632:
3344:
31:
196:
705:
457:
533:
438:
8230:
7262:
6649:
5439:
490:), and obliging them to give license to properly qualified teachers". Rashdall considered that the integrity of a university was only preserved in such an internally regulated corporation, which protected the scholars from external intervention. This independently evolving organization was absent in the universities of southern Italy and Spain, which served the bureaucratic needs of monarchs—and were, according to Rashdall, their artificial creations.
7252:
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7272:
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318:
8219:
920:. This gave students free rein in urban environments to break secular laws with impunity, which led to many abuses: theft, rape, and murder. Students did not face serious consequences from the law. Students were also known to engage in drunkenness. Sometimes citizens were forbidden to interact with students because they made accusations against the university.
696:
among contemporary commentators and modern historians, for drunken debauchery. Students are frequently criticized in the Middle Ages for neglecting their studies for drinking, gambling and sleeping with prostitutes. In
Bologna, some of their laws permitted students to be citizens of the city if they were enrolled at a university.
854:, the last one being the most prestigious. Originally, only few universities had a faculty of theology, because the popes wanted to control the theological studies. Until the mid-14th century, theology could be studied only at universities in Paris, Oxford, Cambridge and Rome. First the establishment of the
875:; theology students as well as masters were required to lecture or to write extensive commentaries on this text as part of their curriculum. Studies in the higher faculties could take up to twelve years for a master's degree or doctorate (initially the two were synonymous), though again a bachelor's and a
678:
institutions in
England. These structural differences created other characteristics. At the Bologna university the students ran everything—a fact that often put teachers under great pressure and disadvantage. In Paris, teachers ran the school; thus Paris became the premiere spot for teachers from all
695:
Students attended the medieval university at different ages—from 14 if they were attending Oxford or Paris to study the arts, to their 30s if they were studying law in
Bologna. During this period of study, students often lived far from home and unsupervised, and as such developed a reputation, both
1240:
Thus the university, as a form of social organization, was peculiar to medieval Europe. Later, it was exported to all parts of the world, including the Muslim East; and it has remained with us down to the present day. But back in the middle ages, outside of Europe, there was nothing anything quite
1368:
The
University was originally a scholastic Guild, whether of Masters or Students. Such Guilds sprang into existence, like other Guilds, without any express authorisation of King, Pope, Prince, or Prelate. They were spontaneous products of the instinct of association that swept over the towns of
682:
It was also characteristic of teachers and scholars to move around. Universities often competed to secure the best and most popular teachers, leading to the marketisation of teaching. Universities published their list of scholars to entice students to study at their institution. Students of
622:
were all extraordinary products of the apparently
Procrustean and allegedly Scholastic universities of Europe... Sociological and historical accounts of the role of the university as an institutional locus for science and as an incubator of scientific thought and arguments have been vastly
525:), in time, transformed this privilege into the single most important defining characteristic of the university and made it the symbol of its institutional autonomy .... By the year 1292, even the two oldest universities, Bologna and Paris, felt the need to seek similar bulls from
249:, bishops formed cathedral schools to train the clergy in canon law, and also in the more secular aspects of religious administration, including logic and disputation for use in preaching and theological discussion, and accounting to control finances more effectively.
338:
set out the modern understanding of the medieval origins of the universities, noting that the earliest universities emerged spontaneously as "a scholastic Guild, whether of
Masters or Students... without any express authorization of King, Pope, Prince or Prelate."
679:
over Europe. Also, in Paris the main subject matter was theology, so control of the qualifications awarded was in the hands of an external authority – the chancellor of the diocese. In
Bologna, where students chose more secular studies, the main subject was law.
587:. In fact, the European university put Aristotelian and other natural science texts at the center of its curriculum, with the result that the "medieval university laid far greater emphasis on science than does its modern counterpart and descendent."
598:, Toby Huff has noted the continued importance of the European universities, with their focus on Aristotle and other scientific and philosophical texts into the early modern period, arguing that they played a crucial role in the
1803:
1629:
253:
was critical in promoting and regulating the concept of modern university, as his 1079 Papal Decree ordered the regulated establishment of cathedral schools that transformed themselves into the first
European universities.
911:
prohibited women from being admitted into universities. Students were afforded the legal protection of the clergy, as well. In this way, no one was allowed to physically harm them; they could only be tried for crimes in an
168:. Eventually, probably in the late 14th century, the term began to appear by itself to exclusively mean a self-regulating community of teachers and scholars recognized and sanctioned by civil or ecclesiastical authority.
1336:
In his magisterial work on
European universities, Hastings Rashdall the integrity of a university is preserved only when the institution evolved into an internally regulated corporation of scholars, be they students or
744:
consisted of arithmetic, geometry, music, and astronomy. The quadrivium was taught after the preparatory work of the trivium and would lead to the degree of Master of Arts. The curriculum came also to include the three
257:
Learning became essential to advancing in the ecclesiastical hierarchy, and teachers also gained prestige. Demand quickly outstripped the capacity of cathedral schools, each of which was essentially run by one
1589:
A. Giesysztor, Part II, Chapter 4, page 136: University
Buildings, in A History of the University In Europe, Volume I: Universities in the Middle Ages, W. Ruegg (ed.), Cambridge University Press, 1992.
655:
of a modern university. Classes were taught wherever space was available, such as churches and homes. A university was not a physical space but a collection of individuals banded together as a
4115:
3952:
3132:
890:. Courses were not elective: the course offerings were set, and everyone had to take the same courses. There were, however, occasional choices as to which teacher to use.
1419:
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987:
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670:, where teachers were paid by the church. Oxford and Cambridge were predominantly supported by the crown and the state, which helped them survive the
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3047:
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Students often entered the university at fourteen to fifteen years of age, though many were older. Classes usually started at 5:00 or 6:00 a.m.
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3393:
3122:
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Once a Master of Arts degree had been conferred, the student could leave the university or pursue further studies in one of the higher faculties,
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4344:
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3087:
2386:
180:
2071:
1518:
as Royal Offices: Mediterranean Universities of Medieval Europe". In Courtenay, William J.; Miethke, Jürgen; Priest, David B. (eds.).
1312:
as Royal Offices: Mediterranean Universities of Medieval Europe". In Courtenay, William J.; Miethke, Jürgen; Priest, David B. (eds.).
8137:
5859:
5280:
5142:
4060:
7777:
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3655:
2840:
560:), and over one-third of the second-highest offices were occupied by masters. In addition, some of the greatest theologians of the
399:
305:
and highlighting the differences in the structure, methodologies, procedures, curricula and legal status of the "Islamic college" (
301:
and Norman Daniel, however, have questioned this, citing the lack of evidence for an actual transmission from the Islamic world to
233:
With the increasing growth and urbanization of European society during the 12th and 13th centuries, a demand grew for professional
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6685:
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1813:
950:. Members of these institutions were encouraged to disseminate their knowledge across Europe, often lecturing at a different
1411:
8274:
8088:
6445:
5197:
4933:
3451:
3386:
2344:
2240:
971:
230:
taught classes. Evidence of these immediate forerunners of the university at many places dates back to the 6th century AD.
184:
20:
1771:"Peter Lombard on God's Knowledge: Sententiae, Book I, Distinctions 35-38, as the Basis for Later Theological Discussions"
631:
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7141:
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6483:
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2991:
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1473:
928:
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were taught: arithmetic, geometry, astronomy, music theory, grammar, logic, and rhetoric. All instruction was given in
7308:
7275:
7237:
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4481:
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3962:
3413:
2376:
2016:
1995:
1976:
1952:
1936:
1919:
1905:
1886:
1753:
1623:
1527:
1448:
1321:
1126:
1105:
1062:
1038:
858:(1347) ended their monopoly and afterwards also other universities got the right to establish theological faculties.
806:
927:. Masters and students would sometimes "strike" by leaving a city and not returning for years. This happened at the
662:
Universities were generally structured along three types, depending on who paid the teachers. The first type was in
8243:
8152:
6613:
5393:
4941:
4694:
4639:
4504:
4239:
4235:
3980:
3765:
3712:
3147:
2627:
2517:
982:
659:. Soon, however, universities began to rent, buy or construct buildings specifically for the purposes of teaching.
465:
461:
207:
setting. For hundreds of years prior to the establishment of universities, European higher education took place in
1942:
931:
after a riot left a number of students dead. The university went on strike and they did not return for two years.
594:
due to the scholastic and Aristotelian emphasis of its curriculum being less popular than the cultural studies of
8279:
6735:
5880:
5778:
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5402:
4744:
4719:
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4644:
4524:
4123:
4007:
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3560:
3443:
3423:
3379:
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2186:
2164:
997:
473:
7735:
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7013:
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5736:
5340:
5052:
4739:
4709:
4689:
4629:
4419:
4135:
3673:
3665:
3577:
3438:
3418:
2881:
2500:
2147:
2139:
2127:
671:
5539:
882:
Courses were offered according to books, not by subject or theme. For example, a course might be on a book by
8147:
7187:
7018:
6379:
5701:
4714:
4704:
4030:
3901:
3799:
3496:
3176:
2755:
2730:
2339:
1494:
24:
513:(corporation of students or teachers) existed even before, but after the issuing of the bull, they attained
8269:
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6384:
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5295:
5266:
5249:
5157:
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4734:
4724:
4302:
4283:
4145:
3896:
3809:
3216:
2735:
2725:
2181:
415:
323:
1613:
7197:
6455:
6236:
6098:
5305:
4055:
3923:
3792:
3181:
2551:
2324:
1522:. Education and Society in the Middle Ages and Renaissance. Vol. 10. Leiden: Brill. pp. 83–99.
242:
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7192:
7182:
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6988:
6890:
6565:
6527:
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5222:
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4326:
4292:
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2215:
720:
degree was awarded after completing the third or fourth year). Studies for this were organized by the
548:
By the 13th century, almost half of the highest offices in the Church were occupied by degree masters (
120:, and it is difficult to define the exact date when they became true universities, though the lists of
1563:
Edward Grant, "Science in the Medieval University", in James M. Kittleson and Pamela J. Transue, ed.,
7433:
7336:
6915:
6678:
6608:
6598:
6560:
6315:
6125:
6093:
6047:
6024:
5412:
5358:
5029:
4979:
4669:
4624:
3732:
3249:
2951:
2262:
1316:. Education and Society in the Middle Ages and Renaissance. Vol. 10. Leiden: Brill. p. 83.
768:
687:
followed him to Melun, Corbeil, and Paris, showing that popular teachers brought students with them.
371:
19:
This article is about Western European institutions. For other early centers of higher learning, see
1381:
472:
In many cases universities petitioned secular power for privileges and this became a model. Emperor
7755:
7671:
7443:
7166:
6588:
6493:
6488:
6303:
6268:
6194:
6150:
6145:
5942:
5768:
5613:
5510:
5505:
5442:
5378:
5300:
5271:
4891:
4886:
4764:
4664:
4649:
4634:
4476:
4297:
4187:
4105:
3929:
3906:
3857:
3530:
3082:
2657:
2174:
2023:
754:
431:
395:
486:
in 1179 "forbidding masters of the church schools to take fees for granting the license to teach (
8203:
7823:
7790:
7569:
6870:
6840:
6273:
6007:
5912:
5801:
5751:
5608:
5525:
5500:
5363:
4995:
4956:
4923:
4369:
4349:
4217:
4095:
4045:
3824:
3625:
3565:
2700:
2556:
2283:
1891:
419:
367:
363:
204:
818:
30:
8033:
7611:
7564:
7227:
6983:
6757:
6593:
6184:
6042:
5984:
5875:
5854:
5619:
5432:
5373:
5368:
5002:
4808:
4729:
4654:
4534:
4212:
4100:
4040:
3717:
3605:
3171:
3057:
2770:
810:
557:
541:
407:
383:
359:
2059:
802:
8233:
7870:
7707:
7616:
7604:
7301:
7046:
6938:
6895:
6652:
6251:
5977:
5786:
5689:
5644:
5573:
5137:
4964:
4389:
4170:
4035:
3881:
3587:
3525:
3484:
3469:
3067:
3052:
2765:
2622:
2529:
2329:
2312:
2225:
2169:
1924:
1664:, 3 volumes; Powicke, F. M., and Emden, A. B. (eds.), 2nd ed., Oxford University Press, 1936.
1121:. Vol. 1: Universities in the Middle Ages. Cambridge University Press. pp. XIX–XX.
663:
599:
427:
403:
387:
343:
3117:
647:. This 1300 manuscript is typical of the sort of book owned by medieval university students.
8043:
8038:
7897:
7882:
7850:
7835:
7818:
7697:
7684:
7579:
7438:
7428:
7265:
7207:
7003:
6910:
6880:
6865:
6671:
6473:
6423:
6408:
6285:
5994:
5894:
5844:
5839:
5796:
5756:
5684:
4541:
4510:
4407:
4288:
4202:
4082:
3985:
3702:
3697:
3620:
3570:
3501:
3479:
3299:
3294:
3289:
3284:
3279:
3274:
3269:
3264:
3259:
3226:
3153:
2996:
2956:
2775:
2677:
2652:
2591:
2396:
2371:
2307:
913:
835:
750:
595:
575:
The development of the medieval university coincided with the widespread reintroduction of
423:
379:
351:
289:
and has inferred that the first universities in Europe were influenced by the madrasahs in
1959:
The First Universities: Studium Generale and the Origins of University Education in Europe
1713:
Gilman, Daniel Coit, et al. (1905). New International Encyclopedia. Lemma "Arts, Liberal".
