1838:, both in terms of the books that it contained, and the version of the text in them, and an acceptance that new texts could not be added, there came a need to produce material that would clearly differentiate between that text, and rabbinic interpretation of it. By collecting and compiling these thoughts they could be presented in a manner which helped to refute claims that they were only human interpretations—the argument being that, by presenting the various collections of different schools of thought, each of which relied upon close study of the text, the growing difference between early biblical law and its later rabbinic interpretation could be reconciled.
1158:
258:
147:. "They reimagine dominant narratival readings while crafting new ones to stand alongside—not replace—former readings. Midrash also asks questions of the text; sometimes it provides answers, sometimes it leaves the reader to answer the questions". Vanessa Lovelace defines midrash as "a Jewish mode of interpretation that not only engages the words of the text, behind the text, and beyond the text, but also focuses on each letter, and the words left unsaid by each line".
33:
5379:
901:
3642:
5393:
1005:(writing) in the second. The meaning of the Hebrew word in these contexts is uncertain: it has been interpreted as referring to "a body of authoritative narratives, or interpretations thereof, concerning historically important figures" and seems to refer to a "book", perhaps even a "book of interpretation", which might make its use a foreshadowing of the technical sense that the rabbis later gave to the word.
1814:, clearly distinguish between the Biblical texts that they discuss, and the rabbinic interpretation of that text. They often go well beyond simple interpretation, and derive or provide support for halakha. This work is based on pre-set assumptions about the sacred and divine nature of the text, and the belief in the legitimacy that accords with rabbinic interpretation.
1079:(Jewish law). The presence of words or letters which are seen to be apparently superfluous, and the chronology of events, parallel narratives or what are seen as other textual "anomalies" are often used as a springboard for interpretation of segments of Biblical text. In many cases, a handful of lines in the Biblical narrative may become a long philosophical discussion
2488:
to be found in heaven (Deuteronomy 30:12) has been interpreted. Baruch 3:29-4:1 states that this means that divine wisdom is not available anywhere other than in the Torah. Targum
Neophyti (Deuteronomy 30:12) and b. Baba Metzia 59b claim that this text means that Torah is no longer hidden away, but has been given to humans who are then responsible for following it.
1049:, "Midrash was initially a philological method of interpreting the literal meaning of biblical texts. In time it developed into a sophisticated interpretive system that reconciled apparent biblical contradictions, established the scriptural basis of new laws, and enriched biblical content with new meaning. Midrashic creativity reached its peak in the schools of
2359:). Although referred to collectively as the Midrash Rabbah, they are not a cohesive work, being written by different authors in different locales in different historical eras. The ones on Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy are chiefly made up of homilies on the Scripture sections for the Sabbath or festival, while the others are rather exegetical.
2067:. This is a halakhic commentary on Exodus, concentrating on the legal sections, from Exodus 12 to 35. It derives halakha from Biblical verses. This midrash collection was redacted into its final form around the 3rd or 4th century; its contents indicate that its sources are some of the oldest midrashim, dating back possibly to the time of
2320:. This work that stresses the reasons underlying the commandments, the importance of knowing Torah, prayer, and repentance, and the ethical and religious values that are learned through the Bible. It consists of two sections, Seder Eliyahu Rabbah and Seder Eliyahu Zuta. It is not a compilation but a uniform work with a single author.
1057:, where two different hermeneutic methods were applied. The first was primarily logically oriented, making inferences based upon similarity of content and analogy. The second rested largely upon textual scrutiny, assuming that words and letters that seem superfluous teach something not openly stated in the text."
2061:. The former is still studied today, while the latter was used by many medieval Jewish authorities. While the latter (bar Yohai) text was popularly circulated in manuscript form from the 11th to 16th centuries, it was lost for all practical purposes until it was rediscovered and printed in the 19th century.
1867:
Aggadic discussions of the non-legal parts of
Scripture are characterized by a much greater freedom of exposition than the halakhic midrashim (midrashim on Jewish law). Aggadic expositors availed themselves of various techniques, including sayings of prominent rabbis. These aggadic explanations could
2115:
to the Sifra are ambiguous; It is uncertain whether the texts mentioned in the Talmud are to an earlier version of our Sifra, or to the sources that the Sifra also drew upon. References to the Sifra from the time of the early medieval rabbis (and after) are to the text extant today. The core of this
1092:
parable or allegory: indicating deeper meanings of the words of the text as speaking of something other than the superficial meaning of the words or of everyday reality, as when the love of man and woman in the Song of Songs is interpreted as referring to the love between God and Israel as in Isaiah
2487:
Kugel traces how and why biblical interpreters produced new meanings by the use of exegesis on ambiguities, syntactical details, unusual or awkward vocabulary, repetitions, etc. in the text. As an example, Kugel examines the different ways in which the biblical story that God's instructions are not
1110:
or minor midrashim. Bernard H. Mehlman and Seth M. Limmer deprecate this usage claiming that the term "minor" seems judgmental and "small" is inappropriate for midrashim some of which are lengthy. They propose instead the term "medieval midrashim", since the period of their production extended from
160:
Rabbi Nahman said in Rabbi Samuel's name: "Behold, it was very good" refers to the Good Desire; "AND behold, it was very good" refers to the Evil Desire. Can then the Evil Desire be very good? That would be extraordinary! But without the Evil Desire, however, no man would build a house, take a wife
2473:
has written that midrash is an imaginative way of "updating, enhancing, augmenting, explaining, and justifying the sacred text". Because the Tanakh came to be seen as unintelligible or even offensive, midrash could be used as a means of rewriting it in a way that both makes it more acceptable to
2466:
According to Carol Bakhos, recent studies that use literary-critical tools to concentrate on the cultural and literary aspects of midrash have led to a rediscovery of the importance of these texts for finding insights into the rabbinic culture that created them. Midrash is increasingly seen as a
2453:
A wealth of literature and artwork has been created in the 20th and 21st centuries by people aspiring to create "contemporary midrash". Forms include poetry, prose, Bibliodrama (the acting out of Bible stories), murals, masks, and music, among others. The
Institute for Contemporary Midrash was
1026:
Lieve M. Teugels, who would limit midrash to rabbinic literature, offered a definition of midrash as "rabbinic interpretation of
Scripture that bears the lemmatic form", a definition that, unlike Porton's, has not been adopted by others. While some scholars agree with the limitation of the term
2369:
interpretations and expositions, many of which are only loosely tied to the text. It is often interlaced with maxims and parables. Its redactor drew upon earlier rabbinic sources, including the
Mishnah, Tosefta, the halakhic midrashim the Targums. It apparently drew upon a version of Talmud
1022:
A definition of "midrash" repeatedly quoted by other scholars is that given by Gary G. Porton in 1981: "a type of literature, oral or written, which stands in direct relationship to a fixed, canonical text, considered to be the authoritative and revealed word of God by the midrashist and his
2077:. Based on the same core material as Mekhilta de Rabbi Ishmael, it followed a second route of commentary and editing, and eventually emerged as a distinct work. The Mekhilta of Rabbi Shimon is an exegetical midrash on Exodus 3 to 35, and is very roughly dated to near the fourth century.
2226:(9th century) on the whole Pentateuch; its homilies often consist of a halakhic introduction, followed by several poems, exposition of the opening verses, and the Messianic conclusion. There are actually a number of different Midrash Tanhuma collections. The two most important are
2132:, going back mainly to the schools of the same two Rabbis. This work is mainly a halakhic midrash, yet includes a long haggadic piece in sections 78–106. References in the Talmud, and in the later Geonic literature, indicate that the original core of Sifre was on the
2484:(Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 1997), examines a number of early Jewish and Christian texts that comment on, expand, or re-interpret passages from the first five books of the Tanakh between the third century BCE and the second century CE.
3119:
3058:
3029:
2136:, Exodus and Deuteronomy. However, transmission of the text was imperfect, and by the Middle Ages, only the commentary on Numbers and Deuteronomy remained. The core material was redacted around the middle of the 3rd century.
1903:
Some of these midrashim entail mystical teachings. The presentation is such that the midrash is a simple lesson to the uninitiated, and a direct allusion, or analogy, to a mystical teaching for those educated in this area.
3148:
3236:
1817:
Although this material treats the biblical texts as the authoritative word of God, it is clear that not all of the Hebrew Bible was fixed in its wording at this time, as some verses that are cited differ from the
3192:
2148:"). This work is a halakhic commentary on the book of Numbers. The text of this midrash is only partially preserved in medieval works, while other portions were discovered by
2608:
584:
1124:) or interpret biblical narrative in relation to non-legal ethics or theology, creating homilies and parables based on the text. In the latter case they are described as
2228:
2071:. The midrash on Exodus that was known to the Amoraim is not the same as our current mekhilta; their version was only the core of what later grew into the present form.
2454:
formed to facilitate these reinterpretations of sacred texts. The institute hosted several week-long intensives between 1995 and 2004, and published eight issues of
161:
and beget children; and thus said
Solomon: "Again, I considered all labour and all excelling in work, that it is a man's rivalry with his neighbour." (Kohelet IV, 4)
2855:
2292:) containing both halakhic and aggadic midrash. It was compiled by Shimon ha-Darshan in the 13th century CE and is collected from over 50 other midrashic works.
1920:
2116:
text developed in the mid-3rd century as a critique and commentary of the
Mishnah, although subsequent additions and editing went on for some time afterwards.
1035:, and of the Hebrew Bible (in particular the superscriptions of the Psalms, Deuteronomy, and Chronicles), and even modern compositions are called midrashim.
2312:
of Yemen (14th century). It is a compilation of aggadic midrashim on the
Pentateuch taken from the two Talmuds and earlier Midrashim of Yemenite provenance.
4883:
3680:
3087:
2370:
Yerushalmi that resembles, yet was not identical to, the text that survived to present times. It was redacted sometime in the early fifth century.
5444:
5273:
3421:
2798:
2931:
2691:
2252:
Although the first is the one most widely distributed today, when the medieval authors refer to
Midrash Tanchuma, they usually mean the second.
3567:
3956:
2884:
2005:
1788:
3287:
Timothy H. Lim, "The
Origins and Emergence of Midrash in Relation to the Hebrew Scriptures" in Jacob Neusner, Alan J. Avery-Peck (editors),
2853:
Chan Man Ki, "A Comparative Study of Jewish Commentaries and Patristic Literature on the Book of Ruth" (University of Pretoria 2010), p. 112
2705:
Lovelace, Vanessa (2018-09-11). "Womanist Midrash: A Reintroduction to the Women of the Torah and the Throne, written by Wilda C. Gafney".
