543:. Jastrow attributed this decision to the growing popularity of radical reforms and the congregation's desire to compete for membership with the more liberal synagogues. In his farewell speech, he chastised his congregation, insisting that "he who does not feel himself in unison with the tenets of Israel's religion as they have been transmitted from generation to generation, not justified in occupying a Jewish pulpit established for the proclamation of Jewish doctrines." He made several efforts to prevent the introduction of certain reforms, including articles in the public press. In 1894, the Board felt the necessity to write him to ask him to refrain from publishing articles that might create strife in the congregation. He served as rabbi emeritus of the congregation until he died in 1903 on the
326:
28:
475:(London and New York, 1886–1903). When the dictionary was approaching completion in manuscript (1895), the Jewish Publication Society of America was about to begin work on its projected new translation of the Bible into English, and Jastrow was entrusted with the chief editorship. At the time of his death, the translation of more than half the books of the Bible had been revised by him.
670:
355:. A few weeks later, Nov., 1862, the order for his expulsion was revoked, and gave occasion for a controversy between the congregation at Warsaw (which had continued his salary until he went to Mannheim) and that of Mannheim; at Jastrow's request the latter released him. A few months after his return to Warsaw (Jan. 1863) the
293:; at the memorial service in his synagogue, also on a Sabbath, Jastrow preached his first Polish sermon, which aroused such great enthusiasm that on Sunday his auditors reassembled and took it down at his dictation. Circumventing the censor, they distributed ten thousand manuscript copies within a week.
432:(1873). However, his main activity from 1867 to 1871 was directed toward combating the tendencies expressed in the resolutions of the rabbinical conferences of 1869 and 1871. His opposition to them found expression in a series of polemical articles published in
296:
Although it was controversial at the time, delivering a sermon in Polish does not violate any
Orthodox Jewish restriction, nor does following a funeral procession on foot on the Sabbat. Today most Orthodox rabbis give lectures in their local vernacular.
466:
or "Landshuth's Prayer-Book", and his translation of the same siddurim into
English. In his congregation, Jastrow's influence effected consolidation and growth; in the Jewish community, he participated in the formation and reorganization of societies.
230:, where he graduated in 1855, receiving the degree of doctor of philosophy. In the meantime he continued his Jewish studies and in 1853, at the age of 24, he received his semikhah from Rabbi Moses Feilchenfeld in Rogasen and later, in 1857, from
470:
In 1876 Jastrow fell severely ill, and for some years his public activities were limited by his poor health, which necessitated a stay in the south of Europe. During this period of withdrawal, he fully matured the plans for his great work,
316:
subject, he was sent across the frontier. During his imprisonment, he had been required to answer in writing three questions concerning the relation of the Jews to the Polish
Christians in their opposition to the government.
184:, in pamphlet form. It was finally completed and published in two-volume form in 1903, and has since become a popular resource for students of the Talmud. In the preface to this work, Jastrow sharply criticized those
416:. It dealt with higher education, representation, and the regulation of liturgical changes and Jastrow's personality became a factor in its solution. When, through the exertions of Leeser, the
420:, the first rabbinical college in the United States, was opened at Philadelphia in October 1867, Jastrow occupied the chair of religious philosophy and Jewish history, and later also of
487:
499:
928:
278:, Warsaw, and their burial and the memorial service were turned into patriotic demonstrations, in which, for the first time, Jews in Poland participated as a community.
218:
Marcus
Jastrow was the fifth child of Abraham Jastrow and Yetta (Henrietta) Rolle. Until 1840 he was privately educated. In 1844 he entered the third-year class of the
532:. It was only in 1913, ten years after Jastrow's death, that the next generation of management altered the Orthodox principles of the school, and from them emerged
274:
and Polish conditions. By
February 27, 1861, national feeling had risen so high in Poland that the government called out the military; five victims fell in the
402:, with which he was connected until his death, remaining in active service until 1892 and identifying himself with the interests of the Jewish community.
