718:) who perceived it as "unacceptable in its present form because it excludes the USA from participation in the collective security system in Europe". The Soviets then decided to make a new proposal to the governments of the US, UK, and France to accept the participation of the US in the proposed General European Agreement. As another argument deployed against the Soviet proposal was that it was perceived by Western powers as "directed against the North Atlantic Pact and its liquidation", the Soviets decided to declare their "readiness to examine jointly with other interested parties the question of the participation of the USSR in the North Atlantic bloc", specifying that "the admittance of the USA into the General European Agreement should not be conditional on the three Western powers agreeing to the USSR joining the North Atlantic Pact". Again, all Soviet proposals, including the request to join NATO, were rejected by the UK, US, and French governments shortly after. Emblematic was the position of British General
1138:
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1035:
501:
53:
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927:
10264:
998:
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member which was not obliged to militarily defend the Soviet Union in case of an armed attack. Bulgaria and
Romania were the only Warsaw Pact members that did not have Soviet troops stationed on their soil. In December 1964, Romania became the only Warsaw Pact member (save Albania, which would leave the Pact altogether within 4 years) from which all Soviet advisors were withdrawn, including those in the intelligence and security services. Not only did Romania not participate in joint operations with the KGB, but it also set up "departments specialized in anti-KGB counterespionage".
245:
155:
230:
9439:
10216:
1478:
939:
2047:
10276:
185:
1015:
260:
12551:
10228:
1624:
1314:
749:
10240:
969:
951:
200:
9383:
10071:
10291:
1323:
557:
44:
215:
1533:
517:
1474:
the Pact's unity and cohesion. No other country succeeded in escaping from the Warsaw Pact like
Romania and Albania did. For example, the mainstays of Romania's tank forces were locally developed models. Soviet troops were deployed to Romania for the last time in 1963, as part of a Warsaw Pact exercise. After 1964, the Soviet Army was barred from returning to Romania, as the country refused to take part in joint Pact exercises.
1577:
diplomatic relations with Israel, some historians have speculated that this was at Moscow's whim. However, this theory fails upon closer inspection. Even during the Cold War, some thought that
Romanian actions were done at the behest of the Soviets, but Soviet anger at said actions was "persuasively genuine". In truth, the Soviets were not beyond publicly aligning themselves with the West against the Romanians at times.
12539:
1529:
elaborate, choose or change the forms and methods of socialist construction." and "There exists no "parent" party and "offspring" party, no "superior" and "subordinated" parties, but only the large family of communist and workers' parties having equal rights." and also "there are not and there can be no unique patterns and recipes". This amounted to a declaration of political and ideological independence from Moscow.
5690:
781:
1449:
777:
to the integration of the
Federal Republic of Germany into NATO, declaring that: "a remilitarized Western Germany and the integration of the latter in the North-Atlantic bloc increase the danger of another war and constitutes a threat to the national security of the peaceable states; in these circumstances the peaceable European states must take the necessary measures to safeguard their security".
6111:
1090:
4465:
1572:'s accession to the Warsaw Pact, why in November 1963 Romania voted in favor of a UN resolution to establish a nuclear-free zone in Latin America when the other Soviet-aligned countries abstained, or why in 1964 Romania opposed the Soviet-proposed "strong collective riposte" against China (and these are examples solely from the 1963–1964 period).
1465:'s interest of preserving the threat of a Pact invasion so he could sell himself as a nationalist, as well as privileged access to NATO counterparts and a seat at various European forums which otherwise he would not have had (for instance, Romania and the Soviet-led remainder of the Warsaw Pact formed two distinct groups in the elaboration of the
2092:, which published some 1,300 declassified documents in January 2006, yet the Polish government reserved publication of 100 documents, pending their military declassification. Eventually, 30 of the reserved 100 documents were published; 70 remained secret and unpublished. Among the documents published was the Warsaw Treaty's nuclear war plan,
1460:
before the Warsaw Pact was created, these three countries completely rejected the Soviet doctrine formulated for the Pact. Albania officially left the organization in 1968, in protest of its invasion of
Czechoslovakia. Romania had its own reasons for remaining a formal member of the Warsaw Pact, such
776:
On 14 May 1955, the USSR and seven other
Eastern European countries "reaffirming their desire for the establishment of a system of European collective security based on the participation of all European states irrespective of their social and political systems" established the Warsaw Pact in response
1567:
Although certain historians such as Robert King and Dennis
Deletant argue against the usage of the term "independent" to describe Romania's relations with the Soviet Union, favoring "autonomy" instead on account of the country's continued membership within both the Comecon and the Warsaw Pact along
1548:
Following
Albania's withdrawal from the Warsaw Pact, Romania remained the only Pact member with an independent military doctrine which denied the Soviet Union use of its armed forces and avoided absolute dependence on Soviet sources of military equipment. Romania was the only non-Soviet Warsaw Pact
1528:
Romania requested and obtained the complete withdrawal of the Soviet Army from its territory in 1958. The
Romanian campaign for independence culminated on 22 April 1964 when the Romanian Communist Party issued a declaration proclaiming that: "Every Marxist–Leninist Party has a sovereign right...to
1473:
assumed command of the Warsaw Pact, both
Romania and Albania had for all practical purposes defected from the Pact. In the early 1960s, Grechko initiated programs meant to preempt Romanian doctrinal heresies from spreading to other Pact members. Romania's doctrine of territorial defense threatened
1597:
being used as a base for its enemies. Its policy was also driven by ideological and geostrategic reasons. Ideologically, the Soviet Union arrogated the right to define socialism and communism and act as the leader of the global socialist movement. A corollary to this was the necessity of military
744:
Memories of the Nazi occupation were still strong, and the rearmament of Germany was feared by France too. On 30 August 1954, the French Parliament rejected the EDC, thus ensuring its failure and blocking a major objective of US policy towards Europe: to associate West Germany militarily with the
706:
Consequently, Molotov, fearing that the EDC would be directed in the future against the USSR and "seeking to prevent the formation of groups of European States directed against the other European States", made a proposal for a General European Treaty on Collective Security in Europe "open to all
815:
using Soviet-dominated joint enterprises. It also instituted trading arrangements deliberately designed to favour the country. Moscow controlled the Communist parties that ruled the satellite states, and they followed orders from the Kremlin. Historian Mark Kramer concludes: "The net outflow of
1428:
and the entry of countries into the alliance was not subject to domination but rather a natural democratic process. In the Warsaw Pact, decisions were ultimately taken by the Soviet Union alone; the countries of the Warsaw Pact were not equally able to negotiate their entry in the Pact nor the
1576:
tried to convince the West that Ceaușescu's empowerment was a dissimulation in connivance with Moscow. To an extent this worked, as some historians came to see the hand of Moscow behind every Romanian initiative. For instance, when Romania became the only Eastern European country to maintain
1556:. Its neutrality in the Sino-Soviet dispute along with being the small Communist country with the most influence in global affairs enabled Romania to be recognized by the world as the "third force" of the Communist world. Romania's independence – achieved in the early 1960s through its
1109:
and the Warsaw Pact never directly waged war against each other in Europe; the United States and the Soviet Union and their respective allies implemented strategic policies aimed at the containment of each other in Europe, while working and fighting for influence within the wider
1052:, Mongolia remained in an observer status. In what was the first instance of a Soviet initiative being blocked by a non-Soviet member of the Warsaw Pact, Romania blocked Mongolia's accession to the Warsaw Pact. The Soviet government agreed to station troops in Mongolia in 1966.
1212:
broke down completely. Though Poland's new Solidarity government under Lech Wałęsa initially assured the Soviets that it would remain in the Pact, this broke the brackets of Eastern Europe, which could no longer be held together militarily by the Warsaw Pact. Independent
745:
West. The US Department of State started to elaborate alternatives: West Germany would be invited to join NATO or, in the case of French obstructionism, strategies to circumvent a French veto would be implemented in order to obtain German rearmament outside NATO.
3332:
World Politics: The Menu for Choice p. 87 Bruce Russett, Harvey Starr, David Kinsella – 2009 The Warsaw Pact was established in 1955 as a response to West Germany's entry into NATO; German militarism was still a recent memory among the Soviets and East
764:, the admission of the Federal Republic of Germany to the North Atlantic Pact was finally decided. The incorporation of West Germany into the organization on 9 May 1955 was described as "a decisive turning point in the history of our continent" by
3884:
1291:
formally ended the 1955 Warsaw Treaty Organization of Friendship, Cooperation and Mutual Assistance and so disestablished the Warsaw Treaty after 36 years of military alliance with the USSR. The USSR disestablished itself in December 1991.
6085:
816:
resources from eastern Europe to the Soviet Union was approximately $ 15 billion to $ 20 billion in the first decade after World War II, an amount roughly equal to the total aid provided by the United States to western Europe under the
1513:. On account of the contentious relationship between Bucharest and Moscow, the West did not hold the Soviet Union responsible for the policies pursued by Bucharest. This was not the case for the other countries in the region, such as
524:
Before the creation of the Warsaw Pact, the Czechoslovak leadership, fearful of a rearmed Germany, sought to create a security pact with East Germany and Poland. These states protested strongly against the re-militarization of
1300:
The Warsaw Treaty's organization was two-fold: the Political Consultative Committee handled political matters, and the Combined Command of Pact Armed Forces controlled the assigned multi-national forces, with headquarters in
10079:
1398:
304:
772:
at the time. In November 1954, the USSR requested a new European Security Treaty, in order to make a final attempt to not have a remilitarized West Germany potentially opposed to the Soviet Union, with no success.
10753:
10017:
1390:
277:
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6478:
5885:
The future of U.S.-Soviet relations hearings before the Committee on Foreign Relations, United States Senate, One Hundred First Congress, first session, April 4, 12, 19 and May 3, 15, 18 and June 1 and 20,
703:, was the main factor in the rejection of the Soviet proposals. Adenauer also feared that German unification might have resulted in the end of the CDU's leading political role in the West German Bundestag.
4679:
4568:
10850:
6091:
4881:
Miklós Németh in Interview with Peter Bognar, Grenzöffnung 1989: „Es gab keinen Protest aus Moskau“ (German – Border opening in 1989: There was no protest from Moscow), in: Die Presse 18 August 2014.
1501:(a communist Soviet-aligned state that was not a member of the Warsaw Pact). The Romanian regime was largely impervious to Soviet political influence, and Ceaușescu was the only declared opponent of
416:
12077:
3880:
3843:
3914:
4735:
12072:
6225:.. and a full-color section on the uniforms, nations badges and rank-insignia of the Warsaw Pact. (Later CWIHP, Heuser, and CIA FOIA documents present a much better picture of Soviet plans.)
4188:"Union of Soviet Socialist Republics--Hungarian People's Republic: Agreement on the Legal Status of the Soviet Forces Temporarily Present on the Territory of the Hungarian People's Republic"
707:
European States without regard to their social systems", which would have included the unified Germany (thus rendering the EDC obsolete). But Eden, Dulles, and Bidault opposed the proposal.
1402:
3144:. p. 158. "Treaties approving Bonn's participation in NATO were ratified in May 1955...shortly thereafter Soviet Union...created the Warsaw Pact to counter the perceived threat of NATO"
13252:
3970:
3944:
7874:
6221:
This book presents an overview of all the Warsaw Pact armed forces as well as a section on Soviet strategy, a model land campaign which the Soviet Union could have conducted against
4899:
Michael Frank: Paneuropäisches Picknick – Mit dem Picknickkorb in die Freiheit (German: Pan-European picnic – With the picnic basket to freedom), in: Süddeutsche Zeitung 17 May 2010.
4663:
In the morning hours of August 21, 1968, Soviet and Warsaw Pact tanks roll in the streets of Prague; to distinguish them from Czechoslovak tanks, they are marked with white crosses.
3687:
3462:
1452:
The Warsaw Pact before its 1968 invasion of Czechoslovakia, showing the Soviet Union and its satellites (red) and the two independent non-Soviet members: Romania and Albania (pink)
471:
in 1990. On 25 February 1991, at a meeting in Hungary, the pact was declared at an end by the defense and foreign ministers of the six remaining member states. The USSR itself was
5012:
11883:
11750:
726:. He opposed the request to join NATO made by the USSR in 1954 saying that "the Soviet request to join NATO is like an unrepentant burglar requesting to join the police force".
13232:
9361:
1283:
On 25 February 1991, the Warsaw Pact was declared disbanded at a meeting of defence and foreign ministers from remaining Pact countries meeting in Hungary. On 1 July 1991, in
436:. Both NATO and the Warsaw Pact led to the expansion of military forces and their integration into the respective blocs. The Warsaw Pact's largest military engagement was the
6055:
1358:, the eight-member countries of the Warsaw Pact pledged the mutual defense of any member who would be attacked; relations among the treaty signatories were based upon mutual
479:
shortly thereafter. In the following 20 years, the Warsaw Pact countries outside the USSR each joined NATO (East Germany through its reunification with West Germany; and the
9458:
9209:
4709:
3342:"When the Federal Republic of Germany entered NATO in early May 1955, the Soviets feared the consequences of a strengthened NATO and a rearmed West Germany". Citation from:
1272:
As the last acts of the Cold War were playing out, several Warsaw Pact states (Poland, Czechoslovakia, and Hungary) participated in the US-led coalition effort to liberate
11878:
11873:
11868:
710:
One month later, the proposed European Treaty was rejected not only by supporters of the EDC, but also by Western opponents of the European Defence Community (like French
10878:
13247:
3780:
10195:
6348:
3529:
4860:
553:
by 1955, the pact has been long considered "superfluous", and because of the rushed way in which it was conceived, NATO officials labeled it a "cardboard castle".
13242:
3179:
1521:, implicitly confirmed the lack of Soviet influence over Ceaușescu's Romania. When asked whether it made sense for him to visit Romania less than two weeks after
11265:
10888:
9999:
4675:
4572:
655:(France). Proposals for the reunification of Germany were nothing new: earlier on 20 March 1952, talks about a German reunification, initiated by the so-called '
13262:
13202:
4000:
10349:
4762:
10956:
9826:
9607:
8060:
4966:
1557:
848:
13257:
13182:
11145:
10815:
7491:
3307:
Roser, Thomas (16 August 2018). "DDR-Massenflucht: Ein Picknick hebt die Welt aus den Angeln" [Mass Exodus of the GDR: A Picnic Clears the World].
1485:
tank in December 1989 (Romania's TR-85 and TR-580 tanks were the only non-Soviet tanks in the Warsaw Pact on which restrictions were placed under the 1990
12515:
10821:
3906:
1424:
Despite the American hegemony (mainly military and economic) over NATO, all decisions of the North Atlantic Alliance required unanimous consensus in the
4084:
3836:
1137:
13102:
11302:
10894:
9354:
7539:
6324:
4792:
4731:
3032:"In reaction to West Germany's NATO accession, the Soviet Union and its Eastern European client states formed the Warsaw Pact in 1955." Citation from:
1233:
model) and induced institutional collapse of the Communist government in the USSR in 1991. From 1989 to 1991, Communist governments were overthrown in
2973:
13082:
12587:
6455:
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4818:
13122:
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8721:
7471:
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4144:
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3008:
687:(France), affirmed that "the object should be to avoid discussion with the Russians and to press on the European Defense Community". According to
624:
The USSR, fearing the restoration of German militarism in West Germany, had suggested in 1954 that it join NATO, but this was rejected by the US.
12445:
7038:
5399:"Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty, Incorporated, 1994, RFE/RL Research Report: Weekly Analyses from the RFE/RL Research Institute, Volume 3, p. 3"
3290:
432:. There was no direct military confrontation between the two organizations; instead, the conflict was fought on an ideological basis and through
4545:
13177:
13147:
13112:
12093:
10928:
9280:
6789:
6598:
6304:
5918:
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13187:
13142:
13127:
12362:
10322:
9347:
6236:
5150:
3966:
3936:
3814:
1486:
1440:
satellites, with the Pact's only direct military actions having been the invasions of its own member states to keep them from breaking away.
741:. Ratification of the EDC was delayed but the US representatives made it clear to Adenauer that the EDC would have to become a part of NATO.
448:), which, in part, resulted in Albania withdrawing from the pact less than one month later. The pact began to unravel with the spread of the
1208:, caused the mass exodus of GDR citizens and the media-informed population of Eastern Europe felt the loss of power of their rulers and the
13227:
13192:
13077:
12232:
12192:
11864:
10687:
9450:
9270:
6059:
1497:, Romania was in fact an independent country, as opposed to the rest of the Warsaw Pact. To some extent, it was even more independent than
132:
12038:
3680:
13137:
13117:
11808:
11803:
11798:
11793:
9992:
9478:
9473:
9468:
9463:
9244:
8131:
3455:
3356:
3267:
2062:; Bulgaria, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Romania, Slovenia and Slovakia joined in March 2004; Croatia and Albania joined on 1 April 2009.
3154:
13217:
13212:
12347:
11760:
9234:
5961:
5943:
12607:
12322:
12018:
10268:
10186:
9855:
9660:
9392:
9323:
6489:
Library of Congress / Federal Research Division / Country Studies / Area Handbook Series / Soviet Union / Appendix C: The Warsaw Pact
4192:
914:
613:
441:
160:
5604:
3739:
13072:
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12228:
11165:
9698:
9602:
9427:
9275:
7308:
3043:
863:
591:
6451:
Statements at Berlin Conference of Foreign Ministers of U.S.S.R., France, Great Britain and U.S.A., January 25 – February 18, 1954
4701:
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12710:
12705:
12637:
12510:
10431:
8711:
7355:
2070:
476:
74:
4052:
13062:
12970:
12152:
11745:
11357:
10856:
9985:
9802:
9554:
9492:
9204:
7476:
5038:
4890:„Der 19. August 1989 war ein Test für Gorbatschows“ (German – 19 August 1989 was a test for Gorbachev), in: FAZ 19 August 2009.
3773:
1161:
1098:
437:
5865:
5847:
13157:
12580:
12449:
11824:
11038:
10573:
9881:
9768:
9199:
7134:
6821:
6799:
6378:
6339:
6261:
6214:
5470:
5006:
4357:
4128:
3261:
3224:
2193:
1006:
8222:
12975:
12965:
12367:
12182:
12147:
11819:
11770:
10728:
10505:
10156:
9740:
8041:
7966:
7626:
7226:
4929:
4027:
1414:
963:, with Soviet consent and a "remarkable yet hardly noticed" ceremony, ceasing to exist altogether at midnight on 3 October)
832:
769:
4992:
4852:
13222:
13132:
12960:
12813:
12803:
12425:
12376:
12352:
12327:
12207:
12187:
11185:
11125:
11100:
10742:
9497:
9239:
7646:
6779:
4445:
411:
9629:
9339:
6888:
6816:
799:
The USSR concentrated on its own recovery, seizing and transferring most of Germany's industrial plants, and it exacted
12730:
12720:
12317:
12307:
12162:
12157:
12142:
12113:
12013:
10921:
9861:
9617:
9328:
8681:
7776:
6754:
6639:
6593:
6588:
6534:
5822:
5788:
5754:
5723:
5652:
5618:
5587:
5553:
5522:
5488:
5453:
5426:
5382:
5355:
5328:
5297:
5270:
5236:
5187:
5160:
4525:
4498:
4459:
4422:
4391:
4323:
4292:
3172:
2860:
2824:
1525:, Shevardnadze insisted that only by going in person to Romania could he figure out how to "restore Soviet influence".
1394:
2890:
1266:
13237:
13026:
12980:
12657:
12455:
12202:
12177:
12172:
12058:
12047:
11373:
10988:
10861:
10747:
10315:
9866:
8413:
7976:
7246:
7187:
6404:
6253:
5115:
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4163:
3940:
3344:
3084:
2944:
2089:
2078:
24:
6984:
4175:
3992:
1540:
was not the only combat jet designed and built by a non-Soviet member of the Warsaw Pact. See also Czechoslovak jet
12573:
12247:
12167:
12033:
10844:
10643:
10203:
9851:
9732:
9668:
9397:
8116:
8111:
7606:
7569:
7298:
6744:
5577:
4758:
1669:
1655:
1200:
of the Warsaw Treaty countries. The beginning of the end of the Warsaw Pact, regardless of military power, was the
931:
926:
812:
457:
175:
7794:
7656:
7340:
4958:
500:
13092:
13021:
12880:
12242:
12212:
12197:
12068:
11292:
11095:
11070:
10455:
10419:
10215:
10149:
9939:
9822:
9673:
9612:
9402:
8836:
8217:
8146:
8046:
7924:
7696:
7686:
7273:
6660:
6189:
5814:
2098:– a short, swift invasion and capture of Austria, Denmark, Germany, and the Netherlands east of the Rhine, using
1683:
1648:
1514:
1169:
943:
808:
804:
719:
472:
453:
190:
7611:
7498:
7486:
5474:
12942:
12697:
12257:
12108:
12098:
12023:
11974:
11969:
11765:
11755:
11120:
10239:
9683:
9438:
9412:
8267:
8036:
7616:
7518:
7251:
6695:
6690:
6028:
5638:
5398:
4414:
1573:
1569:
1064:
1045:
1040:
973:
968:
852:
828:
220:
7936:
7666:
7177:
6949:
4650:
3681:"Draft general European Treaty on collective security in Europe – Molotov proposal (Berlin, 10 February 1954)"
2468:
Varšavayi paymanagri kazmakerpowt’yown, barekamowt’yan, hamagorcakc’owt’yan ew p’oxadarj ògnowt’yan paymanagir
1157:. Soviet forces crushed the nationwide revolt, leading to the death of an estimated 2,500 Hungarian citizens.
13172:
13087:
12237:
12128:
12028:
10981:
10951:
10914:
10263:
10220:
9944:
9693:
9422:
9214:
8229:
8182:
7946:
7869:
7601:
6159:
5715:
4074:
2094:
1637:
1258:
1230:
1165:
1056:
1002:
997:
844:
667:, and the United States insisted that a unified Germany should not be neutral and should be free to join the
445:
424:
Dominated by the Soviet Union, the Warsaw Pact was established as a balance of power or counterweight to the
250:
7661:
7370:
7293:
6964:
4784:
358:
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11170:
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10759:
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9929:
9793:
9783:
9622:
8247:
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8126:
7986:
7904:
7900:
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7701:
7466:
7283:
7049:
6944:
6876:
5804:
5780:
3530:"Proposal of Soviet adherence to NATO as reported in the Foreign Relations of the United States Collection"
2965:
1242:
1234:
1154:
1131:
977:
761:
1564:– being surrounded by socialist states – and because its ruling party was not going to abandon communism.
1393:, which commanded and controlled all the military forces of the member countries, was also a First Deputy
691:, "there was little inclination in Western capitals to explore this offer" from the USSR, while historian
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12342:
12123:
11979:
11789:
11486:
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990:
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366:
235:
103:
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2816:
2481:
2457:Վարշավայի պայմանագրի կազմակերպություն, Բարեկամության, համագործակցության և փոխադարձ օգնության պայմանագիր
2262:
1599:
1598:
intervention if a country appeared to be "violating" core socialist ideas, i.e. breaking away from the
1338:
1173:
1093:
Soviet tanks, marked with white crosses to distinguish them from Czechoslovak tanks, on the streets of
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A 1981 "Soviet Big Seven" threats poster, displaying the equipment of the militaries of the Warsaw Pact
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530:
381:
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1410:
1373:, the Pact was a direct reflection of the USSR's authoritarianism and undisputed domination over the
918:
793:
617:
11666:
1164:, another Warsaw Pact member state, in August 1968. All member countries, with the exception of the
545:
remained a fresh memory among the Soviets and Eastern Europeans. As the Soviet Union already had an
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provided only minimal support. (Albania withdrew from the pact one month after this intervention.)
