291:
225:
45:
56:
172:, meaning "little man, figurine", referring to late Middle Ages practice in Flanders whereby public display of even women's clothes was performed by male pages (boys). Fashion shops in Paris ordered dolls in reed from Flemish merchants. Flanders was in terms of logistics the easiest region to import reed dolls from, as the rivers Schelde and Oise provided easy routes from Flanders to Paris. As the Flemish wrote '
352:
221:. The fiberglass mannequins are usually more expensive than the plastic ones, tend to be not as durable, but are significantly more realistic. Plastic mannequins, on the other hand, are a relatively new innovation in the mannequin field and are built to withstand the hustle of customer foot traffic usually witnessed in the store they are placed in.
466:
to track the movement of CIA agents posing as diplomats. A "Jack-in-the-Box" – a mannequin representing the upper half of a human – would quickly replace a CIA agent after he left the car driven by another agent and walked away, so that any counterintelligence officers monitoring the agent's car
286:
such as ivory manikins were used by doctors in the 17th century to study medical anatomy and as a teaching aid for pregnancy and childbirth. Each figure could be opened up to reveal internal organs and sometimes fetuses. There are only 180 known surviving ancient medical manikins worldwide.
451:. The besieged Tang army lowered scarecrows down the walls of their castles to lure the fire of the enemy arrows. In this way, they renewed their supplies of arrows. Dummies were also used in the trenches in World War I to lure enemy snipers away from the soldiers.
336:). Fire and coastguard services use mannequins to practice life-saving procedures. The mannequins have similar weight distribution to a human. Special obese mannequins and horse mannequins have also been made for similar purposes.
258:
invented the full-scale articulated mannequin (more properly known as lay figure) as an aid in drawing and painting draped figures. In 18th-century
England, lay-figures are known to have been owned by portrait painters such as
243:
Mannequins are used primarily by retail stores as in-store displays or window decoration. However, many online sellers also use them to display their products for their product photos (as opposed to using a live model).
1058:
520:. XXVII. 119 Another salon ornamented with tall mirrors in which were reflected the slender elegant figures of several mannequins, most of them exceedingly pretty and all arrayed in magnificent dresses...
1112:
111:
and textiles. Previously, the
English term referred to human models and muses (a meaning which it still retains in French and other European languages); the meaning as a dummy dating from the start of
210:, were made in France in the mid-19th century. Mannequins were later made of wax to produce a more lifelike appearance. In the 1920s, wax was supplanted by a more durable composite made with plaster.
1036:
339:
Over-reliance on mass-produced mannequins has been criticized for teaching medical students a hypothetical "average" that does not help them identify or understand the significant amount of
760:
178:' for 'little man' on their invoices, the Parisians pronounced this as 'mannequen', hence shifted to 'mannequin'. A mannequin is thus linguistically masculine, not feminine.
616:
960:
1124:
587:
564:
1026:
439:(2023) is the story of a person who works in a mannequin factory and falls in love with one of the mannequins, imagining it as his childhood crush.
752:
1003:
813:
792:
621:
683:
433:(1987) is a story of a window dresser who falls in love with a mannequin that comes to life. The romantic thriller film
970:
1160:
1086:
948:
928:
691:
597:
572:
487:
138:
to help show the effects of nuclear weapons on humans. Also referred to as mannequins are the human figures used in
1184:
727:
895:
1179:
306:
190:
used by fashion houses for dress making. The use of mannequins originated in the 15th century, when miniature "
127:
198:
mannequins came into use in the mid-18th century. Wirework mannequins were manufactured in Paris from 1835.
703:
455:
310:
31:
17:
537:
1059:"Bommai Movie Review: Another psycho act by SJ Suryah in a film that's a treasure trove of cliches"
592:
38:
1031:
993:
542:
135:
837:"A brief history of the development of mannequin simulators for clinical education and training"
516:
369:
Mannequins were a frequent motif in the works of many early 20th-century artists, notably the
550:
429:
290:
412:
359:
160:, which had acquired the meaning "an artist's jointed model", which in turn came from the
8:
463:
459:
264:
191:
139:
131:
863:
836:
435:
373:
272:
1156:
944:
924:
868:
821:
782:
531:
448:
404:" (1960) involves mannequins taking turns living in the real world as people. In the
396:
314:
207:
233:
1152:
858:
848:
611:
482:
447:
Military use of mannequins is recorded amongst the ancient
Chinese, such as at the
370:
283:
213:
Modern day mannequins are made from a variety of materials, the primary ones being
161:
680:
687:
401:
377:
260:
224:
149:
1113:"Tolkachev, A Worthy Successor to Penkovsky. An Exceptional Espionage Operation"
332:
courses, manikins may be used to demonstrate methods of giving first aid (e.g.,
528:
97/2 Mannequin model of human figure for display of garments, hats, furs, etc.
