322:
199:. The scheme was a success and additional pumping stations to cope with the demand for power were added in 1899 and 1909. Modernisation started in the 1920s, when the original steam pumps were replaced by electric motors at two pumping stations. The greatest volume of water was supplied in the 1920s, although the length of the water mains continued to increase until 1948. Usage started to decrease in the 1930s, and the first pumping station closed in 1939. By the 1960s, there were serious concerns about the state of some of the equipment and corrosion in the high-pressure mains, and in 1968 the corporation announced its intent to switch the system off, which it did at the end of 1972.
47:
292:. The work was completed by 1924. The following year, the remaining pumps were retained, but their steam cylinders were removed, and the flywheels replaced by a helical gear drive, to connect the pumps to 220 hp (160 kW) electric motors. These were variable speed direct current devices, and a motor converter set had to be installed, to provide the low voltage DC supply from the incoming high voltage alternating current supply. The motor converter set was built in 1914, and was second-hand. The pumps at the Water Street station were converted to electrical operation in a similar manner soon afterwards.
305:
pumps were older still. The effects of corrosion on high-pressure water mains were also a cause for concern. In 1964, a similar system in
Glasgow, opened a year later than the Manchester system using water at 1,120 psi (77 bar) was switched off and some of its equipment was used to refit Whitworth Street station. The two centrifugal pumps and a converted steam pump were removed and replaced by two high-speed reciprocating pumps from Glasgow. Although not ideal for a diminishing network, because they were fixed speed devices, they provided a back-up system if there were problems at Water Street.
285:. It had two accumulators, and six steam engines. Coal for the engines was delivered by boat, and it began operating on 14 October 1909. Although all three pumping stations were situated beside waterways, its water supply was obtained from boreholes. The borehole at Whitworth Street was 613 feet (187 m) deep, and water at all three was raised by compressed air delivery systems, which lasted until 1948, when they were superseded by submersible pumps. By the 1930s, the system had grown to 35 miles (56 km) of pipes working some 2400 machines.
31:
54:
266:. Its working pressure was set at 1,120 pounds per square inch (77 bar), much higher than the 700 pounds per square inch (48 bar) of the London system, because it was expected that much of the power would be used for baling cotton, and the extra pressure was dictated by the design of existing baling equipment. Pressure was supplied by six
274:, with pistons of 18-inch (460 mm) diameter, a stroke of 23 feet (7.0 m), and loaded with 127 tonnes. The equipment was supplied by Ellington's company. Installation was completed by 1894, and by 1895 there were 12 miles (19 km) of hydraulic pipes under the city streets, providing power for 247 machines.
304:
became more popular, but although the number of customers dropped, the supply pipes were extended until the system reached its maximum length of 35.5 miles (57.1 km) in 1948. The Pott Street pumping station closed in 1939. By the 1960s, the motor converter set was 50 years old, and most of the
281:, close to the Rochdale Canal, and had four pumping engines and two accumulators. The number of engines was increased to seven, six of 210 hp (160 kW) and one of 350 hp (260 kW). A third pumping station was soon required and was constructed between Water Street and the
313:(9.1 Megalitres) of pressurised water per year, down from the 360 million gallons (1,600 Ml) supplied when the system was at its peak. The system was switched off on 28 December 1972, when the Chairman of the Waterworks Committee stopped the pumps at a ceremony.
344:. It was the first to be upgraded to electrical operation, but was little used after 1964, as it held equipment bought from Glasgow, which was only used as a backup. After the system closed, its contents were sold for scrap and the building was demolished.
257:
The corporation had the advantage over a private company in that it did not have to apply for permission to dig up the streets to install the network of high-pressure water mains. The pumping station was situated on
Whitworth Street West, between
308:
By 1968, the length of pressure main was reduced to 26 miles (42 km), and the
Waterworks Committee gave notice to all 120 customers that the system would be shut down in four years' time. By that time, the stations were supplying 2 million
187:
in Quay Street. A large number of the lifts and baling presses that used the system had hydraulic packings manufactured by John Talent and Co.Ltd. who had a factory at
Ashworth Street, just off the Bury New Rd. close to the Salford boundary.