1043:
Midrash is now viewed more as method than genre, although the rabbinic midrashim do constitute a distinct literary genre. According to the
562:
2832:
5233:
3286:
3271:
609:
3670:
3751:
3665:
143:
Midrash and rabbinic readings "discern value in texts, words, and letters, as potential revelatory spaces", writes the Hebrew scholar
3650:
3546:
Narratology, Hermeneutics, and Midrash: Jewish, Christian, and Muslim Narratives from the Late Antique Period Through to Modern Times
1388:
3401:
2420:
has been transmitted in two versions. One edition is represented by the first printed edition (at Pesaro in 1519); the other is the
3780:
3461:
3111:
2600:
3441:
5279:
2945:
929:
725:
631:
2990:
4379:
3833:
3331:
3256:
3050:
1106:
Numerous Jewish midrashim previously preserved in manuscript form have been published in print, including those denominated as
531:
412:
407:
3370:
4374:
3021:
3005:
399:
3589:
2975:
2960:
2579:
1060:
Many different exegetical methods are employed to derive deeper meaning from a text. This is not limited to the traditional
3718:
3140:
2424:
edition, based on manuscript J.I.4 from the Biblioteca Casanatense in Rome. This latter version (Buber's) is quoted by the
4283:
3228:
206:, especially if capitalized, can refer to a specific compilation of these rabbinic writings composed between 400 and 1200
154:"And God saw all that He had made, and found it very good. And there was evening, and there was morning, the sixth day." (
4394:
4389:
3813:
3346:
2630:
2111:. The Sifra work follows the tradition of Rabbi Akiva with additions from the School of Rabbi Ishmael. References in the
2057:
1285:
660:
5206:
4083:
2852:
435:
430:
3702:
2769:
5439:
4234:
4088:
2667:
2329:
1998:
1781:
578:
443:
4143:
4051:
3184:
2365:, This text dates from the sixth century. A midrash on Genesis, it offers explanations of words and sentences and
2351:(great commentaries), a collection of ten midrashim on different books of the Bible (namely, the five books of the
958:), which means "resort to, seek, seek with care, enquire, require", forms of which appear frequently in the Bible.
854:
335:
2991:
Lidija Novaković, "The Scriptures and Scriptural Interpretation" in Joel B. Green, Lee Martin McDonald (editors),
5308:
4502:
1383:
1378:
1093:
5. Similar systems were later adopted by other religions, such as Christianity, and applied to texts such as the
1008:
Since the early Middle Ages the function of much of midrashic interpretation has been distinguished from that of
894:
764:
526:
3229:"Craig A. Evans, "Listening for Echoes of Interpreted Scripture" in Craig A. Evans, James A. Sanders (editors),
2192:, a compilation of homilies on special Pentateuchal and Prophetic lessons (early 8th century), in two versions:
5429:
4184:
3744:
3685:
2913:
603:
5434:
5285:
4606:
1577:
1089:
prophecy: reading the text as an account of something happening or about to happen in the interpreter's time;
730:
5348:
5216:
5211:
4399:
4384:
4148:
4103:
3848:
3622:
1991:
1774:
171:
that interprets Scripture in that manner. Such works contain early interpretations and commentaries on the
5313:
5298:
4179:
4039:
2905:
2498:
1912:
922:
769:
1086:
paraphrase: recounting the content of the biblical text in different language that may change the sense;
626:
5267:
5161:
4812:
4706:
4414:
4347:
3908:
3798:
3079:
1852:
Midrashim that seek to explain the non-legal portions of the Hebrew Bible are sometimes referred to as
3316:
3301:
1915:
1913:
5383:
5323:
5221:
5201:
5071:
4996:
4856:
4723:
4409:
4369:
3737:
3417:
2790:
2234:
2051:
1336:
1280:
849:
17:
3390:
257:
5303:
5134:
4433:
4308:
3559:
3525:
2256:
1916:
1602:
1511:
1045:
986:
794:
615:
573:
417:
3304:
Modern Midrash: The Retelling of Traditional Jewish Narratives by Twentieth-Century Hebrew Writers
2880:
1917:
5256:
5245:
4839:
4760:
4465:
4364:
4303:
4189:
4162:
2428:, as well as medieval Jewish authorities. It was probably redacted sometime in the fifth century.
2031:
1473:
1373:
1014:, straight or direct interpretation aiming at the original literal meaning of a scriptural text.
819:
804:
754:
589:
389:
377:
358:
3168:
1914:
5292:
5262:
4325:
2828:
2212:(not before 8th century), a midrashic narrative of the more important events of the Pentateuch.
1690:
1061:
915:
878:
870:
814:
784:
621:
594:
322:
3212:
2095:. This work covers topics from the creation of the universe to the construction of the Second
5318:
5239:
5021:
4728:
4611:
4352:
4342:
4335:
4320:
4206:
3655:
2309:
2244:
2200:
2019:
1418:
809:
799:
698:
5353:
5343:
4846:
3818:
2397:
1918:
1572:
1493:
1112:
749:
735:
650:
557:
484:
8:
5001:
4969:
4895:
4804:
4750:
4357:
4157:
3891:
3856:
2553:
2432:
2413:
2316:
2208:
2096:
1488:
1478:
1468:
1413:
1149:
779:
774:
759:
740:
675:
670:
463:
195:), which usually form a running commentary on specific passages in the Hebrew Scripture (
168:
3457:
5419:
5333:
5328:
5139:
4861:
4738:
4733:
4718:
4688:
4641:
4564:
4470:
4330:
3903:
3808:
3775:
2730:
2685:
2391:
1498:
1483:
1448:
1023:
audience, and in which this canonical text is explicitly cited or clearly alluded to".
982:
966:
883:
865:
824:
640:
459:
353:
343:
4616:
4492:
5424:
5117:
5048:
4930:
4915:
4698:
4569:
4534:
3823:
2734:
2722:
2673:
2663:
2538:
2149:
2083:
1652:
1526:
1368:
1107:
716:
655:
422:
2156:. It seems to be older than most other midrash, coming from the early third century.
5183:
5151:
5112:
5083:
5066:
5016:
4817:
4626:
4559:
4512:
4460:
4428:
4419:
4404:
4278:
4253:
4229:
4113:
4044:
3961:
3828:
3362:
3334:
To See and Not Perceive: Isaiah 6.9-10 in Early Jewish and Christian Interpretation
2714:
2508:
2379:
2301:
2264:
2092:
1627:
1557:
1516:
1438:
1433:
1224:
1118:
Generally speaking, rabbinic midrashim either focus on religious law and practice (
567:
545:
474:
394:
348:
51:
37:
5093:
5088:
4900:
4827:
4660:
4631:
4554:
4544:
4507:
4482:
4298:
4293:
4288:
4273:
4268:
4258:
4243:
4034:
3951:
3918:
3876:
3866:
3706:
3597:
2917:
2859:
2660:
Womanist Midrash : a reintroduction to the women of the Torah and the throne
2634:
2583:
2576:
2305:
2296:
2195:
2133:
2125:
2036:
1823:
1811:
1802:
1720:
1642:
1562:
1506:
1262:
1141:
155:
81:
3712:
3628:
5397:
5372:
5193:
5100:
5058:
5038:
5026:
5006:
4920:
4910:
4878:
4871:
4851:
4822:
4794:
4789:
4755:
4665:
4589:
4579:
4517:
4315:
4263:
4174:
4169:
3931:
3926:
3861:
3790:
2637:
2628:
2477:
2425:
2385:
2324:
2284:
2276:
2182:
2177:
2046:
1819:
1698:
1685:
1647:
1622:
1597:
1408:
1249:
974:
789:
665:
479:
270:
241:
3634:
3367:. article "Talmud and Midrash", section "Modes of interpretation and thought""
2718:
2467:
literary and cultural construction, responsive to literary means of analysis.
5413:
5166:
5011:
4938:
4745:
4679:
4652:
4601:
4549:
4522:
4497:
4487:
4248:
4194:
4128:
4108:
4098:
4093:
4066:
4012:
3941:
3886:
3289:
The Midrash. An Encyclopaedia of Biblical Interpretation in Formative Judaism
2726:
2677:
2513:
2470:
2439:
2421:
2401:
2373:
2362:
2356:
2343:
2239:
1632:
1567:
1428:
1423:
1166:
1157:
1094:
1068:
1050:
1032:
313:
308:
211:
172:
2474:
later ethical standards and conforms more to later notions of plausibility.
5146:
4943:
4905:
4866:
4455:
4199:
4138:
4118:
4078:
4061:
4029:
4017:
3978:
3896:
3871:
3548:, ed Constanza Cordoni, Gerhard Langer, V&R unipress GmbH, 2014, pg 71
2761:
2170:
2153:
1835:
1754:
1531:
905:
521:
516:
505:
327:
282:
144:
3215:
The Library of Qumran: On the Essenes, Qumran, John the Baptist, and Jesus
2818:
ENCYCLOPAEDIA JUDAICA, Second Edition, Volume 14, pg 182, Moshe David Herr
5156:
4671:
4596:
4574:
4477:
4071:
4000:
3995:
3983:
3973:
3625:
Includes a five-part series on the classic approaches to reading Midrash.
2993:
The World of the New Testament: Cultural, Social, and Historical Contexts
2527:
2407:
2248:, much to many students' confusion, this too is sometimes referred to as
2222:
2140:
2129:
2068:
1521:
1330:
1054:
179:(spoken law and sermons), as well as non-legalistic rabbinic literature (
32:
3724:
5250:
4957:
4539:
4133:
3881:
3803:
1711:
1637:
990:
844:
494:
292:
207:
176:
2232:, literally the published text. This is also sometimes referred to as
5171:
4636:
4527:
4438:
4056:
3990:
2543:
2503:
2108:
1979:
4007:
140:), which means "resort to, seek, seek with care, enquire, require".
