59:
75:
891:
390:
488:. The Köppen-Geiger climate classification is Aw. The average annual temperature is 28.4 °C. The temperatures are highest on average in May, at around 32.6 °C. In January, the average temperature is 24.3 °C, the lowest of the year. The average temperatures vary during the year by 8.3 °C. In a year, the average rainfall is 1219 mm. In winter, there is much less rainfall than in summer. The variation in the precipitation between the driest and wettest months is 309 mm.
1068:
461:, erected half a century later, is built from dressed stone. What makes Mahabalipuram so culturally resonant are the influences it absorbs and disseminates. The Shore Temple includes many reliefs, including one 100 feet (30 m) long and 45 feet (14 m) high, carved out of granite. In 1957 the Government College of Architecture and Sculpture was established to promote and revive the art of making sculptures and temples.
82:
1097:
As of 2001 India census, Mahabalipuram had a population of 12,345. Males constitute 52% of the population and females 48%. Mahabalipuram has an average literacy rate of 74%, higher than the national average of 73%: male literacy is 82%, and female literacy is 66%. In
Mahabalipuram, 12% of the
476:(Villupuram division) operate bus services between Mamallapuram/Mahabalipuram and Chennai, Chengalpattu, Kancheepuram, Thiruttani etc. MTC's bus services available from various parts of the Chennai include Deluxe and Air-conditioned buses. Mahabalipuram is 56 km from Chennai.
1067:
397:
Neolithic burial urn, cairn circles and jars with burials dating to the 1st century BCE have been discovered near
Mahabalipuram. The Sangam age poem Perumpāṇāṟṟuppadai relates the rule of King Thondaiman Ilam Thiraiyar at
1719:
1032:– over ten rock-cut temples dating back to the 7th century. These include the Varaha, Adi Varaha, Krishna, Mahishasuramardini (Durga), Ramanuja, Dharmaraja, Koneri, Kotikal, Panchapandava and others.
1820:
305:, who was also known as Mamalla. Along with economic prosperity, it became the site of a group of royal monuments, many carved out of the living rock. These are dated to the 7th and 8th centuries:
966:
and others, built between 695 and 722 CE; and, archaeological excavations with inscriptions some dated to 6th century and earlier. The cave temples and monolithic temples were built during the
430:
described this place as Sea
Mountain 'where the ships rode at anchor bent to the point of breaking laden as they were with wealth, big trunked elephants and gems of nine varieties in heaps'.
1106:
In
October 2019, Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi and Chinese President Xi Jinping visited Arjuna's Penance, the Pancha Rathas complex and the Shore Temple in Mahabalipuram.
936:
temples with an architecture of monolith processional chariots built between 630 and 668 CE; the mandapa viharas with halls and stone roofs with narratives from the
441:
and his successor
Rajasimhavarman and show the movement from rock-cut architecture to structural building. The city of Mahabalipuram was founded by the Pallava king
1895:
1853:
1787:
1754:
2347:
2281:
353:, the Greek geographer refers this place as Malange. Mahabalipuram is also known by other names such as Mamallapattana and Mamallapuram. The term
2023:
1627:
2342:
2327:
414:
in the 4th century CE have been found at
Mahabalipuram revealing the port as an active hub of global trade in the late classical period. Two
1491:
1047:
1653:
469:
103:
422:; the capital of the Pallava dynasty from the 3rd century to 9th century CE, and used the port to launch trade and diplomatic missions to
2312:
2106:
1888:
1050:
including the
Olakkanesvara temple and the lighthouse, along with rock-cut features such as the Draupadi's tank and Krishna's butterball.
366:
1467:
58:
418:
coins bearing legends read as
Srihari and Srinidhi have been found at Mahabalipuram. The Pallava kings ruled Mahabalipuram from
2337:
2189:
2043:
1881:
473:
1602:
1518:
74:
1904:
1847:
1814:
1781:
1748:
1682:
1449:
1422:
1279:
1235:
1190:
1079:
982:
1135:
1180:
2159:
2123:
885:
283:
1358:
1713:
1157:
286:. It is one of the famous tourist sites in India. The ancient name of the place is Thirukadalmallai. It is a part of
1332:
2144:
1837:
1771:
1738:
1703:
1804:
1389:
271:
143:
1043:
with the entrance from the western side away from the sea. Recent excavations have revealed new structures here.
