143:
618:. The military resistance and eventual defeat of most of the coastal communities assured their subordinate position vis-Ă -vis the Merina-Betsileo alliance. During the 19th and 20th centuries, the French colonial administration capitalized on and further exacerbated these political inequities by appropriating existing Merina governmental infrastructure to run their colony. This legacy of political inequity dogged the people of Madagascar after gaining independence in 1960; candidates' ethnic and regional identities have often served to help or hinder their success in democratic elections.
370:
484:
359:
384:
1179:
Fanony, Fulgence; Lejamble, Sendra; Thomas, Olivier; Mohamed
Abdallah, Ahmed; Rocher, Christophe; Arachiche, Amal; Tonaso, Laure; Pereda-loth, Veronica; Schiavinato, Stéphanie; Brucato, Nicolas; Ricaut, Francois-Xavier; Kusuma, Pradiptajati; Sudoyo, Herawati; Ni, Shengyu; Boland, Anne; Deleuze, Jean-Francois; Beaujard, Philippe; Grange, Philippe; Adelaar, Sander; Stoneking, Mark; Rakotoarisoa, Jean-Aimé; Radimilahy, Chantal; Letellier, Thierry (2017).
36:
149:
495:
636:. The number of such ethnic groups in Madagascar has been debated. The practices that distinguished many of these groups are less prevalent in the 21st century than they were in the past. But, many Malagasy are proud to proclaim their association with one or several of these groups as part of their own cultural identity.
470:
The Merina are further divided into two subgroups. The “Merina A” are the Hova and
Andriana, and have an average of 30–40% Bantu ancestry. The second subgroup is the “Merina B”, the Andevo, who have an average of 40–50% Bantu ancestry. The latter make up less than 1/3 of Merina society. The Malagasy
560:
Based on this result, a study suggested that
Madagascar was settled approximately 1,200 years ago by a very small group, which consisted of approximately 30 women; 28 (93%) of them had maritime Southeast Asian descent and 2 (7%) of them were of African descent. The Malagasy population developed
1178:
Pierron, Denis; Heiske, Margit; Razafindrazaka, Harilanto; Rakoto, Ignace; Rabetokotany, Nelly; Ravololomanga, Bodo; Rakotozafy, Lucien M.-A.; Rakotomalala, Mireille Mialy; Razafiarivony, Michel; Rasoarifetra, Bako; Raharijesy, Miakabola
Andriamampianina; Razafindralambo, Lolona; Ramilisonina;
505:
An island-wide survey of the genetic diversity was performed from 2008 to 2018. This project was called "MAGE" (for
Madagascar, Anthropology Genetics Ethno-linguistic). Around 3000 inhabitants of Madagascar participated in this study and provided their saliva for a genetic study. Three hundred
621:
Within these two broad ethnic and political groupings, the
Malagasy were historically subdivided into specifically named ethnic groups, who were primarily distinguished from one another on the basis of cultural practices. These were namely agricultural, hunting, or fishing practices;
803:
The
Malagasy diaspora in the United States includes those descended from people who, slave or free, came during the 18th and 19th centuries. Other Americans of Malagasy ancestry are recent immigrants from Madagascar. Some notable Americans who have Malagasy ancestry include
506:
villages across
Madagascar were sampled in terms of genetic, linguistic and cultural diversity. This research was led and performed by Malagasy and European researchers and academics. This study demonstrated that all Malagasy people have mixed African and Asian ancestry.
993:
Pierron, Denis; Heiske, Margit; Razafindrazaka, Harilanto; Rakoto, Ignace; Rabetokotany, Nelly; Ravololomanga, Bodo; Rakotozafy, Lucien M.-A.; Rakotomalala, Mireille Mialy; Razafiarivony, Michel; Rasoarifetra, Bako; Raharijesy, Miakabola
Andriamampianina (2017-08-08).
597:
The difference in origins remains somewhat evident between the highland and coastal regions . In addition to the distinction in term of ancestral proportion between highland and coastal
Malagasy, one may speak of a political distinction as well.