8:
8058:
7589:
7584:
7521:
7405:
7151:
7131:
7111:
7076:
6920:
6787:
6642:
6618:
6603:
6522:
6512:
6498:
6478:
6468:
6438:
6418:
6347:
6078:
5907:
5834:
5664:
5593:
5520:
5330:
5232:
5025:
5009:
4529:
4439:
3890:
3834:
3782:
3683:
3348:
3072:
3062:
3011:
2869:
2855:
2457:
2220:
2082:
Quality Assurance In A Globalized Higher Education Environment: An Historical Perspective
1495:
Quality Assurance in a Globalized Higher Education Environment: An Historical Perspective
992:
917:
876:
758:
667:
391:
375:
347:
172:
90:
86:
39:
2049:
1985:
203:
The university is generally regarded as a formal institution that has its origin in the
8128:
8098:
8063:
7997:
7813:
7745:
7636:
7509:
7484:
7453:
7255:
7091:
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6968:
6845:
6797:
6792:
6782:
6720:
6517:
6463:
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6364:
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6070:
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5629:
5350:
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4025:
4017:
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3428:
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2586:
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2411:
2272:
2210:
1290:
1231:
1189:
976:
855:
738:
comprised the three subjects that were taught first: grammar, logic, and rhetoric. The
569:
499:
483:
441:
411:
74:
2926:
1031:
Education and Culture in the Barbarian West: From the Sixth through the Eighth Century
8068:
8048:
7902:
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6433:
6339:
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6162:
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6054:
6002:
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5711:
5679:
5674:
5669:
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5649:
5598:
5310:
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3518:
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2406:
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2012:
1991:
1981:
1972:
1948:
1932:
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1901:
1882:
1809:
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1533:
1523:
1469:
1444:
1349:
1327:
1317:
1193:
1122:
1101:
1058:
1034:
956:. Indeed, one of the privileges the papal bull confirmed was the right to confer the
902:
478:
335:
294:
78:
70:
66:
2054:
8178:
8110:
8093:
8053:
8007:
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7541:
7526:
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7349:
7294:
7212:
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4207:
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3506:
3489:
3196:
3001:
2981:
2901:
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2785:
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2401:
2359:
2354:
2334:
2317:
2230:
2091:
1782:
1282:
1223:
1181:
1087:
Encyclopædia Britannica: History of Education. The development of the universities.
941:
717:
580:
561:
526:
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302:
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238:
211:
121:
113:
82:
58:
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2085:
2066:
1501:
1353:
746:
721:
636:
494:
263:
215:
117:
50:
16:
Corporation organized during the Middle Ages for the purposes of higher education
1912:
The Origins of the University: The Schools of Paris and their Critics, 1100-1215
1675:
A History of the University in Europe, Volume I: Universities in the Middle Ages
1153:
Oestreich, Thomas (1913). "Pope St. Gregory VII". In Herbermann, Charles (ed.).
783:
textual commentary because scholasticism was such a popular method of teaching.
590:
Although it has been assumed that the universities went into decline during the
517:. "he papal bull of 1233, which stipulated that anyone admitted as a teacher in
266:
in smaller towns. As a result, cathedral schools migrated to large cities, like
8223:
8142:
8012:
7828:
7720:
7702:
7679:
7574:
7473:
7448:
7394:
7126:
7071:
7025:
6978:
6958:
6802:
6725:
6503:
6403:
6199:
6088:
6034:
5967:
5947:
5706:
5547:
5325:
5254:
5102:
5037:
4823:
4813:
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4784:
4464:
4359:
4243:
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3756:
3635:
3610:
3582:
3513:
3317:
3142:
2936:
2911:
2875:
2815:
2808:
2803:
2793:
2647:
2632:
2571:
2447:
2437:
2193:
2002:
The Manuale Scholarium: An Original Account of Life in the Mediaeval University
789:
784:
713:
565:
468:
in Italy is the world's oldest state-funded university in continuous operation.
195:
35:
2510:
1897:
A History of the University in Europe. Vol. I: Universities in the Middle Ages
1055:
A History of the University in Europe. Vol. 1: Universities in the Middle Ages
704:
456:
8258:
8173:
8002:
7928:
7840:
7641:
7489:
7418:
7389:
7377:
6885:
6428:
6359:
6209:
5917:
5557:
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5217:
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3127:
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3037:
2720:
2695:
2471:
2381:
2366:
2288:
1537:
1331:
1185:
924:
923:
This led to uneasy tensions with secular authorities—the demarcation between
872:
830:
780:
684:
651:
Initially medieval universities did not have physical facilities such as the
532:
176:
138:
1170:"From Jami'ah to University: Multiculturalism and Christian–Muslim Dialogue"
1117:
Rüegg, Walter (1992). "Foreword. The University as a European Institution".
8168:
7860:
7845:
7785:
7651:
7499:
7468:
7372:
7354:
7051:
6948:
6752:
6241:
6189:
6120:
6110:
5791:
5723:
5588:
5484:
5192:
5127:
5057:
5047:
4974:
4874:
4843:
4619:
4568:
4336:
4278:
4175:
3946:
3863:
3819:
3814:
3804:
3615:
3542:
3311:
3186:
3042:
3006:
2745:
2667:
2511:
2257:
2252:
2247:
2235:
1787:
1770:
1033:. Columbia: University of South Carolina Press. pp. 126–127, 282–298.
725:
619:
262:. In addition, tensions rose between the students of cathedral schools and
259:
208:
110:
94:
482:(1158) gave the first privileges to students in Bologna. Another step was
437:
7772:
7458:
7202:
6905:
6812:
6694:
6543:
6293:
6256:
6105:
5957:
5932:
5829:
5388:
5244:
5117:
5097:
5092:
5087:
5072:
4374:
4309:
4165:
4090:
4068:
3916:
3678:
3640:
3112:
2941:
2916:
2891:
2864:
2851:
2760:
2662:
2349:
1964:
1643:
1053:
Rüegg, Walter: "Foreword. The University as a European Institution", in:
666:, where students hired and paid for the teachers. The second type was in
644:
611:
591:
125:
54:
2076:
7992:
7599:
6777:
6663:
6391:
6130:
5927:
5583:
5515:
5082:
5077:
4901:
4828:
4444:
4364:
3995:
2896:
2481:
1235:
947:
772:
740:
640:
603:
553:
290:
62:
1294:
793:
was the standard textbook for grammar; also studied were the works of
7715:
7344:
7086:
6855:
6548:
6396:
6231:
6221:
6214:
6172:
6167:
5962:
5922:
5187:
5182:
5152:
4848:
4611:
4595:
4580:
4424:
4314:
4192:
4182:
4050:
3829:
1565:
Rebirth, Reform and Resilience: Universities in Transition, 1300-1700
1214:
Makdisi, George (1970). "Madrasa and University in the Middle Ages".
908:
883:
863:
809:
were used for the study of rhetoric. Studied books on logic included
764:
576:
298:
246:
61:. The first Western European institutions generally considered to be
1600:
Rebirth, reform and resilience: Universities in transition 1300–1700
1271:
The Rise of Colleges. Institutions of Learning in Islam and the West
1227:
779:
Much of medieval thought in philosophy and theology can be found in
187:
and becoming the pre-eminent model for higher education everywhere.
8198:
7948:
7594:
7121:
6998:
6875:
5937:
5806:
5427:
5335:
5162:
4261:
3630:
3355:
2710:
2464:
2452:
1615:
Medieval Violence: Physical Brutality in Northern France, 1270-1330
1286:
935:
851:
847:
794:
675:
584:
537:
518:
514:
434:(1413) begun as private corporations of teachers and their pupils.
282:
106:
98:
3371:
1169:
7963:
7958:
7554:
7549:
6762:
6637:
6246:
6226:
6083:
5972:
5132:
3970:
3844:
3787:
2967:
2581:
2203:
1837:
Pedersen (1997), Chapter 10: "Curricula and intellectual trends".
814:
734:
607:
328:
286:
267:
65:
were established in present-day Italy, including the Kingdoms of
34:
Illustration from a 16th-century manuscript showing a meeting of
521:
had the right to teach everywhere without further examinations (
7463:
7317:
7286:
5453:
5285:
4590:
4575:
4519:
4486:
3133:
Pope Pius XII 1942 consecration to the Immaculate Heart of Mary
2576:
2486:
2391:
2092:
The Rise of Universities (classic), Charles Homer Haskins, 1923
2045:
The Educational Legacy of Mediaeval and Renaissance Traditions.
652:
615:
317:
234:
6179:
5639:
5578:
5535:
5383:
4551:
4515:
1076:
The New Cambridge Medieval History. Volume V: c. 1198–c. 1300
887:
732:
and students were expected to converse in that language. The
729:
549:
445:
275:
144:—that is, the corporation of students and masters—within the
141:
1010:
4556:
4275:
1673:
Leff, G.; North, J.; "Chapter 10: The Faculty of Arts", in
1369:
Europe in the course of the eleventh and twelfth centuries.
271:
223:
2050:
From Manuscript to Print: Evolution of the Mediaeval Book.
1632:
from the original on 15 May 2018 – via Google Books.
1074:
Verger, Jacques. "The Universities and Scholasticism," in
3022:
Dechristianization of France during the French Revolution
1443:. Vol. 4. Torino: UTET. 7 August 1981. p. 122.
843:
544:
was constructed in three phases and concluded in c. 1378.
227:
102:
93:
between the 11th and 15th centuries for the study of the
861:
A popular textbook for theological study was called the
2028:. Vol. 8. Stuttgart: J.B. Metzler. cols:1249–1255.
1947:
History of the University of Cambridge, Boydell, 2018.
1602:(Columbus, Ohio State University Press, 1984), p. 164.
1358:. Vol. 1. Oxford: Clarendon Press. pp. 17–18
1252:
The scholarship on these differences is summarized in
342:
Among the earliest universities of this type were the
3053:
Dogma of the Immaculate Conception of the Virgin Mary
2072:
Cambridge, A Brief History: The Mediaeval University.
493:
The University of Paris was formally recognized when
179:-style organizational form gradually spread from the
2040:
The Shift of Medical Education into the Universities
1677:; Ruegg, W. (ed.), Cambridge University Press, 1992.
1567:, Columbus: Ohio State University Press, 1984, p. 68
674:
in 1538 and the subsequent removal of all principal
1746:
Geschichte der Universität in Europa 1: Mittelalter
988:
List of oldest universities in continuous operation
934:Most universities in Europe were recognized by the
2126:
1931:Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press, 1972.
1468:(in Italian). Mario Adda Editore. pp. 9–10.
450:world's oldest university in continuous operation
8256:
3123:Persecutions of the Catholic Church and Pius XII
2077:Mediaeval Science, the Church, and Universities
602:of the 16th and 17th centuries. As he puts it "
23:. For an overview of medieval foundations, see
2009:University Records and Life in the Middle Ages
1520:Universities and Schooling in Medieval Society
1314:Universities and Schooling in Medieval Society
1258:(2nd ed.). pp. 149–159, pp. 179–189.
281:S. F. Alatas has noted some parallels between
7302:
6679:
6353:Architecture of cathedrals and great churches
6052:
5469:
3387:
2112:
2011:, New York: Columbia University Press, 1975,
1987:The Universities of Europe in the Middle Ages
1984:; revd. by Powicke, F. M., and Emden, A. B.:
1881:Columbus: Ohio State University Press, 1999.
1662:The Universities of Europe in the Middle Ages
1355:The Universities of Europe in the Middle Ages
907:As students had the legal status of clerics,
771:(a former university building in present-day
109:. These universities evolved from much older
1382:"10 of the Oldest Universities in the World"
572:, were products of the medieval university.
2004:, Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1921
1990:, 3 vols. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1987,
1941:Lee, John S., and Steer, Christian (eds.),
1914:Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1998.
1743:
1730:
1728:
1700:
1698:
1696:
1466:Storia dello Studium di Napoli in età sveva
1463:
1078:. Cambridge University Press, 2007. p. 257.
957:
951:
939:
163:
157:
151:
145:
132:
124:for higher education in Europe held by the
7309:
7295:
6686:
6672:
5476:
5462:
5316:International Alliance of Catholic Knights
3394:
3380:
3138:Dogma of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary
3088:Prayer of Consecration to the Sacred Heart
2119:
2105:
1879:English University Life in the Middle Ages
1805:The University in Medieval Life, 1179-1499
879:'s degree could be awarded along the way.
321:Teaching at Paris, in a late 14th-century
1786:
1768:
1412:"The 13 Oldest Universities In The World"
1152:
6693:
1748:(in German). München: Beck. p. 63.
1725:
1693:
1489:
1487:
1485:
1348:
1275:Journal of the American Oriental Society
763:
712:University studies took six years for a
703:
630:
531:
503:(1231). This was a revolutionary step:
455:
436:
316:
194:
29:
2022:Verger, Jacques (1999). "Universität".
1213:
1024:
1022:
183:across the globe, eventually replacing
8257:
3775:
2021:
1268:
1167:
1141:
962:, an entitlement to teach everywhere.
833:). The standard work of astronomy was
635:Diagrams, in a volume of treatises on
185:all other higher-learning institutions
7290:
6667:
5457:
3375:
2100:
1971:, Cambridge University Press, 1931,
1801:
1611:
1513:
1482:
1409:
1307:
1119:A History of the University in Europe
1116:
1028:
165:universitas magistrorum et scholarium
8239:
8089:Ancient higher-learning institutions
2060:Mediaeval History: A Mediaeval Atlas
1900:, Cambridge University Press, 1992,
1864:Rashdall 1987, vol. 1, ch. I, p. 8.
