280:
214:
34:
45:
161:, meaning "little man, figurine", referring to late Middle Ages practice in Flanders whereby public display of even women's clothes was performed by male pages (boys). Fashion shops in Paris ordered dolls in reed from Flemish merchants. Flanders was in terms of logistics the easiest region to import reed dolls from, as the rivers Schelde and Oise provided easy routes from Flanders to Paris. As the Flemish wrote '
341:
210:. The fiberglass mannequins are usually more expensive than the plastic ones, tend to be not as durable, but are significantly more realistic. Plastic mannequins, on the other hand, are a relatively new innovation in the mannequin field and are built to withstand the hustle of customer foot traffic usually witnessed in the store they are placed in.
455:
to track the movement of CIA agents posing as diplomats. A "Jack-in-the-Box" – a mannequin representing the upper half of a human – would quickly replace a CIA agent after he left the car driven by another agent and walked away, so that any counterintelligence officers monitoring the agent's car
275:
such as ivory manikins were used by doctors in the 17th century to study medical anatomy and as a teaching aid for pregnancy and childbirth. Each figure could be opened up to reveal internal organs and sometimes fetuses. There are only 180 known surviving ancient medical manikins worldwide.
440:. The besieged Tang army lowered scarecrows down the walls of their castles to lure the fire of the enemy arrows. In this way, they renewed their supplies of arrows. Dummies were also used in the trenches in World War I to lure enemy snipers away from the soldiers.
325:). Fire and coastguard services use mannequins to practice life-saving procedures. The mannequins have similar weight distribution to a human. Special obese mannequins and horse mannequins have also been made for similar purposes.
247:
invented the full-scale articulated mannequin (more properly known as lay figure) as an aid in drawing and painting draped figures. In 18th-century
England, lay-figures are known to have been owned by portrait painters such as
232:
Mannequins are used primarily by retail stores as in-store displays or window decoration. However, many online sellers also use them to display their products for their product photos (as opposed to using a live model).
1047:
509:. XXVII. 119 Another salon ornamented with tall mirrors in which were reflected the slender elegant figures of several mannequins, most of them exceedingly pretty and all arrayed in magnificent dresses...
1101:
100:
and textiles. Previously, the
English term referred to human models and muses (a meaning which it still retains in French and other European languages); the meaning as a dummy dating from the start of
199:, were made in France in the mid-19th century. Mannequins were later made of wax to produce a more lifelike appearance. In the 1920s, wax was supplanted by a more durable composite made with plaster.
1025:
328:
Over-reliance on mass-produced mannequins has been criticized for teaching medical students a hypothetical "average" that does not help them identify or understand the significant amount of
749:
167:' for 'little man' on their invoices, the Parisians pronounced this as 'mannequen', hence shifted to 'mannequin'. A mannequin is thus linguistically masculine, not feminine.
605:
949:
1113:
576:
553:
1015:
428:(2023) is the story of a person who works in a mannequin factory and falls in love with one of the mannequins, imagining it as his childhood crush.
741:
992:
802:
781:
610:
672:
422:(1987) is a story of a window dresser who falls in love with a mannequin that comes to life. The romantic thriller film
959:
1149:
1075:
937:
917:
680:
586:
561:
476:
127:
to help show the effects of nuclear weapons on humans. Also referred to as mannequins are the human figures used in
1173:
716:
884:
1168:
295:
179:
used by fashion houses for dress making. The use of mannequins originated in the 15th century, when miniature "
116:
187:
mannequins came into use in the mid-18th century. Wirework mannequins were manufactured in Paris from 1835.
