841:
19:
963:, is considered by some to be the earliest institution of higher learning with some of the characteristics we associate today with a university (research and teaching, auto-administration, academic independence, et cetera). If a university is defined as "an institution of higher learning" then it is preceded by several others, including the Academy that it was founded to compete with and eventually replaced. If the original meaning of the word is considered "a corporation of students" then this could be the first example of such an institution. The
291:
937:
3081:
378:, as well as in medieval Tibetan texts. However, unlike Takshila and Nalanda, the ruins of Pushpagiri were not discovered until 1995, when a lecturer from a local college first stumbled upon the site. The task of excavating Pushpagiri's ruins, stretching over 58 hectares (143 acres) of land, was undertaken by the Odisha Institute of Maritime and South East Asian Studies between 1996 and 2006. It is now being carried out by the
406:, was an early Buddhist centre of learning. According to scattered references that were only fixed a millennium later, it may have dated back to at least the fifth century BCE. Some scholars date Takshashila's existence back to the sixth century BCE. The school consisted of several monasteries without large dormitories or lecture halls where the religious instruction was most likely still provided on an individualistic basis.
345:
3091:
3070:
366:, India. As of 2007, the ruins of this Mahavihara had not yet been fully excavated. Consequently, much of the Mahavihara's history remains unknown. Of the three Mahavihara campuses, Lalitgiri in the district of Cuttack is the oldest. Iconographic analysis indicates that Lalitgiri had already been established during the
536:
Vikramashila was one of the largest
Buddhist universities, with more than one hundred teachers and about one thousand students. It produced eminent scholars who were often invited by foreign countries to spread Buddhist learning, culture and religion. The most distinguished and eminent among all was
323:
Evidence in literature suggests that in 1193, Nalanda mahavihara was sacked by
Bakhtiyar Khilji. The Persian historian Minhaj-i-Siraj, in his chronicle the Tabaqat-i-Nasiri, reported an attack on a Buddhist monastery in which all the Buddhist monks were killed. This may have been Nalanda but others
1014:
In addition to these episcopal schools, there were monastic schools which educated monks and nuns, as well as future bishops, at a more advanced level. Around the turn of the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, some of them developed into autonomous universities. A notable example is when the
1713:
Sanderson, Alexis. "The Ćaiva Age: The Rise and
Dominance of Ćaivism during the Early Medieval Period." In: Genesis and Development of Tantrism, edited by Shingo Einoo. Tokyo: Institute of Oriental Culture, University of Tokyo, 2009. Institute of Oriental Culture Special Series, 23, pp.
871:
started a school which identified itself with Plato's
Academy. That school lasted until 529, when it was closed following an edict from the Emperor Justinian prohibiting pagans from teaching. The Academy was also emulated during the Renaissance by the
822:
kings and continued its scholarly activities up to four centuries after Islam came to Iran. It was an important medical centre of the sixth and seventh centuries and a prominent example of higher education model in pre-Islam Iran. When the
420:
It became a noted centre of learning at least several centuries BCE, and continued to attract students until the destruction of the city in the fifth century CE. Takshashila is perhaps best known because of its association with
1010:
in 527. These early episcopal schools, with a focus on an apprenticeship in religious learning under a scholarly bishop, have been identified in Spain and in about twenty towns in Gaul during the sixth and seventh centuries.
955:, founded as an institution of higher learning in 425, educated graduates to take on posts of authority in the imperial service or within the Church. It was reorganized as a corporation of students in 849 by the regent
42:
were developed in many cultures to provide institutional frameworks for scholarly activities. These ancient centres were sponsored and overseen by courts; by religious institutions, which sponsored
320:, and survived until circa 1200 CE. It was devoted to Buddhist studies, but it also trained students in fine arts, medicine, mathematics, astronomy, politics and the art of war.
1478:
867:, lasted until 86 BCE, when it was destroyed during Sulla's siege and sacking of Athens. Some 400 years later, during the fourth century CE, the Platonist philosopher
1413:
Scott, David (May 1995). "Buddhism and Islam: Past to
Present Encounters and Interfaith Lessons". p. 141. Digital object identifier:10.1163/1568527952598657
2233:
1966:
Constantinides, C. N. (2003). "Rhetoric in
Byzantium: Papers from the Thirty-Fifth Spring Symposium of Byzantine Studies". In Jeffreys, Elizabeth (ed.).