1061:
Pierron, Denis; Razafindrazaka, Harilanto; Pagani, Luca; Ricaut, François-Xavier; Antao, Tiago; Capredon, Mélanie; Sambo, Clément; Radimilahy, Chantal; Rakotoarisoa, Jean-Aimé; Blench, Roger M.; Letellier, Thierry (2014-01-21).
552:
B4a1a1a). A more recent study identified two additional mutations (1473 and 3423A) found in all Polynesian motif carriers of Madagascar, hence was named the Malagasy motif. The frequency varied among three ethnic groups: 50% in
537:
varies from 45% in Antalaotra, 16% in the Ampanabaka, 5% Anteony. In contrast, African male haplogroup such as E1b1a1 constituted 76% of the Ampanabaka genetic diversity, but only 7% in the Antalaotra and 12% in the Anteony.
1412:
Brucato, Nicolas; Kusuma, Pradiptajati; Cox, Murray P.; Pierron, Denis; Purnomo, Gludhug A.; Adelaar, Alexander; Kivisild, Toomas; Letellier, Thierry; Sudoyo, Herawati; Ricaut, François-Xavier (2016).
424:. Traditionally, the population have been divided into ethnic groups. Examples include "Highlander" (ethnically mixed ancestry but more Austronesian and slightly less Bantu) groups such as the
521:, etc. have approximately 70% African ancestry and 30% Asian ancestry, while highlander tribes tend to have lower African ancestry at around 45%. In a recent island-wide survey the male-only
1353:
Kusuma, Pradiptajati; Brucato, Nicolas; Cox, Murray P.; Pierron, Denis; Razafindrazaka, Harilanto; Adelaar, Alexander; Sudoyo, Herawati; Letellier, Thierry; Ricaut, François-Xavier (2016).
561:
through the intermixing of the first small founding population with African males. The closest Asian parental population of the Malagasy are found in what is now Indonesia, among the
541:
Due to the proximity to Africa, the connection with Asian populations aroused the most curiosity. Around 1996, a study was launched in an attempt to identify the presence of the
1238:
Heiske, Margit; Alva, Omar; Pereda-Loth, Veronica; Van Schalkwyk, Matthew; Radimilahy, Chantal; Letellier, Thierry; Rakotarisoa, Jean-Aimé; Pierron, Denis (2021-01-22).
1624:
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of African origin are more common than those of East Asian origin, but it varies depending on the study (70.7 vs. 20.7 or 51% vs 34%). However the
1506:
606:
people under their administration first. They later extended Merina control over the majority of the coastal areas. The neighbouring island of
471:
population was 2,242,000 in the first census in 1900. Their population had a massive growth in the next hundred years, especially under
1617:
1795:
965:
1579:
1468:
100:
1518:
72:
1833:
1610:
529:
lineages, passed down from mother to child, are the opposite (42.4% African origin vs. 50.1% East Asian origin). Male-only
1131:"On the Origins and Admixture of Malagasy: New Evidence from High-Resolution Analyses of Paternal and Maternal Lineages"
79:
1064:"Genome-wide evidence of Austronesian–Bantu admixture and cultural reversion in a hunter-gatherer group of Madagascar"
1596:
119:
53:
611:
86:
1633:
793:
1588:
57:
1240:"Genetic evidence and historical theories of the Asian and African origins of the present Malagasy population"
1838:
347:
142:
68:
1785:
1304:
Cox, Murray P.; Nelson, Michael G.; Tumonggor, Meryanne K.; Ricaut, François-X.; Sudoyo, Herawati (2012).
630:; hair and clothing styles; and local customs or taboos, the latter was known in the Malagasy language as
1790:
1479:
623:
602:
in the late 18th and early 19th century, united the Merina principalities and brought the neighbouring
270:
24:
1129:
Tofanelli, S.; Bertoncini, S.; Castri, L.; Luiselli, D.; Calafell, F.; Donati, G.; Paoli, G. (2009).
