1223:. However, it makes the messages longer, often requiring the text message to be sent in multiple parts and, therefore, costing more to send. The use of text messaging has changed the way that people talk and write essays, some believing it to be harmful. Children today are receiving cell phones at an age as young as eight years old; more than 35 per cent of children in second and third grade have their own mobile phones. Because of this, the texting language is integrated into the way that students think from an earlier age than ever before. In November 2006, New Zealand Qualifications Authority approved the move that allowed students of secondary schools to use mobile phone text language in the end-of-the-year-exam papers. Highly publicized reports, beginning in 2002, of the use of text language in school assignments, caused some to become concerned that the quality of written communication is on the decline, and other reports claim that teachers and professors are beginning to have a hard time controlling the problem. However, the notion that text language is widespread or harmful is refuted by research from linguistic experts.
989:
relationships in which they maintain particular, partial, but rich relations, depending on the situation". The same studies showed participants rated friendships in which they communicated face-to-face and through text messaging as being more intimate than those in which they communicated solely face-to-face. This indicates participants make new relationships with face-to-face communication at an early stage, but use text messaging to increase their contact later on. As the relationships between participants grew more intimate, the frequency of text messaging also increased. However, short messaging has been largely rendered obsolete by the prevalence of mobile
Internet e-mail, which can be sent to and received from any e-mail address, mobile or otherwise. That said, while usually presented to the user simply as a uniform "mail" service (and most users are unaware of the distinction), the operators may still internally transmit the content as short messages, especially if the destination is on the same network.
1748:. In January 2001, Joseph Estrada was forced to resign from the post of president of the Philippines. The popular campaign against him was widely reported to have been coordinated with SMS chain letters. A massive texting campaign was credited with boosting youth turnout in Spain's 2004 parliamentary elections. In 2008, Detroit Mayor Kwame Kilpatrick and his Chief of Staff at the time became entangled in a sex scandal stemming from the exchange of over 14,000 text messages that eventually led to his forced resignation, the conviction of perjury, and other charges. Text messaging has been used to turn down other political leaders. During the 2004 U.S. Democratic and Republican National Conventions, protesters used an SMS-based organizing tool called TXTmob to get to opponents. In the last day before the 2004 presidential elections in Romania, a message against
1007:
quickly exploited the feature to communicate for free instead of using voice calls, which they would be charged for. After telephone companies realized this trend, they began charging for SMS. The rate across networks is 1 peso per SMS (about US$ 0.023). Even after users were charged for SMS, it remained cheap, about one-tenth of the price of a voice call. This low price led to about five million
Filipinos owning a cell phone by 2001. Because of the highly social nature of Philippine culture and the affordability of SMS compared to voice calls, SMS usage shot up. Filipinos used texting not only for social messages but also for political purposes, as it allowed the Filipinos to express their opinions on current events and political issues. It became a powerful tool for Filipinos in promoting or denouncing issues and was a key factor during the 2001
1325:(2009) found that those young adults who used more language-based textisms (shortcuts such as LOL, 2nite, etc.) in daily writing produced worse formal writing than those young adults who used fewer linguistic textisms in daily writing. However, the exact opposite was true for informal writing. This suggests that perhaps the act of using textisms to shorten communication words leads young adults to produce more informal writing, which may then help them to be better "informal" writers. Due to text messaging, teens are writing more, and some teachers see that this comfort with language can be harnessed to make better writers. This new form of communication may be encouraging students to put their thoughts and feelings into words and this may be able to be used as a bridge, to get them more interested in formal writing.
1413:
New York from
Rentrak's chief client officer when discussing time spent with media and various media usage metrics. Text messaging among pedestrians leads to increased cognitive distraction and reduced situation awareness, and may lead to increases in unsafe behaviour leading to injury and death. Recent studies conducted on cell phone use while walking showed that cell phone users recall fewer objects when conversing, walk slower, have altered gait and are more unsafe when crossing a street. Additionally, some gait analyses showed that stance phase during overstepping motion, longitudinal and lateral deviation increased during cell phone operation, but step length and clearance did not; a different analysis did find increased step clearance and reduced step length.
1497:
that they had received a sexually explicit picture. Of those receiving such a picture, over 25 per cent indicated that they had forwarded it to others. In addition, of those who had sent a sexually explicit picture, over a third had done so despite believing that there could be serious legal and other consequences if they got caught. Students who had sent a picture by cell phone were more likely than others to find the activity acceptable. The authors conclude: "These results argue for educational efforts such as cell phone safety assemblies, awareness days, integration into class curriculum and teacher training, designed to raise awareness about the potential consequences of sexting among young people."
1785:
1581:
a professor that either contained text-messaging abbreviations (gr8, How R U?) or parallel text in standard
English (great, How are you?), and then provided impressions of the sender. Students who used abbreviations in their email were perceived as having a less favorable personality and as putting forth less effort on an essay they submitted along with the email. Specifically, abbreviation users were seen as less intelligent, responsible, motivated, studious, dependable, and hard-working. These findings suggest that the nature of a student's email communication can influence how others perceive the student and their work.
1943:
voice plan. As a comparison, a one-minute phone call uses up the same amount of network capacity as 600 text messages, meaning that if the same cost-per-traffic formula were applied to phone calls, cell phone calls would cost $ 120 per minute. With service providers gaining more customers and expanding their capacity, their overhead costs should be decreasing, not increasing. In 2005, text messaging generated nearly 70 billion dollars in revenue, as reported by
Gartner, industry analysts, three times as much as Hollywood box office sales in 2005. World figures showed that over a trillion text messages were sent in 2005.
1708:
455:. As of 2007, text messaging was the most widely used mobile data service, with 74% of all mobile phone users worldwide, or 2.4 billion out of 3.3 billion phone subscribers, being active users of the Short Message Service at the end of 2007. In countries such as Finland, Sweden, and Norway, over 85% of the population used SMS. The European average was about 80%, and North America was rapidly catching up, with over 60% active users of SMS by end of 2008. The largest average usage of the service by mobile phone subscribers occurs in the Philippines, with an average of 27 texts sent per day per subscriber.
402:) – a 1,000-foot range picocell, but it survived. American Personal Communications (APC), the first GSM carrier in America, provided the first text-messaging service in the United States. Sprint Telecommunications Venture, a partnership of Sprint Corp. and three large cable-TV companies, owned 49 percent of APC. The Sprint venture was the largest single buyer at a government-run spectrum auction that raised $ 7.7 billion in 2005 for PCS licenses. APC operated under the brand name Sprint Spectrum and launched its service on 15 November 1995, in Washington, D.C., and Baltimore, Maryland. Vice President
475:
1431:, who conducted a similar study. For example, texting pedestrians may fail to notice unusual events in their environment, such as a unicycling clown. These findings suggest that tasks that require the allocation of cognitive resources can affect visual attention even when the task itself does not require the participants to avert their eyes from their environment. The act of texting itself seems to impair pedestrians' visual awareness. It appears that the distraction produced by texting is a combination of both a cognitive and visual perceptual distraction. A study conducted by Licence
1311:, abbreviations, acronyms, etc. The feeling of individualism and freedom makes texting more popular and a more efficient way to communicate. Crystal has also been quoted in saying that "In a logical world, text messaging should not have survived." But text messaging didn't just come out of nowhere. It originally began as a messaging system that would send out emergency information. But it gained immediate popularity with the public. What followed is the SMS we see today, which is a very quick and efficient way of sharing information from person to person. Work by
838:
1624:, Netherlands, started an SMS alert program, in which they would send a message to ask citizens to be vigilant when a burglar was on the loose or a child was missing in their neighbourhood. Several thieves have been caught and children have been found using the SMS Alerts. The service has been expanding to other cities. A Malaysian–Australian company has released a multi-layer SMS security program. Boston police are now turning to text messaging to help stop crime. The Boston Police Department asks citizens to send texts to make anonymous crime tips.
1793:
individual participants data meta analysis from 3,779 participants reported that mobile phone text messaging could improve blood pressure and body mass index. Another study in people with type 2 diabetes showed that participants were willing to pay a modest amount to receive a diabetes text messaging program in addition to standard care. "One survey found that 73% of physicians text other physicians about work- similar to the overall percentage of the population that texts." A 2006 study of reminder messages sent to children and adolescents with
464:
8796:
43:
789:, in which two applications automatically communicate with each other. Incident alerts are also common, and staff communications are also another use for B2B scenarios. Businesses can use SMS for time-critical alerts, updates, and reminders, mobile campaigns, content and entertainment applications. Mobile interaction can also be used for consumer-to-business interactions, such as media voting and competitions, and consumer-to-consumer interaction, for example, with mobile social networking, chatting and dating.
1367:
887:
on TV. Chats are always moderated, which prevents users from sending offensive material to the channel. The craze evolved into quizzes and strategy games and then faster-paced games designed for television and SMS control. Games require users to register their nicknames and send short messages to control a character onscreen. Messages usually cost 0.05 to 0.86 Euro apiece, and games can require the player to send dozens of messages. In
December 2003, a Finnish TV channel,
1489:
they have electronically sent, or posted online, nude or semi-nude images of themselves. One-third (33 per cent) of teen boys and one-quarter (25 per cent) of teen girls say they were shown private nude or semi-nude images. According to the survey, sexually suggestive messages (text, e-mail, and instant messaging) were even more common than images, with 39 per cent of teens having sent or posted such messages, and half of the teens (50 per cent) having received them.
390:), also launched SMS text messaging in 1995 and the two networks offered cross-network SMS functionality, Finland became the first nation where SMS text messaging was offered on a competitive as well as a commercial basis. GSM was allowed in the United States, but the radio frequencies were blocked and awarded to US "Carriers" to use US technology, which limited development of mobile messaging services in the US. The GSM in the US had to use a frequency allocated for
9880:
8807:
1417:
interfere with working memory and result in walking errors. Their study demonstrated that participants engaged in text messaging were unable to maintain walking speed or retain accurate spatial information, suggesting an inability to adequately divide their attention between two tasks. According to them, the addition of texting while walking with vision occluded increases the demands placed on the working memory system resulting in gait disruptions.
720:
credits. Recently, premium messaging companies have come under fire from consumer groups due to a large number of consumers racking up huge phone bills. A new type of free-premium or hybrid-premium content has emerged with the launch of text-service websites. These sites allow registered users to receive free text messages when items they are interested in go on sale, or when new items are introduced. An alternative to inbound SMS is based on
1077:
1693:, who utilized contractors and front companies in the Cayman Islands, Spain and Ireland. A longer-term objective was to organize "smart mobs" that might "renegotiate the balance of power between the state and society." A database about the subscribers was created, including gender, age, and "political tendencies". At its peak ZunZuneo had 40,000 Cuban users, but the service closed as financially unsustainable when U.S. funding was stopped.
195:
9890:
1595:(2013) asked 150 undergraduate students to rate the appropriateness of using textisms in a given scenario on a scale of one to five – five being entirely appropriate and one being not at all. All but eleven of the students rated the use of textisms in exams and typed assignments as "not at all appropriate", showing that the students are aware of how they must adapt their written language and tone depending on the context. Grace
866:
around 35–40 SMS messages per month. In each of these countries, the cost of sending an SMS message varied from €0.04–0.23, depending on the payment plan (with many contractual plans including all or several texts for free). In the United
Kingdom, text messages are charged between £0.05–0.12. Curiously, France did not take to SMS in the same way, sending just under 20 messages on average per user per month. France has the same
945:" services offer the instant connectivity of SMS and are typically unlimited. The integration between competing providers and technologies necessary for cross-network text messaging was not initially available. Some providers originally charged extra for texting, reducing its appeal. In the third quarter of 2006, at least 12 billion text messages were sent on AT&T's network, up almost 15% from the preceding quarter.
9869:
8784:
1535:
send and receive texts during lectures at high rates. Further, published research has established that students who text during college lectures have impaired memories of the lecture material compared to students who do not. For example, in one study, the number of irrelevant text messages sent and received during a lecture covering the topic of developmental psychology was related to students' memory of the lecture.
1523:
1872:
9900:
551:, provided up to 2000 SMS messages for NZ$ 10 per month. Users on these plans sent on average 1500 SMS messages every month. Text messaging became so popular that advertising agencies and advertisers jumped into the text messaging business. Services that provide bulk text message sending are also becoming a popular way for clubs, associations, and advertisers to reach a group of opt-in subscribers quickly.
2110:
his seat and miss the event in order to report something important. Also, disruptive fans can be reported with relative anonymity. "Text tattling" also gives security personnel a useful tool to prioritize messages. For instance, a single complaint in one section about an unruly fan can be addressed when convenient, while multiple complaints by several different patrons can be acted upon immediately.
1015:, who was eventually found guilty of corruption. According to 2009 statistics, there were about 72 million mobile service subscriptions (roughly 80% of the Filipino population), with around 1.39 billion SMS messages being sent daily. Because of the large number of text messages being sent, the Philippines became known as the "text capital of the world" during the late 1990s until the early 2000s.
1854:, Lynne Lancaster and David Stillman note that younger Americans often do not consider it rude to answer their cell or begin texting in the middle of a face-to-face conversation with someone else, while older people, less used to the behavior and the accompanying lack of eye contact or attention, find this to be disruptive and ill-mannered. With regard to texting in the workplace,
1801:. Where messages could be saved to a phone indefinitely, patient information could be subject to theft or loss, and could be seen by other unauthorized persons. The HIPAA privacy rule requires that any text message involving a medical decision must be available for the patient to access, meaning that any texts that are not documented in an EMR system could be a HIPAA violation.
1917:). In 2005, UCAN brought a case against Sprint for spamming its customers and charging $ 0.10 per text message. The case was settled in 2006 with Sprint agreeing not to send customers Sprint advertisements via SMS. SMS expert Acision (formerly LogicaCMG Telecoms) reported a new type of SMS malice at the end of 2006, noting the first instances of SMiShing (a cousin to e-mail
998:
was routine that the People's
Republic of China government monitored text messages across the country for illegal content. Among Chinese migrant workers with little formal education, it is common to refer to SMS manuals when text messaging. These manuals are published as cheap, smaller-than-pocket-size booklets that offer diverse linguistic phrases to utilize as messages.
1352:. According to Plester, Wood and Joshi and their research done on the study of 88 British 10–12-year-old children and their knowledge of text messages, "textisms are essentially forms of phonetic abbreviation" that show that "to produce and read such abbreviations arguably requires a level of phonological awareness (and orthographic awareness) in the child concerned".
1599:(2010) went further, observing hundreds of academic papers from previous undergraduate students' exams, only to find that out of 533,500 words, a mere 0.02% were textisms. They owe this to the fact that the more accumulated experience a student has, the more they are able to understand when the "appropriate" and "inappropriate" times to use such language is.
1666:). The volume of such text messages and e-mails also increased in the wake of the riot. The crowd of 5,000 at stages became violent, attacking certain ethnic groups. Sutherland Shire Mayor directly blamed heavily circulated SMS messages for the unrest. NSW police considered whether people could be charged over the texting. Retaliatory attacks also used SMS.
761:(FINRA). In Regulatory Notice 07-59, FINRA noted that "electronic communications", "e-mail", and "electronic correspondence" may be used interchangeably and can include such forms of electronic messaging as instant messaging and text messaging. Industry has had to develop new technology to allow companies to archive their employees' text messages.
1290:, pronounced ataf, meaning "to me". In character-based languages such as Chinese and Japanese, numbers are assigned syllables based on the shortened form of the pronunciation of the number, sometimes the English pronunciation of the number. In this way, numbers alone can be used to communicate whole passages, such as in Chinese, "8807701314520" (
1531:
for receiving emailed exam answers on their mobile phones. The number of students caught using mobile phones to cheat on exams has increased significantly in recent years. According to Okada (2005), most
Japanese mobile phones can send and receive long text messages of between 250 and 3000 characters with graphics, video, audio, and Web links.
161:, and unlike calls (in which the caller hopes to speak directly with the recipient), texting does not require the caller and recipient to both be free at the same moment; this permits communication even between busy individuals. Text messages can also be used to interact with automated systems, for example, to order products or services from
63:
1670:
people to be aware of the power of SMS and the
Internet. In Hong Kong, government officials find that text messaging helps socially because they can send multiple texts to the community. Officials say it is an easy way of contacting the community or individuals for meetings or events. Texting was used to coordinate gatherings during the
1724:
1768:
communicated to others and successfully implemented. Also, this move encouraged the military to withdraw their support from the regime, and as a result, the Estrada government fell. People were able to converge and unite with the use of their cell phones. "The rapid assembly of the anti-Estrada crowd was a hallmark of early
2143:. Parents/employers can set a maximum range from a fixed location after which a "tattle text" is sent. Not only can this keep children close to home and keep employees from using corporate vehicles inappropriately, but it can also be a crucial tool for quickly identifying stolen vehicles, car jackings, and kidnappings.
694:. SMS messaging gateway providers can provide gateway-to-mobile (Mobile Terminated–MT) services. Some suppliers can also supply mobile-to-gateway (text-in or Mobile Originated/MO services). Many operate text-in services on short codes or mobile number ranges, whereas others use lower-cost geographic text-in numbers.
769:), which are common in IT contracts. By providing measurable SLAs, corporations can define reliability parameters and set up a high quality of their services. Just one of many SMS applications that have proven highly popular and successful in the financial services industry is mobile receipts. In January 2009,
1396:. The experiment found that texting while driving was more dangerous than being drunk. While being legally drunk added 4 feet to Alterman's stopping distance while going 70 mph (110 km/h), reading an e-mail on a phone added 36 feet (11 m), and sending a text message added 70 feet (21 m).
949:
over the years as the price has gone down to an average of $ 0.10 per text sent and received. To convince more customers to buy unlimited text messaging plans, some major cellphone providers have increased the price to send and receive text messages from $ .15 to $ .20 per message. This is over $ 1,300 per
2109:
Many sports arenas now offer a number where patrons can text report security concerns, like drunk or unruly fans, or safety issues like spills. These programs have been praised by patrons and security personnel as more effective than traditional methods. For instance, the patron doesn't need to leave
1959:
While text messaging is still a growing market, traditional SMS is becoming increasingly challenged by alternative messaging services which are available on smartphones with data connections. These services are much cheaper and offer more functionality like exchanging multimedia content (e.g. photos,
1580:
When a student sends an email that contains phonetic abbreviations and acronyms that are common in text messaging (e.g., "gr8" instead of "great"), it can influence how that student is subsequently evaluated. In a study by Lewandowski and Harrington (2006), participants read a student's email sent to
1403:
Transportation Institute released the results of an 18-month study that involved placing cameras inside the cabs of more than 100 long-haul trucks, which recorded the drivers over a combined driving distance of three million miles. The study concluded that when the drivers were texting, their risk of
1053:
The advent of text messaging made possible new forms of interaction that were not possible before. A person could carry out a conversation with another user without the constraint of being expected to reply within a short amount of time and without needing to set time aside to engage in conversation.
