408:
670:
732:
621:
22:
4050:
542:, 2005) incorporates some of Skene's material on Manaw (and credits Skene for it), including an independent view of the historical record (reaching the same general conclusions as Skene), but also asserting conjectures as though they were facts (e.g., asserting that the "Iudeu" mentioned in the
335:
There is some scholarly disagreement as to the place meant, whether Manaw
Gododdin or the Isle of Man. Both are plausible and have some supporting evidence, but lacking hard information, the issue probably will not be settled definitively. Both those favouring the Isle and those favouring Manaw
71:
The lands both south and north of the Firth of Forth were known as 'Manaw', but from the post-Roman Era forward, only the southern side is referred to as Manaw
Gododdin, the Manaw associated with the people of Gododdin. Manaw Gododdin was adjacent to – and possibly included in –
235:
is besieged at "Iudeu" by Penda and his allies and offers up the wealth (i.e. the royal dignities) of that place, which had been recently captured by the
Northumbrians (the "Restoration of Iudeu", so-called), as well as that which he held "as far as Manaw". In
647:, was not planted with forts, suggesting (but not confirming) that the peoples of these regions had reached an amicable understanding with the Romans (such as an unequal alliance), and consequently these tribes or kingdoms continued to exist throughout the
523:, 1969) provides the same information as Skene, enhanced by his notice and commentary on some of the speculations and conjectures made by historians in the century since Skene published his work. He adds that the early
169:, and this has introduced ambiguity in literary and historical references where Manaw (or Manau) was used without further elaboration, as to whether the reference was to Manaw Gododdin or to the Isle of Man.
431:, Brythonic was replaced by Gaelic in the region of Manaw. It was common to retain original place-names, but to alter the pronunciation to be in accord with the language that was then current.
3056:
597:
In general, there is as much information about Manaw to be found in literary discussions as in historical ones and often more, though it is not more than Skene provided. For example,
3914:
64:
expanding southward and the
Northumbrians expanding northward, it was permanently destroyed in the 7th century and its territory absorbed into the then-ascendant
3811:
721:, the local Picts would ultimately push south to the Firth of Forth and beyond, and by the 7th century the Votadini were being squeezed between them and the
3353:
503:
With little known about Manaw
Gododdin, there is little that can be said of it with any authority. Aside from parenthetical references to it as
2761:
220:
arrived in
Gwynedd 146 years before Maelgwn's reign, coming from Manaw Gododdin, and expelled the Scots (i.e. the Gaels) with great slaughter.
3368:
3794:
2423:
336:
Gododdin say so and include a footnote to the effect that the balance seems to be on one side or the other, with accompanying arguments.
3051:
2514:
2017:
2899:
515:, 1868) has a chapter on "Manau Gododdin and the Picts", and later historians either repeat him or cite him, but do not add more.
2394:
1144:
3175:
2524:
2275:
3699:
2438:
2248:
2121:
1526:
1494:
786:
and the
Scottish firths. Bernicia was again united with Deira to form Northumbria as the premier military power of the era.
3909:
3450:
3078:
2813:
2345:
1746:
297:
1579:
2989:
2793:
2689:
2365:
2111:
3477:
2649:
3595:
3036:
2771:
2508:
2433:
2350:
2156:
2076:
1715:
1680:
1476:
1458:
1407:
1386:
1128:
428:
113:. The arrival in Wales of Cunedda of Manaw Gododdin in c. 450 is traditionally considered to be the beginning of the
3294:
3289:
2101:
2086:
2066:
3026:
3600:
3095:
2453:
2243:
2126:
694:(i.e. the Kingdom of the Votadini). Their lands were along the coast of south-eastern Scotland and north-eastern
368:
gives the year as 710, saying that "Beorhtfrith the ealdorman fought against the Picts between Haefe and Caere".
3816:
990:
216:
says that "the great king
Mailcun reigned among the Britons, i.e., in Gwynedd". He adds that Maelgwn's ancestor
3836:
3239:
2863:
2534:
2270:
2260:
1703:
1041:, 711: "Strages Pictorum in Campo Manonn apud Saxones, ubi Finnguine filius Deileroith immatura morte jacuit.".
573:
4021:
3274:
3269:
3219:
3105:
2609:
2559:
2481:
2096:
2010:
1000:, (1978 – 1980), vol. 110, Society of Antiquaries of Scotland (published 2002), pp. 305–327,
590:, 1991) mentions Manaw several times, but only in passing and with no information about it. Alistair Moffat (
407:
3929:
612:, 1918), repeats and cites the information provided by Skene that is typically omitted in historical works.