476:
363:
340:
254:
100:
941:
On
Classic Ground: Picasso, Léger, de Chirico and the New Classicism 1910-1930
381:
1173:
853:
333:
387:
Shop windows displaying mannequins were a frequent photographic subject for
872:
493:
388:
268:
237:
112:
1090:
753:"CT scans confirm 17th-century medical mannikins are mostly made of ivory"
44:
1063:
998:
355:
96:
704:
https://www.oed.com/dictionary/lay-figure_n?tab=meaning_and_use#39517536
458:(CIA) report describes the use of a mannequin ("Jack-in-the-Box") as a
406:
302:
214:
187:
1166:
Verstappen, Stefan. The Thirty-six
Strategies of Ancient China. 1999.
887:
329:
295:
123:
55:
462:
measure, intended to make it more difficult for the host country's
104:
1142:
920:
787:
218:
108:
92:
88:
294:
A medical student performs an eye examination on a mannequin in
195:
194:" were used to demonstrate fashions for customers. Full-scale,
119:
49:
1027:"Why Mannequin Is the Best Movie Ever Made About Philadelphia"
351:
421:
417:
834:
305:
mannequins, models or related artefacts such as SimMan, the
84:
965:
692:
The
Ultimate Visual Guide to Choosing the Right Mannequin
394:
Mannequins have been used in horror and science fiction.
668:. Vol. 2. Detroit: Charles Scribner's Sons, 2005. p. 379
652:. Vol. 2. Detroit: Charles Scribner's Sons, 2005. p. 377
617:
The
American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language
717:, Harris Museum and Art Gallery, Preston, 1983, p.67
416:(1970), an alien intelligence attempts to take over
346:
321:
refers exclusively to these types of models, though
588:"Archaeologists Explore Cold War Nuclear Test Site"
529:
750:
530:
1171:
130:, and advanced airway management skills such as
818:Gordon Center for Research in Medical Education
27:Doll or statue used to show clothing in a store
835:Cooper Jeffery B, Taqueti VR (December 2008).
490:- dummy used in Vostok spacecraft test flights
37:"Manikin" redirects here. For other uses, see
571:. Seattle Times Company. 1995. Archived from
939:*Cowling, Elizabeth; Mundy, Jennifer. 1990.
917:Giorgio de Chirico 1888–1978 the modern myth
828:
467:would believe that he was still in the car.
154:
134:. During the 1950s, mannequins were used in
660:
658:
644:
642:
640:
638:
173:
166:
862:
852:
142:to model the behavior of the human body.
103:and others, especially to display or fit
1141:The Recycling and Reuse of Mannequins -
885:
655:
635:
350:
289:
223:
54:
43:
1024:
991:
585:
14:
1172:
1110:
992:Mulkern, Patrick (14 September 2009).
420:with killer plastic mannequins called
763:from the original on 30 November 2019
206:The first female mannequins, made of
118:Life-sized mannequins with simulated
676:
674:
666:Encyclopedia of Clothing and Fashion
650:Encyclopedia of Clothing and Fashion
551:participating institution membership
278:
24:
1135:
1006:from the original on 27 April 2015
751:Jennifer Ouellette (27 Nov 2019).
620:. Houghton Mifflin Company. 2004.
586:Trivedi, Bijal P. (15 July 2002).
25:
1196:
1039:from the original on 7 March 2018
671:
479:, sexual attraction to mannequins
347:Representation in art and culture
247:
186:Shop mannequins are derived from
48:Mannequins in a clothing shop in
1025:McQuade, Dan (4 December 2013).
1104:
1079:
1051:
1018:
985:
953:
943:. London: Tate Gallery. p. 54.
