355:
189:. Two important, innovative principles emerged: the commission had to be free from political interference, and the countries would be represented at Government level so that the scientific advice of the commission would carry weight. The next meeting was held in Rome in February 1914, and endorsed the principle that all the countries bordering the Mediterranean and the Black Sea should be eligible for membership.
37:
The
Mediterranean Science Commission is the flagship for multilateral research in the Mediterranean and Black Seas. A unique coalition of 23 Member Governments and hundreds of marine Institutes, CIESM links marine scientists from all shores of the Basin and adjacent seas, to share the latest findings
283:
Under the statutes of the commission as of 30 November 1970, the headquarters was in Monaco and the official language remained French. The president was elected for four years at the plenary
Congress and Assembly, and was eligible for be reelection. The plenary Congress was held every two years, and
304:
and issued a detailed assessment of Marine
Pollution in the Mediterranean. In 1998 CIESM began running research workshops which continue to produce widely read monographs on emerging issues. Subjects have covered a diversity of sectors ranging from marine volcanoes and canyons, marine connectivity,
276:
and by Prof. François
Doumenge, who served in that function from 1988 until 2007. At that time the CIESM Council decided to merge the position of Secretary General with that of Director General, a function held by Prof. Frederic Briand until September 2023, date when his elected successor Dr Laura
296:
is the only organization that specializes in multi-lateral marine research in the
Mediterranean Sea. Through its network of scientists, it can quickly detect changes and alert governments and others who must take action, and provide neutral and authoritative advice on issues related to marine
337:
148:) is an independent organization that unites 23 Member States, hundreds of marine Institutes, and thousands of marine researchers from all shores of the Mediterranean basin and adjacent seas, to engage in marine scientific explorations and exchange on the latest advances in oceanography.
215:
From 1919 until 1939 several marine observatories were founded around the
Mediterranean under the impulsion of CIESM in countries such as Algeria, Tunisia, and Italy. Specialized French, Italian, and Spanish vessels undertook mapping and research campaigns in the Strait of
365:
Since 1992 CIESM Congresses have been held every three years, except for a five-year parenthesis due to the Covid_19 pandemic . The next CIESM Congress will take place in
Palermo on October 2024. The current presidency of the Commission is held by Monaco, in the person of
268:, but despite pressure to transfer responsibility to the United Nations, meetings resumed in 1951 in Paris where the seat of the commission had been transferred in 1924. In 1956, at the 15th CIESM Congress in Istanbul, Monaco was elected to the presidency in the person of
159:
via the international use of national research stations and scientific exchange. Originally the organization was restricted to countries bordering the
Mediterranean and the Black seas and is now open to other countries engaged in marine research in the broad region.
332:
on Exotic Fishes, Crustaceans, Molluscs, Seaweeds the continuous arrival of tropical invaders in the
Mediterranean Sea, mostly from Indo-Pacific origin, and tracks the status and routes of endangered species such as sharks, rays and seabirds.
317:, deep waters, acidification, emergent pollutants, food webs from marine viruses to whales, invasive species, social studies of fisheries, etc. At that time the Commission started to deliver morphometric maps of the Mediterranean
110:
103:
180:
in Geneva endorsed the principle of a
Commission in July 1908 and decided a committee should define the organization. The committee was formed and first met in Monaco on 30 March 1910 under the chairmanship of
948:"Coopération internationale de la Suisse dans le domaine de la recherche marine en Méditerranée, dans le cadre de la Commission internationale pour l'exploration scientifique de la mer Méditerranée"
908:
Rapport de la cinquiĂšme Consultation technique du Conseil gĂ©nĂ©ral des pĂȘches pour la MĂ©diterranĂ©e sur l'Ă©valuation des stocks dans l'Adriatique et la mer Ionienne: Bari, Italie, 1â5 juin 1987
196:
prevented Spain to welcome the Constituent Assembly later that year. It was finally held in Madrid in November 1919 - after a preparatory meeting (Paris) in June - and chaired by King
280:
With a change in statutes to allow members of non-coastal countries engaged in marine research, Germany became a member in 1969, followed by Switzerland in 1970 and Portugal in 2004.
