380:
military services, as well as the development of their individual doctrines was the responsibility of various deputies ministers, overseen by the
General Staff. The Ministry of Defense has been staffed almost entirely by professional military personnel, and it has had a monopoly on military information because the Soviet Union has lacked independent defense research organizations frequently found in other countries. This monopoly has given high-ranking Soviet officers undisputed influence with party and government leaders on issues, ranging from arms control to weapons development to arms sales abroad, that affect the position and prestige of the armed forces. The Ministry of Defense was capable of calling on various Soviet academies and institutes for analysis and studies on military matters, as well as the each service's own academies capable of running field tests. Virtually all of this analysis, studies, and testing was classified secret, and non-military actors had no access to it.
307:
49:
384:
Ministry of
Defense (the Minister of Defence, the three first deputy ministers of defense, the eleven ministers of defence and the chief of the Main Political Directorate of the Soviet Army and Navy) formed the Main Military Council. At this time, the Main Military Council would become the headquarters of the Supreme High Command. The Main Military Council would also resolve conflicts between the five services and present the Defense Council with the budgetary requirements of the military determined by the General Staff.
222:
289:, the five armed services, and the main and central directorates. The General Staff was created by Stalin in 1935, as the development of more complex military forces required leaders with greater training and specialization. It acted as the main organ of control for all Soviet military forces during World War II. The five armed services were the navy, the
220:
The
Ministry of Defence was renamed a number of times. From 1917 to 1934 it was the People's Commissariat for War and Naval Affairs, from 1934 to 1946 it was the People's Commissariat for Defence, and in 1946 the People's Commissariat for the Armed Forces. On or about March 22, 1946 the army and Navy
379:
The
Ministry of Defence directed the five armed services and all military activities on a daily basis. It was responsible for fielding, arming, and supplying the armed services, and in peacetime all territorial commands of the armed forces reported to it. The design, equipment and staffing of the
297:
and the rocket forces. Higher level subunits in the
Ministry would have an associated military collegium, essentially a council responsible for dealing with various issues, all under the ultimate command of the Central Committee of the Communist Party. Both the Ministry of Defence and the General
383:
The
General Staff was responsible for overseeing war plans, training, mobilization and combat readiness of forces. During times of war, the General Staff would act as the executive arm of the Supreme High Command, exercising direct control over the five military forces. The top leadership of the
353:
The three first deputy ministers of defense were the chief of the
General Staff, the commander in chief of the Warsaw Pact, and another senior officer with unspecified duties. First deputy ministers of defense have also been selected from the Ground Forces. In 1989 the eleven deputy ministers of
229:"developing long-term plans for the development of the army and navy and improving organization and logistics all types and branches of troops of the Armed Forces, which were controlled through the corresponding main commands in accordance with the specific responsibilities assigned to them."
1123:
1309:
1324:
1314:
344:
was removed from his position in the
Politburo in 1957, the Minister of Defense would not be made a part of Politburo again until 1973. In the 1980s, the Minister of Defense would only maintain alternate membership in the Politburo.
1128:
843:
1083:
1203:
1138:
988:
918:
1158:
833:
1319:
1113:
1304:
863:
1451:
1268:
1168:
277:. In 1989 it was, however, larger than most other ministries and had special arrangements for party supervision of, and state participation in, its activities. The Ministry of Defence was made up of the
1456:
933:
903:
923:
1446:
1364:
1344:
784:
1178:
983:
1058:
1477:
1213:
1078:
883:
1188:
958:
1374:
1248:
1028:
1198:
1404:
1288:
928:
1253:
1118:
1228:
1088:
282:
246:
1273:
1098:
274:
237:, "which had the Supreme Military Soviet as its highest organ," responsible for directing the Armed Forces. In 1953 the two were unified again as the Ministry of Defence.
153:
893:
78:
1263:
1068:
1013:
403:
337:
1133:
744:
973:
913:
828:
17:
1369:
1278:
1143:
998:
823:
1379:
1487:
1093:
1073:
953:
398:
1414:
993:
908:
772:
570:
Geoffrey Jukes, "The Soviet Armed Forces and the Afghan War," in Saikal and Maley, "The Soviet
Withdrawal from Afghanistan," 1989, 86.
1409:
1243:
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1048:
888:
873:
868:
779:
278:
266:
149:
100:
1233:
898:
853:
814:
637:
Glantz (2010). "The
Development of the Soviet and Russian Armies in Context, 1946–2008: A Chronological and Topical Outline".
1208:
737:
690:
Tsouras, Peter G. (1994). Changing Orders: The Evolution of the World's Armies, 1945 to the Present. New York: Facts on File.