800:
628:
377:
8651:
6479:
The Woodrow Wilson Center Cold War International History Project's Warsaw Pact Document Collection
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2876:
1568:
with its commitment to socialism, this approach fails to explain why in July 1963 Romania blocked
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was established as the armed forces of the country to counter the rearmament of West Germany.
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6437:
6187:
Kramer, Mark N. "Civil-military relations in the Warsaw Pact: The East European component".
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3397:, East Germany, Hungary, Poland and Romania in forming the Warsaw Pact.". See chronology in:
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Although nominally a "defensive" alliance, the Pact's primary function was to safeguard the
541:, feared Germany being once again a military power and a direct threat. The consequences of
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6157:(1998). "Victory in a Nuclear War? A Comparison of NATO and WTO War Aims and Strategies".
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held on a random rotating basis by officials from all member countries through consensus.
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440:, its own member state, in August 1968 (with the participation of all pact nations except
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Romania: Politics, Economics and Society : Political Stagnation and Simulated Change
2852:
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959:(German Democratic Republic; officially withdrew on 24 September 1990 in preparation for
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The founding signatories of the Pact consisted of the following communist governments:
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5892:(National government publication ed.). Washington : U.S. G.P.O. p. 325
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The strategy behind the formation of the Warsaw Pact was driven by the desire of the
1553:
1399:
Chief of Combined Staff of the Unified Armed Forces of the Warsaw Treaty Organization
1246:
1205:
1142:
1072:
1049:
884:
872:
688:
643:' armies and German neutrality, but all were refused by the other foreign ministers,
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389:
388:. The term "Warsaw Pact" commonly refers to both the treaty itself and its resultant
20:
11711:
11471:
11335:
9295:
8966:
6509:
by Hugh Collins Embry. Contain extensive documentation of the Pact's first 13 years.
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Romania and, until 1968, Albania – were exceptions. Together with Yugoslavia, which
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5998:
5573:
5107:
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2432:
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2205:
1466:
4490:
The Warsaw Pact Reconsidered: International Relations in Eastern Europe, 1955–1969
3443:
The Warsaw Pact Reconsidered: International Relations in Eastern Europe, 1955–1969
3430:
The Warsaw Pact Reconsidered: International Relations in Eastern Europe, 1955–1969
3129:
The Warsaw Pact Reconsidered: International Relations in Eastern Europe, 1955–1969
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10514:
10449:
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9096:
9071:
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6680:
6667:
6619:
6449:
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6360:
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6154:
6100:
5711:
Cold War Perceptions: Romania's Policy Change towards the Soviet Union, 1960–1964
5545:
5091:
4998:
3633:
3603:
3294:
2728:
2716:
2676:
2564:
2548:
2397:
2381:
2345:
2321:
2088:
In November 2005, the Polish government opened its Warsaw Treaty archives to the
1341:
1048:
asked to join the Warsaw Pact under Article 9 of the treaty. Due to the emerging
715:
692:
680:
652:
639:
and elections for a pan-German government, under conditions of withdrawal of the
550:
313:
11636:
9977:
7263:
4988:
4921:
2054:
before and after the collapse of communism throughout Central and Eastern Europe
1288:
12662:
12520:
12475:
12430:
11676:
11661:
11656:
11616:
11581:
11491:
11481:
11043:
10798:
10765:
10754:
Treaty of Friendship, Commerce and Navigation between Austria-Hungary and Japan
10437:
10127:
10049:
10033:
9954:
9949:
9126:
9051:
9041:
9036:
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7221:
7124:
7084:
7054:
6954:
6909:
6002:
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5634:
5504:
5412:
5289:
Eastern Europe in 1968: Responses to the Prague Spring and Warsaw Pact Invasion
4315:
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3491:
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3072:
2752:
2592:
2512:
2293:
2145:
2122:
2099:
1594:
1590:
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1391:
Supreme Commander of the Unified Armed Forces of the Warsaw Treaty Organization
938:
880:
700:
684:
660:
480:
319:
11430:
6172:
4613:
3486:"1954: Soviet Union suggests it should join NATO to preserve peace in Europe.
3253:
Routledge History of International Organizations: From 1815 to the Present Day
2877:"Протокольная запись заседания Президиума ЦК КПCC (к пункту I протокола № 49)"
2046:
1385:. All Warsaw Pact commanders had to be, and have been, senior officers of the
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11671:
11591:
11461:
11405:
11281:
11200:
11028:
10569:
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9136:
9031:
8996:
8981:
8941:
8483:
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8051:
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7824:
7804:
7691:
7452:
7430:
7395:
6974:
6969:
6924:
6846:
6806:
6555:
6494:
6317:
Das rote Bündnis: Entwicklung und Zerfall des Warschauer Paktes 1955 bis 1991
6115:
6024:
6010:
5831:
5610:
5569:
5480:
5262:
4079:
3735:
3664:
The German Question: The Stalin Note of 1952 and the Problem of Reunification
3649:
The German Question: The Stalin Note of 1952 and the Problem of Reunification
3608:
The German Question: The Stalin Note of 1952 and the Problem of Reunification
3487:
2922:
2140:
2135:
2074:
1537:
1433:
1378:
1005:(the only independent permanent non-Soviet member of the Warsaw Pact, having
876:
855:(27 May 1957), ensuring that Soviet troops were deployed in these countries.
817:
765:
730:
696:
546:
484:
407:
5742:
Romania since the Second World War: A Political, Social and Economic History
3142:
The Oder-Neisse Line: The United States, Poland, and Germany in the Cold War
12925:
12845:
12798:
12495:
12372:
12138:
12083:
11854:
11696:
11611:
11516:
11442:
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10966:
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10227:
10057:
9678:
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9563:
9511:
9454:
9407:
9076:
9026:
8956:
8946:
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8788:
8775:
8581:
8408:
7909:
7157:
7007:
6866:
6861:
6856:
6562:
6396:
6321:
The Red Alliance: Development and Collapse of the Warsaw Pact: 1955 to 1991
6033:
5989:
4587:
4110:
3382:
2111:
1662:
1628:
Czechoslovak Military Parade "Shield-84" – Vojenská přehlídka ČSLA "Štít-84
1586:
1561:
1386:
1382:
1374:
1337:(left) served as the first Supreme Commander of the Pact (1955–1960) while
1209:
1020:
956:
840:
789:
729:
In April 1954, Adenauer made his first visit to the United States, meeting
648:
609:
538:
526:
429:
374:
370:
292:
265:
205:
136:
12565:
4596:"The People's Republic of China and the Warsaw Pact Organization, 1955–63"
2812:
Romania Confronts Its Communist Past: Democracy, Memory, and Moral Justice
1627:
748:
512:, Poland, where the Warsaw Pact was established and signed on 14 May 1955.
13011:
12890:
12870:
12783:
12768:
12480:
12223:
12118:
11919:
11829:
11626:
11606:
11571:
11506:
11319:
11205:
10733:
10141:
10095:
9121:
8726:
8551:
8541:
8440:
8303:
8096:
7585:
7415:
7400:
7211:
7059:
7027:
6914:
6729:
6634:
4274:
4150:
2130:
2119:– treaty that defined Finland's level of neutrality towards Soviet Union
1509:
1437:
1313:
1219:
1214:
1119:
1060:
868:
824:
656:
601:
11423:
5837:' 'The Review of Politics Volume' ', 34, No. 2 (April 1972), pp. 190–209
5077:
5065:
1067:
had observer status, but China withdrew in 1961 as a consequence of the
12895:
12411:
12401:
11894:
11726:
11686:
11466:
11400:
11307:
10025:
8880:
8591:
8561:
8515:
8430:
8398:
8390:
8333:
8021:
7736:
7425:
7313:
6919:
6198:
5668:
5347:
Internationalism and the Ideology of Soviet Influence in Eastern Europe
4213:
4187:
3309:
3058:
2082:
1334:
1115:
1071:, in which China backed Albania against the USSR as part of the larger
286:
10300:
7534:
5691:"Yong Liu, Institutul Național pentru Studiul Totalitarismului, 2006,
13001:
12756:
12485:
12470:
11631:
11384:
11351:
11346:
11231:
11180:
9717:
9580:
9371:
9176:
9021:
8870:
8843:
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3297:
Cover Story: The Holy Alliance By Carl Bernstein Sunday, 24 June 2001
3123:
3121:
1690:
1160:
The multi-national Communist armed forces' sole joint action was the
1150:
1127:
867:
Meeting of the seven representatives of the Warsaw Pact countries in
699:", referring to the Soviet Union's policies towards Finland known as
433:
6392:
La seconde histoire du nazisme dans l'Allemagne fédérale depuis 1945
6249:
A Cardboard Castle?: An Inside History of the Warsaw Pact, 1955–1991
4447:
A Cardboard Castle?: An Inside History of the Warsaw Pact, 1955–1991
4205:
2928:
NATO Transformed: The Alliance's New Roles in International Security
1532:
1344:
served as the first Chief of Combined Staff of the Pact (1955–1962).
1322:
12808:
12746:
12725:
12440:
12406:
11849:
11751:
The History of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (Bolsheviks)
11716:
11247:
11242:
10906:
8755:
8596:
8493:
8368:
8187:
8091:
7231:
7089:
6543:
4642:
3500:
3403:
3390:
2192:
Independent permanent non-Soviet member of the Warsaw Pact, having
2170:
Independent permanent non-Soviet member since 1961, because of the
1503:
1389:
at the same time and appointed for an unspecified term length: the
1370:
1277:
1225:
1111:
1084:
711:
556:
516:
385:
43:
7875:
Struggle against political abuse of psychiatry in the Soviet Union
6144:
Confrontation: The Strategic Geography of NATO and the Warsaw Pact
3118:
2537:
megobrobis, tanamshromlobisa da urtiertdakhmarebis khelshek'ruleba
537:. Soviet leaders, like many European leaders on both sides of the
12277:
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11416:
10340:
9763:
9722:
9521:
8701:
8586:
8576:
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8066:
6811:
6114:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
5476:
An Introduction to Government and Politics: A Conceptual Approach
5226:
The Enigma of 1989: The USSR and the Liberation of Eastern Europe
5204:"Office of Public Communication, Bureau of Public Affairs, 1991,
3386:
2058:
On 12 March 1999, the Czech Republic, Hungary, and Poland joined
1381:, which was not comparable to that of the United States over the
1355:
909:
753:
605:
404:(Comecon), the economic organization for the Eastern Bloc states.
401:
333:
5224:
Jacques Lévesque, University of California Press, May 28, 2021,
3584:
1560:– was tolerated by Moscow because Romania was not bordering the
12900:
12788:
11286:
11260:
9532:
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8510:
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and Poland. At the start of 1990, the Soviet foreign minister,
1448:
1302:
1284:
1273:
1094:
780:
664:
509:
362:
128:
99:
12538:
6483:
1153:
government of the withdrawal of Hungary from the Warsaw Pact,
695:
asserts that Adenauer's conviction that "neutralization means
627:
The Soviet request to join NATO arose in the aftermath of the
12875:
12632:
12053:
11253:
9254:
9210:
American espionage in the Soviet Union and Russian Federation
8716:
8499:
6578:
5421:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 102, 110 and 113–114.
5097:
3343:
2526:მეგობრობის, თანამშრომლობისა და ურთიერთდახმარების ხელშეკრულება
1482:
1362:
in the internal affairs of the member countries, respect for
676:
6029:"Poland risks Russia's wrath with Soviet nuclear attack map"
3548:
2488:
Dahavor ab druzhbye, supratsownitstvye i wzayemnay dapamozye
1354:
alliance, the Warsaw Pact differed substantially from NATO.
1155:
Soviet troops entered the country and removed the government
847:(15 April 1957; Soviet forces were later removed as part of
835:. After that, the USSR made bilateral 20-year-treaties with
520:
Conference during which the Pact was established and signed.
12652:
12103:
12088:
12063:
11008:
8794:
8676:
6568:
6512:
6222:
6209:. Cambridge, Mass.: Institute for Foreign Policy Analysis.
5098:
Fes'kov, V. I.; Kalashnikov, K. A.; Golikov, V. I. (2004).
4311:
Mitterrand, the End of the Cold War, and German Unification
3910:
3907:"Debates in the French National Assembly on 30 August 1954"
3524:
3522:
3378:
2059:
2051:
1498:
1106:
1089:
616:
withheld its support to the Warsaw Pact in 1961 due to the
572:
534:
529:. The Warsaw Pact was put in place as a consequence of the
425:
4676:"America Wasn't the Only Foreign Power in the Vietnam War"
3675:
3673:
3345:
United States Department of State, Office of the Historian
475:, although most of the former Soviet republics formed the
12932:
9249:
9229:
9224:
6362:
La seconda vita del nazismo nella Germania del dopoguerra
4109:(2014). "The Soviet Bloc and the Cold War in Europe". In
3766:
1229:
policies revealed shortcomings and failures (i.e. of the
1204:
in August 1989. The event, which goes back to an idea by
5776:
The Star and the Scepter: A Diplomatic History of Israel
3861:
3829:
3732:"Molotov's Proposal that the USSR Join NATO, March 1954"
3726:
3724:
3722:
3720:
3519:
3323:
Europa Antoni Czubiński Wydawn. Poznańskie, 1998, p. 298
2545:
Līguma par Draudzību, Sadarbību un Savstarpējo Palīdzību
2486:
2267:
1695:
976:(temporarily withdrew from 1–4 November 1956 during the
6090:(in Italian). Arnoldo Mondadori Editore. Archived from
5606:
Today's Isms: Communism, Fascism, Capitalism, Socialism
5568:
5100:
Sovetskai͡a Armii͡a v gody "kholodnoĭ voĭny," 1945–1991
3969:. United States Department of State / FRUS collection.
3754:
3705:
3670:
3560:
3336:
2586:
2506:
2448:
Dogovor o druzhbe, sotrudnichestve i vzaimnoy pomoshchi
2419:
2287:
1196:
In 1989, popular civil and political public discontent
351:
Treaty of Friendship, Cooperation and Mutual Assistance
33:
Treaty of Friendship, Cooperation and Mutual Assistance
13253:
Treaties of the People's Socialist Republic of Albania
12446:
Crimes against humanity under Marxist–Leninist regimes
5985:"Declaration of the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation"
3211:
Communism in Transition: The End of the Soviet Empires
2577:Договір про дружбу, співробітництво і взаємну допомогу
2466:
2247:
2153:– any treaty establishing close ties between countries
2125:– the USSR's influence on Finland following the treaty
400:). The Warsaw Pact was the military complement to the
13233:
Treaties establishing intergovernmental organizations
9370:
Countries of Eastern and Central Europe during their
4039:
4037:
3717:
3028:
3026:
2561:
Tratatul de Prietenie, Cooperare și Asistență Mutuală
2477:Дагавор аб дружбе, супрацоўніцтве і ўзаемнай дапамозе
2446:
2219:
6242:
5541:
Romania Since 1989: Politics, Economics, and Society
5445:
Warsaw Pact and the Balkans: Moscow's Southern Flank
5318:
Warsaw Pact and the Balkans: Moscow's Southern Flank
2995:
2993:
2991:
2960:
2958:
2956:
2690:
2359:
1192:
took place on the Hungarian-Austrian border in 1989.
792:, was allowed to re-arm by the Soviet Union and the
3929:
3448:
3377:"1955: After objecting to Germany's admission into
3165:
2763:
2603:
2569:
Zmluva o Priateľstve, Spolupráci a Vzájomnej Pomoci
2508:
Dogovor za priyatelstvo, sadeystvie i vzaimopomosht
6429:
4034:
3208:
3023:
2893:. Matica slovenská. 1997 – via Google Books.
2588:Dohovir pro druzhbu. spitrobititnitstvo i vzaiemnu
2517:Smlouva o Přátelství, Spolupráci a Vzájemné Pomoci
2437:Договор о дружбе, сотрудничестве и взаимной помощи
2010:Aircraft-carrying ships armed with cruise missiles
1691:NATO and Warsaw Pact: comparison of the two forces
631:of January–February 1954. Soviet foreign minister
10007:
6495:Map of Russia and the Warsaw Pact (omniatlas.com)
5810:Managing the Cold War: A View from the Front Line
5602:
5468:
5411:
5104:The Soviet Army in the Cold War Years (1945–1991)
4759:"Recalling the Hungarian revolution, 60 years on"
4045:"Text of the Warsaw Security Pact (see preamble)"
3959:
2988:
2953:
2905:"Milestones: 1953–1960 – Office of the Historian"
13049:
9195:List of Eastern Bloc agents in the United States
6484:Parallel History Project on Cooperative Security
3967:"US positions on German rearmament outside NATO"
2845:Cook, Bernard A.; Cook, Bernard Anthony (2001).
2605:Do'stlik, hamkorlik va o'zaro yordam shartnomasi
2553:Układ o Przyjaźni, Współpracy i Pomocy Wzajemnej
2497:Договор за приятелство, съдействие и взаимопомощ
1701:Data published by the two alliances (1988–1989)
483:and Slovakia as separate countries), as did the
181:
7632:North Yemen-South Yemen Border conflict of 1972
7039:On the Cult of Personality and Its Consequences
6286:Germany Divided: From the Wall to Reunification
5285:
5182:. Stanford University Press. pp. 140–143.
4922:"Warsaw Pact and Comecon To Dissolve This Week"
4176:History of Romania#Communist period (1947–1989)
3837:"Memo by Lord Ismay, Secretary General of NATO"
3774:"Final text of tripartite reply to Soviet note"
3245:
3243:
1114:on the international stage. These included the
12638:Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO)
10879:Treaties of the Kingdom of Hungary (1922–1946)
5179:The Diffusion of Military Technology and Ideas
5176:Goldman, Emily O.; Eliason, Leslie C. (2003).
5175:
5149:Ben-Dor, Gabriel; Dewitt, David Brian (1987).
5066:"Differences Between Nato and the Warsaw Pact"
4785:"Soviets Invade Czechoslovakia – Aug 20, 1968"
4560:
4239:
4237:
4235:
4233:
4231:
2805:
2597:До'стлик, ҳамкорлик ва о'заро ёрдам шартномаси
2524:
2305:
467:East Germany withdrew from the pact following
256:
196:
16:Eastern European military alliance (1955–1991)
13263:Treaties of the Socialist Republic of Romania
13248:Treaties of the People's Republic of Bulgaria
13203:Military alliances involving the Soviet Union
12581:
12363:Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine
10957:Aggravation of class struggle under socialism
10922:
10316:
10157:
9993:
9548:
9355:
6528:
6237:International Institute for Strategic Studies
6207:The Warsaw Pact: Arms, Doctrine, and Strategy
6017:
5418:Soviet Strategy and the New Military Thinking
5148:
2194:freed itself from its Soviet satellite status
2069:and some other post-Soviet states joined the
1609:
1007:freed itself from its Soviet satellite status
921:, but formally withdrew on 13 September 1968)
452:through the Eastern Bloc, beginning with the
9271:Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War
6822:Incapacitation of the Allied Control Council
6367:The Second Life of Nazism in Postwar Germany
6060:International Relations and Security Network
5603:Ebenstein, William; Fogelman, Edwin (1980).
4909:The New Fontana Dictionary of Modern Thought
4853:"Polish Army: Enigma in the Soviet Alliance"
4542:"Soviet Troops to Leave Mongolia in 2 Years"
3249:
3240:
3202:
3200:
2848:Europe Since 1945: An Encyclopedia, Volume 2
831:, a Warsaw Pact member state, and violently
13243:Treaties of the Hungarian People's Republic
13183:Military alliances involving Czechoslovakia
12595:
10889:Treaties of the Hungarian People's Republic
8132:1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre
6500:Soviet Nuclear Weapons in Hungary 1961–1991
5377:. Princeton University Press. p. XVI.
4520:. Cambridge University Press. p. 398.
4440:
4228:
3899:
3873:
3804:
3655:
3640:
3596:
3093:
756:, used by most countries of the Warsaw Pact
12588:
12574:
11761:Economic Problems of Socialism in the USSR
10929:
10915:
10323:
10309:
10171:
10164:
10150:
10000:
9986:
9555:
9541:
9362:
9348:
9235:United States involvement in regime change
6790:1947–1948 civil war in Mandatory Palestine
6535:
6521:
5958:"NATO Update: Seven new members join NATO"
5350:. Cambridge University Press. p. 51.
5286:McDermott, Kevin; Stibbe, Matthew (2018).
4953:
4902:
4245:"The Warsaw Pact is formed – May 14, 1955"
4146:Warum steht in Polen eine Sowjet-Garnison?
3661:
3646:
3602:
3206:
3106:
3064:
1149:In 1956, following the declaration of the
1031:
166:
12653:North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
12323:Communist Party of the Russian Federation
10895:Treaties of the Third Republic of Hungary
10269:Army of the Socialist Republic of Romania
6424:
6083:
5803:
5673:"Max Ascoli, Reporter Magazine, Company,
5206:US Department of State Dispatch, Volume 2
4914:
4406:
4193:The American Journal of International Law
4024:Indivisible Germany: Illusion or Reality?
3867:
3666:. Columbia University Press. p. 103.
3197:
917:(withheld support in 1961 because of the
241:
211:
151:
13258:Treaties of the Polish People's Republic
13083:Cold War alliances and military strategy
12456:Criticism of Marxist–Leninist party rule
11166:General Secretary of the Communist Party
9699:Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia
6444:
6098:
5707:
5503:
5220:
5060:
5058:
5056:
4949:
4947:
4819:"Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia"
4812:
4810:
4756:
4566:
4517:Cold Wars: Asia, the Middle East, Europe
4407:Gray, Richard T.; Wilke, Sabine (1996).
3760:
3711:
3651:. Columbia University Press. p. 80.
3630:We Know Now: Rethinking Cold War History
3590:
3578:
3566:
3554:
3033:
2844:
2045:
1558:freeing from its Soviet satellite status
1531:
1476:
1447:
1183:
1136:
1088:
862:
779:
747:
555:
515:
499:
226:
12658:Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO)
12348:Kampuchean People's Revolutionary Party
10330:
7361:Transition to the New Order (Indonesia)
5738:
5374:Dynamics of Communism in Eastern Europe
5251:
5035:"How the Russians Used the Warsaw Pact"
4847:
4436:
4434:
4338:
4280:Longman Companion to Germany Since 1945
3068:The Future of European Alliance Systems
2071:Collective Security Treaty Organization
547:armed presence and political domination
477:Collective Security Treaty Organization
75:Collective Security Treaty Organization
13050:
12426:All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)
11746:Dialectical and Historical Materialism
11358:Socialism with Chinese characteristics
9803:Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia
9205:Russian espionage in the United States
7477:Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia
6153:
6056:"Poland reveals Warsaw Pact war plans"
5942:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
5866:"NATO and Warsaw Pact begin exercises"
5848:"Communist bloc war games in Bulgaria"
5667:
5633:
5512:The Balkans Since the Second World War
5343:
5152:Conflict Management in the Middle East
4410:German Unification and Its Discontents
4372:
4105:
3881:"The refusal to ratify the EDC Treaty"
3624:
3618:
3349:"The Warsaw Treaty Organization, 1955"
2249:Varšavayi pazmanagri kazmakerpowt’yown
1443:
1179:
1162:Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia
1145:between NATO and the Warsaw Pact, 1981
1099:Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia
1078:
915:People's Socialist Republic of Albania
438:Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia
402:Council for Mutual Economic Assistance
334:Council for Mutual Economic Assistance
13178:Military alliances involving Bulgaria
13148:International political organizations
13113:Foreign relations of the Soviet Union
13103:Czechoslovakia–Soviet Union relations
12569:
11825:Industrialization in the Soviet Union
10910:
10371:Personal union of Hungary and Croatia
10304:
10145:
9981:
9769:1949 East German State Railway strike
9741:World Federation of Democratic Youth
9536:
9343:
9200:Soviet espionage in the United States
7356:Indonesian mass killings of 1965–1966
7135:Consolidation of the Cuban Revolution
6800:1948 Palestinian expulsion and flight
6516:
6474:. North Atlantic Treaty Organization.