1036:
944:
71:
1749:
1449:
269:
161:
54:; by scientific institutions, such as museums, hospitals, and observatories; and by respective scholars. They are to be distinguished from the
1502:
1781:
1822:
690:. It was intermittently inherited by succeeding Chinese dynasties up until the Qing dynasty, in some of which the name was changed to
2988:
2628:
2540:
1422:
André Wink (2002). Al-Hind: The Slave Kings and the
Islamic conquest, 11thâ13th centuries. BRILL. pp. 146â148. ISBN 0-391-04174-6.
827:
in Athens was closed in 529, some of its pagan scholars went to
Gundishahpur, although they returned within a year to Byzantium.
1485:
2576:
2063:
2039:
1863:
1698:
1670:
1604:
1576:
1549:
1208:
273:
898:
The reputation of the Greek institutions was such that at least four central modern educational terms derive from them: the
1377:
370:
period of the second century BCE, making it one of the oldest
Buddhist establishments in the world. The Chinese traveller
2581:
2112:
1644:
2159:
2087:
1975:
1238:
1187:
1158:
1141:
1103:
3094:
3003:
1040:
153:
established a madraza in 859 CE, which eventually became the organization of higher learning, the currently named
723:
2586:
379:
1228:
1016:
710:
or
Academies of Classical Learning were private learning institutions established during the medieval Chinese
3115:
2998:
1463:
523:
2345:
1292:
952:
1756:
2131:
1510:
873:
154:
1383:
2879:
2274:
1028:
923:
891:
gymnasium in Athens. The school also ceased in 86 BC during the famine, siege and sacking of Athens by
2284:
2187:
570:
18:
1201:
A History of the University in Europe: Universities in the middle ages / ed. Hilde de Ridder-Symoens
2606:
2522:
2294:
1271:"The Meaning, Idea And History Of University/Higher Education In Africa: A Brief Literature Review"
542:
3054:
2674:
2641:
2420:
1020:
964:
803:
92:
43:
440:) by Chanakya, is said to have been composed in Takshashila itself. Chanakya (or Kautilya), the
2884:
2462:
2415:
1360:
972:
815:
209:
3084:
2721:
2558:
2467:
2455:
2152:
1853:
1094:
Furley, David (2003a), "Peripatetic School", in Hornblower, Simon; Spawforth, Antony (eds.),
1043:(founded in 1224) are is the world's oldest state-funded university in continuous operation.
1032:
1024:
968:
940:
193:
172:
119:
1539:
1524:
2894:
2889:
2748:
2733:
2701:
2686:
2669:
2548:
2535:
2430:
2289:
2279:
1830:
578:
507:
2032:
The First Universities: Studium Generale and the Origins of University Education in Europe
1389:
1319:"Ancient centers of higher learning: A bias in the comparative history of the university?"
1128:
Lynch, J. (1997), "Lyceum", in Zeyl, Donald J.; Devereux, Daniel; Mitsis, Phillip (eds.),
654:
8:
2966:
2909:
2440:
2435:
2372:
2256:
1230:
A History of African Higher Education from Antiquity to the Present: A Critical Synthesis
1057:
614:
574:
510:(783 to 820) in response to a supposed decline in the quality of scholarship at Nalanda.
445:
134:
196:, which began as the Mosque of Sankore, served as an organization of higher learning in
2979:
2949:
2914:
2848:
2664:
2596:
2487:
2360:
2335:
2304:
1340:
1151:
Education and Culture in the Barbarian West: From the Sixth through the Eighth Century.
1007:
907:
888:
884:
868:
840:
703:
529:
Vikramashila is known to us mainly through Tibetan sources, especially the writings of
515:
329:
1803:
1595:
Scharfe, Hartmut; Bronkhorst, Johannes; Spuler, Bertold; AltenmĂŒller, Hartwig (2002).
2919:
2899:
2753:
2743:
2706:
2601:
2410:
2382:
2264:
2215:
2178:
2108:
2083:
2059:
2035:
1971:
1859:
1694:
1666:
1600:
1572:
1545:
1457:
1344:
1234:
1204:
1183:
1154:
1137:
1130:
1099:
979:
699:
359:
352:
348:
249:
201:
176:
107:
264:, included schools that were some of the primary institutions of higher learning in
51:
3029:
2961:
2944:
2904:
2858:
2804:
2789:
2767:
2738:
2613:
2392:
2377:
2329:
2200:
2145:
1330:
1270:
987:
927:
852:
824:
779:
719:
484:
261:
47:
31:
1335:
1318:
2956:
2838:
2794:
2784:
2618:
2497:
1880:
1724:
1648:
1566:
1433:
995:
931:
290:
150:
137:, which was established in 970 CE, served as an organization of higher learning.
