042: 2039: 2035:character sets 2030:data retention 1999: 1996: 1967: 1964: 1942: 1939: 1904: 1901: 1899: 1896: 1879: 1876: 1844: 1841: 1820:Main article: 1817: 1814: 1792: 1789: 1768:Joseph Estrada 1761:Adrian Năstase 1709: 1706: 1667:Cronulla Beach 1662: 1659: 1615: 1612: 1588: 1585: 1554:Main article: 1551: 1548: 1530: 1527: 1466:Main article: 1463: 1460: 1420: 1417: 1400:Car and Driver 1371:Main article: 1368: 1365: 1240:The New Yorker 1237:An article in 1116:for their own 1114:Latin alphabet 1081:Main article: 1078: 1075: 1061: 1060:Social effects 1058: 1052: 1049: 1031: 1028: 1024:Joseph Estrada 1014: 1011: 1005: 1002: 969: 966: 936: 933: 929:Hannu Luntiala 917:Matti Vanhanen 845: 842: 840: 837: 832: 829: 820: 817: 744: 741: 710: 707: 690: 687: 678: 675: 673: 670: 652: 649: 624: 621: 604:Main article: 601: 598: 596: 593: 493:announcing an 471: 468: 421:in Baltimore. 335:France Télécom 276: 273: 268:colloquialisms 262: 261: 212: 210: 203: 197: 194: 156: 153: 82:Text messaging 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 9968: 9957: 9954: 9952: 9949: 9947: 9944: 9942: 9941:Brevity codes 9939: 9937: 9934: 9933: 9931: 9916: 9908: 9906: 9898: 9896: 9888: 9886: 9876: 9875: 9872: 9865: 9861: 9859: 9856: 9854: 9851: 9849: 9846: 9844: 9841: 9837: 9834: 9832: 9829: 9828: 9826: 9824: 9821: 9820: 9818: 9814: 9808: 9805: 9803: 9800: 9798: 9795: 9793: 9790: 9788: 9785: 9783: 9780: 9778: 9775: 9773: 9770: 9768: 9765: 9763: 9760: 9759: 9757: 9755: 9751: 9745: 9742: 9740: 9737: 9735: 9732: 9730: 9727: 9725: 9722: 9720: 9717: 9715: 9712: 9710: 9707: 9705: 9702: 9700: 9697: 9695: 9692: 9690: 9687: 9685: 9682: 9681: 9679: 9677: 9673: 9667: 9664: 9662: 9659: 9657: 9654: 9652: 9649: 9647: 9644: 9643: 9641: 9637: 9631: 9630:Code-division 9628: 9626: 9623: 9621: 9618: 9616: 9615:Time-division 9613: 9611: 9608: 9606: 9603: 9602: 9600: 9598: 9594: 9588: 9585: 9581: 9578: 9576: 9573: 9572: 9571: 9568: 9564: 9561: 9560: 9559: 9556: 9554: 9551: 9549: 9546: 9545: 9543: 9541:and switching 9539: 9535: 9527: 9524: 9523: 9522: 9519: 9515: 9512: 9511: 9510: 9507: 9505: 9502: 9500: 9497: 9493: 9492:optical fiber 9490: 9489: 9488: 9485: 9483: 9482:Coaxial cable 9480: 9479: 9477: 9475: 9469: 9463: 9460: 9458: 9455: 9453: 9450: 9448: 9445: 9443: 9440: 9438: 9435: 9433: 9430: 9428: 9425: 9423: 9420: 9418: 9415: 9413: 9410: 9408: 9405: 9403: 9400: 9398: 9397:Radia Perlman 9395: 9393: 9390: 9388: 9385: 9383: 9380: 9378: 9375: 9373: 9370: 9368: 9365: 9363: 9360: 9358: 9355: 9353: 9350: 9348: 9345: 9343: 9340: 9338: 9335: 9333: 9330: 9328: 9325: 9323: 9320: 9318: 9315: 9313: 9310: 9308: 9305: 9303: 9300: 9298: 9295: 9293: 9290: 9288: 9287:Lee de Forest 9285: 9283: 9282:Thomas Edison 9280: 9278: 9275: 9273: 9272:Donald Davies 9270: 9268: 9265: 9263: 9260: 9258: 9257:Claude Chappe 9255: 9253: 9250: 9248: 9245: 9243: 9240: 