117:
885:
232:. The membership quickly expanded to include Romania (1925), the Kingdom of Serbs (1927), Turkey (1928) and territories then under British, French or Spanish mandate:
272:, while Prof. Jean Furnestin continued until 1966 his substantial refoundation work as Secretary General. He would be succeeded as Secretary in 1966 by Commandant
176:, thought it would be useful for the fishing industry to promote oceanographic exploration of the Mediterranean Sea. Based on Vinciguerra's proposal, the ninth
1219:
The Mediterranean Deep-sea Ecosystems: An Overview of Their Diversity, Structure, Functioning and Anthropogenic Impacts, with a Proposal for Their Conservation
447:
CIESM works closely with various UN International Agencies such as UNESCO, IOC, IMO, WMO, or FAO and regional 'sister' organisations like ICES and UNEP/ MAP
1252:
252:(1933). The Commission published a Bulletin and scientific Reports of Congresses held then every two years, plus detailed, illustrated sheets of the
450:
The Commission draws on the work of researchers in over 50 countries. In 1996 CIESM restructured itself into six scientific committees :
1060:
Meeting on the Biogeochemical Cycle of Mercury in the Mediterranean: Supplement, FAO Fisheries Report No. 325, Sienna, Italy 27â31 Aug. 1984
889:
321:, based on modern imagery provided by multibeam swath. Between 2013 and 2020 the CIESM JellyWatch program engaged an extensive survey of
1247:
212:
and Turkey. The newly formed Commission elected Monaco, in the person of Prince Albert 1er, to the presidency. Italy followed in 1924.
810:
1079:
1227:
1206:
1167:
1129:
1068:
1016:
995:
974:
937:
916:
858:
837:
177:
500:
269:
346:
The latest CIESM Congresses were held in Venice (2010), Marseille (2013), Kiel (2016) and Cascais (2019).
1177:
987:
Environmental Governance of the Great Seas: Law and Effect. Joseph F.C. Dimento and Alexis Jaclyn Hickman
367:
1008:
Semi-Enclosed Seas: Exchange of Environmental Experiences Between Mediterranean and Caribbean Countries
182:
306:
1199:
Building the European Capacity in Operational Oceanography: Proceedings third EuroGOOS Conference
947:
666:"Pollution of the Mediterranean Sea - Options in Pollution Research and Environmental Monitoring"
718:
829:
A Sustainable Future for the Mediterranean: The Blue Plan's Environment And Development Outlook
1119:
869:
848:
341:
Main sectors of marine research currently investigated by the Mediterranean Science Commission
1217:
1194:
1157:
1140:
1006:
985:
964:
927:
906:
827:
273:
197:
1195:"Long-term sustained observing system for climatic variability studies in the Mediterranean"
1058:
358:
186:
746:
8:
705:"Guide of Mediterranean Skates & Rays â the Mediterranean Science Commission (CIESM)"
325:
outbreaks, monitored on a weekly basis in coastal waters from Morocco to the Black Sea.
301:
155:, Spain, in November 1919 the Commission promotes multilateral international research on
732:
589:
382:
237:
1223:
1202:
1163:
1125:
1064:
1012:
991:
970:
933:
912:
854:
833:
719:"Atlas of Seabirds in the Mediterranean & adjacent Seas â CIESM Seabirds Program"
693:
665:
496:
225:
169:
679:
704:
1105:. Washington, U.S. A.: FOURTH INTERNATIONAL FISHERY CONGRESS. 22â26 September 1908
1100:"Organization and Sessional Business of the Fourth International Fishery Congress"
1057:
627:
229:
1099:
354:
314:
156:
139:
783:
173:
1026:
310:
1241:
516:
145:
Commission Internationale pour l'Exploration Scientifique de la Méditerranée
265:
794:
193:
1042:
765:
1098:
946:
322:
221:
217:
1193:
Theocharis, Alexander; et al. (CIESM Initiative Group) (2003).
966:
The Ecology of Transportation: Managing Mobility for the Environment
570:
425:
378:
1121:
International Governmental Organizations: Constitutional Documents
441:
433:
421:
409:
401:
397:
393:
386:
374:
336:
249:
245:
209:
437:
417:
405:
318:
233:
205:
152:
563:
429:
413:
241:
201:
884:
771:
646:
1215:
634:
495:. London, Seattle: Univ. of Washington Press. p. 72.
950:. Secrétariat d'Etat à l'éducation et à la recherche SER
847:
Beolens, Bo; Watkins, Michael; Grayson, Michael (2011).
809:
576:
493:
The sea knows no boundaries: a century of marine science
328:
The Commission assumes a leading role in documenting in
87:
929:
Ecosystem Approaches to Fisheries: A Global Perspective
753:
297:
ecosystems by ways of Monographs, reports, Congresses.
846:
608:
523:
1176:
984:DiMento, J. F. C.; Hickman, Alexis Jaclyn (2012).