1694:
971:
901:
The town has a collection of 7th- and 8th-century Hindu religious monuments that has been declared as a UNESCO
374:
345:
2078:
2002:
1029:
17:
2317:
2199:
2194:
1948:
1925:
1074:
485:
2149:
1087:, at Mahabalipuram, is one of the largest rock reliefs in Asia and features in several Hindu scriptures.
2293:
2256:
2096:
2048:
248:
155:
2332:
1628:"Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional)"
287:
1631:
2133:
2017:
1974:
1484:
2219:
2068:
1920:
1227:
2322:
2271:
2012:
1439:
1412:
410:
which scholars identify with the present-day
Mahabalipuram. Chinese coins and Roman coins of
319:
267:
160:
2101:
220:
2044:
The
Architectural Work of Le Corbusier, an Outstanding Contribution to the Modern Movement
1464:
8:
2154:
2111:
2073:
902:
365:, the famous Vaishnavite saint mentions this place as Thirukadalmallai, referring to the
279:
228:
951:
1414:
Sacred Places of a Lifetime: 500 of the World's Most Peaceful and Powerful Destinations
1220:
2007:
1969:
1843:
1810:
1777:
1744:
1709:
1678:
1445:
1418:
1231:
1186:
442:
427:
362:
358:
302:
928:, including Descent of the Ganges or Arjuna's Penance – one of the largest open-air
890:
2249:
1954:
1515:
1053:
906:
1294:
2209:
2060:
1522:
1471:
1139:
967:
438:
369:. Another name by which Mahabalipuram has been known to mariners, at least since
298:
1873:
1132:
2239:
2139:
1997:
1670:
1595:
204:
958:, Shaktism and Vaishnavism; stone cut temples particularly those dedicated to
2306:
2276:
2166:
1912:
1350:
1040:
994:
755:
118:
105:
389:
2229:
2214:
2184:
2028:
1964:
1036:
925:
894:
458:
411:
378:
324:
1153:
2266:
2244:
2234:
2088:
1984:
1336:
1277:
947:
938:
929:
434:
419:
403:
399:
343:
The earliest mention of the city is found in the 1st century work called
332:
314:
1026:. Each of these is carved from one single separate large piece of stone.
357:
means the city of Mamalla, the other name of the famous Pallava Emperor
2176:
2128:
1940:
1769:
1011:
998:(Five Chariots) – five monolithic pyramidal structures named after the
914:
370:
275:
148:
1385:
2224:
2204:
2038:
1992:
423:
216:
211:
2033:
1023:
1019:
955:
943:
450:
1959:
999:
932:
in the world. The site includes several categories of monuments:
910:
454:
446:
433:
The temples of Mahabalipuram, portraying events described in the
415:
350:
310:
291:
909:
of the Bay of Bengal, about 60 kilometres (37 mi) south of
2261:
1930:
1278:
Sundaresh; A. S. Gaur; Sila Tripati; K. H. Vora (10 May 2004).
1057:
1015:
1003:
963:
1675:
Mahabalipuram oder Als Schweizer in Indien. Ein Reisetagebuch.
2118:
1007:
959:
918:
328:
306:
1322:
Ancient Discoveries: Lost Cities of the Deep History Channel
29:
Suburban of Chennai city in Chengalpattu, Tamil Nadu, India
1441:
The Hindu Temple: An Introduction to Its Meaning and Forms
1273:
1271:
426:
and Southeast Asia. An 8th-century Tamil text written by
449:
or pavilions and the rathas or shrines shaped as temple
361:(630-670 CE) who built the famous temples in the city.
1465:
Group of Monuments at Mahabalipuram, Dist. Kanchipuram
1268:
297:
Mamallapuram was one of two major port cities in the
2267:
Rani-ki-Vav (the Queen's Stepwell) at Patan, Gujarat
1770:
Pippa de Bruyn; Keith Bain; David Allardice (2010).
1213:
1211:
1209:
331:. The contemporary town plan was established by the
1410:
1217:
1404:
1333:"Metropolitan Transport Corporation (Chennai) Ltd"
1219:
2282:Victorian Gothic and Art Deco Ensembles of Mumbai
1903:
1444:. University of Chicago Press. pp. 131–134.
