Torah - Knowledge

56: 2333:, the leader of the Jewish community on its return from Babylon, a pivotal role in its promulgation. Many theories have been advanced to explain the composition of the Torah, but two have been especially influential. The first of these, Persian Imperial authorisation, advanced by Peter Frei in 1985, holds that the Persian authorities required the Jews of Jerusalem to present a single body of law as the price of local autonomy. Frei's theory was, according to Eskenazi, "systematically dismantled" at an interdisciplinary symposium held in 2000, but the relationship between the Persian authorities and Jerusalem remains a crucial question. The second theory, associated with Joel P. Weinberg and called the "Citizen-Temple Community", proposes that the Exodus story was composed to serve the needs of a post-exilic Jewish community organised around the Temple, which acted in effect as a bank for those who belonged to it. 3829: 3674: 4390:. It is believed that every word, or marking, has divine meaning and that not one part may be inadvertently changed lest it lead to error. The fidelity of the Hebrew text of the Tanakh, and the Torah in particular, is considered paramount, down to the last letter: translations or transcriptions are frowned upon for formal service use, and transcribing is done with painstaking care. An error of a single letter, ornamentation, or symbol of the 304,805 stylized letters that make up the Hebrew Torah text renders a Torah scroll unfit for use, hence a special skill is required and a scroll takes considerable time to write and check. 2365: 2281: 2441: 1608: 4696: 72: 2249: 4356: 4184: 4492: 9478: 2487: 2481: 2001: 4295: 4123: 3907: 3577: 2053:. For these acts, God destroys approximately 15,000 of them through various means. They arrive at the borders of Canaan and send spies into the land. Upon hearing the spies' fearful report concerning the conditions in Canaan, the Israelites refuse to take possession of it. God condemns them to death in the wilderness until a new generation can grow up and carry out the task. The book ends with the new generation of Israelites in the " 9492: 3496: 2072:. As such it draws to a conclusion the themes introduced in Genesis and played out in Exodus and Leviticus: God has promised the Israelites that they shall become a great (i.e. numerous) nation, that they will have a special relationship with Yahweh their god, and that they shall take possession of the land of Canaan. Numbers also demonstrates the importance of holiness, faithfulness and trust: despite God's presence and 4109:

Torah and its development throughout history. Humanistic Judaism holds that the Torah is a historical, political, and sociological text, but does not believe that every word of the Torah is true, or even morally correct. Humanistic Judaism is willing to question the Torah and to disagree with it, believing that the entire Jewish experience, not just the Torah, should be the source for Jewish behavior and ethics.

2493: 9621: 1475:, but it cannot be said to refer there to the entire corpus (according to academic Bible criticism). In contrast, there is every likelihood that its use in the post-Exilic works was intended to be comprehensive. Other early titles were "The Book of Moses" and "The Book of the Torah", which seems to be a contraction of a fuller name, "The Book of the Torah of God". 2305:, which posits that the Torah was derived from a series of direct additions to an existing corpus of work. A "neo-documentarian" hypothesis, which responds to the criticism of the original hypothesis and updates the methodology used to determine which text comes from which sources, has been advocated by biblical historian Joel S. Baden, among others. Such a 1992:(Leviticus 17–26). Leviticus 26 provides a detailed list of rewards for following God's commandments and a detailed list of punishments for not following them. Leviticus 17 establishes sacrifices at the Tabernacle as an everlasting ordinance, but this ordinance is altered in later books with the Temple being the only place in which sacrifices are allowed. 4023:: As indicated in Exodus 23:19 among other places, a young goat may not be boiled in its mother's milk. In addition to numerous other problems with understanding the ambiguous nature of this law, there are no vowelization characters in the Torah; they are provided by the oral tradition. This is particularly relevant to this law, as the Hebrew word for 1958:, in her commentary on Exodus suggests that it is arguably the most important book in the Bible, as it presents the defining features of Israel's identity: memories of a past marked by hardship and escape, a binding covenant with God, who chooses Israel, and the establishment of the life of the community and the guidelines for sustaining it. 5068:, as some scholars suggested. Another set of post-Persian text elements might be the specific numbers in the genealogies of Gen 5 and 11. These numbers build the overall chronology of the Pentateuch and differ significantly in the various versions. But these are just minor elements. The substance of the Pentateuch seems pre- Hellenistic." 1836:(chapters 12–50). The primeval history sets out the author's (or authors') concepts of the nature of the deity and of humankind's relationship with its maker: God creates a world which is good and fit for mankind, but when man corrupts it with sin God decides to destroy his creation, using the flood, saving only the righteous 4108:

and codes of Jewish law, which are held to be normative. Reform and Reconstructionist Judaism deny that these texts, or the Torah itself for that matter, may be used for determining normative law (laws accepted as binding) but accept them as the authentic and only Jewish version for understanding the

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read a copy of the Mosaic Torah before the populace of Judea assembled in a central Jerusalem square. Wellhausen believed that this narrative should be accepted as historical because it sounds plausible, noting: "The credibility of the narrative appears on the face of it." Following Wellhausen, most

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Römer, Thomas "How "Persian" or "Hellenistic" is the Joseph Narrative?", in T. Römer, K. Schmid et A. Bühler (ed.), The Joseph Story Between Egypt and Israel (Archaeology and Bible 5), Tübinngen: Mohr Siebeck, 2021, pp. 35-53. "The date of the original narrative can be the late Persian period, and

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Rabbinic tradition holds that Moses learned the whole Torah while he lived on Mount Sinai for 40 days and nights and both the Oral and the written Torah were transmitted in parallel with each other. Where the Torah leaves words and concepts undefined, and mentions procedures without explanation or

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as described by De Wette, subsequently given a frame during the exile (the speeches and descriptions at the front and back of the code) to identify it as the words of Moses. However, since the 1990s, the biblical description of Josiah's reforms (including his court's production of a law-code) have

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laws: With the severity of Sabbath violation, namely the death penalty, one would assume that direction would be provided as to how exactly such a serious and core commandment should be upheld. However, most information regarding the rules and traditions of Shabbat are dictated in the Talmud and

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Schmid, Konrad; Lackowski, Mark; Bautch, Richard. "How to Identify a Persian Period Text in the Pentateuch". R. J. Bautch / M. Lackowski (eds.), On Dating Biblical Texts to the Persian Period, FAT II/101, Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2019, 101–118. "There are, however, a few exceptions regarding the

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More recently, Yonatan Adler has argued that in fact there is no surviving evidence to support the notion that the Torah was widely known, regarded as authoritative, and put into practice prior to the middle of the 2nd century BCE. Adler explored the likelihhood that Judaism, as the widespread

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By contrast, the modern scholarly consensus rejects Mosaic authorship, and affirms that the Torah has multiple authors and that its composition took place over centuries. The precise process by which the Torah was composed, the number of authors involved, and the date of each author are hotly

3552:, occurred in 1312 BCE. The Orthodox rabbinic tradition holds that the Written Torah was recorded during the following forty years, though many non-Orthodox Jewish scholars affirm the modern scholarly consensus that the Written Torah has multiple authors and was written over centuries. 2317:

become heavily debated among academics. Most scholars also agree that some form of Priestly source existed, although its extent, especially its end-point, is uncertain. The remainder is called collectively non-Priestly, a grouping which includes both pre-Priestly and post-Priestly material.

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The consensus around the documentary hypothesis collapsed in the last decades of the 20th century. The groundwork was laid with the investigation of the origins of the written sources in oral compositions, implying that the creators of J and E were collectors and editors and not authors and

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According to classical rabbinic texts this parallel set of material was originally transmitted to Moses at Sinai, and then from Moses to Israel. At that time it was forbidden to write and publish the oral law, as any writing would be incomplete and subject to misinterpretation and abuse.

3850:(crown), although such customs vary among synagogues. Congregants traditionally stand in respect when the Torah is brought out of the ark to be read, while it is being carried, and lifted, and likewise while it is returned to the ark, although they may sit during the reading itself. 2213:

one of the essential tenets of Judaism is that God transmitted the text of the Torah to Moses over the span of the 40 years the Israelites were in the desert and Moses was like a scribe who was dictated to and wrote down all of the events, the stories and the commandments.

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At an early period, it was customary to translate the Hebrew text into the vernacular at the time of the reading (e.g., in Palestine and Babylon the translation was into Aramaic). The targum ("translation") was done by a special synagogue official, called the meturgeman

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is read every Monday morning and Thursday morning at a shul (synagogue) but only if there are ten males above the age of thirteen. Reading the Torah publicly is one of the bases of Jewish communal life. The Torah is also considered a sacred book outside Judaism; in

2102:; the second reminds the Israelites of the need to follow Yahweh and the laws (or teachings) he has given them, on which their possession of the land depends; and the third offers the comfort that even should Israel prove unfaithful and so lose the land, with 55: 2045:. The task before them is to take possession of the Promised Land. The people are counted and preparations are made for resuming their march. The Israelites begin the journey, but they "murmur" at the hardships along the way, and about the authority of 4823:) (or simply altered by the passage of time and human fallibility) over time by Jewish scribes. The Torah in the Quran is always mentioned with respect in Islam. The Muslims' belief in the Torah, as well as the prophethood of Moses, is one of the 2297:, building on this insight, argued that the basis of the Pentateuch lay in short, independent narratives, gradually formed into larger units and brought together in two editorial phases, the first Deuteronomic, the second Priestly. By contrast, 1286:, and was used as the blueprint for Creation. Though hotly debated, the general trend in biblical scholarship is to recognize the final form of the Torah as a literary and ideological unity, based on earlier sources, largely complete by the 5052:

pre-Hellenistic dating of the Pentateuch. The best candidate for a post-Persian, Hellenistic text in the Pentateuch seems to be the small 'apocalypse' in Num 24:14-24, which in v. 24 mentions the victory of the ships of the כִּתִּים over

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However, after exile, dispersion, and persecution, this tradition was lifted when it became apparent that in writing was the only way to ensure that the Oral Law could be preserved. After many years of effort by a great number of

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As a part of the morning prayer services on certain days of the week, fast days, and holidays, as well as part of the afternoon prayer services of Shabbat, Yom Kippur, a section of the Pentateuch is read from a Torah scroll. On

4017:: As indicated in Deuteronomy 6:8 among other places, tefillin are to be placed on the arm and on the head between the eyes. However, there are no details provided regarding what tefillin are or how they are to be constructed. 4082:

After continued persecution more of the Oral Law was committed to writing. A great many more lessons, lectures and traditions only alluded to in the few hundred pages of Mishnah, became the thousands of pages now called the

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The Torah has been translated by Jewish scholars into most of the major European languages, including English, German, Russian, French, Spanish and others. The most well-known German-language translation was produced by

5694:. T&T Clark. p. 249-250. "It was once conventional to accept Josiah's reform at face value, but the question is currently much debated (Albertz 1994: 198–201; 2005; Lohfink 1995; P. R. Davies 2005; Knauf 2005a)." 1403:, meaning norm, standard, doctrine, and later "law". Greek and Latin Bibles then began the custom of calling the Pentateuch (five books of Moses) The Law. Other translational contexts in the English language include 4010:

instructions, the reader is required to seek out the missing details from supplemental sources known as the Oral Law or Oral Torah. Some of the Torah's most prominent commandments needing further explanation are:

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and his immediate family to reestablish the relationship between man and God. The Ancestral history (chapters 12–50) tells of the prehistory of Israel, God's chosen people. At God's command Noah's descendant

4229:(י), the smallest letter, or decorative markings, or repeated words, were put there by God to teach scores of lessons. This is regardless of whether that yod appears in the phrase "I am the LORD thy God" ( 11201: 4555:

However, there is no suggestion that these translations had been written down as early as this. There are suggestions that the Targum was written down at an early date, although for private use only.

3750:. In the modern era, adherents of Orthodox Judaism practice Torah-reading according to a set procedure they believe has remained unchanged in the two thousand years since the destruction of the 6572: 4209:

Kabbalists hold that not only do the words of Torah give a divine message, but they also indicate a far greater message that extends beyond them. Thus they hold that even as small a mark as a

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Intertextualität als hermeneutischer Zugang zur Auslegung des Korans: Eine Betrachtung am Beispiel der Verwendung von Israiliyyat in der Rezeption der Davidserzählung in Sure 38: 21–25

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source. The earliest of these sources, J, would have been composed in the late 7th or the 6th century BCE, with the latest source, P, being composed around the 5th century BCE.

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The earliest name for the first part of the Bible seems to have been "The Torah of Moses". This title, however, is found neither in the Torah itself, nor in the works of the

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The official recognition of a written Targum and the final redaction of its text, however, belong to the post-Talmudic period, thus not earlier than the fifth century C.E.

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says, "It is He Who has sent down the Book (the Quran) to you with truth, confirming what came before it. And He sent down the Taurat (Torah) and the Injeel (Gospel)." (

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means 'to guide' or 'to teach'. The meaning of the word is therefore "teaching", "doctrine", or "instruction"; the commonly accepted "law" gives a wrong impression. The

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version of the Hebrew Bible that was used by Greek speakers. This Greek version of the Hebrew Scriptures dates from the 3rd century BCE, originally associated with

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descend into Egypt, 70 people in all with their households, and God promises them a future of greatness. Genesis ends with Israel in Egypt, ready for the coming of

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The Book of Deuteronomy is the fifth book of the Torah. Chapters 1–30 of the book consist of three sermons or speeches delivered to the Israelites by Moses on the

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found in the modern-day Torah scrolls of all Jewish communities (Ashkenazic, Sephardic, and Yemenite) is based upon the systematic list provided by Maimonides in

4435:("scribe"), an effort that may take as long as approximately one and a half years. Most modern Sifrei Torah are written with forty-two lines of text per column ( 4633:

using the Hebrew alphabet." Later, by the 10th century, it became essential for a standard version of the Bible in Judeo-Arabic. The best known was produced by

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when the Judeans who returned from exile understood its normativity as the observance of selected, ancestral laws of high symbolic value, while during the

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on a triennial rather than annual schedule, On Saturday afternoons, Mondays, and Thursdays, the beginning of the following Saturday's portion is read. On

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states that the Torah was written by Moses, with the exception of the last eight verses of Deuteronomy, describing his death and burial, being written by

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belief is that even apparently contextual text such as "And God spoke unto Moses saying ..." is no less holy and sacred than the actual statement.

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says that Ezra made no changes to the actual text of the Torah based on the Torah's prohibition of making any additions or deletions to the Torah in

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Presented as the words of Moses delivered before the conquest of Canaan, a broad consensus of modern scholars see its origin in traditions from

13886: 11364: 7503: 8055: 7482: 4898: 7296: 9332: 6936: 7619: 4528:, the more commonly understood language of the time. These translations would seem to date to the 6th century BCE. The Aramaic term for 9900: 7850: 2312:

The majority of scholars today continue to recognize Deuteronomy as a source, with its origin in the law-code produced at the court of

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and offered comments on Rasag's work. There is a debate in scholarship whether Rasag wrote the first Arabic translation of the Torah.

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The Book of Numbers is the fourth book of the Torah. The book has a long and complex history, but its final form is probably due to a

13560: 2348:, the records of a Jewish colony in Egypt dating from the last quarter of the 5th century BCE, make no reference to a written Torah, 7556: 7508:

Hebrew Bible/Old Testament. III: From Modernism to Post-Modernism. Part II: The Twentieth Century – From Modernism to Post-Modernism

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Hebrew Bible/Old Testament. III: From Modernism to Post-Modernism. Part II: The Twentieth Century – From Modernism to Post-Modernism

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Hebrew Bible/Old Testament. III: From Modernism to Post-Modernism. Part II: The Twentieth Century – From Modernism to Post-Modernism

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while there are several passages that fit better into a Greek, Ptolemaic context, most of these passages belong to later revisions."

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Later translations into Greek include seven or more other versions. These do not survive, except as fragments, and include those by

11101: 7879: 5292:, literally, ... The Greek term was apparently popularized by the Hellenized Jews of Alexandria, Egypt, in the first century AD..." 4809:

to be given by God to Prophets among the Children of Israel, and often refers to the entire Hebrew Bible. According to the Quran,

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when vowels are absent. Without the oral tradition, it is not known whether the violation is in mixing meat with milk or with fat.

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One of the earliest known translations of the first five books of Moses from the Hebrew into Greek was the Septuagint. This is a

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have made adaptations to the practice of Torah reading, but the basic pattern of Torah reading has usually remained the same:

8473: 7671: 7515: 7450: 7350: 7308: 7182: 7165: 7144: 7030: 6988: 6946: 6925: 6768: 6682: 6519: 6380: 6345: 6310: 6263: 6229: 6003: 5752: 5270: 5143: 3012: 71: 10688: 7640: 11698: 6079: 4101:. Since the greater number of rabbis lived in Babylon, the Babylonian Talmud has precedence should the two be in conflict. 3370: 1262:. Rabbinic tradition's understanding is that all of the teachings found in the Torah (both written and oral) were given by 8382: 12516: 9523: 8493: 8488: 7912: 6551: 6452: 6106: 5554: 3415: 1646:. Interspersed in the narrative are the specific teachings (religious obligations and civil laws) given explicitly (i.e. 1430:, serving to encompass the entire spectrum of authoritative Jewish religious teachings throughout history, including the 1041: 13949: 9305: 8182: 7598: 7566: 7248: 7009: 6714: 6647: 6624: 6603: 2388: 2098:

which had led to that moment, and ends with an exhortation to observe the law (or teachings), later referred to as the

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rather than Aramaic. "Around that time, both scholars and lay people started producing translations of the Bible into

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during the late 6th century BCE. Many scholars see the book as reflecting the economic needs and social status of the

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The Torah contains narratives, statements of law, and statements of ethics. Collectively these laws, usually called

3641: 2242: 13907: 10692: 10450: 8242: 8150: 6957: 6422:–: "Controversy exists among scholars as to whether Rasag was the first to translate the Hebrew Bible into Arabic." 4848:, including the Torah, both to illuminate and to add exegetical depth to the reading of the Qur'an. Notable Muslim 1592: 1357: 998: 10980: 6044: 3943: 3613: 1895:

The Book of Exodus is the second book of the Torah, immediately following Genesis. The book tells how the ancient

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caste, who are believed to have provided its authors; those likely authors are collectively referred to as the

1282:, which resulted in the Torah that exists today. According to the Midrash, the Torah was created prior to the 13553: 12375: 11919: 9384: 8705: 6409: 5121: 4093:), having been compiled in Babylon. The Mishnah and Gemara together are called the Talmud. The rabbis in the 3950: 3620: 2373: 2141:(late 7th century BCE), with the final form of the modern book emerging in the milieu of the return from the 17: 12227: 11107: 7241:

Hebrew Bible/Old Testament: The History of its Interpretation, II: From the Renaissance to the Enlightenment

5288:, p. 163, Part 4. The Pentateuch by Michael A. Grisanti: "The Term 'Pentateuch' derives from the Greek 10730: 9447: 9315: 9310: 8498: 8483: 8247: 8202: 7947: 7392: 4781: 4747: 3388: 2344:(140–37 BCE) periods. Russell Gmirkin, for instance, argues for a Hellenistic dating on the basis that the 4637:(the Saadia Gaon, aka the Rasag), and continues to be in use today, "in particular among Yemenite Jewry". 13794: 13082: 11333: 11324: 10018: 9412: 9397: 8278: 8138: 4447:

on the subject. Any of several Hebrew scripts may be used, most of which are fairly ornate and exacting.

2813: 2126: 1881:) to a special relationship with one people alone (Abraham and his descendants through Isaac and Jacob). 988: 42: 11549: 9366: 9260: 8911: 8805: 8513: 8446: 8007: 7897: 7691: 5105: 4893: 3957: 3627: 3555:

All classical rabbinic views hold that the Torah was entirely Mosaic and of divine origin. Present-day

2599: 2503: 1623: 1283: 11567: 4726:), also called the Samaritan Pentateuch, is a slightly different version of the Torah, written in the 11504: 10332: 9482: 9422: 9320: 9300: 9170: 9095: 8955: 8822: 8508: 8468: 7836: 5499: 4675: 4454:

for every Jew to either write or have written for him a Sefer Torah. Torah scrolls are stored in the

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Names are sorted alphabetically. Standard form: Islamic name / Biblical name (title or relationship)

13105: 11354: 3776:") is read, selected so that the entire Pentateuch is read consecutively each year. The division of 13546: 13402: 12504: 12192: 12092: 9402: 9233: 8532: 8407: 6160:"FAQ for Humanistic Judaism, Reform Judaism, Humanists, Humanistic Jews, Congregation, Arizona, AZ" 4305: 4133: 3480: 3378: 3101: 2364: 2302: 2285: 2192: 1218: 1082: 875: 6868:

The Bible Unearthed: Archaeology's New Vision of Ancient Israel and the Origin of Its Sacred Texts

3939: 3716:. The term often refers to the entire ceremony of removing the Torah scroll (or scrolls) from the 3609: 2261:, which posits four independent sources, which were later compiled together by a redactor: J, the 1980:(Leviticus 11–15), which includes the laws of slaughter and animals permissible to eat (see also: 13602: 13573: 11191: 10934: 10594: 9355: 9344: 8938: 8859: 8564: 8463: 8402: 8288: 8261: 4933: 4309: 4137: 4104:

Orthodox and Conservative branches of Judaism accept these texts as the basis for all subsequent

4065:). Other oral traditions from the same time period not entered into the Mishnah were recorded as 3917: 3587: 2629: 2529: 2416:

practice of Torah law by Jewish society at large, first emerged in Judea during the reign of the

2329:(539–332 BCE, probably 450–350 BCE). This consensus echoes a traditional Jewish view which gives 1388: 1034: 12267: 12050: 11129: 10568: 7814: 6433: 2336:

A minority of scholars would place the final formation of the Pentateuch somewhat later, in the

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contested. Throughout most of the 20th century, there was a scholarly consensus surrounding the

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Praying With Moses: A Year of Daily Prayers and Reflections on the Words and Actions of Moses

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Van Seters, John (1998). "The Pentateuch". In Steven L. McKenzie, Matt Patrick Graham (ed.).

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Torah scrolls are often dressed with a sash, a special Torah cover, various ornaments, and a

3519: 3475: 3393: 2030:(5th century BCE). The name of the book comes from the two censuses taken of the Israelites. 1858: 771: 287: 7319: 6999: 13806: 13646: 12625: 12220: 12104: 12086: 11235: 11061: 9539: 9452: 9442: 8945: 7917: 7134: 6862: 5579: 4938: 4844:) refers to interpreting the Qur'an with/through the Bible. This approach adopts canonical 4711: 4625:

From the eighth century CE, the cultural language of Jews living under Islamic rule became

4386:("Book Torah"). They are written using a painstakingly careful method by highly qualified 4267: 4189: 3799: 3759: 3736: 3560: 3545: 3450: 3383: 2538: 2237:

script, so called according to the Talmud, because they brought it with them from Assyria.

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Wisdom by the week – the Weekly Torah Portion as an Inspiration for Thought and Creativity

6113:. New York: Union of American Hebrew Congregations Press. pp. 106–111. Archived from 2280: 8: 13865: 13800: 13737: 13682: 12654: 12598: 12393: 12061: 11703: 10926: 10621: 10291: 10073: 10050: 9881: 9851: 9823: 9803: 9768: 9555: 9100: 9068: 8994: 8903: 8849: 8456: 8256: 7990: 7955: 6674: 5551: 5061: 4579: 3751: 3721: 3405: 3096: 2869: 2705: 2445: 2369: 2095: 2085: 2038: 1950:(6th century BCE), from earlier written and oral traditions, with final revisions in the 1874: 1631: 1557: 1271: 1251: 1227: 909: 649: 600: 530: 152: 11559: 11485: 7443:

Torah: Functions, Meanings, and Diverse Manifestations in Early Judaism and Christianity

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Frei, Peter (2001). "Persian Imperial Authorization: A Summary". In Watts, James (ed.).