96:
63:
1180:
The Origins of the University: The Schools of Paris and Their Critics, 1100â1215
936:
545:
traditions of Tibetan Buddhism. Subjects like philosophy, grammar, metaphysics,
3074:
2993:
2863:
2679:
2571:
2553:
2530:
2425:
2324:
2299:
2245:
1076:
799:
775:
747:
658:
606:
602:
530:
480:
383:
1002:. The earliest evidence of a European episcopal school is that established in
743:
3109:
3024:
2853:
2779:
2691:
2492:
2340:
2269:
2240:
2228:
1112:
783:
715:
634:
610:
441:
367:
313:
265:
55:
1116:
855:(sometimes referred to as the University of Athens), founded ca. 387 BCE in
229:, the Axumite imperial church served as an organization of higher learning.
3019:
2711:
2696:
2636:
2502:
2350:
2319:
2223:
2205:
1641:
1068:
1031:. Italian universities are among the oldest universities in the world; the
791:
727:
711:
638:
546:
495:
429:
410:
205:
146:
498:
was one of the two most important centres of learning in India during the
2623:
2309:
1072:
991:
960:
687:
586:
533:, the Tibetan monk historian of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries.
499:
2843:
2450:
1503:"ASI hope for hill heritage â Conservation set to start at Orissa site"
1003:
650:
618:
594:
590:
562:
476:
325:
244:
226:
123:
67:
59:
162:
University_of_al-Qarawiyyin § Status_as_world's_oldest_university
2566:
2195:
2082:(in Italian). Vol. 4. Torino: UTET. 7 August 1981. p. 122.
1062:
880:
787:
695:
662:
598:
549:
etc. were taught here, but the most important branch of learning was
449:
437:
414:
459:
Generally, a student entered Takshashila at the age of sixteen. The
3049:
2799:
2445:
1081:
1052:
819:
795:
691:
630:
550:
472:
433:
426:
422:
403:
399:
371:
197:
115:
111:
1921:
1896:
1594:
2814:
2809:
2405:
2400:
1564:
983:
899:
707:
626:
622:
503:
468:
464:
453:
344:
309:
294:
285:
257:
253:
23:
1525:"Archaeological Survey of India takes over Orissa Buddhist site"
2314:
2168:
2137:
1452:. February 2005. Archived from the original on 21 October 2007.
999:
956:
911:
903:
876:, whose members saw themselves as following Plato's tradition.
860:
856:
771:
767:
763:
683:
582:
538:
511:
395:
363:
333:
1968:
Teachers and students of rhetoric in the late Byzantine period
1597:
Handbuch Der Orientalistik: India. Education in ancient India
892:
864:
759:
739:
679:
642:
566:
519:
460:
317:
302:
298:
130:
27:
1782:"Telhara University's ruins older than Nalanda, Vikramshila"
62:, an autonomous organization of scholars that originated in
1293:"The role of learning institutions in Ptolemaic Alexandria"
100:
818:
was established in the third century CE under the rule of
786:
was founded by in 1398 to offer prayers and memorials to
847:, a painting from the 1880s by Gustav Adolph Spangenberg
1198:
750:
was founded in the ninth century and restored in 1432.
2132:
Ancient Buddhist Monastic Establishments in Bangladesh
1380:," Garten, Jeffrey E. New York Times, 9 December 2006.
1280:. FIRE: Forum for International Research in Education.
1182:, (Stanford, Stanford University Press, 1985) pp. 4â5
706:
are regarded as the replacement of Taixue. By 725 CE,
386:
inscriptions also mention about this learning center.
1541:
Iconography of the Buddhist Sculpture of Orissa: Text
463:
and the Eighteen Arts, which included skills such as
95:
established an organization of higher learning â the
1878:
1851:
1613:
1153:
Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, 1978.
225:
In the fourth century CE, amid the reign of Emperor
2072:
1558:
1537:
790:and his disciples, and to promote the study of the
362:was established in the third century CE as present
72:
list of oldest universities in continuous operation
2058:. Cornell University Press. 1957. pp. 12â16.
1691:Ancient Indian Education: Brahmanical and Buddhist
1509:. Calcutta, India. 29 January 2007. Archived from
1129:
943:, established in 1088 AD in Italy, is the world's
2107:(in Italian). Mario Adda Editore. pp. 9â10.