692:
444:
299:
20:
526:
1048:"Bommai Movie Review: Another psycho act by SJ Suryah in a film that's a treasure trove of cliches"
581:
27:
1020:
982:
531:
124:
826:"A brief history of the development of mannequin simulators for clinical education and training"
505:
358:
Mannequins were a frequent motif in the works of many early 20th-century artists, notably the
539:
418:
279:
401:
348:
149:, which had acquired the meaning "an artist's jointed model", which in turn came from the
8:
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448:
253:
180:
128:
120:
852:
825:
424:
362:
261:
1145:
933:
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437:
393:" (1960) involves mannequins taking turns living in the real world as people. In the
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303:
196:
222:
1141:
847:
837:
600:
471:
436:
Military use of mannequins is recorded amongst the ancient
Chinese, such as at the
359:
272:
202:
Modern day mannequins are made from a variety of materials, the primary ones being
150:
669:
676:
390:
366:
249:
213:
138:
1102:"Tolkachev, A Worthy Successor to Penkovsky. An Exceptional Espionage Operation"
321:
courses, manikins may be used to demonstrate methods of giving first aid (e.g.,
517:
97/2 Mannequin model of human figure for display of garments, hats, furs, etc.
465:
352:
329:
243:
89:
930:
On
Classic Ground: Picasso, Léger, de Chirico and the New Classicism 1910-1930
370:
1162:
842:
322:
376:
Shop windows displaying mannequins were a frequent photographic subject for
861:
482:
377:
257:
226:
101:
1079:
742:"CT scans confirm 17th-century medical mannikins are mostly made of ivory"
33:
1052:
987:
344:
85:
693:
https://www.oed.com/dictionary/lay-figure_n?tab=meaning_and_use#39517536
447:(CIA) report describes the use of a mannequin ("Jack-in-the-Box") as a
395:
291:
203:
176:
1155:
Verstappen, Stefan. The Thirty-six
Strategies of Ancient China. 1999.
876:
318:
284:
112:
44:
451:
measure, intended to make it more difficult for the host country's
93:
1131:
909:
776:
207:
97:
81:
77:
283:
A medical student performs an eye examination on a mannequin in
184:
183:" were used to demonstrate fashions for customers. Full-scale,
108:
38:
1016:"Why Mannequin Is the Best Movie Ever Made About Philadelphia"
340:
410:
406:
823:
294:
mannequins, models or related artefacts such as SimMan, the
73:
954:
681:
The
Ultimate Visual Guide to Choosing the Right Mannequin
383:
Mannequins have been used in horror and science fiction.
657:. Vol. 2. Detroit: Charles Scribner's Sons, 2005. p. 379
641:. Vol. 2. Detroit: Charles Scribner's Sons, 2005. p. 377
606:
The
American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language
706:, Harris Museum and Art Gallery, Preston, 1983, p.67
405:(1970), an alien intelligence attempts to take over
335:
310:
refers exclusively to these types of models, though
577:"Archaeologists Explore Cold War Nuclear Test Site"
518:
739:
519:
1160:
119:, and advanced airway management skills such as
807:Gordon Center for Research in Medical Education
16:Doll or statue used to show clothing in a store
824:Cooper Jeffery B, Taqueti VR (December 2008).
479:- dummy used in Vostok spacecraft test flights
26:"Manikin" redirects here. For other uses, see
560:. Seattle Times Company. 1995. Archived from
928:*Cowling, Elizabeth; Mundy, Jennifer. 1990.
906:Giorgio de Chirico 1888–1978 the modern myth
817:
456:would believe that he was still in the car.
143:
123:. During the 1950s, mannequins were used in
649:
647:
633:
631:
629:
627:
162:
155:
851:
841:
131:to model the behavior of the human body.
92:and others, especially to display or fit
1130:The Recycling and Reuse of Mannequins -
874:
644:
624:
339:
278:
212:
43:
32:
1013:
980:
574:
1161:
1099:
981:Mulkern, Patrick (14 September 2009).
409:with killer plastic mannequins called
752:from the original on 30 November 2019
195:The first female mannequins, made of
107:Life-sized mannequins with simulated
665:
663:
655:Encyclopedia of Clothing and Fashion
639:Encyclopedia of Clothing and Fashion
540:participating institution membership
267:
13:
1124:
995:from the original on 27 April 2015
740:Jennifer Ouellette (27 Nov 2019).
609:. Houghton Mifflin Company. 2004.