580:, 1998) mentions Manaw twice in passing, saying nothing about it there or in his references to the literary
3949:
3919:
3575:
3487:
2853:
2756:
2703:
2654:
2614:
2411:
2389:
2056:
3979:
3841:
3679:
3525:
3385:
3063:
2999:
2858:
2803:
2265:
2255:
2228:
2071:
3585:
3168:
2994:
2788:
2496:
2490:
2340:
2285:
2166:
1868:
632:
3996:
3675:
3629:
3520:
3445:
3214:
3073:
3068:
2750:
2418:
2233:
321:
3821:
3784:
3694:
3655:
3380:
3358:
3343:
3264:
3234:
3004:
2984:
2919:
2833:
2766:
2724:
2684:
2639:
2504:
2406:
2372:
2203:
2003:
1786:
1739:
3774:
427:, its etymology is uncertain, with neither form necessarily owing a heritage to the other. In the
3974:
3806:
3801:
3779:
3605:
3467:
3455:
3435:
3375:
3363:
2979:
2594:
2377:
2290:
2280:
2161:
2106:
1596:
1395:
738:
Neither
Gododdin nor Manaw Gododdin could have existed as a kingdom beyond the 7th century. The
3580:
3535:
3348:
3229:
2868:
2659:
2443:
2355:
2313:
2141:
1769:
763:
739:
659:
452:
355:
65:
1602:
The Life of St. Columba
Written by Adamnan, to which are added Copious Notes and Dissertations
1563:
837:
3984:
3899:
3831:
3789:
3751:
3719:
3540:
3316:
3161:
3041:
2956:
2928:
2904:
2744:
2669:
2604:
2384:
2335:
2188:
2176:
1550:
364:
2838:
4026:
3765:
3570:
3085:
3031:
3018:
2619:
2463:
2458:
2322:
2304:
2116:
2061:
1666:
1652:
1638:
705:
Ptolemy says that in 150 both the Damnonii and the Otadini possessed the land north of the
678:
508:
380:
376:
372:
293:
232:
176:, where both the northern Pictish Manaw and the southern Manaw Gododdin are referred to as
3284:
676:
The earliest reliable historical reference to the peoples of Northern Britain is from the
662:) were well-fortified. This includes the road through Manaw Gododdin, the northern end of
8:
4074:
4009:
3861:
3826:
3482:
3279:
3128:
3100:
2823:
2818:
2798:
2716:
2664:
2629:
2582:
2428:
2360:
2330:
2218:
2198:
2151:
2091:
2081:
2048:
2038:
1929:
1732:
791:
36:
654:
However, the Romans were frequently at war with the more northerly peoples now known as
83:
Though Manaw Gododdin was located within the territory of modern Scotland, as a part of
4004:
3871:
3736:
3728:
3660:
3615:
3430:
3304:
3244:
3046:
2909:
2776:
2549:
2544:
2486:
2399:
2223:
2146:
2131:
1969:
1446:
759:
516:
208:
651:. There is no indication that the Romans ever waged war against any of these peoples.
3939:
3934:
3891:
3590:
3497:
3472:
3417:
3399:
3224:
3137:
3090:
2885:
2848:
2843:
2828:
2808:
2634:
2539:
2529:
2238:
2213:
2208:
1959:
1924:
1873:
1711:
1676:
1535:
1522:
1503:
1490:
1472:
1454:
1403:
1382:
1360:
1124:
1001:
775:
714:
648:
598:
561:
399:(1886), and later historians have accepted his suggestion, citing him as the source.
43:
1774:
3959:
3954:
3709:
3642:
3610:
3558:
3440:
3425:
3408:
3338:
3333:
3249:
3206:
3196:
2941:
2936:
2873:
2739:
2599:
2500:
1689:
1416:
783:
488:
416:
316:
114:
1539:
1512:, vol. I (Second ed.), London: Longmans, Green, and Co. (published 1912)
3904:
3853:
3460:
3142:
2966:
2946:
2564:
2448:
1954:
1817:
1693:
1670:
1656:
1642:
1628:
1614:
1600:
1507:
1432:
1420:
1374:
1364:
751:
713:. The Picts were constantly pressing southward, and by the early 3rd century the
228:
669:
3944:
3741:
3704:
3689:
3684:
3326:
3321:
3259:
2951:
1964:
1878:
747:
743:
722:
706:
699:
628:
524:
440:
173:
162:
102:
32:
4068:
4014:
3746:
3670:
2970:
2734:
2674:
2643:
2519:
1949:
1904:
1005:
779:
1009:, for example, favouring the Isle on p. 320 with footnote 65 giving reasons.
4054:
4031:
3761:
3502:
2729:
2679:
2624:
2193:
1944:
1939:
795:
742:
was ascendant, and it would conquer all of Scotland south of the Firths of
731:
710:
686:
in c. AD 150. He says that this was the territory of the Otadini (i.e. the
568:, 1911) makes only a few comments about Manaw in passing, and John Davies (
98:
2892:
620:
325:
3969:
1919:
1883:
1822:
663:
594:, 2005) makes several passing references to Manaw Gododdin and Gododdin.
484:
444:
301:
158:
51:
1564:"The Annales Cambriae and Old Welsh Genealogies, from Harleian MS. 3859"
1025:, for example, favouring Manaw Gododdin, with footnote 4 giving reasons.
778:
in 655, ending the alliance and cementing Bernician control over all of
16:
Part of the Brythonic-speaking Kingdom of Gododdin in the post-Roman Era
3665:
3254:
2136:
1934:
1755:
1123:(Second ed.), London: Routledge (published 2000), pp. 85–86,
799:
631:
during the time when Manaw Gododdin existed is from the archaeology of
582:
85:
56:
947:
The Annales Cambriae and Old Welsh Genealogies, from Harleian MS. 3859
495:, the 'stone of Manann', referring to a monument stone located there.
109:) were self-perceived as a single people, collectively referred to as
3866:
3650:
3530:
3512:
2473:
1827:
1624:
1610:
553:
464:
448:
388:
304:. All of Cunedda's descendants claim a heritage from Manaw Gododdin.
245:
77:
1995:
1584:, LacusCurtius website at the University of Chicago (published 2008)
1570:, vol. IX, Honourable Society of Cymmrodorion, pp. 141–183
1557:, vol. VIII, Honourable Society of Cymmrodorion, pp. 83–92
1509:
A History of Wales from the Earliest Times to the Edwardian Conquest
1437:, vol. II (Second ed.), Oxford: W. Baxter (published 1854)
256:, which if reliable, would allow for a different interpretation, as
21:
2783:
2554:
2026:
1974:
1909:
1863:
1858:
1796:
1672:
Celtic Scotland: A History of Ancient Alban (History and Ethnology)
787:
771:
725:
691:
687:
644:
640:
636:
602:
547:
447:
the name survives in the name of Slamannan Moor and the village of
185:
184:). Certain forms of the Irish name for the Isle of Man produce the
39:
54:, and as the homeland of the heroic warriors in the literary epic
3153:
1984:
1914:
1899:
1661:, vol. II, Edinburgh: Edmonston and Douglas (published 1868)
1633:(3rd ed.), London: Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge
1575:
718:
695:
683:
504:
460:
285:
217:
213:
47:
1647:, vol. I, Edinburgh: Edmonston and Douglas (published 1868)
750:. The definitive years were the middle of the 7th century, when
387:(1868), noting that the Avon rises in the place still known as
3492:
2880:
1842:
1801:
755:
467:. It was formerly known as Dumanyn, assumed to be derived from
1544:, vol. XXVIII, London: Honourable Society of Cymmrodorion
979:, 582: "Bellum Manonn, in quo victor erat Aedan mac Gabhrain."