774:were private institutions established during the
409:Takshashila is described in some detail in later
103:, which means the "House of Life" â in 2000 BCE.
3107:
179:, served as an organization of higher learning.
2034:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 130â31.
1476:
806:, a private Western-style university, in 1946.
1965:
122:served as organizations of higher learning in
2153:
1750:"TELHARA (NALANDA) EXCAVATION A Brief Report"
1693:. Motilal Banarsidass Pub. pp. 478â489.
1590:
1588:
1531:
1431:
1370:
1356:
1354:
1565:Pratapaditya Pal; Marg Publications (2001).
1019:grew out of the schools associated with the
374:(Hiuen Tsang), who visited it in 639 CE, as
2105:Storia dello Studium di Napoli in etĂ sveva
2102:
2096:
1970:. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. pp. 39â53.
1684:
1682:
1367:, Sixth, Varanasi: Nand Kishore & Bros.
971:were the two major literary schools of the
312:was established in the fifth century CE in
2160:
2146:
1717:
1585:
1390:OpEd in New York Times: Nalanda University
1351:
1233:. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 44.
1425:
1334:
1284:
1098:(3rd ed.), Oxford University Press,
945:oldest university in continuous operation
722:) founded in 976 CE, which is one of the
66:and has been adopted in other regions in
2029:
1959:
1688:
1679:
1660:
1312:
1310:
1308:
1306:
998:, chiefly dedicated to the education of
935:
839:
682:, the ancient imperial academy known as
573:in Bihar (probably older than Nalanda),
343:
289:
17:
1946:
1665:. Motilal Banarsidass Pub. p. 17.
1264:
1262:
1260:
1258:
1256:
1254:
1252:
1250:
1222:
1220:
1093:
506:. Vikramashila was established by King
297:, ancient center of higher learning in
200:. The Mosque of Sankore, the Mosque of
3108:
1316:
1290:
475:lore, were taught, in addition to its
208:constitute what is referred to as the
2141:
1954:
1950:
1435:Indian culture and cult of JagannÄtha
1303:
1226:
1127:
1111:
175:, which was established in 732 CE as
3090:
2940:Ancient higher-learning institutions
1858:. Kessinger Publishing. p. 50.
1247:
1217:
1132:Encyclopedia of Classical Philosophy
1121:Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy
702:(Imperial University of Peking) and
522:. It was destroyed by the forces of
40:ancient higher-learning institutions
1926:Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
1901:Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
1544:. Abhinav Publications. p. 4.
917:
887:, the students of which met at the
835:
518:, is sometimes listed as a notable
268:. The Salai in South India such as
106:In the third century BCE, amid the
13:
1820:
1804:"Introduction of Hunan University"
879:Around 335 BCE, Plato's successor
14:
3127:
2125:
1663:Chandragupta Maurya And His Times
1477:H. K. Mohapatra (December 2004).
1323:Educational Philosophy and Theory
1278:Institution of Education Sciences
1268:
809:
3089:
3080:
3079:
3068:
2167:
1755:. yac.bih.nic.in. Archived from
1299:. Western Washington University.
1199:Hilde de Ridder-Symoens (1994).
1041:University of Naples Federico II
237:
2048:
2023:
2010:
1997:
1984:
1939:
1914:
1889:
1872:
1845:
1829:. jazirehdanesh. Archived from
1814:
1796:
1774:
1742:
1707:
1654:
1635:
1626:
1517:
1495:
1470:
1442:
1416:
1407:
1394:
1096:The Oxford Classical Dictionary
490:
192:In the twelfth century CE, the
82:
1725:"Excavated Remains at Nalanda"
1297:WWU Graduate School Collection
1192:
1172:
1035:(founded in 1088) notably, is
782:and a preparatory school. The
778:which combined functions of a
380:Archaeological Survey of India
215:
182:
1:
1879:Howard Eugene Wilson (1939).
1852:Ellwood P. Cubberley (2004).
1784:. firstpost. 14 December 2014
1689:Mookerji, Radhakumud (1990).
1661:Mookerji, Radhakumud (1966).
1336:10.1080/00131857.2018.1553490
1087:
978:In Western Europe during the
524:Muhammad bin Bakhtiyar Khilji
417:around the fifth century CE.
339:
2346:University technical college
2103:Delle Donne, Fulvio (2010).
1729:UNESCO World Heritage Centre
1538:Thomas E. Donaldson (2001).
953:University of Constantinople
668:
541:Dipankara, a founder of the
242:Major Buddhist monasteries (
7:
1651:. EncyclopĂŠdia Britannica.