912:
599:
322:
1828:
849:
46:
542:
93:
1780:
897:
447:, and the "coastal dwellers" (predominantly Bantu with less Austronesian traits) such as the
1699:
1414:"Malagasy Genetic Ancestry Comes from an Historical Malay Trading Post in Southeast Borneo"
1366:
1192:
1075:
1007:
902:
841:
715:
578:
509:
But the proportion of ancestral genes differs. Coastal Malagasy populations, including the
460:
409:
293:
8:
869:
845:
837:
627:
278:
1370:
1355:"Contrasting Linguistic and Genetic Origins of the Asian Source Populations of Malagasy"
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307:
274:
1592:
1584:
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1433:
1394:
1335:
1269:
1261:
1220:
1152:
1111:
1093:
1043:
1025:
947:
917:
892:
825:
817:
574:
472:
389:
244:
20:
1164:
1749:
1659:
1441:
1425:
1384:
1374:
1325:
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1200:
1142:
1101:
1083:
1033:
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876:
809:
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483:
332:
358:
1734:
1694:
1679:
1654:
821:
740:
704:
653:
401:
327:
257:
253:
948:"Genomic investigation of the ancestry proportion of six Malagasy ethnic groups"
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248:
212:
19:
This article is about the ethnic groups of Madagascar. For their language, see
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1256:
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1556:“Finding Your Roots”: Maya Rudolph, Shonda Rhimes and Keenan Ivory Wayans
1531:“Finding Your Roots”: Maya Rudolph, Shonda Rhimes and Keenan Ivory Wayans
865:
755:
710:
699:
452:
232:
966:"Madagascar, illustration inédite de la mondialisation génétique | INEE"
1759:
1704:
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880:
805:
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658:
421:
188:
1580:
Contest for Land in Madagascar: Environment, Ancestors and Development
1544:
Finding Your Roots, Season 2: The Official Companion to the PBS Series
1379:
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200:
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549:
342:
224:
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35:
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1709:
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by Wendy Wilson-Fall, 2015, Ohio University Press—Malagasy diaspora
1306:"A small cohort of Island Southeast Asian women founded Madagascar"
861:
725:
648:
615:
603:
498:
464:
448:
429:
337:
1237:
148:
1809:
1177:
1128:
1060:
992:
781:
773:
577:
can be traced by the many shared words of basic vocabulary with
437:
196:
192:
533:
of East/Southeast Asian paternal frequencies such as Haplogroup
1744:
922:
785:
769:
745:
607:
586:
570:
554:
534:
487:
425:
228:
208:
161:
494:
1714:
1689:
730:
546:
526:
518:
514:
456:
478:
1572:
Memories of Madagascar and Slavery in the Black Atlantic
1303:
1181:"Genomic landscape of human diversity across Madagascar"
996:"Genomic landscape of human diversity across Madagascar"
1411:
1352:
1310:
Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences
768:
Countries with a significant Malagasy diaspora include
610:
was also ruled by a Muslim Merina dynasty founded by
1577:
Sandra Evers, Gwyn Campbell, Michael Lambek (2013).
1558:, Familytreemagazine.com, Accessed February 10, 2020
1519:
An American Family: The Mahammett Family of Maryland
365:
1546:, University of North Carolina Press, 2016, pg. 163
60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
23:. For the residents or citizens of Madagascar, see
1521:, Muslimsinamerica.org, Accessed January 18, 2020
1405:
1820:
1494:Shades of Gray: Dispatches from the Modern South
1632:
1533:, Familytreemagazine.com, Accessed May 15, 2020
1185:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
1068:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
1000:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
1507:NASA Johnson Space Center Oral History Project
573:. Language footprints of their ancestors from
1618:
875:The first recorded African slave in Canada,
1171:
1625:
1611:
772:(specifically the overseas departments of
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1214:
1204:
1146:
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1087:
1037:
1019:
120:Learn how and when to remove this message
1583:. African Social Studies Series. Brill.
1509:, April 29, 2004. Accessed May 15, 2020.