6204:
6105:(in Italian). Ed. di cultura sociale.
5982:
5769:
5537:
5370:
5053:
4987:
4981:
4944:
4863:from the original on 20 December 2017
4807:
4757:Percival, Matthew (23 October 2016).
4593:
4513:
4486:
4028:Springer Science & Business Media
4021:
3937:"US positions on alternatives to EDC"
3817:from the original on 16 February 2017
3693:from the original on 22 February 2014
3536:from the original on 22 February 2014
3359:from the original on 28 November 2015
3306:
3011:from the original on 23 December 2015
2976:from the original on 23 December 2015
2238:Վարշավայի պայմանագրի կազմակերպություն
1696:NATO and Warsaw Pact forces in Europe
13208:Organizations disestablished in 1991
13198:Military alliances involving Romania
13188:Military alliances involving Hungary
13143:International military organizations
12368:Sandinista National Liberation Front
11820:Collectivization in the Soviet Union
10936:
10816:Treaty of Brest-Litovsk with Ukraine
9640:Soviet response to the Marshall Plan
9276:Soviet Union–United States relations
7627:1972 visit by Richard Nixon to China
6388:
6023:
5693:Sino-Romanian Relations: 1950s–1960s
5441:
5312:
4816:
4548:from the original on 10 October 2018
4431:
4307:
4273:
3973:from the original on 2 February 2014
3947:from the original on 2 February 2014
3917:from the original on 2 February 2014
3887:from the original on 2 February 2014
3807:"Soviets tried to join Nato in 1954"
3742:from the original on 2 February 2014
3178:. United Nations Treaty Collection.
2921:
2840:
2838:
2836:
2801:
2799:
2797:
2183:Formally withdrew in September 1990.
2157:
2102:after a supposed NATO first strike.
1415:Chair of the NATO Military Committee
1172:, participated in the invasion. The
575:countries (May 1982 to October 1990)
13228:Treaties entered into force in 1955
13193:Military alliances involving Poland
13123:East Germany–Soviet Union relations
12377:Militarized Communist Party of Peru
12328:Communist Party of the Soviet Union
11126:Socialist state of the whole people
10743:Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867
9240:Soviet involvement in regime change
5041:from the original on 23 August 2018
5015:from the original on 1 January 2016
4969:from the original on 23 August 2018
4795:from the original on 23 August 2018
4765:from the original on 23 August 2018
4738:from the original on 23 August 2018
4712:from the original on 23 August 2018
4594:Lüthi, Lorenz M. (8 October 2007).
4468:from the original on 23 August 2018
4255:from the original on 18 August 2018
4087:from the original on 23 August 2018
4003:from the original on 6 January 2012
3456:"Soviet Union request to join NATO"
3270:from the original on 1 January 2016
3185:from the original on 2 October 2013
2966:"Formation of Nato and Warsaw Pact"
2041:
13:
13118:Former international organizations
12731:International relations since 1989
12721:Diplomatic history of World War II
12643:International Criminal Court (ICC)
12516:State ideology of the Soviet Union
12318:Communist Party of the Philippines
12308:Communist Party of India (Marxist)
10857:U.S.–Hungarian Peace Treaty (1921)
9862:Sovietization of the Baltic states
9281:Soviet Union–United States summits
6755:1947 Polish parliamentary election
6640:Guerrilla war in the Baltic states
6456:Foreign Languages Publishing House
6297:
6193:. Vol. 61, No. 1, Winter 1984–85.
6135:
5964:from the original on 12 March 2018
5924:from the original on 12 April 2019
5258:The End of the Cold War: 1985–1991
4932:from the original on 4 August 2012
4514:Lüthi, Lorenz M. (19 March 2020).
4075:"No shooting please, we're German"
3786:from the original on 11 March 2012
3468:from the original on 11 March 2012
3046:from the original on 26 March 2017
1871:Armored infantry fighting vehicles
1377:, in the context of the so-called
770:Foreign Affairs Minister of Norway
426:North Atlantic Treaty Organization
14:
13274:
13213:Organizations established in 1955
13027:International political sociology
11374:Scientific Outlook on Development
10989:Commanding heights of the economy
10862:Covenant of the League of Nations
9733:World Federation of Trade Unions
8042:Lord's Resistance Army insurgency
7977:United States invasion of Grenada
7247:Guinea-Bissau War of Independence
7188:Expulsion of Soviets from Albania
6464:
6254:Central European University Press
5510:R. J. Crampton, Routledge, 2014,
5221:Lévesque, Jacques (28 May 2021).
4911:, third edition, 1999, pp. 637–38
4682:from the original on 12 June 2018
4452:Central European University Press
4164:Group of Soviet Forces in Germany
3993:"West Germany accepted into Nato"
3941:United States Department of State
3849:from the original on 4 March 2016
2833:
2794:
2745:Організації варшавського договору
2657:Организация на Варшавския договор
2090:Institute of National Remembrance
2079:Shanghai Cooperation Organisation
1198:toppled the Communist governments
1141:Protest in Amsterdam against the
871:in May 1987. From left to right:
833:put down the Hungarian Revolution
13128:History of Poland (1989–present)
12549:
12537:
12353:Lao People's Revolutionary Party
11771:Fundamentals of Marxism–Leninism
11146:Civilian control of the military
11101:People's democratic dictatorship
10644:Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle (1748)
10289:
10274:
10262:
10250:
10238:
10226:
10214:
10202:
10185:
10069:
9950:January 1991 events in Lithuania
9608:Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina
9562:
9437:
9381:
8117:United States invasion of Panama
7967:1982 Ethiopian–Somali Border War
7607:1971 Turkish military memorandum
7570:Communist insurgency in Thailand
7540:Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty
7472:Communist insurgency in Malaysia
7299:Assassination of John F. Kennedy
7227:Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation
6745:Restatement of Policy on Germany
6233:The Evolution of the Warsaw Pact
6109:
6048:
5976:
5950:
5904:
5876:
5858:
5840:
5797:
5763:
5732:
5701:
5683:
5661:
5627:
5596:
5562:
5531:
5497:
5462:
5435:
5405:
5391:
5364:
5337:
5306:
5279:
5245:
5155:. Lexington Books. p. 242.
4997:. Trans. Paul Wilson. New York:
4732:"The Hungarian Uprising of 1956"
4653:from the original on 8 July 2019
4379:Germany in the Twentieth Century
4116:A Companion to Europe Since 1945
4055:from the original on 15 May 2013
3494:reject this". See chronology in:
3215:. Taylor & Francis. p.
3065:Broadhurst, Arlene Idol (1982).
2645:Арганізацыя Варшаўскага Дагавора
2621:Организация Варшавского договора
1622:
1321:
1312:
1217:politics made feasible with the
1033:
1013:
996:
984:
967:
949:
937:
925:
908:
258:
243:
228:
213:
198:
183:
168:
153:
51:
42:
13078:Bulgaria–Soviet Union relations
13073:20th-century military alliances
13022:International political economy
11096:Dictatorship of the proletariat
11071:Theory of the productive forces
10456:Peace Treaty of Wiener Neustadt
9674:Czechoslovak Socialist Republic
8837:Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty
8218:Dissolution of the Soviet Union
8147:Fall of the inner German border
8047:1988 Black Sea bumping incident
7697:Strategic Arms Limitation Talks
7687:Spanish transition to democracy
7647:1972–1975 Bangladesh insurgency
7274:Communist insurgency in Sarawak
6780:Indo-Pakistani War of 1947–1948
6661:Occupation of the Baltic states
6432:Konrad Adenauer Memoirs 1945–53
5815:Royal United Services Institute
5214:
5196:
5169:
5142:
5124:
5027:
4893:
4884:
4875:
4841:
4777:
4750:
4724:
4702:"Crisis Points of the Cold War"
4694:
4668:
4647:Austria 1989 – Year of Miracles
4635:
4534:
4507:
4480:
4400:
4366:
4332:
4301:
4267:
4180:
4168:
4156:
4137:
4099:
4067:
4015:
3985:
3798:
3507:from the original on 4 May 2012
3480:
3435:
3422:
3410:from the original on 4 May 2012
3371:
3326:
3317:
3300:
3282:
3147:
3134:
2897:
2765:Varshava shartnomasi tashkiloti
2709:Varšuvos Sutarties Organizacija
2669:Varssavi Lepingu Organisatsioon
2610:
2077:in 1996, which was renamed the
1395:Minister of Defence of the USSR
1350:Although an apparently similar
944:Czechoslovak Socialist Republic
752:A typical Soviet military jeep
13138:Hungary–Soviet Union relations
12048:People's Republic of Kampuchea
11766:A Critique of Soviet Economics
11121:State of socialist orientation
7617:Four Power Agreement on Berlin
7252:Mozambican War of Independence
6691:Indonesian National Revolution
6205:Lewis, William Julian (1982).
6076:
5582:. Prentice-Hall. p. 683.
5371:Burks, Richard Voyles (2015).
4415:University of Washington Press
3101:Dictionary of Historical Terms
2883:
2869:
2536:
2426:
2317:
2199:
2186:
2177:
2164:
1920:Armored vehicle launch bridges
1366:, and political independence.
620:and formally withdrew in 1968.
560:The Iron Curtain (black line)
1:
13218:Poland–Soviet Union relations
13063:1955 establishments in Poland
10982:Soviet-type economic planning
10952:Administrative-command system
10748:Croatian–Hungarian Settlement
9955:January 1991 events in Latvia
9945:Dissolution of Czechoslovakia
9694:Socialist Republic of Romania
9669:People's Republic of Bulgaria
9661:People's Republic of Albania
9630:1948 Czechoslovak coup d'état
9215:CIA and the Cultural Cold War
8230:Dissolution of Czechoslovakia
8183:Min Ping Yu No. 5540 incident
7905:1984 Summer Olympics boycotts
7870:Seven Days to the River Rhine
7602:Corrective Revolution (Egypt)
6889:March 1949 Syrian coup d'état
6817:1948 Czechoslovak coup d'état
6160:Contemporary European History
6099:Molotov, Vyacheslav (1954a).
5716:Cambridge Scholars Publishing
5415:; Dickinson, Timothy (1992).
4959:"Death Knell for Warsaw Pact"
3581:, pp. 197–198, 203, 212.
2933:U.S. Institute of Peace Press
2783:
2733:Organizácia Varšavskej Zmluvy
2095:Seven Days to the River Rhine
1287:, the Czechoslovak President
1231:soviet-type economic planning
1166:Socialist Republic of Romania
1003:Socialist Republic of Romania
932:People's Republic of Bulgaria
788:One of the founding members,
495:
13158:Politics of the Soviet Union
12990:Related fields and subfields
12313:Communist Party of Kampuchea
11935:Hungarian Revolution of 1956
11860:Chinese Communist Revolution
11171:Highest organ of state power
11034:Proletarian internationalism
10760:League of the Three Emperors
10688:Principality of Transylvania
10377:Hungarian–Byzantine Treaties
9940:Collapse of the Soviet Union
9930:Fall of communism in Albania
8208:Fall of communism in Albania
8178:Mongolian Revolution of 1990
8127:Polish Round Table Agreement
7467:1968 Polish political crisis
7284:Eritrean War of Independence
7050:Hungarian Revolution of 1956
6945:East German uprising of 1953
6877:Chinese Communist Revolution
6542:
5781:University of Nebraska Press
5344:Valdez, Jonathan C. (1993).
5231:. Univ of California Press.
4569:"Warsaw Treaty Organization"
3805:Ian Traynor (17 June 2001).
2788:
2757:Варшава шартномаси ташкилоти
2633:Varşava Müqaviləsi Təşkilatı
2174:, formally withdrew in 1968.
1965:Submarines (nuclear powered)
1295:
1170:People's Republic of Albania
1026:
305:Chief of combined staff
7:
12343:Indochinese Communist Party
11980:Maoist insurgency in Turkey
11975:New People's Army rebellion
11756:Britain's Road to Socialism
11081:Wars of national liberation
10778:Budapest Convention of 1877
10593:Treaty of Adrianople (1568)
10432:Hungarian–Neapolitan Treaty
10426:Hungarian–Lithuanian Treaty
9915:End of communism in Hungary
9684:Hungarian People's Republic
8082:Korean Air Lines Flight 007
7810:Korean Air Lines Flight 902
7555:Corrective Movement (Syria)
7519:New People's Army rebellion
7514:Sino-Soviet border conflict
7242:Angolan War of Independence
7105:Second Taiwan Strait Crisis
6985:1954 Guatemalan coup d'état
6630:Jamaican political conflict
6472:"What was the Warsaw Pact?"
6369:] (in Italian). Turin:
6323:] (in German). Berlin:
5106:] (in Russian). Tomsk:
4708:. Boundless World History.
3001:"The Warsaw Pact is formed"
2764:
2691:
2604:
2587:
2507:
2487:
2467:
2447:
2420:
2360:
2288:
2268:
2248:
2220:
2117:Finno-Soviet Treaty of 1948
2105:
1602:, explicitly stated in the
1580:
1552:Romania was neutral in the
1458:broke with the Soviet Union
1332:Marshal of the Soviet Union
1046:Mongolian People's Republic
974:Hungarian People's Republic
565: Warsaw Pact countries
10:
13279:
13223:Treaties concluded in 1955
13133:Military history of Warsaw
13032:Peace and conflict studies
12648:Non-Aligned Movement (NAM)
12461:Marxist schools of thought
12388:Portuguese Communist Party
12333:Communist Party of Vietnam
11326:Kaysone Phomvihane Thought
10884:Paris Peace Treaties, 1947
10828:Treaty of Bucharest (1918)
10588:Truce of Adrianople (1547)
10409:1302–1526 (Middle ages to
10221:Czechoslovak People's Army
9679:German Democratic Republic
8278:Sino-Indian border dispute
8107:First Nagorno-Karabakh War
8037:1987–1989 JVP insurrection
7795:1976 Argentine coup d'état
7707:Turkish invasion of Cyprus
7657:1973 Uruguayan coup d'état
7341:1964 Brazilian coup d'état
7309:Cyprus crisis of 1963–1964
6998:First Taiwan Strait Crisis
6765:Asian Relations Conference
6506:The Warsaw Pact, 1955–1968
6417:
6290:Princeton University Press
6279:Cambridge University Press
6084:Adenauer, Konrad (1966a).
6003:10.1177/000944550203800118
4643:"1968 – The Prague Spring"
3256:. Routledge. p. 369.
2817:Cambridge University Press
1820:Tactical missile launchers
1610:Notable military exercises
1600:Soviet sphere of influence
1493:Even before the advent of
1403:Chief of the General Staff
1174:German Democratic Republic
1082:
858:
849:Romania's de-satellization
669:European Defence Community
490:
473:dissolved in December 1991
412:Excessive citations inline
394:Warsaw Treaty Organization
382:Central and Eastern Europe
18:
12989:
12941:
12739:
12696:
12671:
12625:
12616:
12603:
12533:
12419:
12395:
12338:Communist Party of Malaya
12293:Communist Party of Brazil
12266:
12007:
11990:Internal conflict in Peru
11783:
11734:
11455:
11266:Kimilsungism–Kimjongilism
11214:
11176:Leading role of the party
11133:
11111:National-democratic state
11106:People's democratic state
11089:
10944:
10871:
10833:Armistice of Villa Giusti
10727:
10697:
10682:
10649:First Partition of Poland
10583:
10564:
10525:Franco-Hungarian alliance
10500:
10408:
10359:
10350:Legend of the white horse
10338:
10287:
10180:
10078:
10067:
10016:
9890:
9867:Information dissemination
9844:
9794:1956 Hungarian Revolution
9784:1953 East German uprising
9752:
9710:
9653:
9590:
9570:
9507:
9488:
9446:
9435:
9388:
9379:
9314:
9263:
9185:
9162:William Appleman Williams
9107:Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr.
8889:
8861:
8810:
8742:
8735:
8669:
8534:
8459:
8389:
8382:
8291:
8238:
8170:
7883:
7622:Bangladesh Liberation War
7612:1971 Sudanese coup d'état
7527:
7499:1969 Sudanese coup d'état
7487:1968 Peruvian coup d'état
7150:
6925:Arab Cold War (1952–1979)
6902:
6612:
6550:
6246:; Byrne, Malcolm (2005).
6173:10.1017/S0960777300004264
6127:Federal Research Division
5316:Jonathan Eyal, Springer,
5292:. Springer. p. 195.
4926:Christian Science Monitor
4734:. History Learning Site.
4706:courses.lumenlearning.com
4614:10.1080/14682740701621762
4567:ABC-CLIO (3 March 1990).
4544:. Reuters. 3 March 1990.
4493:. Routledge. p. 77.
4476:– via Google Books.
4444:; Byrne, Malcolm (2005).
3662:Steininger, Rolf (1991).
3647:Steininger, Rolf (1991).
3612:Columbia University Press
3036:"A short history of NATO"
2756:
2744:
2720:
2680:
2656:
2644:
2620:
2596:
2576:
2525:
2496:
2476:
2456:
2436:
2409:
2349:
2306:
2277:
2257:
2237:
2209:
1712:
1707:
1621:
1616:
1417:are positions with fixed
1411:Secretary General of NATO
600:The black dot represents
329:
302:
275:
142:
124:
109:
95:
80:
70:
62:
50:
41:
13238:Treaties of East Germany
12303:Communist Party of India
12273:Albanian Party of Labour
11396:Bill of Rights socialism
11049:Socialism in one country
11019:Marxist–Leninist atheism
10491:First Congress of Vienna
10080:Chiefs of Combined Staff
9852:Emigration and defection
9689:Polish People's Republic
7937:1980 Turkish coup d'état
7772:Cambodian–Vietnamese War
7742:1978 Somali coup attempt
7702:Second Iraqi–Kurdish War
7667:1973 Chilean coup d'état
7492:Revolutionary Government
7386:South African Border War
7178:1960 Turkish coup d'état
7095:Iraqi 14 July Revolution
6950:1953 Iranian coup d'état
6930:1952 Egyptian revolution
6275:East Germany and Détente
6102:La conferenza di Berlino
5739:Abraham, Florin (2016).
5708:Dragomir, Elena (2015).
5579:Civilization in the West
5572:; Christopher, John B.;
5538:Carey, Henry F. (2004).
5448:. Springer. p. 74.
4340:Winkler, Heinrich August
4022:Wolfe, James H. (2012).
3593:, pp. 211–212, 216.
3293:23 December 2015 at the
3115:, 5th ed. (1993) p. 2926
2073:(CSTO) in 1992, and the
2025:Amphibious warfare ships
1401:was also a First Deputy
1132:Cambodian–Vietnamese War
991:Polish People's Republic
839:(17 December 1956), the
722:, a fierce supporter of
531:rearming of West Germany
384:in May 1955, during the
19:Not to be confused with
13007:Foreign policy analysis
12819:International community
12597:International relations
12511:State ideology of China
12383:Workers' Party of Korea
12298:Communist Party of Cuba
12288:Chinese Communist Party
11945:Portuguese Colonial War
11741:Foundations of Leninism
11293:Marxism–Leninism–Maoism
11004:Dialectical materialism
10822:Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
10805:Treaty of London (1913)
10784:Treaty of Berlin (1878)
10598:Treaty of Vienna (1606)
10543:Confessio Pentapolitana
10339:9–10th century (age of
10245:Hungarian People's Army
10209:Bulgarian People's Army
9910:Fall of the Berlin Wall
9836:1981 protests in Kosovo
9774:Rebellion of Cazin 1950
8142:Fall of the Berlin Wall
8087:People Power Revolution
8072:Central American crisis
8012:1986 Black Sea incident
7662:1973 Afghan coup d'état
7560:Western Sahara conflict
7371:1966 Syrian coup d'état
7294:1963 Syrian coup d'état
7237:Portuguese Colonial War
7200:First Iraqi–Kurdish War
6965:1954 Syrian coup d'état
6842:Annexation of Hyderabad
6785:1947–1949 Palestine war
6150:& Kegan Paul, 1986.
5675:The Reporter, Volume 33
5442:Eyal, Jonathan (1989).
5313:Eyal, Jonathan (1989).
4487:Crump, Laurien (2015).
4350:Oxford University Press
3497:"Fast facts about NATO"
3400:"Fast facts about NATO"
3353:Office of the Historian
3131:. Routledge, pp. 21–22.
3113:The Columbia Enclopedia
2809:; Stan, Marius (2018).
1995:Aircraft-carrying ships
1434:Soviet Union's hegemony
1409:. On the contrary, the
635:made proposals to have
417:considered for deletion
57:The Warsaw Pact in 1990
13093:Cold War organizations
12233:Bosnia and Herzegovina
11567:Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej
11477:Khorloogiin Choibalsan
10845:Armistice with Romania
10794:Triple Alliance (1882)
10661:Treaty of Campo Formio
10233:National People's Army
10192:Albanian People's Army
8436:Neoclassical economics
7947:Gulf of Sidra incident
7504:1969 Libyan revolution
7195:Iraqi–Kurdish conflict
6980:1954 Geneva Conference
6740:Turkish straits crisis
6735:Corfu Channel incident
5983:Sahai, Kajari (2002).
5110:Publisher. p. 6.
4994:To the Castle and Back
3441:Laurien Crump (2015).
3428:Laurien Crump (2015).
3127:Laurien Crump (2015).
2732:
2708:
2692:Varşava kelisimi uýımı
2681:Варшава келісімі ұйымы
2668:
2632:
2568:
2560:
2552:
2544:
2516:
2401:
2393:
2385:
2377:
2369:
2341:
2333:
2325:
2297:
2229:
2055:
1905:Other armored vehicles
1545:
1490:
1453:
1426:North Atlantic Council
1193:
1146:
1102:
900:
794:National People's Army
785:
757:
621:
521:
513:
12476:Post-Marxism–Leninism
12358:Nepal Communist Party
11955:Nicaraguan Revolution
11925:Albanian–Soviet split
11622:Mengistu Haile Mariam
11161:Democratic centralism
11151:Collective leadership
10626:Treaty of Passarowitz
10468:Treaty of Brno (1478)
9960:Breakup of Yugoslavia
9286:Russia–NATO relations
9167:Jonathan Reed Winkler
8451:Democratic capitalism
8446:Supply-side economics
8414:American conservatism
8213:Breakup of Yugoslavia
8102:Bougainville conflict
8017:South Yemen civil war
7952:Martial law in Poland
7815:Nicaraguan Revolution
7790:Dirty War (Argentina)
7597:1971 JVP insurrection
7411:Years of Lead (Italy)
7289:North Yemen civil war
7207:Berlin Crisis of 1961
7183:Albanian–Soviet split
7115:1959 Tibetan uprising
7080:Syrian Crisis of 1957
6935:Iraqi Intifada (1952)
6795:1948 Arab–Israeli War
6438:Henry Regnery Company
6389:Wahl, Alfred (2006).