614:
1038:
963:
794:
1334:
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1163:
1148:
1482:
1349:
1283:
1183:
1103:
1063:
1043:
1003:
968:
943:
393:
325:
135:
1053:
789:
705:
673:
306:
1354:
1008:
730:
245:
The Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation was established on 16 March 1992. An agreement to set up a joint
978:
1399:
1389:
809:
753:
340:, although the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet made the formal announcement. After Minister of Defence General
197:
194:
1023:
858:
848:
767:
354:
defense included the commanders in chief of the five armed services as well as the chiefs of Civil Defense,
1153:
250:
358:, Construction and Troop Billeting, Armaments, the Main Personnel Directorate, and the Main Inspectorate.
1434:
1258:
799:
333:
1218:
646:
1394:
878:
294:
1193:
1033:
1359:
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253:
and the other former Soviet republics decided to establish up separate national armed forces.
225:) were amalgamated into a Ministry of the Armed Forces. The ministry became responsible for:
1018:
838:
722:
329:
290:
234:
8:
205:
110:
938:
262:
131:
711:
701:
679:
669:
620:
610:
48:
209:
186:
700:(2nd ed.). Washington, D.C.: Federal Research Division, Library of Congress.
367:
233:
In 1950 the separate War and Navy Ministries were recreated, responsible to the
270:
624:
249:
was signed on 20 March 1992, but the idea was discarded as Russia created its
1471:
355:
341:
715:
683:
201:
1419:
695:
663:
371:(Red Star) was the "central organ" – official newspaper of the Ministry.
332:
general; the position was presumably filled on the recommendation of the
286:
1441:
604:
328:
was always either a leading Communist Party civilian official or a
1424:
1384:
310:
Organisation of the Ministry of Defence of the Soviet Union, 1988
114:
552:
283:
Main Political Directorate of the Soviet Army and Soviet Navy
118:
752:
275:
Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
154:
Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
630:
422:
V.I. Feskov et al 2013, 16 ;Tsouras 1994, 38 says February.
1478:
People's commissariats and ministries of the Soviet Union
1429:
1124:
Machine Building for Animal Husbandry and Fodder Products
482:
480:
478:
476:
474:
472:
470:
542:
540:
585:
573:
467:
455:
164:
404:
List of heads of the military of post-imperial Russia
1310:
Construction in the Far East and Transbaikal Regions
537:
525:
79:
People's Commissariat of Defense of the Soviet Union
1325:
Construction in the Urals and West Siberian Regions
929:
Construction of Road Building and Communal Machines
298:Staff were predominantly led by the Ground Forces.
247:
Commonwealth of Independent States military command
503:
501:
499:
497:
495:
223:ru:Народный комиссариат Военно-морского флота СССР
1089:Instrument-Making, Automation and Control Systems
513:
434:
1469:
1315:Construction in the Northern and Western Regions
768:President and Vice President of the Soviet Union
492:
53:Standard of the Minister of Defence (1964–1991)
738:
694:Zickel, Raymond E.; Keefe, Eugene K. (1991).
38:
1129:Machine Building for Light and Food Industry
844:Automobile and Agricultural Machine Building
649:(in Russian). Энциклопедия Всемирная история
693:
668:. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press.
558:
486:
399:Ministry of Defense Industry (Soviet Union)
1264:Timber, Paper and Wood Processing Industry
1084:Installation and Special Construction Work
745:
731:
1204:Oil Processing and Petrochemical Industry
1069:Heavy and Transport Machines Construction
1420:Standards and Product Quality Management
754:All-Union Government of the Soviet Union
602:
546:
305:
150:Council of Ministers of the Soviet Union
101:Council of Ministers of the Soviet Union
1139:Machinery for Stock Raising and Feeding
1134:Machine Tool and Tool Building Industry
919:Construction of Petrochemical Machinery
14:
1470:
636:
440:
319:
1159:Medical and Microbiologiacal Industry
834:Installation and Special Construction
726:
301:
265:, was technically subordinate to the
1320:Construction in the Southern Regions
1114:Land Reclamation and Water Resources
974:Electrical Power and Electrification
914:Construction of Oil and Gas Industry
661:
591:
579:
531:
519:
507:
461:
208:. The first Minister of Defense was
1305:Construction in the Eastern Regions
864:Chemical and Oil Machinery Building
697:Soviet Union : a country study
665:The Collapse of the Soviet Military
374:
348:
24:
1488:Ministry of Defense (Soviet Union)
1279:Tractors and Agricultural Machines
1144:Manufacture of Communication Media
639:Journal of Slavic Military Studies
394:Minister of Defence (Soviet Union)
25:
1499:
824:Agricultural Products Procurement
894:Communication Equipment Industry
47:
1269:Tool and Tool Building Industry
564:
361:
293:, the military air forces, the
256:
18:Ministry of Defense of the USSR
909:Construction of Heavy Industry
603:Garthoff, Raymond L. (2019) .