997:
Text messaging has historically been popular and cheap in China. About 700 billion messages were sent in 2007. Text message spam has also been a problem in China. In 2007, 353.8 billion spam messages were sent, up 93% from the previous year. It is about 12.44 messages per week per person. In 2010, it
624:
messaging providers to support texting to 911. In Asia, SMS is used for tsunami warnings and in Europe, SMS is used to inform individuals of imminent disasters. Since the location of a handset is known, systems can alert everyone in an area that the events have made impossible to pass through e.g. an
418:
settings on individual handsets to use the SMSCs of other operators. Over time, this issue was eliminated by switch billing instead of billing at the SMSC and by new features within SMSCs that allowed the blocking of foreign mobile users sending messages through them. SMS is available on a wide range
350:
is based on this, it made its way to the mobile phone. Messages could be sent and received on ISDN phones, and these can send SMS to any GSM phone. The possibility of doing something is one thing; implementing it is another, but systems existed in 1988 that sent SMS messages to mobile phones (compare
2118:
In this context, "tattle texting" refers to an automatic text sent by the computer in an automobile, because a preset condition was met. The most common use for this is for parents to receive texts from the car their child is driving, alerting them to speeding or other issues. Employers can also use
2092:
mobile phones have an option to beep "S M S" in Morse code when it receives a short message. Some of these phones could also play the Nokia slogan "Connecting people" in Morse code as a message tone. There are third-party applications available for some mobile phones that allow Morse input for short
1534:
In England, 287 school and college students were excluded from exams in 2004 for using mobile phones during exams. Some teachers and professors claim that advanced texting features can lead to students cheating on exams. Students in high school and college classrooms are using their mobile phones to
1044:
In 2009, it was predicted that text messaging would become a key revenue driver for mobile network operators in Africa over the following couple of years. Today, text messaging is already slowly gaining influence in the African market. One such person used text messaging to spread the word about HIV
685:
providers facilitate the SMS traffic between businesses and mobile subscribers, being mainly responsible for carrying mission-critical messages, SMS for enterprises, content delivery and entertainment services involving SMS, e.g., TV voting. Considering SMS messaging performance and cost, as well as
616:
In some countries, text messages can be used to contact emergency services. In the UK, text messages can be used to call emergency services only after registering with the emergency SMS service. This service is primarily aimed at people who, because of disability, are unable to make a voice call. It
259:
depending on the region. It may simply be referred to as a "text" in North America, the United Kingdom, Australia, New Zealand, and the Philippines; an "SMS" in most of mainland Europe; or an "MMS" or "SMS" in the Middle East, Africa, and Asia. The sender of a text message is commonly referred to as
148:
Text messages are used for personal, family, business, and social purposes. Governmental and non-governmental organizations use text messaging for communication between colleagues. In the 2010s, the sending of short informal messages became an accepted part of many cultures, as happened earlier with
2045:
has a world record for text messaging, currently held by Sonja Kristiansen of Norway. Kristiansen keyed in the official text message, as established by Guinness, in 37.28 seconds. The message is, "The razor-toothed piranhas of the genera Serrasalmus and Pygocentrus are the most ferocious freshwater
1553:
individuals, or forwarding texts that contain defamatory content is an issue of great concern for parents and schools. Text "bullying" of this sort can cause distress and damage reputations. In some cases, individuals who are bullied online have committed suicide. Harding and Rosenberg (2005) argue
1530:
Text messaging has affected students academically by creating an easier way to cheat on exams. In December 2002, a dozen students were caught cheating on an accounting exam through the use of text messages on their mobile phones. In December 2002, Hitotsubashi University in Japan failed 26 students
1496:
Department of Psychology by Donald S. Strassberg, Ryan Kelly McKinnon, Michael Sustaíta and Jordan Rullo. They surveyed 606 teenagers ages 14–18 and found that nearly 20 per cent of the students said they had sent a sexually explicit image of themselves via cell phone, and nearly twice as many said
1472:
Although sexting often takes place consensually between two people, it can also occur against the wishes of a person who is the subject of the content. A number of instances have been reported in which the recipients of sexting have shared the content of the messages with others, with less intimate
1412:
Due to the proliferation of smart phone applications performed while walking, "texting while walking" or "wexting" is the increasing practice of people being transfixed to their mobile device without looking in any direction but their personal screen while walking. First coined reference in 2015 in
1006:
SMS was introduced to selected markets in the Philippines in 1995. In 1998, Philippine mobile service providers launched SMS more widely across the country, with initial television marketing campaigns targeting hearing-impaired users. The service was initially free with subscriptions, but Filipinos
886:
Mobile service providers in Finland offered contracts in which users can send 1000 text messages a month for €10. In Finland, which has very high mobile phone ownership rates, some TV channels began "SMS chat", which involved sending short messages to a phone number, and the messages would be shown
764:
Security, confidentiality, reliability, and speed of SMS are among the most important guarantees industries such as financial services, energy and commodities trading, health care and enterprises demand in their mission-critical procedures. One way to guarantee such a quality of text messaging lies
579:
have led to a decline in the use of SMS in parts of the world. A survey conducted by MetrixLabs showed that 63% of Baby Boomers, 63% of Generation X, and 67% of Generation Y said that they used instant messengers in place of texting. A Facebook survey showed that 65% of people surveyed thought that
538:
0.20 and $ 0.25 to send (some prepaid services charge $ 0.01 between their own phones), compared with a voice call, which costs somewhere between $ 0.40 and $ 2.00 per minute (commonly charged in half-minute blocks). The service is enormously profitable to the service providers. At a typical length
2021:
laws at the network operator cannot be decrypted even if one of the devices is compromised. A problem with this approach is that communicating devices needs to run compatible software. Failure rates without backward notification can be high between carriers. International texting can be unreliable
1991:
Experts have advised business users not to use consumer SMS for confidential communication. The contents of common SMS messages are known to the network operator's systems and personnel. Therefore, consumer SMS is not an appropriate technology for secure communications. To address this issue, many
1339:
language of text messaging contributes to being less accepting of words. In contrast, Lee found that students with more exposure to traditional print media (such as books and magazines) were more accepting of both real and fictitious words. The thesis, which garnered international media attention,
948:
While texting is mainly popular among people from 13 to 22 years old, it is also increasing among adults and business users. The age that a child receives their first cell phone has also decreased, making text messaging a popular way of communicating. The number of texts sent in the US has gone up
940:
In the U.S., SMS is often charged both at the sender and at the destination, but, unlike phone calls, it cannot be rejected or dismissed. The reasons for lower uptake than other countries are varied. Many users have unlimited "mobile-to-mobile" minutes, high monthly minute allotments, or unlimited
522:
meaning the act of mobile phone users sending short messages back and forth) has entered the common lexicon. In 2012, young Asians considered SMS as the most popular mobile phone application. In the same year, 50 percent of American teens send 50 text messages or more per day, making it their most
2054:
Elliot Nicholls of Dunedin, New Zealand currently holds the world record for the fastest blindfolded text messaging. A record of a 160-letter text in 45 seconds while blindfolded was set on 17 November 2007, beating the old record of 1-minute 26 seconds set by an Italian in September 2006. Andrew
1942:
in size, this cost scales to a cost of $ 1,310 per megabyte sent via text message. This is in sharp contrast with the price of unlimited data plans offered by the same carriers, which allow the transmission of hundreds of megabytes of data for monthly prices of about $ 15 to $ 45 in addition to a
1845:
has spurred several articles with the "do's and dont's" regarding the new form of communication. One example from the site is: "Keep your message brief. No one wants to have an entire conversation with you by texting when you could just call him or her instead." Another example is: "Don't use all
1836:
Texting etiquette refers to what is considered appropriate texting behaviour. These expectations may concern different areas, such as the context in which a text was sent and received/read, who each participant was with when the participant sent or received/read a text message or what constitutes
1488:
A 2008 survey by The National Campaign to Prevent Teen and Unplanned Pregnancy and CosmoGirl.com suggested a trend of sexting and other seductive online content being readily shared between teens. One in five teen girls surveyed (22 per cent)—and 11 per cent of teen girls aged 13–16 years old—say
715:
and Any Question Answered have used the PSMS model to enable rapid response to mobile consumers' questions, using on-call teams of experts and researchers. In November 2013, amidst complaints about unsolicited charges on bills, major mobile carriers in the US agreed to stop billing for PSMS in 45
526:
It has been a very influential and powerful tool in the Philippines, where in 2008 the average user sent 10–12 text messages a day. The same year, the Philippines alone sent on average over 1 billion text messages a day, more than the annual average SMS volume of the countries in Europe, and even
2668:
1984 Sitting at a typewriter at his home in Bonn, Germany, Friedhelm Hillebrand types random sentences and questions, counting every letter, number, and space. Almost every time, the messages amount to fewer than 160 characters — what would become the limit of early text messages — and thus the
1669:
The Narre Warren Incident, when a group of 500 party goers attended a party at Narre Warren in Melbourne, Australia, and rioted in January 2008, also was a response of communication being spread by SMS and Myspace. Following the incident, the Police Commissioner wrote an open letter asking young
1435:
supported some of these findings, particularly that those who text while walking significantly alter their gait. However, they also found that the gait pattern texters adopted was slower and more "protective", and consequently did not increase obstacle contact or tripping in a typical pedestrian
648:
more than £600 million ($ 980 million) a year. SMS messages are thought to be more cost-effective, swifter to deliver, and more likely to receive a faster response than letters. A 2012 study by Sims and colleagues examined the outcomes of 24,709 outpatient appointments scheduled in mental health
413:
Initial growth of text messaging worldwide was slow, with customers in 1995 sending on average only 0,4 messages per GSM customer per month. One factor in the slow take-up of SMS was that operators were slow to set up charging systems, especially for prepaid subscribers, and to eliminate billing
988:
among young people (classified as 13- to 30-year-olds). They theorized this age group had extensive but low-quality relationships with friends, and mobile phone usage may facilitate improvement in the quality of their relationships. They concluded this age group prefers "selective interpersonal
865:
In 2003, Europe followed next behind Asia in terms of the popularity of the use of SMS. That year, an average of 16 billion messages were sent each month. Users in Spain sent a little more than fifty messages per month on average in 2003. In Italy, Germany and the United Kingdom, the figure was
1906:
mobile phone users through SMS prompted cellular-service carriers to take steps against the practice, before it became a widespread problem. No major spamming incidents involving SMS had been reported as of March 2007, but the existence of mobile phone spam has been noted by industry watchdogs
1254:
states that texters in all eleven languages use "lol" ("laughing out loud"), "u", "brb" ("be right back"), and "gr8" ("great"), all English-based shorthands. The use of pictograms and logograms in texts are present in every language. They shorten words by using symbols to represent the word or
812:
Group texts involve more than two users. They are often used when it is helpful to message many people at once, such as inviting multiple people to an event or arranging groups. They are also used in business for marketing and other customer notifications as well as intracompany communication.
719:
Outside the United States, premium short messages have been used for "real-world" services. For example, some vending machines now allow payment by sending a premium-rated short message, so that the cost of the item bought is added to the user's phone bill or subtracted from the user's prepaid
702:
SMS has been widely used for delivering digital content, such as news alerts, financial information, pictures, GIFs, logos and ringtones. Such messages are also known as premium-rated short messages (PSMS). The subscribers are charged extra for receiving this premium content, and the amount is
489:
Text messaging is most often used between private mobile phone users, as a substitute for voice calls in situations where voice communication is impossible or undesirable (e.g., during a school class or a work meeting). Texting is also used to communicate very brief messages, such as informing
1767:
peaceful demonstrations that have toppled the Marcos regime. These people have organized themselves and coordinated their actions through text messaging. They were able to bring down a government without having to use any weapons or violence. Through text messaging, their plans and ideas were
1416:
It is unclear which processes may be affected by distraction, which types of distraction may affect which cognitive processes, and how individual differences may affect the influence of distraction. Lamberg and Muratori believe that engaging in a dual-task, such as texting while walking, may
1792:
Text messaging is a rapidly growing trend in Healthcare. A randomized controlled trial of text messaging intervention for diabetes in Bangladesh was one of the first robust trials to report improvement in diabetes management in a low-and-middle income country. A recent systematic review and
539:
of only 190 bytes (including protocol overhead), more than 350 of these messages per minute can be transmitted at the same data rate as a usual voice call (9 kbit/s). There are also free SMS services available, which are often sponsored, that allow sending and receiving SMS from a
1169:, where users would abbreviate some words to allow a response to be typed more quickly, though the amount of time saved was often inconsequential. However, this became much more pronounced in SMS, where mobile phone users either have a numeric keyboard (with older cellphones) or a small
342:(SS7). Under SS7, it is a "state" with 160 characters of data, coded in the ITU-T "T.56" text format, that has a "sequence lead in" to determine different language codes and may have special character codes that permit, for example, sending simple graphs as text. This was part of ISDN (
1824:. Texting has also been linked as a secondary source in numerous traffic collisions, in which police investigations of mobile phone records have found that many drivers have lost control of their cars while attempting to send or retrieve a text message. Increasing cases of Internet
1568:, to send messages to other iMessage users, and uses SMS as a fallback when no data connection is present, or when messaging non-iMessage users. It sets the color of messages depending on which technology was used. This has led to instances of iMessage users bullying people without
1054:
With voice calling, both participants need to be free at the same time. Mobile phone users can maintain communication during situations in which a voice call is impractical, impossible, or unacceptable, such as during a school class or work meeting. Texting has provided a venue for
490:
someone that you will be late or reminding a friend or colleague about a meeting. As with e-mail, informality and brevity have become an accepted part of text messaging. Some text messages such as SMS can also be used for the remote control of home appliances. It is widely used in
318:. Sitting at a typewriter at home, Hillebrand typed out random sentences and counted every letter, number, punctuation mark, and space. Almost every time, the messages contained fewer than 160 characters, thus giving the basis for the limit one could type via text messaging. With
1819:
termed "BlackBerry thumb" (although this refers to strain developed on older Blackberry devices, which had a scroll wheel on the side of the phone). An inflammation of the tendons in the thumb caused by constant text-messaging is also called text-messager's thumb, or texting
1027:(formerly Telecom NZ), was the first telecommunication company in New Zealand. In 2011, Spark was broken into two companies by regulation, with Chorus Ltd taking the landline infrastructure and Spark NZ providing services including over their mobile network. Vodafone NZ (now
1588:
and adaptations can negatively impact their professionalism. Drouin and Davis surveyed American undergraduates in 2009 and found that three quarters of participants believed the use of textisms were not appropriate in formal messaging and writing. A study performed by Grace
728:, product promotions and campaigns. Long numbers are internationally available, as well as enabling businesses to have their own number, rather than short codes, which are usually shared across a lot of brands. Additionally, long numbers are non-premium inbound numbers.
1619:
to protect SMS messages. Police have also retrieved deleted text messages to aid them in solving crimes. For example, Swedish police retrieved deleted texts from a cult member who claimed she committed a double murder based on forwarded texts she received. Police in
2016:
An alternative approach is to use end-to-end security software that runs on both the sending and receiving device, where the original text message is transmitted in encrypted form as a consumer SMS. By using key rotation, the encrypted text messages stored under
1946:
Although major cellphone providers deny any collusion, fees for out-of-package text messages have increased, doubling from 10 to 20 cents in the United States between 2007 and 2008 alone. On 16 July 2009, Senate hearings were held to look into any breach of the
878:
organized the first pan-European SMS voting in 2002, as a part of the voting system (there was also a voting over traditional landline phone lines). In 2005, the Eurovision Song Contest organized the biggest televoting ever (with SMS and phone voting). During
2070:, to determine the fastest pair of texters. The winners were a team from South Korea, Ha Mok-min and Bae Yeong-ho. On 6 April 2011, SKH Apps released an iPhone app, iTextFast, to allow consumers to test their texting speed and practice the paragraph used by
724:(international mobile number format, e.g., +44 7624 805000, or geographic numbers that can handle voice and SMS, e.g., 01133203040), which can be used in place of short codes or premium-rated short messages for SMS reception in several applications, such as
895:
character on-air reading aloud text messages sent in by viewers. On 12 March 2004, the first entirely "interactive" TV channel, VIISI, began operation in Finland. However, SBS Finland Oy took over the channel and turned it into a music channel named
527:
China and India. SMS saw hugely popular in India, where youngsters often exchanged many text messages, and companies provide alerts, infotainment, news, cricket scores updates, railway/airline booking, mobile billing, and banking services on SMS.
741:, and mobile communications to connect with teammates and customers. Some practical uses of text messaging include the use of SMS for confirming delivery or other tasks, for instant communication between a service provider and a client (e.g., a
2008:
of other mobile operators. This approach reduces the number of mobile operators that handle the message; however, experts have advised not to consider it as an end-to-end secure communication, as the content of the message is exposed to the
599:
Of many texting trends, a system known as microblogging has surfaced, which consists of a miniaturized blog, inspired mainly by people's tendency to jot down informal thoughts and post them online. They consist of websites like X (formerly
1461:
Sexting is slang for the act of sending sexually explicit or suggestive content between mobile devices using SMS. It contains either text, images, or video that is intended to be sexually arousing. Sexting was reported as early as 2005 in
1031:) acquired mobile network provider Bellsouth New Zealand in 1998 and had 2.32 million customers as of July 2013. Vodafone launched the first Text messaging service in 1999 and has introduced innovative TXT services like SafeTXT and CallMe
752:
As text messaging has proliferated in business, so too have regulations governing its use. One regulation specifically governing the use of text messaging in financial-services firms engaged in stocks, equities, and securities trading is
513:
SMS has historically been particularly popular in Europe, Asia (excluding Japan; see below), the United States, Australia, and New Zealand, while also gaining influence in Africa. Popularity has grown to a sufficient extent that the term
736:
The use of text messaging for workplace purposes grew significantly during the mid-2000s. As companies seek competitive advantages, many employees used new technology, collaborative applications, and real-time messaging such as SMS,
1849:
Expectations for etiquette may differ depending on various factors. For example, expectations for appropriate behaviour have been found to differ markedly between the U.S. and India. Another example is generational differences. In
6857:
Shariful Islam, Sheikh Mohammed; Farmer, Andrew J; Bobrow, Kirsten; Maddison, Ralph; Whittaker, Robyn; Pfaeffli Dale, Leila Anne; Lechner, Andreas; Lear, Scott; Eapen, Zubin; Niessen, Louis Wilhelmus; Santo, Karla (October 2019).
873:
In the Republic of Ireland, in 2012, 1.5 billion messages were sent every quarter, on average 114 messages per person per month. In the United Kingdom, as of March 2012, over 1 billion text messages were sent every week. The
629:, is used in Australia to notify the public of impending disasters through both SMS and landline phone calls. These messages can be sent based on either the location of the phone or the address to which the handset is registered.
5893:
936:
found in May 2010 that 72% of U.S. adult cellphone users send and receive text messages. CTIA reported in 2022 that 2 trillion SMS and MMS were sent in the United States in 2021, showing continued popularity of the technology.
6663:
1315:
has shown that texting has a gendered dimension and it plays into the development of teen identity. In addition we text to a very small number of other persons. For most people, half of their texts go to 3 – 5 other people.
777:
for financial institutions in which it discussed the advantages and disadvantages of mobile channel platforms such as Short Message Services (SMS), Mobile Web, Mobile Client Applications, SMS with Mobile Web and Secure SMS.
2050:
lists Chris Young of Salem, Oregon as the world-record holder for the fastest 160-character text message where the contents of the message are not provided ahead of time. His record of 62.3 seconds was set on 23 May 2007.
2046:
fish in the world. In reality, they seldom attack a human." In 2005, the record was held by a 24-year-old Scottish man, Craig Crosbie, who completed the same message in 48 seconds, beating the previous time by 19 seconds.
1035:
Mobile Ltd launched in August 2009. In 2005, around 85% of the adult population had a mobile phone. In general, texting is more popular than making phone calls, as it is viewed as less intrusive and therefore more polite.
1426:
investigated the effect of other cognitive tasks, such as engaging in conversations or cognitive tasks on a phone, and found that participants actually have reduced visual awareness. This finding was supported by Licence
4967:
1739:
Text messaging has affected the political world. American campaigns find that text messaging is a much easier, cheaper way of getting to the voters than the door-to-door approach. In 2006 Mexico's then president-elect
4644:
1938:, along with most other service providers, charges texters 20 cents per message if they do not have a messaging plan or if they have exceeded their allotted number of texts. Given that an SMS message is at most 160
1296:) can be literally translated as "Hug hug you, kiss you, whole life, whole life I love you." English influences worldwide texting in variation, but still in combination with the individual properties of languages.
649:
services in South-East London. The study found that SMS message reminders could reduce the number of missed psychiatric appointments by 25–28%, representing a potential national yearly saving of over £150 million.
1862:
have increased the use of text messaging for work in the past five years. The same study found that 33% of knowledge workers felt text messaging was critical or very important to success and productivity at work.
673:
are special telephone numbers, shorter than full telephone numbers, that can be used to address SMS and MMS messages from mobile phones or fixed phones. There are two types of short codes: dialling and messaging.
554:
In 2013, research suggested that Internet-based mobile messaging would grow to equal the popularity of SMS by the end of 2013, with nearly 10 trillion messages being sent through each technology. Services such as
2059:. He has been acknowledged by The Universal Records Database for the most text messages in a single month; however, this has since been broken twice and as of 2010 was listed as 566607 messages by Fred Lindgren.
1062:" or "Net War", which create "people power". Research in 2015 has also proven that text messaging is somehow making the social distances larger and could be ruining verbal communication skills for many people.
1045:
and AIDS. In September 2009, a multi-country campaign in Africa used text messaging to expose stock-outs of essential medicines at public health facilities and put pressure on governments to address the issue.
1921:
scams). In SMiShing, users receive SMS messages posing to be from a company, enticing users to phone premium-rate numbers or reply with personal information. Similar concerns were reported by PhonepayPlus, a
652:
Because of the COVID-19 pandemic, medical facilities in the United States are using text messaging to coordinate the appointment process, including reminders, cancellations, and safe check-in. US-based cloud
2055:
Acklin of Ohio is credited with the world record for most text messages sent or received in a single month, with 200,052. His accomplishments were first in the World Records Academy and later followed up by
1951:. The same trend is visible in other countries, though increasingly widespread flat-rate plans, for example in Germany, do make text messaging easier, text messages sent abroad still result in higher costs.
4502:
More than 85% of young New Zealand adults now have a mobile phone (statistics by ethnicity are not available), and text messaging among this age group has rapidly developed into a new communications medium.
3217:
1088:
and the rapidity of typical text message exchanges have caused a number of spelling abbreviations: as in the phrase "txt msg", "u" (an abbreviation for "you"), "HMU"("hit me up"; i.e., call me), or use of
981:
6382:
Robert Burnett; Ylva Hård af Segerstad (8 September 2005). "The SMS murder mystery" in Safety and Security in a Networked World. Balancing Cyber-Rights & Responsibilities, Oxford Internet Institute.
3136:
534:
in an SMS sex scandal. Short messages are particularly popular among young urbanites. In many markets, the service is comparatively cheap. For example, in Australia, a message typically costs between
1509:
7314:
1271:("cassette tape"). There is also the use of numeral sequences, substituting for several syllables of a word and creating whole phrases using numerals. For example, in French, a12c4 can be said as
5949:
883:, (that is, when a user connects to another network in different country from their own) the prices may be higher, but in July 2009, EU legislation went into effect limiting this price to €0.11.
4514:
5584:
Following a string of extramarital affairs and several lurid "sexting" episodes, Warne has found himself home alone, with Simone Warne taking their three children and flying the conjugal coop.
1255:
symbols whose name sounds like a syllable of the word such as in 2day or b4. This is commonly used in other languages as well. Crystal gives some examples in several languages such as Italian
498:
is a type of text message that appears directly on the main screen without user interaction and is not automatically stored in the inbox. It can be useful in cases such as an emergency (e.g.,
1058:, allowing viewers to vote in online and TV polls, as well as receive information while they are on the move. Texting can also bring people together and create a sense of community through "
1378:
conducted a survey with more than 900 teens from over 26 high schools nationwide. The results showed that 87% of students found texting to be "very" or "extremely" distracting. A study by
1514: Sexting becomes a legal issue when teens (under 18) are involved, because any nude photos they may send of themselves would put the recipients in possession of child pornography.
5798:
330:(Groupe Spécial Mobile) meeting in February 1985 in Oslo. The first technical solution evolved in a GSM subgroup under the leadership of Finn Trosby. It was further developed under the
5901:
3958:
3789:
4249:
Lin, Angel & Tong, Avin (2008). "Mobile Cultures of Migrant Workers in Southern China: Informal Literacies in the Negotiation of (New) Social Relations of the New Working Women".
6671:
8768:
5346:
Hyman, S.M.; Boss, I.E.; Wise, B.M.; McKenzie, K.E.; Caggiano, J.M. (2010). "Did you see the unicycling clown? Inattentional blindness while walking and talking on a cell phone".
4379:
1883:
is displayed while the interlocutor is typing characters. The feature has been referred to as a "typing awareness indicator", for which patents have been filed since the 1990s.
1443:
or an ultrasound phone cover as a virtual white cane, or using the built-in camera to algorithmically analyze single, respectively a stream of pictures for obstacles, with Wang
4975:
3069:
6428:
770:
6027:
3254:
2137:
information, the onboard computer can determine if the driver is exceeding the current speed limit. The device can store this information and/or send it to another recipient.
4654:
2004:, which gives the provider visibility of the complete path of the SMS. This means SMS messages can be sent directly to and from recipients without having to go through the
7334:
6146:"An Empirical Examination of the Educational Impact of Text Message-Induced Task Switching in the Classroom: Educational Implications and Strategies to Enhance Learning"
5845:
1307:
translates into: ~(_8^(|). Crystal also suggests that texting has led to more creativity in the English language, giving people opportunities to create their own slang,
1173:
keyboard (for 2010s-era smartphones), so more effort is required to type each character, and there is sometimes a limit on the number of characters that may be sent. In
6001:
4847:
Rosen, L.D., Chang, J., Erwin, L., Carrier, L.M., & Cheever, N.A. (2010). "The Relationship Between "Textisms" and Formal and Informal Writing Among Young Adults".
386:
became the first network to offer a commercial person-to-person SMS text messaging service in 1994. When Radiolinja's domestic competitor, Telecom Finland (now part of
6810:"Effects of Mobile Phone SMS to Improve Glycemic Control Among Patients With Type 2 Diabetes in Bangladesh: A Prospective, Parallel-Group, Randomized Controlled Trial"
6045:
Okada, T. (2005). "Youth culture and shaping of Japanese mobile media: personalization and the keitainInternet as multimedia". In M. Ito; D. Okabe; M. Matsuda (eds.).
1439:
There have also been technological approaches to increase the safety/awareness of pedestrians that are (unintentionally) blind while using a smartphone, e.g., using a
980:. Japanese adolescents first began text messaging, because it was a cheaper form of communication than the other available forms. Thus, Japanese theorists created the
523:
frequent form of communication. In 2004 in China, SMS was very popular and brought service providers significant profit (18 billion short messages were sent in 2001).
4098:
4540:
1960:
videos or audio notes) and group messaging. Especially in western countries some of these services attract more and more users. Prominent examples of these include
617:
has recently been promoted as a means for walkers and climbers to call emergency services from areas where a voice call is not possible due to low signal strength.
7205:
6860:"Mobile phone text-messaging interventions aimed to prevent cardiovascular diseases (Text2PreventCVD): systematic review and individual patient data meta-analysis"
5979:
3228:
824:
There are a growing number of websites that allow users to send free SMS messages online. Some websites provide free SMS for promoting premium business packages.
636:
connectivity and satellite emergency services into conventional mobile phones for use in remote regions, where there is no reliable terrestrial cellular network.
5622:
3658:
781:
Mobile interaction services are an alternative way of using SMS in business communications with greater certainty. Typical business-to-business applications are
157:
would be impolite or inappropriate (e.g., calling very late at night or when one knows the other person is busy with family or work activities). Like e-mail and
1219:) reduces the labour of time-consuming input. This makes abbreviations not only less necessary but slower to type than regular words that are in the software's
4932:
Plester, B.; Wood, C.; Joshi, P. (2009). "Exploring the relationship between children's knowledge of text message abbreviations and school literacy outcomes".
3482:
3148:
5107:"Gait Pattern Alterations during Walking, Texting and Walking and Texting during Cognitively Distractive Tasks while Negotiating Common Pedestrian Obstacles"
745:
and a consumer), and for sending alerts. Several universities have implemented a system of texting students and faculties campus alerts. One such example is
7288:
4142:
Igarashi, T., Takai, J., & Yoshida, T. (2005). "Gender differences in social network development via mobile phone text messages: A longitudinal study".
