7501:[Property? Bah! It's not a problem. Because when no one works for anyone, the hoarder of wealth disappears, as the government must disappear when no one pays attention to those who learned four things in the universities and for that sole reason they claim to govern men. Because if in the land of the blind the one-eyed man is king, where everyone sees and judges and discerns, the king is in the way. And what is involved is that there are no kings because they are all men. large industrial companies will be transformed by men into large associations where everyone works and enjoys the product of their work. And anarchism deals with those problems that are as simple as they are beautiful and the one who complies with them and lives is the one who is called an anarchist... The emphasis that the anarchist must tirelessly make is that no one should exploit anyone, no man to no man, because that non-exploitation would entail the limitation of property to individual needs.]
7499:ÂżLa propiedad? ¡Bah! No es problema. Porque cuando nadie trabaje para nadie, el acaparador de la riqueza desaparece, como ha de desaparecer el gobierno cuando nadie haga caso a los que aprendieron cuatro cosas en las universidades y por ese sĂłlo hecho pretenden gobernar a los hombres. Porque si en la tierra de los ciegos el tuerto es rey, en donde todos ven y juzgan y disciernen, el rey estorba. Y de lo que se trata es de que no haya reyes porque todos sean hombres. Las grandes empresas industriales las transformarán los hombres en grandes asociaciones donde todos trabajen y disfruten del producto de su trabajo. Y de esos tan sencillos como hermosos problemas trata el anarquismo y al que lo cumple y vive es al que se le llama anarquista...El hincapiĂ© que sin cansancio debe hacer el anarquista es el de que nadie debe explotar a nadie, ningĂşn hombre a ningĂşn hombre, porque esa no-explotaciĂłn llevarĂa consigo la limitaciĂłn de la propiedad a las necesidades individuales.
7364:
picked it up where he had dropped it, and in following it to its logical conclusions, made it the basis of a new economic philosophy...This seems to have been done independently by three different men, of three different nationalities, in three different languages: Josiah Warren, an
American; Pierre J. Proudhon, a Frenchman; Karl Marx, a German Jew...That the work of this interesting trio should have been done so nearly simultaneously would seem to indicate that Socialism was in the air, and that the time was ripe and the conditions favorable for the appearance of this new school of thought...So far as priority of time is concerned, the credit seems to belong to Warren, the American, – a fact which should be noted by the stump orators who are so fond of declaiming against Socialism as an imported article.
3719:
and Roemer model satisfied the main requirements of both socialism (workers own all the factors of production, not just labour) and market economies (prices determine efficient allocation of resources). New
Zealand economist Steven O'Donnell expanded on the Bardhan and Roemer model and decomposed the capital function in a general equilibrium system to take account of entrepreneurial activity in market socialist economies. O'Donnell (2003) set up a model that could be used as a blueprint for transition economies and the results suggested that although market socialist models were inherently unstable in the long term, they would provide in the short term the economic infrastructure necessary for a successful transition from planned to market economies.
3738:
their favor, either in the form of monopoly and market power, or by utilizing their wealth and resources to legislate government policies that benefit their specific business interests. Additionally, Vaněk states that workers in a socialist economy based on cooperative and self-managed enterprises have stronger incentives to maximize productivity because they would receive a share of the profits (based on the overall performance of their enterprise) in addition to receiving their fixed wage or salary. The stronger incentives to maximize productivity that he conceives as possible in a socialist economy based on cooperative and self-managed enterprises might be accomplished in a free-market economy if
3671:
4162:
7460:[capitalism is only the effect of the government; once the government is gone, capitalism falls from its pedestal vertiginously.... What we call capitalism is nothing other than the product of the State, within which the only thing that is cultivated is profit , well or ill-gotten. Fighting, then, against capitalism is a useless task, because whether it is State Capitalism or Company Capitalism, as long as the Government exists, the capital that exploits will exist. The fight, but of conscience, is against the State. ]
4072:, respectively. Officially these economic systems represent market economies that are in the long-term process of transition toward socialism. Key differences between models of market socialism and the Chinese and Vietnamese models include the role of private investment in enterprises, the lack of a social dividend or basic income system to equitably distribute state profits among the population and the existence and role of financial markets in the Chinese model—markets which are absent in the market socialist literature.
4096:) to influence the economy in the same manner governments affect the economy in capitalist economies. The market is the arbitrator for most economic activity, with economic planning being relegated to macro-economic government indicative planning that does not encompass the microeconomic decision-making that is left to the individual organizations and state-owned enterprises. This model includes a significant amount of privately owned firms that operate as a business for profit, but only for consumer goods and services.
3628:. If there were shortages, prices would be raised; if there were surpluses, prices would be lowered. Raising the prices would encourage businesses to increase production, driven by their desire to increase their profits, and in doing so eliminate the shortage. Lowering the prices would encourage businesses to curtail production to prevent losses, which would eliminate the surplus. Therefore, it would be a simulation of the market mechanism, which Lange thought would be capable of effectively managing supply and demand.
3344:
10790:
1517:
3566:
3368:
10753:
4271:
suppress, by sovereign decree, ground rent and interest on capital. I think that all these manifestations of human activity should remain free and voluntary for all: I ask for them no modifications, restrictions or suppressions, other than those which result naturally and of necessity from the universalization of the principle of reciprocity which I propose". Insofar as they ensure the worker's right to the full product of their labor, mutualists support
3332:
71:
2769:
4392:
in big associations in which everyone will work and enjoy the product of their work. And from those easy as well as beautiful problems anarchism deals with and he who puts them in practice and lives them are anarchists. The priority which without rest an anarchist must make is that in which no one has to exploit anyone, no man to no man, since that non-exploitation will lead to the limitation of property to individual needs".
10841:
2375:
10829:
10802:
10778:
3356:
1529:
1500:
3502:", with "cost" here referring not to monetary price paid but the labor one exerted to produce an item. Therefore, "e proposed a system to pay people with certificates indicating how many hours of work they did. They could exchange the notes at local time stores for goods that took the same amount of time to produce". He put his theories to the test by establishing an experimental "labor for labor store" called the
10765:
8665:
7209:
effort on his own part, property distinguished by interest and rent, by the impositions of the non-producer on the producer. Towards property regarded as 'possession' the right of a man to control his dwelling and the land and tools he needs to live, Proudhon had no hostility; indeed, he regarded it as the cornerstone of liberty, and his main criticism of the communists was that they wished to destroy it.
4765:....it is important to realize that the school of thinking calls itself "market socialism" is further divisible along three different lines: (1) whether its goal, market socialism, involves only worker-owned enterprises, or a mix of enterprises some worker-owned, some privately-owned, some nationalized, etc. (2) whether market socialism will eventually by followed by communism...
5936:
4338:
it was, in his eyes, a state-supported monopoly of social capital (tools, machinery, etc.) which allows owners to exploit their employees, i.e., to avoid paying workers the full value of their labour. He thought that the "labouring classes are deprived of their earnings by usury in its three forms, interest, rent and profit". Therefore, "
5132:
that it would be possible to calculate the prices at which general equilibrium would be reached in a socialist economy by solving a complicated system of simultaneous equations . The third stage was marked by the realization, by Lange and others, that markets would indeed be required to find the socialist equilibrium .
3650:
represented as a system of equations. Solution values for these equations could be used to price all goods at marginal cost and direct production. Hayek (1935) argued against the proposal to simulate markets with equations. Dickinson (1939) adopted the Lange-Taylor proposal to simulate markets through trial and error.
3730:
and what to do with outputs) were made on a one-worker, one vote basis. Wolff called them workers self-directed enterprises (WSDEs). How they would interact with one another and with consumers was left open to democratic social decisions and could entail markets or planning, or likely mixtures of both.
4391:
are as follows "Since when no one works for another, the profiteer from wealth disappears, just as government will disappear when no one pays attention to those who learned four things at universities and from that fact they pretend to govern men. Big industrial enterprises will be transformed by men
4337:
presented this
Proudhonian Mutualism in its purest and most systematic form". Later, the American individualist anarchist Benjamin Tucker "was against both the state and capitalism, against both oppression and exploitation. While not against the market and property he was firmly against capitalism as
7208:
Ironically, Proudhon did not mean literally what he said. His boldness of expression was intended for emphasis, and by 'property' he wished to be understood what he later called 'the sum of its abuses'. He was denouncing the property of the man who uses it to exploit the labour of others without any
3718:
proposed a form of market socialism where there was a stock market that distributed shares of the capital stock equally among citizens. In this stock market, there is no buying or selling of stocks that leads to negative externalities associated with a concentration of capital ownership. The
Bardhan
3540:
calling them "Anarchistic-Socialism". Tucker said: "he fact that one class of men are dependent for their living upon the sale of their labour, while another class of men are relieved of the necessity of labour by being legally privileged to sell something that is not labour. And to such a state of
5131:
The first stage was marked by the realization by socialists that prices must be used for economic calculation under socialism; accounting in some kind of 'natural unit,' such as the amount of energy or labor commodities embodied, simply would not work. The second stage was characterized by the view
4365:
shows clearly opposition to capitalism and centralized economies when he said that the individualist anarchist "inwardly he remains refractory – fatally refractory – morally, intellectually, economically (The capitalist economy and the directed economy, the speculators and the fabricators of single
4270:
Mutualism originated from the writings of
Proudhon. Mutualists oppose the idea of individuals receiving an income through loans, investments and rent as they believe these individuals are not laboring. Although opposed this type of income, Proudhon expressed that he had never intended "to forbid or
3753:
Giacomo Corneo, Professor of Public
Finance and Social Policy at the Free University of Berlin, espouses an "updated version of market socialism" where large firms would be publicly owned (though by no more than 51% share), which would allow the government to distribute a social dividend, while the
3657:
rates arbitrarily. Lange and
Dickinson saw potential problems with bureaucratization in market socialism. According to Dickinson, "the attempt to check irresponsibility will tie up managers of socialist enterprises with so much red tape and bureaucratic regulation that they will lose all initiative
3649:
1934). Dickinson proposed a mathematical solution whereby the problems of a socialist economy could be solved by a central planning agency. The central agency would have the necessary statistics on the economy, as well as the capability of using statistics to direct production. The economy could be
2681:
in defence of a socialist outlook, and defending some socialist causes. Within this revised work he also made the radical proposal that the whole wage system be abolished in favour of a co-operative wage system. Nonetheless, some of his views on the idea of flat taxation remained, albeit altered in
7457:
el capitalismo es sĂłlo el efecto del gobierno; desaparecido el gobierno, el capitalismo cae de su pedestal vertiginosamente.... Lo que llamamos capitalismo no es otra cosa que el producto del Estado, dentro del cual lo Ăşnico que se cultiva es la ganancia, bien o mal habida. Luchar, pues, contra el
7172:
The ownership is basically that which is unearned including such things as interest on loans and income from rent. This is contrasted with ownership rights in those goods either produced by the work of the owner or necessary for that work, for example his dwelling-house, land and tools. Proudhon
6988:
Some have endorsed the concept of market socialism, a postcapitalist economy that retains market competition but socializes the means of production, and in some versions, extends democracy to the workplace. Some holdout for a nonmarket, participatory economy. All democratic socialists agree on the
6217:
The blueprint has private ownership in the means of production with respect to small- and medium-sized firms, because we think that individualism at the level of entrepreneurial initiatives is an important ingredient for economic dynamism. But all large firms would be in public ownership, and this
6062:
Finally, there is the curious circumstance that Lange's system is widely hailed as a pioneering effort in the theory of market socialism, when it is demonstrably no such thing: even the name 'market socialism' predates Lange, and Lange's system is explicitly a proposal to replace the market with a
3729:
refocused
Marxian economics giving it a microfoundational focus. The core idea was that transition from capitalism to socialism required the reorganization of the enterprise from a top-down hierarchical capitalist model to a model where all key enterprise decisions (what, how, and where to produce
4816:
Market socialism is the general designation for a number of models of economic systems. On the one hand, the market mechanism is utilized to distribute economic output, to organize production and to allocate factor inputs. On the other hand, the economic surplus accrues to society at large rather
4378:
thought that "capitalism is an effect of government; the disappearance of government means capitalism falls from its pedestal vertiginously. That which we call capitalism is not something else but a product of the State, within which the only thing that is being pushed forward is profit, good or
4344:
will abolish interest; it will abolish profit; it will abolish monopolistic rent; it will abolish taxation; it will abolish the exploitation of labour; it will abolish all means whereby any labourer can be deprived of any of his product". This stance puts him squarely in the libertarian socialist
4017:
Both the
Eastern European and Chinese socialist approaches to market reforms assume that a "market economy" is not necessarily a capitalist market economy, and that a socialist economy is not necessarily a planned economy. This view draws support from Karl Marx's observations that markets existed
3737:
argue that genuinely free markets are not possible under conditions of private ownership of productive property. Instead, he contends that the class differences and inequalities in income and power that result from private ownership enable the interests of the dominant class to skew the market to
7363:
The economic principles of Modern
Socialism are a logical deduction from the principle laid down by Adam Smith in the early chapters of his "Wealth of Nations," – namely, that labor is the true measure of price...Half a century or more after Smith enunciated the principle above stated, Socialism
4116:
perspective which states that a planned socialist economy can only emerge after first developing the basis for socialism through the establishment of a market economy and commodity-exchange economy; and that socialism would only emerge after this stage has exhausted its historical necessity and
2743:
The form of association, however, which if mankind continue to improve, must be expected in the end to predominate, is not that which can exist between a capitalist as chief, and work-people without a voice in the management, but the association of the labourers themselves on terms of equality,
4108:
of state institutions, transforming them into joint-stock companies. As of 2008, there were 150 state-owned corporations directly under the central government. These state-owned corporations have been reformed and become increasingly dynamic and a major source of revenue for the state in 2008,
3597:. Although these early models did not rely on conventional markets, they were labeled market socialist for their utilization of financial prices and calculation. Alternative outlines for market socialism involve models where socially owned enterprises or producer co-operatives operate within
6095:
Usually Oskar Lange is regarded as the originator of the concept of market socialism, in spite of the fact that he never spoke of market socialism and would not have been the first if he had. In fact, Lange's model involves only a partial market simulation for the trial-and-error iterative
4349:
3800:. In particular, in 1983 Nove proposed what he called "feasible socialism", a mixed economy consisting of state-run enterprises, autonomous publicly owned firms, cooperatives and small-scale private enterprise operating in a market economy that included a role for macroeconomic planning.
4583:
involved coercion, exploitation and violence that Smith's moral philosophy could not countenance. McNally criticizes market socialists for believing in the possibility of fair markets based on equal exchanges to be achieved by purging parasitical elements from the market economy such as
3635:
was often labelled as market socialism, it is better described as market simulation because factor markets did not exist for the allocation of capital goods. The objective of the Lange–Lerner model was explicitly to replace markets with a non-market system of resource allocation.
5396:
Mill, in contrast, advances a form of liberal democratic socialism for the enlargement of freedom as well as to realize social and distributive justice. He offers a powerful account of economic injustice and justice that is centered on his understanding of freedom and its
5351:(3rd edition; the passage about flat taxation was altered by the author in this edition, which is acknowledged in this online edition's footnote 8. This sentence replaced in the 3rd ed. a sentence of the original: "It is partial taxation, which is a mild form of robbery".
4321:, was the first anarchist periodical published. For American anarchist historian Eunice Minette Schuster, "t is apparent that Proudhonian Anarchism was to be found in the United States at least as early as 1848 and that it was not conscious of its affinity to the
4366:
systems are equally repugnant to him.)". He argued for a pluralistic economic logic when he said that "Here and there everything happening – here everyone receiving what they need, there each one getting whatever is needed according to their own capacity. Here,
4052:
do not consider it to be a form of market socialism in the neoclassical sense and many Western economists and political scientists question the degree to which this model constitutes a form of market socialism, often preferring to describe it as
3541:
things I am as much opposed as anyone. But the minute you remove privilege every man will be a labourer exchanging with fellow-labourers. What Anarchistic-Socialism aims to abolish is usury it wants to deprive capital of its reward". American
4013:
is allowed to determine prices for consumer goods and agricultural products, and farmers are allowed to sell all or some of their products on the open market and keep some or all of the profit as an incentive to increase and improve production.
4004:
such as heavy industry, energy and infrastructure while introducing decentralised decision making and giving local managers more freedom to make decisions and respond to market demands. Market socialist systems also allow private ownership and
4083:
are state-owned, but a substantial portion of both the state and private sectors of economy are governed by market practices, including a stock exchange for trading equity and the utilization of indirect macroeconomic market mechanisms (i.e.
4099:
In the Chinese system, directive planning based on mandatory output requirements and quotas were displaced by market mechanisms for most of the economy, including both the state and private sectors, although the government engages in
4374:– one product for another; there, exchange – product for representative value. Here, the producer is the owner of the product, there, the product is put to the possession of the collectivity". The Spanish individualist anarchist
2535:
is a form of market simulated planning where a central planning board allocates investment and capital goods by simulating factor market transactions, while markets allocate labor and consumer goods. The system was devised by
6182:...the federal shareholder should retain only 51 percent of their shares. Private ownership of the remaining 29% percent has a key role to play in creating an incentive structure that leads those firms to maximize profits.
7276:
Tucker and Bakunin both shared Proudhon's opposition to private property (in the capitalist sense of the word), although Tucker confused this opposition (and possibly the casual reader) by talking about possession as
3506:
where trade was facilitated by notes backed by a promise to perform labor. The store proved successful and operated for three years after which it was closed so that Warren could pursue establishing colonies based on
7937:
tradition, and that market anarchists can and should call themselves "socialists." See Gary Chartier, "Advocates of Freed Markets Should Oppose Capitalism," "Free-Market Anti-Capitalism?" session, annual conference,
2547:
Real-world attempts to create market socialist economies have only partially implemented the measures envisioned by its theorists, but the term has sometimes been used to describe the results of various attempts at
5195:
2492:
and equality through policy measures such as taxes, subsidies, and social welfare programs, market socialism aims to achieve similar goals through changing patterns of enterprise ownership and management.
4266:
which holds that when labor or its product is sold it ought to receive in exchange goods or services embodying "the amount of labor necessary to produce an article of exactly similar and equal utility".
7458:
capitalismo es tarea inútil, porque sea Capitalismo de Estado o Capitalismo de Empresa, mientras el Gobierno exista, existirá el capital que explota. La lucha, pero de conciencias, es contra el Estado.