446:
425:
416:
240:
13:
1:
1174:Mineral Fertilizer Production
934:Construction of Tool-Machines
904:Construction of Fuel Industry
409:
314:
924:Construction of Power Plants
869:Cellulose and Paper Industry
629:Republished version of 1954
261:The Ministry of Defence, an
7:
854:Building Materials Industry
647:"Министерство Обороны СССР"
452:V.I. Feskov et al 2013, 16.
431:V.I. Feskov et al 2013, 16.
387:
10:
1504:
1014:Foreign Economic Relations
215:
27:Soviet government ministry
1483:Former defence ministries
1452:Timber and Paper Industry
1333:
1297:
1209:Power and Electrification
984:Electrotechnical Industry
808:
760:
662:Odom, William E. (1998).
336:with the approval of the
191:Министерство обороны СССР
190:
159:
145:
124:
106:
96:
88:
71:
63:
58:
46:
40:Министерство обороны СССР
39:
37:
1380:Labour and Social Issues
1059:Housing and Architecture
1039:General Machine-Building
989:Environmental Protection
606:Soviet Military Doctrine
1214:Pulp and Paper Industry
1164:Medium Machine-Building
1149:Meat and Dairy Industry
1079:Industrial Construction
559:Zickel & Keefe 1991
487:Zickel & Keefe 1991
204:, which supervised the
1457:Transport Construction
1415:Science and Technology
1284:Transport Construction
1189:Nuclear Power Industry
1184:Non-Ferrous Metallurgy
1064:Heavy Machine Building
969:Electrical Engineering
311:
231:
31:Ministry of Defence of
1249:Technical Cultivation
1029:Fruits and Vegetables
309:
227:
1447:Television and Radio
1199:Oil and Gas Industry
979:Electronics Industry
829:Agriculture and Food
780:Presidential Council
269:, as well as to the
267:Council of Ministers
251:own defence ministry
235:Council of Ministers
125:Minister responsible
1298:Regional ministries
561:, pp. 700–702.
464:, pp. 375–387.
326:minister of defence
320:Minister of Defence
206:Soviet Armed Forces
179:Ministry of Defense
136:Minister of Defence
111:Khamovniki District
34:
1410:State of Emergency
1365:Defense Technology
1345:Building Materials
1289:Urban Construction
999:Ferrous Metallurgy
785:Federation Council
594:, pp. 25, 26.
582:, pp. 23, 25.
312:
302:Ministry structure
295:air defense forces
263:all-union ministry
132:Kliment Voroshilov
30:
1465:
1464:
1024:Forestry Industry
859:Chemical Industry
849:Aviation Industry
616:978-1-78912-347-0
609:. Muriwai Books.
534:, pp. 27–28.
212:, starting 1953.
175:
174:
146:Parent department
138:(longest serving)
16:(Redirected from
1495:
1390:People's Control
1335:State Committees
1254:Textile Industry
1154:Medical Industry
1119:Machine Building
1094:Internal Affairs
1074:Higher Education
1009:Fishing Industry
954:Defense Industry
795:Security Council
747:
740:
733:
724:
723:
719:
687:
658:
656:
654:
642:
628:
595:
589:
583:
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505:
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432:
429:
423:
420:
375:Responsibilities
349:Deputy ministers
210:Nikolai Bulganin
192:
171:
168:
166:
72:Preceding agency
51:
42:
41:
35:
33:the Soviet Union
29:
21:
1503:
1502:
1498:
1497:
1496:
1494:
1493:
1492:
1468:
1467:
1466:
1461:
1338:and commissions
1337:
1329:
1293:
1259:Timber Industry
1229:Rubber Industry
1169:Merchant Marine
994:Foreign Affairs
812:
804:
756:
751:
708:
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368:Krasnaya Zvezda
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334:Defence Council
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84:
59:Agency overview
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32:
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23:
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12:
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1501:
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1430:State Security
1427:
1425:State Planning
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1417:
1412:
1407:
1402:
1397:
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1350:Cinematography
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1266:
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1244:State Security
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1219:Radio Industry
1216:
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1109:Light Industry
1106:
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1099:Iron and Steel
1096:
1091:
1086:
1081:
1076:
1071:
1066:
1061:
1056:
1051:
1049:Grain Products
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889:Communications
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874:Civil Aviation
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1370:Flight Safety
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547:Garthoff 2019
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522:, p. 27.
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342:Georgy Zhukov
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291:ground forces
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