231:
878:
908:
243:
913:
933:
918:
359:. During its progress, and while Jastrow was traveling, his Prussian passport was canceled, and he was not permitted to return to Warsaw.
953:
873:
809:
898:
704:
M. Jastrow, "Bär
Meisels, Oberrabbiner zu Warschau, Ein Lebensbild auf Historischem Hintergrunde nach Eigner Anschauung Entworfen", in
425:
399:
169:
103:
833:
687:
529:
883:
938:
888:
424:; he was identified with the college until it closed its doors four years later. He supported the plan of organizing the
903:
491:
893:
384:
Vier
Jahrhunderte aus der Gesch. der Juden von der Zerstörung des Ersten Tempels bis zur Makkabäischen Tempelweihe
943:
923:
746:
219:
559:
479:
429:
567:
513:" in 1885, Jastrow, along with many other rabbis of the time, withdrew his congregation's membership.
275:
197:
723:"A Warning voice: Farewell sermon delivered on the occasion of his retirement". Philadelphia, , 1892
270:, the private "German synagogue" on Daniłowiczowska Street, and threw himself into the study of the
624:
552:
506:
79:
839:
Jastrow's
Thanksgiving Sermon at Rodeph Shalom, November 26, 1866 - full view on Internet Archive
696:
478:
In addition to these two great undertakings, he was a member of the
Publication Committee of the
206:
300:
On various pretexts, the three rabbis were arrested (November 10, 1861) and incarcerated in the
844:
Jastrow's essays on Jewish history written while in Worms, 1865 - full view on
Internet Archive
823:
819:
502:, and was active in relieving the needs, material and intellectual, of the Russian immigrants.
486:
as editor of the department of the Talmud; he took a prominent part in the proceedings of the
405:
The problem under discussion at the time was organization, urged in the East by the Orthodox
247:
868:
863:
760:
533:
517:
473:
A Dictionary of the Targumim, the Talmud Babli and Yerushalmi, and the Midrashic Literature
305:
227:
146:
118:
scholar and rabbi, most famously known for his authorship of the popular and comprehensive
57:
192:
scholars who claimed that obscure terms in Talmudic literature are primarily derived from
8:
948:
636:
510:
843:
652:
628:
417:
290:
374:(anonymous; Hamburg, 1864). He probably had a considerable share in the production of
656:
539:
He was removed by his congregation in September 1892 in favor of the Reform-ordained
495:
413:
356:
339:
Broken in health, Jastrow, with his family, spent the spring and summer of 1862 in
263:
166:
129:
838:
172:
in 1866 at the age of thirty-seven. In 1886, he began publishing his magnum opus,
683:
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691:
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632:
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544:
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447:
410:
395:
379:
301:
828:
727:
Champion of Orthodox Judaism: A biography of the Reverend Sabato Morais, LL.D.
857:
829:
Jastrow's Dictionary arranged for alphabetical access online at Tyndale House
814:
674:
525:
200:
was minimal, and that most obscure terms could be much more simply traced to
406:
204:
origins. Jastrow was also responsible for most Talmud-related articles in
679:
639:, he allowed an organ to be installed in the Rodeph Shalom Congregation.
565:
Besides the journals previously mentioned, articles of his appear in the
325:
193:
185:
673: This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
442:
To the same period belongs his collaboration with the leading rabbi in
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53:
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91:
61:
27:
351:; in the autumn he accepted a call from the Jewish community in
451:
344:
267:
239:
175:
125:
121:
115:
505:
Jastrow initially allowed his congregation to join the Reform
394:
In the autumn of 1866 he went to Philadelphia as rabbi of the
286:
158:
114:(June 5, 1829 – October 13, 1903) was a German-born American
720:, Philadelphia, 1802–1926. Davis, Edward, Philadelphia, 1926
378:(Hamburg, 1859 ). In July, 1864, Jastrow accepted a call to
482:
from the time of its establishment, and was connected with
848:
627:, Marcus Jastrow was characterized by Jewish historian
509:. After the Reform movement united around the radical "
312:. His release came on February 12, 1862, when, being a
238:. Jastrow taught briefly at Orthodox Jewish schools in
389:
929:
Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg alumni
824:
Jastrow's Dictionary in PDF, volume II at etana.org
655:, Alice Jastrow, Annie Jastrow and Nellie Jastrow.