4513:
thrived in the 1960s, laying the groundwork for modern left-wing market anarchism. Left-wing market anarchism identifies with left-libertarianism which names several related yet distinct approaches to
3589:
provided the theoretical basis for more comprehensive models of market socialism. Early neoclassical models of socialism included a role for a central planning board (CPB) in setting prices equal to
6204:
4262:. Integral to the scheme was the establishment of a mutual-credit bank that would lend to producers at a minimal interest rate, just high enough to cover administration. Mutualism is based on a
5038:) became commonplace. A special term was considered necessary to distinguish those socialists prepared to accept some role for factor markets from the now mainstream socialists who were not.
5916:
4218:, who started a correspondence with Proudhon. The two influenced each other and met in Paris while Marx was exiled there. Their friendship finally ended when Marx responded to Proudhon's
7173:
initially refers to legitimate rights of ownership of these goods as 'possession,' and although in his latter work he calls this 'property,' the conceptual distinction remains the same.
3873:
characterized pension fund socialism as "a form of market socialism", concluding that it was promising but perhaps with prospects more limited than those envisioned by its enthusiasts.
3601:
under the criterion of profitability. In recent models proposed by American neoclassical economists, public ownership of the means of production is achieved through public ownership of
4283:
in the product of labor. However, mutualists argue for conditional titles to land, whose ownership is legitimate only so long as it remains in use or occupation (which Proudhon called
7922:
6419:
280:
4876:
It is an economic system that combines social ownership of capital with market allocation of capital...The state owns the means of production, and returns accrue to society at large.
8549:
7933:) in maintaining that, because of its heritage and its emancipatory goals and potential, radical market anarchism should be seen – by its proponents and by others – as part of the
6242:
5000:
Social democracy achieves greater egalitarianism via ex post government taxes and subsidies, where market socialism does so via ex ante changes in patterns of enterprise ownership.
3545:
such as Tucker saw themselves as economic market socialists and political individualists while arguing that their "anarchistic socialism" or "individual anarchism" was "consistent
2732:, Mill would argue that "as far as economic theory was concerned, there is nothing in principle in economic theory that precludes an economic order based on socialist policies".
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acquiring shares of private enterprises to socialize ownership and control of firms. Bruenig claims that this form of market socialism is similar to that advocated by
7380:
6367:
5153:
6834:
3653:
The Lange–Dickinson version of market socialism kept capital investment out of the market. Lange (1926 p65) insisted that a central planning board would have to set
4509:. While with notable exceptions market-oriented libertarians after Tucker tended to ally with the political right, relationships between those libertarians and the
4979:
4830:
3624:(1929) proposed that central planning boards set prices through "trial and error", making adjustments as shortages and surpluses occurred rather than relying on a
3809:
3516:
3398:
2561:
4473:
The genealogy of contemporary left-wing market anarchism, sometimes labelled market-oriented left-libertarianism, overlaps to a significant degree with that of
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5070:
y the 1820s, 'Smithian' apologists for industrial capitalism confronted 'Smithian' socialists in a vigorous, and often venomous, debate over political economy.
4630:
2488:
because most models of market socialism propose complete and self-regulating systems, unlike the mixed economy. While social democracy aims to achieve greater
7351:
5449:
3487:, was the first anarchist periodical published, an enterprise for which he built his own printing press, cast his own type, and made his own printing plates.
6794:
4552:. Those left-libertarians who support property do so under different property norms and theories, or under the condition that recompense is offered to the
4383:
or Enterprise capitalism, as long as Government exists, exploiting capital will exist. The fight, but of consciousness, is against the State". His view on
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9339:
3467:
Anarchism was to be found in the United States at least as early as 1848 and that it was not conscious of its affinity to the Individualist Anarchism of
6194:
5499:
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to introduce market elements into its economic system. In this sense, market socialism was first attempted during the 1920s in the Soviet Union as the
2405:
7741:
4579:'s moral intent and moral philosophy espousing equal exchange was undermined by the practice of the free market he championed—the development of the
4192:
and considered among its most influential theorists. Proudhon is considered by many to be the "father of anarchism". Proudhon became a member of the
3855:
is self-described as market socialist. It has an extremely high prevalence of cooperatives, especially in agriculture and retail, with the continued
6856:
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argue in the Marxist tradition that the logic of the market inherently produces inequitable outcomes and leads to unequal exchanges, arguing that
4121:
attempted to go from a natural economy to a planned economy by decree, without passing through the necessary market economy phase of development.
3863:. Cooperative businesses in Vietnam are also incentivized and supported by the government, receiving many benefits that private companies do not.
5226:
7767:
4345:
tradition and, unsurprisingly, Tucker referred to himself many times as a socialist and considered his philosophy to be "narchistic socialism".
10682:
8098:
Sullivan, Mark A. (July 2003). "Why the Georgist Movement Has Not Succeeded: A Personal Response to the Question Raised by Warren J. Samuels."
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privileges. Referred to as left-wing market anarchists or market-oriented left-libertarians, proponents of this approach strongly affirm the
4048:
is used for the allocation of capital goods in both the state and private sectors. However, Chinese political and economic proponents of the
4135:
Some democratic socialists advocate forms of market socialism, some of which are based on self-management. Others advocate for a non-market
6883:
3689:, promoted a model of market socialism dubbed the Illyrian model, where firms were socially owned by their employees and structured around
3447:. Proponents believe that cooperatives, credit unions and other forms of worker ownership would become viable without being subject to the
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7975:
Chris Sciabarra is the only scholar associated with this school of left-libertarianism who is skeptical about anarchism; see Sciabarra's
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collectively owning the capital with which they carry on their operations and working under managers elected and removable by themselves.
1559:
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5636:. The COST consists of the amount of labor bestowed on the mineral or natural wealth, in converting it into metals...". Warren, Josiah.
7256:
The Anarchist FAQ Editorial Collective. "Replies to Some Errors and Distortions in Bryan Caplan's 'Anarchist Theory FAQ' version 5.2".
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gradually transforms itself into socialism. Proponents of this model argue that the economic system of the former Soviet Union and its
6142:
3997:. During the later stages there was talk within top circles that the Soviet Union should move toward a market-based socialist system.
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4482:
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presented this Proudhonian Mutualism in its purest and most systematic form". Josiah Warren is widely regarded as the first American
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for large state enterprises. In comparison with the Soviet-type planned economy, the Chinese socialist market model is based on the
6748:
Du, Julan; Xu, Chenggang (April 2005). "Market socialism or Capitalism? Evidence from Chinese Financial Market Development, 2005".
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described the United States system of regulated pension funds providing capital to financial markets as "pension fund socialism".
5836:
4214:, published in 1840. The book's publication attracted the attention of the French authorities. It also attracted the scrutiny of
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226:
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3639:
H. D. Dickinson published two articles proposing a form of market socialism, namely "Price Formation in a Socialist Community" (
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American economists in the latter half of the 20th century developed models based such as coupon socialism (by the economist
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5868:. "Il Ministro della Produzione nello Stato Collettivista" [The Ministry of Production in the Collectivist State].
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Simon, William H. (1995). "Prospects for Pension Fund Socialism". In McCahery, J.; Picciotto, Sol; Scott, Colin (eds.).
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than to a class of private (capitalist) owners, through some form of collective, public or social ownership of capital.
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rest of the firms would be privately owned and subject to regulations to protect employees, consumers and environment.
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2524:, while removing the market-distorting effects of concentrating ownership and wealth in the hands of a small class of
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Markets Not Capitalism: Individualist Anarchism Against Bosses, Inequality, Corporate Power, and Structural Poverty.
8367:
Man and Matter: A Philosophical Inquiry into the Justification of Ownership in Land from the Basis of Self-Ownership
8065:
5441:
10674:
9090:
7905:
Markets Not Capitalism: Individualist Anarchism Against Bosses, Inequality, Corporate Power, and Structural Poverty
7879:
Markets Not Capitalism: Individualist Anarchism Against Bosses, Inequality, Corporate Power, and Structural Poverty
7521:
Markets Not Capitalism: Individualist Anarchism Against Bosses, Inequality, Corporate Power, and Structural Poverty
5738:
Markets Not Capitalism: Individualist Anarchism Against Bosses, Inequality, Corporate Power, and Structural Poverty
2808:
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17:
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1934:
9897:
5567:
2473:, profits may variously be used to directly remunerate employees, accrue to society at large as the source of
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1994:
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construction of a central plan, which belongs to the set of decentralization procedures in central planning.
3443:. Proudhon envisioned a decentralized market where people would enter the market with equal power, negating
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This form of market socialism has been termed free-market socialism because it does not involve planners.
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3969:(NEP) before being abandoned. Later, elements of market socialism were introduced in Hungary (nicknamed
2520:
economy. The aim of such proposals was to eliminate exploitation by allowing individuals to receive the
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3897:
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2697:, first published in 1848, was one of the most widely read of all books on economics in the period. As
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Baum, Bruce. (2007). "J. S. Mill and Liberal Socialism". In Urbanati, Nadia; Zachars, Alex (eds.).
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to distinguish them from the common conception which these libertarians believe to be riddled with
4415:
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3178:
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2668:
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1308:
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256:
44:
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7298:
6662:"From Belgrade to Beijing : Comparing Socialist Economic Reforms in Eastern Europe and China"
5529:
4258:, either individually or collectively, with trade representing equivalent amounts of labor in the
4060:
Although similar in name, market socialism differs markedly from the socialist market economy and
3701:
2593:
The key theoretical basis for market socialism is the negation of the underlying expropriation of
10806:
9763:
9398:
9142:
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8921:
8816:
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6508:
6420:"Key role of the state economic sector in Vietnam's socialist-oriented market economy undeniable"
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2160:
1888:
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592:
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422:
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7221:
The Anarchist FAQ Editorial Collective. "Section G - Is individualist anarchism capitalistic?".
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5985:
4544:
rights and maintain that natural resources (land, oil, gold and trees) ought to be held in some
4018:
under historical modes of production such as the Roman slave market economy and feudal markets.
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and the means of production. Under such a system, depending on whether socially owned firms are
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Historically, these kinds of market socialist systems attempt to retain state ownership of the
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3670:
3662:(1944), Abba Lerner admitted that capital investment would be politicized in market socialism.
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scheme have been implemented on the basis of public ownership of natural resources in Alaska (
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1979:
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43:. For a particular form of Market socialism practised in the People's Republic of China, see
33:
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in foreign policy; and thoroughly liberal or radical views regarding socio-cultural issues.
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8118:"Why Left-Libertarianism Is Not Incoherent, Indeterminate, or Irrelevant: A Reply to Fried"
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3527:, published in 1852, was the most lucid and complete exposition of Warren's own theories.
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philosophers, conceived of socialism as a natural development of the market principles of
8:
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113:
70:
10336:
10281:
9768:
6884:"Today's State-Owned Enterprises of China: Are They Dying Dinosaurs or Dynamic Dynamos?"
6678:
6661:
3961:
The phrase market socialism has occasionally been used in reference to any attempt by a
3833:
1253:
27:
Economic system based on social ownership of the means of production in a market economy
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10757:
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advocates for a version of market socialism he calls "funds socialism," which involves
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432:
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231:
166:
54:
10146:
7154:
Classical Anarchism: The Political Thought of Godwin, Proudhon, Bakunin, and Kropotkin
4109:
leading the economic recovery in 2009 during the wake of the global financial crises.
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6948:
6857:"InfoViewer: China's champions: Why state ownership is no longer proving a dead hand"
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6483:
6398:
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6048:
From Marx to Mises: Post Capitalist Society and the Challenge of Economic Calculation
6023:
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5926:
5895:
5845:
5366:
5268:
5185:
5120:
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From Marx to Mises: Post Capitalist Society and the Challenge of Economic Calculation
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has been described as attempting market socialist reforms. Similarly, the economy of
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3594:
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3183:
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1959:
1939:
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970:
875:
860:
627:
567:
522:
507:
467:
402:
181:
171:
108:
8365:
8142:
5415:
Principles of Political Economy with some of their Applications to Social Philosophy
4379:
badly acquired. And so to fight against capitalism is a pointless task, since be it
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10794:
10782:
10655:
10521:
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10097:
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9902:
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2029:
2014:
1785:
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1123:
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1020:
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820:
795:
740:
725:
632:
607:
492:
462:
338:
266:
251:
191:
156:
9857:
9842:
7483:
7441:
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7001:
6907:
4755:
Schweickart, David; Lawler, James; Tickten, Hillel; Ollman, Bertell (2016-04-22).
2964:
2544:
nor through solving a system of simultaneous equations for economic coordination.
1303:
965:
695:
10526:
10496:
10316:
10296:
10291:
10286:
10226:
10216:
10211:
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10092:
9952:
9932:
9907:
9837:
9797:
9686:
9681:
9560:
9525:
9520:
9515:
9190:
9053:
8916:
8779:
8774:
8608:
8548:, with other contributions by James Lawler, Hillel Ticktin and David Schewikart.
8526:"The Austrian Dehomogenization Debate, or the Possibility of a Hayekian Planner,"
8453:
8411:
8378:
8351:
8188:
8176:
8079:
8072:
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7950:
7930:
7926:
7341:
7327:
7157:
6342:
5707:
5689:
5471:
5292:
4679:
4610:
4553:
4490:
4451:
4352:
4296:
4247:
4105:
4089:
4036:
The term market socialism has been used to refer to reformed economic systems in
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3893:
3877:
3856:
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3173:
3152:
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950:
935:
885:
855:
790:
730:
690:
612:
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502:
246:
236:
9882:
8494:
Against the Market: Political Economy, Market Socialism and the Marxist Critique
6941:
Financial Markets in Vietnam's Transition Economy: Facts, Insights, Implications
6575:
6011:
5052:
Against the Market: Political Economy, Market Socialism and the Marxist Critique
4362:
3797:
39:
For the left-libertarian proposals sometimes described as market socialism, see
10615:
10556:
10516:
10501:
10436:
10426:
10406:
10396:
10386:
10351:
10331:
10271:
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10156:
10151:
10077:
10007:
9872:
9817:
9666:
9433:
9418:
9349:
9268:
8978:
8200:
8192:
7993:
7109:
6944:
5715:
4659:
4580:
4522:
4447:
4384:
4230:. The dispute became one of the sources of the split between the anarchist and
3841:
3769:
3747:
3743:
3711:
3677:
is a Marxian economist who is a proponent of workers self-directed enterprises.
3621:
3617:
3463:
For American anarchist historian Eunice Minette Schuster, "t is apparent that
3289:
3220:
2994:
2899:
2788:
2573:
2474:
2434:
2309:
2125:
2019:
1863:
1396:
1288:
1258:
1248:
1173:
1143:
1138:
1128:
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995:
955:
925:
865:
805:
780:
720:
407:
216:
10620:
10261:
9937:
5801:
4450:
while maintaining that taken to their logical conclusions these ideas support
4189:
3885:
3816:
was widely considered to have been a form of market-based socialism, based on
3609:
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10855:
10645:
10486:
10476:
10446:
10421:
10391:
10326:
10321:
10256:
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10171:
10107:
10087:
9997:
9977:
9957:
9807:
9575:
9510:
9500:
9468:
9319:
9307:
9273:
9183:
9174:
9127:
8769:
8592:
8534:
8226:
8180:
7896:
7870:
7844:
7821:
7512:
6687:
6532:
6479:
5865:
5802:
5773:
5751:
5729:
5260:
4423:
4326:
4310:
4085:
3866:
3829:
3808:
A number of market socialist elements have existed in various economies. The
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3613:
3590:
3546:
3468:
3309:
3137:
3034:
3004:
2979:
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who believed that a socialist economy could neither function on the basis of
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2359:
2344:
2150:
2140:
2130:
2115:
2095:
2024:
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1790:
1701:
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1421:
1416:
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1233:
1213:
1208:
1183:
1158:
1055:
960:
880:
800:
775:
700:
637:
472:
271:
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8633:
7661:
7620:(2008). "Liberty, Equality, Solidarity: Toward a Dialectical Anarchism". In
5177:
Property and Prophets: the evolution of economic institutions and ideologies
4938:
3044:
705:
10586:
10566:
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10551:
10491:
10371:
10241:
9967:
9947:
9942:
9912:
9812:
9334:
9152:
9005:
8941:
8172:
7918:
7625:
7552:
7534:
7222:
6750:
International Economic Association 2005 Round Table on Market and Socialism
5957:
Taylor, Fred M. (1929). "The Guidance of Production in a Socialist State".
5181:
4649:
4427:
4411:
4367:
4118:
4006:
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3757:
3565:
3512:
3444:
3432:
3188:
3014:
2949:
2934:
2924:
2553:
2462:
2234:
2110:
1974:
1969:
1964:
1949:
1903:
1878:
1853:
1848:
1795:
1649:
1163:
1113:
1108:
1093:
1050:
1035:
1005:
930:
915:
890:
850:
810:
785:
750:
665:
10206:
6882:
Ralston, David A.; Terpstra-Tong, Jane; Terpstra, Robert H.; Wang, Xueli.
6505:
Corporate Control and Accountability: Changing Structures and the Dynamics
1153:
10650:
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10576:
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9827:
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9621:
9570:
9490:
9242:
8946:
8856:
8784:
8605:
Market, State, and Community: Theoretical Foundations of Market Socialism
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8568:
8497:
8083:
7882:
7856:
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5887:
5055:
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4620:
4597:
4545:
4388:
4259:
3990:
3773:
3715:
3697:
3632:
3598:
3491:
3455:
works which argue that free markets help workers and weaken capitalists.
3316:
2690:
which he favoured; and those on earned incomes, which he did not favour.
2672:
2610:
2565:
2532:
2517:
2438:
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2190:
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1268:
1103:
1065:
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985:
945:
910:
845:
835:
815:
770:
685:
655:
617:
512:
355:
285:
151:
8635:
Markets in the Name of Socialism: The Left-Wing Origins of Neoliberalism
6363:
6126:
6109:
5522:"Native American Anarchism: A Study of Left-Wing American Individualism"
4940:
Markets in the name of Socialism: The Left-Wing origins of Neoliberalism
4915:
3534:
fused the economics of Warren and Proudhon and published these ideas in
3367:
2516:, and proposed the creation of co-operative enterprises to compete in a
2496:
Though the term "market socialism" only emerged in the 1920s during the
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10596:
10276:
10266:
10186:
9324:
9195:
9065:
9024:
9000:
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After a decade of political, social and economic turmoil following the
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2698:
1629:
1597:
1356:
1263:
1000:
830:
532:
487:
7293:
Native American Anarchism: A Study of Left-Wing American Individualism
6631:"China: Is its 'socialist market economy' era over? – DW – 03/29/2023"
5712:
Individual Liberty: Selections from the Writings of Benjamin R. Tucker
5649:
Madison, Charles A. (January 1945). "Anarchism in the United States".