962:
925:
870:"L'Institut Océanographique et le Musée de Monaco"
596:
546:
544:
542:
540:
538:
408:, Egypt, France, Germany, Greece, Israel, Italy,
1239:
692:Briand, F. CIESM JellyWatch Program (2013-2020).
264:The work of the commission was suspended during
200:. The founding meeting had representatives from
151:Created by an International Conference held in
983:
652:
628:"CIESM - the Mediterranean Science Commission"
564:"CIESM - the Mediterranean Science Commission"
535:
517:"CIESM - the Mediterranean Science Commission"
381:, and Ukraine became members, followed by the
300:In 1993 CIESM responded to a request from the
1156:Rades, Charles V.; Tilesman, Evan B. (2008).
1155:
963:Davenport, John; Davenport, Julia L. (2006).
784:https://www.ciesm.org/about/history/index.htm
111:
1004:
825:
1041:
904:
888:. Prince's Palace of Monaco. Archived from
759:
490:
361:, Monaco, where CIESM was conceived in 1910
1192:
911:. Food & Agriculture Org. p. 60.
313:on the ocean, species extinctions, marine
256:under the direction of Prof. Louis Joubin
118:
104:
1253:European Union and science and technology
1138:
1080:"Mihai BÄcescu And Jacques Yves Cousteau"
926:Christensen, Villy; Maclean, Jay (2011).
826:Benoit, Guillaume; Comeau, Aline (2005).
614:
185:, in the premises of the recently opened
1143:. The Museum of Broadcast Communications
1005:Fabbri, Paolo; Fierro, Giuliano (1992).
590:"CIESM Historic Records of Marine Fauna"
353:
335:
22:Mediterranean Science Commission (CIESM)
1117:
1077:
640:
602:
466:Marine Ecosystems and Living Resources,
349:
1240:
867:
795:https://www.ciesm.org/marine/index.htm
529:
463:Marine Microbiology and Biotechnology,
733:"2016 CIESM Congress â Getting there"
1216:WWF Mediterranean Programme (2004).
1078:Murariu, Dumitru (26 October 2009).
1063:. Food & Agriculture Org. 1986.
620:
509:
469:Coastal Systems and Marine Policies.
259:
16:Marine science research organization
1025:
905:Caddy, John F.; Savini, M. (1988).
550:
287:
284:decided on subjects to be studied.
13:
1159:Advances in Environmental Research
886:"Biography â H.S.H. Prince Albert"
14:
1264:
1248:Marine conservation organizations
850:The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles
457:Physics and Climate of the Ocean,
309:, Marine Peace Parks, impacts of
1201:. Gulf Professional Publishing.
772:Biography â H.S.H. Prince Albert
392:Today the 24 Member States are:
294:Mediterranean Science Commission
248:(1930), Spanish Protectorate of
178:International Geographical Union
132:Mediterranean Science Commission
1086:(33). Monica Manolachi (trans.)
788:
777:
739:
725:
711:
697:
686:
672:
658:
277:Giuliano assumed the position.
1118:Peaslee, Amos Jenkins (1979).
932:. Cambridge University Press.
811:"Albert Ier â le scientifique"
582:
556:
491:Rozwadowski, Helen M. (2002).
484:
254:Faune et Flore de Méditerranée
163:
1:
473:
424:, Portugal, Romania, Russia,
270:Rainier III, Prince of Monaco
38:and advances in oceanography.
813:. Lycée Albert 1er de Monaco
577:Albert Ier â le scientifique
168:Two professors, the Italian
7:
990:. Edward Elgar Publishing.
680:"CIESM Workshop Monographs"
368:Albert II, Prince of Monaco
10:
1269:
653:DiMento & Hickman 2012
183:Albert I, Prince of Monaco
1139:Pickering, David (2012).
868:Berget, Alphonse (1910).
832:. Earthscan. p. 49.
307:Messinian Salinity Crisis
204:, France, Greece, Italy,
99:
84:
75:
68:
59:
52:
43:
35:
26:
1178:"The MARCOM+ Consortium"
1011:. Taylor & Francis.
460:Marine Biogeochemistry,
1124:. BRILL. p. 272.
428:, Spain, Switzerland,
362:
343:
874:La Revue scientifique
747:"2019 CIESM Congress"
357:
339:
274:Jacques Yves Cousteau
198:Alfonso XIII of Spain
359:Oceanographic Museum
350:Current organization
187:Oceanographic Museum
70:Prof. Laura Giuliano
1162:. Nova Publishers.
1141:"COUSTEAU, JACQUES"
892:on 15 November 2013
454:Marine Geosciences,
302:European Parliament
23:
643:, p. 271-273.