575:Trivedi, Bijal P. (15 July 2002).
14:
1185:
1028:from the original on 7 March 2018
660:
468:, sexual attraction to mannequins
336:Representation in art and culture
236:
175:Shop mannequins are derived from
37:Mannequins in a clothing shop in
1014:McQuade, Dan (4 December 2013).
1093:
1068:
1040:
1007:
974:
942:
932:. London: Tate Gallery. p. 54.
922:
898:
887:from the original on 2019-05-27
868:
795:
784:from the original on 2006-12-30
764:
733:
709:
613:from the original on 2009-08-10
431:
351:lay figures form a contrasting
190:
1138:The Dream of the Moving Statue
875:Jacobson, Ella (20 May 2019).
704:Polite Society by Arthur Devis
697:
686:
593:
568:
546:
495:
296:Transparent Anatomical Manikin
1:
488:
76:, often articulated, used by
111:are used in the teaching of
7:
459:
445:Central Intelligence Agency
10:
1190:
904:Holzhey, Magdalena. 2005.
170:
48:A mannequin in North India
25:
21:Mannequin (disambiguation)
18:
1100:Royden, Barry G. (2003),
558:Seattle Times Trinity Web
554:"Nuclear Test Mannequins"
527:Oxford English Dictionary
416:The romantic comedy film
843:10.1136/qshc.2004.009886
582:National Geographic News
332:seen in the real world.
28:Manikin (disambiguation)
1106:Studies in Intelligence
803:"Harvey: Major Changes"
653:Steele, Valerie (ed.).
637:Steele, Valerie (ed.).
532:Oxford University Press
260:for the arrangement of
96:and show off different
1174:Dummies and mannequins
983:"Spearhead from Space"
950:"Spearhead from Space"
355:
287:
229:
163:
156:
144:
56:(sometimes spelled as
49:
41:
1169:Visual arts materials
360:metaphysical painters
343:
282:
216:
181:milliners' mannequins
47:
36:
1076:"List of strategies"
402:Spearhead from Space
349:anatomically correct
314:is often also used.
19:For other uses, see
1112:(3), archived from
683:by The Shop Company
670:The Mannequin Guide
564:on 15 January 2012.
530:(Online ed.).
453:counterintelligence
449:countersurveillance
302:are widely used in
262:conversation pieces
254:Thomas Gainsborough
241:Renaissance artist
129:computer simulation
121:tracheal intubation
675:2013-10-02 at the
589:on 18 August 2017.
363:Giorgio de Chirico
356:
288:
230:
60:and also called a
50:
42:
1136:Gross, Kenneth -
538:(Subscription or
386:The Twilight Zone
304:medical education
273:Anatomical models
268:Medical education
1181:
1142:Penn State Press
1118:
1117:
1116:on June 13, 2007
1097:
1091:
1090:
1088:
1087:
1078:. Archived from
1072:
1066:
1065:
1063:
1061:
1044:
1038:
1037:
1035:
1033:
1011:
1005:
1004:
1002:
1000:
978:
972:
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958:. Archived from
946:
940:
926:
920:
902:
896:
895:
893:
892:
872:
866:
865:
855:
845:
836:(997): 563–570.
821:
815:
814:
809:. Archived from
799:
793:
792:
790:
789:
768:
762:
761:
759:
757:
737:
731:
730:
728:
727:
721:Oxford Reference
713:
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684:
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658:
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642:
635:
622:
621:
619:
618:
597:
591:
590:
585:. Archived from
572:
566:
565:
550:
544:
543:
535:
523:
499:
472:Crash test dummy
438:siege of Yongqiu
330:normal variation
166:
159:
147:
1189:
1188:
1184:
1183:
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1180:
1179:
1178:
1159:
1158:
1127:
1125:Further reading
1122:
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698:
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677:Wayback Machine
668:
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462:
434:
391:The After Hours
367:Alberto Savinio
338:
290:Today, medical
270:
250:Joshua Reynolds
239:
193:
173:
137:comes from the
90:window dressers
31:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1187:
1177:
1176:
1171:
1157:
1156:
1153:
1134:
1132:See 'Mannakin'
1126:
1123:
1120:
1119:
1092:
1067:
1056:. 16 June 2023
1039:
1006:
973:
941:
921:
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867:
830:Postgrad Med J
816:
813:on 2007-03-28.