9238: 9235: 9233: 9230: 9228: 9225: 9223: 9220: 9218: 9215: 9213: 9210: 9208: 9205: 9203: 9200: 9198: 9195: 9193: 9190: 9188: 9185: 9184: 9182: 9178: 9172: 9169: 9167: 9164: 9162: 9159: 9157: 9154: 9150: 9147: 9145: 9142: 9141: 9140: 9137: 9135: 9134: 9130: 9128: 9125: 9122: 9119: 9117: 9114: 9112: 9109: 9107: 9104: 9102: 9101:Smoke signals 9099: 9095: 9092: 9090: 9087: 9085: 9082: 9081: 9080: 9079:Semiconductor 9077: 9073: 9070: 9069: 9068: 9065: 9063: 9060: 9058: 9055: 9053: 9050: 9048: 9045: 9043: 9040: 9038: 9035: 9033: 9030: 9028: 9025: 9021: 9018: 9017: 9016: 9013: 9011: 9008: 9006: 9003: 9001: 8998: 8996: 8993: 8991: 8988: 8986: 8983: 8981: 8978: 8976: 8973: 8971: 8968: 8966: 8963: 8959: 8956: 8954: 8951: 8949: 8946: 8944: 8941: 8940: 8939: 8938:Digital media 8936: 8932: 8929: 8927: 8924: 8922: 8919: 8917: 8914: 8913: 8912: 8909: 8907: 8904: 8902: 8899: 8897: 8894: 8892: 8889: 8887: 8884: 8882: 8879: 8878: 8876: 8874: 8870: 8866: 8859: 8854: 8852: 8847: 8845: 8840: 8839: 8836: 8824: 8815: 8813: 8803: 8801: 8791: 8790: 8787: 8781: 8778: 8776: 8773: 8771: 8768: 8766: 8763: 8761: 8758: 8756: 8753: 8751: 8748: 8747: 8745: 8743: 8739: 8733: 8730: 8728: 8725: 8723: 8720: 8718: 8715: 8713: 8710: 8708: 8705: 8703: 8700: 8698: 8695: 8694: 8692: 8686: 8680: 8677: 8675: 8672: 8670: 8667: 8663: 8660: 8659: 8658: 8655: 8653: 8650: 8648: 8645: 8643: 8640: 8638: 8635: 8633: 8630: 8628: 8625: 8624: 8622: 8620: 8616: 8606: 8603: 8599: 8596: 8595: 8594: 8591: 8587: 8584: 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8180: 8177: 8173: 8170: 8169: 8168: 8165: 8163: 8160: 8159: 8157: 8151: 8141: 8138: 8136: 8133: 8131: 8128: 8126: 8123: 8121: 8118: 8114: 8111: 8110: 8109: 8106: 8104: 8101: 8098: 8095: 8093: 8090: 8088: 8085: 8082: 8079: 8078: 8076: 8074: 8070: 8064: 8061: 8059: 8056: 8054: 8051: 8049: 8046: 8044: 8041: 8037: 8034: 8032: 8029: 8027: 8024: 8023: 8022: 8019: 8017: 8014: 8012: 8009: 8005: 8002: 8001: 8000: 7997: 7995: 7992: 7990: 7987: 7985: 7982: 7981: 7978: 7975: 7970: 7964: 7960: 7959:Mobile phones 7953: 7948: 7946: 7941: 7939: 7934: 7933: 7930: 7920: 7916: 7911: 7904: 7900: 7894: 7887: 7883: 7878: 7870: 7866: 7862: 7858: 7852: 7845: 7841: 7836: 7820: 7813: 7805: 7801: 7797: 7791: 7775: 7771: 7767: 7761: 7745: 7744: 7739: 7732: 7716: 7712: 7708: 7702: 7686: 7682: 7678: 7672: 7657: 7653: 7647: 7631: 7627: 7621: 7605: 7599: 7597: 7580: 7576: 7570: 7555: 7551: 7544: 7537: 7532: 7516: 7509: 7501: 7497: 7490: 7482: 7476: 7472: 7468: 7467: 7459: 7443: 7439: 7438: 7433: 7426: 7411: 7407: 7400: 7398: 7381: 7377: 7371: 7355: 7351: 7347: 7341: 7333: 7332: 7327: 7321: 7306:on 5 May 2011 7305: 7301: 7295: 7280: 7276: 7269: 7261: 7255: 7251: 7250: 7242: 7226: 7222: 7218: 7211: 7203: 7199: 7198: 7193: 7187: 7171: 7167: 7166: 7161: 7155: 7147: 7143: 7139: 7135: 7131: 7127: 7126: 7121: 7114: 7112: 7095: 7094: 7089: 7083: 7068: 7064: 7058: 7043: 7042: 7037: 7030: 7022: 7018: 7013: 7008: 7004: 7000: 6997:(2): 177–81. 