28:
139:
448:
The Lower
Follifoot Grit, Silver Hills Sandstone, Nottage Crag Grit, Marchup Grit, Red Scar Grit, Ward’s Stone Sandstone, Cocklett Scar Sandstones and Dure Clough Sandstones are all assigned to the following Arnsbergian sub-stage. The Kinderscoutian includes the Kinder Grit, Longnor Sandstones, Shale
487:
across the areas where it outcrops is considerable. In neighbouring limestone areas, gritstone has often been preferred in the past for use as gateposts and lintels. The very name of the rock derives from its widespread use within cornmills where it proved suitable for grinding stones. It also found
413:
Rivers running north off the Wales-Brabant High deposited material in the southern parts of the
Pennine basin from northeast Wales to the Peak District. Southerly flowing rivers from this same landmass were responsible for the Millstone Grit/Marros Group succession in South Wales.
488:
agricultural use as drinking troughs for animals. The majority of the quarrying for such use took place along the eastern edges of the Peak
District. Millstone Edge was a significant source whilst abandoned millstones can be seen below the edges at Stanage, Froggatt and Baslow.
254:
A millstone shaped from
Millstone Grit quarried in the area has been adopted as the emblem of the Peak District National Park. As an image, the millstone is widely visible on literature but use is made of the objects themselves at many of the entrances to the National Park.
421:. Britain lay in the equatorial region. At times of high sea-level, silt and mud accumulated within the Pennine basin whilst at times of low sea-level, major deltas prograded across the region, their legacy being the thick sandstone beds of the Millstone Grit Group.
518:
developed at much the same time as access for walkers to the moors of the
Pennines was established during the first half of the twentieth century. Their proximity to large centres of population resulted in their rapid development as climbing venues.
429:
The
Millstone Grit Group comprises over thirty individually named sandstones, some of regional extent, others more local in their occurrence. The intervening mudstones and siltstones are not generally named though important
105:
Rocks assigned to the
Millstone Grit Group occur over a wide area of Northern England, where they are a hugely important landscape-forming element of the rock succession. They also occur in parts of northeast
406:, though was formerly referred to as St George's Land. Other uplands the erosion of which would provide the source material for the Millstone Grit lay to the north and northeast of the region. The
417:
During much of the
Carboniferous Period, world sea-levels were fluctuating in response to the growth and decline of a series of major ice-caps over the continents then clustered around the
231:
Towards the western margins of the Peak
District are a rather more broken series of edges, facing in a variety of directions, from those surrounding the high plateaux of
467:
The closing sub-stage of the
Namurian, the Yeadonian includes the Lower Haslingden Flags and the last sandstone in the entire Millstone Grit succession known as the
217:
483:
Various of the sandstone beds of the Millstone Grit have been quarried for building stone, paving flags and roofing material. Its use in the construction of
514:
The gritstone edges of West Yorkshire and the Peak District provide one of the classic areas in Britain for rock climbing. Public access to these edges for
634:
83:
441:
of central Lancashire. It is succeeded by the sandstone known variously as the Brennand Grit, Warley Wise Grit and Grassington Grit. These are all of
453:
225:
221:
205:
352:
was formerly considered to be the uppermost unit of the Millstone Grit series of South Wales though it is now included within the overlying
752:
691:
742:
757:
464:, Gorpley Grit, Pule Hill Grit, Fletcher Bank Grit, Brooksbottom Grit, Five Clouds Sandstones and Sheen Sandstones are assigned.
609:
348:. The thickest bed of sandstone within it was known as the Basal Grit and this has now been renamed as the Twrch Sandstone. The
747:
368:
in northwest Ireland, describing the series of shales, grits, and coal seams, occurring from the base of the Namurian upwards.
660:
719:
515:
544:
184:
The ‘eastern edges of the Peak District’ comprise a broadly north-south arranged series of west-facing cliffs from
82:
was formerly used to refer to the rocks now included within the Millstone Grit Group together with the underlying
228:
in the south. To the east of these edges is a broad band of relatively flat moorland known as the Eastern Moors.
93:
describes any sandstone composed of coarse angular grains, and specifically refers to such sandstones within the
17:
449:
Grit, Todmorden Grit, Parsonage Sandstone, Heysham Harbour Sandstone, Eldroth Grit and Ellel Crag Sandstone.
178:
410:
received input of sand and mud largely from southerly directed rivers from these northern landmasses.