1479:"Great Heritages of Orissa"
1317:Peters, Michael A. (2019).
1046:
1025:Monastery of Ste. GeneviĂšve
874:Florentine Platonic Academy
724:four ancient famous Shuyuan
398:or Takshashila, in ancient
220:
155:University of al-Qarawiyyin
10:
3132:
2275:College-preparatory school
1882:Harvard Educational Review
1365:Education in Ancient India
1269:Alemu, Sintayehu Kassaye.
1119:, in Craig, Edward (ed.),
924:Byzantine higher education
921:
802:(992). It was reopened as
794:. It was the successor to
283:
279:
166:
159:
140:
3063:
3042:
3012:
2975:
2935:
2928:
2872:
2831:
2775:
2766:
2729:
2720:
2660:
2653:
2515:
2480:
2391:
2368:
2359:
2285:Comprehensive high school
2255:
2214:
2186:
2176:
1949:, p. 1141; 335 BCE:
1462:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
1402:The Buddha and the Sahibs
830:
389:
276:served the same purpose.
77:
2642:State-integrated school
2516:By funding / eligibility
2295:Continuation high school
2134:(archived 9 August 2003)
2056:The rise of universities
1855:The History of Education
1619:"History of Education",
1227:Lulat, Y. G.-M. (2005).
1165:
1008:Second Council of Toledo
770:was established in 682.
753:
733:
673:
561:Further centres include
556:
87:
3055:Educational institution
2675:Anarchistic free school
2421:Institute of technology
2030:Pedersen, Olaf (1997).
1953:, p. 311; 334 BC:
1647:10 January 2008 at the
1621:EncyclopĂŠdia Britannica
1361:Altekar, Anant Sadashiv
1291:Cunningham, Jeffrey J.
1021:Cathedral of Notre Dame
965:Preslav Literary School
804:Sungkyunkwan University
766:was founded in 372 and
746:was founded in 671 and
726:(Academies) during the
686:was established by the
332:was launched in nearby
232:
187:
2885:Compensatory education
2637:State or public school
2463:Upper division college
1432:Binayak Misra (1986).
973:First Bulgarian Empire
948:
848:
816:Academy of Gondishapur
355:
328:. In 2014 the modern
306:
210:University of Timbuktu
35:
26:(1st c. BC) depicting
2541:Comprehensive school
2468:Vocational university
2018:Education and Culture
2005:Education and Culture
1992:Education and Culture
1885:. Harvard University.
1571:. Marg Publications.
1178:Stephen C. Ferruolo,
1033:University of Bologna
969:Ohrid Literary School
939:
863:, by the philosopher
843:
436:for The knowledge of
347:
293:
194:University of Sankore
173:Ez-Zitouna University
120:Library of Alexandria
21:
3116:Ancient universities
3004:in the United States
2895:Continuing education
2890:Compulsory education
2734:Free school movement
2702:Single-sex education
2687:International school
2670:Democratic education
2549:For-profit education
2536:Community day school
2431:Liberal arts college
2290:Comprehensive school
2280:Collegiate institute
1922:"Plato: The Academy"
1897:"Plato: The Academy"
1823:"University in Iran"
1450:"Orissa's treasures"
579:Jagaddala Mahavihara
569:(circa 550 â 1040),
376:Puphagiri Mahavihara
248:), notably those at
204:, and the Mosque of
3013:Informal or illegal
2967:Medieval university
2910:Inclusive education
2880:College preparatory
2441:Residential college
2436:Research university
2373:Professional school
2248:/ Elementary school
1527:. 17 November 2006.
1513:on 4 February 2013.
1136:, Greenwood Press,
1058:Medieval university
1037:the oldest one ever
1029:Abbey of St. Victor
1017:University of Paris
615:Somapura Mahavihara
575:Somapura Mahavihara
456:studied at Taxila.
274:Parthivapuram Salai
3075:Schools portal
2980:indigenous peoples
2977:Schools imposed on
2915:Remedial education
2849:Distance education
2665:Alternative school
2654:By style / purpose
2629:Specialist school
2488:All-through school
2336:Sixth form college
949:
941:Bologna University
885:Peripatetic school
869:Plutarch of Athens
849:
845:Aristotle's School
704:Nanjing University
413:tales, written in
356:
330:Nalanda University
307:
36:
3103:
3102:
3038:
3037:
2920:Special education
2900:Further education
2827:
2826:
2823:
2822:
2762:
2761:
2749:Montessori school
2744:Laboratory school
2707:Specialist school
2645:
2632:
2577:UK private school
2562:
2544:
2526:
2511:
2510:
2476:
2475:
2411:Community college
2383:Vocational school
2265:Adult high school
2179:educational stage
2065:978-0-8014-9015-6
2041:978-0-521-59431-8
1865:978-1-4191-6605-1
1700:978-81-208-0423-4
1672:978-81-208-0405-0
1606:978-90-04-12556-8
1578:978-81-85026-51-0
1551:978-81-7017-406-6
1491:on 10 April 2009.