6996: 6992: 6988: 6981: 6973: 6969: 6965: 6961: 6956: 6951: 6946: 6941: 6937: 6933: 6929: 6922: 6914: 6910: 6905: 6900: 6896: 6892: 6888: 6884: 6880: 6876: 6872: 6864: 6856: 6852: 6848: 6844: 6839: 6834: 6830: 6826: 6825:Diabetes Care 6822: 6815: 6799: 6793: 6777: 6773: 6767: 6765: 6763: 6746: 6742: 6741: 6736: 6732: 6726: 6711: 6707: 6700: 6684: 6680: 6676: 6669: 6653: 6649: 6643: 6628: 6627: 6622: 6615: 6600: 6599: 6594: 6587: 6579: 6578: 6573: 6566: 6558: 6557: 6552: 6546: 6538: 6537: 6532: 6526: 6517: 6512: 6508: 6504: 6500: 6493: 6486:. 5 May 2017. 6485: 6481: 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5509: 5505: 5501: 5497: 5490: 5482: 5476: 5471: 5466: 5462: 5458: 5454: 5447: 5431: 5427: 5421: 5413: 5411:9781450318990 5407: 5403: 5399: 5395: 5388: 5380: 5376: 5372: 5368: 5364: 5360: 5353: 5345: 5341: 5337: 5333: 5329: 5325: 5318: 5310: 5306: 5301: 5296: 5292: 5288: 5285:(2): 266–71. 5284: 5280: 5276: 5269: 5262:(3): 331–340. 5261: 5257: 5253: 5246: 5244: 5235: 5231: 5227: 5223: 5216: 5214: 5212: 5203: 5199: 5195: 5191: 5187: 5183: 5176: 5174: 5165: 5161: 5156: 5151: 5146: 5141: 5137: 5133: 5129: 5125: 5124: 5119: 5112: 5110: 5108: 5106: 5104: 5095: 5091: 5087: 5083: 5080:(4): 688–90. 5079: 5075: 5068: 5066: 5064: 5062: 5060: 5048: 5042: 5034: 5033: 5028: 5022: 5014: 5010: 5004: 4988: 4984: 4980: 4974: 4966: 4962: 4958: 4954: 4950: 4946: 4939: 4923: 4919: 4916:(MA thesis). 4915: 4914: 4909: 4903: 4895: 4889: 4881: 4877: 4873: 4869: 4865: 4861: 4854: 4846: 4842: 4838: 4834: 4830: 4826: 4819: 4811: 4807: 4803: 4799: 4795: 4791: 4784: 4775: 4768: 4763: 4755: 4749: 4745: 4744: 4736: 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3716:. 3 May 2017. 3715: 3709: 3694: 3690: 3683: 3675: 3671: 3665: 3657: 3653: 3646: 3644: 3642: 3640: 3623: 3619: 3615: 3609: 3601: 3595: 3579: 3575: 3569: 3561: 3555: 3547: 3543: 3539: 3535: 3531: 3527: 3523: 3516: 3501: 3500: 3495: 3488: 3472: 3468: 3462: 3447: 3443: 3437: 3421: 3415: 3399: 3393: 3378:. 17 May 2017 3377: 3373: 3367: 3352: 3348: 3341: 3326: 3322: 3316: 3301: 3297: 3291: 3275: 3271: 3267: 3260: 3241: 3237: 3230: 3223: 3215: 3209: 3201: 3195: 3179: 3172: 3170: 3161: 3157: 3153: 3149: 3143: 3135: 3131: 3127: 3121: 3105: 3098: 3090: 3086: 3082: 3076: 3060: 3056: 3052: 3046: 3030: 3026: 3020: 3005: 3004: 2998: 2990: 2974: 2968: 2960: 2954: 2946: 2942: 2938: 2932: 2917: 2916: 2911: 2904: 2896: 2890: 2886: 2882: 2881: 2876: 2869: 2854: 2850: 2843: 2836: 2824: 2820: 2816: 2810: 2795: 2791: 2784: 2769: 2768:BerkshireLive 2765: 2758: 2750: 2749: 2744: 2737: 2729: 2722: 2714: 2708: 2704: 2697: 2688: 2681: 2668: 2664: 2658: 2651: 2640: 2636: 2632: 2631: 2630:Network World 2626: 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