154:
629:. The military resistance and eventual defeat of most of the coastal communities assured their subordinate position vis-Ă -vis the Merina-Betsileo alliance. During the 19th and 20th centuries, the French colonial administration capitalized on and further exacerbated these political inequities by appropriating existing Merina governmental infrastructure to run their colony. This legacy of political inequity dogged the people of Madagascar after gaining independence in 1960; candidates' ethnic and regional identities have often served to help or hinder their success in democratic elections.
381:
495:
370:
395:
1190:
Fanony, Fulgence; Lejamble, Sendra; Thomas, Olivier; Mohamed
Abdallah, Ahmed; Rocher, Christophe; Arachiche, Amal; Tonaso, Laure; Pereda-loth, Veronica; Schiavinato, Stéphanie; Brucato, Nicolas; Ricaut, Francois-Xavier; Kusuma, Pradiptajati; Sudoyo, Herawati; Ni, Shengyu; Boland, Anne; Deleuze, Jean-Francois; Beaujard, Philippe; Grange, Philippe; Adelaar, Sander; Stoneking, Mark; Rakotoarisoa, Jean-Aimé; Radimilahy, Chantal; Letellier, Thierry (2017).
47:
160:
506:
647:. The number of such ethnic groups in Madagascar has been debated. The practices that distinguished many of these groups are less prevalent in the 21st century than they were in the past. But, many Malagasy are proud to proclaim their association with one or several of these groups as part of their own cultural identity.
481:
The Merina are further divided into two subgroups. The “Merina A” are the Hova and
Andriana, and have an average of 30–40% Bantu ancestry. The second subgroup is the “Merina B”, the Andevo, who have an average of 40–50% Bantu ancestry. The latter make up less than 1/3 of Merina society. The Malagasy
571:
Based on this result, a study suggested that
Madagascar was settled approximately 1,200 years ago by a very small group, which consisted of approximately 30 women; 28 (93%) of them had maritime Southeast Asian descent and 2 (7%) of them were of African descent. The Malagasy population developed
1189:
Pierron, Denis; Heiske, Margit; Razafindrazaka, Harilanto; Rakoto, Ignace; Rabetokotany, Nelly; Ravololomanga, Bodo; Rakotozafy, Lucien M.-A.; Rakotomalala, Mireille Mialy; Razafiarivony, Michel; Rasoarifetra, Bako; Raharijesy, Miakabola
Andriamampianina; Razafindralambo, Lolona; Ramilisonina;
516:
An island-wide survey of the genetic diversity was performed from 2008 to 2018. This project was called "MAGE" (for
Madagascar, Anthropology Genetics Ethno-linguistic). Around 3000 inhabitants of Madagascar participated in this study and provided their saliva for a genetic study. Three hundred
632:
Within these two broad ethnic and political groupings, the
Malagasy were historically subdivided into specifically named ethnic groups, who were primarily distinguished from one another on the basis of cultural practices. These were namely agricultural, hunting, or fishing practices;
814:
The
Malagasy diaspora in the United States includes those descended from people who, slave or free, came during the 18th and 19th centuries. Other Americans of Malagasy ancestry are recent immigrants from Madagascar. Some notable Americans who have Malagasy ancestry include
517:
villages across
Madagascar were sampled in terms of genetic, linguistic and cultural diversity. This research was led and performed by Malagasy and European researchers and academics. This study demonstrated that all Malagasy people have mixed African and Asian ancestry.
1004:
Pierron, Denis; Heiske, Margit; Razafindrazaka, Harilanto; Rakoto, Ignace; Rabetokotany, Nelly; Ravololomanga, Bodo; Rakotozafy, Lucien M.-A.; Rakotomalala, Mireille Mialy; Razafiarivony, Michel; Rasoarifetra, Bako; Raharijesy, Miakabola
Andriamampianina (2017-08-08).
608:
The difference in origins remains somewhat evident between the highland and coastal regions . In addition to the distinction in term of ancestral proportion between highland and coastal
Malagasy, one may speak of a political distinction as well.
1072:
Pierron, Denis; Razafindrazaka, Harilanto; Pagani, Luca; Ricaut, François-Xavier; Antao, Tiago; Capredon, Mélanie; Sambo, Clément; Radimilahy, Chantal; Rakotoarisoa, Jean-Aimé; Blench, Roger M.; Letellier, Thierry (2014-01-21).