820:Jastrow's Dictionary in PDF, volume I at etana.org
855:
834:The History and Future of the Jastrow Dictionary
562:conferred upon him the doctorate of literature.
426:Board of Delegates of Civil and Religious Rights
382:as district rabbi, and while there he produced
362:The literary results of his Polish period are:
659:, the classical archaeologist, was his niece.
329:Portrait of Marcus Jastrow as Rabbi of Worms,
262:, Jastrow moved again as rabbi to the leading
631:as being on the right-wing of early American
253:
795:. Wayne State University Press. p. 649.
784:
226:, graduating in 1852. From there he went to
577:Magazin fĂĽr die Wissenschaft des Judenthums
376:Beleuchtung eines Ministeriellen Gutachtens
490:, held a seat in the central board of the
370:a volume of Polish sermons (Posen, 1863);
170:Congregation Rodeph Shalom in Philadelphia
26:
879:19th-century American non-fiction writers
718:The History of Rodeph Shalom Congregation
909:American people of German-Jewish descent
498:, was one of the vice-presidents of the
324:
372:Die Vorläufer des Polnischen Aufstandes
196:. Jastrow held that Greek influence on
856:
790:
530:Jewish Theological Seminary of America
507:Union of American Hebrew Congregations
494:in Paris, was on the committee of the
178:, Talmud Babli, Talmud Yerushalmi and
914:German emigrants to the United States
934:People from the Grand Duchy of Posen
320:
308:; for 72 days he shared the cell of
919:Jewish American non-fiction writers
165:), he became the rabbi of the then-
13:
954:University of Pennsylvania faculty
874:19th-century American male writers
810:Jastrow's Dictionary at Wikisource
614:
450:, in the revision of the latter's
390:Aids organization of American Jews
304:. For 23 days Jastrow was kept in
14:
965:
899:American male non-fiction writers
803:
700:. New York: Funk & Wagnalls.
668:
642:
289:, including Jastrow, joined the
815:Jastrow's Dictionary at Sefaria
662:
500:American Federation of Zionists
793:United States Jewry, 1776-1985
771:
753:
739:
585:Journal of Biblical Literature
492:Alliance Israélite Universelle
1:
732:
516:In 1886, together with Rabbi
488:Jewish Ministers' Association
428:and, under its auspices, the
330:
884:19th-century American rabbis
791:Marcus, Jacob Rader (1989).
747:"Jastrow, Marcus (Mordecai)"
688:"Jastrow, Marcus (Mordecai)"
366:(anonymous; Hamburg, 1859);
213:
161:, and Doctorate of Letters (
7:
939:People from Oborniki County
889:19th-century lexicographers
364:Die Lage der Juden in Polen
220:Friedrich Wilhelm Gymnasium
10:
970:
647:Jastrow was the father of
560:University of Pennsylvania
480:Jewish Publication Society
430:Jewish Publication Society
254:Joins in Polish revolution
749:. JewishEncyclopedia.com.
198:Jewish Babylonian Aramaic
157:(rabbinical ordination),
97:
87:
68:
39:
34:
25:
18:
904:American Orthodox rabbis
849:Marcus Mordechai Jastrow
761:"YIVO | Jastrow, Markus"
625:Frederick de Sola Mendes
553:Germantown, Philadelphia
258:In 1858, recommended by
80:Germantown, Philadelphia
894:American lexicographers
697:The Jewish Encyclopedia
635:. While opposed to the
568:Revue des Études Juives
484:The Jewish Encyclopedia
409:and in the West by the
276:Krakowskie Przedmieście
242:, first at a school by
207:The Jewish Encyclopedia
944:Polish Orthodox rabbis
708:, April 1-July 1, 1870
694:; et al. (eds.).