341:
118:, the specifics of the sequence varying from one area to another. They give rise both to a number of
340:
are found though the Millstone Grit Series of this region has recently been formally renamed by the
503:
710:
713:(Report) (Digitized 2010, Original from Cornell University ed.). H.M. Stationery Office.
431:
403:
79:
492:
is a notable type of Millstone Grit sourced from around the village of Bramley, near Leeds.
452:
The next sub-stage of the Namurian succession is the Marsdenian and it is to this that the
380:
271:
75:
8:
353:
727:. Vol. Palaeontology, Volume 5, part 3. London : Palaeontological Association.
499:
into which numerous wells and boreholes have been sunk to provide local water supplies.
489:
275:
685:
613:
540:
279:
395:
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region. One particular east-west aligned landmass stretched from Wales through the
387:
209:
472:
283:
130:
throughout the region, many of which are of considerable cultural significance.
484:
365:
267:
259:
181:
and fringed with broken outcrops of gritstone are characteristic of the area.
736:
667:
407:
391:
384:
349:
197:
166:
150:
66:. Geologists refer to the whole suite of rocks that encompass the individual
55:
51:
36:
721:
The Palaeontology of the Namurian Rocks of Slieve Anierin, Co. Leitrim, Eire
475:
which attains a thickness of around 45m though is more generally 15m thick.
711:
Explanation to Accompany Sheets 1-, Volume 60; Volumes 62-63; Volumes 65-90
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457:
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They are the major landscape-forming rocks of the northern part of the
119:
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67:
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59:
47:
27:
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127:
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390:. At this time a series of isolated uplands existed across the
114:. The group comprises a succession of sandstones, mudstones and
58:. The name derives from its use in earlier times as a source of
437:
The oldest, and hence lowermost in the succession is the thick
158:
138:
456:, Huddersfield White Rock, Holcombe Brook Grit, Greta Grits,
302:
A small area of Millstone Grit Group rocks stretches through
107:
708:
588:
British Regional Geology: the Pennines and adjacent areas
571:
539:. Grassington: Yorkshire Dales National Park Committee.
553:
445:(E1) age – the lowermost sub-stage of the Namurian.
599:
Various of BGS 1:50,000 scale geological map sheets
286:they cover the south-east edge, but north of the
734:
157:) and of its eastern and western flanks in the
332:The term "Millstone Grit" was also adopted in
294:, they form only cappings to separate hills.
582:
580:
537:Geology of the Yorkshire Dales National Park
97:and neighbouring areas of Northern England.
528:
258:These rocks extend northwards through the
100:
577:
402:to the continent and is now known as the
173:. The great expanses of moorland around
137:
26:
14:
735:
690:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
534:
478:
717:
559:
46:is any of a number of coarse-grained
701:
31:The Salt Cellar, a gritstone tor on
24:
753:Stratigraphy of the United Kingdom
709:Geological Survey Ireland (1878).
502:Crushed gritstone is also used as
364:The term has also been adopted at
297:
25:
769:
509:
495:Some of the sandstones serve as
376:The Millstone Grit dates to the
743:Sandstone in the United Kingdom
506:in path and road construction.
424:
336:where rocks of similar age and
758:Carboniferous System of Europe
653:
627:
602:
593:
572:Geological Survey Ireland 1878
321:
282:, also in Lancashire. At the
13:
1:
748:Geology of the United Kingdom
639:Stone in Archaeology Database
522:
310:into the northwest corner of
145:in the eastern Peak district
7:
718:Yates, Patricia J. (1957).
641:. University of Southampton
590:(4th Edn) (BGS, Nottingham)
133:
10:
774:
586:Aitkenhead, N. et al 2002
371:
359:
325:
78:. The term Millstone Grit
354:South Wales Coal Measures
342:British Geological Survey
239:to the imposing crags of
70:beds and the intervening
535:Wilson, Alfred (1992).
434:within them are named.
270:and westwards into the
126:, and a series of high
101:Geographical occurrence
62:for use principally in
54:age which occur in the
146:
74:as the Millstone Grit
40:
471:. It is a widespread
326:Further information:
188:in the north through
141:
30:
635:"Bramley Fall Stone"
272:Forest of Rossendale
218:Dobb/Chatsworth Edge
562:, pp. 356–357.