4890:
4832:
4777:
4772:
4443:
3729:
2910:
2216:
1974:
1962:
1897:
1877:
499:
125:
117:
3641:
2935:(Oxford University Press 2011): "Midrash and midrashic literature"
5105:
4984:
4974:
4962:
4782:
4767:
4711:
4646:
4621:
4584:
4448:
4123:
4022:
3946:
3838:
3764:
3114:
Bible and Midrash: The Story of "The Wooing of Rebekah" (Gen. 24)
2948:
Bible and Midrash: The Story of "The Wooing of Rebekah" (Gen. 24)
2533:
2523:
2366:
1957:
1952:
1893:
1885:
1847:
1733:
1443:
1350:
1210:
1197:
1192:
1183:
1127:
1074:
1065:
511:
297:
190:
182:
111:
1027:"midrash" to rabbinic writings, others apply it also to certain
5176:
5043:
4979:
2548:
2289:
2269:
2112:
1969:
1942:
1665:
1229:
1214:
1028:
706:
489:
196:
124:. The word itself means "textual interpretation", "study", or "
121:
3169:
Gary G. Porton, "Defining Midrash" in Jacob Neusner (editor),
2862:, citing Gary G. Porton, "Rabbinic Midrash" in Jacob Neusner,
1911:
5127:
5122:
5076:
5031:
4952:
4947:
4211:
3966:
3936:
2352:
2145:
2120:
2103:
1947:
1889:
1873:
1869:
1807:
1676:
1325:
1305:
1000:
994:
287:
249:
114:
69:
3521:
2049:. There are two versions of this midrash collection. One is
2045:. The Mekhilta essentially functions as a commentary on the
2035:. This book is a midrash on the names of the letters of the
5226:
3760:
2518:
2288:. A collection of midrash on the entire Hebrew Scriptures (
1881:
989:(ESV) translate the word as "story" in both instances; the
2868:
Questions and Answers: Intellectual Foundations of Judaism
72:
1806:
is the name given to a group of tannaitic expositions on
120:
using a rabbinic mode of interpretation prominent in the
60:
3629:
Sacred Texts: Judaism: Tales and Maxims from the Midrash
3511:
ENCYCLOPAEDIA JUDAICA, Second Edition, Volume 14, pg 183
3502:
ENCYCLOPAEDIA JUDAICA, Second Edition, Volume 14, pg 195
3493:
ENCYCLOPAEDIA JUDAICA, Second Edition, Volume 14, pg 194
3481:
ENCYCLOPAEDIA JUDAICA, Second Edition, Volume 14, pg 193
3319:
Modern Midrash: Jewish Identity and Literary Creativity
3082:
Modern Midrash: Jewish Identity and Literary Creativity
2644:
Dictionary of Targumim, Talmud and Midrashic Literature
3171:
The Study of Ancient Judaism: Mishnah, Midrash, Siddur
1868:
be philosophical or mystical disquisitions concerning
3349:
Significance of the Dead Sea Scrolls and other Essays
1834:
With the growing canonization of the contents of the
1082:
Jacob Neusner distinguishes three midrash processes:
1896:, legends, satirical assaults on those who practice
1859:
1853:
1125:
1119:
1111:
the twilight of the rabbinic age to the dawn of the
1072:
1009:
947:
188:
180:
129:
97:
66:
63:
3444:
Medieval Midrash: The House for Inspired Innovation
3274:
Dictionary of Biblical Criticism and Interpretation
57:
54:
3637:—entry in historical sourcebook by Mahlon H. Smith
3631:extracted and translated by Samuel Rapaport, 1908.
3418:"Jewish Encyclopedia (1905): "Midrashim, Smaller""
2238:. The other is based on a manuscript published by
2260:, on the first two Books of Kings (I, II Samuel).
1810:of the Hebrew Bible. These midrashim, written in
5411:
2456:Living Text: The Journal of Contemporary Midrash
3143:Midrash as Literature: The Primacy of Discourse
2698:
2410:, (probably before the middle of ninth century)
2404:) (probably before the middle of ninth century)
2448:
1101:
3745:
3084:(University of Michigan 2005), pp. 42 and 83"
2963:The Origins of Midrash: From Teaching to Text
2657:
2572:
2570:
1999:
1782:
923:
27:Traditional Jewish exegesis of Biblical texts
3590:"Review of J. L. Kugel, The Bible as It Was"
2933:The Oxford Dictionary of the Jewish Religion
2588:Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary
953:
135:
92:
5234:Center of Contemporary Jewish Documentation
2751:9:7, translation from Soncino Publications)
3752:
3738:
3106:
3104:
3008:Targum and New Testament: Collected Essays
2690:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
2567:
2006:
1992:
1789:
1775:
1071:, which are used in the interpretation of
930:
916:
187:) and occasionally Jewish religious laws (
150:An example of a midrashic interpretation:
2091:). Traditionally attributed to the Tanna
1927:
1389:Baraita on the Erection of the Tabernacle
3781:Index of Jewish history-related articles
3522:"The Institute for Contemporary Midrash"
2704:
2662:(First ed.). Louisville, Kentucky.
2173:(probably before middle of 9th century).
31:
5280:United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
3917:
3489:
3487:
3101:
2927:
2925:
2376:(tenth or eleventh and twelfth century)
2280:, a commentary on the book of Proverbs.
14:
5445:Hebrew words and phrases in Jewish law
5412:
3458:"My Jewish Learning: What Is Midrash?"
3406:(Wipf and Stock 2014), pp. 1−2 and 7−8
3351:(African Books Collective 2013), p. 59
3261:(Wipf and Stock 2006), p. 644 (vol. 2)
3024:Current Trends in the Study of Midrash
2881:"Old Testament Hebrew Lexicon: Darash"
3733:
2461:
1822:, and accord with the Septuagint, or
1135:
946:is derived from the root of the verb
228:a collection of such interpretations.
3759:
3484:
3442:Bernard H. Mehlman, Seth M. Limmer,
2922:
1841:
981:of the book of the kings". Both the
965:occurs twice in the Hebrew Bible: 2
3725:English translation and Hebrew text
3557:
2866:Vol. 1, p. 217; and Jacob Neusner,
2308:: מדרש הגדול) was written by Rabbi
2058:Mekhilta of Rabbi Shimon ben Yochai
1286:Mekhilta of Rabbi Shimon bar Yochai
954:
167:The term Midrash is also used of a
136:
93:
85:
24:
5227:YIVO Institute for Jewish Research
5207:American Jewish Historical Society
3570:from the original on 20 March 2017
25:
5456:
3713:Abridged translations of Tanchuma
3616:
3291:(Leiden: BRILL 2004), pp. 595-612
3231:Paul and the Scriptures of Israel
3187:Biblical Interpretation at Qumran
2336:
2330:Baraita de-Rabbi Pinehas ben Yair
5391:
5378:
5377:
3640:
2160:
1156:
899:
256:
225:the method used in interpreting;
50:
3582:
3551:
3539:
3528:from the original on 2014-01-04
3514:
3505:
3496:
3475:
3464:from the original on 2018-08-01
3450:
3435:
3424:from the original on 2018-08-01
3410:
3395:
3384:
3373:from the original on 2018-08-01
3355:
3340:
3325:
3310:
3295:
3280:
3265:
3250:
3239:from the original on 2024-02-29
3221:
3206:
3195:from the original on 2024-02-29
3177:
3162:
3151:from the original on 2024-02-29
3133:
3122:from the original on 2024-02-29
3090:from the original on 2024-02-29
3072:
3061:from the original on 2024-02-29
3043:
3032:from the original on 2024-02-29
3014:
2999:
2984:
2969:
2954:
2939:
2898:
2887:from the original on 2018-08-01
2873:
2846:
2835:from the original on 2018-08-01
2821:
2801:from the original on 2018-08-01
2772:from the original on 2018-09-17
2611:from the original on 2023-06-27
2526:, a Polish-language journal on
1384:Baraita on the Thirty-two Rules
1379:Baraita of the Forty-nine Rules
895:Outline of Bible-related topics
222:Judaic biblical interpretation;
210:. According to Gary Porton and
5299:Relations with other religions
3686:New International Encyclopedia
2812:
2783:
2754:
2741:
2651:
2622:
2593:
604:Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia
218:has three technical meanings:
128:", derived from the root verb
89:
13:
1:
5286:Encyclopedia of the Holocaust
3623:Midrash Section of Chabad.org
3321:(University of Michigan 2005)
2795:(1906): "Midrashim, Smaller""
2707:Horizons in Biblical Theology
2605:(Wipf and Stock 2014), p. xi"
2560:
2152:in his research in the famed
1578:Iggeret of Rabbi Sherira Gaon
1017:
731:Historical-grammatical method
5217:Leo Baeck Institute New York
5212:American Sephardi Federation
3564:The New York Review of Books
3145:(Wipf and Stock 2003), p. 3"
2829:"Collins English Dictionary"
2024:
1038:
232:
7:
4040:Constantinopolitan Karaites
3010:(Mohr Siebeck 2011), p. 417
2980:(Wipf and Stock 2014), p. 9
2499:Allegory in the Middle Ages
2491:
2449:Contemporary Jewish midrash
1860:
1854:
1751:Targum to the Five Megillot
1126:
1120:
1102:Jewish midrashic literature
1073:
1010:
948:
189:
181:
130:
98:
10:
5461:
5268:National Library of Israel
3909:Zionism, race and genetics
2250:Midrash Tanhuma Yelamdenu.
2017:
1845:
1829:
1139:
1031:writings, to parts of the
1001:
995:
726:Allegorical interpretation
5366:
5222:Yeshiva University Museum
5202:Center for Jewish History
5192:
5057:
4929:
4803:
4697:
4228:
3847:
3789:
3771:
3233:(Bloomsbury 2015), p. 50"
3055:(Bloomsbury 2006), p. 71"
2870:(Hendrickson 2005), p. 41
2864:Judaism in Late Antiquity
2719:10.1163/18712207-12341379
2347:— widely studied are the
2304:: the great midrash) (in
2235:Midrash Tanhuma Yelamdenu
2229:Midrash Tanhuma Ha Nidpas
2065:Mekhilta of Rabbi Ishmael
2052:Mekhilta of Rabbi Ishmael
1337:Mekhilta le-Sefer Devarim
1281:Mekhilta of Rabbi Ishmael
103:
5440:Hebrew words and phrases
3814:Ancient Israel and Judah
3365:Encyclopaedia Britannica
3336:(Bloomsbury 1989), p. 14
3276:(Routledge 2007), p. 226
3257:George Wesley Buchanan,
2382:(middle seventh century)
2242:and is usually known as
2075:Mekhilta of Rabbi Shimon
1046:Encyclopaedia Britannica
999:(book) in the first, as
987:English Standard Version
616:Novum Testamentum Graece
418:Composition of the Torah
4190:North African Sephardim
4163:Jewish tribes of Arabia
3671:Encyclopædia Britannica
3189:(Eerdmans 2005), p. 86"
3116:(Peeters 2004), p. 168"
2764:Encyclopædia Britannica
2032:Alphabet of Rabbi Akiva
1474:Pirkei De-Rabbi Eliezer
1374:Alphabet of Rabbi Akiva
1331:Sifrei Zutta on Numbers
1318:Numbers and Deuteronomy
5293:Holocaust Encyclopedia
5263:Jewish Virtual Library
3674:(11th ed.). 1911.