347:
Pott Street station was in
Ancoats and opened in 1899. It was not electrified, and closed in 1939. Its site and the site at Pott Street have disappeared under the car park at the Central Retail Park in Ancoats.
414:
518:
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250:. With the technology tested, and Ellington's model of marketing hydraulic power as a public utility having proved successful, Manchester Corporation obtained an
163:
via a system of high-pressure water pipes from three pumping stations from 1894 until 1972. The system, which provided a cleaner and more compact alternative to
819:
175:
and a large number of cotton baling presses in warehouses as it was particularly useful for processes that required intermittent power. It was used to wind
383:. It is now referred to as the Bridge Street station, because the part of Water Street on which it stood has disappeared in the redevelopment of the area.
46:
363:. The station was electrified in 1925, and was the location for the closing ceremony at the end of 1972. After closure, it was used as a workshop by the
96:
238:
had installed hydraulic systems for single customers from the 1840s, the first installation of a public hydraulic power network became operational in
288:
Replacement of the steam engines began in 1922, starting at
Whitworth Street. Four pumping engines were removed and replaced by electrically driven
703:
379:, where it has been restored to working order and forms part of a display about hydraulic power. The pumps were made by the Manchester firm of
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An original steam-powered hydraulic pump, converted to electrical operation, on display at the Museum of
Science and Industry
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Demand was high, and a second pumping station commenced operation on 6 July 1899. It was constructed at Pott Street in
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The three hydraulic power stations were located at
Whitworth Street West, Pott Street and Water Street.
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had registered a patent for the distribution of high-pressure water via a ring main at the London
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Manchester
Corporation opened its first pumping station in 1894, following pioneering schemes in
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was responsible, and created the
General Hydraulic Power Company, from which developed the
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authorising it to build a network to distribute hydraulic power to the city in 1891.
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The Water Street pumping station now houses the People's History Museum
214:, while one of its pump sets has been restored and is displayed at the
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270:, rated at 200 hp (150 kW) each, and was maintained by two
30:
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The Whitworth Street station was opened in 1894 on the banks of the
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218:, where it is part of a larger display about hydraulic power.
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825:. Manchester Museum of Science and Industry. Archived from
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The Hydraulic Age: Public Power Supplies before Electricity
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Demand for hydraulic power began to fall in the 1930s, as
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877:"Former hydraulic power station, Water Street (1254724)"
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The third station at Water Street, on the banks of the
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636:"Pump Up The Volume - Manchester Hydraulic Heritage"
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complex. One of the pump sets has been moved to the
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style at Water Street has a new life as part of the
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930:from Subterranea Britannica including photographs.
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371:structure, and since 1994 has been part of the
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923:Museum of Science & Industry: Water Power
355:was completed in 1909, and was designed in
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61:Water Street pumping station in Manchester
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167:, was used to power workshop machinery,
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674:. Mechanical Engineering Publications.
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159:supplying energy across the city of
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560:In use 1909 to 1972. Now a museum.
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153:Manchester's Hydraulic Power system
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882:National Heritage List for England
14:
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1178:Subterranea of the United Kingdom
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634:Field, Corinne (16 August 2004).
621:Liverpool Hydraulic Power Company
409:Whitworth Street pumping station
442:Whitworth Street pumping station
183:and raise the safety curtain at
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45:
29:
1183:Utilities of the United Kingdom
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367:. In 1992, it was designated a
234:on 29 April 1812, and engineer
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616:London Hydraulic Power Company
377:Museum of Science and Industry
268:triple-expansion steam engines
248:London Hydraulic Power Company
216:Museum of Science and Industry
16:Public hydraulic power network
1:
690:
513:Water Street pumping station
340:, immediately to the west of
546:Water Street pumping station
461:Pott Street pumping station
7:
609:
599:GPX (secondary coordinates)
494:Pott Street pumping station
338:Oxford Road railway station
260:Oxford Road railway station
10:
1199:
820:"Power Hall Gallery Guide"
704:"Hydraulic Pumping Engine"
295:
221:
24:Manchester Hydraulic Power
1134:
1053:
1030:Hydrological optimization
1020:Groundwater flow equation
1002:
971:
928:Hydraulic power in London
594:GPX (primary coordinates)
569:Map all coordinates using
396:(Links to map resources)
206:pumping station built in
179:clock, pump the organ at
142:
127:
88:
77:
69:
40:
28:
23:
577:Download coordinates as:
336:, between the canal and
1025:Hazen–Williams equation
1015:Darcy–Weisbach equation
918:People's History Museum
706:. Science Museum Group.