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The Book of Genesis is the first book of the Torah. It is divisible into two parts, the

1094:, "Instruction", "Teaching" or "Law") is the compilation of the first five books of the 13872: 13011: 12980: 12453: 12099: 11851: 11673: 10995: 10123: 9831: 9725: 9715: 9705: 9667: 9432: 9427: 9238: 8960: 8837: 8832: 8817: 8787: 8740: 8663: 8569: 8429: 8002: 7907: 7874: 7764: 6858: 6814: 3465: 2795: 2609: 2572: 2464: 2381: 2345: 2337: 2069: 1862: 1027: 935: 904: 242: 187: 8715: 8591: 7732:

The Jewish time line encyclopedia: A year-by-year history from Creation to the present

5214:

Malachi 3:22; Daniel 9:11, 13; Ezra 3:2; 7:6; Nehemiah 8:1; II Chronicles 23:18; 30:16

2229:. The Talmud says that Ezra changed the script used to write the Torah from the older 13894: 13788: 13467: 12659: 12644: 12580: 12039: 11765: 11350: 11249: 11027: 11007: 11000: 10066: 9788: 9697: 9637: 9216: 9147: 9029: 9014: 8797: 8668: 8633: 7922: 7776: 7667: 7646: 7625: 7604: 7583: 7562: 7541: 7511: 7488: 7467: 7446: 7369: 7346: 7325: 7304: 7281: 7244: 7212: 7188: 7161: 7140: 7119: 7112: 7096: 7077: 7056: 7026: 7005: 6984: 6963: 6942: 6921: 6891: 6872: 6844: 6821: 6794: 6764: 6741: 6720: 6699: 6678: 6643: 6620: 6599: 6578: 6557: 6536: 6515: 6496: 6376: 6362: 6341: 6327: 6306: 6292: 6259: 6245: 6225: 6211: 5953: 5748: 5713: 5266: 5252: 5139: 5125: 3890: 2888: 2683: 2591: 2417: 2393: 2341: 2196: 2180: 2137:(8th century BCE) and then adapted to a program of nationalist reform in the time of 2111: 1977: 1967: 1943: 1607: 1584: 1345: 1279: 1207: 964: 830: 820: 590: 520: 347: 337: 132: 7558:

Early History of the Israelite People: From the Written & Archaeological Sources

6179: 6091: 4582:. It contains both a translation of the Hebrew and additional and variant material. 2411:

widespread Torah observance began sometime around the middle of the 5th century BCE.

13769: 13439: 13039: 13032: 12952: 12711: 12639: 12586: 12494: 12314: 11901: 11640: 11583: 11441: 11369: 11230: 10775: 10625: 10600: 10558: 10232: 10091: 9798: 9560: 9282: 9250: 9211: 9182: 9165: 9115: 8916: 8725: 8658: 8611: 8559: 8527: 8518: 8503: 8377: 8352: 8328: 8212: 8143: 8060: 7927: 7397: 5945: 5687: 4727: 4695: 4586: 4278: 4274: 4098: 3964: 3863: 3747: 3634: 3549: 3512: 3174: 3073: 2809: 2770: 2755: 2511: 2486: 2429: 2401: 2218: 2130: 1972:

The Book of Leviticus begins with instructions to the Israelites on how to use the

1904: 1829: 1647: 1490: 1460: 1423: 1392: 1315: 1250:. The Oral Torah consists of interpretations and amplifications which according to 1246:, "Torah that is spoken"). It has also been used, however, to designate the entire 1212: 1169: 1129: 1061: 978: 815: 747: 698: 659: 615: 406: 332: 263: 13858: 4055:, who took up the compilation of a nominally written version of the Oral Law, the 2396:

argued that Judaism as a religion based on widespread observance of the Torah and

2114:, and narratives recounting the passing of the mantle of leadership from Moses to 13879: 13826: 13757: 13621: 13582: 13229: 12990: 12946: 12076: 11760: 11462: 11374: 10855: 10678: 10526: 10209: 10173: 9892: 9773: 9760: 9547: 9192: 9187: 8999: 8926: 8759: 8730: 8653: 8643: 8606: 8581: 8397: 8392: 8387: 8372: 8367: 8357: 8342: 8133: 8050: 8017: 7975: 7965: 7661: 7535: 7461: 7340: 7275: 7206: 7155: 7020: 6866: 6657: 6636: 6614: 6593: 6530: 6490: 6456: 6186: 5936:

Collins, John J. (2022). "The Torah in its Symbolic and Prescriptive Functions".

4928: 4837: 4794: 4699: 4497: 4444: 4440: 4429:

contains 304,805 letters, all of which must be duplicated precisely by a trained

4422: 4377: 3811: 3717: 3695: 3410: 3318: 3212: 2765: 2557: 2522: 2421: 2400:

first emerged in 444 BCE when, according to the biblical account provided in the

2298: 2270: 2234: 2230: 2161: 2076:, Israel lacks faith and the possession of the land is left to a new generation. 2019: 2013: 2005: 1924: 1878: 1833: 1823: 1770: 1686: 1572: 1373: 1337: 1189: 1111: 1099: 835: 795: 757: 723: 639: 595: 580: 352: 312: 273: 218: 142: 112: 60: 10975: 7441:. In Schniedewind, William M.; Zurawski, Jason M.; Boccaccini, Gabriele (eds.). 4450:

The completion of the Sefer Torah is a cause for great celebration, and it is a

1254:

have been handed down from generation to generation and are now embodied in the

571: 13929: 13845: 13712: 13569: 13092: 13060: 13020: 12887: 12878: 12649: 12634: 12573: 12290: 12210: 12151: 11820: 11668: 11446: 11185: 11158: 11134: 10969: 10953: 10806: 10765: 10737: 10704: 10631: 10548: 10536: 10514: 10498: 10339: 9836: 9629: 9496: 9471: 9292: 9199: 9157: 9137: 9125: 9105: 9019: 9009: 8977: 8970: 8950: 8921: 8893: 8888: 8854: 8764: 8688: 8678: 8616: 8414: 8362: 8273: 8268: 8030: 8025: 7960: 7889: 7809: 5987:"History Crash Course #36: Timeline: From Abraham to Destruction of the Temple" 4868: 4777: 4094: 3833: 3803: 3755: 3556: 3500: 3274: 3069: 2958: 2864: 2760: 2636: 2624: 2567: 2550: 2517: 2425: 2326: 2294: 2165: 2091: 2054: 2027: 1951: 1890: 1714: 1666: 1651: 1541: 1472: 1468: 1287: 1103: 900: 895: 890: 870: 825: 762: 742: 664: 644: 629: 624: 585: 510: 487: 342: 253: 228: 208: 198: 122: 12464: 6449: 6114: 6025:

For more information on these issues from an Orthodox Jewish perspective, see

5745:

Conversations on Canaanite and Biblical Themes: Creation, Chaos and Monotheism

5265:. Vol. 3 (2nd ed.). Detroit: Macmillan Reference. pp. 576–577. 4551:

Eventually, the practice of translating into the vernacular was discontinued.

4355: 1665:

in each book; and the common English names for the books are derived from the

13923: 13675: 13668: 13660: 13628: 13590: 13087: 12799: 12722: 12699: 12144: 11554: 11510: 11451: 11417: 11341: 11240: 11174: 10816: 10785: 10520: 10468: 9647: 9265: 9110: 9037: 8844: 8778: 8751: 8700: 8648: 8621: 8596: 8586: 8347: 8293: 8227: 8207: 8197: 8192: 8165: 8111: 8040: 7985: 7772: 6841:

Exile and Restoration Revisited: Essays on the Babylonian and Persian Periods

6402:–: "Sa'adia's own major contribution to the Torah is his Arabic translation, 5957: 5488: 5138:. Vol. 20 (2nd ed.). Detroit: Macmillan Reference. pp. 39–46. 5053: 4923: 4761: 4703: 4436: 4052: 3825:, to celebrate the completion and new start of the year's cycle of readings. 3822: 3781: 3689: 3326: 3241: 2750: 2650: 2614: 2480: 2274: 2248: 2157: 2150: 2107: 2094:, shortly before they enter the Promised Land. The first sermon recounts the 1989: 1920: 1639: 1323: 1322:; the Torah is also common among all the different versions of the Christian 973: 865: 810: 805: 800: 780: 733: 708: 554: 447: 430: 327: 322: 317: 297: 11872: 11478: 10646: 6094:

on 6 September 2009 – via The United Synagoue of Conservative Judaism.

5949: 4817:) However, the Muslims believe that this original revelation was corrupted ( 4183: 13820: 13780: 13640: 13615: 13183: 12940: 12526: 12459: 12125: 12082: 11774: 11755: 11750: 11539: 11495: 10990: 10575: 10488: 10242: 10157: 10140: 10032: 9959: 9778: 9575: 9245: 9042: 9004: 8965: 8554: 8298: 8237: 8217: 8177: 8160: 8128: 8116: 8077: 7995: 7970: 7202: 6366: 6331: 6296: 6249: 6215: 6066: 6038: 6030: 5256: 5129: 4903: 4878: 4810: 4735: 4630: 4606: 4521: 4491: 4439:

use fifty), and very strict rules about the position and appearance of the

4235:, Exodus 20:2) or whether it appears in "And God spoke unto Moses saying" ( 3873: 3869: 3859: 3795: 3460: 3455: 3400: 3279: 3184: 3144: 3091: 3045: 2849: 2658: 2099: 2058: 1976:, which they had just built (Leviticus 1–10). This is followed by rules of 1955: 1588: 1484: 1453: 1452:, "study of Torah"). The term "Torah" is also used to designate the entire 1353: 1307: 1247: 1119: 1095: 1017: 790: 785: 703: 679: 654: 634: 477: 457: 307: 302: 79: 49: 11678: 11196: 10542: 6326:

Harkins, Franklin T.; Harkins, Angela Kim (2007). "Old Latin/Vulgate". In

5857: 13723: 13706: 13538: 13373: 13166: 12921: 12863: 12852: 12486: 12446: 12387: 12253: 12242: 12238: 11780: 11693: 11688: 10276: 9730: 9255: 8770: 8695: 8673: 8576: 8170: 8099: 8094: 8082: 8072: 7663:

Sephardic and Mizrahi Jewry: From the Golden Age of Spain to Modern Times

6375:. Vol. 3 (2nd ed.). Detroit: Macmillan Reference. p. 603. 6340:. Vol. 3 (2nd ed.). Detroit: Macmillan Reference. p. 598. 6305:. Vol. 3 (2nd ed.). Detroit: Macmillan Reference. p. 597. 5986: 5558:(Translated by Henrietta Szold) Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society. 4959: 4575: 4382: 4364: 4242: 4195: 3725: 3713: 3086: 2543: 2409:

scholars throughout the 20th and early 21st centuries have accepted that

2352:, or to any other biblical event, though it does mention the festival of 2034: 1798: 1197: 1115: 950: 945: 885: 880: 688: 416: 11069: 10871: 10298: 9508: 6888:

Persia and Torah: The Theory of Imperial Authorization of the Pentateuch

6129:"Rabbi Jonathan Rietti | New York City | Breakthrough Chinuch" 4421:(or other permitted writing utensil) dipped in ink. Written entirely in 2492: 1946:

himself, modern scholarship sees the book as initially a product of the

1188:). If meant for liturgic purposes, it takes the form of a Torah scroll ( 13901: 13700: 12902: 12782: 12686: 12677: 12261: 11908: 11861: 11745: 11426: 11179: 10252: 9856: 9750: 9642: 9590: 9565: 9349: 9056: 8638: 8232: 7980: 7902: 7813: 6434:"Jewish Bible Translations: Personalities, Passions, Politics,Progress" 6128: 6027:

Modern Scholarship in the Study of Torah: Contributions and Limitations

5510: 5164: 4913: 4883: 4855: 4765: 4731: 4594: 4569: 4369: 4004: 3931: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 3886: 3815: 3754:(70 CE). In the 19th and 20th centuries CE, new movements such as 3724:, and returning the scroll(s) to the ark. It is distinct from academic 3601: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 3331: 3081: 2874: 2669: 2349: 2306: 2119: 2103: 2065: 2042: 1988:(Leviticus 16), and various moral and ritual laws sometimes called the 1985: 1973: 1928: 1896: 1870: 1857:. Jacob's name is changed to Israel, and through the agency of his son 1669: 1627: 1596: 1561: 1464: 1431: 1396: 1361: 1319: 1275: 170: 13198: 10958: 10919: 10259: 10082: 7803: 7746:

An Introduction to the New Testament: Contexts, Methods & Ministry

6553:

The Composition of the Pentateuch: Renewing the Documentary Hypothesis

13851: 13837: 13461: 13451: 13139: 12591: 12402: 12328: 12174: 11962: 11831: 11532: 11516: 10861: 10508: 10196: 10145: 10009: 9662: 9652: 9270: 8735: 8626: 8537: 8155: 8089: 7385:"Moses Outside the Torah and the Construction of a Diaspora Identity" 7226:

Merrill, Eugene H.; Rooker, Mark; Grisanti, Michael A., eds. (2011).

4463: 4459: 4414: 4076: 3299: 2998: 2844: 2821: 1808: 1780: 1752: 1742: 1724: 1696: 1551: 1404: 1384: 1107: 940: 13156: 8106: 7136:

Interpreting the Qurʾān with the Bible (Tafsīr al-Qurʾān bi-l-Kitāb)

6671:

The Pentateuch: An introduction to the first five books of the Bible

4294: 4122: 3906: 3576: 3559:

Jewish movements all reject Mosaic authorship, as do most shades of

2000: 1927:

with Yahweh who gives them their laws and instructions to build the

1290:, with possibly some later additions during the Hellenistic period. 13694: 13363: 13203: 13188: 12477: 12159: 11999: 11988: 11981: 11770: 11618: 11597: 11225: 11119: 11044: 10719: 10384: 10346: 10152: 9871: 9866: 9846: 9735: 9682: 9677: 9672: 9605: 9595: 8989: 8931: 8876: 8871: 8542: 7828: 7798: 6634:

Berlin, Adele; Brettler, Marc Zvi; Fishbane, Michael, eds. (2004).

5065: 4204: 4112: 4067: 4014: 3772: 3356: 3341: 3304: 3294: 3289: 3154: 3040: 2993: 2979: 2836: 2785: 2604: 2577: 2449: 2353: 2238: 1936: 1655: 1427: 993: 983: 930: 925: 5705: 5386: 5223:

Ezra 6:18; Neh. 13:1; II Chronicles 35:12; 25:4; cf. II Kings 14:6

4051:, the oral tradition was written down around 200 CE by Rabbi 3544:

Rabbinic writings state that the Oral Torah was given to Moses at

13731: 13429: 13224: 12728: 12541: 12498: 12427: 12422: 12359: 12294: 12280: 12182: 11837: 11826: 11625: 11588: 11318: 11262: 11168: 10779: 10751: 10604: 10562: 10478: 10415: 10366: 10287: 9876: 9861: 9687: 9585: 9580: 9570: 9204: 9088: 9083: 9073: 9061: 8881: 8866: 8810: 8745: 8720: 8683: 8547: 8222: 8121: 8045: 7937: 7863: 7527:

Revelation and Authority: Sinai in Jewish Scripture and Tradition

6780:

The Isaiah Targum: Introduction, Translation, Apparatus and Notes

5540:

language of Maimonides, Commentary on the Mishnah, Sanhedrin 10:1

5184:"Torah | Definition, Meaning, & Facts | Britannica" 4908: 4888: 4873: 4806: 4802: 4764:

in their Bibles, the Torah as the "Five Books of Moses" (or "the

4640:

Rav Sa'adia produced an Arabic translation of the Torah known as

4634: 4614: 4525: 4502: 4451: 4072: 4056: 4048: 4034: 4020: 3767: 3440: 3346: 3264: 3169: 3159: 3114: 2974: 2969: 2940: 2928: 2896: 2775: 2742: 2726: 2721: 2711: 2674: 2472: 2266: 2262: 2210: 2106:

all can be restored. The final four chapters (31–34) contain the

2070:

journey to take possession of the land God promised their fathers

2023: 1981: 1842: 1662: 1580: 1435: 1349: 1259: 370: 6492:

The Origins of Judaism: An Archaeological-Historical Reappraisal

4609:—were ad hoc conversions of parts of the Septuagint. With Saint 4524:

refers to translations and commentaries of the Hebrew text into

4238:וַיְדַבֵּר אֱלֹהִים, אֶל-מֹשֶׁה; וַיֹּאמֶר אֵלָיו, אֲנִי יְהוָה. 1483:

Christian scholars usually refer to the first five books of the

13763: 13751: 13688: 13608: 13472: 13347: 13219: 13134: 13053: 12995: 12811: 12805: 12511: 12337: 12322: 12119: 12071: 12008: 11976: 11889: 11799: 11734: 11630: 11378: 11359: 11254: 11220: 10865: 10834: 10811: 10682: 10590: 10482: 10354: 10190: 10133: 10113: 10055: 10042: 10027: 9793: 9783: 9720: 9610: 9600: 9275: 9142: 9078: 7297:"The Study of Law and Ethics in the Hebrew Bible/Old Testament" 6695:

Treasures old and new: essays in the theology of the Pentateuch

6146: 4819: 4790: 4626: 4610: 4515: 4373: 4085: 3709: 3445: 3336: 3284: 3269: 3259: 3254: 3227: 3222: 3205: 3179: 3164: 3149: 3124: 3119: 3035: 2988: 2963: 2945: 2859: 2854: 2831: 2790: 2780: 2716: 2693: 2688: 2453: 2313: 2206: 2202: 2146: 2138: 2115: 1932: 1916: 1900: 1846: 1643: 1568: 1439: 1416: 1408: 1332: 1294: 1255: 693: 396: 12219:(The valley on the 'righthand' side of the Valley of Tuwa and 7751:

Heschel, Abraham Joshua, Tucker, Gordon & Levin, Leonard,

6574:

Reading the Old Testament: an introduction to the Hebrew Bible

5893: 5869: 4721: 2432:

Jews started a much more detailed observance of its precepts.

1422:

The term "Torah" is used in the general sense to include both

30:

This article is about the Hebrew Torah. For Samaritanism, see

13745: 13634: 13596: 13393: 13048: 13003: 12793: 12787: 12757: 12439: 12341: 12164: 12137: 12113: 12023: 11894: 11806: 11578: 11527: 11490: 11396: 11114: 11097: 10826: 10769: 10741: 10664: 10650: 10635: 10611: 10585: 10552: 10530: 10502: 10426: 10396: 10389: 10380: 10371: 10220: 10178: 9973: 9924: 9841: 9813: 9808: 9745: 9657: 9226: 9221: 9175: 9130: 9046: 8310: 8065: 8035: 5881: 4786: 4431: 4418: 4403: 4387: 4220: 3712:

that involves the public reading of a set of passages from a

3351: 3249: 3198: 3191: 3055: 3050: 3030: 3025: 3020: 2935: 2923: 2918: 2913: 2906: 2901: 2826: 2698: 2176: 2073: 2050: 2046: 1908: 1866: 1854: 1850: 1802: 1774: 1746: 1718: 1690: 1661:

In Hebrew, the five books of the Torah are identified by the

1635: 1545: 1412: 1327: 1298: 1267: 1202: 1153: 7506:. In Sæbø, Magne; Ska, Jean Louis; Machinist, Peter (eds.). 7342:

Essential Torah: A Complete Guide to the Five Books of Moses

7299:. In Sæbø, Magne; Ska, Jean Louis; Machinist, Peter (eds.). 7239:. In Sæbø, Magne; Ska, Jean Louis; Machinist, Peter (eds.). 7228:

The World and the Word: An Introduction to the Old Testament

6759:. In Sæbø, Magne; Ska, Jean Louis; Machinist, Peter (eds.). 6716:

Sources of the Pentateuch: texts, introductions, annotations

6159: 6080:"The Authentic Triennial Cycle: A Better Way to Read Torah?" 4801:) is the Arabic name for the Torah within its context as an 4666:

have been published, for example by Artscroll publications.

1520: 1344:) is the Arabic name for the Torah within its context as an 1070: 13193: 13117: 12748: 12531: 12204: 11993: 11883: 11867: 11412: 11124: 10830: 10789: 10660: 10615: 10472: 10321: 10225: 9740: 9710: 9325: 7859: 6291:

Greenspoon, Leonard J. (2007). "Greek: The Septuagint". In

6272: 5797: 5458: 5057: 4814: 4455: 4409: 4225: 4097:

also collected their traditions and compiled them into the

3732: 3435: 2950: 2405: 2330: 2222: 2156:

One of its most significant verses is Deuteronomy 6:4, the

1837: 1630:, their descent into Egypt, and the giving of the Torah at 1511: 1499: 1150: 1147: 1138: 1073: 7758:

Hubbard, David "The Literary Sources of the Kebra Nagast"

7579:

The Hebrew Bible today: an introduction to critical issues

4187:

Closeup of Torah scroll showing a verse from Numbers with

3735:

the Scribe after the return of the Jewish people from the

2420:, centuries after the putative time of Ezra. By contrast, 1923:") in return for their faithfulness. Israel enters into a 13383: 12777: 12559: 9963: 9620: 7504:"Questions of the 'History of Israel' in Recent Research" 6117:

on 19 February 2005 – via Union for Reform Judaism.

5362: 5033: 5023: 5021: 5019: 5017: 4983: 4981: 4979: 2309:

continues to have adherents in Israel and North America.

1620: 1612: 1263: 7760:

Ph.D. dissertation St Andrews University, Scotland, 1956

7755:, London, Continuum International Publishing Group, 2005 6837:"From Exile and Restoration to Exile and Reconstruction" 5917: 5747:. Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. pp. 135–150. 5659: 5657: 5630: 2288:, one potential successor to the documentary hypothesis. 1911:

as their leader, they journey through the wilderness to

1877:, successively narrowing in scope from all mankind (the 7051:. In Dunn, James D. G.; Rogerson, John William (eds.). 6192: 5708:. In Kratz, Reinhard G.; Spieckermann, Hermann (eds.). 5706:"Why the Cult Reforms In Judah Probably Did Not Happen" 5446: 5434: 5374: 5152: 5002: 4284: 2424:

has argued that the observance of the Torah started in

12054:('The Sandy Plains,' or 'the Wind-curved Sand-hills') 7428:(Stone ed.). New York: Mesorah Publications, Ltd. 7184:

Struggling with God: An Introduction to the Pentateuch

6907:

Commentary on the Torah With a New English Translation

6633: 6009: 5845: 5833: 5743:. In Watson, Rebecca S.; Curtis, Adrian H. W. (eds.). 5692:

Ancient Israel: What Do We Know and How Do We Know It?

5618: 5350: 5338: 5326: 5014: 4976: 4376:

are still scribed and used for ritual purposes (i.e.,

4273:

is meaningless by itself, and serves only to mark the

3731:

Regular public reading of the Torah was introduced by

7692:"When Did Jews Start Observing Torah? – TheTorah.com" 7417:

Expanding the Palace of Torah: Orthodoxy and Feminism

7364:. In James D. G. Dunn; John William Rogerson (eds.). 7225: 5741:"2 Kings 22-3: Belief in One God in Preexilic Judah?" 5654: 5606: 5314: 5285: 4467: 4401:) is a copy of the formal Hebrew text handwritten on 4261: 4236: 4230: 4214: 3880: 2252:

One common formulation of the documentary hypothesis.