336:
924:Jewish lexicographers
328:
765:yivoencyclopedia.org
534:Conservative Judaism
518:Henry Pereira Mendes
456:Seder Abodat Yisrael
386:(Heidelberg, 1865).
357:revolution broke out
306:solitary confinement
174:A Dictionary of the
147:Grand Duchy of Posen
141:Jastrow was born in
58:Grand Duchy of Posen
637:Pittsburgh Platform
599:; "Jewish Record";
511:Pittsburgh Platform
104:University of Halle
653:Morris Jastrow Jr.
629:Jacob Rader Marcus
524:, he helped Rabbi
418:Maimonides College
337:
291:funeral procession
281:Though it was the
153:. After receiving
120:Dictionary of the
781:July 15, 22, 1870
657:Elisabeth Jastrow
520:, founder of the
438:The Jewish Times.
434:The Hebrew Leader
321:Returns to Warsaw
232:Rabbi Wolf Landau
130:Talmud Yerushalmi
109:
108:
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797:
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750:
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714:October 16, 1903
712:Jewish Exponent,
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601:Jewish Messenger
496:Mekitze Nirdamim
462:'s home siddur,
414:Isaac Mayer Wise
368:Kazania Polskie,
335:
334: 1864–1868
332:
266:congregation in
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72:October 13, 1903
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692:Singer, Isidore
684:Henrietta Szold
669:
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617:
615:Religious views
609:Jewish Exponent
605:American Hebrew
549:Shemini Atzeret
541:Henry Berkowitz
460:Hirsch Edelmann
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333:
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310:Dow Ber Meisels
272:Polish language
260:Heinrich Graetz
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99:Alma mater
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82:, United States
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779:Hebrew Leader,
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729:
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649:Joseph Jastrow
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621:Benjamin Szold
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545:Jewish holiday
528:establish the
522:Orthodox Union
448:Benjamin Szold
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302:Warsaw Citadel
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112:Marcus Jastrow
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686:(1901–1906).
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675:public domain
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643:Personal life
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573:Monatsschrift
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558:In 1900, the
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593:Young Israel
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571:; Frankel's
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407:Isaac Leeser
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190:etymological
173:
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126:Talmud Babli
119:
111:
110:
74:(1903-10-13)
50:June 5, 1829
869:1903 deaths
864:1829 births
680:Cyrus Adler
619:Along with
244:David Rosen
194:Koine Greek
949:Talmudists
858:Categories
733:References
464:Hegyon Leb
250:' school.
186:linguistic
182:Literature
136:Literature
46:1829-06-05
458:) and of
444:Baltimore
396:Ashkenazi
214:Biography
180:Midrashic
134:Midrashic
589:Hebraica
581:Sippurim
422:exegesis
353:Mannheim
314:Prussian
285:, three
264:Orthodox
246:then at
176:Targumim
167:Orthodox
155:semikhah
122:Targumim
116:Talmudic
88:Religion
35:Personal
677::
611:; etc.
597:Libanon
349:Dresden
341:Breslau
283:Shabbat
236:Dresden
163:D.Litt.
151:Prussia
145:in the
143:Rogasen
92:Judaism
62:Prussia
54:Rogasen
633:Reform
452:siddur
411:Reform
347:, and
345:Berlin
287:rabbis
268:Warsaw
240:Berlin
202:Hebrew
690:. In
380:Worms
228:Halle
224:Posen
159:Ph.D.
777:see
682:and
623:and
436:and
188:and
132:and
69:Died
40:Born
551:in
547:of
234:in
222:at
860::
822:;
763:.
651:,
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603:;
595:;
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587:;
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579:;
555:.
536:.
446:,
343:,
331:c.
210:.
149:,
138:.
128:,
124:,
60:,
56:,
767:.
454:(
48:)
44:(
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