6190:International Affairs
5747:Bloomsbury Publishing
5070:Atlantische Tijdingen
4817:Nosowska, Agnieszka.
4556:– via LA Times.
4308:Bozo, Édéric (2009).
3532:. UWDC FRUS Library.
3355:. history.state.gov.
3250:Bob Reinalda (2009).
3173:"Text of Warsaw Pact"
3071:. Boulder, Colorado:
2721:Варшавa келишими уюму
2394:Pactul de la Varșovia
2289:Varshavskiyat dogovor
2172:Albanian–Soviet split
2085:'s addition in 2001.
2065:The USSR's successor
2049:
1786:Total strike aircraft
1654:Operation "Rhodope" (
1574:Soviet disinformation
1535:
1480:
1451:
1187:
1140:
1092:
1069:Albanian-Soviet split
919:Albanian–Soviet split
866:
783:
751:
618:Soviet–Albanian split
559:
549:all over its eastern
519:
503:
460:in June 1989 and the
113:1 July 1991
84:14 May 1955
13088:Cold War terminology
12997:Comparative politics
12556:Communism portal
12544:Socialism portal
12043:Democratic Kampuchea
11950:Black Power movement
11915:Non-Aligned Movement
11054:Socialist patriotism
10851:Bill of dethronement
10810:Armistice of Focșani
10789:Dual Alliance (1879)
10772:Reichstadt Agreement
10667:Treaty of Schönbrunn
10603:Peace of Zsitvatorok
10257:Polish People's Army
9808:1970 Polish protests
9789:1956 Poznań protests
9654:Soviet-allied states
8707:Non-Aligned Movement
8329:Peaceful coexistence
8283:North Borneo dispute
8198:German reunification
8193:Min Ping Yu No. 5202
7891:Salvadoran Civil War
7840:Grand Mosque seizure
7835:Yemenite War of 1979
7727:Mozambican Civil War
7682:Carnation Revolution
7637:Yemenite War of 1972
7575:1970 Polish protests
7406:1967 Hong Kong riots
7381:Argentine Revolution
7331:Guatemalan Civil War
7259:Cuban Missile Crisis
7173:Bay of Pigs Invasion
7045:1956 Poznań protests
7023:Geneva Summit (1955)
6625:Hukbalahap Rebellion
6604:Non-Aligned Movement
6395:(in French). Paris:
6027:(26 November 2005).
4928:. 26 February 1991.
4200:(1): 215–221. 1958.
3557:, pp. 197, 201.
2891:"Slovenské pohl'ady"
2853:Taylor & Francis
2807:Tismaneanu, Vladimir
2151:Treaty of friendship
1364:national sovereignty
1124:Bay of Pigs invasion
1075:of the early 1960s.
1044:: In July 1963, the
978:Hungarian Revolution
961:German reunification
683:(West Germany), and
596:Non-Aligned Movement
469:German reunification
12779:Collective security
12663:United Nations (UN)
12466:National Bolshevism
12000:Revolutions of 1989
11985:Sino-Albanian split
11970:Naxalite insurgency
11960:Cultural Revolution
11840:Great Patriotic War
11692:Nur Muhammad Taraki
11238:Ho Chi Minh Thought
11156:Cult of personality
10994:Developed socialism
10708:Treaty of Pressburg
10702:Peace of Nikolsburg
10620:Treaty of Karlowitz
10531:Treaty of Nagyvárad
10485:Treaty of Pressburg
10399:Treaty of Pressburg
10332:Treaties of Hungary
10281:Soviet Armed Forces
9925:Romanian revolution
9898:Revolutions of 1989
9779:1953 Plzeň uprising
9152:Alex von Tunzelmann
9142:Vladimir Tismăneanu
9067:Thomas J. McCormick
9062:Jack F. Matlock Jr.
8962:Robert Hugh Ferrell
8825:Crusade for Freedom
8622:Illiberal democracy
8506:Ho Chi Minh Thought
8309:Eisenhower Doctrine
8162:Peaceful Revolution
8157:Romanian Revolution
8137:Revolutions of 1989
8122:1988 Polish strikes
8032:Operation INFEKTION
8027:1987 Lieyu massacre
7932:Eritrean Civil Wars
7915:Peruvian Revolution
7865:1979 Herat uprising
7855:Sino-Vietnamese War
7820:Uganda–Tanzania War
7800:Egyptian–Libyan War
7767:Third Indochina War
7762:Sino-Albanian split
7752:Ethiopian Civil War
7652:Eritrean Civil Wars
7592:Ping-pong diplomacy
7565:Cambodian Civil War
7391:Korean DMZ Conflict
7376:Cultural Revolution
7346:Dominican Civil War
7324:Tlatelolco massacre
7110:1959 Mosul uprising
7100:1958 Lebanon crisis
6827:Al-Wathbah uprising
6750:First Indochina War
6720:Iran crisis of 1946
6446:Molotov, Vyacheslav
6284:McAdams, A. James.
6229:Mackintosh, Malcolm
4849:Trainor, Bernard E.
4083:. 13 October 2012.
3943:/ FRUS collection.
3207:Amos Yoder (1993).
3159:www.php.isn.ethz.ch
2421:Varshavskyi dohovir
2410:Варшавський договір
2278:Варшавският договор
2196:by the early 1960s.
1980:Large surface ships
1935:Air defense systems
1702:
1519:Eduard Shevardnadze
1444:Romania and Albania
1407:Soviet Armed Forces
1352:collective security
1202:Pan-European Picnic
1190:Pan-European Picnic
1180:End of the Cold War
1079:During the Cold War
1009:by the early 1960s)
893:Wojciech Jaruzelski
803:from East Germany,
659:', ended after the
506:Presidential Palace
462:Pan-European Picnic
454:Solidarity movement
450:Revolutions of 1989
378:socialist republics
38:
13153:Late modern Europe
11995:Nepalese Civil War
11940:Great Leap Forward
11702:Pushpa Kamal Dahal
11577:Kaysone Phomvihane
11379:Xi Jinping Thought
11014:Labour aristocracy
10872:Modern age (1922–)
10714:Treaty of Nymwegen
10673:Congress of Vienna
10638:Treaty of Belgrade
10632:Pragmatic Sanction
10615:Holy League (1684)
10506:Ottoman vassalship
10473:Treaty of Piotrków
10018:Supreme Commanders
10008:Commanders of the
9935:Singing Revolution
9818:June 1976 protests
9603:Soviet occupations
9306:Russian Revolution
9102:Mary Elise Sarotte
9087:William B. Pickett
9012:Patrick J. Hearden
8992:Gabriel Gorodetsky
8987:Timothy Garton Ash
8972:Anneli Ute Gabanyi
8567:Ethnic nationalism
8319:Hallstein Doctrine
8203:Yemeni unification
7992:1985 Geneva Summit
7957:Casamance conflict
7860:New Jewel Movement
7845:Iranian Revolution
7830:Chadian–Libyan War
7777:Cambodian conflict
7757:Lebanese Civil War
7747:Western Sahara War
7722:June 1976 protests
7717:Cambodian genocide
7482:17 July Revolution
7436:Nigerian Civil War
7351:Rhodesian Bush War
7336:Colombian conflict
7279:Ramadan Revolution
7018:Bandung Conference
6894:Operation Valuable
6775:Partition of India
6387:Original edition:
5817:. pp. 85–86.
5805:Alexander, Michael
5469:Dickerson, M. O.;
5132:"Warsaw Pact ends"
5072:(57): 1–16. 1967.
4963:The New York Times
4955:Greenhouse, Steven
4857:The New York Times
4851:(22 August 1989).
4678:. 2 October 2013.
4345:Germany: 1933–1990
3445:. Routledge. p. 1.
3432:. Routledge. p. 17
3099:Christopher Cook,
2931:. Washington, DC:
2361:Varshava kelishimi
2269:Varshawski dahavor
2056:
1700:
1546:
1542:Aero L-39 Albatros
1491:
1467:Helsinki Final Act
1454:
1194:
1147:
1103:
901:
875:(Czechoslovakia),
823:In November 1956,
786:
758:
622:
522:
514:
359:collective defense
32:
13098:Cold War treaties
13045:
13044:
13017:International law
12886:Right of conquest
12851:National interest
12794:Deterrence theory
12692:
12691:
12679:League of Nations
12563:
12562:
11930:Sino-Soviet split
11890:Tito–Stalin split
11835:Spanish Civil War
11776:Guerrilla Warfare
11735:Theoretical works
11667:Władysław Gomułka
11642:Nicolae Ceaușescu
11602:Nikos Zachariadis
11522:Nikita Khrushchev
11497:Palmiro Togliatti
11196:Transmission belt
11141:Central committee
10999:Dialectical logic
10904:
10903:
10839:Treaty of Trianon
10723:
10722:
10655:Treaty of Sistova
10555:Treaty of Szatmár
10444:Treaty of Lubowla
10388:Concordat of 1169
10383:Concordat of 1161
10298:
10297:
10139:
10138:
9975:
9974:
9920:Velvet Revolution
9882:Telephone tapping
9856:list of defectors
9645:Tito–Stalin split
9530:
9529:
9337:
9336:
9324:List of conflicts
9172:Rudolph Winnacker
9117:Giles Scott-Smith
9092:Ronald E. Powaski
9047:Melvyn P. Leffler
8977:John Lewis Gaddis
8952:Robert D. English
8917:Warren H. Carroll
8907:Michael Beschloss
8876:Nuclear arms race
8857:
8856:
8763:Neues Deutschland
8665:
8664:
8647:White nationalism
8617:Liberal democracy
8354:Ulbricht Doctrine
8344:Brezhnev Doctrine
8152:Velvet Revolution
7896:Soviet–Afghan War
7712:Angolan Civil War
7509:Goulash Communism
7366:ASEAN Declaration
7319:Mexican Dirty War
7217:Annexation of Goa
7168:1960 U-2 incident
7142:Sino-Soviet split
7120:Laotian Civil War
6960:Bricker Amendment
6940:Mau Mau rebellion
6884:Malayan Emergency
6872:Chinese Civil War
6832:Tito–Stalin split
6686:Division of Korea
6380:978-88-7180-662-4
6341:978-3-86153-362-7
6271:McAdams, A. James
6263:978-963-7326-07-3
6216:978-0-07-031746-8
6142:Faringdon, Hugh.
6094:on 1 August 2013.
6087:Memorie 1945–1953
5960:. 29 March 2004.
5574:Wolff, Robert Lee
5008:978-0-307-26641-5
4829:on 23 August 2018
4575:on 16 August 2021
4359:978-0-19-926598-5
4130:978-1-118-89024-0
3263:978-1-134-02405-6
3226:978-0-8448-1738-5
2909:history.state.gov
2762:
2689:
2602:
2585:
2505:
2485:
2465:
2445:
2418:
2358:
2318:varshavis p'akt'i
2298:Varšavská Smlouva
2286:
2266:
2258:Варшаўскі дагавор
2246:
2230:Pakti i Varshavës
2218:
2158:Explanatory notes
2039:
2038:
1854:Anti-tank weapons
1633:
1632:
1604:Brezhnev Doctrine
1554:Sino-Soviet split
1495:Nicolae Ceaușescu
1463:Nicolae Ceaușescu
1429:decisions taken.
1206:Otto von Habsburg
1143:nuclear arms race
1073:Sino-Soviet split
1050:Sino-Soviet split
889:Nicolae Ceaușescu
885:Mikhail Gorbachev
843:(12 March 1957),
675:(US), who met in
671:(EDC) and rearm.
637:Germany reunified
629:Berlin Conference
583:neutral countries
581: Militarily
543:German militarism
458:electoral success
390:military alliance
361:treaty signed in
339:
338:
278:Supreme commander
21:Warsaw Convention
13270:
13173:Marxism–Leninism
13068:1991 in politics
13037:Security studies
12829:Internationality
12824:Internationalism
12623:
12622:
12590:
12583:
12576:
12567:
12566:
12554:
12553:
12552:
12542:
12541:
12501:State capitalism
11905:De-Stalinization
11900:Cuban Revolution
11722:Gennady Zyuganov
11707:Rohana Wijeweera
11562:Klement Gottwald
11557:Valko Chervenkov
11542:Lazar Kaganovich
11502:Dolores Ibárruri
11369:Three Represents
11314:Intercommunalism
11134:Political system
10977:Central planning
10972:Anti-revisionism
10962:Anti-imperialism
10938:Marxism–Leninism
10931:
10924:
10917:
10908:
10907:
10562:
10561:
10549:Treaty of Speyer
10479:Peace of Olomouc
10325:
10318:
10311:
10302:
10301:
10293:
10292:
10279:
10278:
10267:
10266:
10255:
10254:
10243:
10242:
10231:
10230:
10219:
10218:
10207:
10206:
10190:
10189:
10166:
10159:
10152:
10143:
10142:
10132:
10124:
10116:
10112:Sergei Shtemenko
10108:
10100:
10092:
10073:
10062:
10054:
10046:
10038:
10030:
10002:
9995:
9988:
9979:
9978:
9764:Goryani Movement
9744:
9736:
9702:
9664:
9598:Yalta Conference
9557:
9550:
9543:
9534:
9533:
9441:
9385:
9364:
9357:
9350:
9341:
9340:
9082:David S. Painter
9007:John Earl Haynes
8937:Nicholas J. Cull
8922:Adrian Cioroianu
8902:Thomas A. Bailey
8849:Voice of America
8740:
8739:
8652:White separatism
8632:Social democracy
8627:Guided democracy
8607:Authoritarianism
8557:Ultranationalism
8547:Anti-imperialism
8474:Marxism–Leninism
8387:
8386:
8374:Kinmen Agreement
8339:Johnson Doctrine
8324:Kennedy Doctrine
8240:Frozen conflicts
8223:1991 August Coup
8112:Afghan Civil War
8007:Reykjavík Summit
8002:Somali Rebellion
7942:Ugandan Bush War
7920:Gdańsk Agreement
7441:Protests of 1968
7421:War of Attrition
7130:Cuban Revolution
7066:We will bury you
7033:Cyprus Emergency
7013:Kashmir Princess
7003:Jebel Akhdar War
6852:Western betrayal
6537:
6530:
6523:
6514:
6513:
6475:
6459:
6441:
6435:
6426:Adenauer, Konrad
6410:
6384:
6357:
6345:
6333:
6325:Ch. Links Verlag
6313:
6292:, 1992 and 1993.
6267:
6220:
6184:
6155:Heuser, Beatrice
6130:
6113:
6112:
6106:
6095:
6071:
6070:
6068:
6066:
6052:
6046:
6045:
6043:
6041:
6021:
6015:
6014:
5980:
5974:
5973:
5971:
5969:
5954:
5948:
5947:
5941:
5933:
5931:
5929:
5923:
5916:
5908:
5902:
5901:
5899:
5897:
5891:
5880:
5874:
5873:
5862:
5856:
5855:
5844:
5838:
5835:
5829:
5828:
5801:
5795:
5794:
5767:
5761:
5760:
5736:
5730:
5729:
5705:
5699:
5698:
5687:
5681:
5680:
5665:
5659:
5658:
5631:
5625:
5624:
5600:
5594:
5593:
5566:
5560:
5559:
5535:
5529:
5528:
5501:
5495:
5494:
5471:Flanagan, Thomas
5466:
5460:
5459:
5439:
5433:
5432:
5409:
5403:
5402:
5395:
5389:
5388:
5368:
5362:
5361:
5341:
5335:
5334:
5310:
5304:
5303:
5283:
5277:
5276:
5249:
5243:
5242:
5218:
5212:
5211:
5200:
5194:
5193:
5173:
5167:
5166:
5146:
5140:
5139:
5128:
5122:
5121:
5108:Tomsk University
5095:
5089:
5088:
5086:
5084:
5062:
5051:
5050:
5048:
5046:
5031:
5025:
5024:
5022:
5020:
4985:
4979:
4978:
4976:
4974:
4951:
4942:
4941:
4939:
4937:
4918:
4912:
4906:
4900:
4897:
4891:
4888:
4882:
4879:
4873:
4872:
4870:
4868:
4845:
4839:
4838:
4836:
4834:
4825:. Archived from
4814:
4805:
4804:
4802:
4800:
4781:
4775:
4774:
4772:
4770:
4754:
4748:
4747:
4745:
4743:
4728:
4722:
4721:
4719:
4717:
4698:
4692:
4691:
4689:
4687:
4672:
4666:
4665:
4660:
4658:
4639:
4633:
4632:
4630:
4628:
4601:Cold War History
4591:
4585:
4584:
4582:
4580:
4571:. Archived from
4564:
4558:
4557:
4555:
4553:
4538:
4532:
4531:
4511:
4505:
4504:
4484:
4478:
4477:
4475:
4473:
4438:
4429:
4428:
4404:
4398:
4397:
4370:
4364:
4363:
4336:
4330:
4329:
4305:
4299:
4298:
4271:
4265:
4264:
4262:
4260:
4241:
4226:
4225:
4184:
4178:
4172:
4166:
4160:
4154:
4141:
4135:
4134:
4103:
4097:
4096:
4094:
4092:
4071:
4065:
4064:
4062:
4060:
4041:
4032:
4031:
4019:
4013:
4012:
4010:
4008:
3989:
3983:
3982:
3980:
3978:
3963:
3957:
3956:
3954:
3952:
3933:
3927:
3926:
3924:
3922:
3903:
3897:
3896:
3894:
3892:
3877:
3871:
3865:
3859:
3858:
3856:
3854:
3848:
3841:
3833:
3827:
3826:
3824:
3822:
3802:
3796:
3795:
3793:
3791:
3785:
3779:. Nato website.
3778:
3770:
3764:
3758:
3752:
3751:
3749:
3747:
3728:
3715:
3709:
3703:
3702:
3700:
3698:
3692:
3685:
3677:
3668:
3667:
3659:
3653:
3652:
3644:
3638:
3637:
3622:
3616:
3615:
3604:Steininger, Rolf
3600:
3594:
3588:
3582:
3576:
3570:
3564:
3558:
3552:
3546:
3545:
3543:
3541:
3526:
3517:
3516:
3514:
3512:
3503:. 6 April 2009.
3484:
3478:
3477:
3475:
3473:
3467:
3460:
3452:
3446:
3439:
3433:
3426:
3420:
3419:
3417:
3415:
3406:. 6 April 2009.
3375:
3369:
3368:
3366:
3364:
3340:
3334:
3330:
3324:
3321:
3315:
3314:
3304:
3298:
3286:
3280:
3279:
3277:
3275:
3247:
3238:
3237:
3235:
3233:
3214:
3204:
3195:
3194:
3192:
3190:
3184:
3177:
3169:
3163:
3162:
3151:
3145:
3140:Debra J. Allen.
3138:
3132:
3125:
3116:
3110:
3104:
3097:
3091:
3090:
3062:
3056:
3055:
3053:
3051:
3030:
3021:
3020:
3018:
3016:
2997:
2986:
2985:
2983:
2981:
2962:
2951:
2950:
2919:
2913:
2912:
2901:
2895:
2894:
2887:
2881:
2880:
2873:
2867:
2866:
2855:. p. 1075.
2842:
2831:
2830:
2803:
2777:
2767:
2761:romanized:
2760:
2758:
2746:
2722:
2694:
2684:
2682:
2658:
2646:
2622:
2614:
2608:
2607:
2601:romanized:
2600:
2598:
2590:
2580:
2578:
2538:
2535:
2528:
2527:
2510:
2500:
2498:
2490:
2480:
2478:
2470:
2460:
2458:
2450:
2440:
2438:
2430:
2424:
2423:
2413:
2411:
2402:Varšavská zmluva
2386:Układ Warszawski
2363:
2353:
2351:
2350:Варшавa келишими
2342:Varsói Szerződés
2319:
2316:
2309:
2308:
2291:
2281:
2279:
2271:
2261:
2259:
2251:
2241:
2239:
2223:
2213:
2211:
2203:
2197:
2190:
2184:
2181:
2175:
2168:
2042:Post–Warsaw Pact
1703:
1699:
1626:
1625:
1614:
1613:
1438:Eastern European
1360:non-intervention
1325:
1316:
1043:
1039:
1037:
1036:
1019:
1017:
1016:
1001:
1000:
989:
988:
972:
971:
955:
953:
952:
942:
941:
930:
929:
913:
912:
887:(Soviet Union),
883:(East Germany),
594:, member of the
589:
580:
570:
564:
551:satellite states
464:in August 1989.
420:
373:and seven other
349:), formally the
268:
264:
262:
261:
253:
249:
247:
246:
238:
234:
232:
231:
223:
219:
217:
216:
208:
204:
202:
201:
193:
189:
187:
186:
178:
174:
172:
171:
163:
159:
157:
156:
120:
118:
91:
89:
55:
46:
39:
37:
31:
25:Treaty of Warsaw
13278:
13277:
13273:
13272:
13271:
13269:
13268:
13267:
13048:
13047:
13046:
13041:
12985:
12976:Postcolonialism
12937:
12866:Non-state actor
12861:Non-belligerent
12856:Neutral country
12841:Interventionism
12774:Co-belligerence
12735:
12688:
12667:
12612:
12599:
12594:
12564:
12559:
12550:
12548:
12536:
12529:
12526:Totalitarianism
12506:State socialism
12415:
12391:
12262:
12003:
11845:Greek Civil War
11779:
11730:
11682:Mathieu Kérékou
11587:Leonid Brezhnev
11552:Bolesław Bierut
11547:Georgi Dimitrov
11532:Josip Broz Tito
11527:Walter Ulbricht
11451:
11298:Gonzalo Thought
11210:
11129:
11116:Socialist state
11085:
10940:
10935:
10905:
10900:
10867:
10731:
10729:Austria-Hungary
10719:
10693:
10678:
10609:Peace of Vasvár
10579:
10560:
10537:Treaty of Gyalu
10517:
10515:Napoleonic Wars
10509:
10496:
10462:Treaty of Ófalu
10450:Peace of Szeged
10404:
10355:
10334:
10329:
10299:
10294:
10290:
10285:
10273:
10261:
10249:
10237:
10225:
10213:
10201:
10184:
10176:
10170:
10140:
10135:
10130:
10122:
10120:Anatoly Gribkov
10114:
10106:
10104:Mikhail Kazakov
10098:
10090:
10088:Aleksei Antonov
10074:
10065:
10060:
10052:
10044:
10042:Ivan Yakubovsky
10036:
10028:
10012:
10006:
9976:
9971:
9886:
9840:
9827:Soviet reaction
9813:Croatian Spring
9757:
9755:
9748:
9742:
9734:
9706:
9700:
9662:
9649:
9635:Berlin Blockade
9586:
9585:
9566:
9561:
9531:
9526:
9503:
9500:
9484:
9481:
9442:
9433:
9430:
9386:
9375:
9368:
9338:
9333:
9310:
9301:Second Cold War
9259:
9187:
9181:
9157:Odd Arne Westad
9147:Patrick Vaughan
9132:Athan Theoharis
9112:Ellen Schrecker
9097:Yakov M. Rabkin
9072:Timothy Naftali
9017:Tvrtko Jakovina
9002:Jussi Hanhimäki
8885:
8863:
8853:
8831:Paix et Liberté
8806:
8750:Active measures
8731:
8661:
8642:White supremacy
8602:Totalitarianism
8530:
8455:
8378:
8364:Reagan Doctrine
8359:Carter Doctrine
8299:Truman Doctrine
8287:
8234:
8166:
8061:Soviet reaction
7972:Ndogboyosoi War
7879:
7850:Saur Revolution
7677:1973 oil crisis
7642:Munich massacre
7550:Alcora Exercise
7545:Black September
7523:
7269:Sino-Indian War
7163:Simba rebellion
7146:
6990:Capture of the
6898:
6837:Berlin Blockade
6770:May 1947 crises
6760:Truman Doctrine
6725:Greek Civil War
6714:Blacklist Forty
6681:Gouzenko Affair
6668:Cursed soldiers
6620:Morgenthau Plan
6608:
6546:
6541:
6470:
6467:
6462:
6420:
6415:
6407:
6381:
6359:
6351:
6342:
6327:
6315:
6307:
6300:
6298:Other languages
6295:
6264:
6244:Mastny, Vojtech
6217:
6138:
6136:Further reading
6133:
6122:Country Studies
6119:
6110:
6079:
6074:
6064:
6062:
6054:
6053:
6049:
6039:
6037:
6022:
6018:
5981:
5977:
5967:
5965:
5956:
5955:
5951:
5935:
5934:
5927:
5925:
5921:
5914:
5912:"Archived copy"
5910:
5909:
5905:
5895:
5893:
5889:
5882:
5881:
5877:
5864:
5863:
5859:
5846:
5845:
5841:
5836:
5832:
5825:
5802:
5798:
5791:
5783:. p. 307.