1792: 1764: 1736: 1708: 1680: 1533: 1523: 1514: 1502: 1156: 1141: 12752:(literally 'The Pilgrimage', the Greater Pilgrimage) 7753:

Heavenly Torah: As Refracted Through the Generations

7537:

Numbers (Brazos Theological Commentary on the Bible)

6857: 6467: 6465: 5470: 5398: 5392: 5088: 5086: 5084: 4849: 4831: 4266:) in the Torah (Talmud, tractate Pesachim 22b); the 3845: 3789: 3720:, chanting the appropriate excerpt with traditional 1517: 1508: 1496: 1216: 1183: 1144: 1135: 1089: 1067: 6712: 5773: 5761: 5669: 5594: 5561: 5410: 5060:. This text seems to allude to the battles between 2325:The final Torah is widely seen as a product of the 1493: 1132: 1064: 9922: 7111: 6839:. In Grabbe, Lester L.; Knoppers, Gary N. (eds.). 6813: 6635: 5821: 5809: 5422: 3872:or commandments, are sometimes referred to as the 3818:, special sections connected to the day are read. 3788:, chapter 8. Maimonides based his division of the 3539: 1849:, where he dwells as a sojourner, as does his son 1845:journeys from his home into the God-given land of 7157:Reading the Pentateuch: a historical introduction 6556:. New Haven & London: Yale University Press. 6462: 5905: 5785: 5642: 5251:Sarna, Nahum M.; et al. (2007). "Bible". In 5081: 2041:and God has taken up residence among them in the 1650:) or implicitly embedded in the narrative (as in 41:"Pentateuch" redirects here. For other uses, see 13921: 12362:, literally 'The Farthest Place-of-Prostration') 10950:Mother Abiona or Amtelai the daughter of Karnebo 7621:Style and structure in Biblical Hebrew narrative 6244: 6210: 5116: 4919:New Jewish Publication Society of America Tanakh 4256:), is said to have learned a new law from every 4113:Divine significance of letters, Jewish mysticism 1638:, just before the people of Israel cross to the 2160:, which has become the definitive statement of 1939:to possess the land, and then give them peace. 1899:leave slavery in Egypt through the strength of 7804:Jstor.org: Bibliography of Morris Jastrow, Jr. 6325: 6258:(2nd ed.). Detroit: Macmillan Reference. 6224:(2nd ed.). Detroit: Macmillan Reference. 6189:translated by Jen Taylor Friedman (geniza.net) 3708:, "Reading the Torah") is a Jewish religious 1672:and reflect the essential theme of each book: 1615:, to ensure more ordinal reading of the Torah. 13554: 9908: 9524: 7844: 7237:"The Bible Hermeneutics of Baruch de Spinoza" 4899:Jewish Publication Society of America Version 4089:. Gemara is written in Aramaic (specifically 3520: 1873:. The narrative is punctuated by a series of 1240:"Torah that is written") and the Oral Torah ( 1035: 10022:(wolf) that Jacob feared could attack Joseph 7603:. Continuum International Publishing Group. 7432: 7069: 6976: 6713:Campbell, Antony F; O'Brien, Mark A (1993). 6278: 5970:: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of June 2024 ( 5863: 5304:"The Fascinating Design Of The Jewish Bible" 5039: 4789:states that the Torah was sent by God. The " 4479:in Hebrew means "cupboard" or "closet", and 4060: 1556:, 'five scrolls'), a term first used in the 1447: 1377: 1241: 1235: 1177: 9333:Center of Contemporary Jewish Documentation 7600:The Pentateuch: a social-science commentary 6691: 6668: 5008: 4323:. Unsourced material may be challenged and 4151:. Unsourced material may be challenged and 3786:Laws of Tefillin, Mezuzah and Torah Scrolls 2064:Numbers is the culmination of the story of 2037:, where the Israelites have received their 1505: 13568: 13561: 13547: 12380:A Mosque in the area of Medina, possibly: 11694:ibn Abdullah ibn Abdul-Muttalib ibn Hashim 11496:Current Ummah of Islam (Ummah of Muhammad) 10874:(Joshua, companion and successor of Moses) 9915: 9901: 9531: 9517: 7851: 7837: 7638: 7596: 7575: 7459: 7269:. Louisville: Westminster John Knox Press. 6642:. New York City: Oxford University Press. 6431: 6290: 6050: 5899: 5887: 5636: 4960:"Torah | Definition, Meaning, & Facts" 4858:and Ibrahim bin Umar bin Hasan al-Biqa'i. 4734:. It forms the entire textual document of 4548: 4038:other books deriving from Jewish oral law. 3527: 3513: 2435: 2175:is one." Verses 6:4–5 were also quoted by 1579:) is the Arabic name for the Torah, which 1042: 1028: 13655:(Roman Catholicism, Eastern Christianity) 10241: 9538: 7713:, Yeshiva University Press, New York 2012 7153: 7046: 6980:Egypt on the Pentateuch's Ideological Map 5380: 5301: 5027: 4669: 4343:Learn how and when to remove this message 4171:Learn how and when to remove this message 3991:Learn how and when to remove this message 3661:Learn how and when to remove this message 1915:, where Yahweh promises them the land of 7880:Index of Jewish history-related articles 7727:, Scholars Press, 1994 (reprint of 1885) 7554: 7423: 7359: 7338: 7317: 7180: 7070:Kugler, Robert; Hartin, Patrick (2009). 6997: 6938:Berossus and Genesis, Manetho and Exodus 6904: 6834: 6677:Reference Library. New York: Doubleday. 6656: 6591: 6570: 6512:The Complete Hebrew – English dictionary 6395: 6180:Mishnat Soferim The forms of the letters 6107:"Section Four: The Reading of the Torah" 5978: 5839: 5612: 5464: 5452: 5368: 5356: 5344: 5320: 5170: 4987: 4760:have slightly different versions of the 4702:, Mount Gerizim Samaritan synagogue, at 4694: 4490: 4354: 4182: 4075:. Other traditions were written down as 3827: 3770:(Saturday) mornings, a weekly section (" 3672: 2439: 2363: 2359: 2279: 2247: 2066:Israel's exodus from oppression in Egypt 1999: 1606: 1293:The words of the Torah are written on a 54: 9379:United States Holocaust Memorial Museum 8016: 7808: 7739:Moses in the Quran and Islamic Exegesis 7264: 7114:The Old testament: a brief introduction 7095:(in German). Logos Verlag Berlin GmbH. 6934: 6777: 6612: 6509: 6198: 6077: 5935: 5875: 5703: 5591:Commentary on the Talmud, Sanhedrin 21b 5332: 5158: 4617:Latin translation of the Hebrew Bible. 4193:markings decorating letters written in 3548:, which, according to the tradition of 1935:and dwell with them and lead them in a 1931:, the means by which he will come from 1626:, then describes the beginnings of the 14: 13945:Hebrew words and phrases in Jewish law 13922: 11204:(Qaddar ibn Salif and Musda' ibn Dahr) 11090:Believer (Hizbil or Hizqil ibn Sabura) 10894: 7533: 7529:. Anchor Yale Bible Reference Library. 7524: 7484:Introduction to reading the Pentateuch 7234: 7201: 7018: 6955: 6913: 6807: 6786: 6528: 6514:. Vol. 2. New York: Hemed Books. 6360: 6252:, eds. (2007). "Bible: Translations". 6104: 5663: 5476: 5440: 5416: 5404: 4752:Development of the Old Testament canon 4730:, and used as sacred scripture by the 4652: 2320: 1314:is a text of the Torah written in the 13542: 12972: 12560:Events, incidents, occasions or times 12558: 11947: 11283: 10939:Mother Shamkhah bint Anush or Betenos 10893: 10667:)' or 'Owner of the Fish (or Whale)') 10448: 9948: 9935: 9896: 9512: 7832: 7689: 7659: 7617: 7396:. 8, article 15: 2–12. Archived from 7382: 7339:Robinson, George (17 December 2008). 7273: 7132: 7109: 6959:The Pentateuch: a story of beginnings 6890:. Atlanta, GA: SBL Press. p. 6. 6549: 6488: 6471: 6415: 5984: 5923: 5911: 5803: 5648: 5428: 5250: 5244: 4685: 4678:, the Torah has been translated into 4486: 4483:is derived from "kadosh", or "holy". 2404:(chapter 8), a priestly scribe named 1654:12 and 13 laws of the celebration of 12891:('Before the Setting (of the Sun)') 11370:People of a township in Surah Ya-Sin 7858: 7725:Prolegomena to the History of Israel 7642:Prolegomena to the History of Israel 7525:Sommer, Benjamin D. (30 June 2015). 7414: 7345:. Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group. 7294: 7090: 6885: 6754: 6733: 6218:, eds. (2007). "Torah, Reading of". 6111:Bechol Levavcha: with all your heart 6010:Berlin, Brettler & Fishbane 2004 5791: 5779: 5767: 5738: 5675: 5600: 5567: 5092: 4468: 4321:adding citations to reliable sources 4288: 4285:Production and use of a Torah scroll 4262: 4237: 4231: 4215: 4149:adding citations to reliable sources 4116: 3929:adding citations to reliable sources 3900: 3881: 3814:, the beginnings of each month, and 3599:adding citations to reliable sources 3570: 2118:and, finally, the death of Moses on 2096:forty years of wilderness wanderings 1793: 1765: 1737: 1709: 1681: 1478: 1367: 1318:and used as sacred scripture by the 1086: 27:First five books of the Hebrew Bible 7690:Adler, Yonatan (16 February 2023). 7501: 7480: 6757:"Changes in Pentateuchal Criticism" 6361:Sasson, Ilana (2007). "Arabic". In 5851: 5827: 5815: 5624: 5286:Merrill, Rooker & Grisanti 2011 5241:Nehemiah 8:8, 18; 10:29–30; cf. 9:3 4841: 4798: 4647: 4359:An old open Torah case with scroll. 4061: 4027:(חלב) is identical to the word for 2026:source made some time in the early 2008:part), and a reading pointer (yad). 1576: 1448: 1378: 1341: 1242: 1236: 1193: 1178: 24: 9326:YIVO Institute for Jewish Research 9306:American Jewish Historical Society 7734:, Jason Aronson Inc., London, 1992 7682: 7001:The Book of Genesis: chapters 1–17 5110: 4605:Early translations into Latin—the 4443:are observed. See for example the 2389:Prolegomena zur Geschichte Israels 1211:, and is usually printed with the 1172:tradition it is also known as the 25: 13966: 12916:('Before the rising of the Sun') 7787: 7433:Schniedewind, William M. (2022). 7091:Lang, Isabel (31 December 2015). 6905:Friedman, Richard Elliot (2001). 5205:I Kings 2:3; II Kings 14:6; 23:25 5173:, pp. 164–165, Exodus 12:49. 4952: 4664:Jewish English Bible translations 3896: 2397: 1797:, literally "Things" or "Words")— 13083:Heavenly food of Jesus' apostles 11519:(Emigrants from Mecca to Medina) 9619: 9490: 9477: 9476: 7366:Eerdmans Commentary on the Bible 7133:McCoy, R. Michael (2021-09-08). 7022:The Jewish Religion: a companion 6810:"Introduction to the Pentateuch" 6737:Reading the fractures of Genesis 5712:. De Gruyter. pp. 201–235. 5393:Finkelstein & Silberman 2002 5302:Pattanaik, David (9 July 2017). 4293: 4241:Exodus 6:2). In a similar vein, 4121: 3905: 3838:Museum of Jewish Art and History 3821:Jews observe an annual holiday, 3682:Museum of Jewish Art and History 3575: 3494: 2491: 2485: 2479: 2179:in Mark 12:28–34 as part of the 2057:" ready for the crossing of the 1685:, literally "In the beginning")— 1489: 1128: 1060: 70: 12725:(The Sacred or Forbidden Month) 12130:('Sanctuary (which is) Secure') 11486:Ya'juj and Ma'juj/Gog and Magog 10160:', 'beast of prey' or 'hunter') 7582:. Westminster John Knox Press. 7324:. Westminster John Knox Press. 7280:. Westminster John Knox Press. 6977:Greifenhagen, Franz V. (2003). 6740:. Westminster John Knox Press. 6662:Encyclopedia of Jewish Concepts 6481: 6443: 6432:Greenspoon, Leonard J. (2020). 6425: 6354: 6319: 6284: 6238: 6204: 6173: 6152: 6139: 6121: 6098: 6071: 6060: 6019: 5938:Hebrew Bible and Ancient Israel 5929: 5732: 5710:One God – One Cult – One Nation 5697: 5681: 5585: 5573: 5543: 5534: 5525: 5516: 5504: 5493: 5482: 5295: 5235: 5226: 5217: 5208: 5199: 5190: 5176: 5098: 4741: 4690: 4613:in the 4th century CE came the 3916:needs additional citations for 3853: 3586:needs additional citations for 3540:Traditional views on authorship 2022:redaction (i.e., editing) of a 13940:Hebrew Bible words and phrases 12029:Salsabīl (A river in Paradise) 11922:at the time of Abraham and Lot 11386:(People of Sodom and Gomorrah) 11053:(King Ar-Rayyān ibn Al-Walīd)) 10545:(Joachim the father of Maryam) 9949: 9936: 9398:Relations with other religions 7821:New International Encyclopedia 7510:. Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht. 7435:"Diversity and Development of 7424:Scherman, Nosson, ed. (2001). 7303:. Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht. 7243:. Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht. 7211:. Cambridge University Press. 7118:. Princeton University Press. 7047:Johnstone, William D. (2003). 6835:Eskenazi, Tamara Cohn (2009). 6763:. Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht. 5866:, pp. 206–207, 224 fn.49. 5071: 5045: 4993: 2368:Josiah hearing the reading of 2221:, the Torah was recompiled by 2186: 2079: 1769:, literally "In the desert ")— 13: 1: 11948: 9385:Encyclopedia of the Holocaust 6439:. Jewish Publication Society. 4945: 4768:") is common among them all. 4246: 4071:(external teaching), and the 3740: 3566: 2374:Julius Schnorr von Carolsfeld 2127:Israel (the northern kingdom) 1741:, literally "And He called")— 1278:, and all the teachings were 1234:denotes both the five books ( 12821:(The Afternoon or the Night) 12719:12 months: Four holy months 12271:('Place-of-Landing Blessed') 11864:(s) or People of the Injil) 11202:Slayers of Ṣāliḥ's she-camel 10731:names and titles of Muhammad 10449: 9976:found in the Quran, such as 9316:Leo Baeck Institute New York 9311:American Sephardi Federation 7709:Rothenberg, Naftali, (ed.), 7555:Thompson, Thomas L. (2000). 7393:Journal of Hebrew Scriptures 7073:An Introduction to the Bible 6998:Hamilton, Victor P. (1990). 6909:. Harper Collins Publishers. 6793:. Sheffield Academic Press. 6692:Blenkinsopp, Joseph (2004). 6669:Blenkinsopp, Joseph (1992). 6078:Rogovin, Richard D. (2006). 4846:Arabic versions of the Bible 4748:Biblical law in Christianity 4722: 1961: 1809: 1781: 1757:, "Relating to the Levites") 1753: 1725: 1697: 1634:. It ends with the death of 1552: 1122:, the Torah is known as the 7: 12590:(Flood of the Great Dam of 10911:Adam's immediate relatives 8139:Constantinopolitan Karaites 7716:Friedman, Richard Elliott, 7639:Wellhausen, Julius (1885). 7463:The Uniqueness of the Bible 7187:. Mercer University Press. 7154:McDermott, John J. (2002). 7110:Levin, Christoph L (2005). 7025:. Oxford University Press. 6914:Gaines, Jason M.H. (2015). 6820:. Oxford University Press. 6790:The theme of the Pentateuch 6778:Chilton, B.D., ed. (1987). 6592:Bandstra, Barry L. (2008). 6571:Bandstra, Barry L. (2004). 6529:Ashley, Timothy R. (1993). 4861: 4850: 4833:tafsir al-Qur'an bi-l-Kitab 4832: 4830:The Islamic methodology of 4393:According to Jewish law, a 3846: 3790: 1602: 1217: 1184: 1090: 43:Pentateuch (disambiguation) 10: 13971: 12797:('Remembrance', including 12443:(literally 'The Barrier') 11471:('Companions of the Wood') 11360:Companions of the Elephant 11309:People of the Burnt Garden 11284: 10673:('Companion of the Whale') 10269:('The Trustworthy Spirit') 9367:National Library of Israel 8008:Zionism, race and genetics 7794:Jewish Encyclopedia: Torah 7748:, InterVarsity Press, 2004 7720:, HarperSanFrancisco, 1997 7460:Siekawitch, Larry (2013). 7360:Rogerson, John W. (2003). 7318:Phillips, Anthony (1973). 6917:The Poetic Priestly Source 6105:Fields, Harvey J. (1979). 6035:Handbook of Jewish Thought 4894:Jewish Publication Society 4775: 4745: 4709: 4567: 4513: 4509: 4362: 4202: 4002: 3857: 3687: 3680:, by Édouard Moyse, 1860, 2379: 2190: 2083: 2039:laws and covenant from God 2011: 1995: 1965: 1952:Persian post-exilic period 1888: 1821: 1817: 1803: 1775: 1747: 1719: 1691: 1571:" (also Tawrah or Taurat; 1546: 47: 40: 29: 13950:Texts attributed to Moses 13836: 13779: 13722: 13581: 13526: 13485: 13413: 13336: 13297: 13246: 13212: 13176: 13149: 13071: 13064:('Mother of the Book(s)') 12979: 12973: 12968: 12934: 12768: 12739: 12708: 12690:(The Sabbath or Saturday) 12668: 12616: 12612: 12565: 12554: 12415: 12304: 12251: 12191: 12036: 11984:, literally 'The Garden') 11954: 11943: 11873:Qissis (Christian priest) 11789: 11725: 11652: 11576: 11407: 11294: 11290: 11279: 11211: 11147: 11078: 11017: 10904: 10900: 10889: 10848: 10799: 10702: 10461: 10457: 10444: 10407: 10364: 10319: 10171: 10102: 10000: 9993: 9989: 9955: 9944: 9931: 9923:People and things in the 9822: 9759: 9696: 9628: 9617: 9546: 9465: 9321:Yeshiva University Museum 9301:Center for Jewish History 9291: 9156: 9028: 8902: 8796: 8327: 7946: 7888: 7870: 7660:Zohar, Zion (June 2005). 7597:Van Seters, John (2004). 7426:Tanakh, Vol. I, The Torah 7053:Eerdmans Bible Commentary 6935:Gmirkin, Russell (2006). 6616:Genesis: In the Beginning 6595:Reading the Old Testament 6495:. Yale University Press. 5985:Spiro, Ken (9 May 2009). 5739:Hess, Richard S. (2022). 5728:– via Academia.edu. 5120:; Harvey, Warren (2007). 4999:Vol. 11 Trumah Section 61 4717: 4676:Christian biblical canons 4620: 4466:known as the "Holy Ark" ( 4091:Jewish Babylonian Aramaic 3700: 3678:Presentation of The Torah 2135:Assyrian conquest of Aram 1884: 1376:is derived from the root 529: 519: 509: 486: 476: 466: 456: 446: 415: 405: 395: 272: 262: 252: 227: 217: 207: 197: 151: 141: 131: 121: 111: 13935:Hebrew words and phrases 13795:Luther's Large Catechism 13637:(Judaism, Christianity) 11920:Mesopotamian polytheists 11868:Ruhban (Christian monks) 11742:(People of the Verandah) 11619:People of Sabaʾ or Sheba 11422:(literally 'The Romans') 11342:Companions of Noah's Ark 11259:Rahmah the wife of Ayyub 11188:(Korah, cousin of Moses) 11108:Magicians of the Pharaoh 11010:(Muhammad's adopted son) 10302:(Angel of Death, Azrael) 10086:(fish or whale) of Jonah 7913:Ancient Israel and Judah 7799:Berean Interlinear Bible 7618:Walsh, Jerome T (2001). 