9144:
4777:
Ling, Rich; Baron, Naomi S.; Lenhart, Amanda; Campbell, Scott W. (2 October 2014). ""Girls Text Really Weird": Gender, Texting and Identity Among Teens".
4704:"Gr8 db8r takes on linguistic Luddites: Language guru David Crystal tells John Crace that txt spk is responsible for neither bad spelling nor moral decay"
932:
in December 2009, the 286 million US subscribers sent 152.7 billion text messages per month, for an average of 534 messages per subscriber per month. The
1828:
are now also being linked to text messaging, as mobile phones are now more likely to have e-mail and Web capabilities to complement the ability to text.
1798:
1400:
1080:
This sticker seen in Paris satirizes the popularity of communication in SMS shorthand. In French: "Is that you? / It's me! / Do you love me? / Shut up!".
6636:
5957:
2208:
1335:(2011), she associates exposure to text messaging with more rigid acceptability constraints. The thesis suggests that more exposure to the colloquial,
4518:
3508:
2824:
In December 1992, Airwide was responsible for delivering the first ever SMS. The message, delivered on the Vodafone network, said 'Merry Christmas' .
1336:
140:
apps. Text messaging has been an extremely popular medium of communication since the turn of the century and has also influenced changes in society.
4882:
4350:
4179:
3548:
2863:
816:
Group texts are often sent as MMS messages and therefore require an internet connection to send instead of using the sender's text messaging plan.
77:, is the act of composing and sending electronic messages, typically consisting of alphabetic and numeric characters, between two or more users of
7024:
3408:
2731:
686:
the level of text messaging services, SMS gateway providers can be classified as resellers of the text messaging capability of another provider's
9934:
8569:
7113:
6609:
5923:
1113:
marks, such as Polish, SMS technology created an entire new variant of written language: characters normally written with diacritic marks (e.g.,
6694:
1752:
was largely circulated, thus breaking the laws that prohibited campaigning that day. Text messaging has helped politics by promoting campaigns.
5552:
4080:
3962:
3781:
908:, made the news when he allegedly broke up with his girlfriend with a text message. In 2007, the first book written solely in text messages,
7828:
7695:
6392:
6226:
5818:
2925:
2490:
9852:
9824:
9819:
8844:
5440:
Peng, En; Peursum, Patrick; Li, Ling; Venkatesh, Svetha (26 October 2010). "A Smartphone-Based Obstacle Sensor for the Visually Impaired".
4144:
4005:
977:
436:
399:
7076:
5444:. International Conference on Ubiquitous Intelligence and Computing. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Vol. 6406. pp. 590–604.
5414:
1654:
Texting has been used on a number of occasions with the result of the gathering of large aggressive crowds. SMS messaging drew a crowd to
1382:
found that 46% of teens admitted to being distracted behind the wheel due to texting. One example of distraction behind the wheel is the
725:
7148:
5311:
Stavrinos, D.; Byington, K. W.; Schwebel, D. C. (2011). "Distracted walking: Cell phones increase injury risk for college pedestrians".
4607:
4387:
2575:
2000:
connectivity to route the messages. The advantage of this international termination model is the ability to route data directly through
7180:
3255:"Mobile and SMS interaction service conducts study that says that IP-based mobile messaging will be just as popular as traditional SMS"
382:, which had been organized to celebrate the event. Modern SMS text messaging is usually sent from one mobile phone to another. Finnish
6581:
3114:
3077:
2516:
8439:
1923:
1686:
969:
428:
7754:
6808:
Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful; Niessen, Louis W.; Ferrari, Uta; Ali, Liaquat; Seissler, Jochen; Lechner, Andreas (1 August 2015).
6432:
5240:
2803:
1846:
Caps. Typing a text message in all capital letters will appear as though you are shouting at the recipient, and should be avoided."
1282:. Whenever it is used in texting, its intended use is with the English pronunciation. Crystal gives the example of the Welsh use of
7563:
6031:
5871:
3262:
7263:
6915:
Shariful Islam, Sheikh Mohammed; Lechner, Andreas; Ferrari, Uta; Seissler, Jochen; Holle, Rolf; Niessen, Louis W. (1 March 2016).
6200:
4410:
7938:
6723:
4593:
3760:
3013:
2119:
the service to monitor their corporate vehicles. The technology is still new and (currently) only available on a few car models.
1374:
Texting while driving leads to increased distraction behind the wheel and can lead to an increased risk of an accident. In 2006,
758:
6288:
4566:
2898:
9846:
7342:
4465:
3509:
Sims, H., Sanghara, H., Hayes, D., Wandiembe, S., Finch, M., Jakobsen, H., Tsakanikos, E., Okocha, C.I., Kravariti, E. (2012).
1772:
technology, and the millions of text messages exchanged by the demonstrators in 2001 was, by all accounts, a key to the crowds
6560:
6539:
6116:
Carrier, L. M.; Rosen, L. D.; Cheever, N. A.; Lim, A. (2015). "Causes, effects, and practicalities of everyday multitasking".
5849:
5748:
5722:
5678:
Strassberg, Donald; McKinnon, Ryan K. (7 June 2012). "Sexting by High School Students: An Exploratory and Descriptive Study".
9841:
9831:
9811:
9613:
7467:
7246:
6005:
5987:
5467:
4740:
3166:
2881:
2752:
2699:
644:
SMS messages are used in some countries as reminders of medical appointments. Missed outpatient clinic appointments cost the
633:
395:
153:. This makes texting a quick and easy way to communicate with friends, family, and colleagues, including in contexts where a
7665:
7108:
5209:
Lopresti-Goodman, S. M.; Rivera, A.; Dressel, C. (2012). "Practicing Safe Text: The Impact of Texting on Walking Behavior".
3562:
2347:"Exploring the longitudinal relationships between the use of grammar in text messaging and performance on grammatical tasks"
1348:
on the effects of text messaging on language. Texting has also been shown to have had no effect or some positive effects on
8715:
8031:
4483:
2651:
1685:, initially based on mobile phone text message service and later with an internet interface. The service was funded by the
1639:
8978:
4108:
3455:
2899:"PCS network launched in Baltimore-D.C. area – First system in nation offers digital challenge to cellular phone industry"
9903:
9836:
9682:
8705:
8258:
5652:
5264:"Distraction and pedestrian safety: How talking on the phone, texting, and listening to music impact crossing the street"
4900:
4544:
3039:
2736:
1504:
423:
networks. However, not all text-messaging systems use SMS; some notable alternate implementations of the concept include
358:
SMS messaging was used for the first time on 3 December 1992, at the Three Tuns Public House in Reading, Berkshire, when
343:
7524:
7213:
4302:
Rheingold, Howard (2002) Smart Mobs: The Next Social Revolution, Perseus, Cambridge, Massachusetts, pp. xi–xxii, 157–82
4122:
2837:
9608:
8811:
8743:
7538:
3803:
2535:
2088:
operators and expert SMS users. Several mobile phones have Morse code ring tones and alert messages. For example, many
1875:
Mural of a text message reading "I love you" and an ellipsis as a typing awareness indicator on the left (France, 2021)
1386:, which killed 25 passengers. The engineer had sent 45 text messages while operating the train. A 2009 experiment with
278:
systems, developed in the early 19th century, used electrical signals to send text messages. In the late 19th century,
5630:
3662:
9702:
8389:
6187:
6104:
6054:
5533:
5500:
5398:
4307:
3984:
2018:
645:
242:
7845:
4902:
What does txting do 2 language: The influences of exposure to messaging and print media on acceptability constraints
1333:
What does txting do 2 language: The influences of exposure to messaging and print media on acceptability constraints
224:
9487:
9035:
8837:
8690:
8264:
8061:
7992:
7503:
1745:
1690:
854:
7903:
6519:
1607:
Text messaging has been a subject of interest for police forces around the world. One of the issues of concern to
9598:
7292:
4488:
1554:
that the urge to forward text messages can be difficult to resist, describing text messages as "loaded weapons".
1420:
Texting on a phone distracts participants, even when the texting task used is a relatively simple one. Stavrinos
1383:
1379:
1177:, numbers that sound similar to words are used in place of those words. For example, the numbers 520 in Chinese (
654:
391:
216:
8327:
7592:
3511:"Text message reminders of appointments: a pilot intervention at four community mental health clinics in london"
9924:
9593:
8332:
7420:
7394:
3911:
3602:
2072:
2041:
1784:
1671:
1469:, constituting a trend in the creative use of SMS to excite another with alluring messages throughout the day.
1375:
220:
169:
to send messages to mobile users about promotions, payment due dates, and other notifications instead of using
7614:
5596:
4703:
4320:
4193:
Ishii, Kenichi (2006). "Implications of Mobility: The Uses of Personal Communication Media in Everyday Life".
9618:
8635:
8607:
8444:
8394:
8312:
8046:
6640:
5516:
Wang, Tianyu; Cardone, Giuseppe; Corradi, Antonio; Torresani, Lorenzo; Campbell, Andrew T. (1 January 2012).
4629:
3730:
3588:
3284:
797:
746:
448:
4030:
3335:
3092:
2224:"A Cross-Sectional Study of Textese in Academic Writing: Magnitude of Penetration, Impacts, and Perceptions"
953:. Many providers offer unlimited plans, which can result in a lower rate per text, given sufficient volume.
9893:
9654:
9551:
9094:
8889:
8861:
8700:
8211:
6728:
2005:
1797:
showed favorable changes in adherence to treatment. A risk is that these physicians could be violating the
687:
608:(微博). As of 2016, 21% of all American adults used Twitter. As of 2017, Weibo had 340 million active users.
415:
117:
494:
systems. Some amateurs have also built their own systems to control (some of) their appliances via SMS. A
9883:
9390:
8830:
8304:
8216:
7931:
6329:"Undergraduates' attitudes to text messaging language use and intrusions of textisms into formal writing"
5035:
2457:
1973:
1615:
text messages. In 2003, a British company developed a program called Fortress SMS which used 128 bit AES
1392:
editor Eddie Alterman (that took place at a deserted airfield, for safety reasons) compared texting with
1241:
964:
was among the first countries to adopt short messages widely, with pioneering non-GSM services including
121:
116:(SMS) on mobile devices. It has grown beyond alphanumeric text to include multimedia messages using the
9742:
9664:
9603:
9310:
8710:
8586:
8360:
5822:
5169:
Nasar, J; Hecht, P; Wener, R (2008). "Mobile telephones, distracted attention, and pedestrian safety".
2174:
1815:
The excessive use of the thumb for pressing keys on mobile devices has led to a high rate of a form of
9514:
9475:
9320:
9220:
9149:
9082:
8909:
8352:
6565:
6524:
4846:
3144:
901:
846:
626:
5821:. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Prevention Information Network. Archived from
5560:
4676:
2399:
2304:"Texting, techspeak, and tweens: The relationship between text messaging and English grammar skills"
530:
Similarly, in 2008, text messaging played a primary role in the implication of former Detroit Mayor
9873:
9115:
9050:
9003:
8963:
8788:
8167:
8108:
7153:
4415:
4195:
4084:
3640:
1934:
Concerns have been voiced over the excessive cost of off-plan text messaging in the United States.
1838:
1816:
1794:
1702:
1023:
There are three mobile network companies operating in New Zealand, with some sub-brands and MVNOs.
205:
7640:
5483:
Foerster, Klaus-Tycho; Gross, Alex; Hail, Nino; Uitto, Jara; Wattenhofer, Roger (1 January 2014).
2947:
2400:"mpact of text messaging on students' writing skills at university level: a corpus based analysis"
1635:. In 2003, a court in Malaysia upheld such a divorce pronouncement which was transmitted via SMS.
9944:
9712:
9697:
9541:
9492:
9415:
9315:
8993:
8879:
8874:
8753:
8748:
8172:
7703:
6396:
6231:
5773:
3832:
3386:
2933:
2259:
Rosen, Larry D.; Chang, Jennifer; Erwin, Lynne; Carrier, L. Mark; Cheever, Nancy A. (June 2010).
1764:
1707:
1093:, such as in "ThisIsVeryLame". To avoid the even more limited message lengths allowed when using
875:
870:
technology as other European countries, so the uptake is not hampered by technical restrictions.
766:
704:
691:
452:
339:
209:
6468:
5241:"Changes in gait properties during texting messages by a cell phone. Attention and gait control"
4812:
Ling, Rich; Bertel, Troels Fibæk; Sundsøy, Pål Roe (2012). "The socio-demographics of texting".
4015:
2985:
2873:
2867:
2026:
used for coding can cause a text message sent from one country to another to become unreadable.
9929:
9634:
9420:
9235:
9180:
9175:
8988:
8953:
8720:
8449:
8434:
8399:
8075:
7924:
6916:
5518:
WalkSafe: A Pedestrian Safety App for Mobile Phone Users Who Walk and Talk While Crossing Roads
5015:
3886:
2961:
605:
474:
306:
The University of Hawaii began using radio to send digital information as early as 1971, using
7236:
4730:
2778:
9536:
9340:
9305:
9225:
9205:
9127:
9015:
8936:
8763:
8667:
8581:
8228:
8206:
7987:
7784:
7726:
7158:
6177:
4906:
4876:
4173:
3542:
2613:
2022:
depending on the country of origin, destination and respective operators. Differences in the
1948:
1361:
1162:
1055:
858:
742:
166:
8869:
7190:
6488:"SMS Riot: Transmitting Race on a Sydney Beach, December 2005: The Politics of Transmission"
5262:
Schwebel, D. C.; Stavrinos, D; Byington, K. W.; Davis, T; O'Neal, E. E.; De Jong, D (2012).
3861:
3510:
1473:
intentions, such as to impress their friends or embarrass their sender. Celebrities such as
9939:
9450:
9410:
9380:
9137:
9072:
8894:
8685:
8150:
8051:
7977:
7887:
6544:
6328:
6070:
5120:
4971:
4484:"Smoking cessation using mobile phone text messaging is as effective in Māori as non-Māori"
4440:
3122:
2303:
2260:
2202:
2198:
1825:
1464:
1204:
621:
311:
275:
6262:
6201:"Google says Apple's iMessage, and its blue message bubbles, dominate because of bullying"
4055:
3677:
1662:. Not only were text messages circulating in the Sydney area but in other states as well (
8:
9460:
9400:
9159:
9121:
8919:
8904:
8574:
8494:
8342:
8004:
7762:
5383:
CrashAlert: Enhancing Peripheral Alertness for Eyes-busy Mobile Interaction While Walking
4010:
3936:
2811:
2067:
1744:
launched millions of text messages in the days immediately preceding his narrow win over
1659:
1345:
933:
929:
837:
708:
572:
323:
319:
279:
7459:
7453:
6134:
Special issue on Living in the "Net" Generation: Multitasking, Learning and Development.
5124:
2964:[Long remote control with your mobile phone] (in Dutch). Elektor.nl. 1 June 2011
2261:"The Relationship Between "Textisms" and Formal and Informal Writing Among Young Adults"
9687:
9644:
9575:
9445:
9375:
9350:
9285:
9132:
8853:
8620:
8477:
7731:
7567:
7484:
7425:
7319:
7130:
7000:
6975:
6892:
6859:
6356:
5803:
5703:
5363:
5288:
5263:
5143:
5106:
5020:
4864:
4829:
4794:
4325:
4276:
4231:
4212:
4161:
2639:
Telex originated in Germany and rapidly expanded to other countries after World War II.
2379:
2346:
2331:
2288:
2245:
2184:
2001:
1997:
1493:
1492:
A 2012 study that has received wide international media attention was conducted at the
1246:
786:
556:
379:
6809:
6733:
6454:
4436:
3017:
1979:
In 2021, 8.4 trillion SMS messages were sent globally, compared to 18.25 trillion for
1788:
Some health organizations manage text messaging services to help people avoid smoking.
1741:
406:
in Washington, D.C., made the initial phone call to launch the network, calling Mayor
9727:
9649:
9563:
9546:
9509:
9355:
9185:
9154:
9020:
8914:
8800:
8758:
8593:
8549:
8372:
8365:
8223:
7982:
7853:
7463:
7242:
7134:
7005:
6956:
6948:
6943:
6897:
6879:
6839:
6831:
6348:
6303:
6236:
6183:
6100:
6050:
5695:
5529:
5520:. Twelfth Workshop on Mobile Computing Systems & Applications. pp. 5:1–5:6.
5496:
5487:. 13th International Conference on Mobile and Ubiquitous Multimedia. pp. 68–72.
5463:
5394:
5328:
5293:
5186:
5148:
5078:
4949:
4798:
4736:
4623:
4570:
4303:
4280:
4208:
4165:
3756:
3582:
3530:
2903:
2877:
2807:
2695:
2623:
2465:
2384:
2366:
2323:
2280:
2249:
2153:
1903:
1897:
1859:
1341:
1212:
1024:
738:
564:
548:
540:
535:
507:
499:
463:
367:
165:
websites or to participate in online contests. Advertisers and service providers use
137:
9395:
7051:
5367:
4868:
4833:
4469:
4216:
3716:
2292:
1749:
1278:"). An example of using symbols in texting and borrowing from English is the use of
9732:
9692:
9672:
9639:
9568:
9526:
9440:
9295:
9280:
9255:
9230:
9190:
9040:
8899:
8884:
8695:
8640:
8506:
8472:
8382:
8317:
8189:
8118:
7972:
7955:
7870:
7122:
6995:
6987:
6938:
6928:
6887:
6871:
6821:
6499:
6340:
6157:
6125:
5707:
5687:
5521:
5488:
5453:
5445:
5386:
5355:
5320:
5283:
5275:
5218:
5178:
5138:
5128:
5074:
5070:
4941:
4856:
4821:
4786:
4266:
4258:
4204:
4153:
4103:
3522:
2374:
2358:
2335:
2315:
2272:
2235:
2223:
2179:
2158:
2076:. As of 2011, best time listed on Game Center for that paragraph is 34.65 seconds.
1935:
1909:
1810:
1561:
1174:
1085:
531:
315:
98:
90:
42:
27:
6360:
6263:"Green bubble trouble — how Apple geniously employs dark psychology with iMessage"
3757:"Regulatory Notice 07-59, Supervision of Electronic Communications, December 2007"
2205:: Roman and medieval abbreviations used to save space on manuscripts and epigraphs
62:
9360:
9215:
8983:
8958:
8946:
8534:
8524:
8499:
8482:
8459:
8289:
8284:
8177:
7673:
7126:
7029:
6991:
6760:
5449:
5133:
4790:
3678:"Privacy and trust: The implications of U.S. carriers ending premium SMS billing"
3487:
3430:
1773:
1608:
1482:
1478:
1300:
1196:
1094:
985:
965:
503:
424:
371:
102:
82:
6875:
4497:
1759:
of the Philippines became the first head of state in history to lose power to a
792:
Text messaging is widely used in business settings; as well, it is used in many
755:
Regulatory Notice 07-59, Supervision of Electronic Communications, December 2007
690:
or offering the text messaging capability as an operator of their own SMSC with
9558:
9430:
9405:
9365:
9335:
9210:
9045:
8998:
8973:
8931:
8516:
8489:
8467:
7109:"Emerging Interpersonal Norms of Text Messaging in India and the United States"
7081:
6719:
5980:"Connie Schultz: Making kids to tell law's naked truth is the perfect sentence"
5385:. SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. pp. 3385–3388.
3360:
2732:"It's been 25 years since the first-ever text message and the kids are alright"
2194:
2164:
2063:
1756:
1655:
1643:
1388:
1366:
1228:
1154:
1102:
1098:
1012:
917:
905:
269:
154:
124:(RCS), which can contain digital images, videos, and sound content, as well as
6289:"The influence of phonetic abbreviations on evaluation of student performance"
6002:"Maryland Newsline – Business & Tech Special Report: Teens and Technology"
5691:
5656:
5458:
5324:
5279:
5182:
5061:
Lamberg, E. M.; Muratori, L. M. (2012). "Cell phones change the way we walk".
4910:
4262:
3526:
3483:"Text reminders could save NHS millions – Health News – Health & Families"
3047:
439:, both in Japan. E-mail messaging from phones, as popularized by NTT Docomo's
9918:
9707:
9480:
9470:
9385:
9275:
9270:
9260:
9245:
9067:
8926:
8630:
8279:
8243:
8194:
8182:
6952:
6883:
6835:
6352:
6344:
6240:
6129:
5924:"Sexting is More Common Among Teens Than Previously Thought, Say Researchers"
4945:
4860:
4825:
4157:
2627:
2618:
2469:
2370:
2327:
2319:
2284:
2276:
2169:
2023:
1821:
1544:
1500:
1393:
1304:
1251:
1233:
793:
711:(VASP), either through revenue share or a fixed transport fee. Services like
594:
359:
256:
51:
6933:
6917:"Mobile phone use and willingness to pay for SMS for diabetes in Bangladesh"
5525:
5492:
5390:
4767:
Crystal, David: the gr8 db8. New York: Oxford University Press, 2008. Print.
4028:
3814:
3309:
2550:
1447:
proposing to use machine learning to specifically detect incoming vehicles.
543:
connected to the Internet. Mobile service providers in New Zealand, such as
9585:
9425:
9370:
9300:
9265:
9200:
9099:
9089:
8941:
8662:
8625:
8559:
8269:
8160:
7947:
7009:
6960:
6901:
6843:
5699:
5332:
5297:
5190:
5152:
5082:
4953:
4649:
4452:
4380:"The Philippines Reaffirms Status As "Text Messaging Capital Of The World""
3534:
3456:"Qualcomm's Snapdragon Satellite will let Android phones text off the grid"
2388:
1763:. More than one million Manila residents assembled at the site of the 1986
1728:
1712:
1585:
1312:
1071:
942:
407:
97:, or another type of compatible computer. Text messages may be sent over a
78:
55:
20:
7364:
6327:
Grace, Abbie; Kemp, Nenagh; Martin, Frances H; Parrila, Rauno (May 2015).
6162:
6145:
4141:
2600:
as it was then known, opened the world's first public teleprinter network.
2240:
9785:
9435:
9345:
9330:
9290:
9250:
9109:
8650:
8615:
8564:
8539:
8101:
8041:
7857:
7832:
7185:
4896:
2430:
2134:
2010:
1993:
1855:
1474:
1370:
A driver with attention divided between a mobile phone and the road ahead
1328:
1161:
messages. Historically, this language developed out of shorthand used in
892:
721:
682:
670:
483:
387:
283:
34:
7807:
6661:
5485:
SpareEye: Enhancing the Safety of Inattentionally Blind Smartphone Users
4271:
3610:
1101:
letters, speakers of languages written in those alphabets often use the
9790:
9497:
9195:
9104:
9060:
9030:
9008:
8738:
8554:
8529:
8426:
8337:
8294:
8233:
7398:
6614:
2362:
2085:
1961:
1628:
1616:
1612:
1557:
1220:
1216:
1090:
973:
801:
782:
444:
432:
383:
363:
331:
291:
162:
86:
6826:
5799:"U Study Finds 'Sexting' More Common Among Teens Than You Might Think"
5774:"Sending Sexually Explicit Photos by Cell Phone Is Common Among Teens"
4029:
Kristen Purcell; Roger Entner; Nichole Henderson (14 September 2010).
3334:
Greenwood, Shannon; Perrin, Andrew; Duggan, Maeve (11 November 2016).
1733:
Salut! Quoi de neuf? On n'est jamais de trop à se battre pour la Paix!
9775:
9240:
9055:
8822:
8274:
8036:
7792:
6504:
6487:
6469:"A Warrant Is Needed To Obtain Text Messages, State High Court Rules"
5547:
5545:
5359:
5222:
4541:"Silence = Death. In South Africa, text messages can end the silence"
3167:"Detroit Mayor Kwame Kilpatrick, Christine Beatty in Sex SMS Scandal"
2692:
Short Message Service, the Creation of Personal Global Text Messaging
1769:
1760:
1237:
1166:
1110:
1076:
1059:
928:
In the United States, text messaging is very popular; as reported by
620:
In the US, there is a move to require both traditional operators and
178:
158:
7430:
6914:
6227:"Why Apple's iMessage Is Winning: Teens Dread the Green Text Bubble"
4351:"Research and Markets: Philippines – Telecoms, Mobile and Broadband"
3782:"TynTec calls for industry benchmarked SMS service level agreements"
2669:
concept for the perfect-length, rapid-fire 'short message' was born.