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477:Ivan Ivanovich
474:
469:
466:Agalmatophilia
461:
458:
433:
430:
353:tableau vivant
337:
334:
269:
266:
244:Fra Bartolomeo
238:
237:Use by artists
235:
223:Albrecht Dürer
192:
189:
172:
169:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1186:
1175:
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1150:0-271-02900-5
1147:
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1082:on 2012-10-27
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962:on 2 May 2015
961:
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945:
939:
938:1-85437-043-X
935:
931:
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919:
918:3-8228-4152-8
915:
912:. pp. 42–43.
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515:Lang. Fashion
513:M. B. Picken
512:
508:
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506:Pall Mall Mag
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323:resuscitation
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125:nuclear tests
122:
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83:
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63:
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40:
35:
29:
22:
1137:
1114:the original
1109:
1105:
1095:
1084:. Retrieved
1080:the original
1070:
1058:. Retrieved
1051:
1042:
1030:. Retrieved
1021:Philadelphia
1019:
1009:
997:. Retrieved
986:
976:
964:. Retrieved
960:the original
953:
944:
929:
924:
905:
900:
889:. Retrieved
880:
870:
833:
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819:
811:the original
806:
797:
786:. Retrieved
775:
766:
754:. Retrieved
746:ars Technica
745:
735:
724:. Retrieved
720:
717:"lay figure"
711:
703:
699:
688:
654:
638:
615:. Retrieved
604:
595:
587:the original
580:
570:
562:the original
557:
548:
525:
514:
510:
504:
501:
497:
483:Resusci Anne
442:
435:
432:Military use
423:
417:
415:
400:
394:
384:
382:
378:Eugène Atget
375:
357:
327:
316:
311:
307:
289:
271:
258:Arthur Devis
242:
240:
231:
227:Prado Museum
218:
201:
197:papier-mâché
194:
191:Shop display
174:
154:
142:
134:
133:
106:
102:World War II
69:
65:
61:
57:
53:
51:
1053:India Today
988:Radio Times
877:"Too Human"
756:30 November
601:"mannequin"
521:"mannequin"
371:Carlo Carrà
306:. The term
177:dress forms
86:dressmakers
1163:Categories
1086:2012-10-27
891:2019-05-27
788:2007-01-13
726:2024-03-08
617:2009-08-07
542:required.)
489:References
396:Doctor Who
292:simulation
219:lay figure
204:fiberglass
185:wickerwork
164:manneke(n)
70:dress form
66:lay figure
881:Real Life
419:Mannequin
389:episode "
319:first aid
312:mannequin
285:Mauritius
145:mannequin
135:Mannequin
113:first aid
54:mannequin
1032:21 April
1026:Archived
999:21 April
993:Archived
966:21 April
908:. Koln:
885:Archived
862:19103813
782:Archived
772:"SimMan"
750:Archived
673:Archived
611:Archived
460:See also
345:Abstract
157:manneken
94:clothing
1060:15 July
910:Taschen
853:1765785
777:Laerdal
399:serial
308:manikin
225:in the
208:plastic
171:History
151:Flemish
109:airways
98:fabrics
82:tailors
78:artists
72:) is a
58:manikin
1148:
1144:1992,
936:
916:
860:
850:
425:Bommai
411:Autons
300:Harvey
256:, and
139:French
39:Canada
536:
407:Earth
153:word
141:word
68:, or
62:dummy
1146:ISBN
1062:2023
1034:2015
1001:2015
968:2015
934:ISBN
914:ISBN
858:PMID
758:2019
679:and
511:1939
502:1902
369:and
347:and
206:and
74:doll
955:BBC
848:PMC
838:doi
317:In
298:or
264:.
221:by
117:CPR
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1024:.
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