4779:
Is Capitalism Obsolete? A Journey through Alternative Economic Systems
4517:, society, culture and political and social theory, which stress both
10708:
10703:
10630:
10456:
10246:
10201:
10136:
9992:
9596:
9535:
9423:
9293:
9169:
9095:
9060:
8884:
8811:
8749:
8707:
8584:
7934:
7193:
6355:
6174:
s Capitalism Obsolete? A Journey through Alternative Economic Systems
5922:
5562:
5087:
4801:
4654:
4593:
4463:
4314:
4251:
4215:
3793:
3480:
3428:
3299:
3284:
3064:
2319:
1843:
1808:
1743:
1607:
1602:
1351:
1193:
1025:
735:
572:
557:
447:
427:
417:
62:
7403:
6218:
would be the key difference with respect to today's economic system.
5664:
10728:
10723:
10625:
10161:
9110:
9105:
9070:
8931:
8841:
6912:
6537:
6195:"Towards Shareholder Socialism? | An interview with Giacomo Corneo"
5557:
5365:(4th ed.). Long Grove, Illinois: Waveland Press. p. 172.
4890:"Social Dividend Versus Basic Income Guarantee in Market Socialism"
4664:
4514:
4510:
4280:
3464:
3237:
2675:
that he moved toward a more socialist bent, adding chapters to his
1696:
8218:
7768:"Libertarian Left: Free-market anti-capitalism, the unknown ideal"
7377:""Anarchist Individualism as a Life and Activity" by Émile Armand"
7255:
7220:
5597:
Josiah Warren: The First American Anarchist – A Sociological Study
5034:
It was in the early 1920s that the expression 'market socialism' (
4079:
is frequently referred to as a socialist market economy where the
10541:
10441:
9366:
8846:
8801:
8557:
Introducing Entrepreneurial Activity Into Market Socialist Models
8344:
8314:
8283:
8260:
6476:
The Unseen Revolution: How Pension Fund Socialism Came to America
4729:
4439:
4348:
4231:
3978:
3848:
3784:
Another form of market socialism has been promoted by critics of
3681:
Economists active in the former Yugoslavia, including Czech-born
3440:
3436:
3117:
2636:. These models of socialism entailed perfecting or improving the
2052:
1828:
1083:
562:
542:
3608:
The earliest models of neoclassical socialism were developed by
10840:
10471:
10411:
9132:
8664:
8019:
7943:
7942:(Cæsar's Palace, Las Vegas, NV, 13 April 2010); Gary Chartier,
6829:
6603:[Libyan Jamahiriya between past and present - Part 1].
6235:"Common Wealth: workers' ownership in the history of socialism"
5777:
5758:. Free-Market Anti-Capitalism?. Cæsar's Palace, Las Vegas, NV:
4371:
4040:, most notably in reference to the contemporary economy of the
3458:
2715:, it was the standard text until 1919, when it was replaced by
2453:, which have substituted the market mechanism for some form of
2374:
2180:
1088:
10828:
10801:
10777:
6802:. International Conference on China's Planning System Reform.
6764:
6601:"Libijska džamahirija između prošlosti i sadašnjosti - 1. dio"
5805:; Tulsa Alliance of the Libertarian Left (12 September 2009).
4754:
3938:
in 1978 and formally amended its constitution in adopting the
3557:
that is based on a revival of such market socialist theories.
3355:
2601:. Socialist theories that favored the market date back to the
2484:
Market socialism can be distinguished from the concept of the
1528:
1499:
9116:
7944:"Advocates of Freed Markets Should Embrace 'Anti-Capitalism'"
7631:
Anarchism/Minarchism: Is a Government Part of a Free Country?
7320:
Various Authors. "Benjamin Tucker: Capitalist or Anarchist".
5778:"Advocates of Freed Markets Should Embrace 'Anti-Capitalism'"
5603:. Boston: Small, Maynard & Co. p. 20. Archived from
3264:
3252:
900:
8675:
8116:
Vallentyne, Peter; Steiner, Hillel; Otsuka, Michael (2005).
7557:
The Homebrew Industrial Revolution: A Low-Overhead Manifesto
7036:
6881:
2437:. Various models for such a system exist, usually involving
8024:. Rothbard Memorial Lecture, Austrian Scholars Conference.
5388:
J. S. Mill's Political Thought: A Bicentennial Reassessment
3881:
3665:
2735:
Mill also promoted substituting capitalist businesses with
333:
3742:
were the norm as envisioned by various thinkers including
8354:. Center for a Stateless Society. Retrieved 8 April 2020.
6143:"Cooperative Economics: An Interview with Jaroslav Vanek"
5684:
5682:
4021:
4009:
in the service and other secondary economic sectors. The
3660:
The Economics of Control: Principles of Welfare Economics
2686:
to reflect a concern for differentiating restrictions on
6016:
The Socialist System: the political economy of communism
4477:
as the roots of that tradition are sketched in the book
3483:, and the four-page weekly paper he edited during 1833,
2531:
Although sometimes described as "market socialism", the
8115:
7282:
6391:
Reform Rule in Czechoslovakia: The Dubcek Era 1968–1969
4414:, Roderick T. Long, Charles W. Johnson, Brad Spangler,
3907:
Policies similar to the market socialist proposal of a
3451:. Market socialism has also been used to describe some
8412:"Land-locked: A Critique of Carson on Property Rights"
6765:"Socialism and the market: China and Vietnam compared"
5679:
4862:
Comparing Economic Systems in the Twenty-First Century
4631:
Worker representation on corporate boards of directors
4532:, left-libertarians believe that neither claiming nor
4317:
and the four-page weekly paper he edited during 1833,
3693:, competing with each other in open and free markets.
10817:
6767:. Links International Journal for Socialist Renewal.
3985:
has been described as a market socialist system. The
3828:. Some of the economic reforms introduced during the
4592:, arguing that market socialism is an oxymoron when
3892:
could be described as a form of market socialism as
3658:
and independence" (Dickinson 1938, p. 214). In
8345:"The Organic Emergence of Property from Reputation"
7761:
7759:
5756:
Advocates of Freed Markets Should Oppose Capitalism
4974:
3945:
8357:
7804:Total Freedom: Toward a Dialectical Libertarianism
6077:Market Socialism Or the Restoration of Capitalism?
5361:Ekelund, Robert B. Jr.; HĂ©bert, Robert F. (1997).
5252:
8171:
8109:
7988:
7404:"Anarchist Individualism and Amorous Comradeship"
5319:
4295:. However, some individualist anarchists such as
3645:1933) and "The Problems of a Socialist Economy" (
2624:Proponents of early market socialism include the
10853:
7756:
6989:need for a democratic alternative to capitalism.
6329:
5418:(7th ed.). London: Longmans, Green and Co.
3989:attempted to introduce a market system with its
2477:, or be distributed amongst the population in a
8400:
7895:
7869:
7843:Gillis, William (2011). "The Freed Market". In
7523:. Brooklyn, NY: Minor Compositions/Autonomedia.
7511:
7067:The Blackwell Encyclopedia of Political Thought
6445:"Vietnam to release white book on cooperatives"
5728:
5331:"On The General Principles of Taxation, V.2.14"
8167:
8165:
8163:
8021:Rothbard's 'Left and Right': Forty Years Later
7836:
7742:"Workers of the World Unite for a Free Market"
7539:Organization Theory: A Libertarian Perspective
6796:The Role of Planning in China's Market Economy
6311:"Feasible Socialism: Market or Plan – Or Both"
2457:, market socialists wish to retain the use of
8691:
8554:
8546:Market Socialism: the Debate Among Socialists
8244:
6825:"Reassessing China's State-Owned Enterprises"
6417:
6107:
5360:
4859:
4757:Market Socialism: The Debate Among Socialists
3779:
3392:
2711:dominated economics teaching. In the case of
2399:
1553:
8337:
8306:
8045:Related, arguably synonymous, terms include
6968:Anderson, Gary L.; Herr, Kathryn G. (2007).
6967:
6756:
5251:(2004). Bentham, Jeremy; Ryan, Alan (eds.).
5010:
5008:
4860:Gregory, Paul R.; Stuart, Robert C. (2003).
3792:. The most notable of these economists were
3459:Individualist anarchism in the United States
8615:
8541:Brooklyn, NY:Minor Compositions/Autonomedia
8160:
8101:American Journal of Economics and Sociology
7940:Association of Private Enterprise Education
7319:
6970:Encyclopedia of Activism and Social Justice
6110:"Market socialism, a case for rejuvenation"
5837:The New Palgrave: A Dictionary of Economics
5760:Association of Private Enterprise Education
5589:
5587:
5585:
5446:Mutualist Blog: Free Market Anti-Capitalism
5286:
5284:
5223:Mutualist Blog: Free Market Anti-Capitalism
4206:. Proudhon's best-known assertion is that "
3981:) in the 1970s and 1980s. The contemporary
2449:. In contrast to the majority of historic
8698:
8684:
8573:Equal Shares: Making Market Socialism Work
8275:
7658:"Market Anarchism as Stigmergic Socialism"
7395:
7184:
6788:
6786:
6108:Bardhan, Pranab; Roemer, Johen E. (1992).
5146:"The Forgotten Vision of Market Socialism"
4895:International Journal of Political Economy
4795:
4139:based on decentralized economic planning.
3942:as the country's economic system in 1993.
3399:
3385:
2406:
2392:
1560:
1546:
8445:
8253:"Panarchy Flourishes Under Geo-Mutualism"
7956:Socialist Ends, Market Means: Five Essays
7798:
7297:. Againstallauthority.org. Archived from
7106:Proudhon's Solution of the Social Problem
6677:
6125:
5808:Socialist Ends, Market Means: Five Essays
5495:The General Idea of Proudhon's Revolution
5005:
4313:is widely regarded as the first American
3844:, included elements of market socialism.
3560:
3423:which attacks the legitimacy of existing
8451:
8078:
8039:
7820:
7655:
7634:. Aldershot: Ashgate. pp. 155–188.
7190:Beyond Schooling: An Anarchist Challenge
7100:
6598:
5750:
5582:
5551:
5549:
5547:
5470:
5281:
5081:
4887:
4828:
4347:
4160:
3669:
3666:Late 20th century and early 21st century
3564:
3228:Korean People's Association in Manchuria
9153:Marxism–Leninism–Maoism–Gonzalo Thought
8631:
8491:
8250:
7765:
7739:
7712:
7616:
7575:Reason and Value: Aristotle versus Rand
7151:
7084:Tandy, Francis D. (1896). "Chapter 6".
6783:
6707:
6705:
6473:
6265:
6232:
5983:
5648:
5442:"Eugene Plawiuk on Anarchist Socialism"
5363:A history of economic theory and method
5049:
4936:
4236:International Working Men's Association
4188:is the first person to call himself an
4124:
4112:This economic model is defended from a
14:
10854:
9158:Marxism–Leninism–Maoism–Prachanda Path
8599:
8567:
8363:
8312:
7925:, and others (echoing the language of
7842:
7674:
7551:
7533:
7401:
7128:"What is Mutualism? VI. Land and Rent"
7061:
7000:
6545:from the original on 29 September 2023
6533:"Cuba inches towards market socialism"
6335:
6171:
6074:
6042:
6010:
5956:
5914:
5706:
5593:
5555:
5439:
5290:
5216:
5110:
5014:
4776:
4475:Steiner–Vallentyne left-libertarianism
4200:, whereon he referred to himself as a
4077:socialism with Chinese characteristics
4028:Socialism with Chinese characteristics
4022:Socialism with Chinese characteristics
3733:Advocates of market socialism such as
3419:developed a theoretical system called
3211:International Workingmen's Association
2588:
2583:
10683:International socialist organizations
8679:
8454:"Rothbard as a Political Philosopher"
8388:from the original on 6 September 2021
8251:Schnack, William (13 November 2015).
7740:Richman, Sheldon (18 December 2009).
7577:. Washington, DC: Objectivist Center.
7410:from the original on 24 November 2016
7266:from the original on 22 November 2018
7083:
6938:
6920:from the original on 7 September 2019
6793:Chow, Gregory C. (24–25 March 2004).
6711:
6652:
6650:
6502:
6388:
6338:"Yugoslavia: Prospects for Stability"
6278:from the original on October 14, 2018
6261:
6259:
6228:
6226:
5886:
5833:
5570:from the original on 1 September 2011
5544:
5412:(1909). Ashley, William James (ed.).
5293:"John Stuart Mill: Political Economy"
4483:Carson–Long-style left-libertarianism
4210:", contained in his first major work
4064:models practiced in the contemporary
3585:Beginning in the early 20th century,
3580:
2707:had during an earlier period, Mill's
1329:International socialist organizations
277:To each according to his contribution
8583:
8406:
8343:Gillis, William (29 November 2015).
8282:Byas, Jason Lee (25 November 2015).
8281:
8066:An Egalitarian-Libertarian Manifesto
8014:
7766:Richman, Sheldon (3 February 2011).
7656:Spangler, Brad (15 September 2006).
7587:
7569:
7470:
7428:
7288:
6792:
6762:
6747:
6702:
6656:
6207:from the original on 28 January 2022
5834:Caffé, F. (1987). "Barone, Enrico".
5772:
5519:
5408:
5385:
5325:
5247:
5198:from the original on 8 February 2024
5173:
5143:
4426:, who stress the value of radically
4254:society where each person possess a
2628:, the classical liberal philosopher
10764:
8589:The Economics of Feasible Socialism
7881:. Brooklyn, NY: Minor Compositions/
7855:. Brooklyn, NY: Minor Compositions/
7808:Pennsylvania State University Press
7721:from the original on 3 January 2020
7018:
6939:Vuong, Quan-Hoang (February 2010).
6714:"Market Economy and Socialist Road"
6679:10.13169/worlrevipoliecon.12.3.0296
6298:The Economics of Feasible Socialism
6266:Bruenig, Matt (February 11, 2017).
6233:Bruenig, Matt (28 September 2018).
6153:from the original on 17 August 2021
6140:
5307:from the original on 6 January 2010
5297:Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
5150:Institute for New Economic Thinking
4489:and in the work of figures such as
3950:
3498:. Josiah Warren termed the phrase "
2662:
2461:signals to guide the allocation of
24:
8518:
8325:from the original on 28 March 2019
8294:from the original on 28 March 2019
8185:The Encyclopedia of Libertarianism
7998:The origins of Left Libertarianism
7340:
7122:
7006:Anarchism: From Theory to Practice
6932:
6837:from the original on 11 April 2019
6771:from the original on 10 April 2019
6647:
6256:
6223:
5864:
5815:from the original on 28 March 2019
5811:. Center for a Stateless Society.
5688:
5558:"What do anarchists want from us?"
5556:Palmer, Brian (29 December 2010).
5488:
5452:from the original on 27 March 2019
4796:O'Hara, Phillip (September 2000).
4479:The Origins of Left-Libertarianism
4355:, American individualist anarchist
3605:and social control of investment.
2644:by removing distortions caused by
2441:and sometimes a mix that includes
25:
10908:
8657:
8313:Carson, Kevin (8 November 2015).
7907:(1 ed.). Minor Compositions.
7713:Richman, Sheldon (16 July 2006).
7593:"An Interview With Roderick Long"
7383:from the original on 12 June 2018
7237:from the original on 1 March 2021
7043:from the original on 17 June 2019
7023:Realism and Nationalism 1852-1871
7008:. New York: Monthly Review Press.
6908:"China grows faster amid worries"
6726:from the original on 10 July 2012
6666:World Review of Political Economy
6572:Revolutionary Committees Movement
6474:Drucker, Peter Ferdinand (1976).
5990:. M.E. Sharpe. pp. 414–415.
5740:(1 ed.). Minor Compositions.
5440:Carson, Kevin (19 January 2006).
5229:from the original on 6 March 2019
4832:Ethics, Efficiency and the Market
4798:Encyclopedia of Political Economy
4725:Socialist-oriented market economy
4503:American individualist anarchists
4410:associated with scholars such as
4062:socialist-oriented market economy
4002:commanding heights of the economy
3973:), Czechoslovakia (sloganized as
3921:Government Pension Fund of Norway
3861:commanding heights of the economy
3853:socialist-oriented market economy
2380:Business and economics portal
10839:
10827:
10800:
10788:
10776:
10763:
10752:
10751:
8663:
8485:
8139:10.1111/j.1088-4963.2005.00030.x
8008:
7982:
7969:
7911:
7889:
7863:
7826:Economic Justice and Natural Law
7814:
7792:
7733:
7706:
6455:from the original on 8 July 2020
6418:Luong Minh Cu (13 August 2019).
6336:Gagnon, V.P. Jr. (Summer 1991).
6114:Journal of Economic Perspectives
5476:The Ghost of Anarcho-Syndicalism
5174:Hunt, E. K. (20 November 2002).
3946:Relation to political ideologies
3366:
3354:
3342:
3330:
2767:
2558:Hungary's New Economic Mechanism
2373:
1527:
1515:
1498:
69:
10607:
10128:
9784:
9745:
9721:
9429:Dictatorship of the proletariat
8474:from the original on 2013-09-11
8434:from the original on 2014-07-08
8284:"The Moral Irrelevance of Rent"
8233:from the original on 2023-01-09
8028:from the original on 2022-06-07
7668:
7649:
7638:from the original on 2022-06-26
7610:
7599:from the original on 2020-03-27
7581:
7563:
7545:
7527:
7505:
7464:
7422:
7402:Armand, Émile (16 April 2020).
7369:
7354:from the original on 2012-05-03
7334:
7313:
7249:
7214:
7178:
7145:
7134:from the original on 2020-12-04
7116:
7094:
7077:
7055:
7029:
7012:
6994:
6961:
6900:
6875:
6849:
6817:
6623:
6599:Iveković, Ivan (3 April 2009).