2517:"A Social History of the Mobile Telephone with a View of its Future"
1852:
The M-Factor: How the Millennial Generation Is Rocking the Workplace
1584:
However, students have become aware of the reality that using these
1549:
Spreading rumors and gossip by text message, using text messages to
1240:
marks is dropped in languages such as French, as well as symbols in
194:
9770:
9760:
9677:
9502:
9325:
8645:
8417:
8024:
8014:
8009:
7874:
7556:
5415:"Samsung Releasing Smartphone-Paired Technologies for Blind People"
5111:
4997:
2189:
1980:
1965:
1918:
1880:
1682:
1565:
1349:
1308:
1106:
1032:
950:
850:
712:
657:
vendor AbbaDox includes this in their patient engagement services.
568:
560:
495:
491:
468:
375:
352:
307:
125:
106:
6856:
5542:
5238:
3734:
3188:
2101:"Tattle texting" can mean either of two different texting trends:
1642:
ruled in 2017 that under the state constitution, police require a
9765:
9750:
8968:
8544:
8322:
7999:
6586:
6144:
Rosen, L. D.; Lim, A. F.; Carrier, L. M.; Cheever, N. A. (2011).
4645:"Lost in Translation: Texting Killing Human Communication Skills"
2991:
1716:
1678:
1621:
1522:
1456:
1158:
1008:
920:. It is about an executive who travels through Europe and India.
880:
842:
632:
In the early 2020s, device manufacturers have begun to integrate
601:
403:
7916:
5582:
Roberts, Yvonne (31 July 2005). "The One and Only". p. 22.
9795:
9755:
9077:
8657:
8377:
6724:"In politics, blogs and text messages are the new American way"
6695:"Why The U'S' Government's Fake 'Cuban Twitter' Service Failed"
5894:"Most teens unaware about legal consequences of sexting: Study"
5749:"As many as 20% of teens have 'sexted', according to new study"
2753:"Reading man who sent first text spills the beans on text talk"
2622:. Vol. 5, no. 46. IDG Network World Inc. p. 68.
1871:
1591:
1569:
1440:
1422:
1321:
1170:
1028:
544:
479:
440:
133:
94:
7785:"A race to the wire as old hand at Morse code beats txt msgrs"
7235:
Gardiner, Michael E.; Haladyn, Julian Jason (4 October 2016).
6974:
Patrick, K.; Griswold, W. G.; Raab, F; Intille, S. S. (2008).
6973:
6047:
Personal, Portable, Pedestrian: Mobile Phones in Japanese Life
6028:"Top News – Students dial up trouble in new twist to cheating"
5261:
4123:"Sen. to carriers: Why do text messages cost $ 1,300 per meg?"
1731:: «Slt koi29 on é jamé 2tro @ s batre pour la P. ;-)» = «
378:
network to the phone of Richard Jarvis, who was at a party in
9780:
9717:
9025:
6662:
Arce, Alberto; Butler, Desmond; Gillum, Jack (3 April 2014).
5381:
Hincapié-Ramos, Juan David; Irani, Pourang (1 January 2013).
5208:
4610:. Newhorizons.org. Archived from the original on 13 June 2010
4411:"Vodafone boosts mobile customers, ending long run of losses"
4127:
3702:
2089:
1939:
1858:
studied how we communicate at work] and found that 58% of US
1677:
Between 2009 and 2012 the U.S. secretly created and funded a
1632:
1550:
1200:
961:
800:
workplaces. The U.S. And Canadian civil service both adopted
576:
300:
296:
174:
150:
129:
4515:"Text Messaging will be Huge for Mobile Operators in Africa"
2680:
GSM document 19/85, available on the GSM-SMG Archive DVD-ROM
9722:
8019:
7264:"The history behind text messaging's most dreadful feature"
7025:"Text Messaging Between Clinicians Increasing in Hospitals"
5515:
4968:"Teens Admit Text Messaging Most Distracting While Driving"
3717:"BBC Radio 2 - The Chris Evans Breakfast Show - Contact Us"
1969:
1631:, husbands can divorce their wives by the pronouncement of
1208:
888:
519:
170:
7539:"How Many Text Messages Are Sent a Day? (2023 Statistics)"
4035:
Pew Research Center’s Internet & American Life Project
3951:
2228:
International Journal of Contemporary Educational Research
1646:
before obtaining access to text messages without consent.
1575:
1133:
1127:
1121:
1115:
8730:
8155:
7365:"Warning over 'scam' that charges users to receive texts"
6786:
5310:
5245:
Gazzetta Medica Italiana: Archivio per le Scienze Mediche
4298:
4296:
4294:
4292:
4290:
4232:"China to Scan Text Messages to Spot 'Unhealthy Content'"
3959:"One billion text messages are sent every week in the UK"
3202:
3129:
2345:
Wood, Clare; Kemp, Nenagh; Waldron, Sam (November 2014).
2130:
2122:
Common conditions that can be chosen to send a text are:
867:
716:
states, effectively ending its use in the United States.
347:
335:
327:
113:
47:
6637:"The Social Impacts of Mobile Phones and Text Messaging"
4776:
841:
SMS is used to send "welcome" messages to mobile phones
112:
The term originally referred to messages sent using the
8128:
8123:
8113:
8096:
8091:
8080:
7696:"Most Text Messages Sent or Received in a Single Month"
5819:"'Sexting' Prevalent Among High-Schoolers, Study Finds"
5723:"'Sexting' prevalent among high-schoolers, study finds"
4735:. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 131–137.
4594:"5 Negative Effects of Mobile Phone In Our Social Life"
1914:
420:
7871:
Nokia files patent for Morse Code-generating cellphone
6807:
6664:"U'S' secretly created 'Cuban Twitter' to stir unrest"
6326:
6143:
6115:
6097:
Cell Phone Culture: Mobile technology in everyday life
5482:
5439:
4608:"Instant Messaging: Friend or Foe of Student Writing?"
4287:
3361:"Twitter user numbers overtaken by China's Sina Weibo"
2869:
The Cell Phone Reader: Essays in Social Transformation
2491:"IT in everyday life: View as single page | OpenLearn"
2258:
1723:
370:), used a personal computer to send the text message "
50:– the 160 character limit and difficulty of typing on
7846:"Back to the Future – Morse Code and Cellular Phones"
6286:
5345:
4998:"Texting And Driving Worse Than Drinking and Driving"
4517:. thepinehillsnews.com. 17 March 2009. Archived from
3912:"Best Mass Texting Services Of 2023 – Forbes Advisor"
3333:
2398:
Sadiq, Uzma; Ajmal, Muhammad; Suleman, Nazia (2022).
1404:
crashing was 23 times greater than when not texting.
1275:, "see you around" (literally: "to one of these four
447:, also typically use standard mail protocols such as
7593:"Sonja satte sms-verdensrekord | TV 2 Nyhetene"
7504:"AT&T and Verizon deny price-fixing accusations"
7395:"AT&T's text messages cost $ 1,310 per megabyte"
7052:"HIPAA compliant messaging for healthcare providers"
6429:"Boston police turn to text messages to fight crime"
5872:"U study: More teens 'sext' than previously thought"
5623:"Sexting with friends is the new High School "note""
5016:"In Study, Texting Lifts Crash Risk by Large Margin"
4248:
3310:"More Than a Message: The Evolution of Conversation"
2838:"15 years of text messages, a 'cultural phenomenon'"
2536:"Conference on Information Systems Applied Research"
2458:"15 years of text messages, a 'cultural phenomenon'"
2057:
Ripley's Believe It Or Not 2010: Seeing Is Believing
1913:
magazine and the Utility Consumers' Action Network (
639:
580:
messaging applications made group messaging easier.
7838:
7672:. TECHNOLOGY News. 17 November 2007. Archived from
7327:
7238:
Boredom Studies Reader: Frameworks and Perspectives
7106:
7102:
7100:
5380:
4677:"Officials: Students can use 'text speak' on tests"
4345:
4343:
3887:"Group Texting for Businesses (Group MMS) | Twilio"
3218:"Converged-mobile-messaging analysis and forecasts"
2804:"Airwide Solutions Says Happy 15th Birthday to SMS"
2652:"The Text Message Turns 20: A Brief History of SMS"
2302:Cingel, Drew P.; Sundar, S. Shyam (December 2012).
1799:
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act
1250:(which translates as "Texting: the Great Debate"),
677:
7587:
7585:
7485:"AT&T, Verizon Deny Text-Message Price-Fixing"
7388:
7386:
7281:
6755:
6753:
6751:
5677:
3603:"HTTP SMS API - Easy to implement - BudgetSMS.net"
3387:"Mountaineering Council of Scotland news 24/11/10"
3285:"How messaging apps change the way we communicate"
2984:
2866:. In Anandam P. Kavoori and Noah Arceneaux (ed.).
2209:Comparison of user features of messaging platforms
1715:($ 400) to anyone who "makes noise" in support of
1137:in Polish) are now being written without them (as
16:Act of typing and sending a brief, digital message
7718:
7566:. Gartner Group. 26 November 2002. Archived from
6540:"Police consider SMS Cronulla messages 'a crime'"
4811:
4567:"AFRICA: Text messages highlight drug stock-outs"
3634:
3632:
3630:
3628:
3340:Pew Research Center: Internet, Science & Tech
3107:
2397:
2084:A few competitions have been held between expert
1564:, uses Apple's Internet-based messaging service,
19:"Txt msg" redirects here. For the TV series, see
9916:
7727:"Rule of Thumbs: Koreans Reign in Texting World"
7097:
6686:
6395:. textually.org. 8 December 2005. Archived from
6287:Lewandowski, Gary; Harrington, Samantha (2006).
4931:
4340:
2864:"Casting a Powerful Spell: The Evolution of SMS"
2596:Just over fifty years ago, in October 1933, the
7864:
7582:
7383:
7234:
7114:Journal of Intercultural Communication Research
6748:
6610:"We were all young once, but teens need limits"
6582:"Police probe how 500 teens got a party invite"
6260:
6004:. Newsline.umd.edu. 17 May 2006. Archived from
5994:
5581:
5239:Uchiyama, M; Demura, S.; Natsuhori, E. (2012).
5168:
5100:
5098:
5096:
5094:
5092:
5060:
3703:"Vote! - Eurovision Song Contest Tel Aviv 2019"
3638:
2431:"Europe, Asia embrace GR8 way to stay in touch"
2344:
2161:, also called private message or direct message
7564:"Don't Use SMS for Confidential Communication"
7421:"Texting prices rise as carriers make profits"
7107:Shuter, Robert; Chattopadhyay, Sumana (2010).
6426:
6176:Harding, S. & Rosenberg, D. (Ed). (2005).
5846:"1 in 5 Teens 'Sexting' – Many Without a Clue"
4192:
3985:"The new proposal for reducing roaming prices"
3625:
3093:"Teens are sending 60 texts a day, study says"
2612:Herbst, Kris; Ubois, Jeff (14 November 1988).
1866:
1303:is also recognized in shorthand. For example,
1293:bào bao nǐ qīng qing nǐ yīshēng yìshì wǒ ài nǐ
136:, sad faces, and other icons), and on various
26:"Texter" redirects here. For the surname, see
8838:
7932:
7761:. United States. 6 April 2011. Archived from
7525:The death of SMS has been greatly exaggerated
7262:SFGATE, Dianne de Guzman (20 November 2020).
7077:"New Zealand woman diagnosed with text thumb"
5104:
4569:. PlusNews. 17 September 2009. Archived from
4543:. Brian S Hall. 28 March 2011. Archived from
4374:
4372:
4321:"Manila's Talk of the Town Is Text Messaging"
3733:. Live.psu.edu. 31 March 2008. Archived from
3246:
2982:
2717:Introduction to CCITT Signalling System No. 7
2543:How Mobile Technology is Changing Our Culture
2533:
1879:In some text messaging software products, an
1485:have been victims of such abuses of sexting.
1291:
1153:) to enable using cell phones without Polish
467:A person recreationally text messaging using
314:conceptualised SMS in 1984 while working for
7822:
7755:"World Record Texting Speed App – iTextFast"
7307:
7291:. Kathirvel.com. 7 July 2010. Archived from
7203:
6692:
6655:
5234:
5232:
5204:
5202:
5200:
5089:
4881:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
4758:"Thumbspeak" Menand, Louis. 20 October 2008.
4178:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
4145:Journal of Social and Personal Relationships
3547:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
2404:Competitive Social Sciences Research Journal
2301:
2066:sponsored an international competition, the
400:Digital Enhanced Cordless Telecommunications
9853:Global telecommunications regulation bodies
7777:
7527:. Phonearena.com. Retrieved on 8 June 2015.
7335:"UCAN report on Sprint SPAM SMS settlement"
5105:Sammy Licence; et al. (29 July 2015).
5056:
5054:
5052:
5050:
5048:
4934:British Journal of Developmental Psychology
4701:
4591:
4455:. Vodafone.co.nz. Retrieved on 8 June 2015.
3569:. Archived from the original on 30 May 2013
3203:"Receive Texts for Free | the SMS Bay"
2729:
2611:
2351:British Journal of Developmental Psychology
1968:(exclusive to the Apple ecosystem) and the
1711:A text message that (he says) promises 500
1011:revolution, which overthrew then-President
982:selective interpersonal relationship theory
223:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
9889:
8845:
8831:
7939:
7925:
7829:Nokia app lets you key SMSes in Morse Code
7747:
7482:
7206:"Executives Demand Communications Arsenal"
7181:"How do we communicate in business today?"
6457:. 27 July 2003 – via news.bbc.co.uk.
5304:
4369:
4229:
3929:
3641:"Cheapo textable landline numbers for all"
2962:"Lange-afstandsbediening met uw mobieltje"
2689:
2034:
1837:impolite text messages. At the website of
1236:some of the world's languages. The use of
7805:
7315:"Sprint and Cingular Named in Complaints"
6999:
6942:
6932:
6891:
6825:
6718:
6503:
6161:
5950:"Why teens indulge in so much 'sexting'?"
5655:. Thenationalcampaign.org. Archived from
5457:
5287:
5255:
5229:
5197:
5164:
5162:
5142:
5132:
4270:
3961:. Mobile Data Association. Archived from
3731:"Penn State Live – PSUTXT test a success"
3160:
3158:
2378:
2239:
1954:
1687:U.S. Agency for International Development
1199:software, which attempts to guess words (
1181:) sound like the words for "I love you" (
984:, claiming that mobile phones can change
243:Learn how and when to remove this message
7724:
6561:"Man in court over Cronulla revenge SMS"
5575:
5045:
3137:"Filipinos sent 1 billion text messages"
2750:
2514:
2221:
1870:
1783:
1722:
1706:
1521:
1407:
1365:
1355:
1075:
836:
473:
462:
255:The service is referred to by different
66:A text message conversation on an iPhone
61:
41:
7501:
7451:
7197:
6980:American Journal of Preventive Medicine
6579:
6558:
6455:"Malaysia permits text message divorce"
6224:
6182:. London: Duke University Press, p. 84
6049:. Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press.
5746:
4728:
3761:Financial Industry Regulatory Authority
3480:
3252:
3215:
2896:
2861:
2835:
2534:Morris, Robert; Pinchot, Jamie (2010).
2455:
1576:Influence on perceptions of the student
759:Financial Industry Regulatory Authority
398:frequency régime had blocked for DECT (
9935:Computer-related introductions in 1985
9917:
8852:
7536:
7261:
6485:
6322:
6320:
6318:
6316:
5843:
5339:
5159:
4408:
4230:Lafraniere, Sharon (20 January 2010).
3209:
3155:
1526:Two girls text during class at school.
1189:) sounds like the curse "go to hell" (
819:
625:avalanche. A similar system, known as
414:fraud, which was possible by changing
299:postal service) introduced the first "
8826:
7920:
7418:
7392:
7241:. Taylor & Francis. p. 147.
7069:
7022:
6607:
6580:Miletic, Daniella (13 January 2008).
6296:Current Research in Social Psychology
6044:
5442:Ubiquitous Intelligence and Computing
3856:
3854:
3833:"How to Send a Group Text on Android"
3563:"Technical & Pricing Information"
3164:
3070:"Living the fast, young life in Asia"
2897:Dresser, Michael (16 November 1995).
2855:
2836:Shannon, Victoria (5 December 2007).
2776:
2714:
2456:Shannon, Victoria (5 December 2007).
2029:
1902:In 2002, an increasing trend towards
1065:
1039:
611:
54:keypads led to the abbreviations of "
9899:
7502:Reardon, Marguerite (16 June 2009).
6608:Nixon, Christine (15 January 2008).
6393:"SMS Alert Service for Dutch Police"
5597:"Texting: From Faux Pas to Faux Sex"
3115:"News report on text rates for 2001"
3016:. Routomessaging.com. Archived from
2948:"TCP/IP Internetworking With 'gawk'"
2777:Ahmed, Rashmee Z (4 December 2002).
1986:
1779:
1640:Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court
334:of Kevin Holley and Ian Harris (see
221:adding citations to reliable sources
188:
7886:George, Justin (11 September 2008)
7702:. 14 September 2010. Archived from
7666:"World's fastest texter in Dunedin"
6431:. Computerworld.com. Archived from
6313:
5553:"Encyclopedia of Risks and Threats"
4895:
4642:
4496:(1216). 3 June 2005. Archived from
4466:"A free TXT service to say Call Me"
4099:"Notice of Text Messaging Increase"
3675:
3481:Lakhani, Nina (24 September 2011).
3409:"goforawalk.com news December 2010"
2751:Perryman, Francesca (6 July 2016).
2737:Australian Broadcasting Corporation
1929:
1804:
344:Integrated Services Digital Network
13:
8769:USA use restrictions while driving
8744:Legality of recording by civilians
7725:Sang-hun, Choe (27 January 2010).
7595:. Tv2nyhetene.no. 14 November 2009
7483:Albanesius, Chloe (16 June 2009).
7204:Alison Diana (30 September 2010).
6670:. Associated Press. Archived from
6261:Kimberly Gedeon (8 October 2022).
6198:
6071:"Exams ban for mobile phone users"
5986:. 13 December 2008. Archived from
5720:
5268:Accident Analysis & Prevention
5171:Accident Analysis & Prevention
4251:Knowledge, Technology & Policy
3937:"RTE article on Ireland SMS usage"
3851:
3792:from the original on 3 March 2016.
3216:Crocker, Peter (15 January 2013).
2932:. 12 February 2001. Archived from
2214:
1292:
1267:("where are you") and French k7 =
916:), was released by Finnish author
697:
660:
362:, a 22-year-old test engineer for
326:, he developed a proposal for the
14:
9956:
7946:
7904:"Schooling fans on good behavior"
7808:"Nokia Mobile Phones Easter Eggs"
7615:"Fastest fingers top text record"
7339:Utility Consumers' Action Network
6761:"Text Messaging in U.S. Politics"
6639:. Dgp.toronto.edu. Archived from
4702:Crace, John (16 September 2008).
3639:Andrew Orlowski (18 April 2008).
3431:"911 Services And Text Messaging"
3253:Withers, Paul (23 January 2013).
2872:. New York: Peter Lang. pp.
2810:. 5 December 2007. Archived from
2104:
2096:
1109:. In certain languages utilizing
1048:
646:National Health Service (England)
640:Reminders of medical appointments
338:). SMS forms an integral part of
9898:
9888:
9879:
9878:
9867:
9488:Free-space optical communication
8806:
8805:
8794:
8782:
7897:
7880:
7799:
7688:
7658:
7633:
7607:
7530:
7518:
7495:
7476:
7445:
7412:
7357:
7341:. 5 October 2006. Archived from
7255:
7228:
7173:
7141:
7044:
7016:
6967:
6908:
6850:
6801:
6779:
6712:
6629:
6601:
6573:
6559:Kennedy, Les (6 December 2006).
6552:
6532:
6512:
6479:
6461:
6447:
6420:
6417:CryptoSMS – Crypto for Criminals
6411:
6385:
6376:
6367:
6280:
6254:
6218:
6192:
6170:
6137:
6109:
6089:
6063:
6038:
6020:
5972:
5942:
5916:
5886:
5864:
5837:
5811:
5791:
5766:
5740:
5714:
5671:
5645:
5615:
5589:
5509:
5476:
5433:
5407:
5374:
5028:
4209:10.1111/j.1460-2466.2006.00023.x
3676:Bud, Andrew (12 December 2013).
3389:. Mcofs.org.uk. 24 November 2010
3090:
1926:in the United Kingdom, in 2012.
1691:Office of Transition Initiatives
1681:-like service for Cubans called
1649:
1602:
1232:explores how text messaging has
923:
827:
757:, issued to member firms by the
731:
678:Text messaging gateway providers
588:
270:SMS § Developmental history
193:
7888:"Bucs fans can tattle via text"
7645:The book of alternative records
6427:Weiss, Todd R. (18 June 2007).
6225:Higgins, Tim (8 January 2022).
5008:
4990:
4960:
4925:
4889:
4840:
4805:
4770:
4761:
4749:
4722:
4695:
4669:
4636:
4600:
4585:
4559:
4533:
4507:
4489:The New Zealand Medical Journal
4476:
4458:
4446:
4430:
4402:
4313:
4242:
4223:
4186:
4135:
4115:
4091:
4073:
4048:
4022:
3998:
3977:
3904:
3879:
3825:
3796:
3774:
3749:
3723:
3709:
3695:
3669:
3651:
3595:
3555:
3502:
3474:
3448:
3423:
3401:
3379:
3353:
3327:
3302:
3277:
3195:
3181:
3084:
3062:
3032:
3006:
2976:
2954:
2940:
2918:
2890:
2829:
2796:
2779:"UK hails 10th birthday of SMS"
2770:
2744:
2730:Ariel Bogle (3 December 2017).
2723:
2708:
2683:
2515:Wakeford, N. (1 January 2003).
2222:Al-Kadi̇, Abdu (17 June 2019).
2048:The Book of Alternative Records
1384:2008 Chatsworth train collision
900:in November 2004. In 2006, the
583:
7856:. 28 June 2005. Archived from
7806:eeggs.com (21 November 2001).
7700:The Universal Records Database
7419:Jones, Ashley (28 July 2009).
7023:Terry, Ken (31 October 2012).
6520:"Text messages 'fuel trouble'"
5848:. PsychCentral. Archived from
5747:Collins, Lois (16 June 2012).
5075:10.1016/j.gaitpost.2011.12.005
4974:. 19 July 2007. Archived from
4081:"Sprint Nextel Text Messaging"
3813:. January 2009. Archived from
3804:"Mobile Banking Overview (NA)"
3147:. 4 March 2008. Archived from
2674:
2644:
2605:
2568:
2527:
2508:
2483:
2449:
2423:
2073:Guinness Book of World Records
2042:Guinness Book of World Records
1755:On 20 January 2001, President
1696:
1672:2009 Iranian election protests
1627:Under some interpretations of
1376:Liberty Mutual Insurance Group
1018:
1001:
807:
703:typically divided between the
665:
392:private communication services
184:
1:
7537:Knight, Steven (9 May 2023).
7458:. New York: Oxford. pp.
6976:"Health and the mobile phone"
6693:Olson, Parmy (4 April 2014).
6373:Fortress SMS technical report
6302:(15): 215–226. Archived from
5844:Nauert, Rick (14 June 2012).
4779:Journal of Children and Media
4592:Shoeb Adnan (14 March 2015).
4409:McBeth, Paul (22 July 2013).