3184:
1979:
1832:
1791:
1780:
1724:
1708:
An Age of Tyrants: Britain and the Britons A.D. 400–600
1440:
767:
655:
480:
289:
261:
237:
196:). Either place can be inferred if the context is uncertain.
141:
94:
73:
61:
560:, 1904) both repeats and cites Skene, but adds nothing new.
1402:(First ed.), London: Penguin Group (published 1993),
1581:
Geographia, Book 2, Chapter 2: Albion island of Britannia
1379:
Trioedd Ynys Prydein: The Triads of the Island of Britain
1366:
Scottish Annals From English Chroniclers A.D. 500 to 1286
717:
ineffectively campaigned against them. Known then as the
601:, in his comprehensive discussion of works attributed to
284:
about Manaw Gododdin. However, as it was the homeland of
1710:, University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press,
1675:, vol. I (2nd ed.), Edinburgh: David Douglas,
395:, the Moor of Manann). He repeats the conjecture in his
227:
discussing the circumstances leading up to the death of
627:
The earliest reliable information on the region of the
31:
was the narrow coastal region on the south side of the
1119:
Kirby, D. P. (1990), "The northern Anglian hegemony",
1519:
Before Scotland: The Story of Scotland Before History
998:
Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland
300:, though it focuses mainly on the ancient royalty of
790:
soon re-established its independence, but all other
248:
are not all consistent on this point. There is also
658:, and their military lines of communication (i.e.
479:North of the Forth it survives in the name of the
1605:, Dublin: Irish Archaeological and Celtic Society
1145:"A Walk in the Past: History of the Mannan Stone"
459:, 'Mount Manann'. It also appears in the name of
4066:
1538:(1918), "Taliesin", in Evans, E. Vincent (ed.),
1166:
1164:
1162:
1083:
1081:
1079:
1282::172, 195, 106, 175, 248, 254, 299, 341, 343,
3169:
2011:
1740:
1159:
280:The royal genealogies provide no information
1534:
1324:
1076:
730:
668:
619:
328:, was victor in a "bellum Manonn" (English:
20:
3176:
3162:
2018:
2004:
1747:
1733:
1561:
1548:
1209:, Appendix 1: Gododdin and Manaw Gododdin.
957:
942:
498:
153:Background: confusion with the Isle of Man
1688:
1619:, vol. II, Oxford: Oxford University
1487:Celtic Culture: A Historical Encyclopedia
1453:, Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press,
911:
371:This is assumed to be between the Rivers
147:
1373:
1359:
1108:Scottish Annals From English Chroniclers
1103:
901:Scottish Annals from English Chroniclers
896:
817:
406:
296:. Some of these genealogies reappear in
1445:
1202:
1142:
811:
774:. Penda was defeated and killed at the
120:The name appears in literature as both
4067:
1702:
1651:
1637:
1595:
1574:
1516:
1471:, London: Routledge (published 1992),
1394:
1339:
1309:
1279:
1264:
1186:
1050:
1034:
1018:
988:
972:
758:, Cymry (both from the north and from
332:) in 582 (his opponent is not given).
3157:
2025:
1999:
1728:
1665:
1551:"Pedigrees from Jesus College MS. 20"
1502:
1466:
1430:
1415:
1294:
1248:
1118:
1066:
927:
880:
864:
848:
829:
2346:Keeper of the Great Seal of Scotland
1623:
1609:
1484:
1233:
1218:
1170:
1087:
1057:Vol. I, Manau Gododin and the Picts.
838:Note to Chapter VI, the Name "Cymry"
292:royal lines, he is prominent in the
962:Pedigrees from Jesus College MS. 20
698:, and included the lands along the
615:
93:), it is also an intrinsic part of
46:. It is notable as the homeland of
13:
3183:
507:'s homeland, discussion is scant.
288:and he was the progenitor of many
14:
4086:
2772:Scottish Qualifications Authority
2509:Office of the Accountant of Court
2434:Member of the Scottish Parliament
1549:Phillimore, Egerton, ed. (1887),
1143:Forsyth, Valerie (7 March 2018).
402:
4048:
3290:Laws in Wales Acts 1535 and 1542
1566:, in Phillimore, Egerton (ed.),
1346:2.2, Albion Island of Britannia.
728:, who were expanding northward.
76:, the region surrounding modern
1658:The Four Ancient Books of Wales
1644:The Four Ancient Books of Wales
1616:Celtic Folklore: Welsh and Manx
1521:, New York: Thames and Hudson,
1431:Giles, John Allen, ed. (1847),
1422:The Works of Gildas and Nennius
1333:
1318:
1303:
1288:
1273:
1258:
1251::116, 117, 118, 184, 323, 324,
1242:
1227:
1212:
1196:
1180:
1136:
1112:
1097:
1060:
1055:The Four Ancient Books of Wales
1044:
1028:
1012:
982:
966:
951:
690:), a people later known as the
513:The Four Ancient Books of Wales
385:The Four Ancient Books of Wales
1754:
1434:History of the Ancient Britons
1193:, Manau Gododdin and the Picts
936:
921:
905:
890:
874:
858:
842:
823:
702:, both north and south of it.