5771:Navon, Emmanuel
5768:
5764:
5757:
5737:
5733:
5726:
5706:
5702:
5689:
5688:
5684:
5666:
5662:
5655:
5647:. p. 177.
5635:Shafir, Michael
5632:
5628:
5621:
5601:
5597:
5590:
5567:
5563:
5556:
5548:. p. 536.
5546:Lexington Books
5536:
5532:
5525:
5505:Crampton, R. J.
5502:
5498:
5491:
5467:
5463:
5456:
5440:
5436:
5429:
5413:Leebaert, Derek
5410:
5406:
5397:
5396:
5392:
5385:
5369:
5365:
5358:
5342:
5338:
5331:
5311:
5307:
5300:
5284:
5280:
5273:
5265:. p. 429.
5253:Service, Robert
5250:
5246:
5239:
5219:
5215:
5202:
5201:
5197:
5190:
5174:
5170:
5163:
5147:
5143:
5130:
5129:
5125:
5118:
5096:
5092:
5082:
5080:
5064:
5063:
5054:
5044:
5042:
5033:
5032:
5028:
5018:
5016:
5009:
4999:Alfred A. Knopf
4986:
4982:
4972:
4970:
4957:(2 July 1991).
4952:
4945:
4935:
4933:
4920:
4919:
4915:
4907:
4903:
4898:
4894:
4889:
4885:
4880:
4876:
4866:
4864:
4846:
4842:
4832:
4830:
4815:
4808:
4798:
4796:
4783:
4782:
4778:
4768:
4766:
4755:
4751:
4741:
4739:
4730:
4729:
4725:
4715:
4713:
4700:
4699:
4695:
4685:
4683:
4674:
4673:
4669:
4656:
4654:
4641:
4640:
4636:
4626:
4624:
4592:
4588:
4578:
4576:
4565:
4561:
4551:
4549:
4540:
4539:
4535:
4528:
4512:
4508:
4501:
4485:
4481:
4471:
4469:
4462:
4442:Mastny, Vojtech
4439:
4432:
4425:
4405:
4401:
4394:
4386:. p. 261.
4371:
4367:
4360:
4352:. p. 537.
4337:
4333:
4326:
4318:. p. 297.
4306:
4302:
4295:
4272:
4268:
4258:
4256:
4243:
4242:
4229:
4206:10.2307/2195705
4186:
4185:
4181:
4173:
4169:
4161:
4157:
4142:
4138:
4131:
4104:
4100:
4090:
4088:
4073:
4072:
4068:
4058:
4056:
4043:
4042:
4035:
4020:
4016:
4006:
4004:
3991:
3990:
3986:
3976:
3974:
3965:
3964:
3960:
3950:
3948:
3935:
3934:
3930:
3920:
3918:
3905:
3904:
3900:
3890:
3888:
3879:
3878:
3874:
3866:
3862:
3852:
3850:
3846:
3839:
3835:
3834:
3830:
3820:
3818:
3803:
3799:
3789:
3787:
3783:
3776:
3772:
3771:
3767:
3759:
3755:
3745:
3743:
3730:
3729:
3718:
3710:
3706:
3696:
3694:
3690:
3683:
3679:
3678:
3671:
3660:
3656:
3645:
3641:
3634:Clarendon Press
3623:
3619:
3601:
3597:
3589:
3585:
3577:
3573:
3565:
3561:
3553:
3549:
3539:
3537:
3528:
3527:
3520:
3510:
3508:
3495:
3485:
3481:
3471:
3469:
3465:
3458:
3454:
3453:
3449:
3440:
3436:
3427:
3423:
3413:
3411:
3398:
3376:
3372:
3362:
3360:
3341:
3337:
3331:
3327:
3322:
3318:
3305:
3301:
3295:Wayback Machine
3287:
3283:
3273:
3271:
3264:
3248:
3241:
3231:
3229:
3227:
3205:
3198:
3188:
3186:
3182:
3175:
3171:
3170:
3166:
3153:
3152:
3148:
3139:
3135:
3126:
3119:
3111:
3107:
3098:
3094:
3087:
3063:
3059:
3049:
3047:
3031:
3024:
3014:
3012:
3005:History Channel
2999:
2998:
2989:
2979:
2977:
2970:History Channel
2964:
2963:
2954:
2947:
2920:
2916:
2903:
2902:
2898:
2889:
2888:
2884:
2875:
2874:
2870:
2863:
2843:
2834:
2827:
2819:. p. 132.
2804:
2795:
2791:
2786:
2781:
2780:
2615:
2611:
2530:
2431:
2427:
2370:Varšuvos paktas
2326:Warschauer Pakt
2311:
2221:Varshavsky pakt
2210:Варшавский пакт
2204:
2200:
2191:
2187:
2182:
2178:
2169:
2165:
2160:
2108:
2100:nuclear weapons
2044:
1769:Combat aircraft
1698:
1693:
1661:"Oder-Neisse" (
1623:
1617:External videos
1612:
1583:
1446:
1348:
1347:
1346:
1345:
1342:Aleksei Antonov
1328:
1327:
1326:
1318:
1317:
1298:
1182:
1087:
1081:
1034:
1032:
1029:
1014:
1012:
995:
983:
966:
950:
948:
936:
924:
907:
861:
801:war reparations
762:23 October 1954
716:Gaston Palewski
693:Rolf Steininger
681:Konrad Adenauer
599:
598:
587:
585:
578:
576:
568:
566:
562:
498:
493:
456:in Poland, its
428:(NATO) and the
405:
325:
314:Aleksei Antonov
307:
298:
280:
271:
259:
257:
244:
242:
229:
227:
214:
212:
199:
197:
184:
182:
169:
167:
154:
152:
145:
116:
114:
87:
85:
58:
35:
34:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
13276:
13266:
13265:
13260:
13255:
13250:
13245:
13240:
13235:
13230:
13225:
13220:
13215:
13210:
13205:
13200:
13195:
13190:
13185:
13180:
13175:
13170:
13165:
13163:Neocolonialism
13160:
13155:
13150:
13145:
13140:
13135:
13130:
13125:
13120:
13115:
13110:
13105:
13100:
13095:
13090:
13085:
13080:
13075:
13070:
13065:
13060:
13043:
13042:
13040:
13039:
13034:
13029:
13024:
13019:
13014:
13009:
13004:
12999:
12993:
12991:
12987:
12986:
12984:
12983:
12978:
12973:
12968:
12963:
12958:
12956:English school
12953:
12951:Constructivism
12947:
12945:
12939:
12938:
12936:
12935:
12930:
12929:
12928:
12923:
12921:Non-aggression
12918:
12913:
12908:
12898:
12893:
12888:
12883:
12878:
12873:
12868:
12863:
12858:
12853:
12848:
12843:
12838:
12837:
12836:
12831:
12821:
12816:
12811:
12806:
12801:
12796:
12791:
12786:
12781:
12776:
12771:
12766:
12765:
12764:
12759:
12754:
12743:
12741:
12737:
12736:
12734:
12733:
12728:
12723:
12718:
12713:
12708:
12702:
12700:
12694:
12693:
12690:
12689:
12687:
12686:
12681:
12675:
12673:
12669:
12668:
12666:
12665:
12660:
12655:
12650:
12645:
12640:
12635:
12629:
12627:
12620:
12614:
12613:
12611:
12610:
12604:
12601:
12600:
12593:
12592:
12585:
12578:
12570:
12561:
12560:
12558:
12546:
12534:
12531:
12530:
12528:
12523:
12521:Third-Worldism
12518:
12513:
12508:
12503:
12498:
12493:
12483:
12478:
12473:
12468:
12463:
12458:
12453:
12443:
12438:
12431:Anti-communism
12428:
12423:
12421:
12417:
12416:
12414:
12409:
12404:
12399:
12397:
12396:Related topics
12393:
12392:
12390:
12385:
12380:
12370:
12365:
12360:
12355:
12350:
12345:
12340:
12335:
12330:
12325:
12320:
12315:
12310:
12305:
12300:
12295:
12290:
12285:
12280:
12275:
12270:
12268:
12264:
12263:
12261:
12255:
12250:
12245:
12240:
12235:
12226:
12221:
12216:
12210:
12205:
12200:
12195:
12190:
12185:
12180:
12175:
12170:
12165:
12160:
12155:
12150:
12145:
12136:
12131:
12126:
12121:
12116:
12111:
12106:
12101:
12096:
12091:
12086:
12081:
12075:
12069:Czechoslovakia
12066:
12061:
12056:
12051:
12045:
12036:
12031:
12026:
12021:
12016:
12011:
12009:
12005:
12004:
12002:
11997:
11992:
11987:
11982:
11977:
11972:
11967:
11962:
11957:
11952:
11947:
11942:
11937:
11932:
11927:
11922:
11917:
11912:
11907:
11902:
11897:
11892:
11887:
11881:
11876:
11871:
11862:
11857:
11852:
11847:
11842:
11837:
11832:
11827:
11822:
11817:
11812:
11806:
11801:
11796:
11787:
11785:
11781:
11780:
11778:
11773:
11768:
11763:
11758:
11753:
11748:
11743:
11738:
11736:
11732:
11731:
11729:
11724:
11719:
11714:
11712:Abimael Guzmán
11709:
11704:
11699:
11694:
11689:
11684:
11679:
11677:Thomas Sankara
11674:
11669:
11664:
11662:Erich Honecker
11659:
11657:Maurice Bishop
11654:
11649:
11644:
11639:
11634:
11629:
11624:
11619:
11617:Agostinho Neto
11614:
11609:
11604:
11599:
11594:
11589:
11584:
11582:Khalid Bakdash
11579:
11574:
11569:
11564:
11559:
11554:
11549:
11544:
11539:
11534:
11529:
11524:
11519:
11514:
11512:Võ Nguyên Giáp
11509:
11504:
11499:
11494:
11492:Maurice Thorez
11489:
11484:
11482:Ehmetjan Qasim
11479:
11474:
11472:Ernst Thälmann
11469:
11464:
11459:
11457:
11453:
11452:
11450:
11445:
11440:
11435:
11427:
11419:
11414:
11408:
11403:
11398:
11392:
11387:
11382:
11376:
11371:
11366:
11360:
11355:
11349:
11343:
11338:
11333:
11328:
11323:
11317:
11310:
11305:
11303:Prachanda Path
11300:
11295:
11289:
11284:
11279:
11274:
11268:
11263:
11257:
11250:
11245:
11240:
11235:
11229:
11223:
11218:
11216:
11212:
11211:
11209:
11208:
11203:
11198:
11193:
11188:
11183:
11178:
11173:
11168:
11163:
11158:
11153:
11148:
11143:
11137:
11135:
11131:
11130:
11128:
11123:
11118:
11113:
11108:
11103:
11098:
11093:
11091:
11087:
11086:
11084:
11083:
11078:
11073:
11068:
11067:
11066:
11061:
11051:
11046:
11044:Social fascism
11041:
11039:Self-criticism
11036:
11031:
11026:
11021:
11016:
11011:
11006:
11001:
10996:
10991:
10986:
10985:
10984:
10974:
10969:
10964:
10959:
10954:
10948:
10946:
10942:
10941:
10934:
10933:
10926:
10919:
10911:
10902:
10901:
10899:
10898:
10892:
10886:
10881:
10875:
10873:
10869:
10868:
10866:
10865:
10859:
10854:
10848:
10842:
10836:
10830:
10825:
10819:
10813:
10807:
10802:
10799:Boxer Protocol
10796:
10791:
10786:
10781:
10775:
10769:
10766:Treaty of Bern
10763:
10757:
10751:
10745:
10739:
10737:
10732:to the end of
10725:
10724:
10721:
10720:
10718:
10717:
10711:
10705:
10698:
10695:
10694:
10692:
10691:
10683:
10680:
10679:
10677:
10676:
10670:
10664:
10658:
10652:
10646:
10641:
10635:
10629:
10623:
10617:
10612:
10606:
10600:
10595:
10590:
10584:
10581:
10580:
10578:
10577:
10565:
10559:
10558:
10552:
10546:
10540:
10534:
10528:
10521:
10519:
10498:
10497:
10495:
10494:
10488:
10482:
10476:
10470:
10465:
10459:
10453:
10447:
10441:
10438:Treaty of Zara
10435:
10429:
10423:
10420:Treaty of Enns
10416:
10414:
10406:
10405:
10403:
10402:
10396:
10390:
10385:
10380:
10374:
10367:
10365:
10357:
10356:
10354:
10353:
10346:
10344:
10336:
10335:
10328:
10327:
10320:
10313:
10305:
10296:
10295:
10288:
10286:
10284:
10283:
10271:
10259:
10247:
10235:
10223:
10211:
10199:
10181:
10178:
10177:
10169:
10168:
10161:
10154:
10146:
10137:
10136:
10134:
10133:
10128:Vladimir Lobov
10125:
10117:
10109:
10101:
10093:
10084:
10082:
10076:
10075:
10068:
10066:
10064:
10063:
10055:
10050:Viktor Kulikov
10047:
10039:
10034:Andrei Grechko
10031:
10022:
10020:
10014:
10013:
10005:
10004:
9997:
9990:
9982:
9973:
9972:
9970:
9969:
9968:
9967:
9957:
9952:
9947:
9942:
9937:
9932:
9927:
9922:
9917:
9912:
9907:
9900:
9894:
9892:
9888:
9887:
9885:
9884:
9879:
9874:
9869:
9864:
9859:
9848:
9846:
9842:
9841:
9839:
9838:
9833:
9820:
9815:
9810:
9805:
9796:
9791:
9786:
9781:
9776:
9771:
9766:
9760:
9758:
9753:
9750:
9749:
9747:
9746:
9738:
9730:
9725:
9720:
9714:
9712:
9708:
9707:
9705:
9704:
9696:
9691:
9686:
9681:
9676:
9671:
9666:
9657:
9655:
9651:
9650:
9648:
9647:
9642:
9637:
9632:
9627:
9626:
9625:
9620:
9615:
9610:
9600:
9594:
9592:
9588:
9587:
9584:
9583:
9578:
9572:
9571:
9568:
9567:
9560:
9559:
9552:
9545:
9537:
9528:
9527:
9525:
9524:
9519:
9514:
9508:
9505:
9504:
9502:
9501:
9495:
9489:
9486:
9485:
9483:
9482:
9476:
9471:
9466:
9461:
9447:
9444:
9443:
9436:
9434:
9432:
9431:
9425:
9420:
9415:
9410:
9405:
9403:Czechoslovakia
9400:
9395:
9389:
9387:
9380:
9377:
9376:
9367:
9366:
9359:
9352:
9344:
9335:
9334:
9332:
9331:
9326:
9321:
9315:
9312:
9311:
9309:
9308:
9303:
9298:
9293:
9288:
9283:
9278:
9273:
9267:
9265:
9261:
9260:
9258:
9257:
9252:
9247:
9242:
9237:
9232:
9227:
9222:
9217:
9212:
9207:
9202:
9197:
9191:
9189:
9183:
9182:
9180:
9179:
9174:
9169:
9164:
9159:
9154:
9149:
9144:
9139:
9134:
9129:
9127:Timothy Snyder
9124:
9119:
9114:
9109:
9104:
9099:
9094:
9089:
9084:
9079:
9074:
9069:
9064:
9059:
9057:Vojtech Mastny
9054:
9052:Geir Lundestad
9049:
9044:
9042:Walter Laqueur
9039:
9037:Walter LaFeber
9034:
9029:
9024:
9019:
9014:
9009:
9004:
8999:
8994:
8989:
8984:
8979:
8974:
8969:
8967:André Fontaine
8964:
8959:
8954:
8949:
8944:
8939:
8934:
8929:
8924:
8919:
8914:
8909:
8904:
8899:
8897:Gar Alperovitz
8893:
8891:
8887:
8886:
8884:
8883:
8878:
8873:
8867:
8865:
8859:
8858:
8855:
8854:
8852:
8851:
8846:
8840:
8839:
8834:
8827:
8822:
8814:
8812:
8808:
8807:
8805:
8804:
8797:
8792:
8785:
8778:
8773:
8766:
8759:
8752:
8746:
8744:
8737:
8733:
8732:
8730:
8729:
8724:
8719:
8714:
8709:
8704:
8699:
8694:
8689:
8684:
8679:
8673:
8671:
8667:
8666:
8663:
8662:
8660:
8659:
8654:
8649:
8644:
8639:
8637:Third-Worldism
8634:
8629:
8624:
8619:
8614:
8609:
8604:
8599:
8594:
8589:
8584:
8579:
8574:
8569:
8564:
8559:
8554:
8549:
8544:
8538:
8536:
8532:
8531:
8529:
8528:
8523:
8518:
8513:
8508:
8503:
8496:
8491:
8486:
8481:
8476:
8471:
8465:
8463:
8457:
8456:
8454:
8453:
8448:
8443:
8438:
8433:
8428:
8426:Libertarianism
8423:
8418:
8417:
8416:
8406:
8404:Chicago school
8401:
8395:
8393:
8384:
8380:
8379:
8377:
8376:
8371:
8366:
8361:
8356:
8351:
8349:Nixon Doctrine
8346:
8341:
8336:
8331:
8326:
8321:
8316:
8311:
8306:
8301:
8295:
8293:
8292:Foreign policy
8289:
8288:
8286:
8285:
8280:
8275:
8270:
8265:
8260:
8255:
8250:
8244:
8242:
8236:
8235:
8233:
8232:
8227:
8226:
8225:
8215:
8210:
8205:
8200:
8195:
8190:
8185:
8180:
8174:
8172:
8168:
8167:
8165:
8164:
8159:
8154:
8149:
8144:
8139:
8134:
8129:
8124:
8119:
8114:
8109:
8104:
8099:
8094:
8089:
8084:
8079:
8077:Operation RYAN
8074:
8069:
8064:
8054:
8049:
8044:
8039:
8034:
8029:
8024:
8019:
8014:
8009:
8004:
7999:
7994:
7989:
7984:
7982:Able Archer 83
7979:
7974:
7969:
7964:
7959:
7954:
7949:
7944:
7939:
7934:
7929:
7928:
7927:
7917:
7912:
7907:
7898:
7893:
7887:
7885:
7881:
7880:
7878:
7877:
7872:
7867:
7862:
7857:
7852:
7847:
7842:
7837:
7832:
7827:
7822:
7817:
7812:
7807:
7802:
7797:
7792:
7787:
7779:
7774:
7769:
7764:
7759:
7754:
7749:
7744:
7739:
7734:
7732:Oromo conflict
7729:
7724:
7719:
7714:
7709:
7704:
7699:
7694:
7689:
7684:
7679:
7674:
7672:Yom Kippur War
7669:
7664:
7659:
7654:
7649:
7644:
7639:
7634:
7629:
7624:
7619:
7614:
7609:
7604:
7599:
7594:
7589:
7582:
7577:
7572:
7567:
7562:
7557:
7552:
7547:
7542:
7537:
7531:
7529:
7525:
7524:
7522:
7521:
7516:
7511:
7506:
7501:
7496:
7495:
7494:
7484:
7479:
7474:
7469:
7464:
7455:
7450:
7449:
7448:
7438:
7433:
7428:
7423:
7418:
7413:
7408:
7403:
7398:
7393:
7388:
7383:
7378:
7373:
7368:
7363:
7358:
7353:
7348:
7343:
7338:
7333:
7328:
7327:
7326:
7316:
7311:
7306:
7304:Aden Emergency
7301:
7296:
7291:
7286:
7281:
7276:
7271:
7266:
7261:
7256:
7255:
7254:
7249:
7244:
7234:
7229:
7224:
7222:Papua conflict
7219:
7214:
7209:
7204:
7203:
7202:
7192:
7191:
7190:
7180:
7175:
7170:
7165:
7160:
7154:
7152:
7148:
7147:
7145:
7144:
7139:
7138:
7137:
7127:
7125:Kitchen Debate
7122:
7117:
7112:
7107:
7102:
7097:
7092:
7087:
7085:Sputnik crisis
7082:
7077:
7069:
7062:
7057:
7055:Polish October
7052:
7047:
7042:
7035:
7030:
7025:
7020:
7015:
7010:
7005:
7000:
6995:
6987:
6982:
6977:
6972:
6967:
6962:
6957:
6955:Pact of Madrid
6952:
6947:
6942:
6937:
6932:
6927:
6922:
6917:
6912:
6910:Bamboo Curtain
6906:
6904:
6900:
6899:
6897:
6896:
6891:
6886:
6881:
6880:
6879:
6869:
6864:
6859:
6854:
6849:
6844:
6839:
6834:
6829:
6824:
6819:
6814:
6809:
6804:
6803:
6802:
6797:
6792:
6782:
6777:
6772:
6767:
6762:
6757:
6752:
6747:
6742:
6737:
6732:
6727:
6722:
6717:
6709:
6701:
6693:
6688:
6683:
6678:
6670:
6665:
6664:
6663:
6658:
6650:
6637:
6632:
6627:
6622:
6616:
6614:
6610:
6609:
6607:
6606:
6601:
6596:
6591:
6586:
6581:
6576:
6571:
6566:
6559:
6551:
6548:
6547:
6540:
6539:
6532:
6525:
6517:
6511:
6510:
6502:
6497:
6492:
6486:
6481:
6476:
6466:
6465:External links
6463:
6461:
6460:
6442:
6421:
6419:
6416:
6414:
6413:
6412:
6411:
6405:
6379:
6346:
6340:
6301:
6299:
6296:
6294:
6293:
6282:
6268:
6262:
6240:
6226:
6215:
6202:
6185:
6167:(3): 311–327.
6151:
6139:
6137:
6134:
6132:
6131:
6107:
6096:
6080:
6078:
6075:
6073:
6072:
6047:
6025:Watt, Nicholas
6016:
5997:(1): 129–132.