479:Economic importance
122:, known locally as
490:Bramley Fall stone
404:Wales-Brabant High
147:
41:
702:Secondary sources
280:Forest of Bowland
84:Edale Shale Group
16:(Redirected from
765:
728:
726:
714:
696:
695:
689:
681:
679:
678:
672:
666:. Archived from
665:
657:
651:
650:
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646:
631:
625:
624:
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612:. Archived from
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600:
597:
591:
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563:
557:
551:
550:
532:
396:English Midlands
21:
773:
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762:
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683:
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676:
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661:"Archived copy"
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485:dry stone walls
481:
454:Chatsworth Grit
427:
374:
362:
330:
324:
300:
298:Northeast Wales
284:Yorkshire Dales
136:
103:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
771:
761:
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755:
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745:
730:
729:
715:
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698:
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626:
601:
592:
576:
574:, p. 188.
564:
552:
545:
526:
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521:
511:
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480:
477:
426:
423:
373:
370:
366:Slieve Anierin
361:
358:
323:
320:
299:
296:
268:West Yorkshire
260:South Pennines
251:in the south.
135:
132:
110:and northwest
102:
99:
44:Millstone Grit
18:Millstone grit
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
770:
759:
756:
754:
751:
749:
746:
744:
741:
740:
738:
723:
722:
716:
712:
707:
706:
693:
687:
673:on 2009-11-12
669:
662:
656:
640:
636:
630:
616:on 2009-11-11
615:
611:
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561:
556:
548:
546:0-905455-34-7
542:
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527:
520:
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510:Rock climbing
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422:
420:
415:
411:
409:
408:Pennine Basin
405:
401:
397:
393:
392:British Isles
389:
386:
385:Carboniferous
382:
379:
369:
367:
357:
355:
351:
350:Farewell Rock
347:
343:
339:
335:
329:
319:
317:
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309:
305:
295:
293:
289:
288:Craven Faults
285:
281:
277:
276:West Pennines
273:
269:
265:
261:
256:
252:
250:
249:Ramshaw Rocks
246:
242:
238:
234:
229:
227:
226:Fallinge Edge
223:
219:
215:
211:
210:Gardom's Edge
207:
203:
199:
198:Froggatt Edge
195:
191:
187:
182:
180:
176:
172:
168:
167:Staffordshire
164:
160:
156:
152:
151:Peak District
144:
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113:
109:
98:
96:
92:
87:
85:
81:
77:
73:
69:
65:
61:
57:
56:British Isles
53:
52:Carboniferous
49:
45:
38:
37:Peak District
34:
29:
19:
720:
675:. Retrieved
668:the original
655:
643:. Retrieved
638:
629:
618:. Retrieved
614:the original
610:"Black Rock"
604:
595:
587:
567:
555:
536:
530:
513:
501:
494:
482:
466:
462:Ashover Grit
458:Roaches Grit
451:
447:
436:
432:marine bands
428:
425:Stratigraphy
416:
412:
375:
363:
346:Marros Group
331:
328:Marros Group
301:
257:
253:
233:Kinder Scout
230:
222:Harland Edge
214:Birchen Edge
194:Burbage Edge
190:Stanage Edge
186:Bamford Edge
183:
148:
143:Stanage Edge
123:
104:
88:
43:
42:
33:Derwent Edge
439:Pendle Grit
400:East Anglia
334:South Wales
322:South Wales
241:the Roaches
206:Baslow Edge
202:Curbar Edge
120:escarpments
737:Categories
677:2009-12-20
645:13 January
620:2009-12-20
560:Yates 1957
523:References
469:Rough Rock
419:South Pole
312:Shropshire
304:Flintshire
292:weathering
264:Lancashire
237:Combs Moss
179:Black Hill
163:Derbyshire
116:siltstones
64:watermills
60:millstones
48:sandstones
504:aggregate
443:Pendleian
338:lithology
290:, due to
245:Hen Cloud
155:Dark Peak
91:gritstone
89:The term
72:mudstones
68:limestone
39:, England
686:cite web
516:climbing
497:aquifers
378:Namurian
316:Oswestry
278:and the
175:Bleaklow
171:Cheshire
159:counties
134:Pennines
128:plateaux
95:Pennines
383:of the
372:Origins
360:Ireland
344:as the
308:Wrexham
112:Ireland
35:in the
543:
388:Period
80:Series
725:(PDF)
671:(PDF)
664:(PDF)
381:Stage
314:near
153:(the
124:edges
108:Wales
76:Group
692:link
647:2023
541:ISBN
473:unit
398:and
306:and
274:and
266:and
247:and
235:and
224:and
177:and
169:and
262:of
161:of
50:of
739::
688:}}
684:{{
637:.
579:^
460:,
356:.
318:.
243:,
220:,
216:,
212:,
208:,
204:,
200:,
196:,
192:,
165:,
86:.
694:)
680:.
649:.
623:.
549:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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