3659:"Short Message Service (SMS)"
2416:
2113:
2079:
1886:
1517:
798:non-governmental organization
604:) and its Chinese equivalent
33:For chatting in general, see
9874:Telecommunication portal
9655:Telecommunications equipment
8789:Telecommunication portal
7127:10.1080/17475759.2010.526319
6992:10.1016/j.amepre.2008.05.001
6729:International Herald Tribune
6150:Psicología Educativa (Spain)
5928:International Business Times
5450:10.1007/978-3-642-16355-5_45
5348:Applied Cognitive Psychology
5211:Applied Cognitive Psychology
5134:10.1371/journal.pone.0133281
4791:10.1080/17482798.2014.931290
3811:Mobile Marketing Association
2986:"Geolocation with the ATM18"
1831:
1727:A recruitment ban in French
1263:, "you are". Example: dv6 =
771:Mobile Marketing Association
709:value added service provider
655:radiology information system
118:Multimedia Messaging Service
7:
9391:Alexander Stepanovich Popov
7393:Biggs, John (1 July 2008).
6876:10.1136/openhrt-2019-001017
5874:. Fox 13 News. 15 June 2012
5680:Archives of Sexual Behavior
3939:. Rte.ie. 26 September 2006
2983:Grégory Ester (June 2011).
2147:
1867:Typing awareness indicators
1746:Andrés Manuel López Obrador
1658:in Sydney resulting in the
1538:
143:
122:Rich Communication Services
10:
9961:
9095:Telecommunications history
8711:Phantom vibration syndrome
8706:Mental health from overuse
7289:"Accident Claim Text Scam"
5601:From the Mind of GrandDiva
5313:Journal of Safety Research
4031:"The Rise of Apps Culture"
3862:"How to Send a Group Text"
3336:"Social Media Update 2016"
2862:Snowden, Collette (2006).
2175:Enhanced Messaging Service
1895:
1808:
1700:
1542:
1505:Excessive citations inline
1454:
1450:
1359:
1069:
853:subscriber to the UK, and
804:smartphones in the 2000s.
592:
478:An SMS text message on an
267:
263:
32:
25:
18:
9862:
9804:
9741:
9703:Public Switched Telephone
9663:
9627:
9584:
9525:
9515:telecommunication circuit
9476:Fiber-optic communication
9459:
9221:Francis Blake (telephone)
9168:
9016:Optical telecommunication
8860:
8777:
8729:
8676:
8606:
8515:
8458:
8425:
8412:
8390:Open-source mobile phones
8351:
8303:
8253:
8242:
8141:
8060:
7968:
7954:
6566:The Sydney Morning Herald
6525:The Sydney Morning Herald
5692:10.1007/s10508-012-9969-8
5325:10.1016/j.jsr.2011.01.004
5280:10.1016/j.aap.2011.07.011
5183:10.1016/j.aap.2007.04.005
4628:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
4453:Vodafone history timeline
4263:10.1007/s12130-008-9045-9
3587:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
3527:10.1176/appi.ps.201100211
3165:HULIQ (24 January 2008).
3145:Philippine Daily Inquirer
2926:"GSM World press release"
2580:Telecommunication Journal
902:Prime Minister of Finland
845:between countries. Here,
832:
9614:Orbital angular-momentum
9051:Satellite communications
8890:Communications satellite
7154:The Emily Post Institute
6921:Journal of Public Health
6345:10.1177/1461444813516832
6130:10.1016/j.dr.2014.12.005
5036:"Rentrak executive bios"
4946:10.1348/026151008X320507
4861:10.1177/0093650210362465
4826:10.1177/1461444811412711
4416:National Business Review
4196:Journal of Communication
4158:10.1177/0265407505056492
3435:9-1-1Colorado Foundation
2690:Hillebrand, ed. (2010).
2320:10.1177/1461444812442927
2277:10.1177/0093650210362465
1839:The Emily Post Institute
1817:repetitive strain injury
1795:type 1 diabetes mellitus
1703:Political text messaging
992:
956:
101:or may also be sent via
9493:Molecular communication
9316:Gardiner Greene Hubbard
9145:Undersea telegraph line
8880:Cable protection system
8754:Photography and the law
8749:Mobile phones in prison
7908:sportsbusinessdaily.com
7641:"Fastest Text Messager"
7452:Crystal, David (2008).
6486:Goggin, Gerard (2006).
6333:New Media & Society
6232:The Wall Street Journal
6179:Histories of the Future
5526:10.1145/2162081.2162089
5493:10.1145/2677972.2677973
5391:10.1145/2470654.2466463
4814:New Media & Society
4729:Crystal, David (2008).
3141:technology.inquirer.net
2308:New Media & Society
2035:Records and competition
1891:
1611:agencies is the use of
1510:considered for deletion
876:Eurovision Song Contest
861:UK customer to Belgium.
775:Mobile Banking Overview
767:Service Level Agreement
705:mobile network operator
458:
419:of networks, including
340:Signalling System No. 7
9635:Communication protocol
9421:Charles Sumner Tainter
9236:Walter Houser Brattain
9181:Edwin Howard Armstrong
8989:Information revolution
6099:. New York: Routledge
4849:Communication Research
4006:"Wireless Quick Facts"
3786:Mobile Industry Review
2576:"Fifty years of telex"
2265:Communication Research
1955:Increasing competition
1876:
1789:
1736:
1720:
1527:
1371:
1165:and later in Internet
1163:bulletin board systems
1081:
862:
486:
471:
67:
59:
9925:2000s fads and trends
9609:Polarization-division
9341:Narinder Singh Kapany
9306:Erna Schneider Hoover
9226:Jagadish Chandra Bose
9206:Alexander Graham Bell
8937:online video platform
8801:Telephones portal
8764:Texting while driving
8701:External power supply
8400:Windows Phone devices
6944:10536/DRO/DU:30109150
6934:10.1093/pubmed/fdv009
6163:10.5093/ed2011v17n2a4
5653:"Sex and Tech Survey"
4907:University of Calgary
4500:on 24 November 2009.
2521:Bt Technology Journal
2241:10.33200/ijcer.534692
2199:scribal abbreviations
1949:Sherman Antitrust Act
1896:Further information:
1874:
1787:
1726:
1710:
1525:
1408:Texting while walking
1369:
1362:Texting while driving
1356:Texting while driving
1259:, "six", is used for
1185:). The sequence 748 (
1079:
1056:participatory culture
840:
765:in introducing SLAs (
477:
466:
336:Short Message Service
167:direct text marketing
114:Short Message Service
65:
46:A text message using
45:
9451:Vladimir K. Zworykin
9411:Almon Brown Strowger
9381:Charles Grafton Page
9036:Prepaid mobile phone
8964:Electrical telegraph
8716:Radiation and health
8032:Standards comparison
7193:on 23 December 2010.
6118:Developmental Review
5563:on 22 September 2009
4972:Liberty Mutual Group
4573:on 27 September 2011
4441:Vodafone New Zealand
4131:. 10 September 2008.
3515:Psychiatric Services
2936:on 15 February 2002.
2564:– via CONISAR.
2549:: 10. Archived from
1465:The Sunday Telegraph
1157:or to save space in
941:service. Moreover, "
773:(MMA) published the
743:payment card company
312:Friedhelm Hillebrand
289:In 1933, the German
282:was developed using
276:electrical telegraph
217:improve this section
9401:Johann Philipp Reis
9160:Wireless revolution
9122:The Telephone Cases
8979:Hydraulic telegraph
7910:(21 November 2011).
7706:on 28 December 2010
7570:on 14 December 2002
7455:txting; the gr8 db8
7216:on 20 November 2010
6736:on 8 September 2006
6643:on 17 February 2008
6528:. 11 December 2005.
5990:on 1 February 2009.
5125:2015PLoSO..1033281L
4978:on 19 November 2008
4913:on 20 February 2012
4472:on 10 January 2015.
4437:Company information
3820:on 5 February 2009.
3665:on 8 December 2014.
3020:on 6 September 2013
2814:on 19 November 2008
2715:ITU-T, ed. (1993).
2598:Deutsche Reichspost
2133:, stored maps, and
2068:LG Mobile World Cup
1660:2005 Cronulla riots
1346:academic literature
1273:à un de ces quatres
1242:Ethiopian languages
934:Pew Research Center
820:Online SMS services
634:satellite messaging
573:Telegram (software)
320:Bernard Ghillebaert
280:wireless telegraphy
9599:Frequency-division
9576:Telephone exchange
9446:Charles Wheatstone
9376:Jun-ichi Nishizawa
9351:Innocenzo Manzetti
9286:Reginald Fessenden
9021:Optical telegraphy
8854:Telecommunications
7732:The New York Times
7426:The Daily Universe
7320:The New York Times
7161:on 26 January 2008
7085:. 24 December 2007
6548:. 9 December 2005.
6309:on 5 January 2014.
5804:University of Utah
5603:. 13 February 2007
5557:MySecureCyberspace
5459:20.500.11937/14536
5063:Gait & Posture
5021:The New York Times
4897:Lee, Joan Hwechong
4732:Txtng: the gr8 db8
4683:. 13 November 2006
4326:The New York Times
4236:The New York Times
3613:on 4 February 2016
2842:The New York Times
2783:The Times of India
2462:The New York Times
2363:10.1111/bjdp.12049
2185:Operator messaging
2129:. With the use of
2030:In popular culture
1996:provider based on
1877:
1790:
1737:
1721:
1719:in the coming days
1560:'s messaging app,
1528:
1494:University of Utah
1372:
1319:Research by Rosen
1247:Txtng: the Gr8 Db8
1082:
1066:Effect on language
1040:Sub-Saharan Africa
863:
787:Machine-to-Machine
612:Emergency services
557:Facebook Messenger
487:
472:
380:Newbury, Berkshire
68:
60:
9912:
9911:
9650:Store and forward
9645:Data transmission
9559:Network switching
9510:Transmission line
9356:Guglielmo Marconi
9321:Internet pioneers
9186:Mohamed M. Atalla
9155:Whistled language
8820:
8819:
8759:Telephone tapping
8602:
8601:
8550:Instant messaging
8408:
8407:
8137:
8136:
7873:, 12 March 2005,
7789:timesonline.co.uk
7543:SellCell.com Blog
7469:978-0-19-954490-5
7248:978-1-317-40361-6
6827:10.2337/dc15-0505
6722:(29 March 2009).
6435:on 9 January 2014
6095:Goggin, G (2006)
5727:Salt Lake Tribune
5469:978-3-642-16354-8
4742:978-0-19-162340-0
4547:on 12 August 2011
4087:on 25 March 2010.
4018:on 20 April 2010.
3788:. 29 April 2008.
2904:The Baltimore Sun
2883:978-0-8204-7919-4
2808:Airwide Solutions
2806:(Press release).
2701:978-0-470-68865-6
2658:. 3 December 2012
2614:"The competition"
2556:on 11 August 2021
2412:
2393:
2340:
2297:
2254:
2154:Instant messaging
2062:In January 2010,
1992:companies use an
1987:Security concerns
1936:AT&T Mobility
1924:consumer watchdog
1898:Mobile phone spam
1860:knowledge workers
1780:Use in healthcare
1342:literature review
910:Viimeiset viestit
739:instant messaging
565:Signal (software)
549:Spark New Zealand
508:one-time password
394:(PCS) – what the
368:Airwide Solutions
253:
252:
245:
138:instant messaging
9952:
9902:
9901:
9892:
9891:
9882:
9881:
9872:
9871:
9870:
9743:Notable networks
9733:Wireless network
9673:Cellular network
9665:Types of network
9640:Computer network
9527:Network topology
9441:Thomas A. Watson
9296:Oliver Heaviside
9281:Philo Farnsworth
9256:Daniel Davis Jr.
9231:Charles Bourseul
9191:John Logie Baird
8900:Data compression
8895:Computer network
8847:
8840:
8833:
8824:
8823:
8809:
8808:
8799:
8798:
8797:
8787:
8786:
8785:
8696:Electronic waste
8686:BlackBerry thumb
8636:Japanese culture
8423:
8422:
8383:iOS jailbreaking
8251:
8250:
8173:Operating system
7988:Network operator
7973:Channel capacity
7966:
7965:
7941:
7934:
7927:
7918:
7917:
7911:
7901:
7895:
7884:
7878:
7868:
7862:
7861:
7854:O'Reilly Network
7842:
7836:
7826:
7820:
7819:
7817:
7815:
7803:
7797:
7796:
7795:. 16 April 2005.
7793:The Times Online
7781:
7775:
7774:
7772:
7770:
7751:
7745:
7744:
7742:
7740:
7722:
7716:
7715:
7713:
7711:
7692:
7686:
7685:
7683:
7681:
7662:
7656:
7655:
7653:
7651:
7637:
7631:
7630:
7628:
7626:
7611:
7605:
7604:
7602:
7600:
7589:
7580:
7579:
7577:
7575:
7560:
7554:
7553:
7551:
7549:
7534:
7528:
7522:
7516:
7515:
7513:
7511:
7499:
7493:
7492:
7480:
7474:
7473:
7449:
7443:
7442:
7440:
7438:
7433:on 28 March 2010
7429:. Archived from
7416:
7410:
7409:
7407:
7405:
7390:
7381:
7380:
7378:
7376:
7361:
7355:
7354:
7352:
7350:
7331:
7325:
7324:
7311:
7305:
7304:
7302:
7300:
7285:
7279:
7278:
7276:
7274:
7259:
7253:
7252:
7232:
7226:
7225:
7223:
7221:
7212:. Archived from
7201:
7195:
7194:
7189:. Archived from
7177:
7171:
7170:
7168:
7166:
7157:. Archived from
7149:"Text Messaging"
7145:
7139:
7138:
7104:
7095:
7094:
7092:
7090:
7073:
7067:
7066:
7064:
7062:
7048:
7042:
7041:
7039:
7037:
7020:
7014:
7013:
7003:
6971:
6965:
6964:
6946:
6936:
6912:
6906:
6905:
6895:
6854:
6848:
6847:
6829:
6820:(8): e112–e113.
6805:
6799:
6798:
6796:
6794:
6783:
6777:
6776:
6774:
6772:
6757:
6746:
6745:
6743:
6741:
6732:. Archived from
6716:
6710:
6709:
6707:
6705:
6690:
6684:
6683:
6681:
6679:
6659:
6653:
6652:
6650:
6648:
6633:
6627:
6626:
6624:
6622:
6605:
6599:
6598:
6596:
6594:
6577:
6571:
6570:
6556:
6550:
6549:
6536:
6530:
6529:
6516:
6510:
6509:
6507:
6505:10.5204/mcj.2582
6483:
6477:
6476:
6465:
6459:
6458:
6451:
6445:
6444:
6442:
6440:
6424:
6418:
6415:
6409:
6408:
6406:
6404:
6399:on 22 March 2012
6389:
6383:
6380:
6374:
6371:
6365:
6364:
6324:
6311:
6310:
6308:
6293:
6284:
6278:
6277:
6275:
6273:
6258:
6252:
6251:
6249:
6247:
6222:
6216:
6215:
6213:
6211:
6196:
6190:
6174:
6168:
6167:
6165:
6141:
6135:
6133:
6113:
6107:
6093:
6087:
6086:
6084:
6082:
6067:
6061:
6060:
6042:
6036:
6035:
6030:. Archived from
6024:
6018:
6017:
6015:
6013:
6008:on 23 March 2012
5998:
5992:
5991:
5984:The Plain Dealer
5976:
5970:
5969:
5967:
5965:
5956:. Archived from
5946:
5940:
5939:
5937:
5935:
5920:
5914:
5913:
5911:
5909:
5900:. Archived from
5890:
5884:
5883:
5881:
5879:
5868:
5862:
5861:
5859:
5857:
5852:on 25 April 2013
5841:
5835:
5834:
5832:
5830:
5825:on 14 April 2013
5815:
5809:
5808:
5795:
5789:
5788:
5786:
5784:
5770:
5764:
5763:
5761:
5759:
5744:
5738:
5737:
5735:
5733:
5718:
5712:
5711:
5675:
5669:
5668:
5666:
5664:
5659:on 26 March 2012
5649:
5643:
5642:
5640:
5638:
5629:. Archived from
5619:
5613:
5612:
5610:
5608:
5593:
5587:
5586:
5579:
5573:
5572:
5570:
5568:
5559:. Archived from
5549:
5540:
5539:
5513:
5507:
5506:
5480:
5474:
5473:
5461:
5437:
5431:
5430:
5428:
5426:
5411:
5405:
5404:
5378:
5372:
5371:
5360:10.1002/acp.1638
5343:
5337:
5336:
5308:
5302:
5301:
5291:
5259:
5253:
5252:
5236:
5227:
5226:
5223:10.1002/acp.2846
5206:
5195:
5194:
5166:
5157:
5156:
5146:
5136:
5102:
5087:
5086:
5058:
5043:
5042:
5040:
5032:
5026:
5025:
5012:
5006:
5005:
4994:
4988:
4987:
4985:
4983:
4964:
4958:
4957:
4940:(Pt 1): 145–61.
4929:
4923:
4922:
4920:
4918:
4909:. Archived from
4893:
4887:
4886:
4880:
4872:
4844:
4838:
4837:
4809:
4803:
4802:
4774:
4768:
4765:
4759:
4753:
4747:
4746:
4726:
4720:
4719:
4717:
4715:
4699:
4693:
4692:
4690:
4688:
4673:
4667:
4666:
4664:
4662:
4657:on 11 March 2014
4653:. Archived from
4640:
4634:
4633:
4627:
4619:
4617:
4615:
4604:
4598:
4597:
4589:
4583:
4582:
4580:
4578:
4563:
4557:
4556:
4554:
4552:
4537:
4531:
4530:
4528:
4526:
4511:
4505:
4504:
4480:
4474:
4473:
4468:. Archived from
4462:
4456:
4450:
4444:
4434:
4428:
4427:
4425:
4423:
4406:
4400:
4399:
4397:
4395:
4386:. Archived from
4376:
4367:
4366:
4364:
4362:
4357:. 23 August 2010
4347:
4338:
4337:
4335:
4333:
4317:
4311:
4300:
4285:
4284:
4274:
4246:
4240:
4239:
4227:
4221:
4220:
4190:
4184:
4183:
4177:
4169:
4139:
4133:
4132:
4119:
4113:
4112:
4107:. Archived from
4104:Verizon Wireless
4095:
4089:
4088:
4083:. Archived from
4077:
4071:
4070:
4068:
4066:
4052:
4046:
4045:
4043:
4041:
4026:
4020:
4019:
4014:. Archived from
4002:
3996:
3995:
3993:
3991:
3981:
3975:
3974:
3972:
3970:
3955:
3949:
3948:
3946:
3944:
3933:
3927:
3926:
3924:
3922:
3908:
3902:
3901:
3899:
3897:
3883:
3877:
3876:
3874:
3872:
3858:
3849:
3848:
3846:
3844:
3829:
3823:
3821:
3819:
3808:
3800:
3794:
3793:
3778:
3772:
3771:
3769:
3767:
3753:
3747:
3746:
3744:
3742:
3737:on 20 March 2012
3727:
3721:
3720:
3713:
3707:
3706:
3699:
3693:
3692:
3690:
3688:
3673:
3667:
3666:
3661:. Archived from
3655:
3649:
3648:
3636:
3623:
3622:
3620:
3618:
3609:. Archived from
3599:
3593:
3592:
3586:
3578:
3576:
3574:
3559:
3553:
3552:
3546:
3538:
3506:
3500:
3499:
3497:
3495:
3478:
3472:
3471:
3469:
3467:
3462:. 5 January 2023
3452:
3446:
3445:
3443:
3441:
3427:
3421:
3420:
3418:
3416:
3405:
3399:
3398:
3396:
3394:
3383:
3377:
3376:
3374:
3372:
3357:
3351:
3350:
3348:
3346:
3331:
3325:
3324:
3322:
3320:
3306:
3300:
3299:
3297:
3295:
3281:
3275:
3274:
3272:
3270:
3265:on 24 April 2013
3261:. Archived from
3250:
3244:
3243:
3241:
3239:
3233:
3227:. Archived from
3222:
3213:
3207:
3206:
3199:
3193:
3192:
3189:"Send text free"
3185:
3179:
3178:
3176:
3174:
3162:
3153:
3152:
3133:
3127:
3126:
3125:on 5 April 2004.
3121:. Archived from
3111:
3105:
3104:
3102:
3100:
3088:
3082:
3081:
3080:on 6 March 2012.
3076:. Archived from
3066:
3060:
3059:
3057:
3055:
3050:on 30 March 2012
3046:. Archived from
3036:
3030:
3029:
3027:
3025:
3010:
3004:
3003:
3001:
2999:
2988:
2980:
2974:
2973:
2971:
2969:
2958:
2952:
2951:
2944:
2938:
2937:
2922:
2916:
2915:
2913:
2911:
2894:
2888:
2887:
2859:
2853:
2852:
2850:
2848:
2833:
2827:
2826:
2821:
2819:
2800:
2794:
2793:
2791:
2789:
2774:
2768:
2767:
2765:
2763:
2748:
2742:
2741:
2727:
2721:
2720:
2712:
2706:
2705:
2687:
2681:
2678:
2672:
2671:
2665:
2663:
2648:
2642:
2641:
2636:
2634:
2609:
2603:
2602:
2593:
2591:
2572:
2566:
2565:
2563:
2561:
2555:
2540:
2531:
2525:
2524:
2512:
2506:
2505:
2503:
2501:
2487:
2481:
2480:
2478:
2476:
2453:
2447:
2446:
2444:
2442:
2427:
2411:
2396:
2392:
2382:
2343:
2339:
2314:(8): 1304–1320.
2300:
2296:
2257:
2253:
2243:
2220:
2180:Mobile dial code
2159:Personal message
1930:Pricing concerns
1910:Consumer Reports
1811:BlackBerry thumb
1805:Medical concerns
1513:
1340:also presents a
1295:
1175:Mandarin Chinese
532:Kwame Kilpatrick
316:Deutsche Telekom
248:
241:
237:
234:
228:
197:
189:
99:cellular network
83:tablet computers
28:Texter (surname)
9960:
9959:
9955:
9954:
9953:
9951:
9950:
9949:
9915:
9914:
9913:
9908:
9868:
9866:
9858:
9800:
9737:
9659:
9623:
9580:
9529:
9521:
9462:
9455:
9361:Robert Metcalfe
9216:Tim Berners-Lee
9164:
8984:Information Age
8856:
8851:
8821:
8816:
8795:
8793:
8783:
8781:
8773:
8725:
8678:
8672:
8598:
8511:
8454:
8450:Cloud computing
8416:
8414:
8404:
8395:Symbian devices
8361:Android devices
8347:
8299:
8290:Satellite phone
8285:Projector phone
8245:
8238:
8143:
8133:
8056:
7961:
7957:
7950:
7945:
7915:
7914:
7902:
7898:
7885:
7881:
7869:
7865:
7860:on 3 July 2005.
7844:
7843:
7839:
7831:, 1 June 2005,
7827:
7823:
7813:
7811:
7804:
7800:
7783:
7782:
7778:
7768:
7766:
7765:on 25 July 2011
7753:
7752:
7748:
7738:
7736:
7723:
7719:
7709:
7707:
7694:
7693:
7689:
7679:
7677:
7676:on 1 March 2013
7664:
7663:
7659:
7649:
7647:
7639:
7638:
7634:
7624:
7622:
7621:. 22 March 2005
7613:
7612:
7608:
7598:
7596:
7591:
7590:
7583:
7573:
7571:
7562:
7561:
7557:
7547:
7545:
7535:
7531:
7523:
7519:
7509:
7507:
7500:
7496:
7481:
7477:
7470:
7450:
7446:
7436:
7434:
7417:
7413:
7403:
7401:
7391:
7384:
7374:
7372:
7371:. 28 March 2012
7363:
7362:
7358:
7348:
7346:
7345:on 18 July 2007
7333:
7332:
7328:
7323:. 21 July 2005.