1642:
1100:, 3 vols., Munich: C.H. Beck, 1993,
1098:Geschichte der Universität in Europa
1057:, Cambridge University Press, 1992,
1019:
972:Ancient higher-learning institutions
21:Ancient higher-learning institutions
7271:
6716:Decline of the Western Roman Empire
3401:
2992:Suppression of the Society of Jesus
1961:, Cambridge University Press, 1997.
1944:Commemoration in Medieval Cambridge
1769:Tkachenko, Rostislav (2017-06-16).
1744:Rüegg, Walter; Briggs, Asa (1993).
1016:de Ridder-Symoens (1992), pp. 47–55
708:A university class, Bologna (1350s)
13:
6808:Growth of the Eastern Roman Empire
2547:Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran
2007:Thorndike, Lynn (trans. and ed.):
2000:Seybolt, Robert Francis (trans.):
1612:Skoda, Hannah (21 February 2013).
1269:Daniel, Norman (1984). "Review of
929:University of Paris strike of 1229
815:introduction to Aristotelian logic
699:
626:
309:) versus the European university.
14:
8296:
7238:Historiography in the Middle Ages
2033:
1855:Rashdall ( 1987), vol. 3, p. 360.
1846:Rashdall ( 1987), vol. 3, p. 352.
448:, established in AD 1088, is the
150:, and it was always modified, as
8238:
8229:
8228:
8217:
7316:
7270:
7261:
7260:
7250:
6648:
6647:
6636:
5764:State church of the Roman Empire
5483:
5438:
5437:
5426:
5394:Society of Saint Vincent de Paul
4942:Criticism of the Catholic Church
3354:
3342:
2673:Fourth Council of Constantinople
2628:Second Council of Constantinople
1253:
1203:from the original on 2017-09-23.
983:Ancient universities of Scotland
916:, and were thus immune from any
466:University of Naples Federico II
462:Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor
312:
6736:Christianity in the Middle Ages
6731:Decline of Hellenistic religion
5747:First seven ecumenical councils
3561:First seven ecumenical councils
2643:Third Council of Constantinople
2567:First Council of Constantinople
1969:Life in the Medieval University
1871:
1858:
1849:
1840:
1831:
1822:
1795:
1762:
1737:
1716:
1707:
1688:Life in the Medieval University
1680:
1667:
1654:
1648:Life in the Medieval University
1636:
1605:
1592:
1583:
1570:
1557:
1544:
1507:
1457:
1433:
1422:from the original on 2017-10-01
1403:
1392:from the original on 2017-02-11
1374:
1342:
1301:
1262:
1246:
1207:
1161:
998:Renaissance of the 12th century
896:
137:originally applied only to the
8285:Types of university or college
8265:Medieval European universities
7014:Crisis of the late Middle Ages
6614:Relations with other religions
6020:Church of the East (Nestorian)
6015:Oriental Orthodox (Miaphysite)
4136:Separation of church and state
2882:Dissolution of the monasteries
2148:History of the Catholic Church
2055:Life of the Students at Paris.
1146:
1135:
1110:
1090:
1081:
1068:
1047:
672:Dissolution of the Monasteries
199:A map of medieval universities
190:
97:and the higher disciplines of
1:
7188:Disability in the Middle Ages
6861:Rise of the Republic of Genoa
6793:Rise of the Venetian Republic
2756:Fourth Council of the Lateran
2731:Second Council of the Lateran
2340:Apostles in the New Testament
1578:Rise of Early Modern science,
1003:
25:List of medieval universities
7495:University technical college
2870:Catholic Counter-Reformation
2736:Third Council of the Lateran
2726:First Council of the Lateran
2182:Catholic ecumenical councils
1552:Rise of early modern science
1464:Delle Donne, Fulvio (2010).
1256:Rise of Early Modern Science
1157:. New York: Robert Appleton.
416:Charles University in Prague
324:Grandes Chroniques de France
7:
8275:Medieval European education
6321:Views on poverty and wealth
965:
869:Quattuor libri sententiarum
690:
10:
8301:
7424:College-preparatory school
6989:Rise of the Ottoman Empire
6566:World Evangelical Alliance
6528:Traditionalist Catholicism
5433:Catholic Church portal
2216:History of the Roman Curia
900:
829:by Petrus Hispanus (later
18:
8212:
8191:
8161:
8124:
8084:
8077:
8021:
7980:
7924:
7915:
7878:
7869:
7809:
7802:
7664:
7629:
7540:
7517:
7508:
7434:Comprehensive high school
7404:
7363:
7335:
7325:
7246:
7175:
7034:
6929:
6916:Mongol invasion of Europe
6821:
6701:
6631:
6581:
6561:World Council of Churches
6536:
6454:
6338:
6329:
6284:
6069:
6053:
6048:Latter Day Saint movement
6033:
5993:
5893:
5874:
5820:
5777:
5722:
5628:
5607:
5566:
5534:
5491:
5421:
5359:Aid to the Church in Need
5349:
5206:
5019:
4980:Vatican Television Center
4955:
4865:
4755:
4625:Eastern Catholic Churches
4606:
4495:
4388:
4335:
4260:
4231:
4156:
4081:
4016:
3961:
3880:
3750:
3664:
3596:
3541:
3460:
3437:
3409:
3337:
3237:
3103:
3030:
2965:
2952:European wars of religion
2849:
2784:
2686:
2608:
2499:
2422:
2282:
2271:
2263:Eastern Catholic Churches
2138:
1929:The Rise of Universities.
1808:. McFarland. p. 52.
1722:Rait (1912), pp. 138–139.
769:Universitas Istropolitana
400:University of Northampton
372:University of Montpellier
331:students sit on the floor
7791:State-integrated school
7665:By funding / eligibility
7444:Continuation high school
6589:Anti-Christian sentiment
5769:Christian biblical canon
5301:Communion and Liberation
4765:Eastern Catholic liturgy
3930:Mystici Corporis Christi
3858:Sixto-Clementine Vulgate
3083:Mary of the Divine Heart
2706:Clash against the empire
2658:Second Council of Nicaea
2552:Old St. Peter's Basilica
2025:Lexikon des Mittelalters
1892:De Ridder-Symoens, Hilde
1686:Rait, Robert S. (1912);
1514:Pryds, Darleen (2000). "
1308:Pryds, Darleen (2000). "
1186:10.1177/0011392106058837
432:University of St Andrews
396:University of Valladolid
8204:Educational institution
7824:Anarchistic free school
7570:Institute of technology
6871:Investiture Controversy
6841:Second Bulgarian Empire
6643:Christianity portal
5802:Investiture Controversy
4116:Philosophy of canon law
4046:Mariology of the saints
3626:Investiture Controversy
3349:Vatican City portal
2701:Investiture Controversy
2557:First Council of Nicaea
460:Established in 1224 by
420:Jagiellonian University
368:University of Salamanca
364:University of Cambridge
153:universitas magistrorum
8280:Medieval organizations
8034:Compensatory education
7786:State or public school
7612:Upper division college
7228:Post-classical history
6984:Fall of Constantinople
6891:Capet–Plantagenet feud
6758:First Bulgarian Empire
6594:Christian universalism
5985:Western Rite Orthodoxy
5830:Protestant Reformation
5369:Catholic Charities USA
5003:Acta Apostolicae Sedis
4991:Vatican Polyglot Press
4041:Mariology of the popes
3679:Protestant Reformation
3361:Catholicism portal
3172:Second Vatican Council
3058:Our Lady of La Salette
2865:Protestant Reformation
2852:Protestant Reformation
2771:Second Council of Lyon
2160:Ecclesiastical history
1925:Haskins, Charles Homer
1788:10.22240/sent36.01.017
1504:, Istanbul, 2007, p. 5
1168:Alatas, S. F. (2006).
1029:Riché, Pierre (1978).
958:
952:
940:
776:
709:
648:
545:
542:Merton College, Oxford
540:group of buildings in
469:
453:
408:University of Macerata
384:University of Toulouse
360:University of Palencia
332:
200:
164:
159:universitas scholarium
158:
152:
146:
133:
73:, and the Kingdoms of
42:
7690:Comprehensive school
7617:Vocational university
6252:Anointing of the Sick
5123:Good Shepherd Sisters
4965:Holy See Press Office
4203:Doctors of the Church
4036:Immaculate Conception
3991:Anointing of the Sick
3526:History of the papacy
3068:First Vatican Council
2766:First Council of Lyon
2530:Constantine the Great
2226:Christian monasticism
1155:Catholic Encyclopedia
1096:Rüegg, Walter (ed.):
901:Further information:
886:, or a book from the
767:
707:
634:
600:Scientific Revolution
535:
459:
440:
428:Heidelberg University
404:University of Coimbra
388:University of Orleans
344:University of Bologna
320:
245:and the study of the
198:
53:organized during the
33:
8153:in the United States
8044:Continuing education
8039:Compulsory education
7883:Free school movement
7851:Single-sex education
7836:International school
7819:Democratic education
7698:For-profit education
7685:Community day school
7580:Liberal arts college
7439:Comprehensive school
7429:Collegiate institute
7208:Medieval reenactment
7004:Renaissance Humanism
6911:Medieval Warm Period
6881:Republic of Florence
6695:European Middle Ages
6573:Nondenominationalism
6446:Role in civilization
5913:Independent Catholic
5855:Relations with Islam
5835:Catholic Reformation
4996:L'Osservatore Romano
4934:Role in civilisation
4660:Croatian and Serbian
4408:Episcopal conference
4370:St. Peter's Basilica
3728:Sexual abuse scandal
3684:Catholic Reformation
3245:Sexual abuse scandal
3154:Mit brennender Sorge
2997:Age of Enlightenment
2776:Bernard of Clairvaux
2653:Byzantine Iconoclasm
2592:Council of Chalcedon
2372:Council of Jerusalem
2241:Role in civilization
2221:Religious institutes
2153:By country or region
1802:Janin, Hunt (2014).
1734:Rait (1912), p. 139.
1704:Rait (1912), p. 138.
1598:James M. Kittleson,
1273:by George Makdisi".
977:Ancient universities
914:ecclesiastical court
856:University of Prague
836:Tractatus de sphaera
819:Gilbert de la Porrée
596:Renaissance humanism
424:University of Vienna
380:University of Naples
356:University of Modena
352:University of Oxford
128:are a useful guide.
57:for the purposes of
8270:History of academia
8162:Informal or illegal
8116:Medieval university
8059:Inclusive education
8029:College preparatory
7590:Residential college
7585:Research university
7522:Professional school
7397:/ Elementary school
6921:Kingdom of Portugal
6788:Old Church Slavonic
6773:Anglo-Saxon England
6619:Unlimited atonement
6604:Cultural Christians
6043:Jehovah's Witnesses
5665:Sermon on the Mount
5594:Christian tradition
5521:Lists of Christians
5331:Neocatechumenal Way
5296:Charismatic Renewal
5010:Annuario Pontificio
4608:Particular churches
4284:Ecumenical councils
4056:Perpetual virginity
3891:Communitas perfecta
3835:Sermon on the Mount
3073:Papal infallibility
3063:Our Lady of Lourdes
3012:Shimabara Rebellion
2856:Counter-Reformation
1910:Ferruolo, Stephen:
1660:Hastings Rashdall,
993:Nation (university)
918:corporal punishment
803:Eberhard of Béthune
392:University of Siena
376:University of Padua
348:University of Paris
285:and early European
181:medieval Latin west
173:Early Modern period
47:medieval university
40:University of Paris
8224:Schools portal
8129:indigenous peoples
8126:Schools imposed on
8064:Remedial education
7998:Distance education
7814:Alternative school
7803:By style / purpose
7778:Specialist school
7637:All-through school
7485:Sixth form college
7102:In popular culture
7067:Crusading movement
6939:Hundred Years' War
6798:Civitas Schinesghe
6783:Carolingian Empire
6768:Kingdom of Croatia
6721:Barbarian kingdoms
6464:Crusading movement
5732:Ante-Nicene period
5168:Premonstratensians
3551:Ante-Nicene period
3429:Lists of Catholics
3118:Our Lady of Fátima
2907:Ignatius of Loyola
2831:Catherine of Siena
2799:Pope Boniface VIII
2618:Benedict of Nursia
2587:Council of Ephesus
2424:Ante-Nicene period
2377:Split with Judaism
2211:Crusading movement
2065:2016-03-04 at the
1982:Rashdall, Hastings
1554:2nd ed. p. 180-181
1500:2008-02-16 at the
1350:Rashdall, Hastings
959:ius ubique docendi
827:Summulae Logicales
777:
724:, where the seven
710:
649:
570:Robert Grosseteste
546:
523:ius ubique docendi
500:Parens scientiarum
484:Pope Alexander III
470:
454:
442:Bologna University
412:University of Pisa
333:
297:. George Makdisi,
220:scholae monasticae
205:Medieval Christian
201:
43:
8252:
8251:
8187:
8186:
8069:Special education
8049:Further education
7976:
7975:
7972:
7971:
7911:
7910:
7898:Montessori school
7893:Laboratory school
7856:Specialist school
7794:
7781:
7726:UK private school
7711:
7693:
7675:
7660:
7659:
7625:
7624:
7560:Community college
7532:Vocational school
7414:Adult high school
7328:educational stage
7284:
7283:
7193:Basic topics list
6994:Swiss mercenaries
6944:Wars of the Roses
6851:Kingdom of Poland
6836:Holy Roman Empire
6703:Early Middle Ages
6661:
6660:
6627:
6626:
6555:Charta Oecumenica
6065:
6064:
6055:Iglesia ni Cristo
5870:
5869:
5850:French Revolution
5840:Thirty Years' War
5712:Apostolic fathers
5680:Great Commandment
5451:
5450:
4861:
4860:
4254:
4077:
4076:
3769:
3746:
3745:
3738:COVID-19 pandemic
3708:French Revolution
3698:Thirty Years' War
3606:Islamic conquests
3519:Apostolic fathers
3454:
3369:
3368:
3329:COVID-19 pandemic
3307:Pope Benedict XVI
3212:Pope John Paul II
2987:Pope Benedict XIV
2973:French Revolution
2957:Thirty Years' War
2947:Robert Bellarmine
2932:John of the Cross
2836:Pope Alexander VI
2821:Council of Vienne
2751:Francis of Assisi
2741:Pope Innocent III
2610:Early Middle Ages
2604:
2603:
2600:
2599:
2542:Arian controversy
2495:
2494:
2443:Apostolic Fathers
1815:978-0-7864-5201-9
1410:Seelinger, Lani.