1482:, Afropop.org, Accessed January 18, 2020
493:
482:
357:
1480:Wendy Wilson-Fall on Malagasy Americans
479:Genetics and origins of the populations
362:Distribution of Malagasy ethnic groups.
1821:
1346:
1606:
1299:
1297:
1491:
988:
986:
763:
581:, a language from the region of the
183:Regions with significant populations
58:adding citations to reliable sources
29:
1492:John, Egerton (September 1, 1991).
614:, who was a brother-in-law of King
13:
1565:
1294:
557:, 22% in Vezo, and 13% in Mikea.
14:
1850:
983:
432:of the central highlands around
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34:
1549:
1536:
1524:
1512:
1500:
1485:
1473:
1462:
1418:Molecular Biology and Evolution
1135:Molecular Biology and Evolution
879:, was taken from Madagascar to
794:Latin America and the Caribbean
624:construction style of dwellings
45:needs additional citations for
1469:Malagasy expatriates in France
1280:
1231:
1122:
1054:
958:
940:
1:
933:
612:Abderremane, Sultan of Mohéli
175:
16:Ethnic groups from Madagascar
784:(specifically the island of
545:in the Malagasy population (
7:
1834:Ethnic groups in Madagascar
1634:Ethnic groups of Madagascar
886:
640:"Highlander" ethnic groups
565:and other South Kalimantan
10:
1855:
156:A Malagasy street vendor;
25:Demographics of Madagascar
18:
1804:
1773:
1640:
913:Seychellois Creole people
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1244:Human Molecular Genetics
972:(in French). August 2017
850:Paschal Beverly Randolph
1542:Henry Louis Gates Jr.,
1206:10.1073/pnas.1704906114
1089:10.1073/pnas.1321860111
1021:10.1073/pnas.1704906114
593:Historical subdivisions
160:A traditional Malagasy
1322:10.1098/rspb.2012.0012
667:Coastal ethnic groups
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491:
405:
363:
1430:10.1093/molbev/msw117
1148:10.1093/molbev/msp120
898:Culture of Madagascar
679:or Temoro or Antemoro
497:
486:
361:
285:Related ethnic groups
1839:Austronesian peoples
903:Culture of Indonesia
842:Frederick D. Gregory
294:Austronesian peoples
54:improve this article
1371:2016NatSR...626066K
1316:(1739): 2761–2768.
1257:10.1093/hmg/ddab018
1197:2017PNAS..114E6498P
1191:(32): E6498–E6506.
1080:2014PNAS..111..936P
1012:2017PNAS..114E6498P
1006:(32): E6498–E6506.
870:Keenan Ivory Wayans
846:Thomas P. Mahammitt
838:Mary Church Terrell
137:
1359:Scientific Reports
908:Culture of Oceania
834:Robert Reed Church
814:Regina M. Anderson
503:
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416:indigenous to the
364:
275:Traditional Faiths
135:
69:"Malagasy peoples"
1816:
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1796:Vazaha (European)
1791:Vazaha (European)
1380:10.1038/srep26066
918:Mauritian Creoles
893:Malagasy language
826:Philippa Schuyler
818:William H. Hastie
764:Malagasy diaspora
575:Southeastern Asia
473:French Madagascar
408:) are a group of
390:Madagascar portal
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1424:(9): 2396–2400.
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1141:(9): 2109–2124.
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877:Olivier Le Jeune
810:Katherine Dunham
543:Polynesian motif
441:(Ambatondrazaka)
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348:Native Oceanians
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170:Total population
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62:
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30:
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1781:Karana (Indian)
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1496:. p. 134.
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65:Find sources:
59:
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43:This article
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1665:Antambahoaka
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1365:(1): 26066.