1206:
2304:
2140:Kakatiya Rudreshwara (Ramappa) Temple, Telangana
1736:
2024:Nanda Devi and Valley of Flowers National Parks
2003:Great Himalayan National Park Conservation Area
1431:
437:, were built largely during the reigns of King
1437:
1889:
1222:The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Hinduism: A-M
1128:
1126:
1124:
1122:
1120:
1118:
1630:. Census Commission of India. Archived from
1417:. National Geographic Society. p. 154.
1280:"Underwater investigations off Mamallapuram"
2107:Brihadisvara Temple, Gangaikonda Cholapuram
377:that stood on the shore, of which one, the
373:'s time is "Seven Pagodas" alluding to the
1896:
1882:
1839:South India (Lonely Planet Regional Guide)
1115:
2348:Cities and towns in Chengalpattu district
1960:Archaeological Site of Nalanda Mahavihara
1737:Bradnock, Roma; Bradnock, Robert (2009),
1708:, New Delhi: Asian Educational Services,
1380:
1378:
1376:
1316:
1477:
1178:
889:
388:
301:. The town was named after Pallava king
1525:, Archaeological Survey of India (2014)
1474:, Archaeological Survey of India (2014)
313:(cave sanctuaries), the giant open-air
14:
2305:
2190:Champaner-Pavagadh Archaeological Park
1608:from the original on 29 September 2011
1373:
1253:, 15th Edition (1982), Vol. VI, p. 497
1226:. The Rosen Publishing Group. p.
1151:
924:The site has 40 ancient monuments and
1955:Mahabodhi Temple Complex at Bodh Gaya
1877:
1835:
1701:
1386:"Group of Monuments at Mahabalipuram"
897:, the major monument in Mahabalipuram
2343:1827 establishments in British India
2328:Populated places established in 1827
2029:Qutub Minar and its Monuments, Delhi
1856:from the original on 2 November 2023
1823:from the original on 2 November 2023
1802:
1790:from the original on 2 November 2023
1757:from the original on 2 November 2023
1722:from the original on 2 November 2023
1516:World Heritage Sites - Mahabalipuram
1392:from the original on 4 November 2005
1098:population is under 6 years of age.
393:Panoramic view of Pancharatha temple
81:
2124:Group of Monuments at Mahabalipuram
1497:from the original on 9 October 2022
977:Some important structures include:
886:Group of Monuments at Mahabalipuram
309:(temples in the form of chariots),
284:Group of Monuments at Mahabalipuram
24:
2313:Archaeological sites in Tamil Nadu
25:
2359:
1869:
1705:South Indian shrines: illustrated
1697:, Government of India. p. 3.
1361:from the original on 4 March 2016
1160:from the original on 1 March 2009
2145:Sacred Ensembles of the Hoysalas
2129:Group of Monuments at Pattadakal
1066:
1039:– a structural temple along the
962:that also reverentially display
80:
73:
57:
1842:(5th ed.), Lonely Planet,
1646:
1620:
1596:"Census of towns in Tamil Nadu"
1588:
1576:
1564:
1552:
1540:
1528:
1509:
1458:
1343:
1325:
1154:"TN Motor Vehicle Registration"
1056:, the temple dedicated to Lord
990:– a giant open-air rock relief.
495:Climate data for Mahabalipuram
349:by an unknown Greek navigator.
2112:Brihadisvara Temple, Thanjavur
1702:Ayyar, P. V. Jagadisa (1991),
1695:Archaeological Survey of India
1304:
1256:
1244:
1179:Subburaj, V. (December 2006).
1172:
1145:
972:Archaeological Survey of India
375:Seven Pagodas of Mahabalipuram
346:Periplus of the Erythraean Sea
282:of 7th- and 8th-century Hindu
13:
1:
2338:World Heritage Sites in India
2079:Khangchendzonga National Park
1905:World Heritage Sites in India
1663:
1092:
970:. The site is managed by the
2200:Churches and convents of Goa
2195:Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus
1949:Darjeeling Himalayan Railway
1931:Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi
1926:Khajuraho Group of Monuments
1809:, USA: Xilbris Corporation,
1411:National Geographic (2008).