373:People's History Museum
212:People's History Museum
157:hydraulic power network
73:Hydraulic power network
326:
272:hydraulic accumulators
185:Manchester Opera House
1045:Pipe network analysis
1010:Bernoulli's principle
994:Hydraulic engineering
589:GPX (all coordinates)
324:
651:McNeil, Ian (1972).
508:In use 1899 to 1939
456:In use 1894 to 1972
181:Manchester Cathedral
177:Manchester Town Hall
862:, pp. 126–128.
845:, pp. 124–126.
794:, pp. 123–124.
770:, pp. 122–123.
530: /
478: /
426: /
359:style by architect
244:Edward B. Ellington
108: /
832:on 2 October 2011.
535:53.4814°N 2.2534°W
483:53.4835°N 2.2256°W
431:53.4744°N 2.2431°W
342:St Mary's Hospital
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240:Kingston upon Hull
193:Kingston upon Hull
112:53.4814°N 2.2534°W
1160:
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1035:Open-channel flow
743:, pp. 98–99.
731:, pp. 61–62.
681:978-0-85298-447-5
662:978-0-582-12797-5
655:. Longman Group.
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290:centrifugal pumps
252:act of Parliament
236:William Armstrong
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232:Patent Office
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1121:Rescue tools
1086:Drive system
1054:Technologies
898:
886:. Retrieved
880:
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838:
827:the original
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736:
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698:
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652:
640:. Retrieved
638:. Culture 24
627:Bibliography
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365:City College
353:River Irwell
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283:River Irwell
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1066:Accumulator
989:Fluid power
780:McNeil 1972
741:McNeil 1972
729:McNeil 1972
717:McNeil 1972
538: /
486: /
434: /
400:OS Grid Ref
393:Coordinates
361:Henry Price
115: /
90:Coordinates
1173:Hydraulics
1167:Categories
1152:Manchester
979:Hydraulics
965:Hydraulics
903:Field 2004
691:References
544: (
522:53°28′53″N
492: (
470:53°29′01″N
440: (
418:53°28′28″N
161:Manchester
100:53°28′53″N
82:Manchester
1142:Liverpool
1061:Machinery
860:Pugh 1980
843:Pugh 1980
804:Pugh 1980
792:Pugh 1980
768:Pugh 1980
753:Pugh 1980
557:SJ832983
525:2°15′12″W
505:SJ851985
473:2°13′32″W
453:SJ839975
421:2°14′35″W
381:Galloways
242:in 1876.
103:2°15′12″W
84:, England
1091:Manifold
1081:Cylinder
1003:Modeling
972:Concepts
610:See also
262:and the
78:Location
1076:Circuit
357:Baroque
311:gallons
296:Decline
279:Ancoats
222:History
208:Baroque
133: (
1147:London
888:8 June
678:
659:
642:30 May
404:Notes
389:Point
226:While
197:London
173:cranes
143:Closed
128:Opened
1106:Press
1096:Motor
1071:Brake
830:(PDF)
823:(PDF)
169:lifts
1126:Seal
1111:Pump
890:2011
676:ISBN
657:ISBN
644:2011
202:The
195:and
146:1972
135:1894
131:1894
70:Type
1116:Ram
584:KML
1169::
879:.
875:.
850:^
811:^
760:^
171:,
1041:)
1037:(
957:e
950:t
943:v
905:.
892:.
684:.
665:.
646:.
548:)
496:)
444:)
137:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