1:
3926:Non-Christian belief systems
1811:Minor kingdoms and subregions
1489:, ABL-CLIO (published 2006),
1381:, University Of Wales Press,
1352:
2122:Colonisation of the Americas
1562:Phillimore, Egerton (1888),
1177:Vol. II, Place-Name Stories.
805:
487:and the eponymous county of
463:, some 5 miles northwest of
172:A similar problem exists in
144:form is spelled with a 'w'.
7:
1578:(150), Thayer, Bill (ed.),
1485:Koch, John T., ed. (2005),
1427:— English translation
10:
4091:
4022:Prince of Wales's feathers
2794:Inventions and discoveries
2497:Supreme Courts of Scotland
1698:, London: Literary Society
1469:The Earliest English Kings
1447:Jackson, Kenneth Hurlstone
1299:The Earliest English Kings
1121:The Earliest English Kings
1094:, The Picts and the Scots.
588:The Earliest English Kings
362:, the field of Manaw. The
358:defeated the Picts at the
101:and the Men of the North (
4044:
3995:
3890:
3852:
3760:
3727:
3718:
3641:
3637:
3628:
3566:
3557:
3511:
3416:
3407:
3398:
3312:
3303:
3205:
3192:
3122:
3069:Scottish Episcopal Church
3017:
2965:
2927:
2918:
2751:Curriculum for Excellence
2715:
2711:
2702:
2590:
2581:
2472:
2321:
2312:
2303:
2184:
2175:
2047:
2034:
1892:
1851:
1810:
1762:
1517:Moffat, Alistair (2005),
572:, 1990) omits even that.
329:
90:
50:prior to his conquest of
3596:Housing and construction
2505:High Court of Justiciary
1695:Nennii Historia Britonum
916:Nennii Historia Britonum
3980:1904–1905 Welsh revival
3975:Welsh Methodist revival
3079:Free Church of Scotland
2366:International relations
1297::69, 86, 90, 100, 147,
499:Treatment by historians
491:. This is derived from
455:. This is derived from
383:first argues for it in
330:Battle or War at Manonn
223:In the chapters of the
115:history of modern Wales
2660:Royal Bank of Scotland
2356:Great Seal of Scotland
1704:Snyder, Christopher A.
989:Miller, Molly (1980),
794:kingdoms north of the
740:Kingdom of Northumbria
735:
673:
635:. The homeland of the
624:
412:
148:Sources of information
106:
66:Kingdom of Northumbria
25:
3985:Welsh Church Act 1914
3752:British Sign Language
2957:British Sign Language
2424:Members of Parliament
2351:Deputy First Minister
2189:Anglo-Scottish border
2157:Industrial Revolution
1667:Skene, William Forbes
1653:Skene, William Forbes
1639:Skene, William Forbes
1467:Kirby, D. P. (1991),
855:(English translation)
734:
715:Roman Emperor Severus
672:
623:
410:
365:Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
354:say that in 711, the
345:Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
254:esque in manum pendae
242:usque in manau pendae
97:history, as both the
24:
3541:British Armed Forces
3381:Wales–England border
2900:World Heritage Sites
2097:Wars of Independence
1425:, London: James Bohn
1369:, London: David Nutt
1073:, The Four Kingdoms.
887:, The Four Kingdoms.
853:The Works of Nennius
639:, like those of the
509:William Forbes Skene
419:form of the name is
381:William Forbes Skene
298:Jesus College MS. 20
294:Harleian genealogies
260:(4th declension) is
250:esque in manu pendae
233:Oswiu of Northumbria
3700:Scheduled monuments
3676:Literature in Welsh
3576:Banking and finance
3354:Mountains and hills
3280:Statute of Rhuddlan
2690:International trade
2244:Mountains and hills
2152:Highland Clearances
2127:Glorious Revolution
2092:Davidian Revolution
2039:Outline of Scotland
1930:Gwallog ap Llaennog
991:"Hiberni Reversuri"
754:led an alliance of
692:Kingdom of Gododdin
40:Kingdom of Gododdin
3867:Healthcare service
3488:Secretary of State
3270:Edwardian conquest
3260:Medieval Welsh law
3245:Kingdom of Gwynedd
3047:Church of Scotland
2839:Royal National Mòd
2777:Education Scotland
2550:Scots property law
2545:College of Justice
2454:Secretary of State
2276:Biosphere reserves
2147:Lowland Clearances
2132:1707 Acts of Union
1536:Morris-Jones, John
1504:Lloyd, John Edward
1400:A History of Wales
1361:Anderson, Alan Orr
1269:A History of Wales
1253:A History of Wales
1147:. Alloa Advertiser
932:Historia Brittonum
869:Historia Britonnum
736:
674:
625:
574:Christopher Snyder
544:Historia Brittonum
413:
225:Historia Brittonum
209:Historia Brittonum
201:Historia Brittonum
37:Brythonic-speaking
26:
4062:
4061:
4040:
4039:
3886:
3885:
3882:
3881:
3624:
3623:
3553:
3552:
3549:
3548:
3478:Political parties
3394:
3393:
3285:Glyndŵr rebellion
3240:Early Middle Ages
3151:
3150:
3118:
3117:
3114:
3113:
3106:Ethnic minorities
3064:Roman Catholicism
3013:
3012:
2698:
2697:
2577:
2576:
2573:
2572:
2560:Prison population
2540:Sheriff principal
2535:Solicitor General
2530:Procurator fiscal
2439:Political parties
2299:
2298:
2077:Early Middle Ages
1993:
1992:
1985:Gwrgi and Peredur
1925:Elffin ap Gwyddno
1690:Stevenson, Joseph
1528:978-0-500-28795-8
1496:978-1-85109-440-0
1417:Giles, John Allen
1325:Morris-Jones 1918
1284:An Age of Tyrants
776:Battle of Winwaed
709:and south of the
599:John Morris-Jones
578:An Age of Tyrants
562:John Edward Lloyd
527:form of the name
429:Early Middle Ages
322:Áedán mac Gabráin
314:According to the
276:Welsh genealogies
60:. Pressed by the
4082:
4055:Wales portal
4053:
4052:
4051:
3725:
3724:
3639:
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3564:
3563:
3531:Modern Welsh law