1218:James G. Lochtefeld (2002).
950:; rock reliefs particularly
879:
486:tropical wet and dry climate
464:
338:
290:. It is a satellite town of
278:, best known for the UNESCO
7:
2119:Group of Monuments at Hampi
1689:C., Sivaramamurthi (2004).
1582:
1570:
1558:
1546:
1534:
1310:
1262:
828:Average precipitation days
684:Mean daily minimum °C (°F)
544:Mean daily maximum °C (°F)
457:rock face, while the famed
445:in the 7th century CE. The
367:Sthalasayana Perumal Temple
270:in the southeastern Indian
10:
2364:
2294:Mountain Railways of India
2257:Historic City of Ahmadabad
2097:Great Living Chola Temples
1921:Rock Shelters of Bhimbetka
1776:. Frommer's. p. 350.
1688:
1485:"Advisory body evaluation"
1185:. Sura Books. p. 17.
1152:Kathiresan, Rajesh Kumar.
883:
871:
494:
479:
384:
2290:
2272:The Jantar Mantar, Jaipur
2205:Dholavira:a Harappan city
2175:
2087:
2059:
1983:
1939:
1911:
1521:24 September 2007 at the
1142:, Encyclopedia Britannica
1101:
872:Source: Climate-data.org
827:
753:
683:
613:
543:
538:
535:
532:
529:
526:
523:
520:
517:
514:
511:
508:
505:
502:
499:
288:Chennai Metropolitan Area
247:
239:
227:
210:
200:
195:
187:
182:
174:
166:
154:
142:
134:
99:
68:
63:The town of Mahabalipuram
56:
51:
44:
34:
2134:Nilgiri Mountain Railway
2074:Manas Wildlife Sanctuary
1975:Sundarbans National Park
1351:"Climate: Mahabalipuram"
1182:Tourist Guide to Chennai
1109:
46:Suburban of Chennai city
2220:Hill Forts of Rajasthan
2069:Kaziranga National Park
1743:, USA: Patrick Dawson,
1438:George Michell (1977).
1251:Encyclopedia Britannica
1138:4 December 2022 at the
2262:Jaipur City, Rajasthan
2013:Keoladeo National Park
1836:Singh, Sarina (2009),
898:
394:
178:12 m (39 ft)
2008:Humayun's Tomb, Delhi
1080:Descent of the Ganges
983:Descent of the Ganges
893:
392:
320:Descent of the Ganges
268:Chengalpattu district
201: • Official
119:12.61972°N 80.19444°E
2150:Chennakeshava Temple
2102:Airavatesvara Temple
2049:Complexe du Capitole
2018:Kalka–Shimla railway
1803:Hurd, James (2010),
484:Mahabalipuram has a
249:Vehicle registration
2318:Caves of Tamil Nadu
2155:Hoysaleswara Temple
1806:Temples of Tamilnad
1601:. Census of India.
1470:29 May 2018 at the
1300:on 5 November 2004.
1293:(9). Archived from
903:World Heritage Site
614:Daily mean °C (°F)
280:World Heritage Site
115: /
1970:Sun Temple, Konark
1048:structural temples
899:
453:are hewn from the
395:
188: • Total
124:12.61972; 80.19444
2300:
2299:
1849:978-1-74179-155-6
1816:978-1-4134-3843-7
1783:978-0-470-55610-8
1750:978-1-904777-00-7
1693:. New Delhi: The
1683:978-3-716-01764-7
1451:978-0-226-53230-1
1424:978-1-4262-0336-7
1237:978-0-8239-3179-8
1192:978-81-7478-040-9
876:
875:
443:Narasimhavarman I
428:Thirumangai Alvar
363:Thirumangai Alvar
359:Narasimhavarman I
303:Narasimhavarman I
257:
256:
16:(Redirected from
2355:
2333:Underwater ruins
2250:Ranthambore Fort
2034:Red Fort Complex
1898:
1891:
1884:
1875:
1874:
1864:
1863:
1861:
1831:
1830:
1828:
1799:
1797:
1795:
1765:
1764:
1762:
1730:
1729:
1727:
1698:
1658:
1657:
1650:
1644:
1643:
1641:
1639:
1624:
1618:
1617:
1615:
1613:
1607:
1600:
1592:
1586:
1580:
1574:
1568:
1562:
1556:
1550:
1544:
1538:
1532:
1526:
1513:
1507:
1506:
1504:
1502:
1496:
1489:
1481:
1475:
1462:
1456:
1455:
1435:
1429:
1428:
1408:
1402:
1401:
1399:
1397:
1382:
1371:
1370:
1368:
1366:
1355:climate-data.org
1347:
1341:
1340:
1339:on 17 June 2020.