6592:
6557:
6525:
6496:
6467:
6437:
6411:
6382:
6370:from the original on 2021-08-24
6303:
6290:
6245:from the original on 2023-08-11
6187:
6165:
6134:
6101:
6068:
6036:
6004:
5977:
5950:
5939:from the original on 2024-02-08
5908:
5880:
5858:
5827:
5795:
5784:from the original on 2019-09-29
5766:
5744:
5722:
5700:
5652:Journal of the History of Ideas
5642:
5622:
5513:
5502:from the original on 2021-06-29
5482:
5464:
5433:
5422:from the original on 2016-03-07
5402:
5379:
5354:
5341:from the original on 7 May 2019
5335:Principles of Political Economy
5255:Utilitarianism and other essays
5241:
5210:
5167:
5156:from the original on 2023-08-21
5137:
5111:Roemer, John (1 January 1994).
5104:
5075:
5043:
4957:from the original on 2020-11-28
3722:In the early 21st century, the
3494:and joined Owen's community at
2730:Principles of Political Economy
2684:Principles of Political Economy
2678:Principles of Political Economy
9672:Organizational self-management
8537:; Johnson, Charles W. (2011).
8461:Journal of Libertarian Studies
8420:Journal of Libertarian Studies
8319:Center for a Stateless Society
8288:Center for a Stateless Society
8257:Center for a Stateless Society
5918:Economic Justice and Democracy
5892:Collectivist Economic Planning
5217:Carson, Kevin (16 July 2006).
4976:Roosevelt III, Franklin Delano
4968:
4930:
4908:10.1080/08911916.2004.11042930
4853:
4822:
4789:
4770:
4748:
4398:is a market socialist form of
4360:French individualist anarchist
4299:started calling possession as
4224:with the provocatively titled
3900:shared many similarities with
3803:
3788:and generally of neoclassical
2632:and the anarchist philosopher
2626:Ricardian socialist economists
13:
1:
9652:Free association of producers
9409:Critique of political economy
8705:
8571:(1996). Wright, E. O. (ed.).
8126:Philosophy and Public Affairs
7681:The New Libertarian Manifesto
6607:(in Croatian). Archived from
5219:"J.S. Mill, Market Socialist"
4943:. Stanford University Press.
4741:
4168:was the primary proponent of
4070:Socialist Republic of Vietnam
2275:Commons-based peer production
1995:Socialism of the 21st century
162:Critique of political economy
10867:Comparative economic systems
10739:Socialist calculation debate
10714:Economic calculation problem
9692:Socialist mode of production
7559:. Charleston, SC: BookSurge.
7541:. Charleston, SC: BookSurge.
7482:(in Spanish). Archived from
7440:(in Spanish). Archived from
7104:(1927). Cohen, Henry (ed.).
5959:The American Economic Review
5082:Stiglitz, Joseph E. (1996).
4563:
4142:
4075:The Chinese experience with
3826:market allocation of capital
3587:neoclassical economic theory
3572:mural reading "Free market,
3411:
2621:of the means of production.
2542:calculation in natural units
2498:socialist calculation debate
1432:Socialist calculation debate
1402:List of socialist economists
1377:Economic calculation problem
262:Socialist mode of production
119:Socialist calculation debate
7:
10807:Organized Labour portal
9546:Socialisation of production
8544:Bertell Ollman ed. (1998).
8529:Review of Political Economy
8524:Alejandro Agafonow (2012).
8175:; Trenchard, David (2008).
6268:"Nickel-and-Dime Socialism"
6149:. Vol. 5, no. 1.
6050:. Open Court. p. 151.
5022:. Open Court. p. 177.
4603:
4540:is enough to generate full
4244:anarchist school of thought
4157:Mutualism (economic theory)
3975:socialism with a human face
3963:Soviet-type planned economy
3890:Libya under Muammar Gaddafi
3818:socially-owned cooperatives
3057:Philosophies and tendencies
2522:full product of their labor
41:Mutualism (economic theory)
10:
10913:
10053:Mikhail Saltykov-Shchedrin
9878:Victor Prosper Considerant
8555:O'Donnell, Steven (2003).
8201:10.4135/9781412965811.n174
8088:The Murray Bookchin Reader
8055:egalitarian-libertarianism
7966:. Cp. Tucker, "Socialism."
7903:, eds. (5 November 2011).
7830:Cambridge University Press
7379:. Spaz.org. 1 March 2002.
7289:Schuster, Eunice Minette.
7025:. Read Books. p. 118.
6395:Cambridge University Press
6081:Cambridge University Press
5736:, eds. (5 November 2011).
5520:Schuster, Eunice Minette.
5392:Cambridge University Press
5291:Wilson, Fred, ed. (2007).
4829:Buchanan, Alan E. (1985).
4685:Public–private partnership
4548:manner, either unowned or
4485:is rooted in 19th-century
4446:ideas of free markets and
4396:Left-wing market anarchism
4319:The Peaceful Revolutionist
4172:and influenced many later
4146:
4128:
4066:People's Republic of China
4042:People's Republic of China
4025:
3954:
3898:Third International Theory
3790:general equilibrium theory
3780:Anti-equilibrium economics
3551:Left-wing market anarchism
3485:The Peaceful Revolutionist
3233:Spanish Revolution of 1936
2433:within the framework of a
38:
31:
10747:
10696:
10673:
10605:
10126:
9918:William Batchelder Greene
9853:Francisco Largo Caballero
9782:
9743:
9719:
9710:
9589:
9379:
9251:
9206:
9033:
8869:
8728:
8715:
8640:Stanford University Press
8632:Bockman, Johanna (2011).
8561:Auckland University Press
8452:Verhaegh, Marcus (2006).
7917:Gary Chartier has joined
7773:The American Conservative
7676:Konkin III, Samuel Edward
6806:. Beijing. Archived from
5870:Giornale degli Economisti
4937:Bockman, Johanna (2011).
4227:The Poverty of Philosophy
4221:The Philosophy of Poverty
4198:French Revolution of 1848
3490:Warren was a follower of
3349:Libertarianism portal
2814:Revolutionary spontaneity
2682:the third edition of the
2570:economic reforms of China
1769:Socialist-oriented market
1427:Socialism and LGBT rights
371:Socialist-oriented market
319:Socialist planned economy
222:Material balance planning
10063:Friedrich Wilhelm Schulz
9556:Socialist market economy
8625:Rowman & Littlefield
8315:"Are We All Mutualists?"
8051:left-wing libertarianism
7800:Sciabarra, Chris Matthew
7472:Igualada, Miguel Giménez
7430:Igualada, Miguel Giménez
7152:Crowder, George (1991).
6943:. SaarbrĂĽcken, Germany:
6424:National Defence Journal
6178:Harvard University Press
6172:Corneo, Giacomo (2017).
6147:New Renaissance Magazine
5594:Bailie, William (1906).
5117:Harvard University Press
4978:; Belkin, David (1994).
4783:Harvard University Press
4777:Corneo, Giacomo (2017).
4695:Employee stock ownership
4596:is defined as an end to
4466:positions in economics;
4416:Samuel Edward Konkin III
4050:socialist market economy
4032:Socialist market economy
3977:), Yugoslavia (known as
3940:socialist market economy
3902:Yugoslav self-management
3822:workers' self-management
3740:employee-owned companies
3691:workers' self-management
3543:individualist anarchists
3216:Revolutions of 1917–1923
3179:Libertarian municipalism
3169:Democratic confederalism
3133:Chaulieu–Montal tendency
2882:Workers' self-management
366:Socialist market economy
291:Workers' self-management
257:Socialism in one country
104:Age of the Enlightenment
45:Socialist market economy
32:Not to be confused with
9774:Étienne-Gabriel Morelly
9764:Gabriel Bonnot de Mably
9444:Equality of opportunity
9399:Criticism of capitalism
9148:Marxism–Leninism–Maoism
8905:Left-wing laissez-faire
8492:McNally, David (1993).
8064:Sundstrom, William A. "
7806:. University Park, PA:
7715:"Why Left-Libertarian?"
7102:Proudhon, Pierre-Joseph
6509:Oxford University Press
6075:Aslund, Anders (1992).
6020:Oxford University Press
5987:Making Modern Economics
5526:againstallauthority.org
5050:McNally, David (1993).
4888:Marangos, John (2004).
4837:Oxford University Press
4420:Chris Matthew Sciabarra
4400:individualist anarchism
4376:Miguel Giménez Igualada
4323:Individualist Anarchism
4184:The French philosopher
4174:individualist anarchist
4153:Individualist anarchism
4038:Marxist–Leninist states
3500:cost the limit of price
3453:individualist anarchist
3092:Individualist anarchism
2862:Participatory economics
2722:Principles of Economics
2439:cooperative enterprises
1367:Criticism of capitalism
378:Participatory economics
212:Labour-time calculation
10882:Neoclassical economics
10877:Libertarianism by form
10846:Business and economics
10432:José Carlos Mariátegui
10377:E. M. S. Namboodiripad
10362:Martin Luther King Jr.
10043:Luis Emilio Recabarren
10038:Pierre-Joseph Proudhon
9973:Alexandre Ledru-Rollin
9662:Labor-time calculation
9627:Decentralized planning
9531:Proletarian revolution
9486:State-owned enterprise
9404:Criticism of socialism
7853:Markets Not Capitalism
6804:Asian Development Bank
5984:Skousen, Mark (2001).
5915:Hahnel, Robin (2005).
5113:A Future for Socialism
4710:New Economic Mechanism
4670:Neoclassical economics
4356:
4186:Pierre-Joseph Proudhon
4181:
4166:Pierre-Joseph Proudhon
3762:sovereign wealth funds
3678:
3577:
3561:Neoclassical economics
3553:is a modern branch of
3525:The Science of Society
3417:Pierre-Joseph Proudhon
2847:Decentralized planning
2842:Co-operative economics
2746:
2634:Pierre-Joseph Proudhon
1372:Criticism of socialism
324:Decentralized planning
227:Peer‑to‑peer economics
10892:Socialist calculation
10770:Socialism WikiProject
10532:LĂ©opold SĂ©dar Senghor
10237:Cornelius Castoriadis
10103:Alfred Russel Wallace
9868:Nikolay Chernyshevsky
9833:Louis Auguste Blanqui
9793:Stephen Pearl Andrews
9622:Cooperative ownership
9143:Maoism–Third Worldism
8187:. Thousand Oaks, CA:
8177:"Left Libertarianism"
8059:libertarian socialism
7065:(1987). "Mutualism".
6449:VietNam Breaking News
6389:Golan, Galia (1971).
4981:Why Market Socialism?
4715:Social market economy
4495:French Liberal School
4408:libertarian socialism
4351:
4331:Stephen Pearl Andrews
4264:labor theory of value
4246:and market socialist
4164:
4149:Free-market anarchism
4137:participatory economy
3936:reform and opening-up
3919:) and in Norway (the
3917:Alaska Permanent Fund
3673:
3620:(c. 1936). Lange and
3570:Libertarian socialist
3568:
3555:free-market anarchism
3521:Stephen Pearl Andrews
3504:Cincinnati Time Store
3473:Stephen Pearl Andrews
2799:Egalitarian community
2784:Anti-authoritarianism
2761:Libertarian socialism
2741:
2728:In later editions of
2562:economy of Yugoslavia
34:Social market economy
10795:Communism portal
10783:Socialism portal
10734:Socialism by country
10342:Pablo Iglesias Posse
10048:Henri de Saint-Simon
10003:Nikolay Mikhaylovsky
9657:Industrial democracy
9464:History of socialism
9459:History of communism
9454:History of anarchism
8672:at Wikimedia Commons
8623:. Lanham, Maryland:
8364:Bylund, Per (2005).
7478:[Anarchism]
7436:[Anarchism]
7186:Hargreaves, David H.
7124:Swartz, Clarence Lee
7071:Blackwell Publishing
6976:, inc. p. 448.
6044:Steele, David Ramsay
5894:. pp. 245–290.
5016:Steele, David Ramsay
4839:. pp. 104–105.
4761:Taylor & Francis
4569:Market abolitionists
4505:Benjamin Tucker and
4131:Democratic socialism
4125:Democratic socialism
3704:(by the philosopher
3655:capital accumulation
3647:The Economic Journal
3642:The Economic Journal
3626:free price mechanism
3593:in order to achieve
3496:New Harmony, Indiana
3361:Socialism portal
3337:Anarchism portal
3305:Democratic socialism
3243:New social movements
2857:Industrial democracy
2607:anarchist economists
2603:Ricardian socialists
2538:socialist economists
2305:Newly industrialized
2048:Collective ownership
1909:Vertical archipelago
1522:Communism portal
1505:Socialism portal
197:Industrial democracy
147:Collective ownership
10872:Economic ideologies
10537:George Bernard Shaw
10452:François Mitterrand
10367:Alexandra Kollontai
10347:Jayaprakash Narayan
10028:Constantin Pecqueur
9848:Philippe Buonarroti
9803:John Goodwyn Barmby
9702:Workplace democracy
9612:Calculation in kind
9602:Anarchist economics
9551:Socialist economics
9449:Equality of outcome
9389:Anarchist economics
9101:Ho Chi Minh Thought
9018:Orthodox Trotskyism
8974:Libertarian Marxism
8969:Left-libertarianism
8195:. pp. 288–89.
7901:Johnson, Charles W.
7875:Johnson, Charles W.
7849:Johnson, Charles W.
7618:Johnson, Charles W.
7517:Johnson, Charles W.
7301:on 14 February 2016
7087:Voluntary Socialism
6763:Karadjis, Michael.
6317:on 20 November 2008
6203:. 8 December 2018.
6127:10.1257/jep.6.3.101
5734:Johnson, Charles W.
5532:on 14 February 2016
5301:Stanford University
4785:. pp. 192–197.
4735:Types of capitalism
4690:Socialist economics
4675:Keynesian economics
4590:means of production
4499:Gustave de Molinari
4418:, Sheldon Richman,
4404:left-libertarianism
4256:means of production
4102:indicative planning
4094:industrial policies
3967:New Economic Policy
3928:Cultural Revolution
3519:. Warren said that
3373:Politics portal
3109:Anarcho-syndicalism
2872:Socialist economics
2737:worker cooperatives
2669:economic philosophy
2599:modes of production
2589:Classical economics
2584:Theoretical history
2578:New Economic Policy
2514:classical economics
2506:Ricardian socialist
2502:pre-Marx socialists
2471:worker cooperatives
2451:socialist economies
2447:private enterprises
2431:means of production
2290:Inclusive Democracy
1407:Market abolitionism
1392:Left-libertarianism
329:Inclusive Democracy
296:Workplace democracy
142:Calculation in kind
124:Socialist economics
114:Revolutions of 1848
10897:Left-wing politics
10719:Marxist philosophy
10636:Kemal Kılıçdaroğlu
10462:Gamal Abdel Nasser
10417:Alasdair MacIntyre
10192:Simone de Beauvoir
9963:Ferdinand Lassalle
9730:Tommaso Campanella
9677:Production for use
9637:Economic democracy
9506:Mode of production
9496:Left-wing politics
9475:The Internationale
9163:Xi Jinping Thought
8617:Schweickart, David
8531:, Vol. 24, No. 02.
8375:LUP Student Papers
8350:2020-03-27 at the
8148:on 3 November 2012
8071:2013-10-29 at the
8002:Palgrave Macmillan
7962:2019-03-28 at the
7949:2019-09-29 at the
7489:on 31 January 2017
7447:on 31 January 2017
7347:Individual Liberty
7330:on 7 January 2012.
7196:. pp. 90–91.
7160:. pp. 85–86.
7020:Binkley, Robert C.
6611:on 1 February 2014
6063:non-market system.
6046:(September 1999).
5842:Palgrave Macmillan
5638:Equitable Commerce
5610:on 4 February 2012
5084:Whither Socialism?
5018:(September 1999).
4643:Worker cooperative
4550:owned collectively
4534:mixing one's labor
4530:right-libertarians
4519:individual freedom
4357:
4277:artificial markets
4208:Property is theft!
4182:
4081:commanding heights
3983:Economy of Belarus
3884:under the rule of
3702:economic democracy
3679:
3633:Lange–Lerner model
3581:Early 20th century
3578:
3248:Zapatista uprising
2877:Worker cooperative
2852:Economic democracy
2778:Political concepts
2609:, who advocated a
2490:economic stability
2228:Material balancing
1710:Buddhist economics
1412:Marxist philosophy
232:Production for use
202:Input–output model
167:Economic democracy
10815:
10814:
10688:Socialist parties
10669:
10668:
10572:Ram Manohar Lohia
10512:Gaetano Salvemini
10307:Mikhail Gorbachev
10018:Antonie Pannekoek
9647:Equal opportunity
9642:Economic planning
9375:
9374:
9264:African-Caribbean
9252:Regional variants
8984:Council communism
8852:Saint-Simonianism
8668:Media related to
8649:978-0-8047-7566-3
8507:978-0-86091-606-2
8408:Long, Roderick T.
8263:on 10 August 2018
8210:978-1-4129-6580-4
8016:Long, Roderick T.
7990:Vallentyne, Peter
7953:; Gary Chartier,
7859:. pp. 19–20.
7622:Long, Roderick T.
7589:Long, Roderick T.
7571:Long, Roderick T.
7039:. Mutualist.org.
6974:SAGE Publications
6954:978-3-639-23383-4
6712:Zhongqiao, Duan.
6541:. 27 March 2011.
6451:. 10 March 2020.
6296:Nove, A. (1983),
6176:. Cambridge, MA:
6141:Perkins, Albert.
6029:978-0-19-828776-6
5997:978-0-7656-0479-8
5932:978-0-415-93344-5
5901:978-0-7100-1506-8
5851:978-1-56159-197-8
5754:(13 April 2010).
5694:Instead of a Book
5410:Mill, John Stuart
5372:978-1-57766-381-2
5327:Mill, John Stuart
5274:978-0-14-043272-5
5249:Mill, John Stuart
5191:978-0-7656-0609-9
5086:. Cambridge, MA:
5065:978-0-86091-606-2
4995:978-1-56324-465-0
4986:M.E. Sharpe, Inc.