3446:Local government
3414:
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3405:
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3310:
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3275:Late Middle Ages
3250:Kingdom of Powys
3235:Anglo-Welsh Wars
3178:
3171:
3164:
3155:
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3131:
3052:General Assembly
2942:Scottish English
2937:Highland English
2925:
2924:
2814:Oldest buildings
2713:
2712:
2709:
2708:
2655:Renewable energy
2600:Bank of Scotland
2588:
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2501:Court of Session
2482:Advocate General
2412:Military history
2390:Local government
2319:
2318:
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2102:Late Middle Ages
2087:High Middle Ages
2020:
2013:
2006:
1997:
1996:
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1370:
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1039:Annals of Ulster
1032:
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1023:Ulster Chronicle
1016:
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1008:
995:
986:
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977:Ulster Chronicle
970:
964:
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934:
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894:
888:
878:
872:
862:
856:
846:
840:
834:History of Wales
827:
821:
815:
784:English Midlands
616:Regional history
570:History of Wales
566:History of Wales
489:Clackmannanshire
352:Annals of Ulster
341:Annals of Ulster
331:
317:Annals of Ulster
309:Annals of Ulster
92:
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3920:Presbyterianism
3878:
3848:
3780:Welsh Americans
3756:
3714:
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3606:Slate quarrying
3545:
3521:Counsel General
3507:
3390:
3359:Protected areas
3299:
3265:Norman invasion
3201:
3188:
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3147:
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2947:Scottish Gaelic
2914:
2819:Performing arts
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2565:Police Scotland
2468:
2449:Scotland Office
2295:
2256:Protected areas
2171:
2043:
2030:
2024:
1994:
1989:
1955:Owain mab Urien
1920:Saint Kentigern
1888:
1847:
1806:
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1597:Reeves, William
1587:
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1529:
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1314:Before Scotland
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1185:
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1175:Celtic Folklore
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1086:
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1071:Celtic Scotland
1065:
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1033:
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1017:
1013:
993:
987:
983:
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958:Phillimore 1887
956:
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943:Phillimore 1888
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885:Celtic Scotland
879:
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847:
843:
828:
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808:
752:Penda of Mercia
618:
592:Before Scotland
586:. D. P. Kirby (
517:Kenneth Jackson
501:
411:Stone of Mannan
405:
397:Celtic Scotland
229:Penda of Mercia
150:
17:
12:
11:
5:
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3601:Power stations
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3436:First Minister
3433:
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3364:National parks
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3197:List of topics
3193:
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3187: articles
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2650:Power stations
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2525:Lord President
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2343:
2341:First Minister
2338:
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2327:
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2300:
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2288:
2286:Municipalities
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2035:
2032:
2031:
2029: articles
2023:
2022:
2015:
2008:
2000:
1991:
1990:
1988:
1987:
1982:
1977:
1972:
1967:
1965:Rhydderch Hael
1962:
1957:
1952:
1947:
1942:
1937:
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1879:Dumbarton Rock
1876:
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1838:Manaw Gododdin
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1763:Major kingdoms
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1630:Celtic Britain
1621:
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1495:
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1238:Celtic Britain
1226:
1223:Celtic Culture
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1135:
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1111:
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1092:Celtic Britain
1075:
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1027:
1011:
981:
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950:
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912:Stevenson 1838
904:
889:
873:
857:
841:
822:
809:
807:
804:
707:Firth of Forth
700:Firth of Forth
629:Firth of Forth
617:
614:
558:Celtic Britain
540:Celtic Culture
500:
497:
441:Firth of Forth
435:Manaw Gododdin
404:
403:Name survivals
401:
270:into the hand
240:the phrase is
149:
146:
107:Gwŷr y Gogledd
44:post-Roman Era
35:, part of the
33:Firth of Forth
29:Manaw Gododdin
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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4020:
4016:
4015:national flag
4013:
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3998:
3994:
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3778:
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3753:
3750:
3748:
3747:Welsh English
3745:
3743:
3740:
3738:
3735:
3734:
3732:
3730:
3726:
3723:
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3717:
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3671:Gorsedd Cymru
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3483:Republicanism
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3102:
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3089:
3087:
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3074:Baptist Union
3072:
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2874:national flag
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2800:
2797:
2795:
2792:
2790:
2787:
2785:
2782:
2778:
2775:
2773:
2770:
2768:
2765:
2763:
2760:
2758:
2755:
2753:
2752:
2748:
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2728:
2726:
2723:
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2714:
2710:
2707:
2705:
2701:
2691:
2688:
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2681:
2678:
2676:
2673:
2671:
2668:
2666:
2663:
2661:
2658:
2656:
2653:
2651:
2648:
2645:
2644:North Sea oil
2641:
2638:
2636:
2633:
2631:
2628:
2626:
2623:
2621:
2618:
2616:
2613:
2611:
2608:
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2601:
2598:
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2580:
2566:
2563:
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2548:
2546:
2543:
2541:
2538:
2536:
2533:
2531:
2528:
2526:
2523:
2521:
2520:Lord Advocate
2518:
2516:
2513:
2510:
2506:
2502:
2498:
2495:
2492:
2488:
2485:
2483:
2480:
2479:
2477:
2475:
2471:
2465:
2462:
2460:
2457:
2455:
2452:
2450:
2447:
2445:
2444:Republicanism
2442:
2440:
2437:
2435:
2432:
2430:
2427:
2425:
2422:
2420:
2417:
2413:
2410:
2409:
2408:
2405:
2401:
2398:
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2379:
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2334:
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2329:
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2324:
2320:
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2292:
2289:
2287:
2284:
2282:
2279:
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2274:
2272:
2269:
2267:
2264:
2262:
2259:
2257:
2254:
2250:
2247:
2246:
2245:
2242:
2240:
2237:
2235:
2232:
2230:
2227:
2225:
2222:
2220:
2217:
2215:
2212:
2210:
2207:
2205:
2202:
2200:
2197:
2195:
2192:
2190:
2187:
2186:
2183:
2180:
2178:
2174:
2168:
2165:
2163:
2160:
2158:
2155:
2153:
2150:
2148:
2145:
2143:
2142:Enlightenment
2140:
2138:
2135:
2133:
2130:
2128:
2125:
2123:
2120:
2118:
2115:
2113:
2110:
2108:
2105:
2103:
2100:
2098:
2095:
2093:
2090:
2088:
2085:
2083:
2080:
2078:
2075:
2073:
2070:
2068:
2065:
2063:
2060:
2058:
2055:
2054:
2052:
2050:
2046:
2040:
2037:
2036:
2033:
2028:
2021:
2016:
2014:
2009:
2007:
2002:
2001:
1998:
1986:
1983:
1981:
1978:
1976:
1973:
1971:
1968:
1966:
1963:
1961:
1958:
1956:
1953:
1951:
1950:Myrddin Wyllt
1948:
1946:
1943:
1941:
1938:
1936:
1933:
1931:
1928:
1926:
1923:
1921:
1918:
1916:
1913:
1911:
1908:
1906:
1905:Clydno Eiddin
1903:
1901:
1898:
1897:
1895:
1891:
1885:
1882:
1880:
1877:
1875:
1874:Coed Celyddon
1872:
1870:
1867:
1865:
1862:
1860:
1857:
1856:
1854:
1850:
1844:
1841:
1839:
1836:
1834:
1831:
1829:
1826:
1824:
1821:
1819:
1816:
1815:
1813:
1809:
1803:
1800:
1798:
1795:
1793:
1790:
1788:
1785:
1782:
1779:
1776:
1773:
1771:
1768:
1767:
1765:
1761:
1757:
1750:
1745:
1743:
1738:
1736:
1731:
1730:
1727:
1719:
1717:0-271-01780-5
1713:
1709:
1705:
1701:
1697:
1696:
1691:
1687:
1684:
1682:9780836949766
1678:
1674:
1673:
1668:
1664:
1660:
1659:
1654:
1650:
1646:
1645:
1640:
1636:
1632:
1631:
1626:
1622:
1618:
1617:
1612:
1608:
1604:
1603:
1598:
1594:
1583:
1582:
1577:
1573:
1569:
1565:
1560:
1556:
1552:
1547:
1543:
1542:
1537:
1533:
1530:
1524:
1520:
1515:
1511:
1510:
1505:
1501:
1498:
1492:
1488:
1483:
1480:
1478:0-415-09086-5
1474:
1470:
1465:
1462:
1460:0-85224-353-7
1456:
1452:
1448:
1444:
1442:
1436:
1435:
1429:
1424:
1423:
1418:
1414:
1411:
1409:0-7139-9098-8
1405:
1401:
1397:
1393:
1390:
1388:0-7083-1386-8
1384:
1380:
1376:
1372:
1368:
1367:
1362:
1358:
1357:
1345:
1341:
1336:
1330:
1326:
1321:
1315:
1311:
1306:
1300:
1296:
1291:
1285:
1281:
1276:
1270:
1266:
1261:
1254:
1250:
1245:
1239:
1235:
1230:
1224:
1220:
1215:
1208:
1204:
1199:
1192:
1188:
1183:
1176:
1172:
1167:
1165:
1163:
1146:
1139:
1132:
1130:0-415-24211-8
1126:
1122:
1115:
1109:
1105:
1104:Anderson 1908
1100:
1093:
1089:
1084:
1082:
1080:
1072:
1068:
1063:
1056:
1052:
1047:
1040:
1036:
1031:
1024:
1020:
1015:
1007:
1003:
999:
992:
985:
978:
974:
969:
963:
959:
954:
948:
944:
939:
933:
929:
924:
917:
913:
908:
902:
898:
897:Anderson 1908
893:
886:
882:
877:
870:
866:
861:
854:
850:
845:
839:
835:
831:
826:
819:
818:Bromwich 2006
814:
810:
803:
801:
797:
793:
789:
785:
781:
777:
773:
769:
765:
764:East Anglians
761:
757:
753:
749:
745:
741:
733:
729:
727:
724:
720:
716:
712:
708:
703:
701:
697:
693:
689:
685:
681:
680:
671:
667:
665:
661:
657:
652:
650:
646:
642:
638:
634:
633:Roman Britain
630:
622:
613:
611:
608:
604:
600:
595:
593:
589:
585:
584:
579:
575:
571:
567:
563:
559:
555:
551:
549:
545:
541:
536:
534:
530:
526:
522:
518:
514:
510:
506:
496:
494:
490:
486:
482:
477:
476:
475:Pictish Manaw
472:
470:
466:
462:
458:
457:Sliabh Manann
454:
450:
446:
442:
439:South of the
437:
436:
432:
430:
426:
422:
418:
409:
400:
398:
394:
390:
386:
382:
378:
374:
369:
367:
366:
361:
360:campus Manann
357:
356:Northumbrians
353:
348:
347:
346:
342:
337:
333:
327:
323:
319:
318:
312:
311:
310:
305:
303:
299:
295:
291:
287:
283:
278:
277:
273:
271:
267:
263:
259:
255:
251:
247:
243:
239:
234:
230:
226:
221:
219:
215:
211:
210:
204:
203:
202:
197:
195:
191:
187:
183:
179:
175:
170:
168:
164:
160:
155:
154:
145:
143:
140:. The modern
139:
137:
136:
129:
127:
126:
118:
116:
112:
108:
104:
100:
96:
91:The Old North
88:
87:
86:Yr Hen Ogledd
81:
79:
75:
69:
67:
63:
59:
58:
53:
49:
45:
41:
38:
34:
30:
23:
19:
4046:
4032:Welsh Dragon
3900:Christianity
3720:Demographics
3678: /
3503:Wales Office
3468:Local rulers
3317:Biodiversity
3220:Bibliography
3037:Christianity
3027:Baháʼí Faith
2920:Demographics
2864:coat of arms
2834:Prostitution
2767:Universities
2749:
2725:Architecture
2685:Unemployment
2680:Silicon Glen
2640:Oil industry
2625:Harris Tweed
2515:Crown Office
2407:Armed forces
2385:Independence
2373:Human rights
2204:Conservation
2194:Central Belt
2112:Early modern
1945:Morcant Bulc
1940:Llywarch Hen
1884:Ynys Metcaud
1852:Other places
1837:
1707:
1694:
1671:
1657:
1643:
1629:
1615:
1601:
1586:, retrieved
1580:
1567:
1554:
1540:
1518:
1508:
1486:
1468:
1451:The Gododdin
1450:
1433:
1421:
1399:
1396:Davies, John
1378:
1365:
1343:
1335:
1328:
1320:
1313:
1305:
1298:
1290:
1283:
1275:
1268:
1260:
1252:
1244:
1237:
1229:
1222:
1214:
1207:The Gododdin
1206:
1203:Jackson 1969
1198:
1190:
1182:
1174:
1149:. Retrieved
1138:
1120:
1114:
1107:
1099:
1091:
1070:
1062:
1054:
1046:
1038:
1030:
1022:
1014:
997:
984:
976:
968:
961:
953:
946:
938:
931:
923:
915:
907:
900:
892:
884:
876:
868:
860:
852:
844:
833:
825:
813:
782:between the
737:
711:Firth of Tay
704:
677:
675:
653:
626:
609:
606:
596:
591:
587:
581:
577:
569:
565:
557:
552:
543:
539:
537:
532:
528:
521:The Gododdin
520:
512:
502:
493:Clach Manann
492:
478:
474:
473:
468:
456:
438:
434:
433:
424:
420:
414:
396:
393:Sliabhmannan
392:
384:
375:(Haefe) and
370:
363:
359:
351:
349:
344:
340:
339:
338:
334:
315:
313:
308:
307:
306:
281:
279:
275:
274:
269:
265:
257:
253:
249:
241:
224:
222:
207:
205:
200:
199:
198:
193:
189:
181:
177:
171:
166:
161:is known in
156:
152:
151:
134:
133:
131:
124:
123:
121:
119:
110:
84:
82:
70:
55:
28:
27:
18:
4027:Royal Badge
3970:Saint David
3910:Catholicism
3905:Anglicanism
3581:Coal mining
3571:Agriculture
3473:Nationalism
2595:Agriculture
2459:Nationalism
2378:LGBT rights
2281:Environment
2162:Romanticism
2117:Reformation
2107:Renaissance
2072:Middle Ages
2067:Roman times
2062:Prehistoric
1823:Calchfynydd
1568:Y Cymmrodor
1555:Y Cymmrodor
1541:Y Cymmrodor
1439:— in
1340:Ptolemy 150
1310:Moffat 2005
1280:Snyder 1998
1265:Davies 1990
1187:Skene 1868a
1051:Skene 1868a
1035:Reeves 1857
1019:Reeves 1857
973:Reeves 1857
802:were gone.
664:Dere Street
660:their roads
607:Y Cymmrodor
538:John Koch (
485:Clackmannan
445:River Forth
391:Moor (i.e.
302:South Wales
159:Isle of Man
52:North Wales
4075:Hen Ogledd
3862:Healthcare
3822:Scientists
3785:Architects
3680:in English
3666:Eisteddfod
3441:Government
3426:Devolution
3409:Government
3386:Waterfalls
3255:Deheubarth
3225:Prehistory
3057:Moderators
3000:Scientists
2886:regimental
2829:Placenames
2824:Philosophy
2799:Literature
2429:Parliament
2361:Government
2331:Devolution
2314:Government
2271:Ecoregions
2261:Waterfalls
2137:Jacobitism
1935:Gwenddolau
1783:(possible)
1777:(possible)
1756:Hen Ogledd
1625:Rhys, John
1611:Rhys, John
1353:References
1344:Geographia
1295:Kirby 1991
1249:Lloyd 1911
1067:Skene 1886
945::141–183,
928:Giles 1847
883::254–255,
881:Skene 1886
871:(in Latin)
865:Giles 1847
849:Giles 1841
832::191–192,
830:Lloyd 1911
726:Bernicians
583:Y Gododdin
469:Dun Manann
324:, king of
246:recensions
167:Ynys Manaw
89:(English:
57:Y Gododdin
3915:Mormonism
3807:Musicians
3802:Inventors
3737:Languages
3729:Languages
3661:Education
3616:Transport
3586:Companies
3431:Elections
3305:Geography
3230:Roman Era
3042:Christmas
2995:Musicians
2990:Inventors
2929:Languages
2905:Festivals
2745:Education
2670:Transport
2610:Companies
2605:Charities
2336:Elections
2224:Highlands
2177:Geography
1970:Talhaearn
1859:Arfderydd
1828:Dunutinga
1655:(1868b),
1641:(1868a),
1234:Rhys 1904
1219:Koch 2005
1171:Rhys 1901
1088:Rhys 1904
1006:0081-1564
918:, Ch. 65.