383:Russian Federation
363:
344:
21:
1229:978-2-8317-0846-1
1208:978-0-444-51550-6
1169:978-1-60456-413-6
1131:978-90-247-2087-3
1070:978-92-5-102386-0
1043:"Marine Research"
1018:978-1-85166-849-6
997:978-1-84844-375-4
976:978-1-4020-4504-2
939:978-0-521-11305-2
918:978-92-5-002677-0
860:978-1-4214-0135-5
839:978-1-84407-259-0
260:Post World War II
226:Strait of Messina
170:Decio Vinciguerra
128:
127:
1260:
1233:
1212:
1189:
1187:
1185:
1173:
1152:
1150:
1148:
1135:
1114:
1112:
1110:
1104:
1095:
1093:
1091:
1074:
1054:
1052:
1050:
1038:
1036:
1034:
1022:
1001:
980:
959:
957:
955:
943:
922:
901:
899:
897:
881:
864:
843:
822:
820:
818:
797:
792:
786:
781:
775:
769:
763:
757:
751:
750:
743:
737:
736:
729:
723:
722:
715:
709:
708:
701:
695:
690:
684:
683:
676:
670:
669:
662:
656:
650:
644:
638:
632:
631:
624:
618:
612:
606:
600:
594:
593:
586:
580:
574:
568:
567:
560:
554:
548:
533:
527:
521:
520:
513:
507:
506:
488:
288:Examples of work
120:
113:
106:
94:
91:
89:
62:Director General
24:
20:
1268:
1267:
1263:
1262:
1261:
1259:
1258:
1257:
1238:
1237:
1236:
1230:
1209:
1183:
1181:
1170:
1146:
1144:
1132:
1108:
1106:
1102:
1089:
1087:
1071:
1048:
1046:
1032:
1030:
1019:
998:
977:
953:
951:
940:
919:
895:
893:
861:
840:
816:
814:
800:
793:
789:
782:
778:
770:
766:
760:Marine Research
758:
754:
745:
744:
740:
731:
730:
726:
717:
716:
712:
703:
702:
698:
691:
687:
678:
677:
673:
664:
663:
659:
651:
647:
639:
635:
626:
625:
621:
613:
609:
601:
597:
588:
587:
583:
575:
571:
562:
561:
557:
549:
536:
528:
524:
515:
514:
510:
503:
489:
485:
476:
352:
315:biotechnologies
311:climatic change
290:
262:
172:and the German
166:
157:marine sciences
124:
95:
86:
80:
71:
64:
55:
48:
39:
31:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1266:
1256:
1255:
1250:
1235:
1234:
1228:
1213:
1207:
1190:
1174:
1168:
1153:
1136:
1130:
1115:
1096:
1075:
1069:
1055:
1039:
1023:
1017:
1002:
996:
981:
975:
960:
944:
938:
923:
917:
902:
882:
865:
859:
844:
838:
823:
806:
799:
798:
787:
776:
764:
752:
738:
724:
710:
696:
685:
671:
657:
645:
633:
619:
615:Pickering 2012
607:
595:
581:
569:
555:
534:
532:, p. 645.
522:
508:
501:
482:
475:
472:
471:
470:
467:
464:
461:
458:
455:
351:
348:
289:
286:
261:
258:
192:The advent of
165:
162:
126:
125:
123:
122:
115:
108:
100:
97:
96:
85:
82:
81:
76:
73:
72:
69:
66:
65:
60:
57:
56:
53:
50:
49:
44:
41:
40:
36:
33:
32:
27:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1265:
1254:
1251:
1249:
1246:
1245:
1243:
1231:
1225:
1221:
1220:
1214:
1210:
1204:
1200:
1196:
1191:
1179:
1175:
1171:
1165:
1161:
1160:
1154:
1142:
1137:
1133:
1127:
1123:
1122:
1116:
1101:
1097:
1085:
1081:
1076:
1072:
1066:
1062:
1061:
1056:
1044:
1040:
1028:
1024:
1020:
1014:
1010:
1009:
1003:
999:
993:
989:
988:
982:
978:
972:
968:
967:
961:
949:
945:
941:
935:
931:
930:
924:
920:
914:
910:
909:
903:
891:
887:
883:
879:
875:
871:
866:
862:
856:
853:. JHU Press.
852:
851:
845:
841:
835:
831:
830:
824:
812:
808:
807:
805:
804:
796:
791:
785:
780:
773:
768:
761:
756:
748:
742:
734:
728:
720:
714:
706:
700:
694:
689:
681:
675:
667:
661:
655:, p. 96.