1241:like it anywhere.
1174:Current Sociology
946:, testified by a
903:Tenure (academic)
823:De sex principiis
509:(university) and
479:Authentica Habita
336:Hastings Rashdall
295:Emirate of Sicily
212:cathedral schools
114:cathedral schools
8292:
8242:
8241:
8232:
8231:
8222:
8221:
8220:
8111:Cathedral school
8094:Platonic Academy
8082:
8081:
8054:Gifted education
8008:Prison education
7954:Parochial school
7939:Christian school
7922:
7921:
7888:Folk high school
7876:
7875:
7807:
7806:
7792:
7780:(United Kingdom)
7779:
7763:Selective school
7709:
7691:
7673:
7527:Technical school
7515:
7514:
7479:Secondary school
7383:Global influence
7350:Pre-kindergarten
7333:
7332:
7311:
7304:
7297:
7288:
7287:
7274:
7273:
7264:
7263:
7254:
7213:Medieval studies
7057:Church and State
6931:Late Middle Ages
6823:High Middle Ages
6741:Christianization
6711:Migration Period
6688:
6681:
6674:
6665:
6664:
6651:
6650:
6641:
6640:
6484:Environmentalism
6434:Church buildings
6336:
6335:
6151:Eastern Orthodox
6146:Eastern Catholic
6058:
6057:
6025:Eastern Catholic
6003:Eastern Orthodox
5891:
5890:
5812:Age of Discovery
5797:East–West Schism
5695:Great Commission
5626:
5625:
5478:
5471:
5464:
5455:
5454:
5441:
5440:
5431:
5430:
5173:Redemptoristines
5021:Religious orders
4947:Anti-Catholicism
4897:Church buildings
4757:Catholic liturgy
4497:Consecrated life
4355:Apostolic Palace
4322:Synod of Bishops
4258:
4257:
4234:
3840:Ten Commandments
3773:
3772:
3755:
3656:Age of Discovery
3490:Great Commission
3458:
3457:
3442:
3396:
3389:
3382:
3373:
3372:
3359:
3358:
3347:
3346:
3345:
3324:Patriarch Kirill
3197:Pope John Paul I
3002:Anti-clericalism
2982:Pope Innocent XI
2902:Society of Jesus
2887:Council of Trent
2841:Age of Discovery
2786:Late Middle Ages
2688:High Middle Ages
2678:East–West Schism
2562:Pope Sylvester I
2508:
2507:
2497:
2496:
2407:General epistles
2402:Pauline epistles
2335:John the Baptist
2318:Great Commission
2280:
2279:
2231:Catholic culture
2121:
2114:
2107:
2098:
2097:
2029:
1957:Pedersen, Olaf,
1877:Cobban, Alan B.
1865:
1862:
1856:
1853:
1847:
1844:
1838:
1835:
1829:
1828:Pedersen (1997).
1826:
1820:
1819:
1799:
1793:
1792:
1790:
1766:
1760:
1759:
1741:
1735:
1732:
1723:
1720:
1714:
1711:
1705:
1702:
1691:
1684:
1678:
1671:
1665:
1658:
1652:
1651:
1640:
1634:
1633:
1609:
1603:
1596:
1590:
1587:
1581:
1580:2nd ed., p. 344.
1574:
1568:
1561:
1555:
1548:
1542:
1541:
1511:
1505:
1491:
1480:
1479:
1461:
1455:
1454:
1437:
1431:
1430:
1428:
1427:
1407:
1401:
1400:
1398:
1397:
1386:Top Universities
1378:
1372:
1371:
1365:
1363:
1346:
1340:
1339:
1305:
1299:
1298:
1266:
1260:
1259:
1250:
1244:
1243:
1222:(32): 255–264 .
1211:
1205:
1204:
1202:
1165:
1159:
1158:
1150:
1144:
1139:
1133:
1132:
1114:
1108:
1094:
1088:
1085:
1079:
1072:
1066:
1051:
1045:
1044:
1026:
1017:
1014:
961:
955:
953:studium generale
945:
942:studia generalia
759:moral philosophy
718:Bachelor of Arts
562:High Middle Ages
527:Pope Nicholas IV
506:studium generale
497:issued the bull
488:licentia docendi
303:Christian Europe
251:Pope Gregory VII
239:Gregorian Reform
237:. Following the
216:monastic schools
167:
161:
155:
149:
136:
122:studia generalia
118:monastic schools
59:higher education
8300:
8299:
8295:
8294:
8293:
8291:
8290:
8289:
8255:
8254:
8253:
8248:
8218:
8216:
8208:
8183:
8157:
8148:in South Africa
8131:
8127:
8120:
8106:Monastic school
8073:
8017:
7988:Boarding school
7968:
7944:Female seminary
7934:Catholic school
7907:
7865:
7798:
7768:Separate school
7656:
7647:One-room school
7621:
7565:Graduate school
7536:
7504:
7400:
7359:
7337:Early childhood
7321:
7315:
7285:
7280:
7242:
7223:Neo-medievalism
7171:
7107:Itinerant court
7030:
6925:
6846:Georgian Empire
6831:Norman Conquest
6817:
6763:Frankish Empire
6697:
6692:
6662:
6657:
6635:
6623:
6577:
6532:
6450:
6331:
6325:
6280:
6205:One true church
6061:
6029:
5989:
5878:
5866:
5816:
5773:
5718:
5645:in Christianity
5631:
5617:
5611:
5603:
5562:
5538:
5530:
5487:
5482:
5452:
5447:
5425:
5417:
5396:
5379:Relief Services
5345:
5291:Catholic Action
5281:Military orders
5218:Confraternities
5210:of the faithful
5209:
5202:
5024:
5015:
4951:
4857:
4751:
4610:
4602:
4535:Prior, Prioress
4491:
4384:
4380:Vatican Museums
4331:
4264:
4250:
4246:
4242:
4238:
4233:
4227:
4152:
4106:Social teaching
4073:
4012:
3957:
3912:One true church
3876:
3853:Sixtine Vulgate
3849:Official Bible
3763:
3759:
3754:
3742:
3660:
3592:
3537:
3507:Petrine primacy
3450:
3446:
3441:
3433:
3405:
3403:Catholic Church
3400:
3370:
3365:
3353:
3343:
3341:
3333:
3255:World Youth Day
3233:
3222:World Youth Day
3166:Pacem in terris
3160:Pope John XXIII
3099:
3026:
3017:Edict of Nantes
2975:
2971:
2961:
2927:Teresa of Ávila
2922:Tridentine Mass
2858:
2854:
2845:
2826:Knights Templar
2780:
2682:
2638:Gregorian chant
2596:
2522:
2519:
2516:
2514:
2503:
2491:
2418:
2287:
2275:
2267:
2134:
2132:Catholic Church
2125:
2067:Wayback Machine
2036:
1965:Rait, Robert S.
1874:
1869:
1868:
1863:
1859:
1854:
1850:
1845:
1841:
1836:
1832:
1827:
1823:
1816:
1800:
1796:
1767:
1763:
1756:
1742:
1738:
1733:
1726:
1721:
1717:
1712:
1708:
1703:
1694:
1685:
1681:
1672:
1668:
1659:
1655:
1644:Rait, Robert S.
1641:
1637:
1626:
1610:
1606:
1597:
1593:
1588:
1584:
1575:
1571:
1562:
1558:
1549:
1545:
1530:
1512:
1508:
1502:Wayback Machine
1492:
1483:
1476:
1462:
1458:
1451:
1441:Storia d'Italia
1439:
1438:
1434:
1425:
1423:
1408:
1404:
1395:
1393:
1380:
1379:
1375:
1361:
1359:
1347:
1343:
1324:
1306:
1302:
1267:
1263:
1251:
1247:
1228:10.2307/1595223
1216:Studia Islamica
1212:
1208:
1200:
1180:(1): 112–132 .
1166:
1162:
1151:
1147:
1140:
1136:
1129:
1115:
1111:
1095:
1091:
1086:
1082:
1073:
1069:
1052:
1048:
1041:
1027:
1020:
1015:
1011:
1006:
968:
905:
899:
722:faculty of arts
702:
700:Course of study
693:
637:natural science
629:
627:Characteristics
495:Pope Gregory IX
430:(1386) and the
315:
241:'s emphasis on
193:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
8298:
8288:
8287:
8282:
8277:
8272:
8267:
8250:
8249:
8247:
8246:
8236:
8226:
8213:
8210:
8209:
8207:
8206:
8201:
8195:
8193:
8192:Related topics
8189:
8188:
8185:
8184:
8182:
8181:
8179:in South Tyrol
8176:
8171:
8165:
8163:
8159:
8158:
8156:
8155:
8150:
8145:
8143:in New Zealand
8140:
8134:
8132:
8125:
8122:
8121:
8119:
8118:
8113:
8108:
8103:
8102:
8101:
8096:
8085:
8079:
8075:
8074:
8072:
8071:
8066:
8061:
8056:
8051:
8046:
8041:
8036:
8031:
8025:
8023:
8019:
8018:
8016:
8015:
8013:Virtual school
8010:
8005:
8000:
7995:
7990:
7984:
7982:
7978:
7977:
7974:
7973:
7970:
7969:
7967:
7966:
7961:
7956:
7951:
7946:
7941:
7936:
7931:
7925:
7919:
7913:
7912:
7909:
7908:
7906:
7905:
7903:Waldorf school
7900:
7895:
7890:
7885:
7879:
7873:
7867:
7866:
7864:
7863:
7858:
7853:
7848:
7843:
7838:
7833:
7832:
7831:
7829:Sudbury school
7826:
7816:
7810:
7804:
7800:
7799:
7797:
7796:
7788:
7783:
7775:
7770:
7765:
7760:
7759:
7758:
7753:
7748:
7740:
7739:
7738:
7733:
7723:
7721:Private school
7718:
7713:
7705:
7703:Free education
7700:
7695:
7687:
7682:
7680:Charter school
7677:
7668:
7666:
7662:
7661:
7658:
7657:
7655:
7654:
7649:
7644:
7639:
7633:
7631:
7627:
7626:
7623:
7622:
7620:
7619:
7614:
7609:
7608:
7607:
7597:
7592:
7587:
7582:
7577:
7575:Junior college
7572:
7567:
7562:
7557:
7552:
7546:
7544:
7538:
7537:
7535:
7534:
7529:
7524:
7518:
7512:
7506:
7505:
7503:
7502:
7497:
7492:
7487:
7482:
7476:
7474:Minor seminary
7471:
7466:
7461:
7456:
7451:
7449:Grammar school
7446:
7441:
7436:
7431:
7426:
7421:
7416:
7410:
7408:
7402:
7401:
7399:
7398:
7395:Primary school
7392:
7387:
7386:
7385:
7375:
7369:
7367:
7361:
7360:
7358:
7357:
7352:
7347:
7341:
7339:
7330:
7323:
7322:
7314:
7313:
7306:
7299:
7291:
7282:
7281:
7279:
7278:
7268:
7258:
7247:
7244:
7243:
7241:
7240:
7235:
7230:
7225:
7220:
7218:Misconceptions
7215:
7210:
7205:
7200:
7195:
7190:
7185:
7179:
7177:
7173:
7172:
7170:
7169:
7164:
7159:
7154:
7149:
7144:
7139:
7134:
7129:
7124:
7119:
7114:
7109:
7104:
7099:
7094:
7089:
7084:
7079:
7074:
7069:
7064:
7059:
7054:
7049:
7044:
7038:
7036:
7032:
7031:
7029:
7028:
7026:Little Ice Age
7023:
7022:
7021:
7011:
7006:
7001:
6996:
6991:
6986:
6981:
6979:Western Schism
6976:
6971:
6966:
6961:
6956:
6951:
6946:
6941:
6935:
6933:
6927:
6926:
6924:
6923:
6918:
6913:
6908:
6903:
6898:
6893:
6888:
6883:
6878:
6873:
6868:
6863:
6858:
6853:
6848:
6843:
6838:
6833:
6827:
6825:
6819:
6818:
6816:
6815:
6810:
6805:
6800:
6795:
6790:
6785:
6780:
6775:
6770:
6765:
6760:
6755:
6750:
6745:
6744:
6743:
6733:
6728:
6726:Late antiquity
6723:
6718:
6713:
6707:
6705:
6699:
6698:
6691:
6690:
6683:
6676:
6668:
6659:
6658:
6656:
6655:
6645:
6632:
6629:
6628:
6625:
6624:
6622:
6621:
6616:
6611:
6606:
6601:
6596:
6591:
6585:
6583:
6579:
6578:
6576:
6575:
6570:
6569:
6568:
6563:
6558:
6546:
6540:
6538:
6534:
6533:
6531:
6530:
6525:
6520:
6515:
6510:
6501:
6496:
6494:Fundamentalism
6491:
6489:Existentialism
6486:
6481:
6476:
6471:
6466:
6460:
6458:
6452:
6451:
6449:
6448:
6443:
6442:
6441:
6431:
6426:
6421:
6416:
6411:
6406:
6401:
6400:
6399:
6389:
6388:
6387:
6382:
6380:God the Father
6377:
6372:
6367:
6357:
6356:
6355:
6344:
6342:
6333:
6327:
6326:
6324:
6323:
6318:
6313:
6312:
6311:
6301:
6296:
6290:
6288:
6282:
6281:
6279:
6278:
6277:
6276:
6266:
6261:
6260:
6259:
6254:
6249:
6244:
6239:
6234:
6229:
6219:
6218:
6217:
6212:
6207:
6202:
6200:Body of Christ
6197:
6187:
6182:
6177:
6176:
6175:
6165:
6160:
6159:
6158:
6153:
6148:
6143:
6133:
6128:
6123:
6118:
6113:
6108:
6103:
6102:
6101:
6096:
6091:
6086:
6075:
6073:
6067:
6066:
6063:
6062:
6060:
6059:
6050:
6045:
6039:
6037:
6035:Restorationist
6031:
6030:
6028:
6027:
6022:
6017:
6012:
6011:
6010:
5999:
5997:
5991:
5990:
5988:
5987:
5982:
5981:
5980:
5975:
5970:
5965:
5960:
5955:
5950:
5945:
5940:
5935:
5930:
5925:
5915:
5910:
5905:
5899:
5897:
5888:
5872:
5871:
5868:
5867:
5865:
5864:
5863:
5862:
5852:
5847:
5842:
5837:
5832:
5826:
5824:
5818:
5817:
5815:
5814:
5809:
5804:
5799:
5794:
5789:
5783:
5781:
5775:
5774:
5772:
5771:
5766:
5761:
5760:
5759:
5754:
5744:
5739:
5737:Late antiquity
5734:
5728:
5726:
5720:
5719:
5717:
5716:
5715:
5714:
5707:Church fathers
5704:
5699:
5698:
5697:
5692:
5687:
5682:
5677:
5672:
5667:
5662:
5657:
5652:
5647:
5636:
5634:
5623:
5605:
5604:
5602:
5601:
5596:
5591:
5586:
5581:
5576:
5570:
5568:
5564:
5563:
5561:
5560:
5555:
5550:
5544:
5542:
5532:
5531:
5529:
5528:
5523:
5518:
5513:
5508:
5503:
5498:
5492:
5489:
5488:
5481:
5480:
5473:
5466:
5458:
5449:
5448:
5446:
5445:
5435:
5422:
5419:
5418:
5416:
5415:
5410:
5405:
5400:
5397:
5391:
5386:
5381:
5376:
5371:
5366:
5361:
5355:
5353:
5347:
5346:
5344:
5343:
5338:
5333:
5328:
5326:Legion of Mary
5323:
5318:
5313:
5308:
5303:
5298:
5293:
5288:
5283:
5278:
5277:
5276:
5275:
5274:
5264:
5263:
5262:
5255:Lay Carmelites
5252:
5242:
5241:
5240:
5235:
5230:
5225:
5214:
5212:
5204:
5203:
5201:
5200:
5195:
5190:
5185:
5180:
5175:
5170:
5165:
5160:
5155:
5150:
5145:
5140:
5135:
5130:
5125:
5120:
5115:
5110:
5105:
5103:Conceptionists
5100:
5095:
5090:
5085:
5080:
5075:
5070:
5065:
5060:
5055:
5050:
5045:
5040:
5038:Assumptionists
5034:
5032:
5017:
5016:
5014:
5013:
5006:
4999:
4992:
4989:
4988:
4987:
4982:
4977:
4967:
4961:
4959:
4953:
4952:
4950:
4949:
4944:
4939:
4936:
4931:
4926:
4921:
4916:
4911:
4906:
4905:
4904:
4894:
4889:
4884:
4883:
4882:
4871:
4869:
4863:
4862:
4859:
4858:
4856:
4855:
4854:
4853:
4852:
4851:
4846:
4841:
4836:
4826:
4821:
4816:
4806:
4805:
4804:
4803:
4802:
4792:
4787:
4782:
4777:
4772:
4761:
4759:
4753:
4752:
4750:
4749:
4748:
4747:
4742:
4740:Syro-Malankara
4737:
4732:
4727:
4722:
4717:
4712:
4707:
4702:
4697:
4692:
4690:Italo-Albanian
4687:
4682:
4677:
4672:
4667:
4662:
4657:
4652:
4647:
4642:
4637:
4632:
4622:
4616:
4614:
4604:
4603:
4601:
4600:
4599:
4598:
4593:
4588:
4578:
4573:
4572:
4571:
4561:
4560:
4559:
4554:
4544:
4539:
4538:
4537:
4532:
4527:
4522:
4508:
4501:
4499:
4493:
4492:
4490:
4489:
4484:
4479:
4474:
4473:
4472:
4467:
4462:
4457:
4452:
4447:
4442:
4437:
4432:
4427:
4417:
4416:
4415:
4410:
4399:
4397:
4386:
4385:
4383:
4382:
4377:
4372:
4367:
4362:
4360:Lateran Treaty
4357:
4352:
4347:
4341:
4339:
4333:
4332:
4330:
4329:
4324:
4319:
4318:
4317:
4307:
4306:
4305:
4300:
4286:
4281:
4272:
4270:
4255:
4229:
4228:
4226:
4225:
4220:
4215:
4210:
4205:
4200:
4195:
4190:
4185:
4180:
4179:
4178:
4173:
4162:
4160:
4154:
4153:
4151:
4150:
4149:
4148:
4143:
4133:
4132:
4131:
4121:
4118:
4113:
4108:
4103:
4098:
4096:Moral theology
4093:
4087:
4085:
4079:
4078:
4075:
4074:
4072:
4071:
4066:
4063:
4058:
4053:
4048:
4043:
4038:
4033:
4028:
4022:
4020:
4014:
4013:
4011:
4010:
4005:
4000:
3999:
3998:
3988:
3983:
3978:
3973:
3967:
3965:
3959:
3958:
3956:
3955:
3950:
3943:
3938:
3933:
3926:
3921:
3920:
3919:
3914:
3904:
3899:
3894:
3886:
3884:
3878:
3877:
3875:
3874:
3869:
3868:
3867:
3860:
3855:
3847:
3842:
3837:
3832:
3827:
3822:
3817:
3812:
3807:
3802:
3797:
3796:
3795:
3790:
3779:
3777:
3770:
3748:
3747:
3744:
3743:
3741:
3740:
3735:
3730:
3725:
3720:
3715:
3710:
3705:
3700:
3695:
3694:
3693:
3692:
3691:
3681:
3670:
3668:
3662:
3661:
3659:
3658:
3653:
3648:
3643:
3638:
3633:
3628:
3623:
3618:
3613:
3611:Pope Gregory I
3608:
3602:
3600:
3594:
3593:
3591:
3590:
3585:
3583:Biblical canon
3580:
3578:Late antiquity
3575:
3574:
3573:
3568:
3558:
3553:
3547:
3545:
3539:
3538:
3536:
3535:
3534:
3533:
3523:
3522:
3521:
3514:Church fathers
3511:
3510:
3509:
3504:
3494:
3493:
3492:
3487:
3482:
3477:
3466:
3464:
3455:
3448:Ecclesiastical
3435:
3434:
3432:
3431:
3426:
3421:
3416:
3410:
3407:
3406:
3399:
3398:
3391:
3384:
3376:
3367:
3366:
3364:
3363:
3351:
3338:
3335:
3334:
3332:
3331:
3326:
3321:
3314:
3309:
3304:
3303:
3302:
3297:
3292:
3287:
3282:
3277:
3272:
3267:
3262:
3252:
3247:
3241:
3239:
3235:
3234:
3232:
3231:
3230:
3229:
3219:
3214:
3209:
3204:
3199:
3194:
3184:
3179:
3174:
3169:
3162:
3157:
3150:
3145:
3143:Lateran Treaty
3140:
3135:
3130:
3125:
3120:
3115:
3109:
3107:
3101:
3100:
3098:
3097:
3090:
3085:
3080:
3075:
3070:
3065:
3060:
3055:
3050:
3045:
3040:
3034:
3032:
3028:
3027:
3025:
3024:
3019:
3014:
3009:
3004:
2999:
2994:
2989:
2984:
2978:
2976:
2968:Baroque period
2966:
2963:
2962:
2960:
2959:
2954:
2949:
2944:
2939:
2937:Peter Canisius
2934:
2929:
2924:
2919:
2914:
2912:Francis Xavier
2909:
2904:
2899:
2894:
2889:
2884:
2879:
2876:Exsurge Domine
2872:
2867:
2861:
2859:
2850:
2847:
2846:
2844:
2843:
2838:
2833:
2828:
2823:
2818:
2816:Pope Clement V
2813:
2812:
2811:
2809:Avignon Papacy
2804:Western Schism
2801:
2796:
2794:Thomas Aquinas
2790:
2788:
2782:
2781:
2779:
2778:
2773:
2768:
2763:
2758:
2753:
2748:
2743:
2738:
2733:
2728:
2723:
2718:
2713:
2708:
2703:
2698:
2692:
2690:
2684:
2683:
2681:
2680:
2675:
2670:
2665:
2660:
2655:
2650:
2648:Saint Boniface
2645:
2640:
2635:
2633:Pope Gregory I
2630:
2625:
2620:
2614:
2612:
2606:
2605:
2602:
2601:
2598:
2597:
2595:
2594:
2589:
2584:
2579:
2574:
2572:Biblical canon
2569:
2564:
2559:
2554:
2549:
2544:
2539:
2538:
2537:
2526:
2524:
2505:
2501:Late antiquity
2493:
2492:
2490:
2489:
2484:
2479:
2474:
2469:
2468:
2467:
2462:
2461:
2460:
2455:
2450:
2448:Pope Clement I
2438:Church Fathers
2435:
2429:
2427:
2420:
2419:
2417:
2416:
2415:
2414:
2409:
2404:
2399:
2394:
2389:
2379:
2374:
2369:
2364:
2363:
2362:
2357:
2352:
2347:
2337:
2332:
2327:
2322:
2321:
2320:
2315:
2310:
2305:
2294:
2292:
2277:
2269:
2268:
2266:
2265:
2260:
2255:
2250:
2245:
2244:
2243:
2238:
2228:
2223:
2218:
2213:
2208:
2207:
2206:
2201:
2199:Biblical canon
2194:Catholic Bible
2191:
2190:
2189:
2179:
2178:
2177:
2167:
2162:
2157:
2156:
2155:
2144:
2142:
2136:
2135:
2124:
2123:
2116:
2109:
2101:
2095:
2094:
2089:
2079:
2074:
2069:
2057:
2052:
2047:
2042:
2035:
2034:External links
2032:
2031:
2030:
2019:
2005:
1998:
1979:
1962:
1955:
1939:
1922:
1908:
1889:
1873:
1870:
1867:
1866:
1857:
1848:
1839:
1830:
1821:
1814:
1794:
1761:
1754:
1736:
1724:
1715:
1706:
1692:
1679:
1666:
1653:
1635:
1624:
1618:. OUP Oxford.
1604:
1591:
1582:
1569:
1556:
1543:
1528:
1506:
1481:
1475:978-8880828419
1474:
1456:
1449:
1432:
1402:
1388:. 2016-09-16.
1373:
1341:
1322:
1300:
1287:10.2307/601679
1261:
1245:
1206:
1160:
1145:
1134:
1127:
1109:
1089:
1080:
1067:
1046:
1039:
1018:
1008:
1007:
1005:
1002:
1001:
1000:
995:
990:
985:
980:
974:
967:
964:
898:
895:
807:Cicero's works
790:Ars grammatica
785:Aelius Donatus
749:philosophies:
714:Master of Arts
701:
698:
692:
689:
628:
625:
623:understated."