1378:Really Old School
1329:(11): 1063â1072.
1210:978-0-521-36105-7
988:cathedral schools
980:Early Middle Ages
700:Peking University
655:Abhayagiri VihÄra
349:Udayagiri, Odisha
270:Kanthalloor Salai
177:Al-Zaytuna Mosque
108:Ptolemaic dynasty
93:Ancient Egyptians
44:cathedral schools
3123:
3093:
3092:
3083:
3082:
3073:
3072:
3071:
2962:Cathedral school
2945:Platonic Academy
2933:
2932:
2905:Gifted education
2859:Prison education
2805:Parochial school
2790:Christian school
2773:
2772:
2739:Folk high school
2727:
2726:
2658:
2657:
2643:
2631:(United Kingdom)
2630:
2614:Selective school
2560:
2542:
2524:
2378:Technical school
2366:
2365:
2330:Secondary school
2234:Global influence
2201:Pre-kindergarten
2184:
2183:
2162:
2155:
2148:
2139:
2138:
2119:
2118:
2100:
2094:
2093:
2076:
2070:
2069:
2052:
2046:
2045:
2027:
2021:
2014:
2008:
2001:
1995:
1988:
1982:
1981:
1963:
1957:
1943:
1937:
1936:
1934:
1932:
1918:
1912:
1911:
1909:
1907:
1893:
1887:
1886:
1876:
1870:
1869:
1849:
1843:
1842:
1840:
1838:
1833:on 25 March 2016
1818:
1812:
1811:
1808:Hunan University
1800:
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1633:
1632:Marshall 1975:81
1630:
1624:
1617:
1611:
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1592:
1583:
1582:
1568:Orissa revisited
1562:
1556:
1555:
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1529:
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1514:
1499:
1493:
1492:
1490:
1484:. Archived from
1483:
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1453:
1446:
1440:
1439:
1438:. Punthi Pustak.
1429:
1423:
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1400:Allen, Charles.
1398:
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1190:
1176:
1146:
1135:
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1108:
996:monastic schools
928:Cathedral school
918:Christian Europe
853:Platonic Academy
836:Classical Greece
825:Platonic Academy
780:Confucian shrine
720:Hunan University
485:military science
483:, and school of
305:from 427 to 1197
48:monastic schools
3131:
3130:
3126:
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3124:
3122:
3121:
3120:
3106:
3105:
3104:
3099:
3069:
3067:
3059:
3034:
3008:
2999:in South Africa
2982:
2978:
2971:
2957:Monastic school
2924:
2868:
2839:Boarding school
2819:
2795:Female seminary
2785:Catholic school
2758:
2716:
2649:
2619:Separate school
2507:
2498:One-room school
2472:
2416:Graduate school
2387:
2355:
2251:
2210:
2188:Early childhood
2172:
2166:
2128:
2123:
2122:
2115:
2101:
2097:
2090:
2080:Storia d'Italia
2078:
2077:
2073:
2066:
2054:
2053:
2049:
2042:
2028:
2024:
2015:
2011:
2002:
1998:
1989:
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1762:on 28 June 2014
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1149:Riché, Pierre.
1144:
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932:Monastic school
920:
838:
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792:Confucian canon
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151:Fatima al-Fihri
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64:medieval Europe
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3043:Related topics
3040:
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3030:in South Tyrol
3027:
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3016:
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3010:
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2994:in New Zealand
2991:
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2864:Virtual school
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2754:Waldorf school
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2569:
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2554:Free education
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2126:External links
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2114:978-8880828419
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607:Andhra Pradesh
603:Nagarjunakonda
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2019:
2013:
2007:, pp. 282â90.
2006:
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2224:First school
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1961:
1947:Furley 2003a
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986:sponsored
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619:Bangladesh
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340:Pushpagiri
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3085:Category
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2800:Gurukula
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2361:Tertiary
1945:336 BC:
1645:Archived
1642:Kautilya
1458:cite web
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