5975:
5949:
5903:
5875:
5857:
5839:
5830:
5824:978-0855161910
5823:
5796:
5790:978-0827618602
5789:
5762:
5756:978-1472529923
5755:
5749:. p. 61.
5731:
5725:978-1443873031
5724:
5718:. p. 14.
5700:
5682:
5660:
5654:978-0861874385
5653:
5626:
5620:978-0139243998
5619:
5613:. p. 68.
5595:
5589:978-0131350120
5588:
5570:Brinton, Crane
5561:
5555:978-0739105924
5554:
5530:
5524:978-1317891178
5523:
5496:
5490:978-0176034856
5489:
5483:. p. 75.
5461:
5455:978-1349099412
5454:
5434:
5428:978-0521407694
5427:
5404:
5390:
5384:978-1400877225
5383:
5363:
5357:978-0521414388
5356:
5336:
5330:978-1349099412
5329:
5305:
5299:978-3319770697
5298:
5278:
5272:978-1447287285
5271:
5244:
5238:978-0520364981
5237:
5213:
5195:
5189:978-0804745352
5188:
5168:
5162:978-0669141733
5161:
5141:
5123:
5116:
5090:
5052:
5026:
5007:
4980:
4943:
4913:
4901:
4892:
4883:
4874:
4840:
4806:
4776:
4749:
4723:
4693:
4667:
4634:
4608:(4): 479–494.
4586:
4559:
4533:
4527:978-1108418331
4526:
4506:
4500:978-1317555308
4499:
4479:
4461:978-9637326080
4460:
4430:
4424:978-0295974910
4423:
4417:. p. 54.
4399:
4393:978-1317542285
4392:
4365:
4358:
4331:
4325:978-1845457877
4324:
4316:Berghahn Books
4300:
4294:978-1317884248
4293:
4287:. p. 59.
4266:
4227:
4179:
4167:
4155:
4136:
4129:
4123:. p. 79.
4098:
4066:
4049:Avalon Project
4033:
4014:
3999:. 9 May 1955.
3984:
3958:
3928:
3898:
3872:
3870:, p. 662.
3868:Adenauer 1966a
3860:
3828:
3797:
3765:
3763:, p. 216.
3753:
3716:
3714:, p. 214.
3704:
3669:
3654:
3639:
3636:. p. 126.
3617:
3595:
3583:
3571:
3569:, p. 202.
3559:
3547:
3518:
3479:
3447:
3434:
3421:
3395:Czechoslovakia
3370:
3335:
3325:
3316:
3299:
3281:
3262:
3239:
3225:
3196:
3164:
3155:"Introduction"
3146:
3133:
3117:
3105:
3092:
3085:
3073:Westview Press
3057:
3034:NATO website.
3022:
2987:
2952:
2945:
2923:Yost, David S.
2914:
2896:
2882:
2868:
2862:978-0815340584
2861:
2832:
2826:978-1107025929
2825:
2792:
2790:
2787:
2785:
2782:
2779:
2778:
2609:
2425:
2378:Varšavas Pakts
2307:ვარშავის პაქტი
2198:
2185:
2176:
2162:
2161:
2159:
2156:
2155:
2154:
2148:
2146:Bamboo curtain
2143:
2138:
2133:
2128:
2127:
2126:
2123:Finlandization
2114:
2107:
2104:
2043:
2040:
2037:
2036:
2033:
2030:
2028:
2026:
2022:
2021:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2011:
2007:
2006:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1996:
1992:
1991:
1988:
1985:
1983:
1981:
1977:
1976:
1973:
1970:
1968:
1966:
1962:
1961:
1958:
1955:
1953:
1951:
1947:
1946:
1944:
1942:
1939:
1936:
1932:
1931:
1929:
1927:
1924:
1921:
1917:
1916:
1914:
1912:
1909:
1906:
1902:
1901:
1898:
1895:
1892:
1889:
1885:
1884:
1881:
1878:
1875:
1872:
1868:
1867:
1864:
1861:
1858:
1855:
1851:
1850:
1847:
1844:
1841:
1838:
1834:
1833:
1830:
1827:
1824:
1821:
1817:
1816:
1813:
1810:
1807:
1804:
1800:
1799:
1796:
1793:
1790:
1787:
1783:
1782:
1779:
1776:
1773:
1770:
1766:
1765:
1762:
1759:
1756:
1753:
1749:
1748:
1743:
1738:
1733:
1728:
1722:
1721:
1711:
1709:NATO estimates
1706:
1697:
1694:
1692:
1689:
1688:
1687:
1684:Czechoslovakia
1680:
1673:
1666:
1659:
1652:
1649:Czechoslovakia
1645:
1631:
1630:
1619:
1618:
1611:
1608:
1595:Eastern Europe
1582:
1579:
1523:its revolution
1515:Czechoslovakia
1471:Andrei Grechko
1445:
1442:
1419:term of office
1330:
1329:
1320:
1319:
1311:
1310:
1309:
1308:
1307:
1297:
1294:
1247:Czechoslovakia
1181:
1178:
1134:, and others.
1105:For 36 years,
1083:Main article:
1080:
1077:
1028:
1025:
1024:
1023:
1010:
993:
981:
964:
946:
934:
922:
895:(Poland), and
881:Erich Honecker
860:
857:
724:NATO expansion
720:Hastings Ismay
701:finlandization
685:Robert Schuman
661:United Kingdom
586:
577:
567:
561:
497:
494:
492:
489:
481:Czech Republic
369:, between the
337:
336:
331:
327:
326:
324:
323:
320:Vladimir Lobov
317:
310:
308:
303:
300:
299:
297:
296:
290:
283:
281:
276:
273:
272:
270:
269:
254:
239:
224:
209:
194:
191:Czechoslovakia
179:
164:
148:
146:
143:
140:
139:
126:
122:
121:
111:
107:
106:
97:
93:
92:
82:
78:
77:
72:
68:
67:
66:TFCMA, WP, WTO
64:
60:
59:
56:
48:
47:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
13275:
13264:
13261:
13259:
13256:
13254:
13251:
13249:
13246:
13244:
13241:
13239:
13236:
13234:
13231:
13229:
13226:
13224:
13221:
13219:
13216:
13214:
13211:
13209:
13206:
13204:
13201:
13199:
13196:
13194:
13191:
13189:
13186:
13184:
13181:
13179:
13176:
13174:
13171:
13169:
13166:
13164:
13161:
13159:
13156:
13154:
13151:
13149:
13146:
13144:
13141:
13139:
13136:
13134:
13131:
13129:
13126:
13124:
13121:
13119:
13116:
13114:
13111:
13109:
13106:
13104:
13101:
13099:
13096:
13094:
13091:
13089:
13086:
13084:
13081:
13079:
13076:
13074:
13071:
13069:
13066:
13064:
13061:
13059:
13056:
13055:
13053:
13038:
13035:
13033:
13030:
13028:
13025:
13023:
13020:
13018:
13015:
13013:
13010:
13008:
13005:
13003:
13000:
12998:
12995:
12994:
12992:
12988:
12982:
12979:
12977:
12974:
12972:
12969:
12967:
12964:
12962:
12959:
12957:
12954:
12952:
12949:
12948:
12946:
12944:
12940:
12934:
12931:
12927:
12924:
12922:
12919:
12917:
12914:
12912:
12909:
12907:
12904:
12903:
12902:
12899:
12897:
12894:
12892:
12889:
12887:
12884:
12882:
12879:
12877:
12874:
12872:
12869:
12867:
12864:
12862:
12859:
12857:
12854:
12852:
12849:
12847:
12844:
12842:
12839:
12835:
12832:
12830:
12827:
12826:
12825:
12822:
12820:
12817:
12815:
12812:
12810:
12807:
12805:
12802:
12800:
12797:
12795:
12792:
12790:
12787:
12785:
12782:
12780:
12777:
12775:
12772:
12770:
12767:
12763:
12760:
12758:
12755:
12753:
12750:
12749:
12748:
12745:
12744:
12742:
12738:
12732:
12729:
12727:
12724:
12722:
12719:
12717:
12714:
12712:
12709:
12707:
12704:
12703:
12701:
12699:
12695:
12685:
12682:
12680:
12677:
12676:
12674:
12670:
12664:
12661:
12659:
12656:
12654:
12651:
12649:
12646:
12644:
12641:
12639:
12636:
12634:
12631:
12630:
12628:
12624:
12621:
12619:
12618:Organizations
12615:
12609:
12606:
12605:
12602:
12598:
12591:
12586:
12584:
12579:
12577:
12572:
12571:
12568:
12557:
12547:
12545:
12540:
12535:
12532:
12527:
12524:
12522:
12519:
12517:
12514:
12512:
12509:
12507:
12504:
12502:
12499:
12497:
12494:
12491:
12487:
12484:
12482:
12479:
12477:
12474:
12472:
12469:
12467:
12464:
12462:
12459:
12457:
12454:
12451:
12450:Mass killings
12447:
12444:
12442:
12439:
12436:
12435:Mass killings
12432:
12429:
12427:
12424:
12422:
12418:
12413:
12410:
12408:
12405:
12403:
12400:
12398:
12394:
12389:
12386:
12384:
12381:
12378:
12374:
12371:
12369:
12366:
12364:
12361:
12359:
12356:
12354:
12351:
12349:
12346:
12344:
12341:
12339:
12336:
12334:
12331:
12329:
12326:
12324:
12321:
12319:
12316:
12314:
12311:
12309:
12306:
12304:
12301:
12299:
12296:
12294:
12291:
12289:
12286:
12284:
12281:
12279:
12276:
12274:
12271:
12269:
12267:Organizations
12265:
12259:
12256:
12254:
12251:
12249:
12246:
12244:
12241:
12239:
12236:
12234:
12230:
12227:
12225:
12222:
12220:
12217:
12214:
12211:
12209:
12206:
12204:
12201:
12199:
12196:
12194:
12191:
12189:
12186:
12184:
12181:
12179:
12176:
12174:
12171:
12169:
12166:
12164:
12161:
12159:
12156:
12154:
12151:
12149:
12146:
12144:
12140:
12137:
12135:
12132:
12130:
12127:
12125:
12122:
12120:
12117:
12115:
12112:
12110:
12107:
12105:
12102:
12100:
12097:
12095:
12092:
12090:
12087:
12085:
12082:
12079:
12076:
12074:
12070:
12067:
12065:
12062:
12060:
12057:
12055:
12052:
12049:
12046:
12044:
12040:
12037:
12035:
12032:
12030:
12027:
12025:
12022:
12020:
12017:
12015:
12012:
12010:
12006:
12001:
11998:
11996:
11993:
11991:
11988:
11986:
11983:
11981:
11978:
11976:
11973:
11971:
11968:
11966:
11965:Prague Spring
11963:
11961:
11958:
11956:
11953:
11951:
11948:
11946:
11943:
11941:
11938:
11936:
11933:
11931:
11928:
11926:
11923:
11921:
11918:
11916:
11913:
11911:
11908:
11906:
11903:
11901:
11898:
11896:
11893:
11891:
11888:
11885:
11882:
11880:
11877:
11875:
11872:
11870:
11866:
11863:
11861:
11858:
11856:
11853:
11851:
11848:
11846:
11843:
11841:
11838:
11836:
11833:
11831:
11828:
11826:
11823:
11821:
11818:
11816:
11813:
11810:
11807:
11805:
11802:
11800:
11797:
11795:
11791:
11788:
11786:
11782:
11777:
11774:
11772:
11769:
11767:
11764:
11762:
11759:
11757:
11754:
11752:
11749:
11747:
11744:
11742:
11739:
11737:
11733:
11728:
11725:
11723:
11720:
11718:
11715:
11713:
11710:
11708:
11705:
11703:
11700:
11698:
11695:
11693:
11690:
11688:
11685:
11683:
11680:
11678:
11675:
11673:
11672:Samora Machel
11670:
11668:
11665:
11663:
11660:
11658:
11655:
11653:
11650:
11648:
11645:
11643:
11640:
11638:
11635:
11633:
11630:
11628:
11625:
11623:
11620:
11618:
11615:
11613:
11610:
11608:
11605:
11603:
11600:
11598:
11595:
11593:
11592:Deng Xiaoping
11590:
11588:
11585:
11583:
11580:
11578:
11575:
11573:
11570:
11568:
11565:
11563:
11560:
11558:
11555:
11553:
11550:
11548:
11545:
11543:
11540:
11538:
11537:Mátyás Rákosi
11535:
11533:
11530:
11528:
11525:
11523:
11520:
11518:
11515:
11513:
11510:
11508:
11505:
11503:
11500:
11498:
11495:
11493:
11490:
11488:
11485:
11483:
11480:
11478:
11475:
11473:
11470:
11468:
11465:
11463:
11462:Joseph Stalin
11460:
11458:
11454:
11449:
11446:
11444:
11441:
11439:
11436:
11433:
11432:
11428:
11426:
11425:
11420:
11418:
11415:
11412:
11409:
11407:
11404:
11402:
11399:
11397:
11393:
11391:
11388:
11386:
11383:
11380:
11377:
11375:
11372:
11370:
11367:
11365:
11361:
11359:
11356:
11353:
11350:
11348:
11344:
11342:
11339:
11337:
11334:
11332:
11329:
11327:
11324:
11321:
11320:New Communism
11318:
11315:
11311:
11309:
11306:
11304:
11301:
11299:
11296:
11294:
11290:
11288:
11285:
11283:
11282:Khrushchevism
11280:
11278:
11275:
11272:
11269:
11267:
11264:
11262:
11258:
11256:
11255:
11251:
11249:
11246:
11244:
11241:
11239:
11236:
11233:
11230:
11228:
11224:
11222:
11219:
11217:
11213:
11207:
11204:
11202:
11201:Unified power
11199:
11197:
11194:
11192:
11189:
11187:
11184:
11182:
11179:
11177:
11174:
11172:
11169:
11167:
11164:
11162:
11159:
11157:
11154:
11152:
11149:
11147:
11144:
11142:
11139:
11138:
11136:
11132:
11127:
11124:
11122:
11119:
11117:
11114:
11112:
11109:
11107:
11104:
11102:
11099:
11097:
11094:
11092:
11088:
11082:
11079:
11077:
11074:
11072:
11069:
11065:
11062:
11060:
11057:
11056:
11055:
11052:
11050:
11047:
11045:
11042:
11040:
11037:
11035:
11032:
11030:
11029:Popular front
11027:
11025:
11022:
11020:
11017:
11015:
11012:
11010:
11007:
11005:
11002:
11000:
10997:
10995:
10992:
10990:
10987:
10983:
10980:
10979:
10978:
10975:
10973:
10970:
10968:
10965:
10963:
10960:
10958:
10955:
10953:
10950:
10949:
10947:
10943:
10939:
10932:
10927:
10925:
10920:
10918:
10913:
10912:
10909:
10896:
10893:
10890:
10887:
10885:
10882:
10880:
10877:
10876:
10874:
10870:
10863:
10860:
10858:
10855:
10852:
10849:
10846:
10843:
10840:
10837:
10834:
10831:
10829:
10826:
10823:
10820:
10817:
10814:
10811:
10808:
10806:
10803:
10800:
10797:
10795:
10792:
10790:
10787:
10785:
10782:
10779:
10776:
10773:
10770:
10767:
10764:
10761:
10758:
10755:
10752:
10749:
10746:
10744:
10741:
10740:
10738:
10735:
10730:
10726:
10715:
10712:
10709:
10706:
10703:
10700:
10699:
10696:
10689:
10685:
10684:
10681:
10674:
10671:
10668:
10665:
10662:
10659:
10656:
10653:
10650:
10647:
10645:
10642:
10639:
10636:
10633:
10630:
10627:
10624:
10621:
10618:
10616:
10613:
10610:
10607:
10604:
10601:
10599:
10596:
10594:
10591:
10589:
10586:
10585:
10582:
10575:
10571:
10570:Royal Hungary
10567:
10566:
10563:
10556:
10553:
10550:
10547:
10544:
10541:
10538:
10535:
10532:
10529:
10526:
10523:
10522:
10520:
10516:
10512:
10507:
10503:
10499:
10492:
10489:
10486:
10483:
10480:
10477:
10474:
10471:
10469:
10466:
10463:
10460:
10457:
10454:
10451:
10448:
10445:
10442:
10439:
10436:
10433:
10430:
10427:
10424:
10421:
10418:
10417:
10415:
10412:
10407:
10400:
10397:
10394:
10393:Oath of Bereg
10391:
10389:
10386:
10384:
10381:
10378:
10375:
10372:
10369:
10368:
10366:
10363:
10362:Árpád dynasty
10358:
10351:
10348:
10347:
10345:
10342:
10337:
10333:
10326:
10321:
10319:
10314:
10312:
10307:
10306:
10303:
10282:
10277:
10272:
10270:
10265:
10260:
10258:
10253:
10248:
10246:
10241:
10236:
10234:
10229:
10224:
10222:
10217:
10212:
10210:
10205:
10200:
10197:
10193:
10188:
10183:
10182:
10179:
10174:
10167:
10162:
10160:
10155:
10153:
10148:
10147:
10144:
10129:
10126:
10121:
10118:
10113:
10110:
10105:
10102:
10097:
10094:
10089:
10086:
10085:
10083:
10081:
10077:
10072:
10059:
10056:
10051:
10048:
10043:
10040:
10035:
10032:
10027:
10024:
10023:
10021:
10019:
10015:
10011:
10003:
9998:
9996:
9991:
9989:
9984:
9983:
9980:
9966:
9965:Yugoslav Wars
9963:
9962:
9961:
9958:
9956:
9953:
9951:
9948:
9946:
9943:
9941:
9938:
9936:
9933:
9931:
9928:
9926:
9923:
9921:
9918:
9916:
9913:
9911:
9908:
9906:
9905:
9901:
9899:
9896:
9895:
9893:
9889:
9883:
9880:
9878:
9875:
9873:
9870:
9868:
9865:
9863:
9860:
9857:
9853:
9850:
9849:
9847:
9843:
9837:
9834:
9832:
9828:
9824:
9821:
9819:
9816:
9814:
9811:
9809:
9806:
9804:
9800:
9799:Prague Spring
9797:
9795:
9792:
9790:
9787:
9785:
9782:
9780:
9777:
9775:
9772:
9770:
9767:
9765:
9762:
9761:
9759:
9751:
9745:
9739:
9737:
9731:
9729:
9726:
9724:
9721:
9719:
9716:
9715:
9713:
9711:Organizations
9709:
9703:
9697:
9695:
9692:
9690:
9687:
9685:
9682:
9680:
9677:
9675:
9672:
9670:
9667:
9665:
9659:
9658:
9656:
9652:
9646:
9643:
9641:
9638:
9636:
9633:
9631:
9628:
9624:
9621:
9619:
9616:
9614:
9613:Baltic states
9611:
9609:
9606:
9605:
9604:
9601:
9599:
9596:
9595:
9593:
9589:
9582:
9579:
9577:
9574:
9573:
9569:
9565:
9558:
9553:
9551:
9546:
9544:
9539:
9538:
9535:
9523:
9520:
9518:
9515:
9513:
9510:
9509:
9506:
9499:
9496:
9494:
9491:
9490:
9487:
9480:
9477:
9475:
9472:
9470:
9467:
9465:
9462:
9460:
9456:
9452:
9451:Soviet Russia
9449:
9448:
9445:
9440:
9429:
9426:
9424:
9421:
9419:
9416:
9414:
9411:
9409:
9406:
9404:
9401:
9399:
9396:
9394:
9391:
9390:
9384:
9378:
9373:
9365:
9360:
9358:
9353:
9351:
9346:
9345:
9342:
9330:
9327:
9325:
9322:
9320:
9317:
9316:
9313:
9307:
9304:
9302:
9299:
9297:
9294:
9292:
9291:War on terror
9289:
9287:
9284:
9282:
9279:
9277:
9274:
9272:
9269:
9268:
9266:
9262:
9256:
9253:
9251:
9248:
9246:
9243:
9241:
9238:
9236:
9233:
9231:
9228:
9226:
9223:
9221:
9218:
9216:
9213:
9211:
9208:
9206:
9203:
9201:
9198:
9196:
9193:
9192:
9190:
9186:Espionage and
9184:
9178:
9175:
9173:
9170:
9168:
9165:
9163:
9160:
9158:
9155:
9153:
9150:
9148:
9145:
9143:
9140:
9138:
9137:Andrew Thorpe
9135:
9133:
9130:
9128:
9125:
9123:
9120:
9118:
9115:
9113:
9110:
9108:
9105:
9103:
9100:
9098:
9095:
9093:
9090:
9088:
9085:
9083:
9080:
9078:
9075:
9073:
9070:
9068:
9065:
9063:
9060:
9058:
9055:
9053:
9050:
9048:
9045:
9043:
9040:
9038:
9035:
9033:
9032:Gabriel Kolko
9030:
9028:
9025:
9023:
9020:
9018:
9015:
9013:
9010:
9008:
9005:
9003:
9000:
8998:
8997:Fred Halliday
8995:
8993:
8990:
8988:
8985:
8983:
8982:Lloyd Gardner
8980:
8978:
8975:
8973:
8970:
8968:
8965:
8963:
8960:
8958:
8955:
8953:
8950:
8948:
8945:
8943:
8942:Norman Davies
8940:
8938:
8935:
8933:
8930:
8928:
8927:John Costello
8925:
8923:
8920:
8918:
8915:
8913:
8910:
8908:
8905:
8903:
8900:
8898:
8895:
8894:
8892:
8888:
8882:
8879:
8877:
8874:
8872:
8869:
8868:
8866:
8862:Technological
8860:
8850:
8847:
8845:
8842:
8841:
8838:
8835:
8833:
8832:
8828:
8826:
8823:
8821:
8820:
8816:
8815:
8813:
8809:
8803:
8802:
8798:
8796:
8793:
8791:
8790:
8786:
8784:
8783:
8779:
8777:
8774:
8772:
8771:
8767:
8765:
8764:
8760:
8758:
8757:
8753:
8751:
8748:
8747:
8745:
8743:Pro-communist
8741:
8738:
8734:
8728:
8725:
8723:
8720:
8718:
8715:
8713:
8710:
8708:
8705:
8703:
8700:
8698:
8695:
8693:
8690:
8688:
8685:
8683:
8680:
8678:
8675:
8674:
8672:
8670:Organizations