566:Thomas Aquinas
314:
311:
192:
189:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
8297:
8286:
8283:
8281:
8278:
8276:
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8271:
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8266:
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8260:
8245:
8237:
8235:
8227:
8225:
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8211:
8205:
8202:
8200:
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8196:
8194:
8190:
8180:
8177:
8175:
8172:
8170:
8167:
8166:
8164:
8160:
8154:
8151:
8149:
8146:
8144:
8141:
8139:
8136:
8135:
8133:
8130:
8123:
8117:
8114:
8112:
8109:
8107:
8104:
8100:
8097:
8095:
8092:
8091:
8090:
8087:
8086:
8083:
8080:
8076:
8070:
8067:
8065:
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8060:
8057:
8055:
8052:
8050:
8047:
8045:
8042:
8040:
8037:
8035:
8032:
8030:
8027:
8026:
8024:
8020:
8014:
8011:
8009:
8006:
8004:
8003:Homeschooling
8001:
7999:
7996:
7994:
7991:
7989:
7986:
7985:
7983:
7979:
7965:
7962:
7960:
7957:
7955:
7952:
7950:
7947:
7945:
7942:
7940:
7937:
7935:
7932:
7930:
7929:Bible college
7927:
7926:
7923:
7920:
7918:
7914:
7904:
7901:
7899:
7896:
7894:
7891:
7889:
7886:
7884:
7881:
7880:
7877:
7874:
7872:
7868:
7862:
7859:
7857:
7854:
7852:
7849:
7847:
7844:
7842:
7841:Magnet school
7839:
7837:
7834:
7830:
7827:
7825:
7822:
7821:
7820:
7817:
7815:
7812:
7811:
7808:
7805:
7801:
7795:
7793:(New Zealand)
7789:
7787:
7784:
7782:
7776:
7774:
7771:
7769:
7766:
7764:
7761:
7757:
7756:international
7754:
7752:
7749:
7747:
7744:
7743:
7741:
7737:
7734:
7732:
7729:
7728:
7727:
7724:
7722:
7719:
7717:
7714:
7712:
7706:
7704:
7701:
7699:
7696:
7694:
7688:
7686:
7683:
7681:
7678:
7676:
7670:
7669:
7667:
7663:
7653:
7650:
7648:
7645:
7643:
7642:Middle school
7640:
7638:
7635:
7634:
7632:
7628:
7618:
7615:
7613:
7610:
7606:
7603:
7602:
7601:
7598:
7596:
7593:
7591:
7588:
7586:
7583:
7581:
7578:
7576:
7573:
7571:
7568:
7566:
7563:
7561:
7558:
7556:
7553:
7551:
7548:
7547:
7545:
7543:
7539:
7533:
7530:
7528:
7525:
7523:
7520:
7519:
7516:
7513:
7511:
7507:
7501:
7498:
7496:
7493:
7491:
7490:Studio school
7488:
7486:
7483:
7481:/ High school
7480:
7477:
7475:
7472:
7470:
7467:
7465:
7462:
7460:
7457:
7455:
7452:
7450:
7447:
7445:
7442:
7440:
7437:
7435:
7432:
7430:
7427:
7425:
7422:
7420:
7419:Cadet college
7417:
7415:
7412:
7411:
7409:
7407:
7403:
7396:
7393:
7391:
7390:Junior school
7388:
7384:
7381:
7380:
7379:
7378:Infant school
7376:
7374:
7371:
7370:
7368:
7366:
7362:
7356:
7353:
7351:
7348:
7346:
7343:
7342:
7340:
7338:
7334:
7331:
7329:
7324:
7319:
7312:
7307:
7305:
7300:
7298:
7293:
7292:
7289:
7277:
7269:
7267:
7259:
7257:
7253:
7249:
7248:
7245:
7239:
7236:
7234:
7231:
7229:
7226:
7224:
7221:
7219:
7216:
7214:
7211:
7209:
7206:
7204:
7201:
7199:
7196:
7194:
7191:
7189:
7186:
7184:
7181:
7180:
7178:
7174:
7168:
7165:
7163:
7160:
7158:
7155:
7153:
7150:
7148:
7145:
7143:
7140:
7138:
7135:
7133:
7130:
7128:
7125:
7123:
7120:
7118:
7115:
7113:
7110:
7108:
7105:
7103:
7100:
7098:
7095:
7093:
7090:
7088:
7085:
7083:
7080:
7078:
7075:
7073:
7070:
7068:
7065:
7063:
7060:
7058:
7055:
7053:
7050:
7048:
7045:
7043:
7040:
7039:
7037:
7033:
7027:
7024:
7020:
7017:
7016:
7015:
7012:
7010:
7007:
7005:
7002:
7000:
6997:
6995:
6992:
6990:
6987:
6985:
6982:
6980:
6977:
6975:
6972:
6970:
6967:
6965:
6962:
6960:
6957:
6955:
6952:
6950:
6947:
6945:
6942:
6940:
6937:
6936:
6934:
6932:
6928:
6922:
6919:
6917:
6914:
6912:
6909:
6907:
6904:
6902:
6899:
6897:
6894:
6892:
6889:
6887:
6886:Scholasticism
6884:
6882:
6879:
6877:
6874:
6872:
6869:
6867:
6864:
6862:
6859:
6857:
6854:
6852:
6849:
6847:
6844:
6842:
6839:
6837:
6834:
6832:
6829:
6828:
6826:
6824:
6820:
6814:
6811:
6809:
6806:
6804:
6801:
6799:
6796:
6794:
6791:
6789:
6786:
6784:
6781:
6779:
6776:
6774:
6771:
6769:
6766:
6764:
6761:
6759:
6756:
6754:
6751:
6749:
6748:Rise of Islam
6746:
6742:
6739:
6738:
6737:
6734:
6732:
6729:
6727:
6724:
6722:
6719:
6717:
6714:
6712:
6709:
6708:
6706:
6704:
6700:
6696:
6689:
6684:
6682:
6677:
6675:
6670:
6669:
6666:
6654:
6646:
6644:
6639:
6634:
6633:
6630:
6620:
6617:
6615:
6612:
6610:
6607:
6605:
6602:
6600:
6597:
6595:
6592:
6590:
6587:
6586:
6584:
6580:
6574:
6571:
6567:
6564:
6562:
6559:
6557:
6556:
6552:
6551:
6550:
6547:
6545:
6542:
6541:
6539:
6535:
6529:
6526:
6524:
6521:
6519:
6516:
6514:
6511:
6509:
6505:
6502:
6500:
6497:
6495:
6492:
6490:
6487:
6485:
6482:
6480:
6477:
6475:
6472:
6470:
6467:
6465:
6462:
6461:
6459:
6457:
6453:
6447:
6444:
6440:
6437:
6436:
6435:
6432:
6430:
6429:Popular piety
6427:
6425:
6422:
6420:
6417:
6415:
6412:
6410:
6407:
6405:
6402:
6398:
6395:
6394:
6393:
6390:
6386:
6383:
6381:
6378:
6376:
6373:
6371:
6368:
6366:
6363:
6362:
6361:
6358:
6354:
6351:
6350:
6349:
6346:
6345:
6343:
6341:
6337:
6334:
6328:
6322:
6319:
6317:
6314:
6310:
6307:
6306:
6305:
6302:
6300:
6297:
6295:
6292:
6291:
6289:
6287:
6283:
6275:
6272:
6271:
6270:
6267:
6265:
6262:
6258:
6255:
6253:
6250:
6248:
6245:
6243:
6240:
6238:
6235:
6233:
6230:
6228:
6225:
6224:
6223:
6220:
6216:
6213:
6211:
6210:People of God
6208:
6206:
6203:
6201:
6198:
6196:
6193:
6192:
6191:
6188:
6186:
6183:
6181:
6178:
6174:
6171:
6170:
6169:
6166:
6164:
6161:
6157:
6154:
6152:
6149:
6147:
6144:
6142:
6139:
6138:
6137:
6134:
6132:
6129:
6127:
6124:
6122:
6119:
6117:
6114:
6112:
6109:
6107:
6104:
6100:
6097:
6095:
6092:
6090:
6087:
6085:
6082:
6081:
6080:
6077:
6076:
6074:
6072:
6068:
6056:
6051:
6049:
6046:
6044:
6041:
6040:
6038:
6036:
6032:
6026:
6023:
6021:
6018:
6016:
6013:
6009:
6006:
6005:
6004:
6001:
6000:
5998:
5996:
5992:
5986:
5983:
5979:
5976:
5974:
5971:
5969:
5966:
5964:
5961:
5959:
5956:
5954:
5951:
5949:
5946:
5944:
5941:
5939:
5936:
5934:
5931:
5929:
5926:
5924:
5921:
5920:
5919:
5916:
5914:
5911:
5909:
5906:
5904:
5901:
5900:
5898:
5896:
5892:
5889:
5886:
5882:
5877:
5876:Denominations
5873:
5861:
5858:
5857:
5856:
5853:
5851:
5848:
5846:
5845:Enlightenment
5843:
5841:
5838:
5836:
5833:
5831:
5828:
5827:
5825:
5823:
5819:
5813:
5810:
5808:
5805:
5803:
5800:
5798:
5795:
5793:
5790:
5788:
5785:
5784:
5782:
5780:
5776:
5770:
5767:
5765:
5762:
5758:
5755:
5753:
5750:
5749:
5748:
5745:
5743:
5740:
5738:
5735:
5733:
5730:
5729:
5727:
5725:
5721:
5713:
5710:
5709:
5708:
5705:
5703:
5700:
5696:
5693:
5691:
5688:
5686:
5683:
5681:
5678:
5676:
5673:
5671:
5668:
5666:
5663:
5661:
5658:
5656:
5653:
5651:
5648:
5646:
5643:
5642:
5641:
5638:
5637:
5635:
5633:
5627:
5624:
5621:
5615:
5610:
5606:
5600:
5597:
5595:
5592:
5590:
5587:
5585:
5582:
5580:
5577:
5575:
5572:
5571:
5569:
5565:
5559:
5558:New Testament
5556:
5554:
5553:Old Testament
5551:
5549:
5546:
5545:
5543:
5541:
5537:
5533:
5527:
5524:
5522:
5519:
5517:
5514:
5512:
5509:
5507:
5504:
5502:
5499:
5497:
5494:
5493:
5490:
5486:
5479:
5474:
5472:
5467:
5465:
5460:
5459:
5456:
5444:
5436:
5434:
5429:
5424:
5423:
5420:
5414:
5411:
5409:
5406:
5404:
5401:
5398:
5395:
5392:
5390:
5387:
5385:
5382:
5380:
5377:
5375:
5374:Home Missions
5372:
5370:
5367:
5365:
5362:
5360:
5357:
5356:
5354:
5352:
5348:
5342:
5339:
5337:
5334:
5332:
5329:
5327:
5324:
5322:
5319:
5317:
5314:
5312:
5309:
5307:
5304:
5302:
5299:
5297:
5294:
5292:
5289:
5287:
5284:
5282:
5279:
5273:
5270:
5269:
5268:
5267:Saint Francis
5265:
5261:
5258:
5257:
5256:
5253:
5251:
5250:Saint Dominic
5248:
5247:
5246:
5243:
5239:
5236:
5234:
5231:
5229:
5226:
5224:
5221:
5220:
5219:
5216:
5215:
5213:
5211:
5205:
5199:
5196:
5194:
5191:
5189:
5186:
5184:
5181:
5179:
5176:
5174:
5171:
5169:
5166:
5164:
5161:
5159:
5156:
5154:
5151:
5149:
5146:
5144:
5141:
5139:
5136:
5134:
5131:
5129:
5126:
5124:
5121:
5119:
5116:
5114:
5111:
5109:
5106:
5104:
5101:
5099:
5096:
5094:
5091:
5089:
5086:
5084:
5081:
5079:
5076:
5074:
5071:
5069:
5066:
5064:
5063:Bethlehemites
5061:
5059:
5056:
5054:
5051:
5049:
5046:
5044:
5041:
5039:
5036:
5035:
5033:
5031:
5027:
5022:
5018:
5012:
5011:
5007:
5005:
5004:
5000:
4998:
4997:
4993:
4990:
4986:
4985:Vatican Radio
4983:
4981:
4978:
4976:
4973:
4972:
4971:
4970:Vatican Media
4968:
4966:
4963:
4962:
4960:
4958:
4954:
4948:
4945:
4943:
4940:
4937:
4935:
4932:
4930:
4927:
4925:
4922:
4920:
4917:
4915:
4912:
4910:
4907:
4903:
4900:
4899:
4898:
4895:
4893:
4890:
4888:
4885:
4881:
4878:
4877:
4876:
4873:
4872:
4870:
4868:
4864:
4850:
4847:
4845:
4842:
4840:
4837:
4835:
4832:
4831:
4830:
4827:
4825:
4822:
4820:
4817:
4815:
4812:
4811:
4810:
4807:
4801:
4798:
4797:
4796:
4793:
4791:
4788:
4786:
4783:
4781:
4778:
4776:
4773:
4771:
4768:
4767:
4766:
4763:
4762:
4760:
4758:
4754:
4746:
4743:
4741:
4738:
4736:
4733:
4731:
4728:
4726:
4723:
4721:
4718:
4716:
4713:
4711:
4708:
4706:
4703:
4701:
4698:
4696:
4693:
4691:
4688:
4686:
4683:
4681:
4678:
4676:
4673:
4671:
4668:
4666:
4663:
4661:
4658:
4656:
4653:
4651:
4648:
4646:
4643:
4641:
4638:
4636:
4633:
4631:
4628:
4627:
4626:
4623:
4621:
4618:
4617:
4615:
4613:
4609:
4605:
4597:
4594:
4592:
4589:
4587:
4584:
4583:
4582:
4579:
4577:
4574:
4570:
4567:
4566:
4565:
4562:
4558:
4555:
4553:
4550:
4549:
4548:
4545:
4543:
4540:
4536:
4533:
4531:
4528:
4526:
4523:
4521:
4517:
4514:
4513:
4512:
4509:
4506:
4503:
4502:
4500:
4498:
4494:
4488:
4485:
4483:
4480:
4478:
4475:
4471:
4468:
4466:
4463:
4461:
4458:
4456:
4453:
4451:
4448:
4446:
4443:
4441:
4438:
4436:
4433:
4431:
4428:
4426:
4423:
4422:
4421:
4418:
4414:
4411:
4409:
4406:
4405:
4404:
4401:
4400:
4398:
4395:
4391:
4387:
4381:
4378:
4376:
4373:
4371:
4368:
4366:
4363:
4361:
4358:
4356:
4353:
4351:
4348:
4346:
4343:
4342:
4340:
4338:
4334:
4328:
4325:
4323:
4320:
4316:
4313:
4312:
4311:
4308:
4304:
4301:
4299:
4296:
4295:
4294:
4290:
4287:
4285:
4282:
4280:
4277:
4274:
4273:
4271:
4268:
4267:List of popes
4263:
4259:
4256:
4253:
4249:
4245:
4241:
4237:
4230:
4224:
4221:
4219:
4216:
4214:
4211:
4209:
4206:
4204:
4201:
4199:
4196:
4194:
4191:
4189:
4186:
4184:
4181:
4177:
4174:
4172:
4169:
4168:
4167:
4164:
4163:
4161:
4159:
4155:
4147:
4144:
4142:
4139:
4138:
4137:
4134:
4130:
4127:
4126:
4125:
4122:
4119:
4117:
4114:
4112:
4109:
4107:
4104:
4102:
4099:
4097:
4094:
4092:
4089:
4088:
4086:
4084:
4080:
4070:
4067:
4064:
4062:
4059:
4057:
4054:
4052:
4051:Mother of God
4049:
4047:
4044:
4042:
4039:
4037:
4034:
4032:
4029:
4027:
4024:
4023:
4021:
4019:
4015:
4009:
4006:
4004:
4001:
3997:
3994:
3993:
3992:
3989:
3987:
3984:
3982:
3979:
3977:
3974:
3972:
3969:
3968:
3966:
3964:
3960:
3954:
3951:
3949:
3948:
3944:
3942:
3939:
3937:
3936:People of God
3934:
3932:
3931:
3927:
3925:
3924:Infallibility
3922:
3918:
3915:
3913:
3910:
3909:
3908:
3905:
3903:
3900:
3898:
3895:
3893:
3892:
3888:
3887:
3885:
3883:
3879:
3873:
3870:
3866:
3865:
3861:
3859:
3856:
3854:
3851:
3850:
3848:
3846:
3843:
3841:
3838:
3836:
3833:
3831:
3828:
3826:
3823:
3821:
3818:
3816:
3813:
3811:
3808:
3806:
3803:
3801:
3800:Body and soul
3798:
3794:
3791:
3789:
3786:
3785:
3784:
3781:
3780:
3778:
3774:
3771:
3768:
3767:
3762:
3758:
3753:
3749:
3739:
3736:
3734:
3731:
3729:
3726:
3724:
3721:
3719:
3716:
3714:
3711:
3709:
3706:
3704:
3703:Enlightenment
3701:
3699:
3696:
3690:
3687:
3686:
3685:
3682:
3680:
3677:
3676:
3675:
3674:Protestantism
3672:
3671:
3669:
3667:
3663:
3657:
3654:
3652:
3651:Scholasticism
3649:
3647:
3644:
3642:
3639:
3637:
3636:Schism (1378)
3634:
3632:
3629:
3627:
3624:
3622:
3621:Schism (1054)
3619:
3617:
3614:
3612:
3609:
3607:
3604:
3603:
3601:
3599:
3595:
3589:
3586:
3584:
3581:
3579:
3576:
3572:
3569:
3567:
3564:
3563:
3562:
3559:
3557:
3554:
3552:
3549:
3548:
3546:
3544:
3540:
3532:
3529:
3528:
3527:
3524:
3520:
3517:
3516:
3515:
3512:
3508:
3505:
3503:
3500:
3499:
3498:
3495:
3491:
3488:
3486:
3483:
3481:
3478:
3476:
3473:
3472:
3471:
3468:
3467:
3465:
3463:
3459:
3456:
3453:
3449:
3445:
3440:
3436:
3430:
3427:
3425:
3422:
3420:
3417:
3415:
3412:
3411:
3408:
3404:
3397:
3392:
3390:
3385:
3383:
3378:
3377:
3374:
3362:
3357:
3352:
3350:
3340:
3339:
3336:
3330:
3327:
3325:
3322:
3320:
3319:
3315:
3313:
3310:
3308:
3305:
3301:
3298:
3296:
3293:
3291:
3288:
3286:
3283:
3281:
3278:
3276:
3273:
3271:
3268:
3266:
3263:
3261:
3258:
3257:
3256:
3253:
3251:
3248:
3246:
3243:
3242:
3240:
3236:
3228:
3225:
3224:
3223:
3220:
3218:
3215:
3213:
3210:
3208:
3205:
3203:
3202:Mother Teresa
3200:
3198:
3195:
3192:
3188:
3185:
3183:
3180:
3178:
3175:
3173:
3170:
3168:
3167:
3163:
3161:
3158:
3156:
3155:
3151:
3149:
3146:
3144:
3141:
3139:
3136:
3134:
3131:
3129:
3128:Pope Pius XII
3126:
3124:
3121:
3119:
3116:
3114:
3111:
3110:
3108:
3106:
3102:
3096:
3095:
3094:Rerum novarum
3091:
3089:
3086:
3084:
3081:
3079:
3078:Pope Leo XIII
3076:
3074:
3071:
3069:
3066:
3064:
3061:
3059:
3056:
3054:
3051:
3049:
3048:United States
3046:
3044:
3041:
3039:
3038:Pope Pius VII
3036:
3035:
3033:
3029:
3023:
3020:
3018:
3015:
3013:
3010:
3008:
3005:
3003:
3000:
2998:
2995:
2993:
2990:
2988:
2985:
2983:
2980:
2979:
2977:
2974:
2969:
2964:
2958:
2955:
2953:
2950:
2948:
2945:
2943:
2940:
2938:
2935:
2933:
2930:
2928:
2925:
2923:
2920:
2918:
2915:
2913:
2910:
2908:
2905:
2903:
2900:
2898:
2895:
2893:
2890:
2888:
2885:
2883:
2880:
2878:
2877:
2873:
2871:
2868:
2866:
2863:
2862:
2860:
2857:
2853:
2848:
2842:
2839:
2837:
2834:
2832:
2829:
2827:
2824:
2822:
2819:
2817:
2814:
2810:
2807:
2806:
2805:
2802:
2800:
2797:
2795:
2792:
2791:
2789:
2787:
2783:
2777:
2774:
2772:
2769:
2767:
2764:
2762:
2759:
2757:
2754:
2752:
2749:
2747:
2744:
2742:
2739:
2737:
2734:
2732:
2729:
2727:
2724:
2722:
2721:Scholasticism
2719:
2717:
2714:
2712:
2709:
2707:
2704:
2702:
2699:
2697:
2696:Pope Urban II
2694:
2693:
2691:
2689:
2685:
2679:
2676:
2674:
2671:
2669:
2666:
2664:
2661:
2659:
2656:
2654:
2651:
2649:
2646:
2644:
2641:
2639:
2636:
2634:
2631:
2629:
2626:
2624:
2621:
2619:
2616:
2615:
2613:
2611:
2607:
2593:
2590:
2588:
2585:
2583:
2580:
2578:
2575:
2573:
2570:
2568:
2565:
2563:
2560:
2558:
2555:
2553:
2550:
2548:
2545:
2543:
2540:
2536:
2533:
2532:
2531:
2528:
2527:
2525:
2521:
2513:
2509:
2506:
2502:
2498:
2488:
2485:
2483:
2480:
2478:
2475:
2473:
2472:Justin Martyr
2470:
2466:
2463:
2459:
2456:
2454:
2451:
2449:
2446:
2445:
2444:
2441:
2440:
2439:
2436:
2434:
2431:
2430:
2428:
2425:
2421:
2413:
2410:
2408:
2405:
2403:
2400:
2398:
2395:
2393:
2390:
2388:
2385:
2384:
2383:
2382:New Testament
2380:
2378:
2375:
2373:
2370:
2368:
2365:
2361:
2358:
2356:
2353:
2351:
2348:
2346:
2345:Commissioning
2343:
2342:
2341:
2338:
2336:
2333:
2331:
2328:
2326:
2323:
2319:
2316:
2314:
2311:
2309:
2306:
2304:
2301:
2300:
2299:
2296:
2295:
2293:
2290:
2289:Apostolic Age
2285:
2281:
2278:
2274:
2270:
2264:
2261:
2259:
2256:
2254:
2251:
2249:
2246:
2242:
2239:
2237:
2234:
2233:
2232:
2229:
2227:
2224:
2222:
2219:
2217:
2214:
2212:
2209:
2205:
2202:
2200:
2197:
2196:
2195:
2192:
2188:
2185:
2184:
2183:
2180:
2176:
2175:Papal primacy
2173:
2172:
2171:
2168:
2166:
2163:
2161:
2158:
2154:
2151:
2150:
2149:
2146:
2145:
2143:
2141:
2137:
2133:
2129:
2122:
2117:
2115:
2110:
2108:
2103:
2102:
2099:
2093:
2090:
2087:
2083:
2080:
2078:
2075:
2073:
2070:
2068:
2064:
2061:
2058:
2056:
2053:
2051:
2048:
2046:
2043:
2041:
2038:
2037:
2027:
2026:
2020:
2018:
2017:0-393-09216-X
2014:
2010:
2006:
2003:
1999:
1997:
1996:0-19-821431-6
1993:
1989:
1988:
1983:
1980:
1978:
1977:0-527-73650-3
1974:
1970:
1966:
1963:
1960:
1956:
1954:
1953:9781783273348
1950:
1946:
1945:
1940:
1938:
1937:0-87968-379-1
1934:
1930:
1926:
1923:
1921:
1920:0-8047-1266-2
1917:
1913:
1909:
1907:
1906:0-521-36105-2
1903:
1899:
1898:
1893:
1890:
1888:
1887:0-8142-0826-6
1884:
1880:
1876:
1875:
1861:
1852:
1843:
1834:
1825:
1817:
1811:
1807:
1806:
1798:
1789:
1784:
1780:
1776:
1772:
1765:
1757:
1755:3-406-36952-9
1751:
1747:
1740:
1731:
1729:
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1529:90-04-11351-7
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1493:Kemal Gürüz,
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1128:0-521-36105-2
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1106:3-406-36956-1
1103:
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1063:0-521-36105-2
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925:town and gown
921:
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880:
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873:Peter Lombard
870:
866:
865:
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838:
837:
832:
831:Pope John XXI
828:
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685:Peter Abelard
680:
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585:Arab scholars
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313:Establishment
310:
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291:Islamic Spain
288:
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175:onward, this
174:
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41:
37:
32:
26:
22:
8115:
7861:Vocal school
7846:Music school
7708:Free school
7652:Ranch school
7500:Upper school
7469:Maths school
7373:First school
7355:Kindergarten
7047:Architecture
7019:Great Famine
7009:Universities
7008:
6949:Hussite Wars
6866:Great Schism
6753:Papal States
6553:
6348:Architecture
6242:Confirmation
6190:Ecclesiology
6121:Original sin
6111:Nicene Creed
5908:Old Catholic
5792:Papal States
5724:Great Church
5690:Resurrection
5632:Christianity
5589:New Covenant
5540:(Scriptures)
5485:Christianity
5413:Universities
5245:Third orders
5208:Associations
5198:Visitandines
5193:Trinitarians
5143:Mercedarians
5128:Hieronymites
5073:Camaldoleses
5058:Benedictines
5048:Augustinians
5008:
5001:
4994:
4975:Vatican News
4929:Distinctions
4735:Syro-Malabar
4620:Latin Church
4542:Grand master
4440:Metropolitan
4337:Vatican City
4232:Organisation
4111:Philosophers
3976:Confirmation
3953:In canon law
3947:Subsistit in
3945:
3941:Three states
3928:
3889:
3882:Ecclesiology
3864:Nova Vulgata
3862:
3820:Original sin
3815:Nicene Creed
3805:Divine grace
3764:
3646:Universities
3645:
3616:Papal States
3543:Great Church
3485:Resurrection
3462:Early Church
3316:
3312:Pope Francis
3238:21st century
3187:Pope Paul VI
3164:
3152:
3105:20th century
3092:
3043:Pope Pius IX
3031:19th century
3007:Pope Pius VI
2874:
2746:Latin Empire
2716:Universities
2715:
2668:Pope Leo III
2535:Christianity
2520:state church
2512:Great Church
2313:Resurrection
2276:(30–325/476)
2273:Early Church
2258:Latin Church
2253:Papal States
2248:Vatican City
2024:
2008:
2001:
1986:
1968:
1958:
1943:
1928:
1911:
1895:
1878:
1872:Bibliography
1860:
1851:
1842:
1833:
1824:
1804:
1797:
1781:(1): 17–31.
1778:
1774:
1764:
1745:
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1718:
1709:
1687:
1682:
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1669:
1661:
1656:
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1614:
1607:
1599:
1594:
1585:
1577:
1572:
1564:
1559:
1551:
1546:
1519:
1515:
1509:
1465:
1459:
1440:
1435:
1424:. Retrieved
1416:Culture Trip
1415:
1405:
1394:. Retrieved
1385:
1376:
1367:
1360:. Retrieved
1354:
1344:
1335:
1313:
1309:
1303:
1278:
1274:
1270:
1264:
1255:
1254:Huff, Toby.