4950:978-0-8047-7566-3
4846:978-0-8476-7396-4
4781:. Cambridge, MA:
4700:Liberal socialism
4586:private ownership
4538:natural resources
4497:thinkers such as
4460:anti-hierarchical
4444:classical liberal
4335:William B. Greene
4289:personal property
4250:that advocates a
4212:What Is Property?
4194:French Parliament
4046:free price system
3995:Mikhail Gorbachev
3971:goulash communism
3724:Marxian economist
3706:David Schweickart
3595:Pareto efficiency
3511:. These included
3477:William B. Greene
3409:
3408:
3260:Rojava Revolution
3196:
3195:
3184:Utopian socialism
3143:Council communism
2713:Oxford University
2704:Wealth of Nations
2642:free price system
2597:present in other
2459:supply and demand
2455:economic planning
2416:
2415:
1926:By regional model
1720:Sabbath economics
1570:
1569:
1362:Communist society
1334:Socialist parties
593:Saint-Simonianism
182:Equal opportunity
172:Economic planning
109:French Revolution
16:(Redirected from
10904:
10862:Market socialism
10844:
10843:
10832:
10831:
10823:
10805:
10804:
10793:
10792:
10791:
10781:
10780:
10767:
10766:
10755:
10754:
10656:Yanis Varoufakis
10609:
10522:Jean-Paul Sartre
10507:Bertrand Russell
10482:Sylvia Pankhurst
10467:Jawaharlal Nehru
10337:Dolores Ibárruri
10302:Einar Gerhardsen
10282:Alexander DubÄŤek
10232:Nikolai Bukharin
10142:Salvador Allende
10130:
10113:Wilhelm Weitling
10098:Suzanne Voilquin
10083:William Thompson
10073:Lysander Spooner
10033:Georgi Plekhanov
10023:Giovanni Pascoli
9988:Errico Malatesta
9983:Helen Macfarlane
9928:Alexander Herzen
9903:Friedrich Engels
9898:Prosper Enfantin
9893:W. E. B. Du Bois
9863:Edward Carpenter
9823:Eduard Bernstein
9786:
9769:Sylvain Maréchal
9747:
9723:
9717:
9716:
9682:Public ownership
9632:Direct democracy
9617:Common ownership
9581:Workers' council
9566:State capitalism
9481:Internationalism
9414:Critique of work
9394:Anti-revisionism
9076:Marxism–Leninism
8910:Left-wing market
8867:
8866:
8827:Social democracy
8710:
8700:
8693:
8686:
8677:
8676:
8670:Market socialism
8667:
8653:
8628:
8621:After Capitalism
8612:
8596:
8580:
8564:
8512:
8511:
8489:
8483:
8482:
8480:
8479:
8473:
8458:
8449:
8443:
8442:
8440:
8439:
8433:
8416:
8404:
8398:
8397:
8395:
8393:
8387:
8372:
8361:
8355:
8341:
8335:
8334:
8332:
8330:
8310:
8304:
8303:
8301:
8299:
8279:
8273:
8272:
8270:
8268:
8259:. Archived from
8248:
8242:
8241:
8239:
8238:
8169:
8158:
8157:
8155:
8153:
8147:
8141:. Archived from
8122:
8113:
8107:
8095:
8080:Bookchin, Murray
8043:
8037:
8036:
8034:
8033:
8012:
8006:
8005:
7986:
7980:
7973:
7967:
7915:
7909:
7908:
7893:
7887:
7886:
7885:. pp. 1–16.
7867:
7861:
7860:
7840:
7834:
7833:
7818:
7812:
7811:
7796:
7790:
7789:
7787:
7785:
7776:. Archived from
7763:
7754:
7753:
7752:on 22 July 2014.
7748:. Archived from
7737:
7731:
7730:
7728:
7726:
7710:
7704:
7703:
7701:
7699:
7693:
7687:. Archived from
7686:
7672:
7666:
7665:
7660:. Archived from
7653:
7647:
7646:
7644:
7643:
7614:
7608:
7607:
7605:
7604:
7585:
7579:
7578:
7567:
7561:
7560:
7553:Carson, Kevin A.
7549:
7543:
7542:
7535:Carson, Kevin A.
7531:
7525:
7524:
7509:
7503:
7502:
7496:
7494:
7488:
7481:
7468:
7462:
7461:
7454:
7452:
7446:
7439:
7426:
7420:
7419:
7417:
7415:
7399:
7393:
7392:
7390:
7388:
7373:
7367:
7366:
7360:
7359:
7342:Tucker, Benjamin
7338:
7332:
7331:
7326:. Archived from
7323:An Anarchist FAQ
7317:
7311:
7310:
7308:
7306:
7286:
7280:
7279:
7273:
7271:
7259:An Anarchist FAQ
7253:
7247:
7246:
7244:
7242:
7236:
7229:
7224:An Anarchist FAQ
7218:
7212:
7211:
7182:
7176:
7175:
7149:
7143:
7142:
7140:
7139:
7120:
7114:
7113:
7098:
7092:
7091:
7081:
7075:
7074:
7059:
7053:
7052:
7050:
7048:
7033:
7027:
7026:
7016:
7010:
7009:
6998:
6992:
6991:
6965:
6959:
6958:
6936:
6930:
6929:
6927:
6925:
6916:. 16 July 2009.
6904:
6898:
6897:
6896:on 20 July 2011.
6895:
6889:. Archived from
6888:
6879:
6873:
6872:
6870:
6868:
6859:. Archived from
6853:
6847:
6846:
6844:
6842:
6821:
6815:
6814:
6812:
6801:
6790:
6781:
6780:
6778:
6776:
6760:
6754:
6753:
6745:
6736:
6735:
6733:
6731:
6725:
6718:
6709:
6700:
6699:
6681:
6654:
6645:
6644:
6642:
6641:
6627:
6621:
6620:
6618:
6616:
6596:
6590:
6589:
6587:
6586:
6580:
6574:. Archived from
6569:
6561:
6555:
6554:
6552:
6550:
6529:
6523:
6522:
6500:
6494:
6493:
6471:
6465:
6464:
6462:
6460:
6441:
6435:
6434:
6432:
6430:
6415:
6409:
6408:
6386:
6380:
6379:
6377:
6375:
6356:10.2307/20044816
6333:
6327:
6326:
6324:
6322:
6313:. Archived from
6307:
6301:
6294:
6288:
6287:
6285:
6283:
6263:
6254:
6253:
6251:
6250:
6230:
6221:
6220:
6214:
6212:
6191:
6185:
6184:
6169:
6163:
6162:
6160:
6158:
6138:
6132:
6131:
6129:
6105:
6099:
6098:
6072:
6066:
6065:
6040:
6034:
6033:
6008:
6002:
6001:
5981:
5975:
5974:
5954:
5948:
5947:
5945:
5944:
5912:
5906:
5905:
5888:Hayek, Friedrich
5884:
5878:
5877:
5862:
5856:
5855:
5831:
5825:
5824:
5822:
5820:
5799:
5793:
5792:
5790:
5789:
5770:
5764:
5763:
5748:
5742:
5741:
5726:
5720:
5719:
5718:. pp. 1–19.
5708:Tucker, Benjamin
5704:
5698:
5697:
5690:Tucker, Benjamin
5686:
5677:
5676:
5646:
5640:
5626:
5620:
5619:
5617:
5615:
5609:
5602:
5591:
5580:
5579:
5577:
5575:
5553:
5542:
5541:
5539:
5537:
5528:. Archived from
5517:
5511:
5510:
5508:
5507:
5486:
5480:
5479:
5472:Bookchin, Murray
5468:
5462:
5461:
5459:
5457:
5437:
5431:
5430:
5428:
5427:
5406:
5400:
5399:
5383:
5377:
5376:
5358:
5352:
5350:
5348:
5346:
5323:
5317:
5316:
5314:
5312:
5288:
5279:
5278:
5258:
5245:
5239:
5238:
5236:
5234:
5214:
5208:
5207:
5205:
5203:
5171:
5165:
5164:
5162:
5161:
5144:Ackerman, Seth.
5141:
5135:
5134:
5108:
5102:
5101:
5079:
5073:
5072:
5047:
5041:
5040:
5036:marktsozialismus
5012:
5003:
5002:
4972:
4966:
4965:
4963:
4962:
4934:
4928:
4927:
4885:
4879:
4878:
4857:
4851:
4850:
4826:
4820:
4819:
4793:
4787:
4786:
4774:
4768:
4767:
4752:
4720:Social ownership
4626:Co-determination
4616:Crony capitalism
4558:global community
4542:private property
4507:Lysander Spooner
4468:anti-imperialism
4456:anti-corporatist
4381:State capitalism
4305:private property
4293:private property
4178:social anarchist
4119:satellite states
4114:Marxist–Leninist
4055:state capitalism
4007:entrepreneurship
3957:Marxism–Leninism
3951:Marxism–Leninism
3871:William H. Simon
3834:Alexander DubÄŤek
3786:central planning
3766:Yanis Varoufakis
3727:Richard D. Wolff
3675:Richard D. Wolff
3401:
3394:
3387:
3371:
3370:
3359:
3358:
3347:
3346:
3345:
3335:
3334:
3333:
3295:Social democracy
3161:Other tendencies
3075:Social anarchism
3061:
3060:
2819:Workers' control
2804:Free association
2794:Decentralization
2771:
2748:
2747:
2688:unearned incomes
2663:John Stuart Mill
2650:private property
2638:market mechanism
2630:John Stuart Mill
2619:mutual ownership
2615:public ownership
2526:private property
2504:, including the
2427:social ownership
2419:Market socialism
2408:
2401:
2394:
2378:
2377:
2136:Municipalization
2121:Financialization
2091:Collectivization
2073:Social ownership
2063:Private property
2057:Common ownership
2015:Common ownership
1829:Closed (autarky)
1786:State capitalism
1764:Socialist market
1749:Market socialist
1585:Economic systems
1572:
1571:
1562:
1555:
1548:
1534:Organized Labour
1532:
1531:
1520:
1519:
1518:
1503:
1502:
1447:Workers' council
1084:Gracchi Brothers
608:Social democracy
351:Market socialism
339:Project Cybersyn
267:Soviet democracy
252:Social ownership
207:Internationalism
187:Free association
157:Common ownership
73:
50:
49:
21:
18:Market Socialism
10912:
10911:
10907:
10906:
10905:
10903:
10902:
10901:
10852:
10851:
10850:
10838:
10826:
10818:
10816:
10811:
10799:
10789:
10787:
10775:
10743:
10692:
10665:
10601:
10527:Arthur Scargill
10497:Pierre Renaudel
10317:Antonio Gramsci
10297:Muammar Gaddafi
10292:Faiz Ahmad Faiz
10287:Albert Einstein
10227:Aristide Briand
10217:Murray Bookchin
10212:Grace Lee Boggs
10197:Walter Benjamin
10167:Chiang Kai-shek
10147:InejirĹŤ Asanuma
10122:
10093:Benjamin Tucker
9953:Peter Kropotkin
9933:Thomas Hodgskin
9908:Charles Fourier
9888:Théodore Dézamy
9838:Philippe Buchez
9798:Mikhail Bakunin
9778:
9754:Gracchus Babeuf
9739:
9706:
9687:Social dividend
9585:
9561:Socialist state
9526:Post-capitalism
9521:Planned economy
9516:Nationalization
9381:
9371:
9247:
9202:
9037:
9029:
8927:Insurrectionary
8873:
8865:
8731:
8724:
8711:
8706:
8704:
8660:
8650:
8609:Clarendon Press
8569:Roemer, John E.
8521:
8519:Further reading
8516:
8515:
8508:
8490:
8486:
8477:
8475:
8471:
8456:
8450:
8446:
8437:
8435:
8431:
8414:
8405:
8401:
8391:
8389:
8385:
8379:Lund University
8370:
8362:
8358:
8352:Wayback Machine
8342:
8338:
8328:
8326:
8311:
8307:
8297:
8295:
8280:
8276:
8266:
8264:
8249:
8245:
8236:
8234:
8211:
8170:
8161:
8151:
8149:
8145:
8120:
8114:
8110:
8104:. 62:3. p. 612.
8073:Wayback Machine
8044:
8040:
8031:
8029:
8013:
8009:
7994:Steiner, Hillel
7987:
7983:
7974:
7970:
7964:Wayback Machine
7951:Wayback Machine
7931:Thomas Hodgskin
7927:Benjamin Tucker
7923:Charles Johnson
7916:
7912:
7894:
7890:
7868:
7864:
7841:
7837:
7819:
7815:
7797:
7793:
7783:
7781:
7780:on 10 June 2019
7764:
7757:
7738:
7734:
7724:
7722:
7711:
7707:
7697:
7695:
7691:
7684:
7673:
7669:
7664:on 10 May 2011.
7654:
7650:
7641:
7639:
7615:
7611:
7602:
7600:
7586:
7582:
7568:
7564:
7550:
7546:
7532:
7528:
7510:
7506:
7492:
7490:
7486:
7479:
7469:
7465:
7450:
7448:
7444:
7437:
7427:
7423:
7413:
7411:
7400:
7396:
7386:
7384:
7375:
7374:
7370:
7357:
7355:
7339:
7335:
7318:
7314:
7304:
7302:
7287:
7283:
7269:
7267:
7254:
7250:
7240:
7238:
7234:
7227:
7219:
7215:
7204:
7183:
7179:
7168:
7158:Clarendon Press
7150:
7146:
7137:
7135:
7121:
7117:
7099:
7095:
7082:
7078:
7060:
7056:
7046:
7044:
7035:
7034:
7030:
7017:
7013:
6999:
6995:
6984:
6966:
6962:
6955:
6937:
6933:
6923:
6921:
6906:
6905:
6901:
6893:
6886:
6880:
6876:
6866:
6864:
6863:on 11 July 2011
6855:
6854:
6850:
6840:
6838:
6833:. 8 July 2008.
6823:
6822:
6818:
6813:on 26 May 2004.
6810:
6799:
6791:
6784:
6774:
6772:
6761:
6757:
6746:
6739:
6729:
6727:
6723:
6716:
6710:
6703:
6655:
6648:
6639:
6637:
6629:
6628:
6624:
6614:
6612:
6597:
6593:
6584:
6582:
6578:
6567:
6563:
6562:
6558:
6548:
6546:
6531:
6530:
6526:
6519:
6511:. p. 167.
6501:
6497:
6490:
6472:
6468:
6458:
6456:
6443:
6442:
6438:
6428:
6426:
6416:
6412:
6405:
6387:
6383:
6373:
6371:
6343:Foreign Affairs
6334:
6330:
6320:
6318:
6309:
6308:
6304:
6295:
6291:
6281:
6279:
6264:
6257:
6248:
6246:
6231:
6224:
6210:
6208:
6193:
6192:
6188:
6170:
6166:
6156:
6154:
6139:
6135:
6106:
6102:
6091:
6073:
6069:
6058:
6041:
6037:
6030:
6022:. p. 476.
6009:
6005:
5998:
5982:
5978:
5955:
5951:
5942:
5940:
5933:
5925:. p. 170.
5913:
5909:
5902:
5885:
5881:
5863:
5859:
5852:
5844:. p. 195.
5840:. Vol. 1.
5832:
5828:
5818:
5816:
5800:
5796:
5787:
5785:
5771:
5767:
5749:
5745:
5727:
5723:
5705:
5701:
5687:
5680:
5665:10.2307/2707055
5647:
5643:
5628:"A watch has a
5627:
5623:
5613:
5611:
5607:
5600:
5592:
5583:
5573:
5571:
5554:
5545:
5535:
5533:
5518:
5514:
5505:
5503:
5487:
5483:
5469:
5465:
5455:
5453:
5438:
5434:
5425:
5423:
5407:
5403:
5384:
5380:
5373:
5359:
5355:
5344:
5342:
5324:
5320:
5310:
5308:
5289:
5282:
5275:
5246:
5242:
5232:
5230:
5215:
5211:
5201:
5199:
5192:
5172:
5168:
5159:
5157:
5142:
5138:
5127:
5109:
5105:
5098:
5080:
5076:
5066:
5048:
5044:
5030:
5013:
5006:
4996:
4973:
4969:
4960:
4958:
4951:
4935:
4931:
4886:
4882:
4872:
4864:. p. 142.
4858:
4854:
4847:
4827:
4823:
4812:
4800:. Vol. 2.
4794:
4790:
4775:
4771:
4763:. p. 105.