8668:
8658:
8655:
8653:
8650:
8648:
8645:
8643:
8640:
8638:
8635:
8633:
8630:
8628:
8625:
8623:
8620:
8618:
8615:
8613:
8610:
8608:
8605:
8603:
8600:
8598:
8595:
8593:
8590:
8588:
8585:
8583:
8580:
8578:
8575:
8573:
8570:
8568:
8565:
8563:
8560:
8558:
8555:
8553:
8550:
8548:
8545:
8543:
8540:
8539:
8537:
8533:
8527:
8524:
8522:
8519:
8517:
8514:
8512:
8509:
8507:
8504:
8502:
8501:
8497:
8495:
8492:
8490:
8487:
8485:
8484:Eurocommunism
8482:
8480:
8477:
8475:
8472:
8470:
8467:
8466:
8464:
8462:
8458:
8452:
8449:
8447:
8444:
8442:
8439:
8437:
8434:
8432:
8429:
8427:
8424:
8422:
8419:
8415:
8412:
8411:
8410:
8407:
8405:
8402:
8400:
8397:
8396:
8394:
8392:
8388:
8385:
8381:
8375:
8372:
8370:
8367:
8365:
8362:
8360:
8357:
8355:
8352:
8350:
8347:
8345:
8342:
8340:
8337:
8335:
8332:
8330:
8327:
8325:
8322:
8320:
8317:
8315:
8314:Domino theory
8312:
8310:
8307:
8305:
8302:
8300:
8297:
8296:
8294:
8290:
8284:
8281:
8279:
8276:
8274:
8271:
8269:
8268:South Ossetia
8266:
8264:
8261:
8259:
8256:
8254:
8251:
8249:
8246:
8245:
8243:
8241:
8237:
8231:
8228:
8224:
8221:
8220:
8219:
8216:
8214:
8211:
8209:
8206:
8204:
8201:
8199:
8196:
8194:
8191:
8189:
8186:
8184:
8181:
8179:
8176:
8175:
8173:
8169:
8163:
8160:
8158:
8155:
8153:
8150:
8148:
8145:
8143:
8140:
8138:
8135:
8133:
8130:
8128:
8125:
8123:
8120:
8118:
8115:
8113:
8110:
8108:
8105:
8103:
8100:
8098:
8095:
8093:
8090:
8088:
8085:
8083:
8080:
8078:
8075:
8073:
8070:
8068:
8065:
8062:
8058:
8055:
8053:
8052:8888 Uprising
8050:
8048:
8045:
8043:
8040:
8038:
8035:
8033:
8030:
8028:
8025:
8023:
8020:
8018:
8015:
8013:
8010:
8008:
8005:
8003:
8000:
7998:
7997:Iran–Iraq War
7995:
7993:
7990:
7988:
7985:
7983:
7980:
7978:
7975:
7973:
7970:
7968:
7965:
7963:
7962:Falklands War
7960:
7958:
7955:
7953:
7950:
7948:
7945:
7943:
7940:
7938:
7935:
7933:
7930:
7926:
7923:
7922:
7921:
7918:
7916:
7913:
7911:
7908:
7906:
7902:
7899:
7897:
7894:
7892:
7889:
7888:
7886:
7882:
7876:
7873:
7871:
7868:
7866:
7863:
7861:
7858:
7856:
7853:
7851:
7848:
7846:
7843:
7841:
7838:
7836:
7833:
7831:
7828:
7826:
7825:NDF Rebellion
7823:
7821:
7818:
7816:
7813:
7811:
7808:
7806:
7805:German Autumn
7803:
7801:
7798:
7796:
7793:
7791:
7788:
7786:
7785:
7780:
7778:
7775:
7773:
7770:
7768:
7765:
7763:
7760:
7758:
7755:
7753:
7750:
7748:
7745:
7743:
7740:
7738:
7735:
7733:
7730:
7728:
7725:
7723:
7720:
7718:
7715:
7713:
7710:
7708:
7705:
7703:
7700:
7698:
7695:
7693:
7692:Metapolitefsi
7690:
7688:
7685:
7683:
7680:
7678:
7675:
7673:
7670:
7668:
7665:
7663:
7660:
7658:
7655:
7653:
7650:
7648:
7645:
7643:
7640:
7638:
7635:
7633:
7630:
7628:
7625:
7623:
7620:
7618:
7615:
7613:
7610:
7608:
7605:
7603:
7600:
7598:
7595:
7593:
7590:
7588:
7587:
7583:
7581:
7578:
7576:
7573:
7571:
7568:
7566:
7563:
7561:
7558:
7556:
7553:
7551:
7548:
7546:
7543:
7541:
7538:
7536:
7533:
7532:
7530:
7526:
7520:
7517:
7515:
7512:
7510:
7507:
7505:
7502:
7500:
7497:
7493:
7490:
7489:
7488:
7485:
7483:
7480:
7478:
7475:
7473:
7470:
7468:
7465:
7463:
7461:
7456:
7454:
7453:Prague Spring
7451:
7447:
7444:
7443:
7442:
7439:
7437:
7434:
7432:
7431:Al-Wadiah War
7429:
7427:
7424:
7422:
7419:
7417:
7414:
7412:
7409:
7407:
7404:
7402:
7399:
7397:
7396:12-3 incident
7394:
7392:
7389:
7387:
7384:
7382:
7379:
7377:
7374:
7372:
7369:
7367:
7364:
7362:
7359:
7357:
7354:
7352:
7349:
7347:
7344:
7342:
7339:
7337:
7334:
7332:
7329:
7325:
7322:
7321:
7320:
7317:
7315:
7312:
7310:
7307:
7305:
7302:
7300:
7297:
7295:
7292:
7290:
7287:
7285:
7282:
7280:
7277:
7275:
7272:
7270:
7267:
7265:
7262:
7260:
7257:
7253:
7250:
7248:
7245:
7243:
7240:
7239:
7238:
7235:
7233:
7230:
7228:
7225:
7223:
7220:
7218:
7215:
7213:
7210:
7208:
7205:
7201:
7198:
7197:
7196:
7193:
7189:
7186:
7185:
7184:
7181:
7179:
7176:
7174:
7171:
7169:
7166:
7164:
7161:
7159:
7156:
7155:
7153:
7149:
7143:
7140:
7136:
7133:
7132:
7131:
7128:
7126:
7123:
7121:
7118:
7116:
7113:
7111:
7108:
7106:
7103:
7101:
7098:
7096:
7093:
7091:
7088:
7086:
7083:
7081:
7078:
7076:
7075:
7070:
7067:
7063:
7061:
7058:
7056:
7053:
7051:
7048:
7046:
7043:
7040:
7036:
7034:
7031:
7029:
7026:
7024:
7021:
7019:
7016:
7014:
7011:
7009:
7006:
7004:
7001:
6999:
6996:
6994:
6993:
6988:
6986:
6983:
6981:
6978:
6976:
6975:Domino theory
6973:
6971:
6970:Petrov Affair
6968:
6966:
6963:
6961:
6958:
6956:
6953:
6951:
6948:
6946:
6943:
6941:
6938:
6936:
6933:
6931:
6928:
6926:
6923:
6921:
6918:
6916:
6913:
6911:
6908:
6907:
6905:
6901:
6895:
6892:
6890:
6887:
6885:
6882:
6878:
6875:
6874:
6873:
6870:
6868:
6865:
6863:
6860:
6858:
6855:
6853:
6850:
6848:
6847:Madiun Affair
6845:
6843:
6840:
6838:
6835:
6833:
6830:
6828:
6825:
6823:
6820:
6818:
6815:
6813:
6810:
6808:
6807:Marshall Plan
6805:
6801:
6798:
6796:
6793:
6791:
6788:
6787:
6786:
6783:
6781:
6778:
6776:
6773:
6771:
6768:
6766:
6763:
6761:
6758:
6756:
6753:
6751:
6748:
6746:
6743:
6741:
6738:
6736:
6733:
6731:
6728:
6726:
6723:
6721:
6718:
6716:
6715:
6710:
6708:
6707:
6702:
6700:
6699:
6694:
6692:
6689:
6687:
6684:
6682:
6679:
6677:
6676:
6671:
6669:
6666:
6662:
6659:
6657:
6656:
6651:
6649:
6648:
6643:
6642:
6641:
6638:
6636:
6633:
6631:
6628:
6626:
6623:
6621:
6618:
6617:
6615:
6611:
6605:
6602:
6600:
6597:
6595:
6592:
6590:
6587:
6585:
6582:
6580:
6577:
6575:
6572:
6570:
6567:
6565:
6564:
6560:
6558:
6557:
6556:United States
6553:
6552:
6549:
6545:
6538:
6533:
6531:
6526:
6524:
6519:
6518:
6515:
6508:
6507:
6503:
6501:
6498:
6496:
6493:
6490:
6487:
6485:
6482:
6480:
6477:
6473:
6469:
6468:
6457:
6453:
6452:
6447:
6443:
6439:
6434:
6433:
6427:
6423:
6422:
6408:
6406:2-200-26844-0
6402:
6398:
6394:
6393:
6386:
6385:
6382:
6376:
6372:
6368:
6364:
6363:
6355:
6350:
6347:
6343:
6337:
6331:
6326:
6322:
6318:
6311:
6306:
6305:Umbach, Frank
6303:
6302:
6291:
6287:
6283:
6280:
6276:
6272:
6269:
6265:
6259:
6255:
6251:
6250:
6245:
6241:
6238:
6234:
6230:
6227:
6224:
6218:
6212:
6208:
6203:
6200:
6196:
6192:
6191:
6186:
6182:
6178:
6174:
6170:
6166:
6162:
6161:
6156:
6152:
6149:
6145:
6141:
6140:
6128:
6124:
6123:
6117:
6116:public domain
6108:
6104:
6103:
6097:
6093:
6089:
6088:
6082:
6081:
6061:
6057:
6051:
6036:
6035:
6030:
6026:
6020:
6012:
6008:
6004:
6000:
5996:
5992:
5991:
5986:
5979:
5963:
5959:
5953:
5945:
5939:
5920:
5913:
5907:
5888:
5887:
5879:
5871:
5867:
5861:
5853:
5849:
5843:
5834:
5826:
5820:
5816:
5812:
5811:
5806:
5800:
5792:
5786:
5782:
5778:
5777:
5772:
5766:
5758:
5752:
5748:
5744:
5743:
5735:
5727:
5721:
5717:
5713:
5712:
5704:
5696:
5694:
5686:
5678:
5676:
5670:
5664:
5656:
5650:
5646:
5642:
5641:
5636:
5630:
5622:
5616:
5612:
5611:Prentice-Hall
5608:
5607:
5599:
5591:
5585:
5581:
5580:
5575:
5571:
5565:
5557:
5551:
5547:
5543:
5542:
5534:
5526:
5520:
5517:. Routledge.
5516:
5515:
5511:
5506:
5500:
5492:
5486:
5482:
5481:Nelson Canada
5478:
5477:
5472:
5465:
5457:
5451:
5447:
5446:
5438:
5430:
5424:
5420:
5419:
5414:
5408:
5400:
5394:
5386:
5380:
5376:
5375:
5367:
5359:
5353:
5349:
5348:
5340:
5332:
5326:
5322:
5321:
5317:
5309:
5301:
5295:
5291:
5290:
5282:
5274:
5268:
5264:
5263:Pan Macmillan
5260:
5259:
5254:
5248:
5240:
5234:
5230:
5229:
5228:, pp. 192–193
5225:
5217:
5209:
5207:
5199:
5191:
5185:
5181:
5180:
5172:
5164:
5158:
5154:
5153:
5145:
5137:
5133:
5127:
5119:
5117:5-7511-1819-7
5113:
5109:
5105:
5101:
5094:
5079:
5075:
5071:
5067:
5061:
5059:
5057:
5040:
5036:
5030:
5014:
5010:
5004:
5000:
4996:
4995:
4990:
4989:Havel, Václav
4984:
4968:
4964:
4960:
4956:
4950:
4948:
4931:
4927:
4923:
4917:
4910:
4905:
4896:
4887:
4878:
4862:
4858:
4854:
4850:
4844:
4828:
4824:
4820:
4813:
4811:
4794:
4790:
4786:
4780:
4764:
4760:
4753:
4737:
4733:
4727:
4711:
4707:
4703:
4697:
4681:
4677:
4671:
4664:
4652:
4648:
4644:
4638:
4623:
4619:
4615:
4611:
4607:
4603:
4602:
4597:
4590:
4574:
4570:
4563:
4547:
4543:
4537:
4529:
4523:
4519:
4518:
4510:
4502:
4496:
4492:
4491:
4483:
4467:
4463:
4457:
4453:
4449:
4448:
4443:
4437:
4435:
4426:
4420:
4416:
4412:
4411:
4403:
4395:
4389:
4385:
4381:
4380:
4375:
4374:Childs, David
4369:
4361:
4355:
4351:
4347:
4346:
4341:
4335:
4327:
4321:
4317:
4313:
4312:
4304:
4296:
4290:
4286:
4282:
4281:
4276:
4270:
4254:
4250:
4246:
4240:
4238:
4236:
4234:
4232:
4223:
4219:
4215:
4211:
4207:
4203:
4199:
4195:
4194:
4189:
4183:
4177:
4171:
4165:
4159:
4152:
4148:
4147:
4140:
4132:
4126:
4122:
4118:
4117:
4112:
4111:Larres, Klaus
4108:
4102:
4086:
4082:
4081:
4080:The Economist
4076:
4070:
4054:
4050:
4046:
4040:
4038:
4030:. p. 73.
4029:
4025:
4018:
4002:
3998:
3994:
3988:
3972:
3968:
3962:
3946:
3942:
3938:
3932:
3916:
3912:
3908:
3902:
3886:
3882:
3876:
3869:
3864:
3845:
3838:
3832:
3816:
3812:
3808:
3801:
3782:
3775:
3769:
3762:
3761:Molotov 1954a
3757:
3741:
3737:
3736:Wilson Center
3733:
3727:
3725:
3723:
3721:
3713:
3712:Molotov 1954a
3708:
3689:
3682:
3676:
3674:
3665:
3658:
3650:
3643:
3635:
3631:
3627:
3621:
3614:. p. 56.
3613:
3609:
3605:
3599:
3592:
3591:Molotov 1954a
3587:
3580:
3579:Molotov 1954a
3575:
3568:
3567:Molotov 1954a
3563:
3556:
3555:Molotov 1954a
3551:
3535:
3531:
3525:
3523:
3506:
3502:
3498:
3493:
3489:
3483:
3464:
3457:
3451:
3444:
3438:
3431:
3425:
3409:
3405:
3401:
3396:
3392:
3388:
3384:
3380:
3374:
3358:
3354:
3350:
3346:
3339:
3329:
3320:
3312:
3311:
3303:
3296:
3292:
3289:
3285:
3269:
3265:
3259:
3255:
3254:
3246:
3244:
3228:
3222:
3218:
3213:
3212:
3203:
3201:
3181:
3174:
3168:
3160:
3156:
3150:
3143:
3137:
3130:
3124:
3122:
3114:
3109:
3102:
3096:
3088:
3086:0-86531-413-6
3082:
3078:
3074:
3070:
3069:
3061:
3045:
3041:
3037:
3029:
3027:
3010:
3006:
3002:
2996:
2994:
2992:
2975:
2971:
2967:
2961:
2959:
2957:
2948:
2946:1-878379-81-X
2942:
2938:
2934:
2930:
2929:
2924:
2918:
2910:
2906:
2900:
2892:
2886:
2878:
2872:
2864:
2858:
2854:
2850:
2849:
2841:
2839:
2837:
2828:
2822:
2818:
2814:
2813:
2808:
2802:
2800:
2798:
2793:
2775:
2771:
2766:
2754:
2750:
2742:
2738:
2734:
2730:
2726:
2718:
2714:
2710:
2706:
2702:
2698:
2693:
2687:
2678:
2674:
2670:
2666:
2662:
2654:
2650:
2642:
2638:
2634:
2630:
2626:
2618:
2613:
2606:
2594:
2589:
2583:
2574:
2570:
2566:
2562:
2558:
2554:
2550:
2546:
2542:
2533:
2522:
2518:
2514:
2509:
2503:
2494:
2489:
2483:
2474:
2469:
2463:
2454:
2449:
2443:
2434:
2429:
2422:
2416:
2407:
2403:
2399:
2395:
2391:
2387:
2383:
2379:
2375:
2371:
2367:
2362:
2356:
2347:
2343:
2339:
2335:
2334:Varssavi Pakt
2331:
2327:
2323:
2314:
2303:
2299:
2295:
2290:
2284:
2275:
2270:
2264:
2255:
2250:
2244:
2235:
2231:
2227:
2222:
2216:
2207:
2202:
2195:
2189:
2180:
2173:
2167:
2163:
2152:
2149:
2147:
2144:
2142:
2141:Sovietization
2139:
2137:
2136:Soviet Empire
2134:
2132:
2129:
2124:
2121:
2120:
2118:
2115:
2113:
2110:
2109:
2103:
2101:
2097:
2096:
2091:
2086:
2084:
2080:
2076:
2075:Shanghai Five
2072:
2068:
2063:
2061:
2053:
2050:Expansion of
2048:
2034:
2031:
2029:
2027:
2024:
2023:
2019:
2016:
2014:
2012:
2009:
2008:
2004:
2001:
1999:
1997:
1994:
1993:
1989:
1986:
1984:
1982:
1979:
1978:
1974:
1971:
1969:
1967:
1964:
1963:
1959:
1956:
1954:
1952:
1949:
1948:
1945:
1943:
1940:
1937:
1934:
1933:
1930:
1928:
1925:
1922:
1919:
1918:
1915:
1913:
1910:
1907:
1904:
1903:
1899:
1896:
1893:
1890:
1887:
1886:
1882:
1879:
1876:
1873:
1870:
1869:
1865:
1862:
1859:
1856:
1853:
1852:
1848:
1845:
1842:
1839:
1836:
1835:
1831:
1828:
1825:
1822:
1819:
1818:
1814:
1811:
1808:
1805:
1802:
1801:
1797:
1794:
1791:
1788:
1785:
1784:
1780:
1777:
1774:
1771:
1768:
1767:
1763:
1760:
1757:
1754:
1751:
1750:
1747:
1744:
1742:
1739:
1737:
1734:
1732:
1729:
1727:
1724:
1723:
1720:
1719:
1715:
1710:
1705:
1704:
1685:
1681:
1678:
1675:Przyjaźń 84 (
1674:
1671:
1667:
1664:
1660:
1657:
1653:
1650:
1646:
1643:
1639:
1635:
1634:
1629:
1620:
1615:
1607:
1605:
1601:
1596:
1592:
1588:
1578:
1575:
1571:
1565:
1563:
1559:
1555:
1550:
1543:
1539:
1538:IAR-93 Vultur
1536:The Romanian
1534:
1530:
1526:
1524:
1520:
1516:
1512:
1511:
1506:
1505:
1500:
1496:
1488:
1484:
1479:
1475:
1472:
1468:
1464:
1459:
1450:
1441:
1439:
1435:
1430:
1427:
1422:
1420:
1416:
1412:
1408:
1404:
1400:
1396:
1392:
1388:
1384:
1380:
1379:Soviet Empire
1376:
1372:
1367:
1365:
1361:
1357:
1353:
1343:
1340:
1336:
1333:
1324:
1315:
1306:
1304:
1293:
1290:
1286:
1281:
1279:
1275:
1270:
1268:
1264:
1260:
1256:
1252:
1248:
1244:
1240:
1236:
1232:
1228:
1227:
1222:
1221:
1216:
1211:
1207:
1203:
1199:
1191:
1186:
1177:
1175:
1171:
1167:
1163:
1158:
1156:
1152:
1144:
1139:
1135:
1133:
1129:
1125:
1121:
1117:
1113:
1108:
1100:
1096:
1091:
1086:
1076:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1065:North Vietnam
1062:
1058:
1053:
1051:
1047:
1042:
1022:
1011:
1008:
1004:
999:
994:
992:
987:
982:
979:
975:
970:
965:
962:
958:
947:
945:
940:
935:
933:
928:
923:
920:
916:
911:
906:
905:
904:
898:
894:
890:
886:
882:
878:
877:Todor Zhivkov
874:
870:
865:
856:
854:
850:
846:
842:
838:
834:
830:
826:
825:Soviet forces
821:
819:
818:Marshall Plan
814:
810:
806:
802:
797:
795:
791:
782:
778:
774:
771:
767:
766:Halvard Lange
763:
755:
750:
746:
742:
740:
736:
732:
727:
725:
721:
717:
713:
708:
704:
702:
698:
697:sovietization
694:
690:
686:
682:
678:
674:
670:
666:
662:
658:
654:
650:
646:
642:
638:
634:
630:
625:
619:
615:
611:
608:aligned with
607:
603:
597:
593:
584:
574:
558:
554:
552:
548:
544:
540:
536:
532:
528:
518:
511:
507:
502:
488:
486:
485:Baltic states
482:
478:
474:
470:
465:
463:
459:
455:
451:
447:
443:
439:
435:
431:
427:
422:
418:
414:
413:
409:
403:
399:
395:
391:
387:
383:
379:
376:
372:
368:
364:
360:
356:
352:
348:
344:
335:
332:
328:
321:
318:
315:
312:
311:
309:
306:
301:
294:
291:
288:
285:
284:
282:
279:
274:
267:
255:
252:
240:
237:
225:
222:
210:
207:
195:
192:
180:
177:
165:
162:
150:
149:
147:
141:
138:
134:
130:
127:
123:
112:
108:
105:
101:
98:
94:
83:
79:
76:
73:
69:
65:
61:
54:
49:
45:
40:
30:
26:
22:
13108:Eastern Bloc
12916:Multilateral
12846:Isolationism
12799:Expansionism
12683:
12496:Second World
12373:Shining Path
12203:Turkmenistan
12139:Soviet Union
12084:East Germany
11909:
11884:2002–present
11855:Eastern Bloc
11790:Soviet Union
11697:Alfonso Cano
11647:Gustáv Husák
11637:Sanzō Nosaka
11612:Fidel Castro
11517:Earl Browder
11443:Zachariadism
11429:
11422:
11406:Lovestoneism
11271:Kimjongunism
11252:
11090:Class system
11076:Third Period
10967:Anti-fascism
10574:Independence
10411:Tripartition
10172:
10058:Pyotr Lushev
10009:
9902:
9727:
9576:Soviet Union
9564:Eastern Bloc
9516:
9512:Eastern Bloc
9455:Soviet Union
9408:East Germany
9296:Brinkmanship
9188:intelligence
9077:Marius Oprea
9027:Harvey Klehr
8957:Herbert Feis
8947:Willem Drees
8912:Archie Brown
8829:
8817:
8799:
8789:Trybuna Ludu
8787:
8780:
8776:Radio Moscow
8768:
8761:
8754:
8696:
8582:Anti-Zionism
8498:
8421:Keynesianism
8409:Conservatism
8273:Transnistria
8253:China-Taiwan
7910:Gera Demands
7783:
7584:
7459:
7264:El Porteñazo
7158:Congo Crisis
7073:
7008:Algerian War
6991:
6867:Western Bloc
6862:Eastern Bloc
6857:Iron Curtain
6713:
6705:
6697:
6674:
6654:
6646:
6573:
6563:Soviet Union
6561:
6554:
6504:
6450:
6431:
6397:Armand Colin
6391:
6366:
6361:
6349:Wahl, Alfred
6320:
6316:
6285:
6274:
6252:. Budapest:
6248:
6232:
6206:
6188:
6164:
6158:
6143:
6121:
6101:
6092:the original
6086:
6063:. Retrieved
6050:
6038:. Retrieved
6034:The Guardian
6032:
6019:
5994:
5990:China Report
5988:
5978:
5966:. Retrieved
5952:
5926:. Retrieved
5906:
5894:. Retrieved
5890:(Microfiche)
5884:
5878:
5869:
5860:
5851:
5842:
5833:
5809:
5799:
5775:
5765:
5741:
5734:
5710:
5703:
5692:
5685:
5674:
5663:
5639:
5629:
5605:
5598:
5578:
5564:
5540:
5533:
5513:
5509:
5499:
5475:
5464:
5444:
5437:
5417:
5407:
5393:
5373:
5366:
5346:
5339:
5323:. Springer.