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1288:"Disclaimer"
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974:. Retrieved
970:inee.cnrs.fr
969:
960:
952:Researchgate
951:
942:
874:
858:Claude McKay
854:Maya Rudolph
830:Muhammad Ali
802:
790:South Africa
767:
689:Antambahoaka
631:
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596:
585:in southern
583:Barito River
567:Dayak people
559:
540:
531:Y chromosome
508:
504:
469:
445:Fianarantsoa
440:
434:Antananarivo
410:Austronesian
397:
395:
333:other Barito
271:Christianity
221:South Africa
178:26.8 million
157:
153:
132:Ethnic group
116:
107:
97:
90:
83:
76:
64:
52:Please help
47:verification
44:
1675:Antankarana
866:Ben Jealous
700:Antankarana
685:or Antesaka
673:or Antefasy
233:New Zealand
1823:Categories
1760:Zafimaniry
1705:Bezanozano
1642:Indigenous
1589:9004256237
976:2021-02-25
934:References
928:Cape Malay
881:New France
806:Andy Razaf
721:Bezanozano
696:or Tandroy
659:Zafimaniry
422:Madagascar
412:-speaking
189:Madagascar
80:newspapers
1807:See also:
1774:Immigrant
1750:Tsimihety
1670:Antandroy
1660:Antaisaka
1650:Antaifasy
1438:0737-4038
1266:0964-6906
1098:0027-8424
1030:0027-8424
883:in 1628.
751:Tsimihety
707:or Tanosy
694:Antandroy
683:Antaisaka
677:Antaimoro
671:Antaifasy
550:haplotype
343:Moluccans
239:Languages
225:Australia
205:Mauritius
164:orchestra
1765:Zafisoro
1740:Sihanaka
1735:Sakalava
1720:Masikoro
1710:Mahafaly
1695:Betsileo
1680:Antanosy
1655:Antemoro
1456:27381999
1399:27188237
1340:22438500
1274:33481023
1225:28716916
1165:22042499
1157:19535740
1116:24395773
1048:28716916
887:See also
862:Jess Tom
796:and the
741:Sakalava
726:Mahafaly
705:Antanosy
654:Betsileo
649:Sihanaka
616:Radama I
604:Betsileo
579:Ma'anyan
501:children
499:Sakalava
490:children
467:, etc.
465:Mahafaly
449:Sakalava
430:Betsileo
406:Malgache
398:Malagasy
338:Ambonese
328:Lawangan
308:Ma'anyan
265:Religion
245:Malagasy
136:Malagasy
1810:Vazimba
1447:4989113
1390:4870696
1367:Bibcode
1331:3367776
1216:5559028
1193:Bibcode
1107:3903192
1076:Bibcode
1039:5559028
1008:Bibcode
782:Comoros
778:RĂ©union
774:Mayotte
438:Alaotra
201:RĂ©union
197:Mayotte
193:Comoros
158:Bottom:
94:scholar
1745:Tanala
1725:Merina
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786:Moheli
770:France
746:Tanala
644:Merina
608:Moheli
587:Borneo
571:Borneo
563:Banjar
555:Merina
535:O-M175
517:, and
511:Temoro
488:Merina
426:Merina
402:French
313:Banjar
254:French
229:Canada
209:France
162:Valiha
96:
89:
82:
75:
67:
1730:Mikea
1715:Makoa
1690:Beosi
1161:S2CID
736:Mikea
731:Makoa
628:music
547:mtDNA
527:mtDNA
519:Mikea
318:Dusun
279:Islam
101:JSTOR
87:books
1755:Vezo
1685:Bara
1593:ISBN
1585:ISBN
1452:PMID
1434:ISSN
1395:PMID
1336:PMID
1270:PMID
1262:ISSN
1221:PMID
1153:PMID
1112:PMID
1094:ISSN
1044:PMID
1026:ISSN
836:and
824:and
776:and
756:Vezo
711:Bara
633:fady
515:Vezo
457:Vezo
453:Bara
443:and
428:and
396:The
323:Paku
154:Top:
73:news
1442:PMC
1426:doi
1385:PMC
1375:doi
1326:PMC
1318:doi
1314:279
1252:doi
1211:PMC
1201:doi
1189:114
1143:doi
1102:PMC
1084:doi
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1034:PMC
1016:doi
1004:114
872:.
788:),
780:),
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56:by
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