563:
B4a1a1a). A more recent study identified two additional mutations (1473 and 3423A) found in all Polynesian motif carriers of Madagascar, hence was named the Malagasy motif. The frequency varied among three ethnic groups: 50% in
548:
varies from 45% in Antalaotra, 16% in the Ampanabaka, 5% Anteony. In contrast, African male haplogroup such as E1b1a1 constituted 76% of the Ampanabaka genetic diversity, but only 7% in the Antalaotra and 12% in the Anteony.
1423:
Brucato, Nicolas; Kusuma, Pradiptajati; Cox, Murray P.; Pierron, Denis; Purnomo, Gludhug A.; Adelaar, Alexander; Kivisild, Toomas; Letellier, Thierry; Sudoyo, Herawati; Ricaut, François-Xavier (2016).
435:. Traditionally, the population have been divided into ethnic groups. Examples include "Highlander" (ethnically mixed ancestry but more Austronesian and slightly less Bantu) groups such as the
532:, etc. have approximately 70% African ancestry and 30% Asian ancestry, while highlander tribes tend to have lower African ancestry at around 45%. In a recent island-wide survey the male-only
1364:
Kusuma, Pradiptajati; Brucato, Nicolas; Cox, Murray P.; Pierron, Denis; Razafindrazaka, Harilanto; Adelaar, Alexander; Sudoyo, Herawati; Letellier, Thierry; Ricaut, François-Xavier (2016).
572:
through the intermixing of the first small founding population with African males. The closest Asian parental population of the Malagasy are found in what is now Indonesia, among the
552:
Due to the proximity to Africa, the connection with Asian populations aroused the most curiosity. Around 1996, a study was launched in an attempt to identify the presence of the
1249:
Heiske, Margit; Alva, Omar; Pereda-Loth, Veronica; Van Schalkwyk, Matthew; Radimilahy, Chantal; Letellier, Thierry; Rakotarisoa, Jean-Aimé; Pierron, Denis (2021-01-22).
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of African origin are more common than those of East Asian origin, but it varies depending on the study (70.7 vs. 20.7 or 51% vs 34%). However the
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people under their administration first. They later extended Merina control over the majority of the coastal areas. The neighbouring island of
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population was 2,242,000 in the first census in 1900. Their population had a massive growth in the next hundred years, especially under
1628:
1806:
976:
1590:
1479:
111:
1529:
83:
1844:
1621:
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lineages, passed down from mother to child, are the opposite (42.4% African origin vs. 50.1% East Asian origin). Male-only
1142:"On the Origins and Admixture of Malagasy: New Evidence from High-Resolution Analyses of Paternal and Maternal Lineages"
90:
1075:"Genome-wide evidence of Austronesian–Bantu admixture and cultural reversion in a hunter-gatherer group of Madagascar"
1607:
130:
64:
622:
97:
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804:
17:
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1251:"Genetic evidence and historical theories of the Asian and African origins of the present Malagasy population"
1849:
358:
153:
79:
1796:
1315:
Cox, Murray P.; Nelson, Michael G.; Tumonggor, Meryanne K.; Ricaut, François-X.; Sudoyo, Herawati (2012).
641:; hair and clothing styles; and local customs or taboos, the latter was known in the Malagasy language as
1801:
1490:
634:
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in the late 18th and early 19th century, united the Merina principalities and brought the neighbouring
281:
35:
1140:
Tofanelli, S.; Bertoncini, S.; Castri, L.; Luiselli, D.; Calafell, F.; Donati, G.; Paoli, G. (2009).
923:
610:
333:
1839:
860:
57:
553:
104:
1791:
908:
458:, and the "coastal dwellers" (predominantly Bantu with less Austronesian traits) such as the
1710:
1425:"Malagasy Genetic Ancestry Comes from an Historical Malay Trading Post in Southeast Borneo"
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1203:
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But the proportion of ancestral genes differs. Coastal Malagasy populations, including the
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8:
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1366:"Contrasting Linguistic and Genetic Origins of the Asian Source Populations of Malagasy"
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31:
1175:
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369:
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1705:
1690:
1665:
832:
751:
715:
664:
412:
338:
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264:
959:"Genomic investigation of the ancestry proportion of six Malagasy ethnic groups"
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This article is about the ethnic groups of Madagascar. For their language, see
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1567:“Finding Your Roots”: Maya Rudolph, Shonda Rhimes and Keenan Ivory Wayans
1542:“Finding Your Roots”: Maya Rudolph, Shonda Rhimes and Keenan Ivory Wayans
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977:"Madagascar, illustration inédite de la mondialisation génétique | INEE"
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Contest for Land in Madagascar: Environment, Ancestors and Development
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Finding Your Roots, Season 2: The Official Companion to the PBS Series
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by Wendy Wilson-Fall, 2015, Ohio University Press—Malagasy diaspora
1317:"A small cohort of Island Southeast Asian women founded Madagascar"
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1071:
1003:
792:
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can be traced by the many shared words of basic vocabulary with
448:
207:
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of East/Southeast Asian paternal frequencies such as Haplogroup
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597:
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436:
239:
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467:
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1583:
Memories of Madagascar and Slavery in the Black Atlantic
1314:
1192:"Genomic landscape of human diversity across Madagascar"
1007:"Genomic landscape of human diversity across Madagascar"
1422:
1363:
1321:
Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences
779:
Countries with a significant Malagasy diaspora include
621:
was also ruled by a Muslim Merina dynasty founded by
1588:
Sandra Evers, Gwyn Campbell, Michael Lambek (2013).