4753:
4749:
4744:
4739:
4680:Planned economy
4611:Anti-capitalism
4606:
4566:
4491:Thomas Hodgskin
4452:anti-capitalist
4353:Benjamin Tucker
4297:Benjamin Tucker
4248:economic theory
4159:
4147:Main articles:
4145:
4133:
4127:
4106:corporatization
4034:
4026:Main articles:
4024:
3959:
3953:
3948:
3909:social dividend
3894:Muammar Gaddafi
3857:state ownership
3806:
3782:
3685:and Croat-born
3668:
3583:
3574:anti-capitalist
3563:
3532:Benjamin Tucker
3461:
3425:property rights
3414:
3405:
3365:
3353:
3343:
3341:
3331:
3329:
3322:
3321:
3280:
3272:
3271:
3206:
3198:
3197:
3174:Guild socialism
3153:Western Marxism
3058:
3050:
3049:
2895:
2887:
2886:
2837:Anti-capitalism
2832:
2824:
2823:
2779:
2717:Alfred Marshall
2665:
2654:alienated labor
2591:
2586:
2508:economists and
2479:social dividend
2469:or operated as
2423:economic system
2412:
2372:
2365:
2364:
2330:Post-industrial
2325:Post-capitalist
2285:Hunter-gatherer
2270:
2262:
2261:
2176:
2168:
2167:
2146:Nationalization
2106:Demutualization
2101:Corporatization
2086:
2078:
2077:
2068:State ownership
2043:
2035:
2034:
2010:
2002:
2001:
1927:
1919:
1918:
1889:Robinson Crusoe
1824:
1823:By coordination
1816:
1815:
1800:Traditionalist
1660:Neomercantilist
1620:
1612:
1593:
1566:
1526:
1516:
1514:
1497:
1490:
1489:
1460:
1452:
1451:
1442:Socialist state
1437:Socialist Party
1382:Economic system
1347:
1339:
1338:
1324:
1314:
1313:
1079:
1071:
1070:
651:
643:
642:
458:Democratic road
393:
383:
382:
309:
301:
300:
247:Social dividend
237:Sharing economy
137:
129:
128:
99:
91:
48:
37:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
10910:
10900:
10899:
10894:
10889:
10884:
10879:
10874:
10869:
10864:
10849:
10848:
10836:
10813:
10812:
10810:
10809:
10797:
10785:
10773:
10761:
10748:
10745:
10744:
10742:
10741:
10736:
10731:
10726:
10721:
10716:
10711:
10706:
10700:
10698:
10694:
10693:
10691:
10690:
10685:
10679:
10677:
10671:
10670:
10667:
10666:
10664:
10663:
10658:
10653:
10648:
10643:
10638:
10633:
10628:
10623:
10618:
10616:Pedro Castillo
10612:
10610:
10603:
10602:
10600:
10599:
10594:
10589:
10584:
10579:
10574:
10569:
10564:
10559:
10557:E. P. Thompson
10554:
10549:
10544:
10539:
10534:
10529:
10524:
10519:
10517:Bernie Sanders
10514:
10509:
10504:
10502:B. T. Ranadive
10499:
10494:
10489:
10484:
10479:
10474:
10469:
10464:
10459:
10454:
10449:
10444:
10439:
10437:Adrien Marquet
10434:
10429:
10427:Nelson Mandela
10424:
10419:
10414:
10409:
10407:Rosa Luxemburg
10404:
10399:
10397:Vladimir Lenin
10394:
10389:
10387:Henri Lefebvre
10384:
10379:
10374:
10369:
10364:
10359:
10354:
10352:Russell Jacoby
10349:
10344:
10339:
10334:
10332:Saddam Hussein
10329:
10324:
10319:
10314:
10309:
10304:
10299:
10294:
10289:
10284:
10279:
10274:
10272:Eugene V. Debs
10269:
10264:
10259:
10254:
10249:
10244:
10239:
10234:
10229:
10224:
10222:Bertolt Brecht
10219:
10214:
10209:
10204:
10199:
10194:
10189:
10184:
10182:Henri Barbusse
10179:
10174:
10169:
10164:
10159:
10157:Clement Attlee
10154:
10152:Hafez al-Assad
10149:
10144:
10139:
10133:
10131:
10124:
10123:
10121:
10120:
10115:
10110:
10105:
10100:
10095:
10090:
10085:
10080:
10078:Fred M. Taylor
10075:
10070:
10065:
10060:
10055:
10050:
10045:
10040:
10035:
10030:
10025:
10020:
10015:
10010:
10008:William Morris
10005:
10000:
9995:
9990:
9985:
9980:
9975:
9970:
9965:
9960:
9955:
9950:
9945:
9940:
9935:
9930:
9925:
9920:
9915:
9910:
9905:
9900:
9895:
9890:
9885:
9880:
9875:
9873:James Connolly
9870:
9865:
9860:
9855:
9850:
9845:
9840:
9835:
9830:
9825:
9820:
9818:Edward Bellamy
9815:
9810:
9805:
9800:
9795:
9789:
9787:
9780:
9779:
9777:
9776:
9771:
9766:
9761:
9759:Victor d'Hupay
9756:
9750:
9748:
9741:
9740:
9738:
9737:
9732:
9726:
9724:
9714:
9708:
9707:
9705:
9704:
9699:
9694:
9689:
9684:
9679:
9674:
9669:
9667:Labour voucher
9664:
9659:
9654:
9649:
9644:
9639:
9634:
9629:
9624:
9619:
9614:
9609:
9604:
9599:
9593:
9591:
9587:
9586:
9584:
9583:
9578:
9573:
9568:
9563:
9558:
9553:
9548:
9543:
9538:
9533:
9528:
9523:
9518:
9513:
9508:
9503:
9498:
9493:
9488:
9483:
9478:
9471:
9466:
9461:
9456:
9451:
9446:
9441:
9436:
9434:Egalitarianism
9431:
9426:
9421:
9419:Class struggle
9416:
9411:
9406:
9401:
9396:
9391:
9385:
9383:
9377:
9376:
9373:
9372:
9370:
9369:
9364:
9359:
9354:
9353:
9352:
9347:
9345:In one country
9337:
9332:
9327:
9322:
9317:
9312:
9311:
9310:
9300:
9299:
9298:
9297:
9296:
9286:
9276:
9271:
9266:
9261:
9255:
9253:
9249:
9248:
9246:
9245:
9240:
9235:
9234:
9233:
9228:
9218:
9212:
9210:
9204:
9203:
9201:
9200:
9199:
9198:
9188:
9187:
9186:
9181:
9180:
9179:
9178:
9177:
9167:
9166:
9165:
9160:
9155:
9150:
9145:
9140:
9130:
9125:
9120:
9113:
9108:
9103:
9098:
9093:
9088:
9083:
9073:
9063:
9058:
9057:
9056:
9045:
9043:
9031:
9030:
9028:
9027:
9022:
9021:
9020:
9015:
9014:
9013:
9008:
8998:
8993:
8988:
8987:
8986:
8979:Left communism
8971:
8966:
8965:
8964:
8959:
8954:
8949:
8944:
8939:
8934:
8929:
8924:
8919:
8914:
8913:
8912:
8907:
8897:
8892:
8881:
8879:
8864:
8863:
8862:
8861:
8860:
8859:
8849:
8844:
8839:
8829:
8824:
8819:
8814:
8809:
8804:
8799:
8794:
8789:
8788:
8787:
8782:
8772:
8767:
8762:
8757:
8752:
8747:
8742:
8736:
8734:
8726:
8725:
8716:
8713:
8712:
8703:
8702:
8695:
8688:
8680:
8674:
8673:
8659:
8658:External links
8656:
8655:
8654:
8648:
8629:
8613:
8597:
8581:
8565:
8552:
8542:
8535:Chartier, Gary
8532:
8520:
8517:
8514:
8513:
8506:
8484:
8444:
8399:
8356:
8336:
8305:
8274:
8243:
8209:
8193:Cato Institute
8181:Hamowy, Ronald
8159:
8133:(2): 201–215.
8108:
8106:
8105:
8096:
8094:. p. 170.
8076:
8047:libertarianism
8038:
8007:
7981:
7968:
7910:
7897:Chartier, Gary
7888:
7871:Chartier, Gary
7862:
7845:Chartier, Gary
7835:
7822:Chartier, Gary
7813:
7791:
7755:
7746:Freeman Online
7732:
7705:
7694:on 5 June 2014
7667:
7648:
7609:
7580:
7562:
7544:
7526:
7513:Chartier, Gary
7504:
7463:
7421:
7394:
7368:
7333:
7312:
7281:
7248:
7213:
7202:
7177:
7166:
7144:
7115:
7110:Vanguard Press
7093:
7076:
7054:
7037:"Introduction"
7028:
7011:
7002:Guérin, Daniel
6993:
6983:978-1412918121
6982:
6960:
6953:
6945:VDM Publishing
6931:
6899:
6874:
6848:
6816:
6782:
6755:
6737:
6701:
6660:(2021-10-01).
6646:
6622:
6591:
6556:
6524:
6517:
6495:
6488:
6466:
6436:
6410:
6403:
6381:
6328:
6302:
6289:
6255:
6222:
6186:
6164:
6133:
6100:
6089:
6083:. p. 20.
6067:
6057:978-0875484495
6056:
6035:
6028:
6003:
5996:
5976:
5949:
5931:
5907:
5900:
5890:, ed. (1935).
5879:
5872:(in Italian).
5866:Barone, Enrico
5857:
5850:
5826:
5803:Chartier, Gary
5794:
5774:Chartier, Gary
5765:
5752:Chartier, Gary
5743:
5730:Chartier, Gary
5721:
5716:Vanguard Press
5699:
5696:. p. 404.
5678:
5641:
5621:
5581:
5543:
5512:
5490:Graham, Robert
5481:
5463:
5432:
5401:
5378:
5371:
5353:
5318:
5280:
5273:
5240:
5209:
5190:
5184:. p. 72.
5166:
5136:
5126:978-0674339460
5125:
5119:. p. 28.
5103:
5096:
5074:
5064:
5058:. p. 44.
5042:
5029:978-0875484495
5028:
5004:
4994:
4967:
4949:
4929:
4880:
4870:
4852:
4845:
4821:
4811:978-0415241878
4810:
4804:. p. 71.
4788:
4769:
4746:
4745:
4743:
4740:
4738:
4737:
4732:
4727:
4722:
4717:
4712:
4707:
4702:
4697:
4692:
4687:
4682:
4677:
4672:
4667:
4662:
4660:Market failure
4657:
4652:
4647:
4646:
4645:
4635:
4634:
4633:
4623:
4618:
4613:
4607:
4605:
4602:
4581:market economy
4565:
4562:
4523:social justice
4448:self-ownership
4385:class division
4287:), advocating
4144:
4141:
4129:Main article:
4126:
4123:
4023:
4020:
3993:reforms under
3955:Main article:
3952:
3949:
3947:
3944:
3842:Czechoslovakia
3805:
3802:
3781:
3778:
3770:Rudolf Meidner
3748:James S. Albus
3744:Louis O. Kelso
3735:Jaroslav Vaněk
3712:Pranab Bardhan
3683:Jaroslav Vaněk
3667:
3664:
3622:Fred M. Taylor
3618:Oskar R. Lange
3582:
3579:
3562:
3559:
3460:
3457:
3413:
3410:
3407:
3406:
3404:
3403:
3396:
3389:
3381:
3378:
3377:
3376:
3375:
3363:
3351:
3339:
3324:
3323:
3320:
3319:
3314:
3313:
3312:
3307:
3297:
3292:
3290:Libertarianism
3287:
3281:
3279:Related topics
3278:
3277:
3274:
3273:
3270:
3269:
3268:
3267:
3257:
3256:
3255:
3245:
3240:
3235:
3230:
3225:
3224:
3223:
3221:Makhnovshchina
3213:
3207:
3204:
3203:
3200:
3199:
3194:
3193:
3192:
3191:
3186:
3181:
3176:
3171:
3163:
3162:
3158:
3157:
3156:
3155:
3150:
3145:
3140:
3135:
3130:
3122:
3121:
3114:
3113:
3112:
3111:
3106:
3101:
3100:
3099:
3089:
3088:
3087:
3082:
3069:
3068:
3059:
3056:
3055:
3052:
3051:
3048:
3047:
3042:
3037:
3032:
3027:
3022:
3017:
3012:
3007:
3002:
2997:
2992:
2987:
2982:
2977:
2972:
2967:
2962:
2957:
2952:
2947:
2942:
2937:
2932:
2927:
2922:
2917:
2912:
2907:
2902:
2896:
2893:
2892:
2889:
2888:
2885:
2884:
2879:
2874:
2869:
2864:
2859:
2854:
2849:
2844:
2839:
2833:
2830:
2829:
2826:
2825:
2822:
2821:
2816:
2811:
2806:
2801:
2796:
2791:
2789:Class conflict
2786:
2780:
2777:
2776:
2773:
2772:
2764:
2763:
2757:
2756:
2664:
2661:
2613:combined with
2590:
2587:
2585:
2582:
2550:liberalization
2500:, a number of
2475:public finance
2435:market economy
2414:
2413:
2411:
2410:
2403:
2396:
2388:
2385:
2384:
2383:
2382:
2367:
2366:
2363:
2362:
2357:
2352:
2347:
2342:
2340:Resource-based
2337:
2332:
2327:
2322:
2317:
2312:
2307:
2302:
2297:
2292:
2287:
2282:
2277:
2271:
2268:
2267:
2264:
2263:
2260:
2259:
2258:
2257:
2252:
2247:
2237:
2232:
2231:
2230:
2225:
2220:
2215:
2205:
2204:
2203:
2198:
2193:
2183:
2177:
2174:
2173:
2170:
2169:
2166:
2165:
2164:
2163:
2153:
2148:
2143:
2138:
2133:
2128:
2126:Liberalization
2123:
2118:
2113:
2108:
2103:
2098:
2093:
2087:
2084:
2083:
2080:
2079:
2076:
2075:
2070:
2065:
2060:
2050:
2044:
2042:Property types
2041:
2040:
2037:
2036:
2033:
2032:
2027:
2022:
2017:
2011:
2008:
2007:
2004:
2003:
2000:
1999:
1998:
1997:
1991:Latin America
1989:
1988:
1987:
1982:
1977:
1972:
1967:
1962:
1954:
1953:
1952:
1947:
1942:
1937:
1928:
1925:
1924:
1921:
1920:
1917:
1916:
1911:
1906:
1901:
1896:
1891:
1886:
1881:
1876:
1871:
1866:
1861:
1856:
1851:
1846:
1841:
1836:
1831:
1825:
1822:
1821:
1818:
1817:
1814:
1813:
1812:
1811:
1806:
1798:
1793:
1788:
1783:
1782:
1781:
1776:
1771:
1766:
1761:
1756:
1751:
1746:
1741:
1731:
1730:
1729:
1724:
1723:
1722:
1712:
1704:
1699:
1694:
1689:
1684:
1679:
1678:
1677:
1672:
1667:
1662:
1657:
1652:
1647:
1642:
1637:
1627:
1621:
1618:
1617:
1614:
1613:
1611:
1610:
1605:
1600:
1594:
1591:
1588:
1587:
1581:
1580:
1568:
1567:
1565:
1564:
1557:
1550:
1542:
1539:
1538:
1537:
1536:
1524:
1512:
1492:
1491:
1488:
1487:
1482:
1477:
1472:
1467:
1461:
1458:
1457:
1454:
1453:
1450:
1449:
1444:
1439:
1434:
1429:
1424:
1419:
1414:
1409:
1404:
1399:
1397:Libertarianism
1394:
1389:
1384:
1379:
1374:
1369:
1364:
1359:
1354:
1348:
1346:Related topics
1345:
1344:
1341:
1340:
1337:
1336:
1331:
1325:
1320:
1319:
1316:
1315:
1312:
1311:
1306:
1301:
1296:
1291:
1286:
1281:
1276:
1271:
1266:
1261:
1256:
1251:
1246:
1241:
1236:
1231:
1226:
1221:
1216:
1211:
1206:
1201:
1196:
1191:
1186:
1181:
1176:
1171:
1166:
1161:
1156:
1151:
1146:
1141:
1136:
1131:
1126:
1121:
1116:
1111:
1106:
1101:
1096:
1091:
1086:
1080:
1077:
1076:
1073:
1072:
1069:
1068:
1063:
1058:
1053:
1048:
1043:
1038:
1033:
1028:
1023:
1018:
1013:
1008:
1003:
998:
993:
988:
983:
978:
973:
968:
963:
958:
953:
948:
943:
938:
933:
928:
923:
918:
913:
908:
903:
898:
893:
888:
883:
878:
873:
868:
863:
858:
853:
848:
843:
838:
833:
828:
823:
818:
813:
808:
803:
798:
793:
788:
783:
778:
773:
768:
763:
758:
753:
748:
743:
738:
733:
728:
723:
718:
713:
708:
703:
698:
693:
688:
683:
678:
673:
668:
663:
658:
652:
649:
648:
645:
644:
641:
640:
635:
630:
625:
620:
615:
610:
605:
600:
595:
590:
585:
580:
575:
570:
565:
560:
555:
550:
545:
540:
535:
530:
525:
520:
515:
510:
505:
500:
495:
490:
485:
480:
475:
470:
465:
460:
455:
450:
445:
440:
435:
430:
425:
420:
415:
410:
405:
400:
394:
389:
388:
385:
384:
381:
380:
375:
374:
373:
368:
363:
358:
348:
347:
346:
341:
336:
331:
326:
316:
310:
307:
306:
303:
302:
299:
298:
293:
288:
283:
274:
269:
264:
259:
254:
249:
244:
239:
234:
229:
224:
219:
217:Labour voucher
214:
209:
204:
199:
194:
189:
184:
179:
174:
169:
164:
159:
154:
149:
144:
138:
135:
134:
131:
130:
127:
126:
121:
116:
111:
106:
100:
97:
96:
93:
92:
90:
89:
84:
78:
75:
74:
66:
65:
59:
58:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
10909:
10898:
10895:
10893:
10890:
10888:
10885:
10883:
10880:
10878:
10875:
10873:
10870:
10868:
10865:
10863:
10860:
10859:
10857:
10847:
10842:
10837:
10835:
10830:
10825:
10824:
10821:
10808:
10803:
10798:
10796:
10786:
10784:
10779:
10774:
10772:
10771:
10762:
10760:
10759:
10750:
10749:
10746:
10740:
10737:
10735:
10732:
10730:
10727:
10725:
10722:
10720:
10717:
10715:
10712:
10710:
10707:
10705:
10702:
10701:
10699:
10695:
10689:
10686:
10684:
10681:
10680:
10678:
10676:
10675:Organizations
10672:
10662:
10659:
10657:
10654:
10652:
10649:
10647:
10646:Lula da Silva
10644:
10642:
10639:
10637:
10634:
10632:
10629:
10627:
10624:
10622:
10619:
10617:
10614:
10613:
10611:
10604:
10598:
10595:
10593:
10590:
10588:
10585:
10583:
10580:
10578:
10575:
10573:
10570:
10568:
10565:
10563:
10560:
10558:
10555:
10553:
10550:
10548:
10545:
10543:
10540:
10538:
10535:
10533:
10530:
10528:
10525:
10523:
10520:
10518:
10515:
10513:
10510:
10508:
10505:
10503:
10500:
10498:
10495:
10493:
10490:
10488:
10487:Fred Paterson
10485:
10483:
10480:
10478:
10477:George Orwell
10475:
10473:
10470:
10468:
10465:
10463:
10460:
10458:
10455:
10453:
10450:
10448:
10447:Salama Moussa
10445:
10443:
10440:
10438:
10435:
10433:
10430:
10428:
10425:
10423:
10422:Nestor Makhno
10420:
10418:
10415:
10413:
10410:
10408:
10405:
10403:
10402:György Lukács
10400:
10398:
10395:
10393:
10392:Claude Lefort
10390:
10388:
10385:
10383:
10380:
10378:
10375:
10373:
10370:
10368:
10365:
10363:
10360:
10358:
10355:
10353:
10350:
10348:
10345:
10343:
10340:
10338:
10335:
10333:
10330:
10328:
10327:Eric Hobsbawm
10325:
10323:
10322:Safdar Hashmi
10320:
10318:
10315:
10313:
10310:
10308:
10305:
10303:
10300:
10298:
10295:
10293:
10290:
10288:
10285:
10283:
10280:
10278:
10275:
10273:
10270:
10268:
10265:
10263:
10260:
10258:
10257:Jeremy Corbyn
10255:
10253:
10252:G. D. H. Cole
10250:
10248:
10245:
10243:
10240:
10238:
10235:
10233:
10230:
10228:
10225:
10223:
10220:
10218:
10215:
10213:
10210:
10208:
10205:
10203:
10200:
10198:
10195:
10193:
10190:
10188:
10185:
10183:
10180:
10178:
10175:
10173:
10172:Deng Xiaoping
10170:
10168:
10165:
10163:
10160:
10158:
10155:
10153:
10150:
10148:
10145:
10143:
10140:
10138:
10135:
10134:
10132:
10125:
10119:
10116:
10114:
10111:
10109:
10108:Josiah Warren
10106:
10104:
10101:
10099:
10096:
10094:
10091:
10089:
10088:Pyotr Tkachev
10086:
10084:
10081:
10079:
10076:
10074:
10071:
10069:
10066:
10064:
10061:
10059:
10056:
10054:
10051:
10049:
10046:
10044:
10041:
10039:
10036:
10034:
10031:
10029:
10026:
10024:
10021:
10019:
10016:
10014:
10011:
10009:
10006:
10004:
10001:
9999:
9998:Louise Michel
9996:
9994:
9991:
9989:
9986:
9984:
9981:
9979:
9978:Pierre Leroux
9976:
9974:
9971:
9969:
9966:
9964:
9961:
9959:
9958:Paul Lafargue
9956:
9954:
9951:
9949:
9946:
9944:
9941:
9939:
9936:
9934:
9931:
9929:
9926:
9924:
9921:
9919:
9916:
9914:
9911:
9909:
9906:
9904:
9901:
9899:
9896:
9894:
9891:
9889:
9886:
9884:
9881:
9879:
9876:
9874:
9871:
9869:
9866:
9864:
9861:
9859:
9858:Étienne Cabet
9856:
9854:
9851:
9849:
9846:
9844:
9843:Georg BĂĽchner
9841:
9839:
9836:
9834:
9831:
9829:
9826:
9824:
9821:
9819:
9816:
9814:
9811:
9809:
9808:Enrico Barone
9806:
9804:
9801:
9799:
9796:
9794:
9791:
9790:
9788:
9781:
9775:
9772:
9770:
9767:
9765:
9762:
9760:
9757:
9755:
9752:
9751:
9749:
9742:
9736:
9733:
9731:
9728:
9727:
9725:
9718:
9715:
9713:
9709:
9703:
9700:
9698:
9695:
9693:
9690:
9688:
9685:
9683:
9680:
9678:
9675:
9673:
9670:
9668:
9665:
9663:
9660:
9658:
9655:
9653:
9650:
9648:
9645:
9643:
9640:
9638:
9635:
9633:
9630:
9628:
9625:
9623:
9620:
9618:
9615:
9613:
9610:
9608:
9605:
9603:
9600:
9598:
9595:
9594:
9592:
9588:
9582:
9579:
9577:
9576:Welfare state
9574:
9572:
9569:
9567:
9564:
9562:
9559:
9557:
9554:
9552:
9549:
9547:
9544:
9542:
9539:
9537:
9534:
9532:
9529:
9527:
9524:
9522:
9519:
9517:
9514:
9512:
9511:Nanosocialism
9509:
9507:
9504:
9502:
9501:Mixed economy
9499:
9497:
9494:
9492:
9489:
9487:
9484:
9482:
9479:
9476:
9472:
9470:
9469:Impossibilism
9467:
9465:
9462:
9460:
9457:
9455:
9452:
9450:
9447:
9445:
9442:
9440:
9439:Equal liberty
9437:
9435:
9432:
9430:
9427:
9425:
9422:
9420:
9417:
9415:
9412:
9410:
9407:
9405:
9402:
9400:
9397:
9395:
9392:
9390:
9387:
9386:
9384:
9378:
9368:
9365:
9363:
9360:
9358:
9355:
9351:
9348:
9346:
9343:
9342:
9341:
9338:
9336:
9333:
9331:
9328:
9326:
9323:
9321:
9318:
9316:
9313:
9309:
9308:Eurocommunism
9306:
9305:
9304:
9301:
9295:
9292:
9291:
9290:
9287:
9285:
9282:
9281:
9280:
9277:
9275:
9272:
9270:
9267:
9265:
9262:
9260:
9257:
9256:
9254:
9250:
9244:
9241:
9239:
9236:
9232:
9229:
9227:
9224:
9223:
9222:
9219:
9217:
9214:
9213:
9211:
9209:
9205:
9197:
9194:
9193:
9192:
9189:
9185:
9182:
9176:
9175:Neo-Stalinism
9173:
9172:
9171:
9168:
9164:
9161:
9159:
9156:
9154:
9151:
9149:
9146:
9144:
9141:
9139:
9136:
9135:
9134:
9131:
9129:
9128:Khrushchevism
9126:
9124:
9121:
9119:
9118:
9114:
9112:
9109:
9107:
9104:
9102:
9099:
9097:
9094:
9092:
9089:
9087:
9084:
9082:
9079:
9078:
9077:
9074:
9072:
9069:
9068:
9067:
9064:
9062:
9059:
9055:
9052:
9051:
9050:
9047:
9046:
9044:
9041:
9036:
9035:Authoritarian
9032:
9026:
9023:
9019:
9016:
9012:
9009:
9007:
9004:
9003:
9002:
8999:
8997:
8994:
8992:
8989:
8985:
8982:
8981:
8980:
8977:
8976:
8975:
8972:
8970:
8967:
8963:
8960:
8958:
8955:
8953:
8950:
8948:
8945:
8943:
8940:
8938:
8935:
8933:
8930:
8928:
8925:
8923:
8922:Individualist
8920:
8918:
8915:
8911:
8908:
8906:
8903:
8902:
8901:
8898:
8896:
8893:
8891:
8888:
8887:
8886:
8883:
8882:
8880:
8877:
8872:
8868:
8858:
8855:
8854:
8853:
8850:
8848:
8845:
8843:
8840:
8838:
8835:
8834:
8833:
8830:
8828:
8825:
8823:
8820:
8818:
8817:Revolutionary
8815:
8813:
8810:
8808:
8805:
8803:
8800:
8798:
8795:
8793:
8790:
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8709:
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8641:
8637:
8636:
8630:
8626:
8622:
8618:
8614:
8610:
8606:
8602:
8601:Miller, David
8598:
8594:
8593:HarperCollins
8590:
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8173:Narveson, Jan
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8027:
8023:
8022:
8017:
8011:
8003:
7999:
7995:
7991:
7985:
7978:
7977:Total Freedom
7972:
7965:
7961:
7958:
7957:
7952:
7948:
7945:
7941:
7936:
7932:
7928:
7924:
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7898:
7892:
7884:
7880:
7876:
7872:
7866:
7858:
7854:
7850:
7846:
7839:
7831:
7828:. Cambridge:
7827:
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7809:
7805:
7801:
7795:
7779:
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7690:
7683:
7682:
7677:
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7659:
7652:
7637:
7633:
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7626:Machan, Tibor
7623:
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7329:
7325:
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7296:
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7265:
7261:
7260:
7252:
7233:
7226:
7225:
7217:
7210:
7205:
7203:9780429582363
7199:
7195:
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7187:
7181:
7174:
7169:
7167:9780198277446
7163:
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7133:
7129:
7125:
7119:
7111:
7107:
7103:
7097:
7089:
7088:
7080:
7073:. p. 11.
7072:
7068:
7064:
7063:Miller, David
7058:
7042:
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7021:
7015:
7007:
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6990:
6985:
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6892:
6885:
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6836:
6832:
6831:
6826:
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6809:
6805:
6798:
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6789:
6787:
6770:
6766:
6759:
6751:
6744:
6742:
6722:
6715:
6708:
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6693:
6689:
6685:
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6675:
6671:
6667:
6663:
6659:
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6651:
6636:
6632:
6626:
6610:
6606:
6602:
6595:
6581:on 2023-04-26
6577:
6573:
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6560:
6544:
6540:
6539:
6534:
6528:
6520:
6518:9780198259909
6514:
6510:
6506:
6499:
6491:
6489:9780060110970
6485:
6481:
6480:HarperCollins
6477:
6470:
6454:
6450:
6446:
6440:
6425:
6421:
6414:
6406:
6404:9780521085861
6400:
6396:
6392:
6385:
6369:
6365:
6361:
6357:
6353:
6349:
6345:
6344:
6339:
6332:
6316:
6312:
6306:
6300:, Unwin Hyman
6299:
6293:
6277:
6273:
6269:
6262:
6260:
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6236:
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6227:
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6119:
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6097:
6092:
6090:9780521411936
6086:
6082:
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6071:
6064:
6059:
6053:
6049:
6045:
6039:
6031:
6025:
6021:
6017:
6013:
6012:Kornai, János
6007:
5999:
5993:
5989:
5988:
5980:
5972:
5968:
5964:
5960:
5953:
5938:
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5417:
5416:
5411:
5405:
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5390:. Cambridge:
5389:
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5364:
5357:
5340:
5336:
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5322:
5306:
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5285:
5276:
5270:
5266:
5262:
5261:Penguin Books
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5228:
5224:
5220:
5213:
5197:
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5187:
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5099:
5097:9780262691826
5093:
5089:
5085:
5078:
5071:
5067:
5061:
5057:
5053:
5046:
5039:
5037:
5031:
5025:
5021:
5017:
5011:
5009:
5001:
4997:
4991:
4988:p. 314.
4987:
4983:
4982:
4977:
4971:
4956:
4952:
4946:
4942:
4941:
4933:
4925:
4921:
4917:
4913:
4909:
4905:
4901:
4897:
4896:
4891:
4884:
4877:
4873:
4871:0-618-26181-8
4867:
4863:
4856:
4848:
4842:
4838:
4834:
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4612:
4609:
4608:
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4599:
4595:
4591:
4587:
4582:
4578:
4574:
4573:David McNally
4570:
4561:
4559:
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4531:
4526:
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4500:
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4476:
4471:
4469:
4465:
4461:
4457:
4453:
4449:
4445:
4441:
4437:
4433:
4432:freed markets
4429:
4425:
4424:Gary Chartier
4421:
4417:
4413:
4409:
4405:
4401:
4397:
4393:
4390:
4386:
4382:
4377:
4373:
4369:
4364:
4361:
4354:
4350:
4346:
4343:
4342:
4336:
4332:
4328:
4327:Josiah Warren
4324:
4320:
4316:
4312:
4311:Josiah Warren
4308:
4306:
4302:
4298:
4294:
4290:
4286:
4282:
4278:
4274:
4268:
4265:
4261:
4257:
4253:
4249:
4245:
4241:
4237:
4234:wings of the
4233:
4229:
4228:
4223:
4222:
4217:
4213:
4209:
4205:
4204:
4199:
4195:
4191:
4187:
4179:
4175:
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4167:
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4138:
4132:
4122:
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4115:
4110:
4107:
4103:
4097:
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4082:
4078:
4073:
4071:
4067:
4063:
4058:
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4051:
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4039:
4033:
4029:
4019:
4015:
4012:
4008:
4003:
3998:
3996:
3992:
3988:
3984:
3980:
3976:
3972:
3968:
3964:
3958:
3943:
3941:
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3933:
3929:
3924:
3922:
3918:
3914:
3910:
3905:
3903:
3899:
3895:
3891:
3887:
3883:
3879:
3874:
3872:
3868:
3867:Peter Drucker
3864:
3862:
3858:
3854:
3850:
3845:
3843:
3839:
3835:
3831:
3830:Prague Spring
3827:
3823:
3819:
3815:
3811:
3801:
3799:
3795:
3791:
3787:
3777:
3775:
3771:
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3731:
3728:
3725:
3720:
3717:
3713:
3709:
3707:
3703:
3699:
3694:
3692:
3688:
3687:Branko Horvat
3684:
3676:
3672:
3663:
3661:
3656:
3651:
3648:
3644:
3643:
3637:
3634:
3631:Although the
3629:
3627:
3623:
3619:
3615:
3614:Enrico Barone
3611:
3606:
3604:
3600:
3596:
3592:
3591:marginal cost
3588:
3575:
3571:
3567:
3558:
3556:
3552:
3548:
3547:Manchesterism
3544:
3539:
3538:
3533:
3528:
3526:
3522:
3518:
3514:
3510:
3505:
3501:
3497:
3493:
3488:
3486:
3482:
3478:
3474:
3470:
3469:Josiah Warren
3466:
3456:
3454:
3450:
3446:
3442:
3438:
3434:
3430:
3426:
3422:
3418:
3402:
3397:
3395:
3390:
3388:
3383:
3382:
3380:
3379:
3374:
3369:
3364:
3362:
3357:
3352:
3350:
3340:
3338:
3328:
3327:
3326:
3325:
3318:
3315:
3311:
3310:Eco-socialism
3308:
3306:
3303:
3302:
3301:
3298:
3296:
3293:
3291:
3288:
3286:
3283:
3282:
3276:
3275:
3266:
3263:
3262:
3261:
3258:
3254:
3251:
3250:
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3244:
3241:
3239:
3236:
3234:
3231:
3229:
3226:
3222:
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3218:
3217:
3214:
3212:
3209:
3208:
3202:
3201:
3190:
3187:
3185:
3182:
3180:
3177:
3175:
3172:
3170:
3167:
3166:
3165:
3164:
3160:
3159:
3154:
3151:
3149:
3146:
3144:
3141:
3139:
3138:Communization
3136:
3134:
3131:
3129:
3126:
3125:
3124:
3123:
3119:
3116:
3115:
3110:
3107:
3105:
3102:
3098:
3095:
3094:
3093:
3090:
3086:
3083:
3081:
3078:
3077:
3076:
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3070:
3066:
3063:
3062:
3054:
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3046:
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3028:
3026:
3023:
3021:
3018:
3016:
3013:
3011:
3008:
3006:
3003:
3001:
2998:
2996:
2993:
2991:
2988:
2986:
2983:
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2973:
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2968:
2966:
2963:
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2958:
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2938:
2936:
2933:
2931:
2928:
2926:
2923:
2921:
2918:
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2913:
2911:
2908:
2906:
2903:
2901:
2898:
2897:
2891:
2890:
2883:
2880:
2878:
2875:
2873:
2870:
2868:
2867:Socialization
2865:
2863:
2860:
2858:
2855:
2853:
2850:
2848:
2845:
2843:
2840:
2838:
2835:
2834:
2828:
2827:
2820:
2817:
2815:
2812:
2810:
2807:
2805:
2802:
2800:
2797:
2795:
2792:
2790:
2787:
2785:
2782:
2781:
2775:
2774:
2770:
2766:
2765:
2762:
2759:
2758:
2754:
2750:
2749:
2745:
2740:
2738:
2733:
2731:
2726:
2724:
2723:
2718:
2714:
2710:
2706:
2705:
2700:
2696:
2691:
2689:
2685:
2680:
2679:
2674:
2670:
2667:Mill's early
2660:
2657:
2655:
2651:
2647:
2643:
2639:
2635:
2631:
2627:
2622:
2620:
2616:
2612:
2608:
2604:
2600:
2596:
2595:surplus value
2581:
2579:
2575:
2571:
2567:
2563:
2559:
2555:
2551:
2545:
2543:
2539:
2534:
2529:
2527:
2523:
2519:
2515:
2511:
2507:
2503:
2499:
2494:
2491:
2487:
2486:mixed economy
2482:
2480:
2476:
2472:
2468:
2464:
2463:capital goods
2460:
2456:
2452:
2448:
2444:
2440:
2436:
2432:
2428:
2424:
2421:is a type of
2420:
2409:
2404:
2402:
2397:
2395:
2390:
2389:
2387:
2386:
2381:
2376:
2371:
2370:
2369:
2368:
2361:
2358:
2356:
2353:
2351:
2348:
2346:
2343:
2341:
2338:
2336:
2335:Post-scarcity
2333:
2331:
2328:
2326:
2323:
2321:
2318:
2316:
2313:
2311:
2308:
2306:
2303:
2301:
2298:
2296:
2293:
2291:
2288:
2286:
2283:
2281:
2280:Expeditionary
2278:
2276:
2273:
2272:
2266:
2265:
2256:
2253:
2251:
2248:
2246:
2243:
2242:
2241:
2238:
2236:
2233:
2229:
2226:
2224:
2221:
2219:
2216:
2214:
2211:
2210:
2209:
2206:
2202:
2199:
2197:
2194:
2192:
2189:
2188:
2187:
2184:
2182:
2179:
2178:
2172:
2171:
2162:
2159:
2158:
2157:
2156:Socialization
2154:
2152:
2151:Privatization
2149:
2147:
2144:
2142:
2141:Mutualization
2139:
2137:
2134:
2132:
2131:Marketization
2129:
2127:
2124:
2122:
2119:
2117:
2116:Expropriation
2114:
2112:
2109:
2107:
2104:
2102:
2099:
2097:
2096:Communization
2094:
2092:
2089:
2088:
2082:
2081:
2074:
2071:
2069:
2066:
2064:
2061:
2058:
2054:
2051:
2049:
2046:
2045:
2039:
2038:
2031:
2028:
2026:
2023:
2021:
2018:
2016:
2013:
2012:
2006:
2005:
1996:
1993:
1992:
1990:
1986:
1983:
1981:
1978:
1976:
1973:
1971:
1968:
1966:
1963:
1961:
1958:
1957:
1955:
1951:
1948:
1946:
1943:
1941:
1938:
1936:
1933:
1932:
1930:
1929:
1923:
1922:
1915:
1912:
1910:
1907:
1905:
1902:
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1834:Decentralized
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1799:
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1792:
1791:Social credit
1789:
1787:
1784:
1780:
1777:
1775:
1772:
1770:
1767:
1765:
1762:
1760:
1759:Participatory
1757:
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1670:Social market
1668:
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1665:Protectionist
1663:
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1653:
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1645:Laissez-faire
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1465:Related lists
1463:
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1422:Progressivism
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1322:Organizations
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1309:Ocasio-Cortez
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766:Chernyshevsky
764:
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742:
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650:Intellectuals
647:
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614:
611:
609:
606:
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601:
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594:
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589:
586:
584:
583:Revolutionary
581:
579:
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569:
566:
564:
561:
559:
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554:
551:
549:
546:
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541:
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531:
529:
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521:
519:
518:Laissez-faire
516:
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509:
506:
504:
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423:Authoritarian
421:
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401:
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272:Strike action
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177:Equal liberty
175:
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60:
56:
52:
51:
46:
42:
35:
30:
19:
10768:
10756:
10587:Clara Zetkin
10567:Leon Trotsky
10562:Ernst Toller
10552:R. H. Tawney
10492:Karl Polanyi
10372:James Larkin
10242:Noam Chomsky
9968:Pyotr Lavrov
9948:Karl Kautsky
9943:Mother Jones
9923:Charles Hall
9913:Emma Goldman
9883:Claire DĂ©mar
9813:August Bebel
9607:Basic income
9115:
8991:Luxemburgism
8942:Neozapatismo
8890:Collectivist
8796:
8740:21st century
8638:. Stanford:
8634:
8620:
8604:
8588:
8572:
8559:. Auckland:
8556:
8545:
8538:
8528:
8493:
8487:
8476:. Retrieved
8464:
8460:
8447:
8436:. Retrieved
8427:(1): 87–95.