7534:Stubbs, David L (2009). 7502:Ska, Jean Louis (2014). 7481:Ska, Jean-Louis (2006). 7274:Olson, Dennis T (1996). 7267:The Emergence of Judaism 6812:. In John Barton (ed.). 6787:Clines, David A (1997). 6613:Bergant, Dianne (2013). 6510:Alcalay, Reuben (1996). 5549:Ginzberg, Louis (1909). 4782:Islamic–Jewish relations 4771: 4600: 4563: 4232:אָנֹכִי יְהוָה אֱלֹהֶיךָ 2303:supplementary hypothesis 2286:supplementary hypothesis 2193:Composition of the Torah 2004:An opened Torah scroll ( 1832:(chapters 1–11) and the 59:An opened Torah scroll ( 48:Not to be confused with 13403:Forbidden fruit of Adam 12873:('Decline of the Sun') 12761:(The Lesser Pilgrimage) 12491:Barrier of Dhul-Qarnayn 11916:at the time of Muhammad 11890:Ahbār (Jewish scholars) 11347:Aṣḥāb al-Kahf war-Raqīm 11243:the companion of Joshua 10077:(female ant) of Solomon 8289:North African Sephardim 8262:Jewish tribes of Arabia 7744:DeSilva, David Arthur, 7265:Neusner, Jacob (2004). 7235:Nadler, Steven (2008). 7181:McEntire, Mark (2008). 6816:Oxford Bible Commentary 6782:. Michael Glazier, Inc. 6755:Carr, David M. (2014). 6550:Baden, Joel S. (2012). 6489:Adler, Yonatan (2022). 6450:Is the Bible God's Word 6084:United Synagogue Review 5952:(inactive 2024-06-12). 5950:10.1628/hebai-2022-0003 5878:, pp. 30, 32, 190. 5552:The Legends of the Jews 5522:Mishnah, Sanhedrin 10:1 4964:Encyclopedia Britannica 4934:Torah scroll (Yemenite) 4758:Christian denominations 4700:Samaritan Torah scrolls 3746:), as described in the 2436:Significance in Judaism 2164:: "Hear, O Israel: the 1593:prophets and messengers 1358:prophets and messengers 13715:(Eastern Christianity) 13015:(Scroll(s) of Abraham) 13007:(The Book of Muhammad) 12517:Cave of Seven Sleepers 12340:, literally 'Place of 12228:Al-Buqʿah Al-Mubārakah 11604:Companions of the Rass 11505:Companions of Muhammad 11351:Companions of the Cave 10286:Angel of the Trumpet ( 9392:Holocaust Encyclopedia 9362:Jewish Virtual Library 7383:Romer, Thomas (2008). 7019:Jacobs, Louis (1995). 6956:Gooder, Paula (2000). 6871:. Simon and Schuster. 6734:Carr, David M (1996). 6638:The Jewish Study Bible 6459:by Sheikh Ahmed Deedat 5704:Pakkala, Juha (2010). 4805:holy book believed by 4707: 4670:Christian translations 4561: 4553: 4506: 4360: 4277:. In other words, the 4200: 3841: 3685: 2457: 2377: 2340:(332–164 BCE) or even 2289: 2259:documentary hypothesis 2253: 2009: 1619:The Torah starts with 1616: 1352:to have been given by 1098:, namely the books of 989:Paralipomena of Baruch 64: 36:Torah (disambiguation) 34:. For other uses, see 13814:Book of Common Prayer 13256:(literally 'lamps'): 13169:statue) of Israelites 13102:(Casket of Shekhinah) 12604:Treaty of Hudaybiyyah 12451:(Black Stone) & 12231:('The Blessed Place') 11699:Daughters of Muhammad 11689:Household of Muhammad 11665:Household of Abraham 11513:(literally 'Helpers') 10968:Disciples (including 10628:the son of Zechariah) 10217:(Honourable Scribes) 10205:Bearers of the Throne 9540:Weekly Torah Portions 9339:Encyclopaedia Judaica 9121:Sefer Raziel HaMalakh 8306:Sephardic Bnei Anusim 8056:Udmurt and Tatar Jews 7737:Wheeler, Brannon M., 7295:Otto, Eckart (2014). 6863:Silberman, Neil Asher 6372:Encyclopaedia Judaica 6337:Encyclopaedia Judaica 6302:Encyclopaedia Judaica 6255:Encyclopaedia Judaica 6221:Encyclopaedia Judaica 5806:, p. 2 and fn.3. 5262:Encyclopaedia Judaica 5135:Encyclopaedia Judaica 4716:The Samaritan Torah ( 4698: 4680:hundreds of languages 4660:Samson Raphael Hirsch 4557: 4544: 4539:Encyclopaedia Judaica 4494: 4358: 4223:of the Hebrew letter 4203:Further information: 4186: 3831: 3794:for the Torah on the 3676: 2443: 2380:Further information: 2367: 2360:Adoption of Torah law 2283: 2251: 2129:brought south to the 2003: 1713:, literally "Names")— 1611:Reading pointers, or 1610: 1487:as the 'Pentateuch' ( 1284:creation of the world 1280:written down by Moses 58: 13807:Heidelberg Catechism 13036:(Scroll(s) of Moses) 12914:Qabl ṭulūʿ ash-Shams 12631:('the Confederates') 12619:military expeditions 12394:The Prophet's Mosque 12352:('The Sacred Grove') 12148:(Station of Abraham) 11963:Al-Arḍ Al-Muqaddasah 11639:('Companions of the 11438:(Sodom and Gomorrah) 11430:(Children of Israel) 11125:Moses' sister-in-law 11104:, who adopted Moses) 11047:, Qatafir or Qittin) 11026:Brothers (including 10772:He who spoke to God) 10095:(she-camel) of Ṣāliḥ 10067:sleepers of the cave 10035:) of the Abyssinians 7918:Second Temple period 7718:Who Wrote the Bible? 7624:. Liturgical Press. 7439:in the Hebrew Bible" 7419:. UPNE. p. 192. 7415:Ross, Tamar (2004). 6808:Davies, G.I (1998). 6619:. Liturgical Press. 6598:. Cengage Learning. 5196:Joshua 8:31–32; 23:6 4939:Weekly Torah portion 4842:تفسير القرآن بالكتاب 4712:Samaritan Pentateuch 4380:); this is called a 4317:improve this section 4145:improve this section 3925:improve this article 3806:synagogues may read 3760:Conservative Judaism 3737:Babylonian captivity 3595:improve this article 3561:Conservative Judaism 2227:Second Temple period 2209:. According to the 2143:Babylonian captivity 1434:which comprises the 1399:used the Greek word 1372:The word "Torah" in 1312:Samaritan Pentateuch 1266:through the prophet 984:1, 2, and 3 Meqabyan 32:Samaritan Pentateuch 13910:(Roman Catholicism) 13866:Barahin-e-Ahmadiyya 13829:(Roman Catholicism) 13823:(Roman Catholicism) 13801:Augsburg Confession 13772:(Roman Catholicism) 13760:(Roman Catholicism) 13683:Nag Hammadi library 13593:(Egyptian religion) 12655:Expedition of Tabuk 12599:Farewell Pilgrimage 12349:Al-Mashʿar Al-Ḥarām 12268:Munzalanm-Mubārakan 12087:Al-Mashʿar Al-Ḥarām 12062:Iram of the Pillars 11365:People of al-Ukhdūd 11317:(Companions of the 10776:Ibrāhīm Khalīlullāh 10043:Domesticated donkey 10013:(cow) of Israelites 9356:Jewish Encyclopedia 9101:Hekhalot literature 8912:Religious movements 8447:Judeo-Tripolitanian 7765:Peterson, Eugene H. 7723:Welhausen, Julius, 6859:Finkelstein, Israel 6532:The Book of Numbers 6133:breakthroughchunich 6090:(1). Archived from 5926:, pp. 223–234. 5902:, p. 408 n. 1. 5890:, pp. 405–410. 5854:, pp. 226–227. 5627:, pp. 133–135. 5531:Talmud Gitten 60a, 5467:, pp. 153–154. 5186:. 28 December 2023. 4756:Although different 4653:Jewish translations 4580:Hellenistic Judaism 3836:, displayed in the 3832:Silver Torah case, 3752:Temple in Jerusalem 3744: 537 BCE 3406:Abrahamic religions 3305:Selichot (S'lichot) 3097:Bar and bat mitzvah 2600:Principles of faith 2446:Ashkenazi Synagogue 2370:Book of Deuteronomy 2321:Date of compilation 2133:in the wake of the 2086:Book of Deuteronomy 1954:(5th century BCE). 1907:. With the prophet 1558:Hellenistic Judaism 1395:who translated the 1228:rabbinic literature 1179:תּוֹרָה שֶׁבִּכְתָב 1166:Five Books of Moses 910:Additions to Daniel 876:Additions to Esther 13873:Liber AL vel Legis 13697:(Greek polytheism) 13679:(Roman polytheism) 13110:Trumpet of Israfil 12856:('The Late-Night') 12723:Ash-Shahr Al-Ḥarām 12469:(Cave of the Bull) 12454:Al-Hijr of Isma'il 12366:Al-Masjid Al-Ḥarām 12058:Iram dhāt al-ʿImād 12043:(excluding Madyan) 11966:('The Holy Land') 11914:Meccan polytheists 11852:People of the Book 11710:Household of Salih 11685:Household of Moses 11633:(people of Ṣāliḥ) 11334:Disciples of Jesus 11306:People of Paradise 11098:Āsiyá bint Muzāḥim 10987:People of Solomon 10947:People of Abraham 10927:Believer of Ya-Sin 10895:People of Prophets 10593:(Jethro, Reuel or 10400:('Rebellious one') 10124:Beast of the Earth 9497:Judaism portal 9433:Jews and Halloween 9428:Jews and Christmas 8818:Rabbinic authority 8570:Judaeo-Piedmontese 8003:Xueta Christianity 7908:Origins of Judaism 7875:Outline of Judaism 7815:"Pentateuch" 6920:. Fortress Press. 6719:. Fortress Press. 6455:2008-05-13 at the 6363:Berenbaum, Michael 6328:Berenbaum, Michael 6293:Berenbaum, Michael 6246:Berenbaum, Michael 6212:Berenbaum, Michael 6185:2008-05-23 at the 5253:Berenbaum, Michael 5126:Berenbaum, Michael 4825:fundamental tenets 4708: 4686:In other religions 4507: 4501:including text in 4487:Torah translations 4378:religious services 4361: 4201: 3842: 3686: 3557:Reform and Liberal 3501:Judaism portal 3466:Holocaust theology 2458: 2382:Origins of Judaism 2378: 2346:Elephantine papyri 2290: 2254: 2033:Numbers begins at 2010: 1879:covenant with Noah 1875:covenants with God 1863:children of Israel 1624:creating the world 1617: 1597:Children of Israel 1362:Children of Israel 1274:and others at the 1252:rabbinic tradition 936:Prayer of Manasseh 905:Letter of Jeremiah 65: 13917: 13916: 13895:The Satanic Bible 13789:Guru Granth Sahib 13536: 13535: 13522: 13521: 13495:(Water or fluid) 13481: 13480: 13468:Sidrat al-Muntahā 13312:(Garlic or wheat) 13242: 13241: 13238: 13237: 12964: 12963: 12960: 12959: 12906:('The Afternoon') 12897:('The Afternoon') 12827:('The Mornings') 12660:Conquest of Mecca 12645:Battle of Khaybar 12581:Event of Mubahala 12577:(Night of Decree) 12550: 12549: 12505:Bilād ar-Rāfidayn 12448:Al-Ḥajar al-Aswad 12411: 12410: 12403:Salat (Synagogue) 12356:Al-Masjid Al-Aqṣā 12207:Al-Muqaddas Ṭuwan 12040:Arabian Peninsula 12015:Majmaʿ al-Baḥrayn 11939: 11938: 11935: 11934: 11931: 11930: 11721: 11720: 11717: 11716: 11669:Brothers of Yūsuf 11540:Children of Ayyub 11533:Wife of Abu Lahab 11491:People of Fir'aun 11482:(People of Jonah) 11456:People of Shuaib 11442:People of Ibrahim 11375:People of Yathrib 11275: 11274: 11271: 11270: 11250:Nebuchadnezzar II 11143: 11142: 10885: 10884: 10881: 10880: 10844: 10843: 10713:and Strong Will') 10440: 10439: 10436: 10435: 10315: 10314: 10255:(Gabriel, chief) 10167: 10166: 9890: 9889: 9506: 9505: 9472:extinct languages 9373:YIVO Encyclopedia 9148:Hebrew literature 9116:Sefer HaEtz Chaim 8956:Reconstructionist 8634:Judaeo-Portuguese 8323: 8322: 8279:Eastern Sephardim 7923:Synagogal Judaism 7775:, New York, 1994 7741:, Routledge, 2002 7673:978-0-8147-9705-1 7517:978-3-525-54022-0 7452:978-1-62837-504-6 7352:978-0-307-48437-6 7310:978-3-525-54022-0 7167:978-0-8091-4082-4 7160:. Pauline Press. 7146:978-90-04-46682-1 7032:978-0-19-826463-7 6990:978-0-567-39136-0 6962:. T&T Clark. 6948:978-0-567-13439-4 6927:978-1-5064-0046-4 6770:978-3-525-54022-0 6684:978-0-385-41207-0 6521:978-965-448-179-3 6382:978-0-02-866097-4 6347:978-0-02-866097-4 6312:978-0-02-866097-4 6279:Greifenhagen 2003 6265:978-0-02-866097-4 6231:978-0-02-866097-4 5864:Greifenhagen 2003 5754:978-3-11-060629-4 5443:, pp. 19–20. 5371:, pp. 28–29. 5272:978-0-02-866097-4 5145:978-0-02-866097-4 5118:Rabinowitz, Louis 5040:Schniedewind 2022 4674:As a part of the 4353: 4352: 4345: 4181: 4180: 4173: 4001: 4000: 3993: 3975: 3671: 3670: 3663: 3645: 3537: 3536: 2889:Important figures 2563:Reconstructionist 2418:Hasmonean dynasty 2394:Julius Wellhausen 2372:(illustration by 2243:Deuteronomy 12:32 2197:Mosaic authorship 2181:Great Commandment 2112:Blessing of Moses 1978:clean and unclean 1968:Book of Leviticus 1944:ascribed to Moses 1853:and his grandson 1834:Ancestral history 1585:Islamic holy book 1479:Alternative names 1368:Meaning and names 1346:Islamic holy book 1170:Rabbinical Jewish 1052: 1051: 1012: 1011: 1006: 1005: 965:Orthodox Tewahedo 891:Wisdom of Solomon 843: 842: 549: 548: 543: 542: 539: 538: 496: 495: 425: 424: 361: 360: 282: 281: 237: 236: 161: 160: 16:(Redirected from 13962: 13770:Summa Theologica 13758:Ambrosian Hymnal 13563: 13556: 13549: 13540: 13539: 13422:Plants of Sheba 13334: 13333: 13177:Of Noah's people 13147: 13146: 13115: 13114: 13106:Throne of Bilqis 13099:Tābūt as-Sakīnah 13040:Tablets of Stone 12970: 12969: 12953:First Pilgrimage 12769:Times for prayer 12712:Islamic calendar 12640:Battle of Hunayn 12614: 12613: 12556: 12555: 12495:Bayt al-Muqaddas 12034: 12033: 11945: 11944: 11704:Muhammad's wives 11679:Progeny of Imran 11561:Yaʾjūj wa Maʾjūj 11463:People of Madyan 11405: 11404: 11394: 11393: 11292: 11291: 11281: 11280: 11015: 11014: 10981:Zechariah's wife 10965:People of Jesus 10954:Ishmael's mother 10902: 10901: 10891: 10890: 10700: 10699: 10641:Isrāʾīl (Israel) 10626:John the Baptist 10459: 10458: 10446: 10445: 10239: 10238: 10233:Munkar and Nakir 9998: 9997: 9991: 9990: 9946: 9945: 9933: 9932: 9917: 9910: 9903: 9894: 9893: 9882:V'Zot HaBerachah 9623: 9533: 9526: 9519: 9510: 9509: 9495: 9494: 9493: 9480: 9479: 8612:Judeo-Golpaygani 8213:Palestinian Jews 8188:Alexandrian Jews 8144:Crimean Karaites 8061:Unterlander Jews 8014: 8013: 7928:Rabbinic Judaism 7853: 7846: 7839: 7830: 7829: 7825: 7817: 7730:Kantor, Mattis, 7706: 7704: 7702: 7677: 7656: 7635: 7614: 7593: 7572: 7551: 7540:. Brazos Press. 7530: 7521: 7498: 7477: 7456: 7429: 7420: 7411: 7409: 7408: 7402: 7389: 7379: 7356: 7335: 7314: 7291: 7270: 7261: 7259: 7257: 7231: 7222: 7198: 7177: 7175: 7174: 7150: 7129: 7117: 7106: 7087: 7066: 7043: 7041: 7039: 7015: 6994: 6973: 6952: 6931: 6910: 6901: 6882: 6854: 6831: 6819: 6804: 6783: 6774: 6751: 6730: 6709: 6688: 6665: 6658:Birnbaum, Philip 6653: 6641: 6630: 6609: 6588: 6567: 6546: 6525: 6506: 6475: 6469: 6460: 6447: 6441: 6440: 6438: 6429: 6423: 6413: 6407: 6393: 6387: 6386: 6358: 6352: 6351: 6323: 6317: 6316: 6288: 6282: 6276: 6270: 6269: 6242: 6236: 6235: 6208: 6202: 6196: 6190: 6177: 6171: 6170: 6168: 6167: 6156: 6150: 6143: 6137: 6136: 6125: 6119: 6118: 6102: 6096: 6095: 6075: 6069: 6064: 6058: 6048: 6042: 6023: 6017: 6007: 6001: 6000: 5998: 5997: 5982: 5976: 5975: 5969: 5961: 5933: 5927: 5921: 5915: 5909: 5903: 5897: 5891: 5885: 5879: 5873: 5867: 5861: 5855: 5849: 5843: 5837: 5831: 5825: 5819: 5813: 5807: 5801: 5795: 5789: 5783: 5777: 5771: 5765: 5759: 5758: 5736: 5730: 5729: 5727: 5726: 5701: 5695: 5685: 5679: 5673: 5667: 5661: 5652: 5646: 5640: 5634: 5628: 5622: 5616: 5610: 5604: 5598: 5592: 5589: 5583: 5577: 5571: 5565: 5559: 5547: 5541: 5538: 5532: 5529: 5523: 5520: 5514: 5508: 5502: 5497: 5491: 5486: 5480: 5474: 5468: 5462: 5456: 5450: 5444: 5438: 5432: 5426: 5420: 5414: 5408: 5402: 5396: 5390: 5384: 5378: 5372: 5366: 5360: 5354: 5348: 5342: 5336: 5330: 5324: 5318: 5312: 5311: 5299: 5293: 5283: 5277: 5276: 5248: 5242: 5239: 5233: 5230: 5224: 5221: 5215: 5212: 5206: 5203: 5197: 5194: 5188: 5187: 5180: 5174: 5168: 5162: 5156: 5150: 5149: 5114: 5108: 5102: 5096: 5090: 5079: 5075: 5069: 5049: 5043: 5037: 5031: 5025: 5012: 5009:Blenkinsopp 1992 5006: 5000: 4997: 4991: 4985: 4974: 4973: 4971: 4970: 4956: 4853: 4843: 4835: 4800: 4728:Samaritan script 4725: 4719: 4648:Modern languages 4550: 4471: 4470: 4348: 4341: 4337: 4334: 4328: 4297: 4289: 4265: 4264: 4255: 4251: 4248: 4240: 4239: 4234: 4233: 4218: 4217: 4176: 4169: 4165: 4162: 4156: 4125: 4117: 4099:Jerusalem Talmud 4064: 4063: 3996: 3989: 3985: 3982: 3976: 3974: 3933: 3909: 3901: 3884: 3883: 3864:613 commandments 3849: 3793: 3748:Book of Nehemiah 3745: 3742: 3703: 3702: 3666: 3659: 3655: 3652: 3646: 3644: 3603: 3579: 3571: 3550:Orthodox Judaism 3529: 3522: 3515: 3499: 3498: 3497: 2771:Aruch HaShulchan 2495: 2489: 2483: 2460: 2459: 2430:Maccabean revolt 2412: 2402:Book of Nehemiah 2219:Jewish tradition 2174: 2169: 2131:Kingdom of Judah 1986:Day of Atonement 1948:Babylonian exile 1905:Plagues of Egypt 1830:Primeval history 1812: 1806: 1805: 1796: 1795: 1784: 1778: 1777: 1768: 1767: 1756: 1750: 1749: 1740: 1739: 1728: 1722: 1721: 1712: 1711: 1700: 1694: 1693: 1684: 1683: 1648:Ten Commandments 1628:people of Israel 1578: 1555: 1549: 1548: 1536: 1530: 1529: 1526: 1525: 1522: 1519: 1516: 1513: 1510: 1507: 1504: 1501: 1498: 1495: 1467:. It appears in 1451: 1450: 1424:Rabbinic Judaism 1393:Alexandrian Jews 1381: 1380: 1343: 1316:Samaritan script 1245: 1244: 1239: 1238: 1222: 1195: 1187: 1181: 1180: 1163: 1162: 1159: 1158: 1155: 1152: 1149: 1146: 1143: 1140: 1137: 1134: 1093: 1088: 1080: 1079: 1076: 1075: 1072: 1069: 1066: 1044: 1037: 1030: 860: 859: 856: 854:Deuterocanonical 730: 729: 726: 682: 618: 574: 565: 564: 559: 507: 506: 444: 443: 437: 393: 392: 384: 383: 379: 375: 250: 249: 195: 194: 184: 183: 179: 175: 109: 108: 104: 100: 90: 89: 84: 74: 67: 66: 21: 13970: 13969: 13965: 13964: 13963: 13961: 13960: 13959: 13920: 13919: 13918: 13913: 13890:(Scientologist) 13880:Book of Shadows 13832: 13827:Roman Catechism 13809:(Protestantism) 13803:(Protestantism) 13775: 13718: 13647:Samaritan Torah 13577: 13570:Religious texts 13567: 13537: 13532: 13518: 13477: 13415: 13409: 13332: 13293: 13248: 13234: 13208: 13172: 13145: 13119: 13118:Mentioned idols 13113: 13075: 13073: 13067: 13012:Ṣuḥuf-i Ibrāhīm 12975: 12956: 12947:Laylat al-Mabit 12930: 12882:('The Evening') 12871:Dulūk ash-Shams 12839:('The Morning') 12833:('The Morning') 12770: 12764: 12735: 12710: 12704: 12693:Days of battles 12664: 12618: 12608: 12569:Incident of Ifk 12561: 12546: 12537:Palestine River 12407: 12376:Masjid al-Dirar 12306: 12300: 12247: 12195: 12187: 12042: 12038: 12032: 11969:'Blessed' Land' 11950: 11927: 11791: 11785: 11766:Umayyad Dynasty 11727: 11713: 11674:Lot's daughters 11658: 11657:('People of the 11656: 11648: 11600:(people of Hud) 11586: 11572: 11564:(Gog and Magog) 11447:People of Ilyas 11400: 11398: 11392: 11325:Jesus' apostles 11302:Aṣḥāb al-Jannah 11286: 11267: 11213: 11207: 11171:of Moses' time) 11139: 11115:Wise, pious man 11102:Wife of Pharaoh 11094:Imraʾat Firʿawn 11081:Aaron and Moses 11080: 11074: 11030:(Benjamin) and 11019: 11013: 10931:Family of Noah 10896: 10877: 10840: 10795: 10766:Mūsā Kalīmullāh 10712: 10710: 10708: 10698: 10624:ibn Zakariyyā ( 10453: 10432: 10403: 10360: 10311: 10273:Ar-Rūḥ al-Qudus 10263:('The Spirit') 10237: 10215:Kirāman Kātibīn 10210:Harut and Marut 10187:Angels of Hell 10163: 10098: 9985: 9951: 9940: 9927: 9921: 9891: 9886: 9818: 9755: 9692: 9624: 9615: 9542: 9537: 9507: 9502: 9491: 9489: 9461: 9287: 9152: 9024: 8898: 8792: 8607:Judeo-Borujerdi 8582:Judeo-Malayalam 8528:Judeo-Aragonese 8499:Lishanid Noshan 8331: 8319: 8051:Oberlander Jews 8012: 7942: 7884: 7866: 7857: 7810:Jastrow, Morris 7790: 7785: 7700: 7698: 7685: 7683:Further reading 7680: 7674: 7653: 7632: 7611: 7590: 7569: 7548: 7518: 7495: 7487:. Eisenbrauns. 