5319:
5315:
5308:
5288:
5281:
5257:
5247:
5227:
5223:
5216:
5205:
5198:
5178:
5171:
5151:
5144:
5135:
5126:
5103:
5099:
5093:
5081:. Retrieved
5069:
5043:. Retrieved
5029:
5017:. Retrieved
4993:
4983:
4971:. Retrieved
4962:
4934:. Retrieved
4916:
4908:
4904:
4895:
4886:
4877:
4865:. Retrieved
4856:
4843:
4831:. Retrieved
4827:the original
4822:
4797:. Retrieved
4788:
4779:
4767:. Retrieved
4752:
4740:. Retrieved
4726:
4714:. Retrieved
4705:
4696:
4684:. Retrieved
4670:
4662:
4655:. Retrieved
4646:
4637:
4625:. Retrieved
4605:
4599:
4589:
4577:. Retrieved
4573:the original
4562:
4550:. Retrieved
4536:
4516:
4509:
4489:
4482:
4470:. Retrieved
4446:
4409:
4402:
4378:
4368:
4344:
4334:
4310:
4303:
4279:
4275:Webb, Adrian
4269:
4257:. Retrieved
4248:
4197:
4191:
4182:
4170:
4158:
4145:
4143:spiegel.de:
4139:
4115:
4107:Kramer, Mark
4101:
4089:. Retrieved
4078:
4069:
4057:. Retrieved
4023:
4017:
4005:. Retrieved
3996:
3987:
3975:. Retrieved
3961:
3949:. Retrieved
3931:
3919:. Retrieved
3901:
3889:. Retrieved
3875:
3863:
3851:. Retrieved
3842:. Nato.int.
3831:
3819:. Retrieved
3811:the Guardian
3810:
3800:
3788:. Retrieved
3768:
3756:
3744:. Retrieved
3707:
3695:. Retrieved
3663:
3657:
3648:
3642:
3629:
3626:Gaddis, John
3620:
3607:
3598:
3586:
3574:
3562:
3550:
3538:. Retrieved
3509:. Retrieved
3482:
3470:. Retrieved
3461:. Nato.int.
3450:
3442:
3437:
3429:
3424:
3412:. Retrieved
3383:Soviet Union
3373:
3361:. Retrieved
3352:
3338:
3328:
3319:
3313:(in German).
3308:
3302:
3284:
3272:. Retrieved
3252:
3230:. Retrieved
3210:
3187:. Retrieved
3167:
3158:
3149:
3141:
3136:
3128:
3112:
3108:
3100:
3095:
3067:
3060:
3048:. Retrieved
3039:
3013:. Retrieved
2978:. Retrieved
2927:
2917:
2908:
2899:
2885:
2871:
2847:
2811:
2773:
2769:
2748:
2736:
2724:
2712:
2700:
2696:
2672:
2660:
2648:
2636:
2624:
2612:
2428:
2201:
2188:
2179:
2166:
2112:Eastern Bloc
2093:
2087:
2081:(SCO) after
2064:
2057:
1745:
1740:
1735:
1730:
1725:
1717:
1716:
1713:
1708:
1663:East Germany
1587:Soviet Union
1584:
1566:
1562:Iron Curtain
1551:
1547:
1527:
1508:
1502:
1492:
1455:
1431:
1423:
1387:Soviet Union
1383:Western Bloc
1375:Eastern Bloc
1368:
1349:
1339:Army General
1299:
1289:Václav Havel
1282:
1271:
1267:Soviet Union
1251:East Germany
1224:
1223:and liberal
1218:
1210:Iron Curtain
1195:
1159:
1148:
1104:
1054:
1030:
1021:Soviet Union
957:East Germany
902:
879:(Bulgaria),
873:Gustáv Husák
822:
798:
790:East Germany
787:
775:
759:
743:
728:
709:
705:
626:
623:
610:West Germany
539:Iron Curtain
527:West Germany
523:
466:
430:Western Bloc
423:
410:
397:
393:
375:Eastern Bloc
371:Soviet Union
354:
350:
346:
342:
340:
330:Affiliations
293:Pyotr Lushev
266:Soviet Union
206:East Germany
144:Membership
137:Soviet Union
133:Russian SFSR
125:Headquarters
63:Abbreviation
29:
13168:Imperialism
13058:Warsaw Pact
13012:Geopolitics
12891:Sovereignty
12871:Imperialism
12784:Colonialism
12769:Appeasement
12684:Warsaw Pact
12481:Red fascism
12119:North Korea
12014:Afghanistan
11920:Vietnam War
11910:Warsaw Pact
11830:Great Purge
11815:Great Break
11652:János Kádár
11627:Kim Il Sung
11607:Che Guevara
11572:Enver Hoxha
11507:Ho Chi Minh
11448:Brezhnevism
11431:Rankovićism
11206:Vanguardism
11186:Secretariat
11024:Partiinost'
10736:(1848–1922)
10734:World War I
10518:(1526–1848)
10379:(1153–1167)
10360:1000–1301 (
10173:Warsaw Pact
10096:Pavel Batov
10010:Warsaw Pact
9891:Dissolution
9831:Martial law
9754:Revolts and
9728:Warsaw Pact
9517:Warsaw Pact
9493:Byelorussia
9122:Shen Zhihua
8932:Michael Cox
8864:competition
8811:Pro-Western
8801:Soviet Life
8727:Safari Club
8697:Warsaw Pact
8552:Nationalism
8542:Imperialism
8441:Reaganomics
8304:Containment
8097:Perestroika
7586:Realpolitik
7416:Six-Day War
7401:Greek junta
7212:Berlin Wall
7060:Suez Crisis
7028:Vietnam War
6915:McCarthyism
6730:Baruch Plan
6675:Unthinkable
6635:Dekemvriana
6574:Warsaw Pact
6352: [
6328: [
6308: [
6077:Works cited
6065:23 December
5669:Ascoli, Max
5136:History.com
4823:www.enrs.eu
4789:History.com
4627:17 February
4249:History.com
4151:Der Spiegel
3821:18 December
3363:24 December
3050:24 December
3015:22 December
2980:22 December
2629:Azerbaijani
2131:Russosphere
1803:Helicopters
1746:Warsaw Pact
1736:Warsaw Pact
1714:Warsaw Pact
1682:Shield 84 (
1668:Shield 82 (
1589:to prevent
1510:perestroika
1481:A Romanian
1220:perestroika
1120:Vietnam War
1097:during the
1061:North Korea
897:János Kádár
891:(Romania),
869:East Berlin
689:John Gaddis
679:with Eden,
657:Stalin Note
641:four powers
602:West Berlin
343:Warsaw Pact
36:Warsaw Pact
13052:Categories
12966:Liberalism
12911:Friendship
12896:Suzerainty
12412:Trotskyism
12402:Bolshevism
12248:Montenegro
12229:Yugoslavia
12213:Uzbekistan
12198:Tajikistan
12173:Kyrgyzstan
12168:Kazakhstan
12148:Azerbaijan
12114:Mozambique
12008:By country
11895:Korean War
11727:Xi Jinping
11687:Siad Barre
11467:Mao Zedong
11401:Browderism
11336:Pol Potism
11308:Pantherism
10511:reconquest
10502:Dual reign
10175:militaries
10026:Ivan Konev
9845:Conditions
9823:Solidarity
9756:opposition
9428:Yugoslavia
8890:Historians
8881:Space Race
8782:Rudé právo
8736:Propaganda
8592:Neo-Nazism
8562:Chauvinism
8516:Trotskyism
8431:Monetarism
8399:Liberalism
8391:Capitalism
8383:Ideologies
8334:Ostpolitik
8057:Solidarity
8022:Toyota War
7925:Solidarity
7782:Operation
7737:Ogaden War
7426:Dhofar War
7314:Shifta War
7072:Operation
6920:Korean War
6712:Operation
6704:Operation
6696:Operation
6673:Operation
6653:Operation
6645:Operation
6146:. London:
5019:27 October
4007:17 January
3333:Europeans.
3310:Die Presse
3075:. p.
2935:. p.
2784:References
2705:Lithuanian
2641:Belarusian
2473:Belarusian
2366:Lithuanian
2254:Belarusian
2083:Uzbekistan
1950:Submarines
1764:3,573,100
1647:"Vltava" (
1487:CFE Treaty
1397:, and the
1335:Ivan Konev
1305:, Poland.
1265:, and the
1263:Yugoslavia
1116:Korean War
1055:At first,
735:Eisenhower
673:James Dunn
651:(UK), and
592:Yugoslavia
496:Beginnings
434:proxy wars
287:Ivan Konev
117:1991-07-01
96:Founded at
88:1955-05-14
13002:Diplomacy
12906:Bilateral
12804:Grey-zone
12757:Coalition
12716:1919–1939
12711:1814–1919
12706:1648–1814
12486:Red Scare
12471:New class
12283:Comintern
12243:Macedonia
12183:Lithuania
11879:1989–2002
11874:1976–1989
11869:1949–1976
11809:1982–1991
11804:1964–1982
11799:1953–1964
11794:1927–1953
11632:Chin Peng
11487:José Díaz
11438:Dubčekism
11385:Stalinism
11352:Nkrumaism
11347:Sankarism
11232:Guevarism
11227:Castroism
11181:Politburo
10891:(1949–89)
10131:(1989–91)
10123:(1976–89)
10115:(1968–76)
10107:(1965–68)
10099:(1962–65)
10091:(1955–62)
10061:(1989–91)
10053:(1977–89)
10045:(1967–76)
10037:(1960–67)
10029:(1955–60)
9904:Die Wende
9877:Economies
9718:Cominform
9701:(to 1948)
9663:(to 1961)
9591:Formation
9581:Communism
9479:1982–1991
9474:1964–1982
9469:1953–1964
9464:1927–1953
9459:1917–1927
9372:Communist
9177:Ken Young
9022:Tony Judt
8871:Arms race
8844:Red Scare
8712:NN States
8657:Apartheid
8612:Autocracy
8521:Stalinism
8489:Guevarism
8479:Castroism
8469:Communism
8461:Socialism
7987:Star Wars
7580:Koza riot
6706:Beleaguer
6698:Masterdom
6448:(1954b).
6428:(1966b).
6181:159502812
6148:Routledge
6011:0009-4455
5968:23 August
5928:23 August
5695:, p. 199"
5083:9 January
5045:23 August
4973:23 August
4833:23 August
4799:23 August
4769:23 August
4742:23 August
4716:23 August
4686:23 August
4622:153463433
4579:29 August
4552:23 August
4472:23 August
4384:Routledge
4285:Routledge
4259:23 August
4222:246005881
4174:see also
4162:see also
4091:23 August
3274:1 January
3232:1 January
3189:22 August
2789:Citations
2741:Ukrainian
2686:romanized
2653:Bulgarian
2582:romanized
2573:Ukrainian
2532:romanized
2502:romanized
2493:Bulgarian
2482:romanized
2462:romanized
2442:romanized
2415:romanized
2406:Ukrainian
2355:romanized
2338:Hungarian
2313:romanized
2283:romanized
2274:Bulgarian
2263:romanized
2243:romanized
2215:romanized
1888:Artillery
1761:3,660,200
1758:3,090,000
1755:2,213,593
1752:Personnel
1718:estimates
1436:over its
1369:However,
1296:Structure
1151:Imre Nagy
1128:Dirty War
1027:Observers
899:(Hungary)
415:is being
357:), was a
110:Dissolved
71:Successor
12961:Feminism
12814:Idealism
12809:Hegemony
12762:Military
12747:Alliance
12740:Concepts
12726:Cold War
12608:Glossary
12441:Cold War
12420:See also
12407:Leninism
12258:Slovenia
12153:Byelarus
12109:Mongolia
12089:Ethiopia
12078:Slovakia
12039:Cambodia
12034:Bulgaria
11850:Cold War
11717:Gus Hall
11424:Đilasism
11411:Marcyism
11390:American
11331:National
11277:Kadarism
11248:Husakism
11243:Hoxhaism
11215:Variants
11064:Yugoslav
10945:Concepts
9872:Politics
9398:Bulgaria
9329:Timeline
9319:Category
9264:See also
8756:Izvestia
8597:Islamism
8494:Hoxhaism
8369:Rollback
8248:Abkhazia
8188:Gulf War
8092:Glasnost
7462:incident
7232:Sand War
7090:Ifni War
6599:Rio Pact
6544:Cold War
6373:. 2007.
6334:. 2005.
5962:Archived
5938:cite web
5919:Archived
5807:(2005).
5773:(2020).
5677:, p. 32"
5671:(1965).
5637:(1985).
5576:(1973).
5514:, p. 189
5507:(2014).
5473:(1990).
5255:(2015).
5208:, p. 13"
5078:45343492
5039:Archived
5013:Archived
4991:(2007).
4967:Archived
4930:Archived
4861:Archived
4793:Archived
4763:Archived
4736:Archived
4710:Archived
4680:Archived
4651:Archived
4546:Archived
4466:Archived
4376:(2014).
4342:(2006).
4277:(2014).
4253:Archived
4153:20/1983)
4085:Archived
4053:Archived
4001:Archived
3997:BBC News
3977:1 August
3971:Archived
3951:1 August
3945:Archived
3921:1 August
3915:Archived
3891:1 August
3885:Archived
3883:. CVCE.
3844:Archived
3815:Archived
3781:Archived
3746:1 August
3740:Archived
3697:1 August
3688:Archived
3686:. CVCE.
3628:(1997).
3606:(1991).
3534:Archived
3505:Archived
3501:CBC News
3463:Archived
3408:Archived
3404:CBC News
3391:Bulgaria
3357:Archived
3291:Archived
3268:Archived
3180:Archived
3044:Archived
3040:nato.int
3009:Archived
2974:Archived
2925:(1998).
2665:Estonian
2557:Romanian
2521:Georgian
2453:Armenian
2390:Romanian
2330:Estonian
2302:Georgian
2234:Armenian
2226:Albanian
2106:See also
1670:Bulgaria
1656:Bulgaria
1638:Szczecin
1581:Strategy
1570:Mongolia
1504:glasnost
1469:). When
1371:de facto
1278:Gulf War
1259:Bulgaria
1226:glasnost
1215:national
1168:and the
1112:Cold War
1085:Cold War
1041:Mongolia
827:invaded
813:Bulgaria
712:Gaullist
408:template
386:Cold War
176:Bulgaria
12981:Realism
12971:Marxism
12834:Liberal
12752:Entente
12698:History
12626:Present
12278:Comecon
12238:Croatia
12219:Vietnam
12208:Ukraine
12188:Moldova
12163:Georgia
12158:Estonia
12143:Armenia
12134:Somalia
12129:Romania
12099:Hungary
12094:Grenada
12073:Czechia
12019:Albania
11784:History
11597:Pol Pot
11417:Titoism
11364:Dengism
11341:African
10897:(1989–)
10341:Magyars
10194:(until
9723:COMECON
9623:Romania
9618:Hungary
9522:Comecon
9498:Ukraine
9423:Romania
9413:Hungary
9393:Albania
8819:Amerika
8702:Comecon
8587:Fascism
8577:Zionism
8526:Titoism
8067:Contras
7535:Détente
6812:Comecon
6418:Memoirs
6281:, 1985.
6239:, 1969)
6199:2619779
6040:14 June
5401:. 1994.
5320:, p. 68
5210:. 1991.
4761:. CNN.
4214:2195705
4113:(ed.).
4059:31 July
3853:31 July
3790:31 July
3540:31 July
3511:16 July
3472:31 July
3414:16 July
3387:Albania
2688::
2617:Russian
2584::
2541:Latvian
2504::
2484::
2464::
2444::
2433:Russian
2417::
2374:Latvian
2357::
2285::
2265::
2245::
2217::
2206:Russian
1900:71,560
1883:70,330
1866:11,465
1849:59,470
1686:, 1984)
1679:, 1984)
1672:, 1982)
1665:, 1969)
1658:, 1967)
1651:, 1966)
1644:, 1962)
1591:Central
1405:of the
1356:De jure
1276:in the
1255:Romania
1243:Hungary
1235:Albania
859:Members
853:Hungary
851:), and
845:Romania
829:Hungary
809:Romania
805:Hungary
754:UAZ-469
714:leader
653:Bidault
633:Molotov
614:Albania
606:enclave
533:inside
491:History
446:Romania
442:Albania
421:
316:(first)
289:(first)
251:Romania
221:Hungary
161:Albania
115: (
86: (
81:Founded
12943:Theory
12901:Treaty
12789:Crisis
12490:Second
12253:Serbia
12193:Russia
12178:Latvia
12124:Poland
12024:Angola
11456:People
11287:Maoism
11261:Songun
11059:Soviet
10864:(1922)
10853:(1921)
10847:(1920)
10841:(1920)
10835:(1918)
10824:(1918)
10818:(1918)
10812:(1917)
10801:(1901)
10780:(1877)
10774:(1876)
10768:(1874)
10762:(1873)
10756:(1869)
10750:(1868)
10716:(1679)
10710:(1626)
10704:(1621)
10675:(1815)
10669:(1809)
10663:(1797)
10657:(1791)
10651:(1772)
10640:(1739)
10634:(1723)
10628:(1718)
10622:(1699)
10611:(1664)
10605:(1606)
10557:(1711)
10551:(1570)
10545:(1549)
10539:(1541)
10533:(1538)
10527:(1526)
10493:(1515)
10487:(1491)
10481:(1479)
10475:(1479)
10464:(1474)
10458:(1463)
10452:(1444)
10446:(1412)
10440:(1358)
10434:(1352)
10428:(1351)
10422:(1336)
10401:(1271)
10395:(1233)
10373:(1102)
9743:(WFDY)
9735:(WFTU)
9418:Poland
9374:period
8770:Pravda
8572:Racism
8511:Maoism
8263:Kosovo
7784:Condor
7460:Pueblo
7446:May 68
7074:Gladio
6992:Tuapse
6655:Jungle
6647:Priboi
6491:(1989)
6403:
6377:
6371:Lindau
6338:
6260:
6213:
6197:
6179:
6118:.
6009:
5896:11 May
5821:
5787:
5753:
5722:
5651:
5645:Pinter
5617:
5586:
5552:
5521:
5487:
5452:
5425:
5381:
5354:
5327:
5296:
5269:
5235:
5186:
5159:
5114:
5076:
5005:
4936:4 June
4867:29 May
4657:8 July
4620:
4524:
4497:
4458:
4421:
4390:
4356:
4322:
4291:
4220:
4212:
4127:
3385:joins
3381:, the
3260:
3223:
3103:(1983)
3083:
2943:
2859:
2823:
2729:Slovak
2717:Kyrgyz
2677:Kazakh
2565:Slovak
2549:Polish
2523::
2398:Slovak
2382:Polish
2346:Kyrgyz
2322:German
2304::
2067:Russia
1941:24,400
1938:10,309
1911:71,000
1908:35,351
1897:57,060
1894:43,400
1891:14,458
1880:46,900
1877:22,400
1863:18,070
1860:44,200
1857:18,240
1846:30,690
1843:51,500
1840:16,424
1832:1,608
1815:2,785
1798:2,783
1781:7,876
1677:Poland
1642:Poland
1303:Warsaw
1285:Prague
1274:Kuwait
1239:Poland
1101:, 1968
1095:Prague
1063:, and
1038:
1018:
954:
837:Poland
811:, and
739:Dulles
737:, and
665:France
647:(US),
645:Dulles
590:
588:
579:
571:
569:
563:
510:Warsaw
392:, the
367:Poland
363:Warsaw
322:(last)
295:(last)
263:
248:
236:Poland
233:
218:
203:
188:
173:
158:
129:Moscow
104:Poland
100:Warsaw
12926:Peace
12881:Power
12876:Peace
12633:BRICS
12224:Yemen
12059:Congo
12054:China
12029:Benin
11865:China
11254:Juche
11221:Cuban
11191:State
10352:(894)
9255:Stasi
8722:SAARC
8717:ASEAN
8682:SEATO
8535:Other
8500:Juche
8258:Korea
8171:1990s
7884:1980s
7528:1970s
7151:1960s
6903:1950s
6613:1940s
6594:NEATO
6589:SEATO
6579:ANZUS
6365:[
6356:]
6332:]
6319:[
6312:]
6195:JSTOR
6177:S2CID
5922:(PDF)
5915:(PDF)
5102:[
5074:JSTOR
4618:S2CID
4218:S2CID
4210:JSTOR
4121:Wiley
3847:(PDF)
3840:(PDF)
3784:(PDF)
3777:(PDF)
3691:(PDF)
3684:(PDF)
3466:(PDF)
3459:(PDF)
3183:(PDF)
3176:(PDF)
2753:Uzbek
2593:Uzbek
2513:Czech
2294:Czech
1926:2,550
1874:4,153
1837:Tanks
1812:5,720
1809:3,700
1806:2,419
1795:4,075
1778:7,130
1775:8,250
1772:3,977
1483:TR-85
1057:China
731:Nixon
677:Paris
604:, an
406:‹The
355:TFCMA
12672:Past
12104:Laos
12064:Cuba
11009:Foco
10513:and
10196:1968
8795:TASS
8687:METO
8677:NATO
7903:and
7901:1980
7458:USS
6584:METO
6569:NATO
6401:ISBN
6375:ISBN
6336:ISBN
6258:ISBN
6223:NATO
6211:ISBN
6067:2014
6042:2013
6007:ISSN
5970:2018
5944:link
5930:2018
5898:2021
5886:1989
5819:ISBN
5785:ISBN
5751:ISBN
5720:ISBN
5649:ISBN
5615:ISBN
5584:ISBN
5550:ISBN
5519:ISBN
5485:ISBN
5450:ISBN
5423:ISBN
5379:ISBN
5352:ISBN
5325:ISBN
5294:ISBN
5267:ISBN
5233:ISBN
5184:ISBN
5157:ISBN
5112:ISBN
5085:2022
5047:2018
5021:2015
5003:ISBN
4975:2018
4938:2012
4869:2021
4835:2018
4801:2018
4771:2018
4744:2018
4718:2018
4688:2018
4659:2019
4629:2023
4581:2020
4554:2018
4522:ISBN
4495:ISBN
4474:2018
4456:ISBN
4419:ISBN
4388:ISBN
4354:ISBN
4320:ISBN
4289:ISBN
4261:2018
4125:ISBN
4093:2018
4061:2013
4009:2012
3979:2013
3953:2013
3923:2013
3911:CVCE
3893:2013
3855:2013
3823:2016
3792:2013
3748:2013
3699:2013
3542:2013
3513:2011
3492:U.K.
3490:and
3488:U.S.
3474:2013
3416:2011
3379:NATO
3365:2015
3276:2016
3258:ISBN
3234:2016
3221:ISBN
3191:2013
3081:ISBN
3052:2015
3017:2015
2982:2015
2941:ISBN
2857:ISBN
2821:ISBN
2774:VShT
2060:NATO
2052:NATO
1990:102
1960:228
1741:NATO
1731:NATO
1726:Type
1593:and
1507:and
1499:Cuba
1413:and
1188:The
1107:NATO
649:Eden
573:NATO
535:NATO
504:The
444:and
341:The
12933:War
10572:to
9250:KGB
9245:MVD
9230:MI6
9225:MI5
9220:CIA
8692:EEC
6169:doi
5999:doi
5870:UPI
5852:UPI
4610:doi
4202:doi
3077:137
2770:ВШТ
2751:),
2749:ОВД
2739:),
2737:OVZ
2727:),
2725:ВКУ
2715:),
2713:VSO
2703:),
2701:VKU
2697:ВКҰ
2675:),
2673:VLO
2663:),
2661:ОВД
2651:),
2649:АВД
2639:),
2637:VMT
2627:),
2625:ОВД
2035:24
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