8424:
8418:
8402:
8390:. Retrieved
8377:(Master's).
8374:
8366:
8359:
8339:
8327:. Retrieved
8318:
8308:
8296:. Retrieved
8287:
8277:
8265:. Retrieved
8261:the original
8256:
8246:
8235:. Retrieved
8184:
8150:. Retrieved
8143:the original
8130:
8124:
8111:
8099:
8090:. New York:
8087:
8084:Biehl, Janet
8058:
8054:
8050:
8046:
8041:
8030:. Retrieved
8020:
8010:
7997:
7984:
7976:
7971:
7955:
7919:Kevin Carson
7913:
7904:
7891:
7878:
7865:
7852:
7838:
7825:
7816:
7803:
7794:
7782:. Retrieved
7778:the original
7771:
7750:the original
7745:
7735:
7723:. Retrieved
7708:
7696:. Retrieved
7689:the original
7680:
7670:
7662:the original
7651:
7640:. Retrieved
7630:
7612:
7601:. Retrieved
7583:
7574:
7565:
7556:
7547:
7538:
7529:
7520:
7507:
7498:
7491:. Retrieved
7484:the original
7476:"Anarquismo"
7466:
7456:
7449:. Retrieved
7442:the original
7434:"Anarquismo"
7424:
7412:. Retrieved
7397:
7385:. Retrieved
7371:
7362:
7356:. Retrieved
7346:
7336:
7328:the original
7322:
7315:
7303:. Retrieved
7299:the original
7292:
7284:
7275:
7268:. Retrieved
7258:
7251:
7239:. Retrieved
7223:
7216:
7207:
7189:
7180:
7171:
7153:
7147:
7136:. Retrieved
7118:
7105:
7096:
7085:
7079:
7066:
7057:
7045:. Retrieved
7031:
7022:
7014:
7005:
6996:
6987:
6969:
6963:
6940:
6934:
6922:. Retrieved
6911:
6902:
6891:the original
6877:
6865:. Retrieved
6861:the original
6851:
6839:. Retrieved
6828:
6819:
6808:the original
6803:
6795:
6773:. Retrieved
6758:
6749:
6728:. Retrieved
6669:
6665:
6658:Boer, Roland
6638:. Retrieved
6634:
6625:
6613:. Retrieved
6609:the original
6604:
6594:
6583:. Retrieved
6576:the original
6571:
6559:
6547:. Retrieved
6536:
6527:
6504:
6498:
6475:
6469:
6457:. Retrieved
6448:
6439:
6427:. Retrieved
6423:
6413:
6390:
6384:
6372:. Retrieved
6350:(3): 17–35.
6347:
6341:
6331:
6319:. Retrieved
6315:the original
6305:
6297:
6292:
6280:. Retrieved
6271:
6247:. Retrieved
6238:
6216:
6209:. Retrieved
6198:
6189:
6181:
6173:
6167:
6155:. Retrieved
6146:
6136:
6117:
6113:
6103:
6094:
6076:
6070:
6061:
6047:
6038:
6015:
6006:
5986:
5979:
5962:
5958:
5952:
5941:. Retrieved
5917:
5910:
5891:
5882:
5873:
5869:
5860:
5835:
5829:
5817:. Retrieved
5807:
5797:
5786:. Retrieved
5768:
5755:
5746:
5737:
5724:
5714:. New York:
5711:
5702:
5693:
5656:
5650:
5644:
5637:
5633:
5629:
5624:
5612:. Retrieved
5605:the original
5596:
5572:. Retrieved
5561:
5534:. Retrieved
5530:the original
5525:
5515:
5504:. Retrieved
5494:
5484:
5475:
5466:
5454:. Retrieved
5445:
5435:
5424:. Retrieved
5414:
5404:
5395:
5387:
5381:
5362:
5356:
5343:. Retrieved
5334:
5321:
5309:. Retrieved
5296:
5254:
5243:
5231:. Retrieved
5222:
5212:
5200:. Retrieved
5182:M. E. Sharpe
5176:
5169:
5158:. Retrieved
5149:
5139:
5130:
5112:
5106:
5083:
5077:
5069:
5051:
5045:
5035:
5033:
5019:
4999:
4980:
4970:
4959:. Retrieved
4939:
4932:
4902:(3): 20–40.
4899:
4893:
4883:
4875:
4861:
4855:
4831:
4824:
4815:
4797:
4791:
4778:
4772:
4764:
4756:
4750:
4650:Distributism
4567:
4527:
4478:
4472:
4431:
4428:free markets
4412:Kevin Carson
4394:
4363:Émile Armand
4358:
4339:
4318:
4309:
4304:
4300:
4291:in place of
4284:
4269:
4225:
4219:
4211:
4201:
4183:
4134:
4111:
4098:
4074:
4059:
4035:
4016:
3999:
3987:Soviet Union
3960:
3925:
3913:basic income
3906:
3875:
3865:
3846:
3807:
3798:János Kornai
3783:
3758:Matt Bruenig
3756:
3752:
3732:
3721:
3710:
3695:
3680:
3659:
3652:
3646:
3640:
3638:
3630:
3607:
3599:free markets
3584:
3535:
3529:
3524:
3517:Modern Times
3489:
3484:
3462:
3445:wage slavery
3433:corporations
3415:
3189:Neozapatismo
3148:Situationism
3085:Collectivist
2742:
2734:
2729:
2727:
2720:
2708:
2702:
2694:
2692:
2683:
2676:
2673:free markets
2666:
2658:
2646:exploitation
2623:
2592:
2554:Eastern Bloc
2546:
2530:
2495:
2483:
2418:
2417:
2245:Peer-to-peer
2240:Self-managed
2175:Coordination
2111:Deregulation
1796:Distributist
1748:
1650:Mercantilist
537:
478:Evolutionary
398:21st-century
350:
192:Freed market
29:
10651:Evo Morales
10641:Kim Jong Un
10621:Hugo Chávez
10592:Howard Zinn
10582:Cornel West
10577:H. G. Wells
10547:Sun Yat-sen
10382:Jack Layton
10357:Kim Jong-il
10312:Maxim Gorky
10262:Marcel DĂ©at
10177:Jiang Zemin
10118:Oscar Wilde
10058:George Sand
10013:Robert Owen
9938:Jean Jaurès
9828:Louis Blanc
9735:Thomas More
9697:Technocracy
9571:Trade union
9541:Revisionism
9491:Land reform
9362:Third World
9289:Nationalist
9081:Brezhnevism
9054:Nechayevism
8996:Mao-Spontex
8962:Syndicalist
8952:Communalism
8947:Platformism
8900:Free-market
8871:Libertarian
8857:Technocracy
8807:Nationalist
8785:Syndicalism
8577:Verso Books
8498:Verso Books
7883:Autonomedia
7857:Autonomedia
6841:4 September
6549:30 December
6321:14 November
6282:October 14,
5056:Verso Books
4638:Cooperative
4621:Corporatism
4598:wage labour
4546:egalitarian
4389:technocracy
4260:free market
3991:perestroika
3886:RaĂşl Castro
3804:In practice
3774:John Roemer
3716:John Roemer
3698:John Roemer
3616:(1908) and
3610:LĂ©on Walras
3492:Robert Owen
3465:Proudhonian
3317:Syndicalism
2930:Castoriadis
2739:, writing:
2671:was one of
2611:free market
2572:as well as
2566:Perestroika
2533:Lange model
2518:free-market
2467:state-owned
2350:Traditional
2300:Manorialism
2295:Information
2269:Other types
2255:Open access
2218:Cybernetics
1960:Anglo-Saxon
1945:Singaporean
1904:Underground
1899:Subsistence
1804:Corporatist
1779:Syndicalist
1739:Communalist
1625:Associative
1619:By ideology
1592:Major types
1509:WikiProject
1387:French Left
1179:Spiridonova
1078:Politicians
991:Castoriadis
671:Saint-Simon
623:Third World
618:Syndicalism
553:Nationalist
528:Libertarian
493:Free-market
356:Lange model
344:Soviet-type
314:Communalism
286:Vanguardism
242:Spontaneism
152:Cooperative
98:Development
10856:Categories
10758:Categories
10661:Xi Jinping
10597:J. Posadas
10277:John Dewey
10267:Guy Debord
10187:Jyoti Basu
10068:Eugène Sue
9382:and issues
9380:Key topics
9357:Sri Lankan
9330:Melanesian
9325:Indonesian
9274:Bolivarian
9196:Lassallism
9184:Tkachevism
9066:Bolshevism
9040:from above
9025:Third camp
9001:Trotskyism
8876:from below
8842:Icarianism
8837:Fourierism
8822:Scientific
8755:Democratic
8730:Schools of
8607:. Oxford:
8585:Nove, Alec
8478:2020-09-06
8438:2020-09-06
8237:2016-12-02
8219:2008009151
8032:2016-03-18
7642:2014-05-05
7603:2014-05-05
7493:28 October
7451:28 October
7387:11 October
7358:2016-10-28
7305:11 October
7277:'property'
7192:. London:
7156:. Oxford:
7138:2014-05-05
6730:4 February
6640:2024-07-01
6585:2020-07-08
6249:2023-08-11
6211:28 January
6120:(3): 104.
5965:(1): 1–8.
5943:2021-08-10
5788:2014-05-05
5506:2021-08-03
5426:2017-12-27
5397:conditions
5263:. p.
5259:. London:
5160:2023-08-21
4961:2020-12-25
4742:References
4577:Adam Smith
4436:capitalist
4285:possession
4203:federalist
4196:after the
4044:, where a
3934:began its
3847:Likewise,
3814:Yugoslavia
3128:Autonomism
3120:tendencies
3067:tendencies
2955:Fotopoulos
2809:Mutual aid
2709:Principles
2699:Adam Smith
2695:Principles
2568:, and the
2556:including
2425:involving
2355:Transition
2315:Plantation
2223:Indicative
2085:Transition
1935:East Asian
1706:Religious
1682:Democratic
1655:Neoliberal
1640:Democratic
1630:Capitalist
1598:Capitalism
1480:Socialists
1475:By country
1357:Capitalism
1239:Mitterrand
1204:Gerhardsen
1149:Liebknecht
1134:Markievicz
1061:Varoufakis
1011:Fotopoulos
681:Saint-Just
676:Buonarroti
661:Campanella
598:Scientific
533:Marhaenism
488:Fourierism
473:Ecological
453:Democratic
10887:Socialism
10834:Socialism
10709:Communism
10704:Anarchism
10631:Hu Jintao
10457:Imre Nagy
10247:M. N. Roy
10207:LĂ©on Blum
10202:Tony Benn
10137:Tariq Ali
9993:Karl Marx
9597:Adhocracy
9536:Reformism
9424:Democracy
9294:Chiangist
9284:Communist
9231:communism
9226:anarchism
9221:Christian
9208:Religious
9170:Stalinism
9096:Guevarism
9086:Castroism
9061:Blanquism
8937:Mutualism
8895:Communist
8885:Anarchism
8812:Reformist
8780:Labourism
8750:Communist
8708:Socialism
8267:10 August
8227:750831024
7935:socialist
7270:24 August
7194:Routledge
6696:247967541
6688:2042-8928
6374:24 August
5923:Routledge
5876:: 267–93.
5659:(1): 53.
5574:8 October
5563:Slate.com
5345:6 January
5202:10 August
5088:MIT Press
4924:153267388
4802:Routledge
4705:Mutualism
4655:Dirigisme
4594:socialism
4564:Criticism
4487:mutualism
4464:pro-labor
4430:, termed
4315:anarchist
4252:socialist
4240:Mutualism
4216:Karl Marx
4190:anarchist
4180:thinkers.
4170:mutualism
4143:Anarchism
3794:Alec Nove
3509:mutualism
3481:anarchist
3429:subsidies
3421:mutualism
3412:Mutualism
3300:Socialism
3285:Communism
3104:Mutualism
3080:Communist
3065:Anarchist
3025:Pannekoek
3020:Pankhurst
2970:Kropotkin
2831:Economics
2510:mutualist
2320:Plutonomy
2201:Regulated
2030:Voluntary
1956:European
1809:Feudalism
1754:Mutualist
1744:Communist
1734:Socialist
1715:Christian
1635:Corporate
1608:Communism
1603:Socialism
1352:Anarchism
1274:Gorbachev
1124:Malatesta
1119:Bernstein
896:Pankhurst
876:Pannekoek
866:Luxemburg
821:Plekhanov
796:Carpenter
791:Kropotkin
588:Ricardian
578:Religious
573:Reformism
558:Nkrumaism
548:Municipal
448:Communism
443:Christian
428:Blanquism
418:Anarchism
361:Mutualism
63:Socialism
10729:Old Left
10724:New Left
10697:See also
10626:Bob Crow
10162:Aung San
9590:Concepts
9367:Yugoslav
9303:European
9216:Buddhist
9123:Kadarism
9111:Husakism
9106:Hoxhaism
9091:Ceaușism
9071:Leninism
9049:Barracks
9011:Posadism
9006:Pabloism
8932:Magonism
8765:Feminist
8745:Agrarian
8619:(2002).
8603:(1989).
8587:(1983).
8550:Preview.
8469:Archived
8467:(4): 3.
8429:Archived
8410:(2006).
8383:Archived
8348:Archived
8329:21 March
8323:Archived
8298:21 March
8292:Archived
8231:Archived
8082:(1997).
8069:Archived
8026:Archived
8018:(2006).
7996:(2000).
7960:Archived
7947:Archived
7877:(2011).
7851:(eds.).
7824:(2009).
7802:(2000).
7719:Archived
7636:Archived
7628:(eds.).
7597:Archived
7591:(2008).
7573:(2000).
7555:(2010).
7537:(2008).
7519:(2011).
7414:21 April
7408:Archived
7381:Archived
7352:Archived
7264:Archived
7232:Archived
7188:(2019).
7132:Archived
7047:29 April
7041:Archived
7004:(1970).
6918:Archived
6913:BBC News
6835:Archived
6775:20 March
6769:Archived
6721:Archived
6615:5 August
6543:Archived
6538:BBC News
6459:5 August
6453:Archived
6429:5 August
6368:Archived
6364:20044816
6276:Archived
6243:Archived
6205:Archived
6157:17 March
6151:Archived
6014:(1992).
5937:Archived
5813:Archived
5782:Archived
5710:(1926).
5568:Archived
5500:Archived
5474:(1992).
5450:Archived
5420:Archived
5339:Archived
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5305:Archived
5227:Archived
5196:Archived
5154:Archived
4955:Archived
4916:40470892
4665:Monopoly
4604:See also
4571:such as
4515:politics
4511:New Left
4501:and the
4301:property
4281:property
4090:monetary
3238:New Left
3030:Proudhon
2945:DĂ©jacque
2920:Bookchin
2753:a series
2751:Part of
2528:owners.
2208:Planning
1859:Informal
1844:Dirigist
1697:Georgist
1692:Feminist
1577:a series
1575:Part of
1470:Category
1209:Erlander
1169:Kerensky
1139:Connolly
996:Thompson
981:Bookchin
971:Montseny
921:Vanzetti
886:Einstein
856:Landauer
761:Saltykov
756:Lassalle
716:Proudhon
498:Gandhian
483:Feminist
433:Buddhist
413:Agrarian
391:Variants
55:a series
53:Part of
10820:Portals
10542:Sukarno
10442:Mao Dun
9335:Mexican
9320:Israeli
9279:Chinese
9259:African
9238:Islamic
9138:Dengism
8847:Owenism
8832:Utopian
8802:Marxian
8792:Liberal
8760:Ethical
8732:thought
8722:Outline
8718:History
8392:12 July
8183:(ed.).
8152:23 July
8092:Cassell
8086:(ed.).
7784:5 March
7725:23 June
6672:: 299.
6605:H-Alter
6565:"Lybia"
5971:1809581
5673:2707055
5614:17 June
5536:2 March
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4730:Titoism
4588:of the
4528:Unlike
4440:statist
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4232:Marxist
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3859:of the
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3810:economy
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3437:banking
3205:History
3118:Marxist
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3000:Marcuse
2990:Margall
2960:Fourier
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2693:Mill's
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2429:of the
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2161:Marxist
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2020:Private
2009:Sectors
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1950:Keralan
1940:Chinese
1914:Virtual
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1234:Kreisky
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1219:Senghor
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1036:Hampton
1006:Chomsky
951:Marcuse
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861:Berkman
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806:Bellamy
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711:Blanqui
691:Fourier
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628:Utopian
568:Popular
563:Owenism
543:Marxism
523:Liberal
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468:Ethical
463:Digital
438:Chinese
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3603:equity
3513:Utopia
3097:Market
3035:Rocker
3015:Pallis
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2995:Morris
2985:Marcos
2980:Makhno
2975:Lefort
2965:Guérin
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2894:People
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2443:public
2310:Palace
2186:Market
2181:Barter
2025:Public
1985:Soviet
1970:Nordic
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1284:Corbyn
1259:Manley
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726:Herzen
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10127:20th
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9744:18th
9720:16th
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8917:Green
8775:Guild
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6284:2018
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