1248:
1239:
1219:
1215:
1209:
1177:
1173:
1163:
1154:
1148:
1137:
1118:
1112:
1097:
1092:
1083:
1075:
1070:
1065:, pp. XIX–XX
1054:
1049:
1030:
1012:
933:
922:
906:
897:Legal status
892:
881:
868:
862:
860:
841:
834:
826:
822:
798:
788:
778:
747:Aristotelian
739:
733:
726:liberal arts
711:
694:
681:
661:
656:
650:
589:
574:
547:
522:
510:
504:
498:
492:
487:
477:
471:
341:
334:
322:
306:
280:
260:schoolmaster
256:
232:
219:
202:
170:
130:
63:universities
46:
44:
7981:By location
7871:Progressive
7773:Sink school
7742:University
7731:preparatory
7459:Hauptschule
7276:WikiProject
7203:Medievalism
7042:Agriculture
6906:Manorialism
6901:Communalism
6896:Monasticism
6813:Reconquista
6803:Kievan Rus'
6609:Persecution
6544:Christendom
6537:Cooperation
6474:Charismatic
6385:Holy Spirit
6294:Natural law
6257:Holy orders
6106:Christology
6099:Holy Spirit
5968:Pentecostal
5948:Evangelical
5943:Charismatic
5787:Monasticism
5779:Middle Ages
5742:Constantine
5685:Crucifixion
5567:Foundations
5403:Health care
5389:Pax Christi
5341:Schoenstatt
5306:Sant'Egidio
5138:Legionaries
5118:Franciscans
5093:Cistercians
5088:Carthusians
5043:Annonciades
4902:Altarpieces
4795:West Syriac
4790:East Syriac
4770:Alexandrian
4394:Holy orders
4375:Swiss Guard
4315:Dicasteries
4310:Roman Curia
4208:Evangelists
4166:Holy Family
4101:Personalism
4091:Natural law
4069:Josephology
4003:Holy orders
3641:Inquisition
3598:Middle Ages
3588:Monasticism
3556:Constantine
3480:Crucifixion
3318:Laudato si'
3113:Pope Pius X
2942:Philip Neri
2917:Pope Pius V
2892:Thomas More
2761:Inquisition
2663:Charlemagne
2623:Monasticism
2433:Persecution
2325:Holy Spirit
2308:Crucifixion
2187:First seven
1576:Toby Huff,
1550:Toby Huff,
1362:26 February
1142:Verger 1999
755:metaphysics
657:universitas
645:mathematics
612:Tycho Brahe
592:Renaissance
554:archbishops
511:universitas
474:Frederick I
350:(c. 1150),
191:Antecedents
134:universitas
55:Middle Ages
51:corporation
8259:Categories
8169:in Ireland
8078:Historical
7993:Day school
7605:Collegiate
7600:University
7198:Land terms
7152:Technology
7132:Philosophy
7112:Literature
7077:Demography
6778:Viking Age
6523:Prosperity
6499:Liberation
6439:Cathedrals
6424:Pilgrimage
6409:Literature
6286:Philosophy
6222:Sacraments
6195:Four marks
6156:Protestant
6131:Born again
5928:Anabaptist
5918:Protestant
5860:Influences
5822:Modern era
5526:By country
5158:Oratorians
5113:Dominicans
5083:Carmelites
5078:Camillians
5026:institutes
4839:Tridentine
4775:Antiochian
4695:Macedonian
4640:Belarusian
4530:Provincial
4445:Archbishop
4365:Roman Rota
4327:Properties
4252:By country
4248:Precedence
4213:Confessors
4193:Archangels
4183:Patriarchs
4083:Philosophy
4061:Veneration
4026:Assumption
3996:Last rites
3963:Sacraments
3907:Four marks
3718:Vatican II
3666:Modern era
3502:Succession
3191:coronation
2897:Pope Leo X
2482:Tertullian
2412:Revelation
2387:Background
1775:Sententiae
1690:, p. 133.
1426:2017-05-30
1396:2017-05-30
1281:(3): 587.
1004:References
948:papal bull
877:licentiate
799:Graecismus
781:scholastic
773:Bratislava
741:quadrivium
716:degree (a
641:philosophy
604:Copernicus
247:sacraments
139:scholastic
8174:in Greece
8138:in Canada
7917:Religious
7716:Institute
7710:(England)
7692:(British)
7674:(England)
7454:Gymnasium
7406:Secondary
7345:Preschool
7183:Dark Ages
7092:Household
7087:Hastilude
6856:Feudalism
6599:Criticism
6549:Ecumenism
6513:Mysticism
6479:Democracy
6469:Anarchism
6456:Movements
6419:Mythology
6397:Catechism
6392:Education
6309:Evolution
6232:Eucharist
6215:Canon law
6173:Theotokos
6168:Mariology
6126:Salvation
6116:Tradition
5963:Methodist
5923:Adventist
5757:Chalcedon
5399:See also:
5351:Charities
5260:Discalced
5188:Trappists
5183:Theatines
5153:Olivetans
5098:Clarisses
5068:Blue nuns
5053:Basilians
5030:societies
4938:See also:
4824:Mozarabic
4814:Ambrosian
4800:Malankara
4785:Byzantine
4745:Ukrainian
4720:Ruthenian
4685:Hungarian
4670:Ethiopian
4645:Bulgarian
4612:sui iuris
4596:Postulant
4505:Religious
4460:Auxiliary
4455:Coadjutor
4425:Patriarch
4293:Cardinals
4240:Canon law
4236:Hierarchy
4218:Disciples
4141:Relations
4129:Evolution
4120:See also:
4065:See also:
4018:Mariology
4008:Matrimony
3981:Eucharist
3902:Ecumenism
3830:Salvation
3766:Catechism
3761:Tradition
3723:Communism
3571:Chalcedon
3207:Communism
3177:Ecumenism
2523:(380–451)
2515:(180–451)
2504:(313–476)
2426:(100–325)
1646:(1931) .
1538:0926-6070
1332:0926-6070
1194:144509355
979:in the UK
909:Canon Law
884:Aristotle
864:Sentences
581:Byzantine
577:Aristotle
558:cardinals
299:Toby Huff
283:madrasahs
243:canon law
222:), where
209:Christian
171:From the
131:The word
111:Christian
8234:Category
8022:By scope
7949:Gurukula
7672:Academy
7630:Combined
7595:Seminary
7510:Tertiary
7266:Category
7233:Timeline
7122:Minstrel
7117:Medicine
6999:Chivalry
6954:Burgundy
6876:Crusades
6653:Category
6518:Pacifism
6332:features
6316:Politics
6269:Ablution
6237:Marriage
6141:Catholic
6071:Theology
5978:Reformed
5958:Lutheran
5953:Holiness
5933:Anglican
5903:Catholic
5807:Crusades
5752:Nicaea I
5702:Apostles
5675:Miracles
5670:Parables
5660:Ministry
5650:Nativity
5614:timeline
5511:Prophets
5506:Glossary
5443:Category
5336:Opus Dei
5321:Scouting
5311:Focolare
5178:Servites
5163:Piarists
5108:Crosiers
4844:Anglican
4780:Armenian
4710:Romanian
4700:Maronite
4675:Georgian
4665:Eritrean
4650:Chaldean
4635:Armenian
4630:Albanian
4511:Superior
4470:Emeritus
4450:Diocesan
4303:Advisers
4262:Holy See
4188:Prophets
4146:Politics
3917:Catholic
3897:Councils
3752:Theology
3631:Crusades
3566:Nicaea I
3497:Apostles
3475:Ministry
3444:Timeline
3424:Glossary
3217:HIV/AIDS
2711:Crusades
2465:Irenaeus
2458:Ignatius
2453:Polycarp
2303:Ministry
2291:(30–100)
2165:Timeline
2063:Archived
1630:Archived
1498:Archived
1420:Archived
1390:Archived
1352:(1895).
1337:masters.
1198:Archived
966:See also
936:Holy See
852:theology
848:medicine
811:Porphyry
795:Priscian
691:Students
676:Catholic
538:Mob Quad
519:Toulouse
515:autonomy
426:(1365),
422:(1364),
418:(1348),
414:(1343),
410:(1290),
406:(1288),
402:(1261),
394:(1240),
390:(1235),
386:(1229),
382:(1224),
378:(1222),
374:(1220),
370:(1218),
366:(1209),
362:(1208),
358:(1175),
354:(1167),
346:(1088),
329:tonsured
293:and the
287:colleges
264:burghers
107:medicine
99:theology
91:Scotland
87:Portugal
8244:Commons
7964:Yeshiva
7959:Madrasa
7746:private
7555:College
7550:Academy
7365:Primary
7176:Related
7162:Warfare
7157:Theatre
7147:Slavery
7142:Science
7097:Hunting
7062:Cuisine
7035:Culture
6974:Castile
6969:England
6582:Related
6375:Trinity
6340:Culture
6304:Science
6274:Hygiene
6264:Mission
6247:Penance
6227:Baptism
6163:Worship
6136:Liturgy
6084:Trinity
5995:Eastern
5973:Quakers
5938:Baptist
5895:Western
5885:members
5655:Baptism
5609:History
5599:Worship
5501:Outline
5408:Schools
5364:Caritas
5272:Secular
5238:Workers
5133:Jesuits
4919:Museums
4914:Library
4892:Writers
4887:Artists
4867:Culture
4834:Paul VI
4715:Russian
4705:Melkite
4547:Brother
4525:General
4465:Titular
4435:Primate
4413:Eparchy
4403:Diocese
4350:Outline
4289:College
4279:Francis
4223:Virgins
4198:Martyrs
4124:Science
4031:History
3986:Penance
3971:Baptism
3872:Worship
3845:Vulgate
3793:Kingdom
3788:Trinity
3776:General
3531:Primacy
3439:History
3419:Outline
3182:Judaism
2582:Vulgate
2392:Gospels
2367:Stephen
2284:Origins
2204:Vulgate
2140:General
2130:of the
2128:History
1894:(ed.):
1236:1595223
751:physics
735:trivium
664:Bologna
608:Galileo
398:(1241)
307:madrasa
268:Bologna
177:Western
147:studium
126:Vatican
75:England
38:at the
36:doctors
8099:Lyceum
7751:public
7736:public
7542:Higher
7464:Lyceum
7318:School
7256:Portal
7137:Poetry
6964:France
6299:Ethics
6180:Saints
6089:Father
6008:Church
5620:spread
5584:Gospel
5574:Church
5516:People
5286:Fimcap
5228:Marian
5148:Minims
4880:Marian
4730:Syriac
4725:Slovak
4655:Coptic
4591:Oblate
4586:Master
4581:Novice
4576:Hermit
4564:Sister
4520:Abbess
4487:Deacon
4482:Priest
4477:Parish
4420:Bishop
4390:Polity
4176:Joseph
4158:Saints
3825:Saints
3713:Nazism
3148:Nazism
2970:to the
2577:Jerome
2487:Origen
2170:Papacy
2015:
1994:
1975:
1951:
1935:
1918:
1904:
1885:
1812:
1752:
1622:
1536:
1526:
1516:Studia
1472:
1447:
1330:
1320:
1310:Studia
1295:601679
1293:
1234:
1192:
1125:
1104:
1061:
1037:
653:campus
643:, and
620:Newton
618:, and
616:Kepler
550:abbots
327:: the
235:clergy
142:guilds
105:, and
89:, and
79:France
71:Naples
67:Sicily
49:was a
7320:types
7167:Women
7127:Music
7082:Domes
7072:Dance
6959:Milan
6508:Right
6414:Music
6365:Jesus
6330:Other
6185:Angel
5640:Jesus
5630:Early
5579:Creed
5548:Canon
5536:Bible
5496:Index
5384:CIDSE
5233:Youth
4957:Media
4924:Music
4849:Zaire
4829:Roman
4819:Braga
4809:Latin
4680:Greek
4552:Friar
4516:Abbot
4430:Major
4345:Index
4244:Laity
3810:Dogma
3757:Bible
3733:Islam
3689:Trent
3470:Jesus
3452:Legal
3414:Index
3250:Islam
2518:Roman
2477:Canon
2350:Peter
2298:Jesus
2088:file)
1291:JSTOR
1232:JSTOR
1201:(PDF)
1190:S2CID
888:Bible
871:) of
850:, or
730:Latin
668:Paris
579:from
536:This
446:Italy
276:Paris
224:monks
162:, or
83:Spain
8199:K–12
6504:Left
6404:Flag
6370:Mary
5881:list
4909:Folk
4557:Monk
4298:List
4276:Pope
4171:Mary
3300:2023
3295:2019
3290:2016
3285:2013
3280:2011
3275:2008
3270:2005
3265:2002
3260:2000
3227:1995
2397:Acts
2360:Paul
2355:John
2330:Mary
2013:ISBN
1992:ISBN
1973:ISBN
1949:ISBN
1933:ISBN
1916:ISBN
1902:ISBN
1883:ISBN
1810:ISBN
1750:ISBN
1620:ISBN
1534:ISSN
1524:ISBN
1470:ISBN
1445:ISBN
1364:2012
1328:ISSN
1318:ISBN
1123:ISBN
1102:ISBN
1059:ISBN
1035:ISBN
825:and
797:and
757:and
583:and
568:and
274:and
272:Rome
228:nuns
226:and
214:and
116:and
95:arts
69:and
7326:By
7052:Art
6360:Art
6094:Son
6079:God
5223:Lay
4875:Art
4569:Nun
4291:of
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