7474: 7466:. Cross Books. 7453: 7406: 7404: 7400: 7387: 7376: 7353: 7332: 7311: 7288: 7255: 7253: 7251: 7219: 7195: 7172: 7170: 7168: 7147: 7126: 7103: 7084: 7063: 7037: 7035: 7033: 7012: 6991: 6970: 6949: 6928: 6898: 6879: 6851: 6828: 6801: 6771: 6748: 6727: 6706: 6685: 6650: 6627: 6606: 6585: 6564: 6543: 6522: 6503: 6484: 6479: 6478: 6470: 6463: 6457:Wayback Machine 6448: 6444: 6436: 6430: 6426: 6414: 6410: 6394: 6390: 6383: 6359: 6355: 6348: 6324: 6320: 6313: 6289: 6285: 6277: 6273: 6266: 6243: 6239: 6232: 6209: 6205: 6201:, p. xiii. 6197: 6193: 6187:Wayback Machine 6178: 6174: 6165: 6163: 6158: 6157: 6153: 6144: 6140: 6127: 6126: 6122: 6103: 6099: 6076: 6072: 6065: 6061: 6051:Siekawitch 2013 6049: 6045: 6037:, Volume I, by 6024: 6020: 6008: 6004: 5995: 5993: 5983: 5979: 5963: 5962: 5934: 5930: 5922: 5918: 5910: 5906: 5900:Wellhausen 1885 5898: 5894: 5888:Wellhausen 1885 5886: 5882: 5874: 5870: 5862: 5858: 5850: 5846: 5838: 5834: 5826: 5822: 5814: 5810: 5802: 5798: 5790: 5786: 5778: 5774: 5766: 5762: 5755: 5737: 5733: 5724: 5722: 5720: 5702: 5698: 5686: 5682: 5674: 5670: 5662: 5655: 5647: 5643: 5637:Van Seters 2004 5635: 5631: 5623: 5619: 5611: 5607: 5599: 5595: 5590: 5586: 5578: 5574: 5566: 5562: 5548: 5544: 5539: 5535: 5530: 5526: 5521: 5517: 5509: 5505: 5498: 5494: 5489:Deuteronomy 6:4 5487: 5483: 5475: 5471: 5463: 5459: 5455:, pp. 1–2. 5451: 5447: 5439: 5435: 5427: 5423: 5415: 5411: 5403: 5399: 5391: 5387: 5379: 5375: 5367: 5363: 5355: 5351: 5343: 5339: 5331: 5327: 5319: 5315: 5300: 5296: 5284: 5280: 5273: 5249: 5245: 5240: 5236: 5231: 5227: 5222: 5218: 5213: 5209: 5204: 5200: 5195: 5191: 5182: 5181: 5177: 5169: 5165: 5161:, p. 2767. 5157: 5153: 5146: 5115: 5111: 5103: 5099: 5091: 5082: 5076: 5072: 5050: 5046: 5038: 5034: 5026: 5015: 5007: 5003: 4998: 4994: 4986: 4977: 4968: 4966: 4958: 4957: 4953: 4948: 4943: 4929:Samaritan Torah 4864: 4784: 4774: 4754: 4744: 4714: 4693: 4688: 4672: 4655: 4650: 4623: 4603: 4572: 4566: 4518: 4512: 4498:Mikraot Gedolot 4489: 4445:Mishnah Berurah 4367: 4349: 4338: 4332: 4329: 4314: 4298: 4287: 4253: 4249: 4207: 4177: 4166: 4160: 4157: 4142: 4126: 4115: 4007: 3997: 3986: 3980: 3977: 3934: 3932: 3922: 3910: 3899: 3866: 3856: 3812:Jewish holidays 3743: 3699: 3694:Torah reading ( 3692: 3667: 3656: 3650: 3647: 3604: 3602: 3592: 3580: 3569: 3542: 3533: 3495: 3493: 3486: 3485: 3431: 3430: 3421: 3420: 3411:Judeo-Christian 3374: 3373: 3371:Other religions 3362: 3361: 3322: 3321: 3310: 3309: 3245: 3244: 3233: 3232: 3187: 3140: 3139: 3130: 3129: 3111: 3077: 3076: 3061: 3060: 3016: 3015: 3013:Religious roles 3004: 3003: 2966: 2962: 2892: 2891: 2880: 2879: 2841: 2817: 2816: 2801: 2800: 2766:Mishnah Berurah 2746: 2745: 2734: 2733: 2708: 2661: 2654: 2653: 2642: 2641: 2595: 2594: 2583: 2582: 2514: 2507: 2506: 2438: 2422:John J. Collins 2410: 2386:In his seminal 2384: 2362: 2323: 2299:John Van Seters 2271:Priestly source 2269:source, P, the 2265:source, E, the 2199: 2191:Main articles: 2189: 2172: 2167: 2162:Jewish identity 2088: 2082: 2016: 2014:Book of Numbers 2006:Book of Numbers 1998: 1970: 1964: 1893: 1887: 1826: 1824:Book of Genesis 1820: 1813:, "Second-Law") 1605: 1534: 1492: 1488: 1481: 1426:'s written and 1382:, which in the 1370: 1301:) in Hebrew. A 1205:, it is called 1203:bound book form 1131: 1127: 1083:Biblical Hebrew 1063: 1059: 1048: 1008: 1007: 857: 852: 845: 844: 727: 722: 715: 714: 713: 683: 678: 671: 670: 669: 619: 614: 607: 606: 605: 575: 570: 557: 545: 544: 435: 381: 377: 371: 363: 362: 357: 181: 177: 171: 163: 162: 106: 102: 96: 82: 61:Book of Genesis 53: 46: 39: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 13968: 13958: 13957: 13952: 13947: 13942: 13937: 13932: 13915: 13914: 13912: 13911: 13905: 13899: 13891: 13883: 13877: 13869: 13863: 13855: 13849: 13846:Book of Mormon 13842: 13840: 13834: 13833: 13831: 13830: 13824: 13818: 13810: 13804: 13798: 13792: 13785: 13783: 13777: 13776: 13774: 13773: 13767: 13761: 13755: 13749: 13743: 13742: 13741: 13728: 13726: 13720: 13719: 13717: 13716: 13713:Divine Liturgy 13710: 13709:(Neoplatonism) 13704: 13698: 13692: 13686: 13680: 13672: 13666: 13665: 13664: 13663:(Christianity) 13658: 13657: 13656: 13650: 13649:(Samaritanism) 13632: 13626: 13612: 13606: 13600: 13594: 13587: 13585: 13579: 13578: 13566: 13565: 13558: 13551: 13543: 13534: 13533: 13527: 13524: 13523: 13520: 13519: 13517: 13516: 13510: 13509: 13508: 13507:(River or sea) 13502: 13489: 13487: 13483: 13482: 13479: 13478: 13476: 13475: 13470: 13465: 13455: 13445: 13444: 13443: 13433: 13419: 13417: 13411: 13410: 13408: 13407: 13406: 13405: 13397: 13387: 13377: 13367: 13357: 13351: 13340: 13338: 13331: 13325: 13319: 13313: 13307: 13301: 13299: 13295: 13294: 13292: 13291: 13290: 13289: 13277: 13276: 13275: 13263: 13252: 13250: 13244: 13243: 13240: 13239: 13236: 13235: 13233: 13232: 13227: 13222: 13216: 13214: 13210: 13209: 13207: 13206: 13201: 13196: 13191: 13186: 13180: 13178: 13174: 13173: 13171: 13170: 13159: 13153: 13151: 13144: 13143: 13127: 13123: 13121: 13112: 13111: 13108: 13103: 13095: 13090: 13085: 13079: 13077: 13069: 13068: 13066: 13065: 13057: 13044: 13043: 13042: 13037: 13016: 13008: 12999: 12985: 12983: 12977: 12976: 12966: 12965: 12962: 12961: 12958: 12957: 12955: 12950: 12943: 12938: 12936: 12932: 12931: 12929: 12928: 12927: 12926: 12911: 12910: 12909: 12908: 12907: 12898: 12883: 12868: 12859: 12858: 12857: 12847:('The Night') 12842: 12841: 12840: 12834: 12822: 12803:('Praising'), 12774: 12772: 12771:or remembrance 12766: 12765: 12763: 12762: 12753: 12743: 12741: 12737: 12736: 12734: 12733: 12732: 12731: 12726: 12716: 12714: 12706: 12705: 12703: 12702: 12697: 12694: 12691: 12682: 12672: 12670: 12666: 12665: 12663: 12662: 12657: 12652: 12650:Battle of Uhud 12647: 12642: 12637: 12635:Battle of Badr 12632: 12622: 12620: 12610: 12609: 12607: 12606: 12601: 12595: 12583: 12578: 12574:Laylat al-Qadr 12570: 12566: 12563: 12562: 12552: 12551: 12548: 12547: 12545: 12544: 12538: 12535: 12529: 12524: 12519: 12514: 12509: 12501: 12492: 12489: 12484: 12483: 12482: 12481: 12480: 12475: 12470: 12466:Ghār ath-Thawr 12462: 12457: 12432: 12431: 12430: 12419: 12417: 12413: 12412: 12409: 12408: 12406: 12405: 12400: 12399: 12398: 12397: 12396: 12391: 12378: 12373: 12363: 12353: 12331: 12326: 12319: 12310: 12308: 12302: 12301: 12299: 12298: 12289:('Township of 12284: 12274: 12273: 12272: 12258: 12256: 12249: 12248: 12246: 12245: 12236: 12235: 12234: 12233: 12232: 12217:Al-Wādil-Ayman 12211:Valley of Tuwa 12199: 12197: 12189: 12188: 12186: 12185: 12180: 12179: 12178: 12156: 12155: 12154: 12152:Safa and Marwa 12149: 12141: 12131: 12122: 12107: 12102: 12097: 12089: 12080: 12067: 12066: 12065: 12046: 12044: 12031: 12030: 12027: 12017: 12012: 12002: 12000:Door of Hittah 11997: 11985: 11972: 11971: 11970: 11958: 11956: 11952: 11951: 11941: 11940: 11937: 11936: 11933: 11932: 11929: 11928: 11926: 11925: 11924: 11923: 11917: 11906: 11905: 11904: 11899: 11898: 11897: 11892: 11877: 11876: 11875: 11870: 11845: 11844: 11843: 11835: 11823: 11815: 11814: 11813: 11803: 11800:Ahl al-Dhimmah 11795: 11793: 11787: 11786: 11784: 11783: 11777: 11768: 11763: 11761:Iranian people 11758: 11753: 11748: 11743: 11737: 11731: 11729: 11723: 11722: 11719: 11718: 11715: 11714: 11712: 11711: 11708: 11707: 11706: 11701: 11696: 11686: 11683: 11682: 11681: 11676: 11671: 11662: 11660: 11650: 11649: 11647: 11646: 11645: 11644: 11628: 11623: 11622: 11621: 11606: 11601: 11594: 11592: 11574: 11573: 11571: 11570: 11565: 11557: 11552: 11547: 11542: 11537: 11536: 11535: 11524: 11523: 11522: 11521: 11520: 11514: 11501:Aṣḥāb Muḥammad 11493: 11488: 11483: 11474: 11473: 11472: 11469:Aṣḥāb al-Aykah 11466: 11454: 11449: 11444: 11439: 11431: 11423: 11415: 11408: 11402: 11391: 11390: 11389:Nation of Noah 11387: 11381: 11372: 11367: 11362: 11357: 11344: 11339: 11338: 11337: 11322: 11312: 11311: 11310: 11307: 11298: 11296: 11288: 11287: 11277: 11276: 11273: 11272: 11269: 11268: 11266: 11265: 11260: 11257: 11252: 11247: 11244: 11241:Caleb or Kaleb 11238: 11233: 11228: 11223: 11217: 11215: 11209: 11208: 11206: 11205: 11199: 11194: 11189: 11183: 11177: 11172: 11162: 11151: 11149: 11145: 11144: 11141: 11140: 11138: 11137: 11132: 11127: 11122: 11117: 11112: 11111: 11110: 11105: 11091: 11084: 11082: 11076: 11075: 11073: 11072: 11067: 11066: 11065: 11054: 11048: 11035: 11023: 11021: 11012: 11011: 11005: 11004: 11003: 10998: 10996:Queen of Sheba 10993: 10985: 10984: 10983: 10978: 10973: 10963: 10962: 10961: 10959:Isaac's mother 10956: 10951: 10945: 10942: 10941: 10940: 10937: 10929: 10924: 10923: 10922: 10917: 10908: 10906: 10898: 10897: 10887: 10886: 10883: 10882: 10879: 10878: 10876: 10875: 10872:Yūshaʿ ibn Nūn 10869: 10859: 10852: 10850: 10846: 10845: 10842: 10841: 10839: 10838: 10824: 10814: 10809: 10803: 10801: 10800:Debatable ones 10797: 10796: 10794: 10793: 10783: 10782:Friend of God) 10773: 10763: 10762: 10761: 10755: 10735: 10734: 10733: 10727: 10716: 10714: 10709:('Those of the 10697: 10696: 10686: 10676: 10675: 10674: 10668: 10644: 10643: 10642: 10629: 10619: 10608: 10598: 10588: 10583: 10573: 10572: 10571: 10556: 10546: 10540: 10534: 10524: 10518: 10512: 10506: 10496: 10486: 10476: 10465: 10463: 10455: 10454: 10442: 10441: 10438: 10437: 10434: 10433: 10431: 10430: 10423: 10411: 10409: 10405: 10404: 10402: 10401: 10393: 10377: 10375: 10362: 10361: 10359: 10358: 10351: 10343: 10336: 10328: 10326: 10317: 10316: 10313: 10312: 10310: 10309: 10303: 10295: 10284: 10283: 10282: 10281: 10280: 10270: 10267:Ar-Rūḥ al-Amīn 10249: 10247: 10236: 10235: 10230: 10229: 10228: 10223: 10212: 10207: 10202: 10201: 10200: 10193: 10184: 10182: 10169: 10168: 10165: 10164: 10162: 10161: 10149: 10137: 10127: 10117: 10106: 10104: 10100: 10099: 10097: 10096: 10087: 10078: 10069: 10059: 10046: 10036: 10023: 10014: 10004: 10002: 9995: 9987: 9986: 9984: 9983: 9982: 9981: 9956: 9953: 9952: 9942: 9941: 9929: 9928: 9920: 9919: 9912: 9905: 9897: 9888: 9887: 9885: 9884: 9879: 9874: 9869: 9864: 9859: 9854: 9849: 9844: 9839: 9834: 9828: 9826: 9820: 9819: 9817: 9816: 9811: 9806: 9801: 9796: 9791: 9786: 9781: 9776: 9771: 9765: 9763: 9757: 9756: 9754: 9753: 9748: 9743: 9738: 9733: 9728: 9723: 9718: 9713: 9708: 9702: 9700: 9694: 9693: 9691: 9690: 9685: 9680: 9675: 9670: 9665: 9660: 9655: 9650: 9645: 9640: 9634: 9632: 9626: 9625: 9618: 9616: 9614: 9613: 9608: 9603: 9598: 9593: 9588: 9583: 9578: 9573: 9568: 9563: 9558: 9552: 9550: 9544: 9543: 9536: 9535: 9528: 9521: 9513: 9504: 9503: 9501: 9500: 9486: 9466: 9463: 9462: 9460: 9459: 9458: 9457: 9456: 9455: 9450: 9445: 9439:non-Christian 9437: 9436: 9435: 9430: 9425: 9420: 9415: 9410: 9395: 9388: 9381: 9376: 9369: 9364: 9359: 9352: 9347: 9342: 9335: 9330: 9329: 9328: 9323: 9318: 9313: 9308: 9297: 9295: 9289: 9288: 9286: 9285: 9280: 9279: 9278: 9273: 9263: 9258: 9253: 9248: 9243: 9242: 9241: 9231: 9230: 9229: 9224: 9214: 9209: 9208: 9207: 9197: 9196: 9195: 9185: 9180: 9179: 9178: 9173: 9162: 9160: 9154: 9153: 9151: 9150: 9145: 9140: 9138:Shulchan Aruch 9135: 9134: 9133: 9128: 9126:Sefer Yetzirah 9123: 9118: 9113: 9108: 9106:Pardes Rimonim 9103: 9096:Kabbalah texts 9093: 9092: 9091: 9086: 9081: 9076: 9066: 9065: 9064: 9059: 9054: 9040: 9034: 9032: 9026: 9025: 9023: 9022: 9017: 9012: 9007: 9002: 8997: 8992: 8987: 8986: 8985: 8980: 8975: 8974: 8973: 8963: 8958: 8953: 8948: 8943: 8942: 8941: 8936: 8935: 8934: 8929: 8908: 8906: 8900: 8899: 8897: 8896: 8891: 8889:Land of Israel 8886: 8885: 8884: 8874: 8869: 8864: 8863: 8862: 8852: 8847: 8842: 8841: 8840: 8830: 8825: 8820: 8815: 8814: 8813: 8802: 8800: 8794: 8793: 8791: 8790: 8785: 8784: 8783: 8782: 8781: 8776: 8775: 8774: 8767: 8765:Judeo-Alsatian 8757: 8756: 8755: 8748: 8743: 8738: 8718: 8713: 8708: 8703: 8698: 8693: 8692: 8691: 8686: 8676: 8671: 8666: 8661: 8656: 8651: 8646: 8641: 8636: 8631: 8630: 8629: 8624: 8619: 8617:Judeo-Hamedani 8614: 8609: 8604: 8594: 8592:Judaeo-Occitan 8589: 8584: 8579: 8574: 8573: 8572: 8562: 8557: 8552: 8551: 8550: 8545: 8540: 8533:Jewish English 8530: 8525: 8524: 8523: 8522: 8521: 8511: 8506: 8501: 8496: 8491: 8486: 8481: 8476: 8471: 8464:Judaeo-Aramaic 8461: 8460: 8459: 8454: 8452:Judeo-Tunisian 8449: 8444: 8442:Judeo-Moroccan 8439: 8438: 8437: 8435:Judeo-Baghdadi 8422: 8417: 8412: 8411: 8410: 8405: 8400: 8395: 8390: 8385: 8380: 8375: 8370: 8365: 8360: 8355: 8350: 8339: 8337: 8325: 8324: 8321: 8320: 8318: 8317: 8316: 8315: 8314: 8313: 8303: 8302: 8301: 8291: 8286: 8284:Livornese Jews 8281: 8271: 8266: 8265: 8264: 8254: 8253: 8252: 8251: 8250: 8245: 8240: 8235: 8225: 8220: 8215: 8210: 8205: 8200: 8195: 8190: 8185: 8175: 8174: 8173: 8163: 8158: 8153: 8148: 8147: 8146: 8141: 8131: 8126: 8125: 8124: 8114: 8109: 8104: 8103: 8102: 8097: 8087: 8086: 8085: 8080: 8070: 8069: 8068: 8063: 8058: 8053: 8048: 8043: 8038: 8033: 8031:Afrikaner-Jode 8022: 8020: 8011: 8010: 8005: 8000: 7999: 7998: 7988: 7983: 7978: 7973: 7968: 7963: 7958: 7952: 7950: 7944: 7943: 7941: 7940: 7935: 7930: 7925: 7920: 7915: 7910: 7905: 7900: 7894: 7892: 7886: 7885: 7883: 7882: 7877: 7871: 7868: 7867: 7856: 7855: 7848: 7841: 7833: 7827: 7826: 7806: 7801: 7796: 7789: 7788:External links 7786: 7784: 7783: 7762: 7756: 7749: 7742: 7735: 7728: 7721: 7714: 7707: 7686: 7684: 7681: 7679: 7678: 7672: 7657: 7651: 7636: 7630: 7615: 7609: 7594: 7588: 7573: 7568:978-9004119437 7567: 7552: 7546: 7531: 7522: 7516: 7499: 7493: 7478: 7472: 7457: 7451: 7430: 7421: 7412: 7380: 7374: 7357: 7351: 7336: 7330: 7315: 7309: 7292: 7286: 7271: 7262: 7250:978-3525539828 7249: 7232: 7223: 7217: 7199: 7193: 7178: 7166: 7151: 7145: 7130: 7124: 7107: 7101: 7088: 7082: 7067: 7061: 7044: 7031: 7016: 7011:978-0802825216 7010: 6995: 6989: 6983:. Bloomsbury. 6974: 6968: 6953: 6947: 6941:. Bloomsbury. 6932: 6926: 6911: 6902: 6896: 6883: 6877: 6855: 6849: 6843:. Bloomsbury. 6832: 6826: 6805: 6799: 6784: 6775: 6769: 6752: 6746: 6731: 6725: 6710: 6704: 6689: 6683: 6666: 6654: 6649:978-0195297515 6648: 6631: 6626:978-0814682753 6625: 6610: 6605:978-0495391050 6604: 6589: 6583: 6568: 6562: 6547: 6541: 6526: 6520: 6507: 6501: 6485: 6483: 6480: 6477: 6476: 6461: 6442: 6424: 6408: 6388: 6381: 6353: 6346: 6318: 6311: 6283: 6281:, p. 218. 6271: 6264: 6237: 6230: 6203: 6191: 6172: 6151: 6138: 6120: 6097: 6070: 6059: 6043: 6018: 6002: 5977: 5928: 5916: 5904: 5892: 5880: 5868: 5856: 5844: 5832: 5830:, p. 218. 5820: 5818:, p. 217. 5808: 5796: 5784: 5782:, p. 609. 5772: 5770:, p. 457. 5760: 5753: 5731: 5718: 5696: 5688:Grabbe, Lester 5680: 5678:, p. 605. 5668: 5666:, p. 271. 5653: 5641: 5629: 5617: 5605: 5603:, p. 434. 5593: 5584: 5572: 5570:, p. 192. 5560: 5542: 5533: 5524: 5515: 5503: 5492: 5481: 5469: 5457: 5445: 5433: 5421: 5409: 5397: 5385: 5381:Johnstone 2003 5373: 5361: 5349: 5337: 5335:, p. xii. 5325: 5313: 5294: 5278: 5271: 5243: 5234: 5225: 5216: 5207: 5198: 5189: 5175: 5163: 5159:Alcalay (1996) 5151: 5144: 5109: 5097: 5080: 5070: 5044: 5032: 5028:McDermott 2002 5013: 5001: 4992: 4990:, p. 630. 