933:
909:
898:from the original on 2019-05-27
879:
806:
795:from the original on 2006-12-30
775:
744:
720:
624:from the original on 2009-08-10
442:
362:lay figures form a contrasting
201:
1149:The Dream of the Moving Statue
886:Jacobson, Ella (20 May 2019).
715:Polite Society by Arthur Devis
708:
697:
604:
579:
557:
506:
307:Transparent Anatomical Manikin
13:
1:
499:
87:, often articulated, used by
122:are used in the teaching of
7:
470:
456:Central Intelligence Agency
10:
1201:
915:Holzhey, Magdalena. 2005.
181:
59:A mannequin in North India
36:
32:Mannequin (disambiguation)
29:
1111:Royden, Barry G. (2003),
569:Seattle Times Trinity Web
565:"Nuclear Test Mannequins"
538:Oxford English Dictionary
427:The romantic comedy film
854:10.1136/qshc.2004.009886
593:National Geographic News
343:seen in the real world.
39:Manikin (disambiguation)
1117:Studies in Intelligence
814:"Harvey: Major Changes"
664:Steele, Valerie (ed.).
648:Steele, Valerie (ed.).
543:Oxford University Press
271:for the arrangement of
107:and show off different
1185:Dummies and mannequins
994:"Spearhead from Space"
961:"Spearhead from Space"
366:
298:
240:
174:
167:
155:
67:(sometimes spelled as
60:
52:
1180:Visual arts materials
371:metaphysical painters
354:
293:
227:
192:milliners' mannequins
58:
47:
1087:"List of strategies"
413:Spearhead from Space
360:anatomically correct
325:is often also used.
30:For other uses, see
1123:(3), archived from
694:by The Shop Company
681:The Mannequin Guide
575:on 15 January 2012.
541:(Online ed.).
464:counterintelligence
460:countersurveillance
313:are widely used in
273:conversation pieces
265:Thomas Gainsborough
252:Renaissance artist
140:computer simulation
132:tracheal intubation
686:2013-10-02 at the
600:on 18 August 2017.
374:Giorgio de Chirico
367:
299:
241:
71:and also called a
61:
53:
1147:Gross, Kenneth -
549:(Subscription or
397:The Twilight Zone
315:medical education
284:Anatomical models
279:Medical education
16:(Redirected from
1192:
1153:Penn State Press
1129:
1128:
1127:on June 13, 2007
1108:
1102:
1101:
1099:
1098:
1089:. Archived from
1083:
1077:
1076:
1074:
1072:
1055:
1049:
1048:
1046:
1044:
1022:
1016:
1015:
1013:
1011:
989:
983:
982:
980:
978:
969:. Archived from
957:
951:
937:
931:
913:
907:
906:
904:
903:
883:
877:
876:
866:
856:
847:(997): 563–570.
832:
826:
825:
820:. Archived from
810:
804:
803:
801:
800:
779:
773:
772:
770:
768:
748:
742:
741:
739:
738:
732:Oxford Reference
724:
718:
712:
706:
701:
695:
678:
669:
662:
653:
646:
633:
632:
630:
629:
608:
602:
601:
596:. Archived from
583:
577:
576:
561:
555:
554:
546:
534:
510:
483:Crash test dummy
449:siege of Yongqiu
341:normal variation
177:
170:
158:
21:
1200:
1199:
1195:
1194:
1193:
1191:
1190:
1189:
1170:
1169:
1138:
1136:Further reading
1133:
1132:
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1080:
1070:
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829:
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766:
764:
749:
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734:
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721:
713:
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702:
698:
688:Wayback Machine
679:
672:
663:
656:
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627:
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610:
609:
605:
584:
580:
563:
562:
558:
548:
511:
507:
502:
473:
445:
402:The After Hours
378:Alberto Savinio
349:
301:Today, medical
281:
261:Joshua Reynolds
250:
204:
184:
148:comes from the
101:window dressers
42:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1198:
1188:
1187:
1182:
1168:
1167:
1164:
1145:
1143:See 'Mannakin'
1137:
1134:
1131:
1130:
1103:
1078:
1067:. 16 June 2023
1050:
1017:
984:
952:
932:
908:
878:
841:Postgrad Med J
827:
824:on 2007-03-28.