1335:. Archived from
1329:
1323:
1320:
1314:
1308:
1302:
1301:
1299:
1284:
1275:
1266:
1260:
1254:
1248:
1242:
1241:
1225:
1215:
1204:
1203:
1201:
1199:
1176:
1170:
1169:
1167:
1165:
1149:
1143:
1130:
1085:Arjuna's Penance
1083:, also known as
1070:
1054:Thirukadalmallai
988:Arjuna's Penance
907:Coromandel Coast
492:
491:
266:), is a town in
130:
129:
127:
126:
125:
120:
116:
113:
112:
111:
108:
84:
83:
77:
61:
32:
31:
21:
2363:
2362:
2358:
2357:
2356:
2354:
2353:
2352:
2303:
2302:
2301:
2296:
2286:
2210:Elephanta Caves
2171:
2083:
2055:
1979:
1935:
1907:
1902:
1872:
1867:
1859:
1857:
1850:
1826:
1824:
1817:
1793:
1791:
1784:
1773:Frommer's India
1760:
1758:
1751:
1740:Footprint India
1725:
1723:
1716:
1677:Arche, Zürich,
1666:
1661:
1654:"Narendra Modi"
1652:
1651:
1647:
1637:
1635:
1634:on 16 June 2004
1626:
1625:
1621:
1611:
1609:
1605:
1598:
1594:
1593:
1589:
1581:
1577:
1569:
1565:
1557:
1553:
1545:
1541:
1533:
1529:
1523:Wayback Machine
1514:
1510:
1500:
1498:
1494:
1487:
1483:
1482:
1478:
1472:Wayback Machine
1463:
1459:
1452:
1436:
1432:
1425:
1409:
1405:
1395:
1393:
1384:
1383:
1374:
1364:
1362:
1349:
1348:
1344:
1331:
1330:
1326:
1321:
1317:
1309:
1305:
1297:
1287:Current Science
1282:
1276:
1269:
1261:
1257:
1249:
1245:
1238:
1216:
1207:
1197:
1195:
1193:
1177:
1173:
1163:
1161:
1150:
1146:
1140:Wayback Machine
1131:
1116:
1112:
1104:
1095:
1090:
1089:
1088:
1076:
1071:
905:. It is on the
888:
882:
877:
822:
817:
812:
807:
802:
797:
792:
787:
782:
777:
772:
767:
762:
748:
743:
738:
733:
728:
723:
718:
713:
708:
703:
698:
693:
688:
678:
673:
668:
663:
658:
653:
648:
643:
638:
633:
628:
623:
618:
608:
603:
598:
593:
588:
583:
578:
573:
568:
563:
558:
553:
548:
482:
467:
439:Narasimhavarman
387:
341:
299:Pallava kingdom
262:(also known as
235:
123:
121:
117:
114:
109:
106:
104:
102:
101:
95:
94:
93:
92:
91:
90:
89:
85:
64:
47:
40:
37:
30:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2361:
2351:
2350:
2345:
2340:
2335:
2330:
2325:
2320:
2315:
2298:
2297:
2291:
2288:
2287:
2285:
2284:
2279:
2274:
2269:
2264:
2259:
2254:
2253:
2252:
2247:
2242:
2240:Jaisalmer Fort
2237:
2232:
2227:
2217:
2212:
2207:
2202:
2197:
2192:
2187:
2181:
2179:
2173:
2172:
2170:
2169:
2164:
2163:
2162:
2160:Keshava Temple
2157:
2152:
2142:
2137:
2131:
2126:
2121:
2116:
2115:
2114:
2109:
2104:
2093:
2091:
2085:
2084:
2082:
2081:
2076:
2071:
2065:
2063:
2057:
2056:
2054:
2053:
2052:
2051:
2041:
2036:
2031:
2026:
2021:
2015:
2010:
2005:
2000:
1998:Fatehpur Sikri
1995:
1989:
1987:
1981:
1980:
1978:
1977:
1972:
1967:
1962:
1957:
1952:
1945:
1943:
1937:
1936:
1934:
1933:
1928:
1923:
1917:
1915:
1909:
1908:
1901:
1900:
1893:
1886:
1878:
1871:
1870:External links
1868:
1866:
1865:
1848:
1833:
1815:
1800:
1782:
1767:
1749:
1733:
1732:
1714:
1699:
1686:
1671:Lukas Hartmann
1667:
1665:
1662:
1660:
1659:
1645:
1619:
1587:
1575:
1563:
1551:
1539:
1527:
1508:
1490:. UNESCO.org.