4975: 4950: 4949: 4947: 4944: 4942: 4941: 4936: 4931: 4926: 4921: 4916: 4911: 4906: 4901: 4896: 4891: 4886: 4881: 4876: 4871: 4869:Aliyah (Torah) 4865: 4863: 4860: 4778:Torah in Islam 4773: 4770: 4743: 4740: 4692: 4689: 4687: 4684: 4671: 4668: 4662:. A number of 4654: 4651: 4649: 4646: 4622: 4619: 4602: 4599: 4568:Main article: 4565: 4562: 4514:Main article: 4511: 4508: 4495:A page from a 4488: 4485: 4441:Hebrew letters 4363:Main article: 4351: 4350: 4301: 4299: 4292: 4286: 4283: 4211:kotso shel yod 4179: 4178: 4129: 4127: 4120: 4114: 4111: 4095:Land of Israel 4040: 4039: 4032: 4018: 4003:Main article: 3999: 3998: 3913: 3911: 3904: 3898: 3897:The Oral Torah 3895: 3882:תּוֹרַת־מֹשֶׁה 3855: 3852: 3834:Ottoman Empire 3756:Reform Judaism 3706:K'riat HaTorah 3688:Main article: 3669: 3668: 3583: 3581: 3574: 3568: 3565: 3541: 3538: 3535: 3534: 3532: 3531: 3524: 3517: 3509: 3506: 3505: 3504: 3503: 3488: 3487: 3484: 3483: 3478: 3473: 3468: 3463: 3458: 3453: 3448: 3443: 3438: 3432: 3429:Related topics 3428: 3427: 3426: 3423: 3422: 3419: 3418: 3413: 3408: 3403: 3397: 3396: 3391: 3386: 3381: 3375: 3369: 3368: 3367: 3364: 3363: 3360: 3359: 3354: 3349: 3344: 3339: 3334: 3329: 3323: 3319:Major holidays 3317: 3316: 3315: 3312: 3311: 3308: 3307: 3302: 3297: 3292: 3287: 3282: 3277: 3275:Birkat Hamazon 3272: 3267: 3262: 3257: 3252: 3246: 3240: 3239: 3238: 3235: 3234: 3231: 3230: 3225: 3219: 3218: 3217: 3216: 3209: 3202: 3195: 3182: 3177: 3172: 3167: 3162: 3157: 3152: 3147: 3141: 3138:Ritual objects 3137: 3136: 3135: 3132: 3131: 3128: 3127: 3122: 3117: 3110: 3109: 3104: 3099: 3094: 3089: 3084: 3078: 3068: 3067: 3066: 3063: 3062: 3059: 3058: 3053: 3048: 3043: 3038: 3033: 3028: 3023: 3017: 3011: 3010: 3009: 3006: 3005: 3002: 3001: 2996: 2991: 2985: 2984: 2983: 2982: 2977: 2972: 2959:Rabbinic sages 2954: 2953: 2948: 2943: 2938: 2932: 2931: 2926: 2921: 2916: 2910: 2909: 2904: 2899: 2893: 2887: 2886: 2885: 2882: 2881: 2878: 2877: 2872: 2867: 2865:Chevra kadisha 2862: 2857: 2852: 2847: 2840: 2839: 2834: 2829: 2824: 2818: 2808: 2807: 2806: 2803: 2802: 2799: 2798: 2793: 2788: 2783: 2778: 2773: 2768: 2763: 2761:Shulchan Aruch 2758: 2753: 2747: 2741: 2740: 2739: 2736: 2735: 2732: 2731: 2730: 2729: 2724: 2719: 2714: 2702: 2701: 2696: 2691: 2686: 2680: 2679: 2678: 2677: 2672: 2667: 2655: 2649: 2648: 2647: 2644: 2643: 2640: 2639: 2637:Musar movement 2634: 2633: 2632: 2622: 2617: 2612: 2607: 2602: 2596: 2590: 2589: 2588: 2585: 2584: 2581: 2580: 2575: 2570: 2565: 2560: 2554: 2553: 2548: 2547: 2546: 2535: 2534: 2533: 2532: 2527: 2526: 2525: 2508: 2502: 2501: 2500: 2497: 2496: 2476: 2475: 2469: 2468: 2437: 2434: 2361: 2358: 2327:Persian period 2322: 2319: 2295:Rolf Rendtorff 2188: 2185: 2171:our God, the L 2092:plains of Moab 2084:Main article: 2081: 2078: 2055:plains of Moab 2028:Persian period 2012:Main article: 1997: 1994: 1966:Main article: 1963: 1960: 1942:Traditionally 1891:Book of Exodus 1889:Main article: 1886: 1883: 1822:Main article: 1819: 1816: 1815: 1814: 1786: 1758: 1730: 1702: 1604: 1601: 1583:believe is an 1480: 1477: 1369: 1366: 1288:Persian period 1215:commentaries ( 1185:Tōrā šebbīḵṯāv 1050: 1049: 1047: 1046: 1039: 1032: 1024: 1021: 1020: 1014: 1013: 1010: 1009: 1004: 1003: 1002: 1001: 996: 991: 986: 981: 976: 968: 967: 961: 960: 959: 958: 953: 948: 943: 938: 933: 928: 920: 919: 915: 914: 913: 912: 907: 898: 893: 888: 883: 878: 873: 868: 858: 851: 850: 847: 846: 841: 840: 839: 838: 833: 828: 823: 818: 813: 808: 803: 798: 793: 788: 783: 775: 774: 772:Minor prophets 768: 767: 766: 765: 760: 755: 750: 745: 737: 736: 734:Major prophets 728: 721: 720: 717: 716: 712: 711: 706: 701: 696: 691: 685: 684: 677: 676: 673: 672: 668: 667: 662: 657: 652: 650:1–2 Chronicles 647: 642: 637: 632: 627: 621: 620: 613: 612: 609: 608: 604: 603: 598: 593: 588: 583: 577: 576: 569: 568: 561: 560: 558:(Christianity) 551: 550: 547: 546: 541: 540: 537: 536: 535:Divre Hayyamim 533: 527: 526: 523: 517: 516: 513: 503: 502: 498: 497: 494: 493: 490: 484: 483: 480: 474: 473: 470: 464: 463: 460: 454: 453: 450: 440: 439: 427: 426: 423: 422: 419: 413: 412: 409: 403: 402: 399: 389: 388: 382: 369: 368: 365: 364: 359: 358: 356: 355: 350: 345: 340: 335: 330: 325: 320: 315: 310: 305: 300: 294: 291: 290: 284: 283: 280: 279: 276: 270: 269: 266: 260: 259: 256: 246: 245: 239: 238: 235: 234: 231: 225: 224: 221: 215: 214: 211: 205: 204: 201: 191: 190: 182: 169: 168: 165: 164: 159: 158: 155: 149: 148: 145: 139: 138: 135: 129: 128: 125: 119: 118: 115: 107: 94: 93: 86: 85: 76: 75: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 13967: 13956: 13955:Sifrei Kodesh 13953: 13951: 13948: 13946: 13943: 13941: 13938: 13936: 13933: 13931: 13928: 13927: 13925: 13909: 13906: 13903: 13900: 13897: 13896: 13892: 13889: 13888: 13884: 13881: 13878: 13875: 13874: 13870: 13867: 13864: 13861: 13860: 13859:Kitáb-i-Aqdas 13856: 13853: 13850: 13847: 13844: 13843: 13841: 13839: 13835: 13828: 13825: 13822: 13819: 13817:(Anglicanism) 13816: 13815: 13811: 13808: 13805: 13802: 13799: 13797:(Lutheranism) 13796: 13793: 13790: 13787: 13786: 13784: 13782: 13778: 13771: 13768: 13765: 13762: 13759: 13756: 13753: 13750: 13747: 13744: 13739: 13736: 13735: 13733: 13730: 13729: 13727: 13725: 13721: 13714: 13711: 13708: 13705: 13702: 13699: 13696: 13693: 13690: 13687: 13684: 13681: 13678: 13677: 13676:Metamorphoses 13673: 13670: 13669:Bhagavad Gita 13667: 13662: 13661:New Testament 13659: 13654: 13651: 13648: 13645: 13644: 13642: 13639: 13638: 13636: 13633: 13630: 13627: 13624: 13623: 13618: 13617: 13613: 13611:(Zoroastrian) 13610: 13607: 13604: 13601: 13598: 13595: 13592: 13591:Pyramid Texts 13589: 13588: 13586: 13584: 13580: 13575: 13571: 13564: 13559: 13557: 13552: 13550: 13545: 13544: 13541: 13530: 13525: 13514: 13511: 13506: 13503: 13500: 13497: 13496: 13494: 13491: 13490: 13488: 13484: 13474: 13471: 13469: 13466: 13463: 13459: 13456: 13453: 13449: 13446: 13441: 13437: 13434: 13431: 13427: 13424: 13423: 13421: 13420: 13418: 13414:Bushes, trees 13412: 13404: 13401: 13400: 13398: 13395: 13391: 13388: 13385: 13381: 13378: 13375: 13371: 13368: 13365: 13361: 13358: 13355: 13352: 13349: 13345: 13342: 13341: 13339: 13335: 13329: 13326: 13323: 13320: 13317: 13314: 13311: 13308: 13305: 13302: 13300: 13296: 13287: 13284: 13283: 13281: 13278: 13273: 13270: 13269: 13267: 13264: 13261: 13258: 13257: 13255: 13251: 13245: 13231: 13228: 13226: 13223: 13221: 13218: 13217: 13215: 13211: 13205: 13202: 13200: 13197: 13195: 13192: 13190: 13187: 13185: 13182: 13181: 13179: 13175: 13168: 13164: 13160: 13158: 13155: 13154: 13152: 13150:Of Israelites 13148: 13141: 13137: 13136: 13131: 13128: 13125: 13124: 13122: 13120:(cult images) 13116: 13109: 13107: 13104: 13101: 13100: 13096: 13094: 13093:Staff of Musa 13091: 13089: 13086: 13084: 13081: 13080: 13078: 13070: 13063: 13062: 13058: 13055: 13051: 13050: 13045: 13041: 13038: 13035: 13034: 13030: 13029: 13027: 13023: 13022: 13017: 13014: 13013: 13009: 13006: 13005: 13000: 12997: 12993: 12992: 12987: 12986: 12984: 12982: 12978: 12971: 12967: 12954: 12951: 12949: 12948: 12944: 12942: 12939: 12937: 12933: 12924: 12923: 12918: 12917: 12915: 12912: 12905: 12904: 12899: 12896: 12893: 12892: 12890: 12889: 12884: 12881: 12880: 12875: 12874: 12872: 12869: 12866: 12865: 12860: 12855: 12854: 12849: 12848: 12846: 12843: 12838: 12835: 12832: 12829: 12828: 12826: 12823: 12820: 12817: 12816: 12814: 12813: 12808: 12807: 12802: 12801: 12796: 12795: 12790: 12789: 12784: 12780: 12779: 12773: 12767: 12760: 12759: 12754: 12751: 12750: 12745: 12744: 12742: 12738: 12730: 12727: 12724: 12721: 12720: 12718: 12717: 12715: 12713: 12709:Months of the 12707: 12701: 12698: 12695: 12692: 12689: 12688: 12683: 12680: 12679: 12674: 12673: 12671: 12667: 12661: 12658: 12656: 12653: 12651: 12648: 12646: 12643: 12641: 12638: 12636: 12633: 12630: 12629: 12624: 12623: 12621: 12615: 12611: 12605: 12602: 12600: 12596: 12593: 12589: 12588: 12587:Sayl al-ʿArim 12584: 12582: 12579: 12576: 12575: 12571: 12568: 12567: 12564: 12557: 12553: 12543: 12539: 12536: 12533: 12530: 12528: 12525: 12523: 12520: 12518: 12515: 12513: 12510: 12508:(Mesopotamia) 12507: 12506: 12502: 12500: 12496: 12493: 12490: 12488: 12485: 12479: 12476: 12474: 12471: 12468: 12467: 12463: 12461: 12458: 12456: 12455: 12450: 12449: 12445: 12444: 12442: 12441: 12436: 12435: 12433: 12429: 12426: 12425: 12424: 12421: 12420: 12418: 12414: 12404: 12401: 12395: 12392: 12389: 12385: 12382: 12381: 12379: 12377: 12374: 12371: 12370:Sacred Mosque 12367: 12364: 12361: 12357: 12354: 12351: 12350: 12346: 12345: 12343: 12339: 12335: 12332: 12330: 12327: 12325: 12324: 12320: 12317: 12316: 12312: 12311: 12309: 12303: 12296: 12292: 12288: 12285: 12282: 12278: 12275: 12270: 12269: 12265: 12264: 12263: 12260: 12259: 12257: 12255: 12250: 12244: 12240: 12237: 12230: 12229: 12225: 12224: 12222: 12218: 12215: 12214: 12212: 12208: 12206: 12201: 12200: 12198: 12196:or Tīh Desert 12194: 12190: 12184: 12181: 12176: 12172: 12169: 12168: 12166: 12162: 12161: 12157: 12153: 12150: 12147: 12146: 12145:Maqām Ibrāhīm 12142: 12139: 12135: 12132: 12129: 12127: 12123: 12121: 12118: 12117: 12115: 12111: 12108: 12106: 12103: 12101: 12098: 12095: 12094: 12090: 12088: 12084: 12081: 12078: 12074: 12073: 12068: 12063: 12059: 12056: 12055: 12053: 12052: 12048: 12047: 12045: 12041: 12035: 12028: 12025: 12021: 12018: 12016: 12013: 12010: 12006: 12003: 12001: 11998: 11995: 11991: 11990: 11986: 11983: 11979: 11978: 11973: 11968: 11967: 11965: 11964: 11960: 11959: 11957: 11953: 11946: 11942: 11921: 11918: 11915: 11912: 11911: 11910: 11907: 11903: 11900: 11896: 11895:Rabbani/Rabbi 11893: 11891: 11888: 11887: 11885: 11881: 11878: 11874: 11871: 11869: 11866: 11865: 11863: 11859: 11856: 11855: 11853: 11849: 11846: 11841: 11840: 11839: 11836: 11833: 11829: 11828: 11824: 11822: 11819: 11816: 11811: 11810: 11809: 11808: 11804: 11802: 11801: 11797: 11796: 11794: 11788: 11782: 11778: 11776: 11772: 11769: 11767: 11764: 11762: 11759: 11757: 11754: 11752: 11749: 11747: 11744: 11741: 11738: 11736: 11733: 11732: 11730: 11724: 11709: 11705: 11702: 11700: 11697: 11695: 11692: 11691: 11690: 11687: 11684: 11680: 11677: 11675: 11672: 11670: 11667: 11666: 11664: 11663: 11661: 11655: 11651: 11642: 11638: 11637:Aṣḥāb al-Ḥijr 11635: 11634: 11632: 11629: 11627: 11624: 11620: 11617: 11616: 11614: 11610: 11607: 11605: 11602: 11599: 11596: 11595: 11593: 11590: 11585: 11581: 11580: 11575: 11569: 11566: 11563: 11562: 11558: 11556: 11553: 11551: 11548: 11546: 11543: 11541: 11538: 11534: 11531: 11530: 11529: 11525: 11518: 11515: 11512: 11509: 11508: 11506: 11502: 11499: 11498: 11497: 11494: 11492: 11489: 11487: 11484: 11481: 11480: 11475: 11470: 11467: 11464: 11461: 11458: 11457: 11455: 11453: 11452:People of Nuh 11450: 11448: 11445: 11443: 11440: 11437: 11436: 11432: 11429: 11428: 11424: 11421: 11420: 11416: 11414: 11410: 11409: 11406: 11403: 11395: 11388: 11385: 11382: 11380: 11376: 11373: 11371: 11368: 11366: 11363: 11361: 11358: 11356: 11352: 11348: 11345: 11343: 11340: 11335: 11331: 11328: 11327: 11326: 11323: 11320: 11316: 11315:Aṣḥāb as-Sabt 11313: 11308: 11305: 11304: 11303: 11300: 11299: 11297: 11293: 11289: 11282: 11278: 11264: 11261: 11258: 11256: 11253: 11251: 11248: 11245: 11242: 11239: 11237: 11234: 11232: 11231:Bal'am/Balaam 11229: 11227: 11224: 11222: 11219: 11218: 11216: 11214:not specified 11210: 11203: 11200: 11198: 11195: 11193: 11190: 11187: 11184: 11181: 11178: 11176: 11173: 11170: 11166: 11163: 11160: 11156: 11153: 11152: 11150: 11146: 11136: 11133: 11131: 11128: 11126: 11123: 11121: 11118: 11116: 11113: 11109: 11106: 11103: 11099: 11095: 11092: 11089: 11088: 11086: 11085: 11083: 11077: 11071: 11068: 11063: 11059: 11055: 11052: 11049: 11046: 11042: 11039: 11038: 11036: 11033: 11029: 11025: 11024: 11022: 11016: 11009: 11006: 11002: 10999: 10997: 10994: 10992: 10989: 10988: 10986: 10982: 10979: 10977: 10976:Mary's mother 10974: 10971: 10967: 10966: 10964: 10960: 10957: 10955: 10952: 10949: 10948: 10946: 10943: 10938: 10936: 10935:Father Lamech 10933: 10932: 10930: 10928: 10925: 10921: 10918: 10916: 10913: 10912: 10910: 10909: 10907: 10903: 10899: 10892: 10888: 10873: 10870: 10867: 10863: 10860: 10857: 10854: 10853: 10851: 10847: 10836: 10832: 10828: 10825: 10822: 10818: 10815: 10813: 10810: 10808: 10805: 10804: 10802: 10798: 10791: 10787: 10784: 10781: 10777: 10774: 10771: 10767: 10764: 10760:(Son of Mary) 10759: 10756: 10753: 10749: 10746: 10745: 10743: 10739: 10736: 10732: 10728: 10726: 10723: 10722: 10721: 10718: 10717: 10715: 10707: 10706: 10701: 10694: 10690: 10687: 10685:son of Jacob) 10684: 10680: 10677: 10672: 10669: 10666: 10662: 10658: 10655: 10654: 10652: 10648: 10645: 10640: 10639: 10637: 10633: 10630: 10627: 10623: 10620: 10617: 10613: 10609: 10607:son of David) 10606: 10602: 10599: 10596: 10592: 10589: 10587: 10584: 10581: 10577: 10574: 10570: 10567: 10566: 10564: 10560: 10557: 10554: 10550: 10547: 10544: 10541: 10538: 10535: 10532: 10528: 10525: 10522: 10519: 10516: 10513: 10510: 10507: 10504: 10500: 10497: 10494: 10490: 10487: 10484: 10480: 10477: 10474: 10470: 10467: 10466: 10464: 10460: 10456: 10452: 10447: 10443: 10429: 10428: 10424: 10422: 10418: 10417: 10413: 10412: 10410: 10406: 10399: 10398: 10394: 10391: 10388:(the (chief) 10387: 10386: 10382: 10379: 10378: 10376: 10373: 10369: 10368: 10363: 10357: 10356: 10352: 10349: 10348: 10344: 10342: 10341: 10337: 10335: 10334: 10330: 10329: 10327: 10324: 10323: 10318: 10307: 10304: 10301: 10300: 10296: 10293: 10289: 10285: 10278: 10274: 10271: 10268: 10265: 10264: 10262: 10261: 10257: 10256: 10254: 10251: 10250: 10248: 10246: 10245: 10240: 10234: 10231: 10227: 10224: 10222: 10219: 10218: 10216: 10213: 10211: 10208: 10206: 10203: 10199: 10198: 10194: 10192: 10189: 10188: 10186: 10185: 10183: 10180: 10176: 10175: 10170: 10159: 10155: 10154: 10150: 10147: 10143: 10142: 10138: 10135: 10131: 10128: 10125: 10121: 10120:Dābbat al-Arḍ 10118: 10115: 10111: 10108: 10107: 10105: 10101: 10094: 10093: 10088: 10085: 10084: 10079: 10076: 10075: 10070: 10068: 10065:(dog) of the 10064: 10060: 10057: 10053: 10052: 10047: 10044: 10040: 10037: 10034: 10030: 10029: 10024: 10021: 10020: 10015: 10012: 10011: 10006: 10005: 10003: 9999: 9996: 9992: 9988: 9979: 9975: 9971: 9968: 9967: 9965: 9961: 9958: 9957: 9954: 9947: 9943: 9939: 9934: 9930: 9926: 9918: 9913: 9911: 9906: 9904: 9899: 9898: 9895: 9883: 9880: 9878: 9875: 9873: 9870: 9868: 9865: 9863: 9860: 9858: 9855: 9853: 9850: 9848: 9845: 9843: 9840: 9838: 9835: 9833: 9830: 9829: 9827: 9825: 9821: 9815: 9812: 9810: 9807: 9805: 9802: 9800: 9797: 9795: 9792: 9790: 9787: 9785: 9782: 9780: 9777: 9775: 9772: 9770: 9767: 9766: 9764: 9762: 9758: 9752: 9749: 9747: 9744: 9742: 9739: 9737: 9734: 9732: 9729: 9727: 9724: 9722: 9719: 9717: 9714: 9712: 9709: 9707: 9704: 9703: 9701: 9699: 9695: 9689: 9686: 9684: 9681: 9679: 9676: 9674: 9671: 9669: 9666: 9664: 9661: 9659: 9656: 9654: 9651: 9649: 9646: 9644: 9641: 9639: 9636: 9635: 9633: 9631: 9627: 9622: 9612: 9609: 9607: 9604: 9602: 9599: 9597: 9594: 9592: 9589: 9587: 9584: 9582: 9579: 9577: 9574: 9572: 9569: 9567: 9564: 9562: 9559: 9557: 9554: 9553: 9551: 9549: 9545: 9541: 9534: 9529: 9527: 9522: 9520: 9515: 9514: 9511: 9499: 9498: 9487: 9485: 9484: 9475: 9474: 9473: 9469: 9464: 9454: 9451: 9449: 9446: 9444: 9441: 9440: 9438: 9434: 9431: 9429: 9426: 9424: 9423:Protestantism 9421: 9419: 9416: 9414: 9411: 9409: 9406: 9405: 9404: 9401: 9400: 9399: 9396: 9394: 9393: 9389: 9387: 9386: 9382: 9380: 9377: 9375: 9374: 9370: 9368: 9365: 9363: 9360: 9358: 9357: 9353: 9351: 9348: 9346: 9343: 9341: 9340: 9336: 9334: 9331: 9327: 9324: 9322: 9319: 9317: 9314: 9312: 9309: 9307: 9304: 9303: 9302: 9299: 9298: 9296: 9294: 9290: 9284: 9281: 9277: 9274: 9272: 9269: 9268: 9267: 9264: 9262: 9259: 9257: 9254: 9252: 9249: 9247: 9244: 9240: 9237: 9236: 9235: 9232: 9228: 9225: 9223: 9220: 9219: 9218: 9215: 9213: 9210: 9206: 9203: 9202: 9201: 9198: 9194: 9191: 9190: 9189: 9186: 9184: 9181: 9177: 9174: 9172: 9169: 9168: 9167: 9164: 9163: 9161: 9159: 9155: 9149: 9146: 9144: 9141: 9139: 9136: 9132: 9129: 9127: 9124: 9122: 9119: 9117: 9114: 9112: 9111:Sefer HaBahir 9109: 9107: 9104: 9102: 9099: 9098: 9097: 9094: 9090: 9087: 9085: 9082: 9080: 9077: 9075: 9072: 9071: 9070: 9067: 9063: 9060: 9058: 9055: 9053: 9050: 9049: 9048: 9044: 9041: 9039: 9038:Sifrei Kodesh 9036: 9035: 9033: 9031: 9027: 9021: 9018: 9016: 9013: 9011: 9008: 9006: 9003: 9001: 8998: 8996: 8993: 8991: 8988: 8984: 8981: 8979: 8976: 8972: 8969: 8968: 8967: 8964: 8962: 8959: 8957: 8954: 8952: 8949: 8947: 8944: 8940: 8937: 8933: 8930: 8928: 8925: 8924: 8923: 8920: 8919: 8918: 8915: 8914: 8913: 8910: 8909: 8907: 8905: 8901: 8895: 8894:Who is a Jew? 8892: 8890: 8887: 8883: 8880: 8879: 8878: 8875: 8873: 8870: 8868: 8865: 8861: 8858: 8857: 8856: 8853: 8851: 8848: 8846: 8843: 8839: 8836: 8835: 8834: 8831: 8829: 8826: 8824: 8823:Chosen people 8821: 8819: 8816: 8812: 8809: 8808: 8807: 8804: 8803: 8801: 8799: 8795: 8789: 8786: 8780: 8779:Scots-Yiddish 8777: 8773: 8772: 8768: 8766: 8763: 8762: 8761: 8758: 8754: 8753: 8752:Klezmer-loshn 8749: 8747: 8744: 8742: 8739: 8737: 8734: 8733: 8732: 8729: 8728: 8727: 8724: 8723: 8722: 8719: 8717: 8714: 8712: 8709: 8707: 8704: 8702: 8699: 8697: 8694: 8690: 8687: 8685: 8682: 8681: 8680: 8677: 8675: 8672: 8670: 8667: 8665: 8662: 8660: 8657: 8655: 8652: 8650: 8647: 8645: 8642: 8640: 8637: 8635: 8632: 8628: 8625: 8623: 8622:Judeo-Shirazi 8620: 8618: 8615: 8613: 8610: 8608: 8605: 8603: 8600: 8599: 8598: 8597:Judeo-Persian 8595: 8593: 8590: 8588: 8587:Judeo-Marathi 8585: 8583: 8580: 8578: 8575: 8571: 8568: 8567: 8566: 8565:Judeo-Italian 8563: 8561: 8558: 8556: 8553: 8549: 8546: 8544: 8541: 8539: 8536: 8535: 8534: 8531: 8529: 8526: 8520: 8517: 8516: 8515: 8512: 8510: 8507: 8505: 8502: 8500: 8497: 8495: 8492: 8490: 8487: 8485: 8482: 8480: 8477: 8475: 8472: 8470: 8467: 8466: 8465: 8462: 8458: 8455: 8453: 8450: 8448: 8445: 8443: 8440: 8436: 8433: 8432: 8431: 8428: 8427: 8426: 8423: 8421: 8420:Judeo-Amazigh 8418: 8416: 8413: 8409: 8406: 8404: 8401: 8399: 8396: 8394: 8391: 8389: 8386: 8384: 8381: 8379: 8376: 8374: 8371: 8369: 8366: 8364: 8361: 8359: 8356: 8354: 8351: 8349: 8346: 8345: 8344: 8341: 8340: 8338: 8335: 8330: 8326: 8312: 8309: 8308: 8307: 8304: 8300: 8297: 8296: 8295: 8292: 8290: 8287: 8285: 8282: 8280: 8277: 8276: 8275: 8272: 8270: 8267: 8263: 8260: 8259: 8258: 8255: 8249: 8246: 8244: 8243:Hadhrami Jews 8241: 8239: 8236: 8234: 8231: 8230: 8229: 8226: 8224: 8221: 8219: 8216: 8214: 8211: 8209: 8208:Mountain Jews 8206: 8204: 8203:Egyptian Jews 8201: 8199: 8198:Bukharan Jews 8196: 8194: 8191: 8189: 8186: 8184: 8181: 8180: 8179: 8176: 8172: 8169: 8168: 8167: 8164: 8162: 8159: 8157: 8154: 8152: 8149: 8145: 8142: 8140: 8137: 8136: 8135: 8132: 8130: 8127: 8123: 8120: 8119: 8118: 8115: 8113: 8110: 8108: 8105: 8101: 8098: 8096: 8093: 8092: 8091: 8088: 8084: 8081: 8079: 8076: 8075: 8074: 8071: 8067: 8064: 8062: 8059: 8057: 8054: 8052: 8049: 8047: 8044: 8042: 8039: 8037: 8034: 8032: 8029: 8028: 8027: 8024: 8023: 8021: 8019: 8015: 8009: 8006: 8004: 8001: 7997: 7994: 7993: 7992: 7989: 7987: 7986:Lists of Jews 7984: 7982: 7979: 7977: 7974: 7972: 7969: 7967: 7964: 7962: 7959: 7957: 7954: 7953: 7951: 7949: 7945: 7939: 7936: 7934: 7931: 7929: 7926: 7924: 7921: 7919: 7916: 7914: 7911: 7909: 7906: 7904: 7901: 7899: 7896: 7895: 7893: 7891: 7887: 7881: 7878: 7876: 7873: 7872: 7869: 7865: 7861: 7854: 7849: 7847: 7842: 7840: 7835: 7834: 7831: 7823: 7822: 7816: 7811: 7807: 7805: 7802: 7800: 7797: 7795: 7792: 7791: 7782: 7781:9780060665180 7778: 7774: 7773:HarperCollins 7770: 7766: 7763: 7761: 7757: 7754: 7750: 7747: 7743: 7740: 7736: 7733: 7729: 7726: 7722: 7719: 7715: 7712: 7708: 7697: 7693: 7688: 7687: 7675: 7669: 7666:. NYU Press. 