3560:"The Midrash Mishmash"
3173:(KTAV 1981), pp. 59−92
2950:(Peeters 2004), p. 162
2658:Gafney, Wilda (2017).
1928:Classical compilations
1691:Targum Pseudo-Jonathan
1062:thirteen textual tools
879:Criticism of the Bible
622:Documentary hypothesis
165:
40:
5430:Religious terminology
5240:Encyclopaedia Judaica
5022:Sefer Raziel HaMalakh
4207:Sephardic Bnei Anusim
3957:Udmurt and Tatar Jews
3656:Catholic Encyclopedia
3645:Texts on Wikisource:
3259:The Gospel of Matthew
3080:"Adam Nathan Chalom,
3026:(BRILL 2006), p. 163"
2995:(Baker Academic 2013)
2416:, (seventh century).
2245:Midrash Tanhuma Buber
2201:Pesikta de-Rav Kahana
2020:Rabbinical literature
1419:Pesikta de-Rav Kahana
1306:Sifra (Torat Kohanim)
977:", and 24:27 "in the
632:NT textual categories
152:
35:
5435:Ancient Hebrew texts
3819:Second Temple period
3317:Adam Nathan Chalom,
2398:Shir HaShirim Rabbah
1892:, feasts and fasts,
1808:the first five books
1760:Targum to Chronicles
1573:Shir ha-Shirim Zutta
1494:Shir HaShirim Rabbah
1113:Age of Enlightenment
579:Internal consistency
485:Samaritan Pentateuch
5257:Jewish Encyclopedia
5002:Hekhalot literature
4813:Religious movements
4348:Judeo-Tripolitanian
3697:Full text resources
3600:on 26 December 2017
3446:(BRILL 2016), p. 21
3347:Jonathan S. Nkoma,
3302:David C. Jacobson,
3272:Stanley E. Porter,
3213:Hartmut Stegemann,
3112:"Lieve M. Teugels,
2965:(BRILL 2017), p. 16
2906:Brown–Driver–Briggs
2793:Jewish Encyclopedia
2482:The Bible as It Was
2458:from 1997 to 2000.
2433:Ecclesiastes Rabbah
2418:Lamentations Rabbah
2414:Lamentations Rabbah
2317:Tanna Devei Eliyahu
2209:Pirqe Rabbi Eliezer
2097:Temple in Jerusalem
1489:Ecclesiastes Rabbah
1479:Tanna Devei Eliyahu
1469:Avot de-Rabbi Natan
1414:Lamentations Rabbah
1174:Talmudic literature
1150:Rabbinic literature
413:New Testament canon
408:Old Testament canon
336:Chapters and verses
5398:Judaism portal
5334:Jews and Halloween
5329:Jews and Christmas
4719:Rabbinic authority
4471:Judaeo-Piedmontese
3904:Xueta Christianity
3809:Origins of Judaism
3776:Outline of Judaism
2946:Lieve M. Teugels,
2916:2018-08-01 at the
2858:2018-08-01 at the
2633:2019-11-18 at the
2582:2016-03-04 at the
2462:Contemporary views
2392:Deuteronomy Rabbah
1499:Deuteronomy Rabbah
1484:Alphabet of Sirach
1449:Megillat Antiochus
1136:Halakhic midrashim
1064:attributed to the
983:King James Version
884:Biblical authority
765:Capital punishment
641:Biblical criticism
610:Rahlfs' Septuagint
314:New Testament (NT)
309:Old Testament (OT)
41:
5407:
5406:
5373:extinct languages
5274:YIVO Encyclopedia
5049:Hebrew literature
5017:Sefer HaEtz Chaim
4857:Reconstructionist
4535:Judaeo-Portuguese
4224:
4223:
4180:Eastern Sephardim
3824:Synagogal Judaism
3594:www.jhsonline.org
3185:"Matthias Henze,
3051:"Andrew Lincoln,
3006:Martin McNamara,
2539:Pardes (exegesis)
2388:(twelfth century)
2150:Solomon Schechter
2084:Seder Olam Rabbah
2016:
2015:
1925:
1924:
1842:Aggadic midrashim
1799:
1798:
1766:
1765:
1728:
1727:
1706:
1705:
1660:
1659:
1653:Smaller midrashim
1610:
1609:
1585:
1584:
1539:
1538:
1527:Baraita of Samuel
1456:
1455:
1396:
1395:
1369:Seder Olam Rabbah
1345:
1344:
1313:
1312:
1293:
1292:
1257:
1256:
1237:
1236:
1230:Babylonian Talmud
1205:
1204:
993:translates it as
940:
939:
755:Conspiracy theory
684:
683:
423:Mosaic authorship
16:(Redirected from
5452:
5396:
5395:
5394:
5381:
5380:
4513:Judeo-Golpaygani
4114:Palestinian Jews
4089:Alexandrian Jews
4045:Crimean Karaites
3962:Unterlander Jews
3915:
3914:
3829:Rabbinic Judaism
3754:
3747:
3740:
3731:
3730:
3690:
3675:
3660:
3644:
3610:
3609:
3607:
3605:
3596:. Archived from
3586:
3580:
3579:
3577:
3575:
3558:Kermode, Frank.
3555:
3549:
3543:
3537:
3536:
3534:
3533:
3518:
3512:
3509:
3503:
3500:
3494:
3491:
3482:
3479:
3473:
3472:
3470:
3469:
3454:
3448:
3439:
3433:
3432:
3430:
3429:
3414:
3408:
3399:
3393:
3388:
3382:
3381:
3379:
3378:
3359:
3353:
3344:
3338:
3332:Craig A. Evans,
3329:
3323:
3314:
3308:
3299:
3293:
3284:
3278:
3269:
3263:
3254:
3248:
3247:
3245:
3244:
3225:
3219:
3210:
3204:
3203:
3201:
3200:
3181:
3175:
3166:
3160:
3159:
3157:
3156:
3141:"Jacob Neusner,
3137:
3131:
3130:
3128:
3127:
3108:
3099:
3098:
3096:
3095:
3076:
3070:
3069:
3067:
3066:
3053:Hebrews: A Guide
3047:
3041:
3040:
3038:
3037:
3018:
3012:
3003:
2997:
2988:
2982:
2978:What Is Midrash?
2973:
2967:
2961:Paul D. Mandel,
2958:
2952:
2943:
2937:
2929:
2920:
2902:
2896:
2895:
2893:
2892:
2877:
2871:
2850:
2844:
2843:
2841:
2840:
2825:
2819:
2816:
2810:
2809:
2807:
2806:
2787:
2781:
2780:
2778:
2777:
2758:
2752:
2745:
2739:
2738:
2702:
2696:
2695:
2689:
2681:
2655:
2649:
2648:
2642:
2626:
2620:
2619:
2617:
2616:
2601:"Jacob Neusner,
2597:
2591:
2574:
2509:Biblical studies
2380:Leviticus Rabbah
2265:Midrash Tehillim
2093:Jose ben Halafta
2008:
2001:
1994:
1932:
1931:
1907:
1906:
1863:
1857:
1791:
1784:
1777:
1730:
1729:
1708:
1707:
1673:
1672:
1628:Yalkut haMachiri
1612:
1611:
1587:
1586:
1558:Midrash Tehillim
1541:
1540:
1517:Midrash Proverbs
1458:
1457:
1439:Seder Olam Zutta
1434:Leviticus Rabbah
1398:
1397:
1358:
1357:
1315:
1314:
1295:
1294:
1270:
1269:
1263:Halakhic Midrash
1239:
1238:
1225:Jerusalem Talmud
1207:
1206:
1180:
1179:
1160:
1146:
1145:
1131:
1123:
1078:
1013:
1004:
1003:
998:
997:
957:
956:
951:
942:The Hebrew word
932:
925:
918:
906:Bible portal
904:
903:
902:
627:Synoptic problem
551:
550:
546:Biblical studies
475:Dead Sea scrolls
436:Petrine epistles
431:Pauline epistles
260:
237:
236:
194:
186:
139:
138:
133:
105:
101:
96:
95:
91:
87:
79:
78:
75:
74:
71:
68:
65:
62:
59:
56:
38:Midrash Tehillim
21:
5460:
5459:
5455:
5454:
5453:
5451:
5450:
5449:
5410:
5409:
5408:
5403:
5392:
5390:
5362:
5188:
5053:
4925:
4799:
4693:
4508:Judeo-Borujerdi
4483:Judeo-Malayalam
4429:Judeo-Aragonese
4400:Lishanid Noshan
4232:
4220:
3952:Oberlander Jews
3913:
3843:
3785:
3767:
3758:
3678:
3663:
3648:
3619:
3614:
3613:
3603:
3601:
3588:
3587:
3583:
3573:
3571:
3556:
3552:
3544:
3540:
3531:
3529:
3520:
3519:
3515:
3510:
3506:
3501:
3497:
3492:
3485:
3480:
3476:
3467:
3465:
3456:
3455:
3451:
3440:
3436:
3427:
3425:
3416:
3415:
3411:
3404:What Is Midrash
3402:Jacob Neusner,
3400:
3396:
3389:
3385:
3376:
3374:
3361:
3360:
3356:
3345:
3341:
3330:
3326:
3315:
3311:
3300:
3296:
3285:
3281:
3270:
3266:
3255:
3251:
3242:
3240:
3227:
3226:
3222:
3211:
3207:
3198:
3196:
3183:
3182:
3178:
3167:
3163:
3154:
3152:
3139:
3138:
3134:
3125:
3123:
3110:
3109:
3102:
3093:
3091:
3078:
3077:
3073:
3064:
3062:
3049:
3048:
3044:
3035:
3033:
3022:"Carol Bakhos,
3020:
3019:
3015:
3004:
3000:
2989:
2985:
2976:Jacob Neusner,
2974:
2970:
2959:
2955:
2944:
2940:
2930:
2923:
2918:Wayback Machine
2903:
2899:
2890:
2888:
2879:
2878:
2874:
2860:Wayback Machine
2851:
2847:
2838:
2836:
2827:
2826:
2822:
2817:
2813:
2804:
2802:
2789:
2788:
2784:
2775:
2773:
2760:
2759:
2755:
2746:
2742:
2703:
2699:
2683:
2682:
2670:
2656:
2652:
2646:
2640:
2635:Wayback Machine
2627:
2623:
2614:
2612:
2603:What Is Midrash
2599:
2598:
2594:
2584:Wayback Machine
2575:
2568:
2563:
2558:
2494:
2464:
2451:
2394:(tenth century)
2339:
2297:Midrash HaGadol
2196:Pesikta Rabbati
2167:Midrash Qohelet
2163:
2134:Book of Numbers
2055:, the other is
2037:hebrew alphabet
2027:
2022:
2012:
1935:Rabbinical eras
1930:
1921:
1919:
1850:
1844:
1832:
1824:Samaritan Torah
1812:Mishnaic Hebrew
1803:Midrash halakha
1795:
1742:Targum Tehillim
1721:Targum Jonathan
1695:Fragment Targum
1643:Midrash HaGadol
1563:Midrash Hashkem
1507:Pesikta Rabbati
1351:Aggadic Midrash
1250:Minor Tractates
1169:
1144:
1142:Midrash halakha
1138:
1104:
1041:
1020:
973:of the prophet
936:
900:
898:
897:
889:
888:
875:
861:
839:
831:
830:
829:
745:
721:
694:
686:
685:
680:
599:
583:
572:
548:
538:
537:
536:
469:
468:
449:
448:
444:Johannine works
440:
404:
384:
383:
380:and development
367:
366:
365:
332:
318:
304:
277:
276:
235:
158:1:31)—Midrash:
110:) is expansive
53:
49:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5458:
5448:
5447:
5442:
5437:
5432:
5427:
5422:
5405:
5404:
5402:
5401:
5387:
5367:
5364:
5363:
5361:
5360:
5359:
5358:
5357:
5356:
5351:
5346:
5340:non-Christian
5338:
5337:
5336:
5331:
5326:
5321:
5316:
5311:
5296:
5289:
5282:
5277:
5270:
5265:
5260:
5253:
5248:
5243:
5236:
5231:
5230:
5229:
5224:
5219:
5214:
5209:
5198:
5196:
5190:
5189:
5187:
5186:
5181:
5180:
5179:
5174:
5164:
5159:
5154:
5149:
5144:
5143:
5142:
5132:
5131:
5130:
5125:
5115:
5110:
5109:
5108:
5098:
5097:
5096:
5086:
5081:
5080:
5079:
5074:
5063:
5061:
5055:
5054:
5052:
5051:
5046:
5041:
5039:Shulchan Aruch
5036:
5035:
5034:
5029:
5027:Sefer Yetzirah
5024:
5019:
5014:
5009:
5007:Pardes Rimonim
5004:
4997:Kabbalah texts
4994:
4993:
4992:
4987:
4982:
4977:
4967:
4966:
4965:
4960:
4955:
4941:
4935:
4933:
4927:
4926:
4924:
4923:
4918:
4913:
4908:
4903:
4898:
4893:
4888:
4887:
4886:
4881:
4876:
4875:
4874:
4864:
4859:
4854:
4849:
4844:
4843:
4842:
4837:
4836:
4835:
4830:
4809:
4807:
4801:
4800:
4798:
4797:
4792:
4790:Land of Israel
4787:
4786:
4785:
4775:
4770:
4765:
4764:
4763:
4753:
4748:
4743:
4742:
4741:
4731:
4726:
4721:
4716:
4715:
4714:
4703:
4701:
4695:
4694:
4692:
4691:
4686:
4685:
4684:
4683:
4682:
4677:
4676:
4675:
4668:
4666:Judeo-Alsatian
4658:
4657:
4656:
4649:
4644:
4639:
4619:
4614:
4609:
4604:
4599:
4594:
4593:
4592:
4587:
4577:
4572:
4567:
4562:
4557:
4552:
4547:
4542:
4537:
4532:
4531:
4530:
4525:
4520:
4518:Judeo-Hamedani
4515:
4510:
4505:
4495:
4493:Judaeo-Occitan
4490:
4485:
4480:
4475:
4474:
4473:
4463:
4458:
4453:
4452:
4451:
4446:
4441:
4434:Jewish English
4431:
4426:
4425:
4424:
4423:
4422:
4412:
4407:
4402:
4397:
4392:
4387:
4382:
4377:
4372:
4365:Judaeo-Aramaic
4362:
4361:
4360:
4355:
4353:Judeo-Tunisian
4350:
4345:
4343:Judeo-Moroccan
4340:
4339:
4338:
4336:Judeo-Baghdadi
4323:
4318:
4313:
4312:
4311:
4306:
4301:
4296:
4291:
4286:
4281:
4276:
4271:
4266:
4261:
4256:
4251:
4240:
4238:
4226:
4225:
4222:
4221:
4219:
4218:
4217:
4216:
4215:
4214:
4204:
4203:
4202:
4192:
4187:
4185:Livornese Jews
4182:
4172:
4167:
4166:
4165:
4155:
4154:
4153:
4152:
4151:
4146:
4141:
4136:
4126:
4121:
4116:
4111:
4106:
4101:
4096:
4091:
4086:
4076:
4075:
4074:
4064:
4059:
4054:
4049:
4048:
4047:
4042:
4032:
4027:
4026:
4025:
4015:
4010:
4005:
4004:
4003:
3998:
3988:
3987:
3986:
3981:
3971:
3970:
3969:
3964:
3959:
3954:
3949:
3944:
3939:
3934:
3932:Afrikaner-Jode
3923:
3921:
3912:
3911:
3906:
3901:
3900:
3899:
3889:
3884:
3879:
3874:
3869:
3864:
3859:
3853:
3851:
3845:
3844:
3842:
3841:
3836:
3831:
3826:
3821:
3816:
3811:
3806:
3801:
3795:
3793:
3787:
3786:
3784:
3783:
3778:
3772:
3769:
3768:
3757:
3756:
3749:
3742:
3734:
3728:
3727:
3722:
3719:Yalkut Shimoni
3716:
3710:
3699:
3698:
3694:
3693:
3692:
3691:
3676:
3661:
3638:
3632:
3626:
3618:
3617:External links
3615:
3612:
3611:
3581:
3550:
3538:
3513:
3504:
3495:
3483:
3474:
3449:
3434:
3409:
3394:
3383:
3354:
3339:
3324:
3309:
3294:
3279:
3264:
3249:
3220:
3205:
3176:
3161:
3132:
3100:
3071:
3042:
3013:
2998:
2983:
2968:
2953:
2938:
2921:
2897:
2872:
2845:
2820:
2811:
2782:
2753:
2749:Genesis Rabbah
2740:
2713:(2): 212–215.
2697:
2668:
2650:
2638:Marcus Jastrow
2621:
2592:
2565:
2564:
2562:
2559:
2557:
2556:
2551:
2546:
2541:
2536:
2531:
2521:
2516:
2511:
2506:
2501:
2495:
2493:
2490:
2478:James L. Kugel
2463:
2460:
2450:
2447:
2446:
2445:
2444:
2443:
2436:
2429:
2426:Shulkhan Arukh
2411:
2405:
2395:
2389:
2386:Numbers Rabbah
2383:
2377:
2371:
2338:
2337:Midrash Rabbah
2335:
2334:
2333:
2325:Midrash Tadshe
2321:
2313:
2293:
2285:Yalkut Shimoni
2281:
2277:Midrash Mishlé
2273:
2261:
2257:Midrash Shmuel
2253:
2213:
2205:
2204:
2203:
2198:
2186:
2178:Midrash Esther
2174:
2162:
2159:
2158:
2157:
2137:
2117:
2100:
2080:
2079:
2078:
2072:
2047:Book of Exodus
2040:
2026:
2023:
2014:
2013:
2011:
2010:
2003:
1996:
1988:
1985:
1984:
1983:
1982:
1977:
1972:
1967:
1966:
1965:
1960:
1955:
1950:
1937:
1936:
1929:
1926:
1923:
1922:
1910:
1846:Main article:
1843:
1840:
1831:
1828:
1797:
1796:
1794:
1793:
1786:
1779:
1771:
1768:
1767:
1764:
1763:
1762:
1761:
1758:
1752:
1749:
1746:
1745:Targum Mishlei
1743:
1737:
1736:
1726:
1725:
1724:
1723:
1715:
1714:
1704:
1703:
1702:
1701:
1699:Targum Neofiti
1696:
1693:
1688:
1686:Targum Onkelos
1680:
1679:
1669:
1668:
1662:
1661:
1658:
1657:
1656:
1655:
1650:
1648:Numbers Rabbah
1645:
1640:
1635:
1630:
1625:
1623:Yalkut Shimoni
1617:
1616:
1608:
1607:
1606:
1605:
1603:Sefer haYashar
1600:
1598:Midrash Tadshe
1592:
1591:
1583:
1582:
1581:
1580:
1575:
1570:
1565:
1560:
1555:
1552:
1546:
1545:
1537:
1536:
1535:
1534:
1529:
1524:
1519:
1514:
1512:Midrash Shmuel
1509:
1504:
1501:
1496:
1491:
1486:
1481:
1476:
1471:
1463:
1462:
1454:
1453:
1452:
1451:
1446:
1441:
1436:
1431:
1426:
1421:
1416:
1411:
1409:Genesis Rabbah
1403:
1402:
1394:
1393:
1392:
1391:
1386:
1381:
1376:
1371:
1363:
1362:
1354:
1353:
1347:
1346:
1343:
1342:
1341:
1340:
1333:
1328:
1320:
1319:
1311:
1310:
1309:
1308:
1300:
1299:
1291:
1290:
1289:
1288:
1283:
1275:
1274:
1266:
1265:
1259:
1258:
1255:
1254:
1253:
1252:
1244:
1243:
1235:
1234:
1233:
1232:
1227:
1219:
1218:
1203:
1202:
1201:
1200:
1195:
1187:
1186:
1176:
1175:
1171:
1170:
1163:Talmud Readers
1161:
1153:
1152:
1140:Main article:
1137:
1134:
1103:
1100:
1099:
1098:
1090:
1087:
1040:
1037:
1019:
1016:
969:13:22 "in the
938:
937:
935:
934:
927:
920:
912:
909:
908:
891:
890:
887:
886:
881:
874:
873:
868:
862:
860:
859:
858:
857:
847:
841:
840:
837:
836:
833:
832:
828:
827:
822:
817:
812:
807:
802:
797:
792:
787:
782:
777:
772:
767:
762:
757:
752:
746:
744:
743:
738:
733:
728:
722:
720:
719:
714:
709:
703:
702:
701:
695:
693:Interpretation
692:
691:
688:
687:
682:
681:
679:
678:
673:
668:
663:
658:
653:
647:
644:
643:
637:
636:
635:
634:
629:
624:
619:
612:
607:
598:
597:
592:
587:
581:
576:
570:
565:
560:
554:
549:
544:
543:
540:
539:
535:
534:
529:
527:English Bibles
524:
519:
514:
509:
502:
497:
492:
487:
482:
480:Masoretic Text
477:
471:
470:
467:
466:
456:
455:
454:
451:
450:
447:
446:
439:
438:
433:
427:
426:
425:
420:
415:
410:
403:
402:
397:
392:
386:
385:
382:
381:
374:
373:
372:
369:
368:
364:
363:
362:
361:
356:
351:
340:
339:
338:
331:
330:
325:
319:
317:
316:
311:
305:
303:
302:
301:
300:
295:
290:
279:
278:
275:
274:
267:
266:
265:
262:
261:
253:
252:
246:
245:
234:
231:
230:
229:
226:
223:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5457:
5446:
5443:
5441:
5438:
5436:
5433:
5431:
5428:
5426:
5423:
5421:
5418:
5417:
5415:
5400:
5399:
5388:
5386:
5385:
5376:
5375:
5374:
5370:
5365:
5355:
5352:
5350:
5347:
5345:
5342:
5341:
5339:
5335:
5332:
5330:
5327:
5325:
5324:Protestantism
5322:
5320:
5317:
5315:
5312:
5310:
5307:
5306:
5305:
5302:
5301:
5300:
5297:
5295:
5294:
5290:
5288:
5287:
5283:
5281:
5278:
5276:
5275:
5271:
5269:
5266:
5264:
5261:
5259:
5258:
5254:
5252:
5249:
5247:
5244:
5242:
5241:
5237:
5235:
5232:
5228:
5225:
5223:
5220:
5218:
5215:
5213:
5210:
5208:
5205:
5204:
5203:
5200:
5199:
5197:
5195:
5191:
5185:
5182:
5178:
5175:
5173:
5170:
5169:
5168:
5165:
5163:
5160:
5158:
5155:
5153:
5150:
5148:
5145:
5141:
5138:
5137:
5136:
5133:
5129:
5126:
5124:
5121:
5120:
5119:
5116:
5114:
5111:
5107:
5104:
5103:
5102:
5099:
5095:
5092:
5091:
5090:
5087:
5085:
5082:
5078:
5075:
5073:
5070:
5069:
5068:
5065:
5064:
5062:
5060:
5056:
5050:
5047:
5045:
5042:
5040:
5037:
5033:
5030:
5028:
5025:
5023:
5020:
5018:
5015:
5013:
5012:Sefer HaBahir
5010:
5008:
5005:
5003:
5000:
4999:
4998:
4995:
4991:
4988:
4986:
4983:
4981:
4978:
4976:
4973:
4972:
4971:
4968:
4964:
4961:
4959:
4956:
4954:
4951:
4950:
4949:
4945:
4942:
4940:
4939:Sifrei Kodesh
4937:
4936:
4934:
4932:
4928:
4922:
4919:
4917:
4914:
4912:
4909:
4907:
4904:
4902:
4899:
4897:
4894:
4892:
4889:
4885:
4882:
4880:
4877:
4873:
4870:
4869:
4868:
4865:
4863:
4860:
4858:
4855:
4853:
4850:
4848:
4845:
4841:
4838:
4834:
4831:
4829:
4826:
4825:
4824:
4821:
4820:
4819:
4816:
4815:
4814:
4811:
4810:
4808:
4806:
4802:
4796:
4795:Who is a Jew?
4793:
4791:
4788:
4784:
4781:
4780:
4779:
4776:
4774:
4771:
4769:
4766:
4762:
4759:
4758:
4757:
4754:
4752:
4749:
4747:
4744:
4740:
4737:
4736:
4735:
4732:
4730:
4727:
4725:
4724:Chosen people
4722:
4720:
4717:
4713:
4710:
4709:
4708:
4705:
4704:
4702:
4700:
4696:
4690:
4687:
4681:
4680:Scots-Yiddish
4678:
4674:
4673:
4669:
4667:
4664:
4663:
4662:
4659:
4655:
4654:
4653:Klezmer-loshn
4650:
4648:
4645:
4643:
4640:
4638:
4635:
4634:
4633:
4630:
4629:
4628:
4625:
4624:
4623:
4620:
4618:
4615:
4613:
4610:
4608:
4605:
4603:
4600:
4598:
4595:
4591:
4588:
4586:
4583:
4582:
4581:
4578:
4576:
4573:
4571:
4568:
4566:
4563:
4561:
4558:
4556:
4553:
4551:
4548:
4546:
4543:
4541:
4538:
4536:
4533:
4529:
4526:
4524:
4523:Judeo-Shirazi
4521:
4519:
4516:
4514:
4511:
4509:
4506:
4504:
4501:
4500:
4499:
4498:Judeo-Persian
4496:
4494:
4491:
4489:
4488:Judeo-Marathi
4486:
4484:
4481:
4479:
4476:
4472:
4469:
4468:
4467:
4466:Judeo-Italian
4464:
4462:
4459:
4457:
4454:
4450:
4447:
4445:
4442:
4440:
4437:
4436:
4435:
4432:
4430:
4427:
4421:
4418:
4417:
4416:
4413:
4411:
4408:
4406:
4403:
4401:
4398:
4396:
4393:
4391:
4388:
4386:
4383:
4381:
4378:
4376:
4373:
4371:
4368:
4367:
4366:
4363:
4359:
4356:
4354:
4351:
4349:
4346:
4344:
4341:
4337:
4334:
4333:
4332:
4329:
4328:
4327:
4324:
4322:
4321:Judeo-Amazigh
4319:
4317:
4314:
4310:
4307:
4305:
4302:
4300:
4297:
4295:
4292:
4290:
4287:
4285:
4282:
4280:
4277:
4275:
4272:
4270:
4267:
4265:
4262:
4260:
4257:
4255:
4252:
4250:
4247:
4246:
4245:
4242:
4241:
4239:
4236:
4231:
4227:
4213:
4210:
4209:
4208:
4205:
4201:
4198:
4197:
4196:
4193:
4191:
4188:
4186:
4183:
4181:
4178:
4177:
4176:
4173:
4171:
4168:
4164:
4161:
4160:
4159:
4156:
4150:
4147:
4145:
4144:Hadhrami Jews
4142:
4140:
4137:
4135:
4132:
4131:
4130:
4127:
4125:
4122:
4120:
4117:
4115:
4112:
4110:
4109:Mountain Jews
4107:
4105:
4104:Egyptian Jews
4102:
4100:
4099:Bukharan Jews
4097:
4095:
4092:
4090:
4087:
4085:
4082:
4081:
4080:
4077:
4073:
4070:
4069:
4068:
4065:
4063:
4060:
4058:
4055:
4053:
4050:
4046:
4043:
4041:
4038:
4037:
4036:
4033:
4031:
4028:
4024:
4021:
4020:
4019:
4016:
4014:
4011:
4009:
4006:
4002:
3999:
3997:
3994:
3993:
3992:
3989:
3985:
3982:
3980:
3977:
3976:
3975:
3972:
3968:
3965:
3963:
3960:
3958:
3955:
3953:
3950:
3948:
3945:
3943:
3940:
3938:
3935:
3933:
3930:
3929:
3928:
3925:
3924:
3922:
3920:
3916:
3910:
3907:
3905:
3902:
3898:
3895:
3894:
3893:
3890:
3888:
3887:Lists of Jews
3885:
3883:
3880:
3878:
3875:
3873:
3870:
3868:
3865:
3863:
3860:
3858:
3855:
3854:
3852:
3850:
3846:
3840:
3837:
3835:
3832:
3830:
3827:
3825:
3822:
3820:
3817:
3815:
3812:
3810:
3807:
3805:
3802:
3800:
3797:
3796:
3794:
3792:
3788:
3782:
3779:
3777:
3774:
3773:
3770:
3766:
3762:
3755:
3750:
3748:
3743:
3741:
3736:
3735:
3732:
3726:
3723:
3720:
3717:
3714:
3711:
3708:
3704:
3701:
3700:
3696:
3695:
3688:
3687:
3682:
3677:
3673:
3672:
3667:
3662:
3658:
3657:
3652:
3647:
3646:
3643:
3639:
3636:
3633:
3630:
3627:
3624:
3621:
3620:
3599:
3595:
3591:
3585:
3569:
3565:
3561:
3554:
3547:
3542:
3527:
3523:
3517:
3508:
3499:
3490:
3488:
3478:
3463:
3459:
3453:
3447:
3445:
3438:
3423:
3419:
3413:
3407:
3405:
3398:
3392:
3387:
3372:
3368:
3366:
3358:
3352:
3350:
3343:
3337:
3335:
3328:
3322:
3320:
3313:
3307:
3305:
3298:
3292:
3290:
3283:
3277:
3275:
3268:
3262:
3260:
3253:
3238:
3234:
3232:
3224:
3218:
3216:
3209:
3194:
3190:
3188:
3180:
3174:
3172:
3165:
3150:
3146:
3144:
3136:
3121:
3117:
3115:
3107:
3105:
3089:
3085:
3083:
3075:
3060:
3056:
3054:
3046:
3031:
3027:
3025:
3017:
3011:
3009:
3002:
2996:
2994:
2987:
2981:
2979:
2972:
2966:
2964:
2957:
2951:
2949:
2942:
2936:
2934:
2928:
2926:
2919:
2915:
2912:
2908:
2907:
2901:
2886:
2882:
2876:
2869:
2865:
2861:
2857:
2854:
2849:
2834:
2830:
2824:
2815:
2800:
2796:
2794:
2786:
2771:
2767:
2765:
2757:
2750:
2744:
2736:
2732:
2728:
2724:
2720:
2716:
2712:
2708:
2701:
2693:
2687:
2679:
2675:
2671:
2669:9780664239039
2665:
2661:
2654:
2645:
2639:
2636:
2632:
2629:
2625:
2610:
2606:
2604:
2596:
2589:
2585:
2581:
2578:
2573:
2571:
2566:
2555:
2552:
2550:
2547:
2545:
2542:
2540:
2537:
2535:
2532:
2529:
2528:Polish Jewish
2525:
2522:
2520:
2517:
2515:
2514:Lectio Divina
2512:
2510:
2507:
2505:
2502:
2500:
2497:
2496:
2489:
2485:
2483:
2479:
2475:
2472:
2471:Frank Kermode
2468:
2459:
2457:
2442:
2441:
2440:Esther Rabbah
2437:
2435:
2434:
2430:
2427:
2423:
2422:Salomon Buber
2419:
2415:
2412:
2409:
2406:
2403:
2402:Song of Songs
2399:
2396:
2393:
2390:
2387:
2384:
2381:
2378:
2375:
2374:Exodus Rabbah
2372:
2368:
2364:
2363:Genesis Rabba
2361:
2360:
2358:
2357:Five Megillot
2354:
2350:
2346:
2345:
2344:Midrash Rabba
2341:
2340:
2331:
2328:(also called