7313:
7312:
7308:
7298:
7296:
7287:
7286:
7282:
7272:
7270:
7260:
7256:
7249:
7233:
7229:
7219:
7217:
7210:InformationWeek
7202:
7198:
7179:
7178:
7174:
7164:
7162:
7147:
7146:
7142:
7105:
7098:
7088:
7086:
7075:
7074:
7070:
7060:
7058:
7050:
7049:
7045:
7035:
7033:
7030:InformationWeek
7021:
7017:
6972:
6968:
6913:
6909:
6855:
6851:
6806:
6802:
6792:
6790:
6785:
6784:
6780:
6770:
6768:
6767:. 1 August 2006
6759:
6758:
6749:
6739:
6737:
6720:Nagourney, Adam
6717:
6713:
6703:
6701:
6691:
6687:
6677:
6675:
6674:on 3 April 2014
6668:Washington Post
6660:
6656:
6646:
6644:
6635:
6634:
6630:
6620:
6618:
6606:
6602:
6592:
6590:
6578:
6574:
6557:
6553:
6538:
6537:
6533:
6518:
6517:
6513:
6484:
6480:
6467:
6466:
6462:
6453:
6452:
6448:
6438:
6436:
6425:
6421:
6416:
6412:
6402:
6400:
6391:
6390:
6386:
6381:
6377:
6372:
6368:
6325:
6314:
6306:
6291:
6285:
6281:
6271:
6269:
6259:
6255:
6245:
6243:
6223:
6219:
6209:
6207:
6199:Molina, Brett.
6197:
6193:
6175:
6171:
6142:
6138:
6114:
6110:
6094:
6090:
6080:
6078:
6077:. 15 April 2005
6069:
6068:
6064:
6057:
6043:
6039:
6034:on 5 July 2009.
6026:
6025:
6021:
6011:
6009:
6000:
5999:
5995:
5978:
5977:
5973:
5963:
5961:
5960:on 6 March 2014
5954:Hindustan Times
5948:
5947:
5943:
5933:
5931:
5922:
5921:
5917:
5907:
5905:
5904:on 15 June 2012
5892:
5891:
5887:
5877:
5875:
5870:
5869:
5865:
5855:
5853:
5842:
5838:
5828:
5826:
5817:
5816:
5812:
5807:. 14 June 2012.
5797:
5796:
5792:
5782:
5780:
5772:
5771:
5767:
5757:
5755:
5745:
5741:
5731:
5729:
5721:Maffly, Brian.
5719:
5715:
5676:
5672:
5662:
5660:
5651:
5650:
5646:
5636:
5634:
5621:
5620:
5616:
5606:
5604:
5595:
5594:
5590:
5580:
5576:
5566:
5564:
5551:
5550:
5543:
5536:
5514:
5510:
5503:
5481:
5477:
5470:
5438:
5434:
5424:
5422:
5421:. 17 March 2014
5413:
5412:
5408:
5401:
5379:
5375:
5344:
5340:
5309:
5305:
5260:
5256:
5237:
5230:
5207:
5198:
5167:
5160:
5119:(7): e0133281.
5103:
5090:
5059:
5046:
5038:
5034:
5033:
5029:
5024:. 27 July 2009.
5014:
5013:
5009:
5004:. 25 June 2009.
4996:
4995:
4991:
4981:
4979:
4966:
4965:
4961:
4930:
4926:
4916:
4914:
4894:
4890:
4874:
4873:
4845:
4841:
4810:
4806:
4775:
4771:
4766:
4762:
4754:
4750:
4743:
4727:
4723:
4713:
4711:
4700:
4696:
4686:
4684:
4675:
4674:
4670:
4660:
4658:
4643:Boswell, Sean.
4641:
4637:
4621:
4620:
4613:
4611:
4606:
4605:
4601:
4590:
4586:
4576:
4574:
4565:
4564:
4560:
4550:
4548:
4539:
4538:
4534:
4524:
4522:
4521:on 2 April 2012
4513:
4512:
4508:
4482:
4481:
4477:
4464:
4463:
4459:
4451:
4447:
4435:
4431:
4421:
4419:
4407:
4403:
4393:
4391:
4390:on 23 July 2011
4378:
4377:
4370:
4360:
4358:
4349:
4348:
4341:
4331:
4329:
4319:
4318:
4314:
4301:
4288:
4247:
4243:
4228:
4224:
4191:
4187:
4171:
4170:
4140:
4136:
4121:
4120:
4116:
4111:on 19 May 2010.
4097:
4096:
4092:
4079:
4078:
4074:
4064:
4062:
4054:
4053:
4049:
4039:
4037:
4027:
4023:
4004:
4003:
3999:
3989:
3987:
3983:
3982:
3978:
3968:
3966:
3965:on 2 April 2012
3957:
3956:
3952:
3942:
3940:
3935:
3934:
3930:
3920:
3918:
3910:
3909:
3905:
3895:
3893:
3885:
3884:
3880:
3870:
3868:
3860:
3859:
3852:
3842:
3840:
3831:
3830:
3826:
3817:
3806:
3802:
3801:
3797:
3780:
3779:
3775:
3765:
3763:
3755:
3754:
3750:
3740:
3738:
3729:
3728:
3724:
3715:
3714:
3710:
3701:
3700:
3696:
3686:
3684:
3674:
3670:
3657:
3656:
3652:
3637:
3626:
3616:
3614:
3601:
3600:
3596:
3580:
3579:
3572:
3570:
3561:
3560:
3556:
3540:
3539:
3507:
3503:
3493:
3491:
3488:The Independent
3479:
3475:
3465:
3463:
3454:
3453:
3449:
3439:
3437:
3429:
3428:
3424:
3414:
3412:
3407:
3406:
3402:
3392:
3390:
3385:
3384:
3380:
3370:
3368:
3359:
3358:
3354:
3344:
3342:
3332:
3328:
3318:
3316:
3314:insights.fb.com
3308:
3307:
3303:
3293:
3291:
3283:
3282:
3278:
3268:
3266:
3251:
3247:
3237:
3235:
3231:
3220:
3214:
3210:
3201:
3200:
3196:
3187:
3186:
3182:
3172:
3170:
3163:
3156:
3151:on 10 May 2011.
3135:
3134:
3130:
3113:
3112:
3108:
3098:
3096:
3089:
3085:
3068:
3067:
3063:
3053:
3051:
3038:
3037:
3033:
3023:
3021:
3012:
3011:
3007:
2997:
2995:
2981:
2977:
2967:
2965:
2960:
2959:
2955:
2946:
2945:
2941:
2924:
2923:
2919:
2909:
2907:
2895:
2891:
2884:
2860:
2856:
2846:
2844:
2834:
2830:
2817:
2815:
2802:
2801:
2797:
2787:
2785:
2775:
2771:
2761:
2759:
2749:
2745:
2728:
2724:
2713:
2709:
2702:
2688:
2684:
2679:
2675:
2661:
2659:
2650:
2649:
2645:
2632:
2630:
2610:
2606:
2589:
2587:
2574:
2573:
2569:
2559:
2557:
2553:
2538:
2532:
2528:
2513:
2509:
2499:
2497:
2489:
2488:
2484:
2474:
2472:
2454:
2450:
2440:
2438:
2437:. 23 April 2004
2429:
2428:
2424:
2419:
2217:
2215:Further reading
2150:
2116:
2107:
2099:
2082:
2037:
2032:
1989:
1957:
1932:
1900:
1894:
1889:
1869:
1841:, the topic of
1834:
1813:
1807:
1782:
1774:esprit de corps
1742:Felipe Calderón
1705:
1699:
1664:Daily Telegraph
1652:
1609:law enforcement
1605:
1578:
1547:
1541:
1520:
1498:
1483:Adrienne Bailon
1479:Vanessa Hudgens
1459:
1453:
1410:
1364:
1358:
1337:Generation Text
1331:in her thesis,
1301:popular culture
1244:. In his book,
1197:Predictive text
1074:
1068:
1051:
1042:
1021:
1004:
995:
986:social networks
959:
926:
835:
830:
822:
810:
734:
700:
698:Premium content
680:
668:
663:
661:Commercial uses
642:
627:Emergency Alert
614:
597:
591:
586:
504:confidentiality
461:
372:Merry Christmas
366:in the UK (now
272:
266:
249:
238:
232:
229:
214:
198:
187:
146:
38:
31:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
9958:
9948:
9947:
9945:Text messaging
9942:
9937:
9932:
9927:
9910:
9909:
9907:
9906:
9896:
9886:
9876:
9863:
9860:
9859:
9857:
9856:
9849:
9844:
9839:
9834:
9829:
9828:
9827:
9822:
9814:
9808:
9806:
9802:
9801:
9799:
9798:
9793:
9788:
9783:
9778:
9773:
9768:
9763:
9758:
9753:
9747:
9745:
9739:
9738:
9736:
9735:
9730:
9725:
9720:
9715:
9710:
9705:
9700:
9695:
9690:
9685:
9680:
9675:
9669:
9667:
9661:
9660:
9658:
9657:
9652:
9647:
9642:
9637:
9631:
9629:
9625:
9624:
9622:
9621:
9616:
9611:
9606:
9601:
9596:
9594:Space-division
9590:
9588:
9582:
9581:
9579:
9578:
9573:
9572:
9571:
9566:
9556:
9555:
9554:
9544:
9539:
9533:
9531:
9523:
9522:
9520:
9519:
9518:
9517:
9507:
9506:
9505:
9495:
9490:
9485:
9484:
9483:
9473:
9467:
9465:
9457:
9456:
9454:
9453:
9448:
9443:
9438:
9433:
9431:Camille Tissot
9428:
9423:
9418:
9413:
9408:
9406:Claude Shannon
9403:
9398:
9396:Tivadar Puskás
9393:
9388:
9383:
9378:
9373:
9368:
9366:Antonio Meucci
9363:
9358:
9353:
9348:
9343:
9338:
9336:Charles K. Kao
9333:
9328:
9323:
9318:
9313:
9311:Harold Hopkins
9308:
9303:
9298:
9293:
9288:
9283:
9278:
9273:
9268:
9263:
9258:
9253:
9248:
9243:
9238:
9233:
9228:
9223:
9218:
9213:
9211:Emile Berliner
9208:
9203:
9198:
9193:
9188:
9183:
9178:
9172:
9170:
9166:
9165:
9163:
9162:
9157:
9152:
9150:Videotelephony
9147:
9142:
9141:
9140:
9135:
9125:
9118:
9113:
9107:
9102:
9097:
9092:
9087:
9086:
9085:
9080:
9075:
9065:
9064:
9063:
9053:
9048:
9046:Radiotelephone
9043:
9038:
9033:
9028:
9023:
9018:
9013:
9012:
9011:
9001:
8996:
8991:
8986:
8981:
8976:
8971:
8966:
8961:
8956:
8951:
8950:
8949:
8944:
8939:
8934:
8932:Internet video
8924:
8923:
8922:
8917:
8912:
8907:
8897:
8892:
8887:
8882:
8877:
8872:
8866:
8864:
8858:
8857:
8850:
8849:
8842:
8835:
8827:
8818:
8817:
8815:
8814:
8803:
8791:
8778:
8775:
8774:
8772:
8771:
8766:
8761:
8756:
8751:
8746:
8741:
8735:
8733:
8727:
8726:
8724:
8723:
8718:
8713:
8708:
8703:
8698:
8693:
8691:Driving safety
8688:
8682:
8680:
8674:
8673:
8671:
8670:
8665:
8660:
8655:
8654:
8653:
8643:
8638:
8633:
8628:
8623:
8618:
8612:
8610:
8604:
8603:
8600:
8599:
8597:
8596:
8591:
8590:
8589:
8579:
8578:
8577:
8567:
8562:
8557:
8552:
8547:
8542:
8537:
8532:
8527:
8521:
8519:
8513:
8512:
8510:
8509:
8504:
8503:
8502:
8497:
8487:
8486:
8485:
8480:
8470:
8464:
8462:
8456:
8455:
8453:
8452:
8447:
8442:
8437:
8431:
8429:
8420:
8410:
8409:
8406:
8405:
8403:
8402:
8397:
8392:
8387:
8386:
8385:
8375:
8370:
8369:
8368:
8357:
8355:
8349:
8348:
8346:
8345:
8340:
8335:
8330:
8325:
8320:
8315:
8309:
8307:
8301:
8300:
8298:
8297:
8292:
8287:
8282:
8277:
8272:
8267:
8262:
8254:
8248:
8240:
8239:
8237:
8236:
8231:
8226:
8221:
8220:
8219:
8214:
8209:
8202:Text messaging
8199:
8198:
8197:
8187:
8186:
8185:
8175:
8170:
8165:
8164:
8163:
8153:
8147:
8145:
8139:
8138:
8135:
8134:
8132:
8131:
8126:
8121:
8116:
8111:
8106:
8105:
8104:
8094:
8089:
8083:
8078:
8073:
8066:
8064:
8058:
8057:
8055:
8054:
8049:
8044:
8039:
8034:
8029:
8028:
8027:
8022:
8017:
8007:
8002:
7997:
7996:
7995:
7985:
7980:
7975:
7969:
7963:
7952:
7951:
7944:
7943:
7936:
7929:
7921:
7913:
7912:
7896:
7879:
7863:
7850:oreillynet.com
7837:
7821:
7798:
7776:
7746:
7717:
7687:
7657:
7632:
7606:
7581:
7555:
7529:
7517:
7494:
7475:
7468:
7444:
7411:
7382:
7356:
7326:
7306:
7280:
7254:
7247:
7227:
7196:
7172:
7140:
7121:(2): 123–147.
7096:
7082:Brisbane Times
7068:
7043:
7015:
6966:
6927:(1): 163–169.
6907:
6870:(2): e001017.
6849:
6800:
6778:
6747:
6711:
6685:
6654:
6628:
6600:
6572:
6551:
6531:
6511:
6478:
6460:
6446:
6419:
6410:
6384:
6375:
6366:
6339:(5): 792–809.
6312:
6279:
6253:
6217:
6191:
6169:
6136:
6108:
6088:
6062:
6055:
6037:
6019:
5993:
5971:
5941:
5930:. 16 June 2012
5915:
5898:Times of India
5885:
5863:
5836:
5810:
5790:
5765:
5739:
5713:
5670:
5644:
5633:on 6 July 2009
5614:
5588:
5574:
5541:
5534:
5508:
5501:
5475:
5468:
5432:
5406:
5399:
5373:
5354:(5): 597–607.
5338:
5319:(2): 101–107.
5303:
5254:
5228:
5217:(4): 644–648.
5196:
5158:
5088:
5044:
5027:
5007:
4989:
4959:
4924:
4888:
4855:(3): 420–440.
4839:
4820:(2): 281–298.
4804:
4785:(4): 423–439.
4769:
4760:
4756:The New Yorker
4748:
4741:
4721:
4694:
4668:
4635:
4599:
4584:
4558:
4532:
4506:
4475:
4457:
4445:
4429:
4401:
4368:
4339:
4312:
4286:
4241:
4222:
4203:(2): 346–365.
4185:
4152:(5): 691–713.
4134:
4114:
4090:
4072:
4047:
4021:
3997:
3976:
3950:
3928:
3916:www.forbes.com
3903:
3878:
3850:
3824:
3795:
3773:
3748:
3722:
3708:
3694:
3668:
3650:
3624:
3594:
3554:
3501:
3473:
3447:
3422:
3411:. Go4awalk.com
3400:
3378:
3352:
3326:
3301:
3276:
3245:
3234:on 12 May 2013
3208:
3194:
3180:
3154:
3128:
3106:
3091:NGAK, CHENDA.
3083:
3061:
3044:Ozeki SMS wiki
3031:
3014:"SMS types on"
3005:
2975:
2953:
2939:
2917:
2889:
2882:
2854:
2828:
2795:
2769:
2743:
2722:
2707:
2700:
2682:
2673:
2643:
2604:
2567:
2526:
2507:
2482:
2448:
2421:
2420:
2418:
2415:
2414:
2413:
2394:
2357:(4): 415–429.
2341:
2298:
2271:(3): 420–440.
2255:
2216:
2213:
2212:
2211:
2206:
2195:Tironian notes
2192:
2187:
2182:
2177:
2172:
2167:
2165:Messaging apps
2162:
2156:
2149:
2146:
2145:
2144:
2138:
2115:
2112:
2106:
2105:Arena security
2103:
2098:
2097:Tattle texting
2095:
2081:
2078:
2064:LG Electronics
2036:
2033:
2031:
2028:
2024:character sets
2019:data retention
1988:
1985:
1956:
1953:
1931:
1928:
1893:
1890:
1888:
1885:
1868:
1865:
1833:
1830:
1809:Main article:
1806:
1803:
1781:
1778:
1757:Joseph Estrada
1750:Adrian Năstase
1698:
1695:
1656:Cronulla Beach
1651:
1648:
1604:
1601:
1577:
1574:
1543:Main article:
1540:
1537:
1519:
1516:
1455:Main article:
1452:
1449:
1409:
1406:
1389:Car and Driver
1360:Main article:
1357:
1354:
1229:The New Yorker
1226:An article in
1105:for their own
1103:Latin alphabet
1070:Main article:
1067:
1064:
1050:
1049:Social effects
1047:
1041:
1038:
1020:
1017:
1013:Joseph Estrada
1003:
1000:
994:
991:
958:
955:
925:
922:
918:Hannu Luntiala
906:Matti Vanhanen
834:
831:
829:
826:
821:
818:
809:
806:
733:
730:
699:
696:
679:
676:
667:
664:
662:
659:
641:
638:
613:
610:
593:Main article:
590:
587:
585:
582:
482:announcing an
460:
457:
410:in Baltimore.
324:France Télécom
265:
262:
257:colloquialisms
251:
250:
201:
199:
192:
186:
183:
145:
142:
71:Text messaging
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
9957:
9946:
9943:
9941:
9938:
9936:
9933:
9931:
9930:Brevity codes
9928:
9926:
9923:
9922:
9920:
9905:
9897:
9895:
9887:
9885:
9877:
9875:
9865:
9864:
9861:
9854:
9850:
9848:
9845:
9843:
9840:
9838:
9835:
9833:
9830:
9826:
9823:
9821:
9818:
9817:
9815:
9813:
9810:
9809:
9807:
9803:
9797:
9794:
9792:
9789:
9787:
9784:
9782:
9779:
9777:
9774:
9772:
9769:
9767:
9764:
9762:
9759:
9757:
9754:
9752:
9749:
9748:
9746:
9744:
9740:
9734:
9731:
9729:
9726:
9724:
9721:
9719:
9716:
9714:
9711:
9709:
9706:
9704:
9701:
9699:
9696:
9694:
9691:
9689:
9686:
9684:
9681:
9679:
9676:
9674:
9671:
9670:
9668:
9666:
9662:
9656:
9653:
9651:
9648:
9646:
9643:
9641:
9638:
9636:
9633:
9632:
9630:
9626:
9620:
9619:Code-division
9617:
9615:
9612:
9610:
9607:
9605:
9604:Time-division
9602:
9600:
9597:
9595:
9592:
9591:
9589:
9587:
9583:
9577:
9574:
9570:
9567:
9565:
9562:
9561:
9560:
9557:
9553:
9550:
9549:
9548:
9545:
9543:
9540:
9538:
9535:
9534:
9532:
9530:and switching
9528:
9524:
9516:
9513:
9512:
9511:
9508:
9504:
9501:
9500:
9499:
9496:
9494:
9491:
9489:
9486:
9482:
9481:optical fiber
9479:
9478:
9477:
9474:
9472:
9471:Coaxial cable
9469:
9468:
9466:
9464:
9458:
9452:
9449:
9447:
9444:
9442:
9439:
9437:
9434:
9432:
9429:
9427:
9424:
9422:
9419:
9417:
9414:
9412:
9409:
9407:
9404:
9402:
9399:
9397:
9394:
9392:
9389:
9387:
9386:Radia Perlman
9384:
9382:
9379:
9377:
9374:
9372:
9369:
9367:
9364:
9362:
9359:
9357:
9354:
9352:
9349:
9347:
9344:
9342:
9339:
9337:
9334:
9332:
9329:
9327:
9324:
9322:
9319:
9317:
9314:
9312:
9309:
9307:
9304:
9302:
9299:
9297:
9294:
9292:
9289:
9287:
9284:
9282:
9279:
9277:
9276:Lee de Forest
9274:
9272:
9271:Thomas Edison
9269:
9267:
9264:
9262:
9261:Donald Davies
9259:
9257:
9254:
9252:
9249:
9247:
9246:Claude Chappe
9244:
9242:
9239:
9237:
9234:
9232:
9229:
9227:
9224:
9222:
9219:
9217:
9214:
9212:
9209:
9207:
9204:
9202:
9199:
9197:
9194:
9192:
9189:
9187:
9184:
9182:
9179:
9177:
9174:
9173:
9171:
9167:
9161:
9158:
9156:
9153:
9151:
9148:
9146:
9143:
9139:
9136:
9134:
9131:
9130:
9129:
9126:
9124:
9123:
9119:
9117:
9114:
9111:
9108:
9106:
9103:
9101:
9098:
9096:
9093:
9091:
9090:Smoke signals
9088:
9084:
9081:
9079:
9076:
9074:
9071:
9070:
9069:
9068:Semiconductor
9066:
9062:
9059:
9058:
9057:
9054:
9052:
9049:
9047:
9044:
9042:
9039:
9037:
9034:
9032:
9029:
9027:
9024:
9022:
9019:
9017:
9014:
9010:
9007:
9006:
9005:
9002:
9000:
8997:
8995:
8992:
8990:
8987:
8985:
8982:
8980:
8977:
8975:
8972:
8970:
8967:
8965:
8962:
8960:
8957:
8955:
8952:
8948:
8945:
8943:
8940:
8938:
8935:
8933:
8930:
8929:
8928:
8927:Digital media
8925:
8921:
8918:
8916:
8913:
8911:
8908:
8906:
8903:
8902:
8901:
8898:
8896:
8893:
8891:
8888:
8886:
8883:
8881:
8878:
8876:
8873:
8871:
8868:
8867:
8865:
8863:
8859:
8855:
8848:
8843:
8841:
8836:
8834:
8829:
8828:
8825:
8813:
8804:
8802:
8792:
8790:
8780:
8779:
8776:
8770:
8767:
8765:
8762:
8760:
8757:
8755:
8752:
8750:
8747:
8745:
8742:
8740:
8737:
8736:
8734:
8732:
8728:
8722:
8719:
8717:
8714:
8712:
8709:
8707:
8704:
8702:
8699:
8697:
8694:
8692:
8689:
8687:
8684:
8683:
8681:
8675:
8669:
8666:
8664:
8661:
8659:
8656:
8652:
8649:
8648:
8647:
8644:
8642:
8639:
8637:
8634:
8632:
8629:
8627:
8624:
8622:
8619:
8617:
8614:
8613:
8611:
8609:
8605:
8595:
8592:
8588:
8585:
8584:
8583:
8580:
8576:
8573:
8572:
8571:
8568:
8566:
8563:
8561:
8558:
8556:
8553:
8551:
8548:
8546:
8543:
8541:
8538:
8536:
8533:
8531:
8528:
8526:
8523:
8522:
8520:
8518:
8514:
8508:
8505:
8501:
8498:
8496:
8493:
8492:
8491:
8488:
8484:
8481:
8479:
8476:
8475:
8474:
8471:
8469:
8466:
8465:
8463:
8461:
8457:
8451:
8448:
8446:
8443:
8441:
8438:
8436:
8433:
8432:
8430:
8428:
8424:
8421:
8419:
8411:
8401:
8398:
8396:
8393:
8391:
8388:
8384:
8381:
8380:
8379:
8376:
8374:
8373:BlackBerry 10
8371:
8367:
8364:
8363:
8362:
8359:
8358:
8356:
8354:
8350:
8344:
8341:
8339:
8336:
8334:
8331:
8329:
8326:
8324:
8321:
8319:
8316:
8314:
8311:
8310:
8308:
8306:
8302:
8296:
8293:
8291:
8288:
8286:
8283:
8281:
8280:Feature phone
8278:
8276:
8273:
8271:
8268:
8266:
8263:
8261:
8260:
8259:Manufacturers
8256:
8255:
8252:
8249:
8247:
8241:
8235:
8232:
8230:
8227:
8225:
8222:
8218:
8215:
8213:
8210:
8208:
8205:
8204:
8203:
8200:
8196:
8195:airplane mode
8193:
8192:
8191:
8188:
8184:
8183:phone cloning
8181:
8180:
8179:
8176:
8174:
8171:
8169:
8166:
8162:
8159:
8158:
8157:
8154:
8152:
8149:
8148:
8146:
8140:
8130:
8127:
8125:
8122:
8120:
8117:
8115:
8112:
8110:
8107:
8103:
8100:
8099:
8098:
8095:
8093:
8090:
8087:
8084:
8082:
8079:
8077:
8074:
8071:
8068:
8067:
8065:
8063:
8059:
8053:
8050:
8048:
8045:
8043:
8040:
8038:
8035:
8033:
8030:
8026:
8023:
8021:
8018:
8016:
8013:
8012:
8011:
8008:
8006:
8003:
8001:
7998:
7994:
7991:
7990:
7989:
7986:
7984:
7981:
7979:
7976:
7974:
7971:
7970:
7967:
7964:
7959:
7953:
7949:
7948:Mobile phones
7942:
7937:
7935:
7930:
7928:
7923:
7922:
7919:
7909:
7905:
7900:
7893:
7889:
7883:
7876:
7872:
7867:
7859:
7855:
7851:
7847:
7841:
7834:
7830:
7825:
7809:
7802:
7794:
7790:
7786:
7780:
7764:
7760:
7756:
7750:
7734:
7733:
7728:
7721:
7705:
7701:
7697:
7691:
7675:
7671:
7667:
7661:
7646:
7642:
7636:
7620:
7616:
7610:
7594:
7588:
7586:
7569:
7565:
7559:
7544:
7540:
7533:
7526:
7521:
7505:
7498:
7490:
7486:
7479:
7471:
7465:
7461:
7457:
7456:
7448:
7432:
7428:
7427:
7422:
7415:
7400:
7396:
7389:
7387:
7370:
7366:
7360:
7344:
7340:
7336:
7330:
7322:
7321:
7316:
7310:
7295:on 5 May 2011
7294:
7290:
7284:
7269:
7265:
7258:
7250:
7244:
7240:
7239:
7231:
7215:
7211:
7207:
7200:
7192:
7188:
7187:
7182:
7176:
7160:
7156:
7155:
7150:
7144:
7136:
7132:
7128:
7124:
7120:
7116:
7115:
7110:
7103:
7101:
7084:
7083:
7078:
7072:
7057:
7053:
7047:
7032:
7031:
7026:
7019:
7011:
7007:
7002:
6997:
6993:
6989:
6986:(2): 177–81.