1569:, Familytreemagazine.com, Accessed February 10, 2020
1530:
An American Family: The Mahammett Family of Maryland
376:
1557:, University of North Carolina Press, 2016, pg. 163
71:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
34:. For the residents or citizens of Madagascar, see
1532:, Muslimsinamerica.org, Accessed January 18, 2020
1416:
1831:
1505:Shades of Gray: Dispatches from the Modern South
1643:
1544:, Familytreemagazine.com, Accessed May 15, 2020
1196:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
1079:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
1011:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
1518:NASA Johnson Space Center Oral History Project
584:. Language footprints of their ancestors from
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886:The first recorded African slave in Canada,
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783:(specifically the overseas departments of
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131:Learn how and when to remove this message
1594:. African Social Studies Series. Brill.
1520:, April 29, 2004. Accessed May 15, 2020.
1493:, Afropop.org, Accessed January 18, 2020
504:
493:
368:
1491:Wendy Wilson-Fall on Malagasy Americans
490:Genetics and origins of the populations
373:Distribution of Malagasy ethnic groups.
14:
1832:
1357:
1617:
1310:
1308:
1502:
999:
997:
774:
592:, a language from the region of the
194:Regions with significant populations
69:adding citations to reliable sources
40:
1503:John, Egerton (September 1, 1991).
625:, who was a brother-in-law of King
24:
1576:
1305:
568:, 22% in Vezo, and 13% in Mikea.
25:
1861:
994:
443:of the central highlands around
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1429:Molecular Biology and Evolution
1146:Molecular Biology and Evolution
890:, was taken from Madagascar to
805:Latin America and the Caribbean
635:construction style of dwellings
56:needs additional citations for
1480:Malagasy expatriates in France
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1242:
1133:
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951:
13:
1:
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623:Abderremane, Sultan of Mohéli
186:
27:Ethnic groups from Madagascar
795:(specifically the island of
556:in the Malagasy population (
7:
1845:Ethnic groups in Madagascar
1645:Ethnic groups of Madagascar
897:
651:"Highlander" ethnic groups
576:and other South Kalimantan
10:
1866:
167:A Malagasy street vendor;
36:Demographics of Madagascar
29:
1815:
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924:Seychellois Creole people
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1255:Human Molecular Genetics
983:(in French). August 2017
861:Paschal Beverly Randolph
1553:Henry Louis Gates Jr.,
1217:10.1073/pnas.1704906114
1100:10.1073/pnas.1321860111
1032:10.1073/pnas.1704906114
604:Historical subdivisions
171:A traditional Malagasy
1333:10.1098/rspb.2012.0012
678:Coastal ethnic groups
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1441:10.1093/molbev/msw117
1159:10.1093/molbev/msp120
909:Culture of Madagascar
690:or Temoro or Antemoro
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296:Related ethnic groups
1850:Austronesian peoples
914:Culture of Indonesia
853:Frederick D. Gregory
305:Austronesian peoples
65:improve this article
1382:2016NatSR...626066K
1327:(1739): 2761–2768.
1268:10.1093/hmg/ddab018
1208:2017PNAS..114E6498P
1202:(32): E6498–E6506.
1091:2014PNAS..111..936P
1023:2017PNAS..114E6498P
1017:(32): E6498–E6506.