1476:
1457:
1450:
1430:
1423:
1403:
1388:. UNESCO.org.
1372:
1342:
1324:
1315:
1303:
1267:
1255:
1243:
1236:
1205:
1191:
1171:
1144:
1113:
1111:
1108:
1103:
1100:
1094:
1091:
1073:
1072:
1065:
1064:
1063:
1062:
1061:
1051:
1044:
1033:
1027:
991:
968:Pallava Period
884:Main article:
881:
878:
874:
873:
869:
868:
865:
862:
859:
856:
853:
850:
847:
844:
841:
838:
835:
832:
829:
825:
824:
819:
814:
809:
804:
799:
794:
789:
784:
779:
774:
769:
764:
759:
751:
750:
745:
740:
735:
730:
725:
720:
715:
710:
705:
700:
695:
690:
685:
681:
680:
675:
670:
665:
660:
655:
650:
645:
640:
635:
630:
625:
620:
615:
611:
610:
605:
600:
595:
590:
585:
580:
575:
570:
565:
560:
555:
550:
545:
541:
540:
537:
534:
531:
528:
525:
522:
519:
516:
513:
510:
507:
504:
501:
497:
496:
490:
481:
478:
466:
463:
386:
383:
340:
337:
255:
254:
251:
245:
244:
241:
240:Telephone code
237:
236:
233:
231:
225:
224:
214:
208:
207:
202:
198:
197:
193:
192:
189:
185:
184:
180:
179:
176:
172:
171:
170:Kundavai Shiva
168:
164:
163:
158:
152:
151:
146:
140:
139:
136:
132:
131:
97:
96:
87:
86:
79:
78:
72:
71:
70:
69:
66:
65:
62:
54:
53:
49:
48:
45:
42:
41:
38:
35:
28:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2360:
2349:
2346:
2344:
2341:
2339:
2336:
2334:
2331:
2329:
2326:
2324:
2323:Mahabalipuram
2321:
2319:
2316:
2314:
2311:
2310:
2308:
2295:
2289:
2283:
2280:
2278:
2277:Western Ghats
2275:
2273:
2270:
2268:
2265:
2263:
2260:
2258:
2255:
2251:
2248:
2246:
2243:
2241:
2238:
2236:
2233:
2231:
2228:
2226:
2223:
2222:
2221:
2218:
2216:
2213:
2211:
2208:
2206:
2203:
2201:
2198:
2196:
2193:
2191:
2188:
2186:
2183:
2182:
2180:
2178:
2174:
2168:
2167:Western Ghats
2165:
2161:
2158:
2156:
2153:
2151:
2148:
2147:
2146:
2143:
2141:
2138:
2135:
2132:
2130:
2127:
2125:
2122:
2120:
2117:
2113:
2110:
2108:
2105:
2103:
2100:
2099:
2098:
2095:
2094:
2092:
2090:
2086:
2080:
2077:
2075:
2072:
2070:
2067:
2066:
2064:
2062:
2058:
2050:
2047:
2046:
2045:
2042:
2040:
2037:
2035:
2032:
2030:
2027:
2025:
2022:
2019:
2016:
2014:
2011:
2009:
2006:
2004:
2001:
1999:
1996:
1994:
1991:
1990:
1988:
1986:
1982:
1976:
1973:
1971:
1968:
1966:
1963:
1961:
1958:
1956:
1953:
1950:
1947:
1946:
1944:
1942:
1938:
1932:
1929:
1927:
1924:
1922:
1919:
1918:
1916:
1914:
1910:
1906:
1899:
1894:
1892:
1887:
1885:
1880:
1879:
1876:
1855:
1851:
1845:
1841:
1840:
1834:
1822:
1818:
1812:
1808:
1807:
1801:
1789:
1785:
1779:
1775:
1774:
1768:
1756:
1752:
1746:
1742:
1741:
1735:
1734:
1721:
1717:
1715:81-206-0151-3
1711:
1707:
1706:
1700:
1696:
1692:
1691:Mahabalipuram
1687:
1684:
1680:
1676:
1672:
1669:
1668:
1655:
1649:
1633:
1629:
1623:
1604:
1597:
1591:
1584:
1579:
1572:
1567:
1560:
1555:
1548:
1543:
1536:
1531:
1524:
1520:
1517:
1512:
1493:
1486:
1480:
1473:
1469:
1466:
1461:
1453:
1447:
1443:
1442:
1434:
1426:
1420:
1416:
1415:
1407:
1391:
1387:
1381:
1379:
1377:
1360:
1356:
1352:
1346:
1338:
1334:
1328:
1319:
1312:
1307:
1296:
1292:
1288:
1281:
1274:
1272:
1264:
1259:
1252:
1247:
1239:
1233:
1229:
1224:
1223:
1214:
1212:
1210:
1194:
1188:
1184:
1183:
1175:
1159:
1155:
1148:
1141:
1137:
1134:
1129:
1127:
1125:
1123:
1121:
1119:
1114:
1107:
1099:
1086:
1082:
1081:
1075:
1069:
1059:
1055:
1052:
1049:
1045:
1042:
1041:Bay of Bengal
1038:
1034:
1031:
1028:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1005:
1001:
997:
996:
995:Pancha Rathas
992:
989:
985:
984:
980:
979:
978:
975:
973:
969:
965:
961:
957:
953:
949:
945:
941:
940:
935:
931:
927:
926:Hindu temples
922:
920:
916:
912:
908:
904:
896:
892:
887:
870:
866:
863:
860:
857:
854:
851:
848:
845:
842:
839:
836:
833:
830:
826:
820:
815:
810:
805:
800:
795:
790:
785:
780:
775:
770:
765:
760:
757:
756:precipitation
752:
746:
741:
736:
731:
726:
721:
716:
711:
706:
701:
696:
691:
686:
682:
676:
671:
666:
661:
656:
651:
646:
641:
636:
631:
626:
621:
616:
612:
606:
601:
596:
591:
586:
581:
576:
571:
566:
561:
556:
551:
546:
542:
498:
493:
489:
487:
477:
475:
471:
462:
460:
456:
452:
448:
444:
440:
436:
431:
429:
425:
421:
417:
413:
409:
405:
401:
391:
382:
380:
376:
372:
368:
364:
360:
356:
352:
348:
347:
336:
334:
330:
327:dedicated to
326:
322:
321:
316:
312:
308:
304:
300:
295:
293:
289:
285:
281:
277:
273:
269:
265:
264:Mahabalipuram
261:
252:
250:
246:
242:
238:
232:
230:
226:
222:
218:
215:
213:
209:
206:
203:
199:
194:
190:
186:
181:
177:
173:
169:
165:
162:
159:
157:
153:
150:
147:
145:
141:
137:
133:
128:
100:Coordinates:
98:
76:
67:
60:
55:
50:
43:
39:Mahabalipuram
33:
27:
19:
18:Mahabalipuram
2230:Chittor Fort
2215:Ellora Caves
2185:Ajanta Caves
1965:Santiniketan
1858:, retrieved
1838:
1825:, retrieved
1805:
1792:. Retrieved
1772:
1759:, retrieved
1739:
1724:, retrieved
1704:
1690:
1674:
1648:
1636:. Retrieved
1632:the original
1622:
1610:. Retrieved
1590:
1578:
1566:
1554:
1542:
1530:
1511:
1499:. Retrieved
1479:
1460:
1440:
1433:
1413:
1406:
1394:. Retrieved
1363:. Retrieved
1354:
1345:
1337:the original
1327:
1318:
1306:
1295:the original
1290:
1286:
1258:
1250:
1246:
1221:
1196:. Retrieved
1181:
1174:
1162:. Retrieved
1147:
1133:Mamallapuram
1105:
1096:
1084:
1078:
1037:Shore Temple
1030:Cave Temples
993:
987:
981:
976:
937:
933:
923:
900:
895:Shore Temple
758:mm (inches)
483:
468:
459:Shore Temple
432:
412:Theodosius I
407:
396:
381:, survives.