6985:
6981:
6977:
6970:
6962:
6958:
6954:
6950:
6945:
6940:
6935:
6930:
6926:
6922:
6918:
6911:
6903:
6899:
6894:
6889:
6885:
6881:
6877:
6873:
6869:
6865:
6861:
6853:
6845:
6841:
6837:
6833:
6828:
6823:
6819:
6815:
6814:Diabetes Care
6811:
6804:
6788:
6782:
6766:
6762:
6756:
6754:
6752:
6735:
6731:
6730:
6725:
6721:
6715:
6700:
6696:
6689:
6673:
6669:
6665:
6658:
6642:
6638:
6632:
6617:
6616:
6611:
6604:
6589:
6588:
6583:
6576:
6568:
6567:
6562:
6555:
6547:
6546:
6541:
6535:
6527:
6526:
6521:
6515:
6506:
6501:
6497:
6493:
6489:
6482:
6475:. 5 May 2017.
6474:
6470:
6464:
6456:
6450:
6434:
6430:
6423:
6414:
6398:
6394:
6388:
6379:
6370:
6362:
6358:
6354:
6350:
6346:
6342:
6338:
6334:
6330:
6323:
6321:
6319:
6317:
6305:
6301:
6297:
6290:
6283:
6268:
6264:
6257:
6242:
6238:
6234:
6233:
6228:
6221:
6206:
6202:
6195:
6189:
6188:0-8223-3473-9
6185:
6181:
6180:
6173:
6164:
6159:
6156:(2): 163–77.
6155:
6151:
6147:
6140:
6131:
6127:
6123:
6119:
6112:
6106:
6105:0-415-36744-1
6102:
6098:
6092:
6076:
6072:
6066:
6058:
6056:0-262-09039-2
6052:
6048:
6041:
6033:
6029:
6023:
6007:
6003:
5997:
5989:
5985:
5981:
5975:
5959:
5955:
5951:
5945:
5929:
5925:
5919:
5903:
5899:
5895:
5889:
5873:
5867:
5851:
5847:
5840:
5824:
5820:
5814:
5806:
5805:
5800:
5794:
5779:
5778:Science Daily
5775:
5769:
5754:
5750:
5743:
5728:
5724:
5717:
5709:
5705:
5701:
5697:
5693:
5689:
5685:
5681:
5674:
5658:
5654:
5648:
5632:
5628:
5624:
5618:
5602:
5598:
5592:
5585:
5578:
5562:
5558:
5554:
5548:
5546:
5537:
5535:9781450312073
5531:
5527:
5523:
5519:
5512:
5504:
5502:9781450333047
5498:
5494:
5490:
5486:
5479:
5471:
5465:
5460:
5455:
5451:
5447:
5443:
5436:
5420:
5416:
5410:
5402:
5400:9781450318990
5396:
5392:
5388:
5384:
5377:
5369:
5365:
5361:
5357:
5353:
5349:
5342:
5334:
5330:
5326:
5322:
5318:
5314:
5307:
5299:
5295:
5290:
5285:
5281:
5277:
5274:(2): 266–71.
5273:
5269:
5265:
5258:
5251:(3): 331–340.
5250:
5246:
5242:
5235:
5233:
5224:
5220:
5216:
5212:
5205:
5203:
5201:
5192:
5188:
5184:
5180:
5176:
5172:
5165:
5163:
5154:
5150:
5145:
5140:
5135:
5130:
5126:
5122:
5118:
5114:
5113:
5108:
5101:
5099:
5097:
5095:
5093:
5084:
5080:
5076:
5072:
5069:(4): 688–90.
5068:
5064:
5057:
5055:
5053:
5051:
5049:
5037:
5031:
5023:
5022:
5017:
5011:
5003:
4999:
4993:
4977:
4973:
4969:
4963:
4955:
4951:
4947:
4943:
4939:
4935:
4928:
4912:
4908:
4905:(MA thesis).
4904:
4903:
4898:
4892:
4884:
4878:
4870:
4866:
4862:
4858:
4854:
4850:
4843:
4835:
4831:
4827:
4823:
4819:
4815:
4808:
4800:
4796:
4792:
4788:
4784:
4780:
4773:
4764:
4757:
4752:
4744:
4738:
4734:
4733:
4725:
4709:
4705:
4698:
4682:
4678:
4672:
4656:
4652:
4651:
4646:
4639:
4631:
4625:
4609:
4603:
4595:
4588:
4572:
4568:
4562:
4546:
4542:
4536:
4520:
4516:
4510:
4503:
4499:
4495:
4491:
4490:
4485:
4479:
4471:
4467:
4461:
4454:
4449:
4442:
4438:
4433:
4418:
4417:
4412:
4405:
4389:
4385:
4381:
4375:
4373:
4356:
4355:Business Wire
4352:
4346:
4344:
4328:
4327:
4322:
4316:
4309:
4308:0-7382-0861-2
4305:
4299:
4297:
4295:
4293:
4291:
4282:
4278:
4273:
4268:
4264:
4260:
4256:
4252:
4245:
4237:
4233:
4226:
4218:
4214:
4210:
4206:
4202:
4198:
4197:
4189:
4181:
4175:
4167:
4163:
4159:
4155:
4151:
4147:
4146:
4138:
4130:
4129:
4124:
4118:
4110:
4106:
4105:
4100:
4094:
4086:
4082:
4076:
4061:
4057:
4056:"CTIA - Home"
4051:
4036:
4032:
4025:
4017:
4013:
4012:
4007:
4001:
3986:
3980:
3964:
3960:
3954:
3938:
3932:
3917:
3913:
3907:
3892:
3888:
3882:
3867:
3863:
3857:
3855:
3839:. 4 July 2021
3838:
3834:
3828:
3816:
3812:
3805:
3799:
3791:
3787:
3783:
3777:
3762:
3758:
3752:
3736:
3732:
3726:
3718:
3712:
3705:. 3 May 2017.
3704:
3698:
3683:
3679:
3672:
3664:
3660:
3654:
3646:
3642:
3635:
3633:
3631:
3629:
3612:
3608:
3604:
3598:
3590:
3584:
3568:
3564:
3558:
3550:
3544:
3536:
3532:
3528:
3524:
3520:
3516:
3512:
3505:
3490:
3489:
3484:
3477:
3461:
3457:
3451:
3436:
3432:
3426:
3410:
3404:
3388:
3382:
3367:. 17 May 2017
3366:
3362:
3356:
3341:
3337:
3330:
3315:
3311:
3305:
3290:
3286:
3280:
3264:
3260:
3256:
3249:
3230:
3226:
3219:
3212:
3204:
3198:
3190:
3184:
3168:
3161:
3159:
3150:
3146:
3142:
3138:
3132:
3124:
3120:
3116:
3110:
3094:
3087:
3079:
3075:
3071:
3065:
3049:
3045:
3041:
3035:
3019:
3015:
3009:
2994:
2993:
2987:
2979:
2963:
2957:
2949:
2943:
2935:
2931:
2927:
2921:
2906:
2905:
2900:
2893:
2885:
2879:
2875:
2871:
2870:
2865:
2858:
2843:
2839:
2832:
2825:
2813:
2809:
2805:
2799:
2784:
2780:
2773:
2758:
2757:BerkshireLive
2754:
2747:
2739:
2738:
2733:
2726:
2718:
2711:
2703:
2697:
2693:
2686:
2677:
2670:
2657:
2653:
2647:
2640:
2629:
2625:
2621:
2620:
2619:Network World
2615:
2608:
2601:
2599:
2585:
2581:
2577:
2571:
2552:
2548:
2544:
2537:
2530:
2522:
2518:
2511:
2496:
2492:
2486:
2471:
2467:
2463:
2459:
2452:
2436:
2432:
2426:
2422:
2410:(1): 194–201.
2409:
2405:
2401:
2395:
2390:
2386:
2381:
2376:
2372:
2368:
2364:
2360:
2356:
2352:
2348:
2342:
2337:
2333:
2329:
2325:
2321:
2317:
2313:
2309:
2305:
2299:
2294:
2290:
2286:
2282:
2278:
2274:
2270:
2266:
2262:
2256:
2251:
2247:
2242:
2237:
2233:
2229:
2225:
2219:
2218:
2210:
2207:
2204:
2200:
2196:
2193:
2191:
2188:
2186:
2183:
2181:
2178:
2176:
2173:
2171:
2170:Chat language
2168:
2166:
2163:
2160:
2157:
2155:
2152:
2151:
2142:
2139:
2136:
2132:
2128:
2125:
2124:
2123:
2120:
2111:
2102:
2094:
2091:
2087:
2077:
2075:
2074:
2069:
2065:
2060:
2058:
2052:
2049:
2044:
2043:
2027:
2025:
2020:
2014:
2012:
2007:
2003:
1999:
1995:
1984:
1982:
1977:
1975:
1971:
1967:
1963:
1952:
1950:
1944:
1941:
1937:
1927:
1925:
1920:
1916:
1912:
1911:
1905:
1899:
1884:
1882:
1873:
1864:
1861:
1857:
1853:
1847:
1844:
1840:
1829:
1827:
1823:
1822:tenosynovitis
1818:
1812:
1802:
1800:
1796:
1786:
1777:
1775:
1771:
1766:
1762:
1758:
1753:
1751:
1747:
1743:
1734:
1730:
1725:
1718:
1714:
1713:Libyan dinars
1709:
1704:
1694:
1692:
1688:
1684:
1680:
1675:
1673:
1667:
1665:
1661:
1657:
1650:Social unrest
1647:
1645:
1641:
1636:
1634:
1630:
1625:
1623:
1618:
1614:
1610:
1603:Law and crime
1600:
1598:
1594:
1593:
1587:
1582:
1573:
1571:
1567:
1563:
1559:
1555:
1552:
1546:
1545:Cyberbullying
1536:
1532:
1524:
1515:
1511:
1507:
1506:
1502:
1495:
1490:
1486:
1484:
1480:
1476:
1470:
1468:
1466:
1458:
1448:
1446:
1442:
1437:
1434:
1430:
1425:
1424:
1418:
1414:
1405:
1402:
1401:Virginia Tech
1399:In 2009, the
1397:
1395:
1394:drunk driving
1391:
1390:
1385:
1381:
1377:
1368:
1363:
1353:
1351:
1347:
1343:
1338:
1334:
1330:
1326:
1324:
1323:
1317:
1314:
1310:
1306:
1305:Homer Simpson
1302:
1297:
1294:
1289:
1285:
1281:
1277:
1274:
1270:
1266:
1262:
1258:
1253:
1252:David Crystal
1249:
1248:
1243:
1239:
1235:
1231:
1230:
1224:
1222:
1218:
1214:
1210:
1206:
1202:
1198:
1194:
1192:
1188:
1184:
1180:
1176:
1172:
1168:
1164:
1160:
1156:
1152:
1148:
1144:
1140:
1136:
1135:
1130:
1129:
1124:
1123:
1118:
1117:
1112:
1108:
1104:
1100:
1096:
1092:
1087:
1078:
1073:
1063:
1061:
1057:
1046:
1037:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1016:
1014:
1010:
999:
990:
987:
983:
979:
975:
971:
967:
963:
954:
952:
946:
944:
938:
935:
931:
924:United States
921:
919:
915:
914:Last Messages
911:
907:
903:
899:
894:
890:
884:
882:
877:
871:
869:
860:
856:
852:
848:
844:
839:
828:Worldwide use
825:
817:
814:
805:
803:
799:
795:
794:civil service
790:
788:
784:
779:
776:
772:
768:
762:
760:
756:
750:
748:
744:
740:
732:In workplaces
729:
727:
723:
717:
714:
710:
706:
695:
693:
689:
684:
675:
672:
658:
656:
650:
647:
637:
635:
630:
628:
623:
618:
609:
607:
603:
596:
595:Microblogging
589:Microblogging
581:
578:
574:
570:
566:
562:
558:
552:
550:
546:
542:
537:
533:
528:
524:
521:
517:
511:
509:
505:
501:
497:
493:
485:
481:
476:
470:
465:
456:
454:
450:
446:
442:
438:
434:
430:
426:
422:
417:
411:
409:
405:
401:
397:
393:
389:
385:
381:
377:
373:
369:
365:
361:
360:Neil Papworth
356:
354:
349:
346:), and since
345:
341:
337:
333:
329:
325:
321:
317:
313:
309:
304:
302:
298:
294:
293:
287:
285:
281:
277:
271:
261:
258:
247:
244:
236:
226:
222:
218:
212:
211:
207:
202:This section
200:
196:
191:
190:
182:
180:
176:
172:
168:
164:
160:
156:
152:
141:
139:
135:
131:
127:
123:
119:
115:
110:
108:
104:
100:
96:
92:
88:
84:
80:
79:mobile phones
76:
72:
64:
57:
53:
52:feature phone
49:
44:
40:
36:
29:
22:
9586:Multiplexing
9461:Transmission
9426:Nikola Tesla
9416:Henry Sutton
9371:Samuel Morse
9301:Robert Hooke
9266:Amos Dolbear
9201:John Bardeen
9120:
9100:Telautograph
9004:Mobile phone
8959:Edholm's law
8942:social media
8875:Broadcasting
8616:Box breaking
8587:address book
8440:Distribution
8305:Form factors
8270:Camera phone
8257:
8234:Web browsing
8201:
8085:
8069:
7907:
7899:
7892:tampabay.com
7891:
7882:
7866:
7858:the original
7849:
7840:
7824:
7812:. Retrieved
7801:
7788:
7779:
7767:. Retrieved
7763:the original
7758:
7749:
7737:. Retrieved
7730:
7720:
7708:. Retrieved
7704:the original
7699:
7690:
7678:. Retrieved
7674:the original
7669:
7660:
7648:. Retrieved
7644:
7635:
7623:. Retrieved
7618:
7609:
7597:. Retrieved
7572:. Retrieved
7568:the original
7558:
7546:. Retrieved
7542:
7532:
7520:
7508:. Retrieved
7497:
7488:
7478:
7454:
7447:
7435:. Retrieved
7431:the original
7424:
7414:
7402:. Retrieved
7375:29 September
7373:. Retrieved
7368:
7359:
7347:. Retrieved
7343:the original
7338:
7329:
7318:
7309:
7297:. Retrieved
7293:the original
7283:
7271:. Retrieved
7267:
7257:
7237:
7230:
7218:. Retrieved
7214:the original
7209:
7199:
7191:the original
7184:
7175:
7163:. Retrieved
7159:the original
7152:
7143:
7118:
7112:
7087:. Retrieved
7080:
7071:
7059:. Retrieved
7055:
7046:
7034:. Retrieved
7028:
7018:
6983:
6979:
6969:
6924:
6920:
6910:
6867:
6863:
6852:
6817:
6813:
6803:
6791:. Retrieved
6781:
6769:. Retrieved
6764:
6738:. Retrieved
6734:the original
6727:
6714:
6702:. Retrieved
6698:
6688:
6676:. Retrieved
6672:the original
6667:
6657:
6645:. Retrieved
6641:the original
6631:
6619:. Retrieved
6613:
6603:
6591:. Retrieved
6585:
6575:
6564:
6554:
6543:
6534:
6523:
6514:
6495:
6491:
6481:
6473:www.wbur.org
6472:
6463:
6449:
6437:. Retrieved
6433:the original
6422:
6413:
6401:. Retrieved
6397:the original
6387:
6378:
6369:
6336:
6332:
6304:the original
6299:
6295:
6282:
6270:. Retrieved
6266:
6256:
6244:. Retrieved
6230:
6220:
6208:. Retrieved
6204:
6194:
6178:
6172:
6153:
6149:
6139:
6121:
6117:
6111:
6096:
6091:
6079:. Retrieved
6074:
6065:
6046:
6040:
6032:the original
6022:
6010:. Retrieved
6006:the original
5996:
5988:the original
5983:
5974:
5962:. Retrieved
5958:the original
5953:
5944:
5932:. Retrieved
5927:
5918:
5906:. Retrieved
5902:the original
5897:
5888:
5876:. Retrieved
5866:
5854:. Retrieved
5850:the original
5839:
5827:. Retrieved
5823:the original
5813:
5802:
5793:
5781:. Retrieved
5777:
5768:
5756:. Retrieved
5753:Deseret News
5752:
5742:
5730:. Retrieved
5726:
5716:
5686:(1): 15–21.
5683:
5679:
5673:
5661:. Retrieved
5657:the original
5647:
5635:. Retrieved
5631:the original
5626:
5617:
5605:. Retrieved
5600:
5591:
5583:
5577:
5565:. Retrieved
5561:the original
5556:
5517:
5511:
5484:
5478:
5441:
5435:
5423:. Retrieved
5418:
5409:
5382:
5376:
5351:
5347:
5341:
5316:
5312:
5306:
5271:
5267:
5257:
5248:
5244:
5214:
5210:
5177:(1): 69–75.
5174:
5170:
5116:
5110:
5066:
5062:
5030:
5019:
5010:
5001:
4992:
4980:. Retrieved
4976:the original
4962:
4937:
4933:
4927:
4915:. Retrieved
4911:the original
4901:
4891:
4877:cite journal
4852:
4848:
4842:
4817:
4813:
4807:
4782:
4778:
4772:
4763:
4755:
4751:
4731:
4724:
4712:. Retrieved
4708:The Guardian
4707:
4697:
4685:. Retrieved
4680:
4671:
4659:. Retrieved
4655:the original
4650:The DePaulia
4648:
4638:
4612:. Retrieved
4602:
4587:
4575:. Retrieved
4571:the original
4561:
4549:. Retrieved
4545:the original
4535:
4523:. Retrieved
4519:the original
4509:
4501:
4498:the original
4493:
4487:
4478:
4470:the original
4460:
4448:
4432:
4420:. Retrieved
4414:
4404:
4392:. Retrieved
4388:the original
4383:
4359:. Retrieved
4354:
4330:. Retrieved
4324:
4315:
4272:10722/146528
4257:(2): 73–81.
4254:
4250:
4244:
4235:
4225:
4200:
4194:
4188:
4174:cite journal
4149:
4143:
4137:
4126:
4117:
4109:the original
4102:
4093:
4085:the original
4075:
4063:. Retrieved
4060:www.ctia.org
4059:
4050:
4038:. Retrieved
4034:
4024:
4016:the original
4009:
4000:
3988:. Retrieved
3979:
3967:. Retrieved
3963:the original
3953:
3941:. Retrieved
3931:
3919:. Retrieved
3915:
3906:
3894:. Retrieved
3890:
3881:
3869:. Retrieved
3865:
3841:. Retrieved
3836:
3827:
3815:the original
3810:
3798:
3785:
3776:
3764:. Retrieved
3751:
3739:. Retrieved
3735:the original
3725:
3711:
3697:
3685:. Retrieved
3681:
3671:
3663:the original
3653:
3645:The Register
3644:
3615:. Retrieved
3611:the original
3606:
3597:
3571:. Retrieved
3566:
3557:
3543:cite journal
3521:(2): 161–8.
3518:
3514:
3504:
3492:. Retrieved
3486:
3476:
3464:. Retrieved
3459:
3450:
3438:. Retrieved
3434:
3425:
3413:. Retrieved
3403:
3391:. Retrieved
3381:
3369:. Retrieved
3364:
3355:
3343:. Retrieved
3339:
3329:
3317:. Retrieved
3313:
3304:
3292:. Retrieved
3288:
3279:
3267:. Retrieved
3263:the original
3258:
3248:
3236:. Retrieved
3229:the original
3224:
3211:
3197:
3183:
3171:. Retrieved
3149:the original
3140:
3131:
3123:the original
3119:tymcc.com.cn
3118:
3109:
3097:. Retrieved
3086:
3078:the original
3074:synovate.com
3073:
3064:
3052:. Retrieved
3048:the original
3043:
3034:
3022:. Retrieved
3018:the original
3008:
2996:. Retrieved
2990:
2978:
2966:. Retrieved
2956:
2942:
2934:the original
2930:gsmworld.com
2929:
2920:
2908:. Retrieved
2902:
2892:
2868:
2857:
2845:. Retrieved
2841:
2831:
2823:
2816:. Retrieved
2812:the original
2798:
2786:. Retrieved
2782:
2772:
2760:. Retrieved
2756:
2746:
2735:
2725:
2716:
2710:
2691:
2685:
2676:
2667:
2660:. Retrieved
2655:
2646:
2638:
2631:. Retrieved
2617:
2607:
2597:
2595:
2588:. Retrieved
2583:
2579:
2570:
2560:17 September
2558:. Retrieved
2551:the original
2546:
2542:
2529:
2520:
2510:
2498:. Retrieved
2495:www.open.edu
2494:
2485:
2473:. Retrieved
2461:
2451:
2439:. Retrieved
2434:
2425:
2407:
2403:
2354:
2350:
2311:
2307:
2268:
2264:
2234:(1): 29–39.