7665: 7664: 7658: 7654: 7652:9781606202050 7648: 7644: 7643: 7637: 7633: 7631:9780814658970 7627: 7623: 7622: 7616: 7612: 7610:9780567080882 7606: 7602: 7601: 7595: 7591: 7589:9780664256524 7585: 7581: 7580: 7574: 7570: 7564: 7560: 7559: 7553: 7549: 7547:9781441207197 7543: 7539: 7538: 7532: 7528: 7523: 7519: 7513: 7509: 7505: 7500: 7496: 7494:9781575061221 7490: 7486: 7485: 7479: 7475: 7473:9781462732623 7469: 7465: 7464: 7458: 7454: 7448: 7445:. SBL Press. 7444: 7440: 7438: 7431: 7427: 7422: 7418: 7413: 7403:on 2020-10-21 7399: 7395: 7394: 7386: 7381: 7377: 7375:9780802837110 7371: 7367: 7363: 7362:"Deuteronomy" 7358: 7354: 7348: 7344: 7343: 7337: 7333: 7331:9780521097727 7327: 7323: 7322: 7316: 7312: 7306: 7302: 7298: 7293: 7289: 7287:9780664237363 7283: 7279: 7278: 7272: 7268: 7263: 7252: 7246: 7242: 7238: 7233: 7229: 7224: 7220: 7218:9780521002912 7214: 7210: 7209: 7204: 7203:Meyers, Carol 7200: 7196: 7194:9780881461015 7190: 7186: 7185: 7179: 7169: 7163: 7159: 7158: 7152: 7148: 7142: 7138: 7137: 7131: 7127: 7125:9780691113944 7121: 7116: 7115: 7108: 7104: 7102:9783832541514 7098: 7094: 7089: 7085: 7083:9780802846365 7079: 7075: 7074: 7068: 7064: 7062:9780802837110 7058: 7054: 7050: 7045: 7034: 7028: 7024: 7023: 7017: 7013: 7007: 7003: 7002: 6996: 6992: 6986: 6982: 6981: 6975: 6971: 6969:9780567084187 6965: 6961: 6960: 6954: 6950: 6944: 6940: 6939: 6933: 6929: 6923: 6919: 6918: 6912: 6908: 6903: 6899: 6897:9781589830158 6893: 6889: 6884: 6880: 6878:9780743223386 6874: 6870: 6869: 6864: 6860: 6856: 6852: 6850:9780567465672 6846: 6842: 6838: 6833: 6829: 6827:9780198755005 6823: 6818: 6817: 6811: 6806: 6802: 6800:9780567431967 6796: 6792: 6791: 6785: 6781: 6776: 6772: 6766: 6762: 6758: 6753: 6749: 6747:9780664220716 6743: 6739: 6738: 6732: 6728: 6726:9781451413670 6722: 6718: 6717: 6711: 6707: 6705:9780802826794 6701: 6697: 6696: 6690: 6686: 6680: 6676: 6672: 6667: 6663: 6659: 6655: 6651: 6645: 6640: 6639: 6632: 6628: 6622: 6618: 6617: 6611: 6607: 6601: 6597: 6596: 6590: 6586: 6584:9780495391050 6580: 6577:. Wadsworth. 6576: 6575: 6569: 6565: 6563:9780300152647 6559: 6555: 6554: 6548: 6544: 6542:9780802825230 6538: 6534: 6533: 6527: 6523: 6517: 6513: 6508: 6504: 6502:9780300254907 6498: 6494: 6493: 6487: 6486: 6473: 6468: 6466: 6458: 6454: 6451: 6446: 6435: 6428: 6421: 6417: 6412: 6405: 6404:Targum Tafsir 6401: 6397: 6396:Robinson 2008 6392: 6384: 6378: 6374: 6373: 6368: 6367:Skolnik, Fred 6364: 6357: 6349: 6343: 6339: 6338: 6333: 6332:Skolnik, Fred 6329: 6322: 6314: 6308: 6304: 6303: 6298: 6297:Skolnik, Fred 6294: 6287: 6280: 6275: 6267: 6261: 6257: 6256: 6251: 6250:Skolnik, Fred 6247: 6241: 6233: 6227: 6223: 6222: 6217: 6216:Skolnik, Fred 6213: 6207: 6200: 6195: 6188: 6184: 6181: 6176: 6161: 6155: 6148: 6142: 6134: 6130: 6124: 6116: 6112: 6108: 6101: 6093: 6089: 6085: 6081: 6074: 6068: 6063: 6056: 6052: 6047: 6040: 6036: 6032: 6028: 6022: 6015: 6011: 6006: 5992: 5988: 5981: 5973: 5967: 5959: 5955: 5951: 5947: 5943: 5939: 5932: 5925: 5920: 5913: 5908: 5901: 5896: 5889: 5884: 5877: 5872: 5865: 5860: 5853: 5848: 5842:, p. 86. 5841: 5840:Eskenazi 2009 5836: 5829: 5824: 5817: 5812: 5805: 5800: 5793: 5788: 5781: 5776: 5769: 5764: 5756: 5750: 5746: 5742: 5735: 5721: 5719:9783110223576 5715: 5711: 5707: 5700: 5693: 5689: 5684: 5677: 5672: 5665: 5660: 5658: 5650: 5645: 5639:, p. 77. 5638: 5633: 5626: 5621: 5614: 5613:Thompson 2000 5609: 5602: 5597: 5588: 5581: 5576: 5569: 5564: 5557: 5556: 5555:Vol. IV: Ezra 5553: 5546: 5537: 5528: 5519: 5512: 5507: 5501: 5500:Mark 12:28–34 5496: 5490: 5485: 5479:, p. 18. 5478: 5473: 5466: 5465:Rogerson 2003 5461: 5454: 5453:Phillips 1973 5449: 5442: 5437: 5430: 5425: 5418: 5413: 5407:, p. xv. 5406: 5401: 5395:, p. 68. 5394: 5389: 5383:, p. 72. 5382: 5377: 5370: 5369:Bandstra 2004 5365: 5359:, p. 78. 5358: 5357:Bandstra 2008 5353: 5347:, p. 35. 5346: 5345:Bandstra 2008 5341: 5334: 5329: 5322: 5321:Hamilton 1990 5317: 5309: 5305: 5298: 5291: 5287: 5282: 5274: 5268: 5264: 5263: 5258: 5257:Skolnik, Fred 5254: 5247: 5238: 5229: 5220: 5211: 5202: 5193: 5185: 5179: 5172: 5171:Scherman 2001 5167: 5160: 5155: 5147: 5141: 5137: 5136: 5131: 5130:Skolnik, Fred 5127: 5123: 5119: 5113: 5107: 5101: 5095:, p. 98. 5094: 5089: 5087: 5085: 5074: 5067: 5063: 5059: 5055: 5048: 5042:, p. 23. 5041: 5036: 5030:, p. 21. 5029: 5024: 5022: 5020: 5018: 5010: 5005: 4996: 4989: 4988:Birnbaum 1979 4984: 4982: 4980: 4965: 4961: 4955: 4951: 4940: 4937: 4935: 4932: 4930: 4927: 4925: 4924:Torah Judaism 4922: 4920: 4917: 4915: 4912: 4910: 4907: 4905: 4902: 4900: 4897: 4895: 4892: 4890: 4887: 4885: 4882: 4880: 4877: 4875: 4872: 4870: 4867: 4866: 4859: 4857: 4852: 4847: 4839: 4834: 4828: 4826: 4822: 4821: 4816: 4812: 4808: 4804: 4796: 4792: 4788: 4783: 4779: 4769: 4767: 4763: 4762:Old Testament 4759: 4753: 4749: 4739: 4737: 4733: 4729: 4724: 4713: 4705: 4704:Mount Gerizim 4701: 4697: 4683: 4681: 4677: 4667: 4665: 4661: 4645: 4643: 4642:Targum Tafsir 4638: 4636: 4632: 4628: 4618: 4616: 4612: 4608: 4598: 4596: 4592: 4588: 4583: 4581: 4577: 4571: 4560: 4556: 4552: 4543: 4541: 4540: 4535: 4531: 4527: 4523: 4517: 4504: 4500: 4499: 4493: 4484: 4482: 4478: 4474: 4473:aron hakodesh 4469:אֲרוֹן הקֹדשׁ 4465: 4461: 4457: 4453: 4448: 4446: 4442: 4438: 4437:Yemenite Jews 4434: 4433: 4428: 4424: 4420: 4417:) by using a 4416: 4412: 4411: 4406: 4405: 4400: 4396: 4391: 4389: 4385: 4384: 4379: 4375: 4371: 4366: 4357: 4347: 4344: 4336: 4326: 4322: 4318: 4312: 4311: 4307: 4302:This section 4300: 4296: 4291: 4290: 4282: 4280: 4276: 4275:direct object 4272: 4269: 4259: 4254: 135 CE 4244: 4228: 4227: 4222: 4212: 4206: 4198: 4197: 4192: 4191: 4185: 4175: 4172: 4164: 4154: 4150: 4146: 4140: 4139: 4135: 4130:This section 4128: 4124: 4119: 4118: 4110: 4107: 4102: 4100: 4096: 4092: 4088: 4087: 4080: 4078: 4074: 4070: 4069: 4058: 4054: 4053:Judah ha-Nasi 4050: 4044: 4036: 4033: 4030: 4026: 4022: 4019: 4016: 4013: 4012: 4011: 4006: 3995: 3992: 3984: 3973: 3970: 3966: 3963: 3959: 3956: 3952: 3949: 3945: 3942: – 3941: 3937: 3936:Find sources: 3930: 3926: 3920: 3919: 3914:This section 3912: 3908: 3903: 3902: 3894: 3892: 3888: 3879: 3875: 3871: 3865: 3861: 3851: 3848: 3839: 3835: 3830: 3826: 3824: 3823:Simchat Torah 3819: 3817: 3813: 3809: 3805: 3801: 3797: 3792: 3787: 3783: 3782:Mishneh Torah 3779: 3775: 3774: 3769: 3763: 3761: 3757: 3753: 3749: 3738: 3734: 3729: 3727: 3723: 3719: 3715: 3711: 3707: 3697: 3691: 3690:Torah reading 3683: 3679: 3675: 3665: 3662: 3654: 3643: 3640: 3636: 3633: 3629: 3626: 3622: 3619: 3615: 3612: – 3611: 3607: 3606:Find sources: 3600: 3596: 3590: 3589: 3584:This section 3582: 3578: 3573: 3572: 3564: 3562: 3558: 3553: 3551: 3547: 3530: 3525: 3523: 3518: 3516: 3511: 3510: 3508: 3507: 3502: 3492: 3491: 3490: 3489: 3482: 3479: 3477: 3474: 3472: 3469: 3467: 3464: 3462: 3459: 3457: 3454: 3452: 3449: 3447: 3444: 3442: 3439: 3437: 3434: 3433: 3425: 3424: 3417: 3414: 3412: 3409: 3407: 3404: 3402: 3399: 3398: 3395: 3392: 3390: 3387: 3385: 3382: 3380: 3377: 3376: 3372: 3366: 3365: 3358: 3355: 3353: 3350: 3348: 3345: 3343: 3340: 3338: 3335: 3333: 3330: 3328: 3327:Rosh Hashanah 3325: 3324: 3320: 3314: 3313: 3306: 3303: 3301: 3298: 3296: 3293: 3291: 3288: 3286: 3283: 3281: 3278: 3276: 3273: 3271: 3268: 3266: 3263: 3261: 3258: 3256: 3253: 3251: 3248: 3247: 3243: 3237: 3236: 3229: 3226: 3224: 3221: 3220: 3215: 3214: 3210: 3208: 3207: 3203: 3201: 3200: 3196: 3194: 3193: 3189: 3188: 3186: 3183: 3181: 3178: 3176: 3173: 3171: 3168: 3166: 3163: 3161: 3158: 3156: 3153: 3151: 3148: 3146: 3143: 3142: 3134: 3133: 3126: 3123: 3121: 3118: 3116: 3113: 3112: 3108: 3105: 3103: 3100: 3098: 3095: 3093: 3090: 3088: 3085: 3083: 3080: 3079: 3075: 3071: 3065: 3064: 3057: 3054: 3052: 3049: 3047: 3044: 3042: 3039: 3037: 3034: 3032: 3029: 3027: 3024: 3022: 3019: 3018: 3014: 3008: 3007: 3000: 2997: 2995: 2992: 2990: 2987: 2986: 2981: 2978: 2976: 2973: 2971: 2968: 2967: 2965: 2961: 2960: 2956: 2955: 2952: 2949: 2947: 2944: 2942: 2939: 2937: 2934: 2933: 2930: 2927: 2925: 2922: 2920: 2917: 2915: 2912: 2911: 2908: 2905: 2903: 2900: 2898: 2895: 2894: 2890: 2884: 2883: 2876: 2873: 2871: 2868: 2866: 2863: 2861: 2858: 2856: 2853: 2851: 2848: 2846: 2843: 2842: 2838: 2835: 2833: 2830: 2828: 2825: 2823: 2820: 2819: 2815: 2811: 2805: 2804: 2797: 2794: 2792: 2789: 2787: 2784: 2782: 2779: 2777: 2774: 2772: 2769: 2767: 2764: 2762: 2759: 2757: 2754: 2752: 2751:Mishneh Torah 2749: 2748: 2744: 2738: 2737: 2728: 2725: 2723: 2720: 2718: 2715: 2713: 2710: 2709: 2707: 2704: 2703: 2700: 2697: 2695: 2692: 2690: 2687: 2685: 2682: 2681: 2676: 2673: 2671: 2668: 2666: 2663: 2662: 2660: 2657: 2656: 2652: 2646: 2645: 2638: 2635: 2631: 2628: 2627: 2626: 2623: 2621: 2618: 2616: 2613: 2611: 2608: 2606: 2603: 2601: 2598: 2597: 2593: 2587: 2586: 2579: 2576: 2574: 2571: 2569: 2566: 2564: 2561: 2559: 2556: 2555: 2552: 2549: 2545: 2542: 2541: 2540: 2537: 2536: 2531: 2528: 2524: 2521: 2520: 2519: 2516: 2515: 2513: 2510: 2509: 2505: 2499: 2498: 2494: 2488: 2482: 2478: 2477: 2474: 2471: 2470: 2466: 2462: 2461: 2455: 2451: 2447: 2442: 2433: 2431: 2427: 2426:Persian Yehud 2423: 2419: 2413: 2407: 2403: 2399: 2395: 2391: 2390: 2383: 2375: 2371: 2366: 2357: 2355: 2351: 2347: 2343: 2339: 2334: 2332: 2328: 2318: 2315: 2310: 2308: 2304: 2300: 2296: 2287: 2282: 2278: 2276: 2275:Deuteronomist 2273:, and D, the 2272: 2268: 2264: 2260: 2250: 2246: 2244: 2240: 2236: 2232: 2228: 2224: 2220: 2217:According to 2215: 2212: 2208: 2204: 2198: 2194: 2184: 2182: 2178: 2170: 2163: 2159: 2158:Shema Yisrael 2154: 2152: 2151:Deuteronomist 2148: 2144: 2140: 2136: 2132: 2128: 2123: 2121: 2117: 2113: 2109: 2108:Song of Moses 2105: 2101: 2097: 2093: 2087: 2077: 2075: 2071: 2067: 2062: 2060: 2056: 2052: 2048: 2044: 2040: 2036: 2031: 2029: 2025: 2021: 2015: 2007: 2002: 1993: 1991: 1990:Holiness Code 1987: 1983: 1979: 1975: 1969: 1959: 1957: 1953: 1949: 1945: 1940: 1938: 1934: 1930: 1926: 1922: 1921:Promised Land 1918: 1914: 1910: 1906: 1902: 1898: 1892: 1882: 1880: 1876: 1872: 1868: 1864: 1860: 1856: 1852: 1848: 1844: 1839: 1835: 1831: 1825: 1811: 1810:Deuteronómion 1804:Δευτερονόμιον 1800: 1790: 1787: 1783: 1772: 1762: 1759: 1755: 1744: 1734: 1731: 1727: 1716: 1706: 1703: 1701:, "Creation") 1699: 1688: 1678: 1675: 1674: 1673: 1671: 1668: 1664: 1659: 1657: 1653: 1649: 1645: 1641: 1640:Promised Land 1637: 1633: 1629: 1625: 1622: 1614: 1609: 1600: 1598: 1594: 1590: 1586: 1582: 1574: 1570: 1565: 1563: 1559: 1554: 1543: 1539: 1538: 1528: 1486: 1476: 1474: 1470: 1466: 1462: 1457: 1455: 1445: 1441: 1437: 1433: 1429: 1425: 1420: 1418: 1414: 1410: 1406: 1402: 1398: 1394: 1390: 1387: 1386: 1375: 1365: 1363: 1359: 1355: 1351: 1347: 1339: 1335: 1334: 1329: 1325: 1324:Old Testament 1321: 1317: 1313: 1309: 1304: 1303:Torah portion 1300: 1297:by a scribe ( 1296: 1291: 1289: 1285: 1281: 1277: 1273: 1269: 1265: 1261: 1257: 1253: 1249: 1233: 1229: 1224: 1221: 1220: 1214: 1210: 1209: 1204: 1200: 1199: 1191: 1186: 1175: 1174:Written Torah 1171: 1167: 1161: 1125: 1121: 1117: 1113: 1109: 1105: 1101: 1097: 1092: 1084: 1078: 1057: 1045: 1040: 1038: 1033: 1031: 1026: 1025: 1023: 1022: 1019: 1016: 1015: 1000: 999:Broader canon 997: 995: 992: 990: 987: 985: 982: 980: 977: 975: 972: 971: 970: 969: 966: 963: 962: 957: 954: 952: 949: 947: 944: 942: 939: 937: 934: 932: 929: 927: 924: 923: 922: 921: 918:Orthodox only 917: 916: 911: 908: 906: 902: 899: 897: 894: 892: 889: 887: 884: 882: 879: 877: 874: 872: 869: 867: 864: 863: 862: 861: 855: 849: 848: 837: 834: 832: 829: 827: 824: 822: 819: 817: 814: 812: 809: 807: 804: 802: 799: 797: 794: 792: 789: 787: 784: 782: 779: 778: 777: 776: 773: 770: 769: 764: 761: 759: 756: 754: 751: 749: 746: 744: 741: 740: 739: 738: 735: 732: 731: 725: 719: 718: 710: 709:Song of Songs 707: 705: 702: 700: 697: 695: 692: 690: 687: 686: 681: 675: 674: 666: 663: 661: 658: 656: 653: 651: 648: 646: 643: 641: 638: 636: 633: 631: 628: 626: 623: 622: 617: 611: 610: 602: 599: 597: 594: 592: 589: 587: 584: 582: 579: 578: 573: 567: 566: 563: 562: 556: 555:Old Testament 553: 552: 534: 532: 528: 524: 522: 521:Ezra–Nehemiah 518: 514: 512: 508: 505: 504: 500: 499: 491: 489: 485: 481: 479: 475: 471: 469: 465: 461: 459: 455: 452:Shir Hashirim 451: 449: 448:Song of Songs 445: 442: 441: 438: 434: 429: 428: 420: 418: 414: 410: 408: 404: 400: 398: 394: 391: 390: 386: 385: 380: 374: 367: 366: 354: 351: 349: 346: 344: 341: 339: 336: 334: 331: 329: 326: 324: 321: 319: 316: 314: 311: 309: 306: 304: 301: 299: 296: 295: 293: 292: 289: 286: 285: 277: 275: 271: 267: 265: 261: 257: 255: 251: 248: 247: 244: 241: 240: 232: 230: 226: 222: 220: 216: 212: 210: 206: 202: 200: 196: 193: 192: 189: 186: 185: 180: 174: 167: 166: 156: 154: 150: 146: 144: 140: 136: 134: 130: 126: 124: 120: 116: 114: 110: 105: 103:(Instruction) 99: 92: 91: 88: 87: 81: 78: 77: 73: 69: 68: 62: 57: 51: 44: 37: 33: 19: 18:Written Torah 13893: 13885: 13871: 13857: 13821:Roman Missal 13812: 13781:Early modern 13740:(Sanamahism) 13685:(Gnosticism) 13674: 13653:Deuterocanon 13620: 13616:Tao Te Ching 13614: 13528: 13512: 13504: 13498: 13492: 13457: 13447: 13435: 13425: 13399:In Paradise 13389: 13379: 13369: 13359: 13353: 13343: 13327: 13324:(Plant stem) 13321: 13315: 13309: 13303: 13298:Plant matter 13285: 13279: 13271: 13265: 13259: 13253: 13162: 13133: 13129: 13097: 13061:Umm al-Kitāb 13059: 13046: 13033:Ṣuḥuf-i-Mūsā 13031: 13025: 13018: 13010: 13001: 12988: 12945: 12941:Ghadir Khumm 12925:('The Dawn') 12919: 12913: 12900: 12894: 12885: 12876: 12870: 12867:('The Noon') 12861: 12850: 12844: 12836: 12830: 12824: 12818: 12810: 12804: 12798: 12792: 12786: 12776: 12755: 12746: 12696:Days of Hajj 12684: 12681:(The Friday) 12675: 12627: 12585: 12572: 12540:Paradise of 12527:Jordan River 12522:Dār an-Nadwa 12521: 12503: 12465: 12460:Cave of Hira 12452: 12447: 12437: 12384:Masjid Qubāʾ 12383: 12365: 12355: 12347: 12333: 12321: 12313: 12287:Qaryat Yūnus 12286: 12276: 12266: 12226: 12216: 12202: 12193:Sinai Region 12175:Dam of Sheba 12170: 12158: 12143: 12133: 12124: 12109: 12091: 12069: 12057: 12049: 12019: 12014: 12004: 11987: 11974: 11961: 11879: 11857: 11848:Ahl al-Kitāb 11847: 11825: 11821:Zoroastrians 11817: 11812:disbelievers 11805: 11798: 11756:Banu Qurayza 11751:Banu Qaynuqa 11740:Ahl as-Suffa 11739: 11653: 11636: 11608: 11577: 11560: 11545:Sons of Adam 11500: 11476: 11468: 11459: 11433: 11427:Banī Isrāʾīl 11425: 11418: 11383: 11346: 11329: 11314: 11301: 11246:Luqman's son 11093: 11057: 11050: 11040: 10944:Luqman's son 10915:Martyred son 10807:Dhūl-Qarnain 10757: 10747: 10711:Perseverance 10703: 10681:ibn Ya‘qūb ( 10671:Ṣāḥib al-Ḥūt 10670: 10659:('He of the 10656: 10569:Dhabih Ullah 10425: 10420: 10414: 10395: 10383: 10365: 10353: 10345: 10338: 10331: 10320: 10299:Malakul-Mawt 10297: 10272: 10266: 10258: 10243: 10214: 10195: 10172: 10151: 10139: 10129: 10119: 10109: 10090: 10081: 10072: 10062: 10058:) of Solomon 10049: 10038: 10026: 10017: 10008: 9977: 9779:Behaalotecha 9576:Chayei Sarah 9488: 9481: 9467: 9390: 9383: 9371: 9354: 9337: 9171:perspectives 9051: 9005:Samaritanism 8966:Neo-Hasidism 8946:Conservative 8860:Names of God 8769: 8750: 8560:Judaeo-Greek 8555:Judeo-Gascon 8494:Lishán Didán 8489:Lishana Deni 8457:Judeo-Yemeni 8425:Judeo-Arabic 8299:Meshuchrarim 8218:Persian Jews 8151:Kurdish Jews 8129:Kaifeng Jews 8078:Beta Abraham 8041:Galitzianers 7996:Antisemitism 7971:Israeli Jews 7956:Assimilation 7819: 7768: 7759: 7752: 7745: 7738: 7731: 7724: 7717: 7710: 7699:. Retrieved 7696:thetorah.com 7695: 7662: 7641: 7620: 7599: 7578: 7557: 7536: 7526: 7507: 7483: 7462: 7442: 7436: 7425: 7416: 7405:. Retrieved 7398:the original 7391: 7368:. Eerdmans. 