2327:
2326:
2322:
2319:
2318:
2314:
2311:
2307:
2303:
2299:
2298:
2294:
2291:
2287:
2286:
2282:
2279:
2278:
2274:
2271:
2267:
2266:
2262:
2259:
2258:
2254:
2251:
2247:
2246:
2241:
2240:Solomon Buber
2237:
2236:
2231:
2230:
2225:
2224:
2219:
2218:
2214:
2211:
2210:
2206:
2202:
2199:
2197:
2194:
2193:
2191:
2187:
2184:
2180:
2179:
2175:
2172:
2168:
2165:
2164:
2161:Post-Talmudic
2155:
2151:
2147:
2143:
2142:
2138:
2135:
2131:
2127:
2123:
2122:
2118:
2114:
2110:
2106:
2105:
2101:
2098:
2094:
2090:
2086:
2085:
2081:
2076:
2073:
2070:
2066:
2063:
2062:
2060:
2059:
2054:
2053:
2048:
2044:
2041:
2038:
2034:
2033:
2029:
2028:
2021:
2009:
2004:
2002:
1997:
1995:
1990:
1989:
1987:
1986:
1981:
1978:
1976:
1973:
1971:
1968:
1964:
1961:
1959:
1956:
1954:
1951:
1949:
1946:
1945:
1944:
1941:
1940:
1939:
1938:
1934:
1933:
1909:
1908:
1905:
1901:
1899:
1895:
1891:
1887:
1883:
1879:
1875:
1871:
1865:
1862:
1856:
1849:
1839:
1837:
1827:
1825:
1821:
1815:
1813:
1809:
1805:
1804:
1792:
1787:
1785:
1780:
1778:
1773:
1772:
1770:
1769:
1759:
1756:
1753:
1750:
1747:
1744:
1741:
1740:
1739:
1738:
1735:
1732:
1731:
1722:
1719:
1718:
1717:
1716:
1713:
1710:
1709:
1700:
1697:
1694:
1692:
1689:
1687:
1684:
1683:
1682:
1681:
1678:
1675:
1674:
1671:
1670:
1667:
1664:
1663:
1654:
1651:
1649:
1646:
1644:
1641:
1639:
1636:
1634:
1633:Midrash Jonah
1631:
1629:
1626:
1624:
1621:
1620:
1619:
1618:
1614:
1613:
1604:
1601:
1599:
1596:
1595:
1594:
1593:
1589:
1588:
1579:
1576:
1574:
1571:
1569:
1568:Exodus Rabbah
1566:
1564:
1561:
1559:
1556:
1553:
1550:
1549:
1548:
1547:
1543:
1542:
1533:
1530:
1528:
1525:
1523:
1520:
1518:
1515:
1513:
1510:
1508:
1505:
1503:Devarim Zutta
1502:
1500:
1497:
1495:
1492:
1490:
1487:
1485:
1482:
1480:
1477:
1475:
1472:
1470:
1467:
1466:
1465:
1464:
1460:
1459:
1450:
1447:
1445:
1442:
1440:
1437:
1435:
1432:
1430:
1429:Midrash Iyyob
1427:
1425:
1424:Esther Rabbah
1422:
1420:
1417:
1415:
1412:
1410:
1407:
1406:
1405:
1404:
1400:
1399:
1390:
1387:
1385:
1382:
1380:
1377:
1375:
1372:
1370:
1367:
1366:
1365:
1364:
1360:
1359:
1356:
1355:
1352:
1349:
1348:
1338:
1334:
1332:
1329:
1327:
1324:
1323:
1322:
1321:
1317:
1316:
1307:
1304:
1303:
1302:
1301:
1297:
1296:
1287:
1284:
1282:
1279:
1278:
1277:
1276:
1272:
1271:
1268:
1267:
1264:
1261:
1260:
1251:
1248:
1247:
1246:
1245:
1241:
1240:
1231:
1228:
1226:
1223:
1222:
1221:
1220:
1216:
1212:
1209:
1208:
1199:
1196:
1194:
1191:
1190:
1189:
1188:
1185:
1182:
1181:
1178:
1177:
1173:
1172:
1168:
1167:Adolf Behrman
1164:
1159:
1155:
1154:
1151:
1148:
1147:
1143:
1133:
1130:
1129:
1122:
1116:
1114:
1109:
1096:
1095:New Testament
1091:
1088:
1085:
1084:
1083:
1080:
1077:
1076:
1070:
1069:Rabbi Ishmael
1067:
1063:
1058:
1056:
1052:
1051:Rabbi Ishmael
1048:
1047:
1036:
1034:
1033:New Testament
1030:
1024:
1015:
1012:
1006:
992:
988:
984:
980:
976:
972:
968:
964:
959:
950:
945:
933:
928:
926:
921:
919:
914:
913:
911:
910:
907:
896:
893:
892:
885:
882:
880:
877:
876:
872:
871:Infallibility
869:
867:
864:
863:
856:
853:
852:
851:
848:
846:
843:
842:
835:
834:
826:
823:
821:
818:
816:
813:
811:
808:
806:
803:
801:
798:
796:
793:
791:
788:
786:
783:
781:
778:
776:
773:
771:
770:Homosexuality
768:
766:
763:
761:
758:
756:
753:
751:
748:
747:
742:
739:
737:
734:
732:
729:
727:
724:
723:
718:
715:
713:
710:
708:
705:
704:
700:
697:
696:
690:
689:
677:
674:
672:
669:
667:
664:
662:
659:
657:
654:
652:
649:
648:
646:
645:
642:
639:
638:
633:
630:
628:
625:
623:
620:
618:
617:
613:
611:
608:
606:
605:
601:
600:
596:
593:
591:
588:
586:
582:
580:
577:
575:
571:
569:
566:
564:
561:
559:
556:
555:
553:
552:
547:
542:
541:
533:
530:
528:
525:
523:
520:
518:
515:
513:
510:
508:
507:
503:
501:
498:
496:
493:
491:
488:
486:
483:
481:
478:
476:
473:
472:
465:
461:
458:
457:
453:
452:
445:
442:
441:
437:
434:
432:
429:
428:
424:
421:
419:
416:
414:
411:
409:
406:
405:
401:
398:
396:
393:
391:
388:
387:
379:
376:
375:
371:
370:
360:
357:
355:
352:
350:
347:
346:
345:
342:
341:
337:
334:
333:
329:
326:
324:
321:
320:
315:
312:
310:
307:
306:
299:
296:
294:
291:
289:
286:
285:
284:
281:
280:
272:
269:
268:
264:
263:
259:
255:
254:
251:
248:
247:
243:
239:
238:
227:
224:
221:
220:
219:
217:
213:
212:Jacob Neusner
209:
205:
200:
198:
193:
192:
185:
184:
178:
174:
173:Written Torah
170:
169:rabbinic work
164:
162:
157:
151:
148:
146:
141:
132:
127:
123:
119:
116:
113:
109:
100:
83:
77:
47:
46:
39:
34:
30:
19:
5389:
5382:
5368:
5291:
5284:
5272:
5255:
5238:
5072:perspectives
4989:
4906:Samaritanism
4867:Neo-Hasidism
4847:Conservative
4761:Names of God
4670:
4651:
4461:Judaeo-Greek
4456:Judeo-Gascon
4395:Lishán Didán
4390:Lishana Deni
4358:Judeo-Yemeni
4326:Judeo-Arabic
4200:Meshuchrarim
4119:Persian Jews
4052:Kurdish Jews
4030:Kaifeng Jews
3979:Beta Abraham
3942:Galitzianers
3897:Antisemitism
3872:Israeli Jews
3857:Assimilation
3684:
3669:
3654:
3602:. Retrieved
3598:the original
3593:
3584:
3572:. Retrieved
3563:
3553:
3545:
3541:
3530:. Retrieved
3516:
3507:
3498:
3477:
3466:. Retrieved
3452:
3443:
3437:
3426:. Retrieved
3412:
3403:
3397:
3391:Isaiah 5:1–6
3386:
3375:. Retrieved
3364:
3357:
3348:
3342:
3333:
3327:
3318:
3312:
3303:
3297:
3288:
3282:
3273:
3267:
3258:
3252:
3241:. Retrieved
3230:
3223:
3217:(BRILL 1998)
3214:
3208:
3197:. Retrieved
3186:
3179:
3170:
3164:
3153:. Retrieved
3142:
3135:
3124:. Retrieved
3113:
3092:. Retrieved
3081:
3074:
3063:. Retrieved
3052:
3045:
3034:. Retrieved
3023:
3016:
3007:
3001:
2992:
2986:
2977:
2971:
2962:
2956:
2947:
2941:
2932:
2911:1875. darash
2904:
2900:
2889:. Retrieved
2875:
2867:
2863:
2848:
2837:. Retrieved
2823:
2814:
2803:. Retrieved
2792:
2785:
2774:. Retrieved
2763:
2756:
2748:
2743:
2710:
2706:
2700:
2659:
2653:
2643:
2624:
2613:. Retrieved
2602:
2595:
2587:
2486:
2481:
2476:
2469:
2465:
2455:
2452:
2438:
2431:
2417:
2348:
2342:
2323:
2315:
2295:
2283:
2275:
2263:
2255:
2249:
2243:
2233:
2227:
2221:
2215:
2207:
2189:
2176:
2171:Ecclesiastes
2166:
2154:Cairo Geniza
2144:("The small
2139:
2119:
2102:
2088:
2082:
2074:
2064:
2056:
2050:
2042:
2030:
1902:
1866:
1851:
1836:Hebrew Bible
1833:
1816:
1801:
1800:
1755:Targum Sheni
1748:Targum Iyyov
1590:1000–1200 CE
1532:Targum Sheni
1162:
1117:
1105:
1081:
1059:
1044:
1042:
1025:
1021:
1007:
978:
970:
962:
960:
943:
941:
838:Perspectives
711:
699:Hermeneutics
614:
602:
522:Luther Bible
517:Gothic Bible
506:Vetus Latina
504:
460:Translations
400:Hebrew canon
328:Antilegomena
323:Deuterocanon
215:
203:
201:
166:
159:
153:
149:
145:Wilda Gafney
142:
107:
44:
43:
42:
36:Title page,
29:
5314:Catholicism
4896:Hellenistic
4734:Eschatology
4672:Lachoudisch
4597:Lotegorisch
4575:Lachoudisch
4565:Koiné Greek
4478:Judeo-Latin
4415:Palestinian
4309:Palestinian
4158:Mustaʿravim
4084:Afghan Jews
4072:Berber Jews
3996:Bene Israel
3984:Falash Mura
3974:Beta Israel
3892:Persecution
3834:Middle Ages
3715:in English.