654:
649:
642:
637:
629:
623:
616:
611:
604:
599:
591:
585:
578:
573:
565:
559:
552:
547:
545:
543:
541:
539:
531:
526:
518:
512:
504:
498:
494:
487:
483:
481:
480:
468:
465:
462:
459:
456:
453:
452:
451:
448:
445:
443:
439:
435:
431:
427:
423:
419:
415:
411:
407:
403:
399:
395:
390:
389:(Dec. 2019).
388:
384:
380:
376:
371:
369:
360:
356:
347:
342:
338:
334:
331:
330:CIESM Atlases
326:
324:
320:
316:
312:
308:
303:
298:
295:
285:
281:
278:
275:
271:
267:
257:
255:
251:
247:
243:
239:
235:
231:
230:Gulf of GabĂšs
227:
223:
219:
213:
211:
207:
203:
199:
195:
190:
188:
184:
179:
175:
171:
161:
158:
154:
149:
147:
146:
141:
137:
133:
121:
116:
114:
109:
107:
102:
101:
98:
93:
83:
79:
74:
67:
63:
58:
54:November 1919
51:
47:
42:
34:
30:
25:
19:
1218:
1198:
1182:. Retrieved
1158:
1145:. Retrieved
1120:
1107:. Retrieved
1088:. Retrieved
1083:
1059:
1047:. Retrieved
1031:. Retrieved
1007:
986:
969:. Springer.
965:
952:. Retrieved
928:
907:
894:. Retrieved
890:the original
877:
873:
849:
828:
815:. Retrieved
802:
801:
790:
779:
767:
755:
741:
727:
713:
699:
688:
674:
660:
648:
641:Peaslee 1979
636:
622:
610:
603:Murariu 2009
598:
584:
572:
558:
525:
511:
492:
486:
478:
477:
449:
446:
391:
372:
364:
345:
340:
329:
327:
299:
293:
291:
282:
279:
266:World War II
263:
253:
214:
191:
174:Otto KrĂŒmmel
167:
150:
144:
143:
135:
131:
129:
77:
61:
45:
28:
18:
1084:Animalia.ro
530:Berget 1910
385:(2013) and
194:World War I
164:Early years
1242:Categories
1184:5 December
1147:5 December
1109:5 December
1090:5 December
1049:5 December
1033:5 December
954:5 December
896:5 December
817:5 December
502:0295982594
474:References
228:, and the
46:Foundation
1027:"History"
880:: 641â46.
479:Citations
323:jellyfish
238:Palestine
222:Bosphorus
218:Gibraltar
208:, Spain,
1222:. IUCN.
1180:. MARCOM
426:Slovenia
379:Slovenia
373:In 1992
240:(1929),
236:(1919),
1045:. CIESM
1029:. CIESM
803:Sources
551:History
442:Ukraine
434:Tunisia
422:Morocco
410:Lebanon
402:Croatia
398:Algeria
394:Albania
387:Albania
375:Croatia
250:Morocco
246:Lebanon
210:Tunisia
78:Website
29:Mission
1226:
1205:
1166:
1128:
1067:
1015:
994:
973:
936:
915:
857:
836:
499:
438:Turkey
418:Monaco
406:Cyprus
319:seabed
234:Cyprus
224:, the
220:, the
206:Monaco
153:Madrid
140:French
90:.ciesm
1103:(PDF)
430:Syria
414:Malta
242:Syria
202:Egypt
136:CIESM
134:, or
1224:ISBN
1203:ISBN
1186:2012
1164:ISBN
1149:2012
1126:ISBN
1111:2012
1092:2012
1065:ISBN
1051:2012
1035:2012
1013:ISBN
992:ISBN
971:ISBN
956:2012
934:ISBN
913:ISBN
898:2012
855:ISBN
834:ISBN
819:2012
497:ISBN
440:and
305:the
292:The
244:and
130:The
92:.org
138:, (
88:www
1244::
1197:.
1082:.
878:48
876:.
872:.
537:^
444:.
436:,
432:,
420:,
416:,
412:,
404:,
400:,
396:,
377:,
370:.
142::
1232:.
1211:.
1188:.
1172:.
1151:.
1134:.
1113:.
1094:.
1073:.
1053:.
1037:.
1021:.
1000:.
979:.
958:.
942:.
921:.
900:.
863:.
842:.
821:.
774:.
762:.
749:.
735:.
721:.
707:.
682:.
668:.
630:.
617:.
605:.
592:.
579:.
566:.
553:.
519:.
505:.
119:e
112:t
105:v
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.