2231:
2227:
2140:
2126:
2121:
2117:
2108:
2100:
2083:
2071:
2061:
2056:
2053:
2047:
2040:
2038:
2015:
1990:
1978:
1958:
1945:
1933:
1908:
1901:
1878:
1851:
1848:
1842:
1835:
1814:
1791:
1765:People Power
1754:
1738:
1732:
1729:SMS language
1689:through its
1676:
1668:
1663:
1653:
1637:
1626:
1606:
1596:
1590:
1583:
1579:
1556:
1548:
1533:
1529:
1503:
1491:
1487:
1471:
1463:
1460:
1444:
1438:
1432:
1428:
1421:
1419:
1415:
1411:
1398:
1387:
1373:
1332:
1327:
1320:
1318:
1313:Richard Ling
1298:
1287:
1283:
1279:
1276:
1272:
1268:
1264:
1260:
1256:
1245:
1227:
1225:
1195:
1190:
1186:
1182:
1178:
1150:
1146:
1142:
1138:
1132:
1126:
1120:
1114:
1086:phone keypad
1083:
1072:SMS language
1052:
1043:
1022:
1005:
996:
960:
947:
943:push to talk
939:
927:
913:
909:
897:
885:
872:
864:
857:welcomes an
823:
815:
811:
791:
780:
774:
763:
754:
751:
735:
722:long numbers
718:
701:
681:
669:
651:
643:
631:
622:over-the-top
619:
615:
598:
584:Applications
553:
529:
525:
515:
512:
488:
443:and the RIM
412:
408:Kurt Schmoke
357:
305:
290:
288:
273:
260:a "texter".
254:
239:
230:
215:Please help
203:
147:
111:
109:connection.
87:smartwatches
74:
70:
69:
56:SMS language
39:
21:Pop-Up Video
9940:Online chat
9786:NPL network
9498:Radio waves
9436:Alfred Vail
9346:Hedy Lamarr
9331:Dawon Kahng
9291:Elisha Gray
9251:Yogen Dalal
9176:Nasir Ahmed
9110:Teleprinter
8974:Heliographs
8677:Environment
8651:silent mode
8495:contactless
8478:advertising
8435:Development
8353:Smartphones
8062:Generations
7978:Frequencies
7833:Boing Boing
7810:. Eeggs.com
7739:10 February
7710:15 November
7548:11 November
7506:. CNET News
7489:PC Magazine
7186:Plantronics
7036:19 December
6492:M/C Journal
6272:11 November
6246:11 November
6210:11 November
5425:10 November
4065:11 November
4040:13 February
3891:Twilio Blog
3682:VentureBeat
3440:10 February
3371:13 December
3345:13 December
3259:mobile news
3169:. Huliq.com
3040:"Flash SMS"
2656:theweek.com
2633:29 December
2135:speed limit
2011:SMS gateway
1994:SMS gateway
1856:Plantronics
1697:In politics
1475:Miley Cyrus
1329:Joan H. Lee
1207:as well as
1019:New Zealand
1002:Philippines
893:Santa Claus
849:welcomes a
808:Group texts
683:SMS gateway
671:Short codes
666:Short codes
518:(used as a
484:AMBER Alert
388:TeliaSonera
303:" service.
284:radio waves
185:Terminology
171:postal mail
134:happy faces
35:online chat
9919:Categories
9832:Antarctica
9791:Toasternet
9713:Television
9196:Paul Baran
9128:Television
9112:(teletype)
9105:Telegraphy
9083:transistor
9061:Phryctoria
9031:Photophone
9009:Smartphone
8999:Mass media
8739:Carrier IQ
8679:and health
8594:Television
8445:Management
8338:Smartwatch
8295:Smartphone
7983:Multi-band
7791:. London:
7670:Tvnz.co.nz
7399:TechCrunch
7273:18 January
7220:11 October
7061:10 January
6864:Open Heart
6615:Herald Sun
5637:13 January
5607:13 January
5567:13 January
4982:5 February
4661:18 October
4422:15 January
4384:wayodd.com
3687:17 January
3567:HSL Mobile
3466:15 January
3269:23 January
3238:23 January
3225:tyntec.com
3095:. CBS NEWS
2998:15 January
2950:. Gnu.org.
2910:15 January
2847:2 February
2818:2 February
2788:2 February
2762:3 December
2662:2 February
2586:: 35. 1984
2417:References
2114:Smart cars
2093:messages.
2086:Morse code
2080:Morse code
2013:provider.
1907:including
1887:Challenges
1701:See also:
1629:sharia law
1617:encryption
1518:In schools
1234:anglicized
1221:dictionary
1217:LetterWise
1215:(Eatoni's
1179:wǔ èr líng
1167:chat rooms
1091:camel case
1084:The small
1060:Smart Mobs
978:Short Mail
974:NTT Docomo
802:BlackBerry
783:telematics
747:Penn State
500:fire alarm
445:BlackBerry
437:Short Mail
433:NTT Docomo
384:Radiolinja
374:" via the
364:Sema Group
332:leadership
292:Reichspost
268:See also:
163:e-commerce
120:(MMS) and
9816:Americas
9805:Locations
9776:Internet2
9537:Bandwidth
9241:Vint Cerf
9138:streaming
9116:Telephone
9056:Semaphore
8947:streaming
8721:Recycling
8668:Wallpaper
8646:Ringtones
8507:Ticketing
8483:campaigns
8473:Marketing
8275:Car phone
8190:Telephony
8144:operation
8037:Tethering
7962:protocols
7404:3 October
7369:bbc.co.uk
7135:143705457
7089:3 October
6953:1741-3842
6884:2053-3624
6836:0149-5992
6353:1461-4448
6267:LaptopMag
6241:0099-9660
6205:USA TODAY
6124:: 64–78.
5419:medGadget
4799:143302111
4681:USA Today
4439:from the
4281:110625303
4166:145367428
3766:3 October
3607:BudgetSMS
3289:MetrixLab
2968:3 October
2694:. Wiley.
2628:0887-7661
2470:0362-4331
2441:16 August
2371:0261-510X
2328:1461-4448
2285:0093-6502
2250:195794891
2203:ligatures
1832:Etiquette
1826:addiction
1770:smart mob
1761:smart mob
1613:encrypted
1508:is being
1436:context.
1309:emoticons
1299:American
1238:diacritic
1111:diacritic
898:The Voice
726:TV voting
496:Flash SMS
233:June 2023
204:does not
179:voicemail
159:voicemail
128:known as
126:ideograms
103:satellite
9884:Category
9771:Internet
9761:CYCLADES
9678:Ethernet
9628:Concepts
9552:terminal
9503:wireless
9326:Bob Kahn
9169:Pioneers
8994:Internet
8885:Cable TV
8812:Category
8555:Learning
8535:Gambling
8525:Blogging
8500:donating
8490:Payments
8460:Commerce
8418:software
8415:specific
8265:3D phone
8229:Tracking
8178:Security
8161:services
8151:Features
8102:adoption
8070:Analogue
8052:XHTML-MP
8025:SIM lock
8015:dual SIM
8010:SIM card
7958:networks
7875:Engadget
7814:29 March
7625:27 March
7619:BBC News
7599:29 March
7574:29 March
7349:29 March
7299:29 March
7165:29 March
7010:18550322
6961:25687131
6902:31673381
6844:26207059
6793:29 March
6789:. TxtMob
6787:"TxtMob"
6771:29 March
6765:Newsweek
6740:29 March
6647:29 March
6545:ABC News
6439:29 March
6403:29 March
6075:BBC News
6012:29 March
5700:22674035
5663:29 March
5368:55587908
5333:21569892
5298:22269509
5191:18215534
5153:26222430
5112:PLOS One
5083:22226937
4954:19972666
4899:(2011).
4869:46309911
4834:41608163
4714:29 March
4624:cite web
4614:29 March
4577:29 March
4551:29 March
4525:29 March
4217:16629131
3969:29 March
3943:29 March
3866:Lifewire
3790:Archived
3741:29 March
3583:cite web
3535:22302334
3460:Engadget
3415:29 March
3393:29 March
3365:BBC News
3173:29 March
3099:19 March
3054:29 March
3024:29 March
2500:4 August
2475:5 August
2435:NBC News
2389:24923868
2293:46309911
2190:Telegram
2148:See also
2127:Speeding
1981:WhatsApp
1966:iMessage
1919:phishing
1904:spamming
1881:ellipsis
1683:ZunZuneo
1586:textisms
1566:iMessage
1562:Messages
1539:Bullying
1501:template
1467:Magazine
1350:literacy
1269:cassette
1265:dove sei
1191:qù sǐ ba
1187:qī sì bā
1183:wǒ ài nǐ
1107:language
1095:Cyrillic
1033:2degrees
1025:Spark NZ
951:megabyte
891:, put a
851:Proximus
847:T-Mobile
707:and the
569:Snapchat
561:WhatsApp
492:domotics
469:WhatsApp
376:Vodafone
353:ND-NOTIS
308:ALOHAnet
151:emailing
144:Overview
107:Internet
91:desktops
9904:Commons
9894:Outline
9847:Oceania
9766:FidoNet
9751:ARPANET
9564:circuit
9133:digital
8862:History
8663:Txt-spk
8608:Culture
8517:Content
8468:Banking
8366:rooting
8323:Phablet
8246:devices
8168:History
8142:General
8086:Digital
8000:Roaming
7769:6 April
7735:. Seoul
7680:5 April
7650:5 April
7510:8 March
7437:9 April
7001:2527290
6893:6802999
6704:6 April
6678:6 April
6621:5 April
6593:8 March
6587:The Age
5708:7998778
5627:XYHD.TV
5289:3266515
5144:4519241
5121:Bibcode
4917:9 March
4443:website
4394:5 April
4361:5 April
4332:5 April
3990:23 June
3617:14 June
3573:14 June
3494:5 April
3319:1 April
3294:1 April
2992:Elektor
2380:4265847
2336:5469636
1983:alone.
1843:texting
1717:Gaddafi
1679:Twitter
1644:warrant
1622:Tilburg
1570:iPhones
1457:Sexting
1451:Sexting
1213:letters
1159:Unicode
1009:EDSA II
970:SkyMail
966:J-Phone
881:roaming
843:roaming
602:Twitter
516:texting
506:(e.g.,
429:SkyMail
425:J-Phone
404:Al Gore
264:History
225:removed
210:sources
95:laptops
75:texting
9842:Europe
9812:Africa
9796:Usenet
9756:BITNET
9693:Mobile
9569:packet
9078:MOSFET
9073:device
8870:Beacon
8810:
8658:Selfie
8641:Novels
8631:Dating
8626:Comics
8621:Charms
8582:Social
8570:Search
8545:Health
8540:Gaming
8413:Mobile
8378:iPhone
8328:Slider
8244:Mobile
8005:Signal
7956:Mobile
7759:PR Mac
7466:
7268:SFGATE
7245:
7133:
7056:OnPage
7008:
6998:
6959:
6951:
6900:
6890:
6882:
6842:
6834:
6699:Forbes
6361:424414
6359:
6351:
6239:
6186:
6103:
6081:25 May
6053:
5964:5 July
5934:5 July
5908:5 July
5878:4 July
5856:4 July
5829:5 July
5783:5 July
5758:4 July
5732:5 July
5706:
5698:
5532:
5499:
5466:
5397:
5366:
5331:
5296:
5286:
5189:
5151:
5141:
5081:
4952:
4867:
4832:
4797:
4739:
4687:25 May
4306:
4279:
4215:
4164:
3921:30 May
3896:30 May
3871:30 May
3843:30 May
3533:
2880:
2874:107–08
2719:. ITU.
2698:
2626:
2590:18 May
2468:
2387:
2377:
2369:
2334:
2326:
2291:
2283:
2248:
1597:et al.
1592:et al.
1481:, and
1445:et al.
1441:Kinect
1433:et al.
1429:et al.
1423:et al.
1322:et al.
1171:QWERTY
1155:script
1029:One NZ
859:Orange
833:Europe
545:One NZ
480:iPhone
453:TCP/IP
441:i-mode
9825:South
9820:North
9781:JANET
9718:Telex
9708:Radio
9547:Nodes
9542:Links
9463:media
9041:Radio
9026:Pager
8954:Drums
8920:video
8915:image
8905:audio
8575:local
8560:Music
8530:Email
8333:Slate
7131:S2CID
6498:(1).
6357:S2CID
6307:(PDF)
6292:(PDF)
5704:S2CID
5364:S2CID
5039:(PDF)
4865:S2CID
4830:S2CID
4795:S2CID
4277:S2CID
4213:S2CID
4162:S2CID
4128:ZDNet
3818:(PDF)
3807:(PDF)
3232:(PDF)
3221:(PDF)
2554:(PDF)
2539:(PDF)
2332:S2CID
2289:S2CID
2246:S2CID
2141:Range
2090:Nokia
2006:SMS-C
1962:Apple
1940:bytes
1633:talaq
1558:Apple
1551:bully
1499:‹The
1211:) or
1201:Tegic
1099:Greek
993:China
962:Japan
957:Japan
713:82ASK
606:Weibo
577:Viber
502:) or
451:over
301:telex
297:Reich
177:, or
175:email
130:emoji
73:, or
9837:Asia
9723:UUCP
9683:ISDN
8565:News
8427:Apps
8343:Fold
8318:Flip
8224:Spam
8119:4.5G
8109:3.5G
8042:VoIP
8020:eSIM
7993:list
7816:2012
7771:2011
7741:2010
7712:2010
7682:2012
7652:2012
7627:2010
7601:2012
7576:2012
7550:2023
7512:2022
7464:ISBN
7439:2011
7406:2022
7377:2014
7351:2012
7301:2012
7275:2023
7243:ISBN
7222:2010
7167:2012
7091:2022
7063:2018
7038:2013
7006:PMID
6957:PMID
6949:ISSN
6898:PMID
6880:ISSN
6840:PMID
6832:ISSN
6795:2012
6773:2012
6742:2012
6706:2014
6680:2014
6649:2012
6623:2012
6595:2020
6441:2012
6405:2012
6349:ISSN
6274:2023
6248:2023
6237:ISSN
6212:2023
6184:ISBN
6101:ISBN
6083:2010
6051:ISBN
6014:2012
5966:2012
5936:2012
5910:2012
5880:2012
5858:2012
5831:2012
5785:2012
5760:2012
5734:2012
5696:PMID
5665:2012
5639:2009
5609:2009
5569:2009
5530:ISBN
5497:ISBN
5464:ISBN
5427:2016
5395:ISBN
5329:PMID
5294:PMID
5187:PMID
5149:PMID
5079:PMID
5002:CNBC
4984:2010
4950:PMID
4919:2012
4883:link
4737:ISBN
4716:2012
4710:. UK
4689:2010
4663:2012
4630:link
4616:2012
4579:2012
4553:2012
4527:2012
4424:2020
4396:2012
4363:2012
4334:2012
4304:ISBN
4180:link
4067:2023
4042:2020
4011:CTIA
3992:2010
3971:2012
3945:2012
3923:2023
3898:2023
3873:2023
3845:2023
3768:2022
3743:2012
3689:2017
3619:2011
3589:link
3575:2011
3549:link
3531:PMID
3496:2012
3468:2023
3442:2014
3417:2012
3395:2012
3373:2023
3347:2023
3321:2020
3296:2020
3271:2013
3240:2013
3175:2012
3101:2012
3056:2012
3026:2012
3000:2020
2970:2022
2912:2020
2878:ISBN
2849:2010
2820:2016
2790:2010
2764:2022
2696:ISBN
2664:2016
2635:2017
2624:ISSN
2592:2017
2562:2017
2502:2024
2477:2024
2466:ISSN
2443:2024
2385:PMID
2367:ISSN
2324:ISSN
2281:ISSN
2201:and
2039:The
1970:GSMA
1915:UCAN
1892:Spam
1638:The
1209:iTap
972:and
930:CTIA
889:MTV3
855:Base
796:and
785:and
688:SMSC
547:and
520:verb
459:Uses
449:SMTP
431:and
416:SMSC
274:The
208:any
206:cite
155:call
9728:WAN
9698:NGN
9688:LAN
8969:Fax
8910:DCT
8731:Law
8313:Bar
8217:RCS
8212:MMS
8207:SMS
8156:GSM
8047:WAP
7460:4–5
7123:doi
6996:PMC
6988:doi
6939:hdl
6929:doi
6888:PMC
6872:doi
6822:doi
6500:doi
6341:doi
6158:doi
6126:doi
5688:doi
5522:doi
5489:doi
5454:hdl
5446:doi
5387:doi
5356:doi
5321:doi
5284:PMC
5276:doi
5249:171
5219:doi
5179:doi
5139:PMC
5129:doi
5071:doi
4942:doi
4857:doi
4822:doi
4787:doi
4494:118
4267:hdl
4259:doi
4205:doi
4154:doi
3837:MUO
3523:doi
2375:PMC
2359:doi
2316:doi
2273:doi
2236:doi
2131:GPS
2002:SS7
1998:SS7
1974:RCS
1972:'s
1964:'s
1776:."
1380:AAA
1344:of
1286:in
1261:sei
1257:sei
1203:'s
1193:).
1097:or
976:'s
968:'s
868:GSM
692:SS7
536:A$
510:).
435:'s
427:'s
396:ITU
355:).
348:GSM
328:GSM
322:of
219:by
105:or
48:SMS
9921::
8129:6G
8124:5G
8114:4G
8097:3G
8092:2G
8081:1G
8076:0G
7906:.
7890:.
7852:.
7848:.
7787:.
7757:.
7729:.
7698:.
7668:.
7643:.
7617:.
7584:^
7541:.
7487:.
7462:.
7423:.
7397:.
7385:^
7367:.
7337:.
7317:.
7266:.
7208:.
7183:.
7151:.
7129:.
7119:29
7117:.
7111:.
7099:^
7079:.
7054:.
7027:.
7004:.
6994:.
6984:35
6982:.
6978:.
6955:.
6947:.
6937:.
6925:38
6923:.
6919:.
6896:.
6886:.
6878:.
6866:.
6862:.
6838:.
6830:.
6818:38
6816:.
6812:.
6763:.
6750:^
6726:.
6697:.
6666:.
6612:.
6584:.
6563:.
6542:.
6522:.
6494:.
6490:.
6471:.
6355:.
6347:.
6337:17
6335:.
6331:.
6315:^
6300:11
6298:.
6294:.
6265:.
6235:.
6229:.
6203:.
6154:17
6152:.
6148:.
6122:35
6120:.
6073:.
5982:.
5952:.
5926:.
5896:.
5801:.
5776:.
5751:.
5725:.
5702:.
5694:.
5684:42
5682:.
5625:.
5599:.
5555:.
5544:^
5528:.
5495:.
5462:.
5452:.
5417:.
5393:.
5362:.
5352:29
5350:.
5327:.
5317:42
5315:.
5292:.
5282:.
5272:45
5270:.
5266:.
5247:.
5243:.
5231:^
5215:26
5213:.
5199:^
5185:.
5175:40
5173:.
5161:^
5147:.
5137:.
5127:.
5117:10
5115:.
5109:.
5091:^
5077:.
5067:35
5065:.
5047:^
5018:.
5000:.
4970:.
4948:.
4938:27
4936:.
4879:}}
4875:{{
4863:.
4853:37
4851:.
4828:.
4818:14
4816:.
4793:.
4781:.
4706:.
4679:.
4647:.
4626:}}
4622:{{
4492:.
4486:.
4413:.
4382:.
4371:^
4353:.
4342:^
4323:.
4289:^
4275:.
4265:.
4255:21
4253:.
4234:.
4211:.
4201:56
4199:.
4176:}}
4172:{{
4160:.
4150:22
4148:.
4125:.
4101:.
4058:.
4033:.
4008:.
3914:.
3889:.
3864:.
3853:^
3835:.
3809:.
3784:.
3759:.
3680:.
3643:.
3627:^
3605:.
3585:}}
3581:{{
3565:.
3545:}}
3541:{{
3529:.
3519:63
3517:.
3513:.
3485:.
3458:.
3433:.
3363:.
3338:.
3312:.
3287:.
3257:.
3223:.
3157:^
3143:.
3139:.
3117:.
3072:.
3042:.
2989:.
2928:.
2901:.
2876:.
2840:.
2822:.
2781:.
2755:.
2734:.
2666:.
2654:.
2637:.
2616:.
2594:.
2584:51
2582:.
2578:.
2545:.
2541:.
2519:.
2493:.
2464:.
2460:.
2433:.
2406:.
2402:.
2383:.
2373:.
2365:.
2355:32
2353:.
2349:.
2330:.
2322:.
2312:14
2310:.
2306:.
2287:.
2279:.
2269:37
2267:.
2263:.
2244:.
2230:.
2226:.
2197:,
1976:.
1674:.
1572:.
1512:.›
1477:,
1288:@F
1205:T9
1149:,
1145:,
1141:,
1131:,
1125:,
1119:,
904:,
749:.
575:,
571:,
567:,
563:,
541:PC
421:3G
310:.
286:.
181:.
173:,
89:,
85:,
81:,
58:".
9855:)
9851:(
8846:e
8839:t
8832:v
8088::
8072::
7960:,
7940:e
7933:t
7926:v
7894:.
7877:.
7835:.
7818:.
7773:.
7743:.
7714:.
7684:.
7654:.
7629:.
7603:.
7578:.
7552:.
7514:.
7491:.
7472:.
7441:.
7408:.
7379:.
7353:.
7303:.
7277:.
7251:.
7224:.
7169:.
7137:.
7125::
7093:.
7065:.
7040:.
7012:.
6990::
6963:.
6941::
6931::
6904:.
6874::
6868:6
6846:.
6824::
6797:.
6775:.
6744:.
6708:.
6682:.
6651:.
6625:.
6597:.
6569:.
6508:.
6502::
6496:9
6443:.
6407:.
6363:.
6343::
6276:.
6250:.
6214:.
6166:.
6160::
6132:.
6128::
6085:.
6059:.
6016:.
5968:.
5938:.
5912:.
5882:.
5860:.
5833:.
5787:.
5762:.
5736:.
5710:.
5690::
5667:.
5641:.
5611:.
5571:.
5538:.
5524::
5505:.
5491::
5472:.
5456::
5448::
5429:.
5403:.
5389::
5370:.
5358::
5335:.
5323::
5300:.
5278::
5225:.
5221::
5193:.
5181::
5155:.
5131::
5123::
5085:.
5073::
5041:.
4986:.
4956:.
4944::
4921:.
4885:)
4871:.
4859::
4836:.
4824::
4801:.
4789::
4783:8
4745:.
4718:.
4691:.
4665:.
4632:)
4618:.
4596:.
4581:.
4555:.
4529:.
4426:.
4398:.
4365:.
4336:.
4310:.
4283:.
4269::
4261::
4238:.
4219:.
4207::
4182:)
4168:.
4156::
4069:.
4044:.
3994:.
3973:.
3947:.
3925:.
3900:.
3875:.
3847:.
3822:/
3770:.
3745:.
3719:.
3691:.
3647:.
3621:.
3591:)
3577:.
3551:)
3537:.
3525::
3498:.
3470:.
3444:.
3419:.
3397:.
3375:.
3349:.
3323:.
3298:.
3273:.
3242:.
3205:.
3191:.
3177:.
3103:.
3058:.
3028:.
3002:.
2972:.
2914:.
2886:.
2851:.
2792:.
2766:.
2740:.
2704:.
2547:3
2523:.
2504:.
2479:.
2445:.
2408:3
2391:.
2361::
2338:.
2318::
2295:.
2275::
2252:.
2238::
2232:6
1735:»
1284:@
1280:@
1151:z
1147:s
1143:e
1139:a
1134:ż
1128:ś
1122:ę
1116:ą
912:(
559:/
295:(
246:)
240:(
235:)
231:(
227:.
213:.
132:(
93:/
37:.
30:.
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.