3306:(SUNY 2012)
2408:Ruth Rabbah
2310:David Adani
2223:Yelammedenu
2141:Sifri Zutta
2130:Deuteronomy
2087:(or simply
2069:Rabbi Akiva
1554:Eichah Zuta
1544:900–1000 CE
1522:Ruth Rabbah
736:Inspiration
574:Historicity
532:by language
464:manuscripts
104:מִדְרָשׁוֹת
94:מִדְרָשִׁים
5414:Categories
5309:Anabaptism
5251:Jew (word)
5118:Leadership
4931:Literature
4916:Secularism
4862:Humanistic
4729:Conversion
4699:Philosophy
4540:Judeo-Urdu
4304:Babylonian
4149:Saada Jews
4134:Adeni Jews
3927:Ashkenazim
3882:Samaritans
3849:Population
3804:Israelites
3532:2013-10-15
3468:2018-07-31
3428:2018-07-31
3377:2018-07-31
3243:2023-03-15
3199:2023-03-15
3155:2023-03-15
3126:2023-03-15
3094:2023-03-15
3065:2023-03-15
3036:2023-03-15
2891:2018-07-31
2839:2018-07-31
2805:2018-07-31
2776:2018-07-31
2766:: Midrash"
2615:2023-03-15
2561:References
2089:Seder Olam
2018:See also:
1638:Ein Yaakov
1461:650–900 CE
1401:400–600 CE
1018:As a genre
991:Septuagint
985:(KJV) and
967:Chronicles
741:Literalism
651:Historical
558:Archeology
495:Septuagint
390:Authorship
378:Authorship
177:Oral Torah
5420:Midrashim
5371:indicate
5319:Mormonism
5304:Christian
5184:Symbolism
5172:Synagogue
5152:Mythology
5113:Education
5084:Astronomy
5067:Astrology
4884:relations
4689:Zarphatic
4637:Galitzish
4439:Yeshivish
4316:Catalanic
4279:Samaritan
4254:Ashkenazi
4235:Diasporic
4230:Languages
4175:Sephardim
4170:Romaniote
4057:Krymchaks
3991:Desi Jews
3867:Buddhists
3651:Midrashim
2735:171667828
2727:0195-9085
2686:cite book
2678:988864539
2577:"midrash"
2544:Semiotics
2504:Archetype
2268:, on the
2185:(940 CE).
2109:Leviticus
2025:Tannaitic
1980:Acharonim
1826:instead.
1820:Masoretic
1757:to Esther
1551:Ruth Zuta
1361:Tannaitic
1298:Leviticus
1184:Tannaitic
1039:As method
961:The word
866:Inerrancy
676:Canonical
671:Redaction
563:Artifacts
344:Apocrypha
273:and books
233:Etymology
202:The word
108:midrashot
99:midrashim
18:Midrashim
5425:Exegesis
5384:Category
5354:Hinduism
5344:Buddhism
5246:Genetics
5162:Politics
5135:Marriage
5094:Holidays
5089:Calendar
4970:Rabbinic
4946:/Hebrew
4891:Haymanot
4818:Orthodox
4805:Branches
4778:Kabbalah
4773:Haskalah
4751:Holiness
4627:dialects
4607:Shassagh
4570:Krymchak
4550:Kayliñña
4444:Yinglish
4420:Galilean
4410:Talmudic
4405:Biblical
4380:Betanure
4299:Biblical
4294:Mishnaic
4289:Medieval
4274:Tiberian
4269:Yemenite
4259:Sephardi
4195:Paradesi
4139:Ḥabbanim
4129:Teimanim
4094:Baghdadi
4067:Maghrebi
4035:Karaites
4013:Gruzínim
4001:Kochinim
3919:Diaspora
3877:Karaites
3862:Atheists
3799:Timeline
3721:(Hebrew)
3703:Tanchuma
3568:Archived
3526:Archived
3462:Archived
3422:Archived
3371:Archived
3237:Archived
3193:Archived
3149:Archived
3120:Archived
3088:Archived
3059:Archived
3030:Archived
2914:Archived
2885:Archived
2856:Archived
2833:Archived
2799:Archived
2770:Archived
2647:, p. 735
2631:Archived
2609:Archived
2580:Archived
2554:Typology
2492:See also
2367:haggadic
2355:and the
2217:Tanchuma
2043:Mekhilta
1975:Rishonim
1963:Savoraim
1898:idolatry
1894:parables
1878:paradise
1861:Haggadah
815:Violence
800:Serpents
790:Prophecy
785:Muhammad
500:Peshitta
490:Targumim
242:a series
240:Part of
137:דָּרַשׁ
126:exegesis
118:exegesis
115:Biblical
106:
86:מִדְרָשׁ
5369:Italics
5194:Studies
5140:Divorce
5106:Kashrut
5101:Cuisine
5059:Culture
4990:Midrash
4985:Tosefta
4975:Mishnah
4963:Ketuvim
4958:Nevi'im
4921:Schisms
4911:Science
4901:Karaite
4872:Renewal
4833:Litvaks
4828:Hasidic
4783:Sefirot
4768:Halakha
4739:Messiah
4712:Mitzvah
4707:Beliefs
4661:Western
4647:Poylish
4642:Litvish
4632:Eastern
4622:Yiddish
4617:Shuadit
4602:Qwareña
4590:Tetuani
4585:Haketia
4560:Knaanic
4555:Kivruli
4503:Bukhori
4449:Heblish
4385:Hulaulá
4375:Barzani
4331:Yahudic
4264:Mizrahi
4124:Urfalim
4079:Mizrahi
4023:Neofiti
4018:Italkim
3947:Lita'im
3839:Zionism
3791:History
3765:Judaism
3689:. 1905.
3681:Midrash
3666:Midrash
3659:. 1913.
3635:Midrash
3604:23 July
3574:23 July
2534:Madrasa
2530:matters
2524:Midrasz
2349:Rabboth
2302:English
2190:Pesikta
2126:Numbers
1958:Amoraim
1953:Tannaim
1900:, etc.
1886:messiah
1855:aggadah
1848:Aggadah
1830:Origins
1734:Ketuvim
1712:Nevi'im
1444:Tanhuma
1211:Amoraic
1198:Tosefta
1193:Mishnah
1128:aggadic
1121:halakha
1108:smaller
1075:halakha
996:βιβλίον
979:midrash
971:midrash
963:midrash
955:דָּרַשׁ
944:midrash
855:Quranic
850:Islamic
845:Gnostic
820:Warfare
810:Slavery
750:Alcohol
712:Midrash
656:Textual
512:Vulgate
298:Ketuvim
293:Nevi'im
216:midrash
204:Midrash
191:halakha
183:aggadah
156:Genesis
45:Midrash
5177:Hazzan
5167:Prayer
5044:Siddur
4980:Talmud
4944:Tanakh
4879:Neolog
4852:Reform
4840:Modern
4823:Haredi
4746:Ethics
4612:Shassi
4580:Ladino
4545:Karaim
4528:Juhuri
4370:Targum
4284:Signed
4249:Modern
4244:Hebrew
4212:Xuetes
4008:Dönmeh
3967:Yekkes
3707:Hebrew
2733:
2725:
2676:
2666:
2549:Symbol
2306:Hebrew
2290:Tanakh
2270:Psalms
2183:Esther
2113:Talmud
1970:Geonim
1943:Chazal
1884:, the
1874:demons
1870:angels
1666:Targum
1273:Exodus
1215:Gemara
1029:Qumran
1011:peshat
949:darash
780:Incest
760:Ethics
717:Pardes
707:Pesher
661:Source
590:Places
585:People
568:Dating
395:Dating
349:Jewish
283:Tanakh
271:Canons
244:on the
197:Tanakh
131:darash
122:Talmud
112:Jewish
82:Hebrew
5349:Islam
5157:Names
5147:Music
5128:Rebbe
5123:Rabbi
5077:Monen
5032:Zohar
4953:Torah
4948:Bible
4062:Lemba
3937:Chuts
2731:S2CID
2480:, in
2353:Torah
2181:, on
2169:, on
2146:Sifre
2121:Sifre
2104:Sifra
1948:Zugot
1890:Satan
1677:Torah
1615:Later
1326:Sifre
1242:Later
1066:Tanna
1055:Akiba
1002:γραφή
825:Women
775:Humor
595:Names
288:Torah
250:Bible
3763:and
3761:Jews
3606:2017
3576:2017
2723:ISSN
2692:link
2674:OCLC
2664:ISBN
2519:Icon
2300:(in
2188:The
2128:and
1882:hell
1053:and
975:Iddo
795:Rape
666:Form
462:and
175:and
4756:God
3683:".
3668:".
3653:".
2715:doi
2220:or
2124:on
2107:on
1858:or
1165:by
805:Sex
199:).
102:or
90:pl.
5416::
3592:.
3566:.
3562:.
3524:.
3486:^
3460:.
3420:.
3369:.
3235:.
3191:.
3147:.
3118:.
3103:^
3086:.
3057:.
3028:.
2924:^
2909::
2883:.
2831:.
2797:.
2768:.
2729:.
2721:.
2711:40
2709:.
2688:}}
2684:{{
2672:.
2641:,
2607:.
2586:.
2569:^
2332:):
1888:,
1880:,
1876:,
1872:,
1864:.
1132:.
1115:.
359:NT
354:OT
214:,
208:CE
88:;
84::
80:;
70:ɑː
4237:)
4233:(
3753:e
3746:t
3739:v
3709:)
3705:(
3679:"
3664:"
3649:"
3608:.
3578:.
3535:.
3471:.
3431:.
3380:.
3363:"
3246:.
3202:.
3158:.
3129:.
3097:.
3068:.
3039:.
2894:.
2842:.
2808:.
2791:"
2779:.
2762:"
2747:(
2737:.
2717::
2694:)
2680:.
2618:.
2590:.
2400:(
2272:.
2099:.
2039:.
2007:e
2000:t
1993:v
1790:e
1783:t
1776:v
1339:)
1335:(
1217:)
1213:(
1097:.
952:(
931:e
924:t
917:v
163:.
134:(
76:/
73:ʃ
67:r
64:d
61:ɪ
58:m
55:ˈ
52:/
48:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