806:Citations
792:Brythonic
679:Geography
649:Roman Era
554:John Rhys
465:Edinburgh
449:Slamannan
389:Slamannan
379:(Caere).
326:Dál Riata
78:Edinburgh
4069:Category
3966:History
3940:Hinduism
3935:Buddhism
3892:Religion
3837:in Welsh
3591:Forestry
3498:Unionism
3418:Politics
3400:Politics
3295:Colonies
3215:Timeline
3138:Category
3086:Hinduism
3032:Buddhism
3019:Religion
2849:Surnames
2789:Identity
2784:Hogmanay
2762:Colleges
2620:Forestry
2555:Udal law
2464:Unionism
2419:Monarchs
2323:Politics
2305:Politics
2239:Lowlands
2057:Timeline
2027:Scotland
1975:Taliesin
1910:Coel Hen
1869:Catraeth
1864:Carlisle
1797:Gododdin
1775:Bryneich
1770:Alt Clut
1706:(1998),
1692:(1838),
1669:(1886),
1627:(1904),
1613:(1901),
1599:(1857),
1588:26 April
1506:(1911),
1449:(1969),
1398:(1990),
1377:(2006),
1363:(1908),
1329:Taliesin
1236::77–96,
1205::69–74,
1189::77–96,
960::83–92,
836:Vol I.,
820::113–114
788:Alt Clut
772:Bernicia
770:against
756:Mercians
688:Votadini
645:Novantae
641:Damnonii
637:Votadini
603:Taliesin
548:Stirling
533:Fortudán
529:Gododdin
231:in 655,
186:genitive
138:Gododdin
128:Gododdin
3997:Symbols
3960:Sikhism
3955:Druidry
3950:Judaism
3930:Bahá'ís
3832:Writers
3817:Royalty
3790:Artists
3710:Theatre
3695:Museums
3656:Castles
3643:Culture
3630:Society
3611:Tourism
3559:Economy
3451:History
3344:Islands
3339:Geology
3334:Climate
3207:History
3129:Outline
3101:Sikhism
3096:Judaism
3005:Writers
2985:Artists
2893:unicorn
2854:Symbols
2804:Museums
2757:Schools
2740:Cuisine
2717:Culture
2704:Society
2665:Tourism
2630:Housing
2615:Fishing
2583:Economy
2395:History
2249:Highest
2229:Islands
2219:Geology
2199:Climate
2082:Kingdom
2049:History
1915:Cunedda
1900:Aneirin
1576:Ptolemy
1151:4 April
780:Britain
768:Deirans
760:Gwynedd
723:Anglian
719:Maeatae
696:England
684:Ptolemy
546:was at
505:Cunedda
461:Dalmeny
453:Falkirk
423:. Like
286:Cunedda
268:(as in
218:Cunedda
214:Nennius
206:In the
48:Cunedda
42:in the
4005:Anthem
3872:Boards
3854:Health
3775:Actors
3762:People
3705:Sports
3526:Courts
3493:Senedd
3461:Mayors
3456:Cities
3376:Rivers
3143:Portal
2980:Actors
2967:People
2910:Comedy
2881:tartan
2859:anthem
2675:Whisky
2487:Courts
2400:Cities
2167:Modern
1893:People
1843:Novant
1802:Rheged
1787:Ebrauc
1714:
1679:
1525:
1493:
1475:
1457:
1406:
1385:
1255:Vol. I
1173::550,
1127:
1090::155,
1069::270,
1037::380,
1021::371,
1004:
975::371,
930::342,
867::341,
796:Solway
766:, and
610:XXVIII
421:Manann
417:Gaelic
377:Carron
282:per se
244:. The
194:Manonn
190:Manann
182:Manonn
178:Manann
4010:Flags
3945:Islam
3842:Women
3827:Women
3812:Poets
3795:Women
3742:Welsh
3690:Music
3685:Media
3369:AONBs
3349:Lakes
3327:Flora
3322:Fauna
3185:Wales
3091:Islam
2952:Scots
2869:flags
2844:Sport
2809:Music
2735:Clans
2635:Media
2291:Munro
2266:Glens
2234:Lochs
2214:Flora
2209:Fauna
1980:Urien
1833:Eidyn
1818:Aeron
1792:Elmet
1781:Deifr
1441:Latin
1106::50,
1053::91,
994:(PDF)
914::54,
899::24,
851::34,
748:Forth
744:Clyde
656:Picts
525:Irish
481:burgh
451:, in
425:Manaw
290:Welsh
262:Latin
258:manus
238:Latin
188:name
174:Irish
163:Welsh
142:Welsh
111:Cymry
103:Welsh
99:Welsh
95:Welsh
74:Eidyn
62:Picts
3766:list
2971:list
2491:List
1960:Pabo
1712:ISBN
1677:ISBN
1590:2008
1523:ISBN
1491:ISBN
1473:ISBN
1455:ISBN
1404:ISBN
1383:ISBN
1153:2018
1125:ISBN
1002:ISSN
800:Tyne
798:and
746:and
643:and
443:and
415:The
373:Avon
350:The
266:hand
264:for
252:and
192:(or
180:(or
157:The
132:Mana
130:and
122:Mana
3651:Art
3513:Law
2730:Art
2474:Law
762:),
682:of
550:).
531:is
483:of
272:).
165:as
4071::
2507:,
2503:,
1553:,
1342:,
1327:,
1312:,
1267:,
1221:,
1161:^
1078:^
996:,
666:.
535:.
471:.
343:,
320:,
212:,
117:.
105::
80:.
68:.
3768:)
3764:(
3177:e
3170:t
3163:v
2973:)
2969:(
2646:)
2642:(
2511:)
2499:(
2493:)
2489:(
2019:e
2012:t
2005:v
1748:e
1741:t
1734:v
1155:.
605:(
576:(
564:(
556:(
519:(
511:(
135:u
125:w
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