7365: 7341: 7320: 7300: 7276: 7266: 7256:18 September 7254:. Retrieved 7240: 7227: 7207: 7183: 7171:. Retrieved 7156: 7135: 7113: 7092: 7076:. Eerdmans. 7072: 7055:. Eerdmans. 7052: 7036:. Retrieved 7021: 7004:. Eerdmans. 7000: 6979: 6958: 6937: 6916: 6906: 6887: 6867: 6840: 6815: 6789: 6779: 6760: 6736: 6715: 6698:. Eerdmans. 6694: 6675:Anchor Bible 6670: 6664:. Wadsworth. 6661: 6637: 6615: 6594: 6573: 6552: 6535:. Eerdmans. 6531: 6511: 6491: 6482:Bibliography 6445: 6427: 6411: 6403: 6391: 6370: 6356: 6335: 6321: 6300: 6286: 6274: 6253: 6240: 6219: 6206: 6199:Chilton 1987 6194: 6175: 6164:. Retrieved 6162:. Oradam.org 6154: 6141: 6132: 6123: 6115:the original 6110: 6100: 6092:the original 6087: 6083: 6073: 6062: 6046: 6039:Aryeh Kaplan 6034: 6031:Shalom Carmy 6026: 6021: 6005: 5994:. Retrieved 5990: 5980: 5966:cite journal 5941: 5937: 5931: 5919: 5907: 5895: 5883: 5876:Gmirkin 2006 5871: 5859: 5847: 5835: 5823: 5811: 5799: 5794:, p. 6. 5787: 5775: 5763: 5744: 5734: 5723:. Retrieved 5709: 5699: 5691: 5683: 5671: 5644: 5632: 5620: 5615:, p. 8. 5608: 5596: 5587: 5575: 5563: 5550: 5545: 5536: 5527: 5518: 5506: 5495: 5484: 5472: 5460: 5448: 5436: 5431:, p. 9. 5424: 5419:, p. 1. 5412: 5400: 5388: 5376: 5364: 5352: 5340: 5333:Bergant 2013 5328: 5323:, p. 1. 5316: 5307: 5297: 5290:pentateuchos 5289: 5281: 5260: 5246: 5237: 5232:Nehemiah 8:3 5228: 5219: 5210: 5201: 5192: 5178: 5166: 5154: 5133: 5112: 5100: 5073: 5047: 5035: 5011:, p. 1. 5004: 4995: 4967:. Retrieved 4963: 4954: 4904:Ketef Hinnom 4879:Hebrew Bible 4829: 4818: 4785: 4755: 4742:Christianity 4736:Samaritanism 4715: 4691:Samaritanism 4673: 4656: 4641: 4639: 4631:Judeo-Arabic 4624: 4607:Vetus Latina 4604: 4584: 4573: 4558: 4554: 4545: 4537: 4533: 4529: 4522:Book of Ezra 4519: 4496: 4480: 4476: 4475:in Hebrew.) 4472: 4458:part of the 4449: 4430: 4426: 4408: 4402: 4399:Sifrei Torah 4398: 4394: 4392: 4381: 4368: 4339: 4333:January 2024 4330: 4315:Please help 4303: 4270: 4257: 4224: 4210: 4208: 4194: 4188: 4167: 4161:January 2024 4158: 4143:Please help 4131: 4105: 4103: 4084: 4081: 4066: 4045: 4041: 4028: 4024: 4008: 3987: 3981:January 2024 3978: 3968: 3961: 3954: 3947: 3935: 3923:Please help 3918:verification 3915: 3891:Sinaitic Law 3877: 3874:Law of Moses 3870:biblical law 3867: 3860:Biblical law 3854:Biblical law 3843: 3820: 3807: 3800:Conservative 3796:Aleppo Codex 3785: 3777: 3771: 3764: 3730: 3722:cantillation 3714:Torah scroll 3705: 3693: 3677: 3657: 3651:January 2024 3648: 3638: 3631: 3624: 3617: 3605: 3593:Please help 3588:verification 3585: 3554: 3543: 3461:Anti-Judaism 3456:Antisemitism 3401:Samaritanism 3379:Christianity 3280:Shehecheyanu 3211: 3204: 3197: 3190: 3185:Four species 3092:Pidyon haben 3046:Rosh yeshiva 2957: 2850:Beth midrash 2796:Noahide laws 2664: 2539:Conservative 2414: 2387: 2385: 2335: 2324: 2311: 2301:advocates a 2293:historians. 2291: 2255: 2216: 2200: 2155: 2124: 2100:Law of Moses 2089: 2063: 2059:Jordan River 2032: 2017: 1971: 1956:Carol Meyers 1941: 1894: 1827: 1788: 1785:, "Numbers") 1760: 1732: 1704: 1676: 1660: 1618: 1595:amongst the 1566: 1553:pentáteukhos 1485:Hebrew Bible 1482: 1458: 1454:Hebrew Bible 1444:talmud torah 1443: 1421: 1400: 1383: 1371: 1360:amongst the 1348:believed by 1331: 1308:Samaritanism 1292: 1248:Hebrew Bible 1243:תורה שבעל פה 1231: 1225: 1206: 1196: 1173: 1165: 1123: 1120:Christianity 1096:Hebrew Bible 1055: 1053: 1018:Bible portal 903: / 753:Lamentations 704:Ecclesiastes 478:Ecclesiastes 468:Lamentations 432: 372: 172: 97: 95: 80:Hebrew Bible 13876:(Thelemite) 13868:(Ahmadiyya) 13848:(Mormonism) 13734:(Hinduism) 13374:Pomegranate 13274:(The Earth) 13167:golden calf 12740:Pilgrimages 12473:Hudaybiyyah 12388:Quba Mosque 12342:Prostration 12293:,' that is 12254:Mesopotamia 12243:Mount Tabor 12239:Mount Sinai 12221:Mount Sinai 12171:ʿArim Sabaʾ 11909:Polytheists 11659:Household') 11654:Ahl al-Bayt 11611:(People of 11609:Qawm Tubbaʿ 11555:Wife of Lut 11550:Wife of Nuh 11401:or families 11399:ethnicities 11120:Moses' wife 10603:ibn Dāwūd ( 10385:ash-Shayṭān 10277:Holy Spirit 10103:Non-related 9837:Va'etchanan 9824:Deuteronomy 9731:Acharei Mot 9413:Catholicism 8995:Hellenistic 8833:Eschatology 8771:Lachoudisch 8696:Lotegorisch 8674:Lachoudisch 8664:Koiné Greek 8577:Judeo-Latin 8514:Palestinian 8408:Palestinian 8257:Mustaʿravim 8183:Afghan Jews 8171:Berber Jews 8095:Bene Israel 8083:Falash Mura 8073:Beta Israel 7991:Persecution 7933:Middle Ages 7701:23 February 7321:Deuteronomy 7038:27 February 6418:, pp. 6398:, pp. 6053:, pp. 6012:, pp. 5944:(1): 3–18. 5664:Gaines 2015 5477:Sommer 2015 5441:Stubbs 2009 5417:Ashley 1993 5405:Meyers 2005 4576:Koine Greek 4530:translation 4427:sefer Torah 4395:sefer Torah 4383:Sefer Torah 4365:Sefer Torah 4243:Rabbi Akiva 4216:קוצו של יוד 4196:Ktav Ashuri 3878:Torat Moshɛ 3726:Torah study 3701:קריאת התורה 3546:Mount Sinai 3145:Sefer Torah 3107:Bereavement 3087:Zeved habat 2870:Holy Temple 2810:Holy cities 2544:Conservadox 2338:Hellenistic 2187:Composition 2080:Deuteronomy 2074:his priests 2035:Mount Sinai 1913:Mount Sinai 1799:Deuteronomy 1766:בְּמִדְבַּר 1682:בְּרֵאשִׁית 1632:Mount Sinai 1547:πεντάτευχος 1389:conjugation 1272:Mount Sinai 1230:, the word 1198:Sefer Torah 1116:Deuteronomy 951:4 Maccabees 946:3 Maccabees 886:2 Maccabees 881:1 Maccabees 601:Deuteronomy 153:Deuteronomy 13924:Categories 13902:Geniocracy 13898:(Satanist) 13854:(Tenrikyo) 13703:(Hinduism) 13701:Upanishads 13671:(Hinduism) 13643:(Judaism) 13631:(Buddhist) 13599:(Hinduism) 13268:(Planets) 13262:(The Moon) 13213:Of Quraysh 13088:Noah's Ark 12981:Holy books 12825:Al-Ghuduww 12819:Al-ʿAshiyy 12783:Invocation 12775:Times for 12626:Battle of 12617:Battles or 12209:(The Holy 12075:(formerly 12022:(Mainland 11832:Hypocrites 11779:People of 11746:Banu Nadir 11726:Implicitly 11568:Son of Nuh 11526:People of 11460:Ahl Madyan 11435:Muʾtafikāt 11355:Al-Raqaim? 11330:Ḥawāriyyūn 11212:Implied or 11157:(possibly 11087:Egyptians 11079:People of 11037:Egyptians 10858:(Jeremiah) 10758:Ibn Maryam 10511:(Ezekiel?) 10350:(Asmodeus) 10244:Muqarrabun 9980:(Generous) 9950:Non-humans 9938:Characters 9857:Ki Teitzei 9751:Bechukotai 9591:Vayishlach 9566:Lech-Lecha 9408:Anabaptism 9350:Jew (word) 9217:Leadership 9030:Literature 9015:Secularism 8961:Humanistic 8828:Conversion 8798:Philosophy 8639:Judeo-Urdu 8403:Babylonian 8248:Saada Jews 8233:Adeni Jews 8026:Ashkenazim 7981:Samaritans 7948:Population 7903:Israelites 7407:2019-09-27 7173:2010-10-03 6472:McCoy 2021 6416:Zohar 2005 6166:2012-11-07 5996:2010-08-19 5924:Adler 2022 5912:Adler 2022 5804:Romer 2008 5725:2024-01-25 5649:Baden 2012 5511:Bava Basra 5429:Olson 1996 4969:2021-09-11 4946:References 4884:Heptateuch 4856:Al-Andalus 4851:mufassirun 4827:of Islam. 4776:See also: 4766:Mosaic Law 4746:See also: 4732:Samaritans 4718:‮ࠕࠫ‎‬ࠅࠓࠡࠄ‎ 4710:See also: 4595:Theodotion 4570:Septuagint 4413:(forms of 4370:Manuscript 4252: – c. 4029:animal fat 4005:Oral Torah 3951:newspapers 3887:Mosaic Law 3858:See also: 3621:newspapers 3567:Ritual use 3332:Yom Kippur 2875:Tabernacle 2620:Chosenness 2592:Philosophy 2573:Humanistic 2444:Torahs in 2350:the Exodus 2307:hypothesis 2233:script to 2120:Mount Nebo 2104:repentance 2068:and their 1974:Tabernacle 1929:Tabernacle 1897:Israelites 1871:the Exodus 1738:וַיִּקְרָא 1670:Septuagint 1562:Alexandria 1461:pre-Exilic 1449:תלמוד תורה 1432:Oral Torah 1397:Septuagint 1320:Samaritans 1276:Tabernacle 1270:, some at 1237:תורה שבכתב 1124:Pentateuch 640:1–2 Samuel 616:Historical 572:Pentateuch 531:Chronicles 501:Historical 378:(Writings) 178:(Prophets) 13908:Catechism 13904:(Raelian) 13887:Dianetics 13852:Ofudesaki 13691:(Judaism) 13629:Tripiṭaka 13605:(Jainism) 13583:Antiquity 13462:Date palm 13452:Palm tree 13440:Lote-tree 13416:or plants 13360:Qith-thāʾ 13288:(The Sun) 13286:Ash-Shams 13247:Celestial 13140:False god 13076:or beings 13074:of people 13056:of David) 12998:of Jesus) 12831:Al-Bukrah 12594:in Sheba) 12372:of Mecca) 12329:Monastery 12307:locations 12305:Religious 12262:Al-Jūdiyy 11955:Mentioned 11949:Locations 11862:Christian 11842:Believers 11827:Munāfiqūn 11790:Religious 11728:mentioned 11641:Stoneland 11517:Muhajirun 11295:Mentioned 11197:Abū Lahab 11192:As-Sāmirī 11182:(Goliath) 11148:Evil ones 11062:Zulaykhah 11018:People of 10905:Good ones 10705:Ulul-ʿAzm 10693:Zechariah 10689:Zakariyyā 10509:Dhūl-Kifl 10462:Mentioned 10308:(Michael) 10197:Zabāniyah 10174:Malāʾikah 10146:Honey bee 9698:Leviticus 9663:Mishpatim 9653:Beshalach 9470:indicate 9418:Mormonism 9403:Christian 9283:Symbolism 9271:Synagogue 9251:Mythology 9212:Education 9183:Astronomy 9166:Astrology 8983:relations 8788:Zarphatic 8736:Galitzish 8538:Yeshivish 8415:Catalanic 8378:Samaritan 8353:Ashkenazi 8334:Diasporic 8329:Languages 8274:Sephardim 8269:Romaniote 8156:Krymchaks 8090:Desi Jews 7966:Buddhists 7645:. Black. 7561:. BRILL. 7139:. Brill. 5958:2192-2276 5792:Frei 2001 5780:Otto 2014 5768:Carr 2014 5676:Otto 2014 5601:Carr 2014 5580:Sanhedrin 5568:Ross 2004 5310:. Mumbai. 5106:Lev 10:11 5093:Lang 2015 5062:Alexander 4720:‎, 4591:Symmachus 4460:synagogue 4415:parchment 4397:(plural: 4304:does not 4250: 50 4132:does not 4077:Midrashim 3816:fast days 3451:Criticism 3416:Pluralism 3394:Mormonism 3300:Kol Nidre 3074:education 2999:Acharonim 2845:Synagogue 2822:Jerusalem 2504:Movements 2342:Hasmonean 2043:sanctuary 2024:Yahwistic 1962:Leviticus 1794:דְּבָרִים 1754:Leuitikón 1748:Λευιτικόν 1743:Leviticus 1729:, "Exit") 1587:given by 1463:literary 1201:). If in 1164:) or the 1108:Leviticus 941:Psalm 151 831:Zechariah 821:Zephaniah 724:Prophetic 645:1–2 Kings 591:Leviticus 436:(Scrolls) 348:Zechariah 338:Zephaniah 278:Yekhezqel 268:Yirmeyahu 258:Yeshayahu 133:Leviticus 83:(Judaism) 13882:(Wiccan) 13862:(Baha'i) 13754:(Shinto) 13724:Medieval 13695:Theogony 13625:(Taoist) 13622:Zhuangzi 13450:(Tender 13430:Tamarisk 13364:Cucumber 13282:(Stars) 13260:Al-Qamar 13225:Al-ʿUzzā 13072:Objects 12886:Qabl al- 12837:Aṣ-Ṣabāḥ 12700:Doomsday 12628:al-Aḥzāb 12318:(Church) 12051:Al-Aḥqāf 11989:Jahannam 11982:Paradise 11589:Bedouins 11384:Qawm Lūṭ 11226:Abu Bakr 11056:Wife of 11045:Potiphar 11028:Binyāmin 10748:Al-Masīḥ 10720:Muḥammad 10657:Dhūn-Nūn 10601:Sulaymān 10539:(Elijah) 10451:Prophets 10367:Shayāṭīn 10325:(Genies) 10153:Qaswarah 10134:Wild ass 10112:(Female 10110:ʿAnkabūt 10033:elephant 9872:Vayelech 9867:Nitzavim 9852:Shofetim 9804:Pinechas 9769:Bemidbar 9736:Kedoshim 9683:Vayakhel 9678:Ki Tissa 9673:Tetzaveh 9606:Vayigash 9596:Vayeshev 9556:Bereshit 9483:Category 9453:Hinduism 9443:Buddhism 9345:Genetics 9261:Politics 9234:Marriage 9193:Holidays 9188:Calendar 9069:Rabbinic 9045:/Hebrew 8990:Haymanot 8917:Orthodox 8904:Branches 8877:Kabbalah 8872:Haskalah 8850:Holiness 8726:dialects 8706:Shassagh 8669:Krymchak 8649:Kayliñña 8543:Yinglish 8519:Galilean 8509:Talmudic 8504:Biblical 8479:Betanure 8398:Biblical 8393:Mishnaic 8388:Medieval 8373:Tiberian 8368:Yemenite 8358:Sephardi 8294:Paradesi 8238:Ḥabbanim 8228:Teimanim 8193:Baghdadi 8166:Maghrebi 8134:Karaites 8112:Gruzínim 8100:Kochinim 8018:Diaspora 7976:Karaites 7961:Atheists 7898:Timeline 7812:(1905). 7205:(2005). 7049:"Exodus" 6865:(2002). 6660:(1979). 6453:Archived 6369:(eds.). 6334:(eds.). 6299:(eds.). 6183:Archived 6145:Talmud, 5991:Aish.com 5852:Ska 2006 5828:Ska 2006 5816:Ska 2006 5690:(2017). 5625:Ska 2014 5259:(eds.). 5132:(eds.). 5066:Persians 5064:and the 4862:See also 4279:Orthodox 4268:particle 4205:Kabbalah 4068:Baraitot 4015:Tefillin 3808:parashot 3791:parashot 3778:parashot 3773:parashah 3481:Muhammad 3384:Hinduism 3357:Hanukkah 3295:Tachanun 3290:Havdalah 3155:Tefillin 3102:Marriage 2994:Rishonim 2980:Savoraim 2837:Tiberias 2786:Tzedakah 2706:Rabbinic 2605:Kabbalah 2578:Haymanot 2512:Orthodox 2465:a series 2463:Part of 2450:Istanbul 2398:its laws 2354:Passover 2239:Maharsha 2235:Assyrian 2020:Priestly 1937:holy war 1925:covenant 1782:Arithmoí 1761:Bəmidbar 1677:Bəreshit 1663:incipits 1656:Passover 1603:Contents 1537:-tə-tewk 1465:prophets 1428:oral law 1413:guidance 1219:perushim 1213:rabbinic 1194:ספר תורה 994:Josippon 979:Jubilees 931:2 Esdras 926:1 Esdras 816:Habakkuk 748:Jeremiah 699:Proverbs 660:Nehemiah 515:Daniyyel 433:Megillot 407:Proverbs 401:Tehillim 333:Habakkuk 264:Jeremiah 233:Melakhim 213:Shofetim 203:Yehoshua 147:Bemidbar 117:Bereshit 13766:(Islam) 13748:(Islam) 13732:Puranas 13707:Enneads 13515:(Drink) 13501:(River) 13486:Liquids 13318:(Shoot) 13306:(Onion) 13266:Kawākib 13254:Maṣābīḥ 13199:Yaghūth 12935:Implied 12895:Al-Aṣīl 12845:Al-Layl 12729:Ramaḍān 12678:Jumuʿah 12542:Shaddad 12434:Arabia 12428:Antakya 12423:Antioch 12416:Implied 12360:Al-Aqsa 12295:Nineveh 12281:Babylon 12126:Ḥaraman 12096:(Hegra) 12093:Al-Ḥijr 12083:ʿArafāt 12077:Yathrib 12072:Madīnah 11902:Sabians 11838:Muslims 11807:Kāfirūn 11775:Khazraj 11626:Quraysh 11397:Tribes, 11319:Sabbath 11263:Shaddad 11236:Barṣīṣā 11169:Pharaoh 11165:Firʿawn 10862:Ṣamūʾīl 10849:Implied 10780:Abraham 10752:Messiah 10605:Solomon 10591:Shuʿayb 10563:Ishmael 10559:Ismāʿīl 10523:(Eber?) 10517:(Aaron) 10479:Al-Yasa 10416:Ghilmān 10292:Raphael 10288:Isrāfīl 10051:hud-hud 10001:Related 9994:Animals 9877:Haazinu 9862:Ki Tavo 9832:Devarim 9761:Numbers 9726:Metzora 9716:Shemini 9706:Vayikra 9688:Pekudei 9668:Terumah 9643:Va'eira 9586:Vayetze 9581:Toledot 9571:Vayeira 9548:Genesis 9468:Italics 9293:Studies 9239:Divorce 9205:Kashrut 9200:Cuisine 9158:Culture 9089:Midrash 9084:Tosefta 9074:Mishnah 9062:Ketuvim 9057:Nevi'im 9020:Schisms 9010:Science 9000:Karaite 8971:Renewal 8932:Litvaks 8927:Hasidic 8882:Sefirot 8867:Halakha 8838:Messiah 8811:Mitzvah 8806:Beliefs 8760:Western 8746:Poylish 8741:Litvish 8731:Eastern 8721:Yiddish 8716:Shuadit 8701:Qwareña 8689:Tetuani 8684:Haketia 8659:Knaanic 8654:Kivruli 8602:Bukhori 8548:Heblish 8484:Hulaulá 8474:Barzani 8430:Yahudic 8363:Mizrahi 8223:Urfalim 8178:Mizrahi 8122:Neofiti 8117:Italkim 8046:Lita'im 7938:Zionism 7890:History 7864:Judaism 7277:Numbers 5308:Mid-Day 5122:"Torah" 4914:Nevi'im 4909:Ketuvim 4889:Hexapla 4874:Haftara 4807:Muslims 4803:Islamic 4635:Saadiah 4615:Vulgate 4526:Aramaic 4510:Aramaic 4503:Yiddish 4462:in the 4456:holiest 4452:mitzvah 4388:scribes 4374:scrolls 4325:removed 4310:sources 4219:), the 4153:removed 4138:sources 4106:halakha 4073:Tosefta 4057:Mishnah 4049:tannaim 4035:Shabbat 4021:Kashrut 3965:scholar 3940:"Torah" 3768:Shabbat 3635:scholar 3610:"Torah" 3441:Zionism 3347:Shavuot 3265:Kaddish 3242:Prayers 3175:Menorah 3170:Mezuzah 3160:Tzitzit 3115:Yeshiva 3070:Culture 2975:Amoraim 2970:Tannaim 2941:Rebecca 2929:Solomon 2897:Abraham 2776:Kashrut 2727:Tosefta 2722:Midrash 2712:Mishnah 2694:Piyutim 2675:Ketuvim 2670:Nevi'im 2610:Messiah 2568:Renewal 2558:Karaite 2523:Hasidic 2473:Judaism 2267:Elohist 2263:Jahwist 2225:during 2211:Mishnah 1996:Numbers 1984:), the 1982:Kashrut 1843:Abraham 1818:Genesis 1801:, from 1789:Dəvarim 1776:Ἀριθμοί 1773:, from 1771:Numbers 1745:, from 1733:Vayikra 1717:, from 1710:שְׁמוֹת 1698:Génesis 1692:Γένεσις 1689:, from 1687:Genesis 1591:to the 1581:Muslims 1436:Mishnah 1356:to the 1350:Muslims 1260:Midrash 1208:Chumash 1112:Numbers 1100:Genesis 1087:תּוֹרָה 836:Malachi 796:Obadiah 758:Ezekiel 596:Numbers 581:Genesis 482:Qohelet 411:Mishlei 373:Ketuvim 353:Malachi 313:Obadiah 274:Ezekiel 223:Shemuel 173:Nevi'im 157:Devarim 143:Numbers 137:Wayiqra 113:Genesis 13838:Modern 13791:(Sikh) 13764:Hadith 13752:Kojiki 13689:Talmud 13641:Tanakh 13609:Avesta 13603:Agamas 13513:Sharāb 13473:Zaqqūm 13390:Zaytūn 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