805:
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719:
707:
696:
670:
654:
634:
603:
578:
556:
504:
503:
501:
498:
497:
496:
491:
488:Ivan Ivanovich
485:
480:
477:Agalmatophilia
472:
469:
444:
441:
364:tableau vivant
348:
345:
280:
277:
255:Fra Bartolomeo
249:
248:Use by artists
246:
234:Albrecht Dürer
203:
200:
183:
180:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1197:
1186:
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1181:
1178:
1177:
1175:
1165:
1162:
1161:0-271-02900-5
1158:
1154:
1150:
1146:
1144:
1140:
1139:
1126:
1122:
1118:
1114:
1107:
1093:on 2012-10-27
1092:
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1082:
1066:
1065:
1060:
1054:
1038:
1034:
1033:
1028:
1021:
1005:
1001:
1000:
995:
988:
973:on 2 May 2015
972:
968:
967:
962:
956:
950:
949:1-85437-043-X
946:
942:
936:
930:
929:3-8228-4152-8
926:
923:. pp. 42–43.
922:
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582:
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527:
526:Lang. Fashion
524:M. B. Picken
523:
519:
518:
517:Pall Mall Mag
514:
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334:resuscitation
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136:nuclear tests
133:
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90:
86:
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78:
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66:
57:
51:
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40:
33:
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1148:
1125:the original
1120:
1116:
1106:
1095:. Retrieved
1091:the original
1081:
1069:. Retrieved
1062:
1053:
1041:. Retrieved
1032:Philadelphia
1030:
1020:
1008:. Retrieved
997:
987:
975:. Retrieved
971:the original
964:
955:
940:
935:
916:
911:
900:. Retrieved
891:
881:
844:
840:
830:
822:the original
817:
808:
797:. Retrieved
786:
777:
765:. Retrieved
757:ars Technica
756:
746:
735:. Retrieved
731:
728:"lay figure"
722:
714:
710:
699:
665:
649:
626:. Retrieved
615:
606:
598:the original
591:
581:
573:the original
568:
559:
536:
525:
521:
515:
512:
508:
494:Resusci Anne
453:
446:
443:Military use
434:
428:
426:
411:
405:
395:
393:
389:Eugène Atget
386:
368:
338:
327:
322:
318:
300:
282:
269:Arthur Devis
253:
251:
242:
238:Prado Museum
229:
212:
208:papier-mâché
205:
202:Shop display
185:
165:
153:
145:
144:
117:
113:World War II
80:
76:
72:
68:
64:
62:
1064:India Today
999:Radio Times
888:"Too Human"
767:30 November
612:"mannequin"
532:"mannequin"
382:Carlo Carrà
317:. The term
188:dress forms
97:dressmakers
1174:Categories
1097:2012-10-27
902:2019-05-27
799:2007-01-13
737:2024-03-08
628:2009-08-07
553:required.)
500:References
407:Doctor Who
303:simulation
230:lay figure
215:fiberglass
196:wickerwork
175:manneke(n)
81:dress form
77:lay figure
18:Mannequins
892:Real Life
430:Mannequin
400:episode "
330:first aid
323:mannequin
296:Mauritius
156:mannequin
146:Mannequin
124:first aid
65:mannequin
1043:21 April
1037:Archived
1010:21 April
1004:Archived
977:21 April
919:. Koln:
896:Archived
873:19103813
793:Archived
783:"SimMan"
761:Archived
684:Archived
622:Archived
471:See also
356:Abstract
168:manneken
105:clothing
1071:15 July
921:Taschen
864:1765785
788:Laerdal
410:serial
319:manikin
236:in the
219:plastic
182:History
162:Flemish
120:airways
109:fabrics
93:tailors
89:artists
83:) is a
69:manikin
1159:
1155:1992,
947:
927:
871:
861:
436:Bommai
422:Autons
311:Harvey
267:, and
150:French
50:Canada
547:
418:Earth
164:word
152:word
79:, or
73:dummy
1157:ISBN
1073:2023
1045:2015
1012:2015
979:2015
945:ISBN
925:ISBN
869:PMID
769:2019
690:and
522:1939
513:1902
380:and
358:and
217:and
85:doll
966:BBC
859:PMC
849:doi
328:In
309:or
275:.
232:by
128:CPR
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