881:Keenan Ivory Wayans
857:Thomas P. Mahammitt
849:Mary Church Terrell
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1370:Scientific Reports
919:Culture of Oceania
845:Robert Reed Church
825:Regina M. Anderson
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427:indigenous to the
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286:Traditional Faiths
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80:"Malagasy peoples"
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1807:Vazaha (European)
1802:Vazaha (European)
1391:10.1038/srep26066
929:Mauritian Creoles
904:Malagasy language
837:Philippa Schuyler
829:William H. Hastie
775:Malagasy diaspora
586:Southeastern Asia
484:French Madagascar
419:) are a group of
401:Madagascar portal
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70:
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54:This article
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1676:Antambahoaka
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1299:"Disclaimer"
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985:. Retrieved
981:inee.cnrs.fr
980:
971:
963:Researchgate
962:
953:
885:
869:Claude McKay
865:Maya Rudolph
841:Muhammad Ali
813:
801:South Africa
778:
700:Antambahoaka
642:
631:
607:
596:in southern
594:Barito River
578:Dayak people
570:
551:
542:Y chromosome
519:
515:
480:
456:Fianarantsoa
451:
445:Antananarivo
421:Austronesian
408:
406:
344:other Barito
282:Christianity
232:South Africa
189:26.8 million
168:
164:
143:Ethnic group
127:
118:
108:
101:
94:
87:
75:
63:Please help
58:verification
55:
1686:Antankarana
877:Ben Jealous
711:Antankarana
696:or Antesaka
684:or Antefasy
244:New Zealand
1834:Categories
1771:Zafimaniry
1716:Bezanozano
1653:Indigenous
1600:9004256237
987:2021-02-25
945:References
939:Cape Malay
892:New France
817:Andy Razaf
732:Bezanozano
707:or Tandroy
670:Zafimaniry
433:Madagascar
423:-speaking
200:Madagascar
91:newspapers
1818:See also:
1785:Immigrant
1761:Tsimihety
1681:Antandroy
1671:Antaisaka
1661:Antaifasy
1449:0737-4038
1277:0964-6906
1109:0027-8424
1041:0027-8424
894:in 1628.
762:Tsimihety
718:or Tanosy
705:Antandroy
694:Antaisaka
688:Antaimoro
682:Antaifasy
561:haplotype
354:Moluccans
250:Languages
236:Australia
216:Mauritius
175:orchestra
1776:Zafisoro
1751:Sihanaka
1746:Sakalava
1731:Masikoro
1721:Mahafaly
1706:Betsileo
1691:Antanosy
1666:Antemoro
1467:27381999
1410:27188237
1351:22438500
1285:33481023
1236:28716916
1176:22042499
1168:19535740
1127:24395773
1059:28716916
898:See also
873:Jess Tom
807:and the
752:Sakalava
737:Mahafaly
716:Antanosy
665:Betsileo
660:Sihanaka
627:Radama I
615:Betsileo
590:Ma'anyan
512:children
510:Sakalava
501:children
478:, etc.
476:Mahafaly
460:Sakalava
441:Betsileo
417:Malgache
409:Malagasy
349:Ambonese
339:Lawangan
319:Ma'anyan
276:Religion
256:Malagasy
147:Malagasy
1821:Vazimba
1458:4989113
1401:4870696
1378:Bibcode
1342:3367776
1227:5559028
1204:Bibcode
1118:3903192
1087:Bibcode
1050:5559028
1019:Bibcode
793:Comoros
789:RĂ©union
785:Mayotte
449:Alaotra
212:RĂ©union
208:Mayotte
204:Comoros
169:Bottom:
105:scholar
1756:Tanala
1736:Merina
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879:, and
797:Moheli
781:France
757:Tanala
655:Merina
619:Moheli
598:Borneo
582:Borneo
574:Banjar
566:Merina
546:O-M175
528:, and
522:Temoro
499:Merina
437:Merina
413:French
324:Banjar
265:French
240:Canada
220:France
173:Valiha
107:
100:
93:
86:
78:
1741:Mikea
1726:Makoa
1701:Beosi
1172:S2CID
747:Mikea
742:Makoa
639:music
558:mtDNA
538:mtDNA
530:Mikea
329:Dusun
290:Islam
112:JSTOR
98:books
1766:Vezo
1696:Bara
1604:ISBN
1596:ISBN
1463:PMID
1445:ISSN
1406:PMID
1347:PMID
1281:PMID
1273:ISSN
1232:PMID
1164:PMID
1123:PMID
1105:ISSN
1055:PMID
1037:ISSN
847:and
835:and
787:and
767:Vezo
722:Bara
644:fady
526:Vezo
468:Vezo
464:Bara
454:and
439:and
407:The
334:Paku
165:Top:
84:news
1453:PMC
1437:doi
1396:PMC
1386:doi
1337:PMC
1329:doi
1325:279
1263:doi
1222:PMC
1212:doi
1200:114
1154:doi
1113:PMC
1095:doi
1083:111
1045:PMC
1027:doi
1015:114
883:.
799:),
791:),
431:of
67:by
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260:L1
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187:c.
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20:)
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