379:Shore Temple
355:Mamallapuram
354:
344:
342:
325:Shore Temple
318:
296:
263:
260:Mamallapuram
259:
258:
161:Chengalpattu
88:Mamallapuram
52:Mamallapuram
36:Mamallapuram
26:
2245:Kumbhalgarh
2235:Gagron Fort
952:bas-reliefs
948:Vaishnavism
939:Mahabharata
930:rock relief
435:Mahabharata
420:Kanchipuram
408:Nirppeyyaru
404:Tondai Nadu
400:Kanchipuram
333:British Raj
315:rock relief
122: /
2307:Categories
1860:18 October
1827:18 October
1794:18 October
1761:18 October
1726:18 October
1664:References
1638:1 November
1549:, p. 16-17
1501:23 October
1396:23 October
1164:18 January
1093:Demography
1012:Yudhishtra
915:Tamil Nadu
371:Marco Polo
323:, and the
276:Tamil Nadu
183:Population
167:Founded by
149:Tamil Nadu
110:80°11′40″E
107:12°37′11″N
2292:^part of
2225:Amer Fort
2061:Northeast
2039:Taj Mahal
1993:Agra Fort
1573:, p. 33-4
1561:, p. 30-1
1537:, p. 12-3
1365:5 October
880:Landmarks
465:Transport
424:Sri Lanka
339:Etymology
335:in 1827.
212:Time zone
196:Languages
175:Elevation
1854:archived
1821:archived
1788:Archived
1755:archived
1720:archived
1603:Archived
1519:Archived
1492:Archived
1468:Archived
1390:Archived
1359:Archived
1198:21 March
1158:Archived
1136:Archived
1024:Draupadi
1020:Sahadeva
1000:Pandavas
956:Shaivism
944:Shaktism
754:Average
451:chariots
311:mandapas
217:UTC+5:30
156:District
1913:Central
1612:10 June
1585:, p. 30
1583:C. 2004
1571:C. 2004
1559:C. 2004
1547:C. 2004
1535:C. 2004
1311:C. 2004
1263:C. 2004
911:Chennai
823:(47.9)
813:(12.3)
749:(75.1)
744:(69.4)
739:(72.3)
734:(75.4)
729:(77.2)
724:(77.9)
719:(79.2)
714:(80.8)
709:(81.7)
704:(78.1)
699:(72.3)
694:(68.7)
689:(67.6)
679:(83.1)
674:(76.3)
669:(78.4)
664:(82.4)
659:(85.5)
654:(86.4)
649:(87.4)
644:(90.0)
639:(90.7)
634:(86.0)
629:(81.0)
624:(77.7)
619:(75.7)
609:(91.3)
604:(83.3)
599:(84.7)
594:(89.6)
589:(93.7)
584:(94.8)
579:(95.9)
574:(99.3)
569:(99.7)
564:(93.9)
559:(89.8)
554:(86.7)
549:(84.0)
480:Climate
455:granite
447:mandapa
416:Pallava
402:of the
385:History
351:Ptolemy
292:Chennai
135:Country
1846:
1813:
1780:
1747:
1712:
1681:
1448:
1421:
1313:, p. 3
1265:, p. 3
1234:
1189:
1102:Events
1058:Vishnu
1046:Other
1022:) and
1016:Nakula
1004:Arjuna
964:Vishnu
818:(7.0)
808:(9.4)
803:(4.5)
798:(4.9)
793:(3.6)
788:(2.4)
783:(2.2)
778:(0.4)
773:(0.2)
768:(0.2)
763:(0.8)
500:Month
307:rathas
234:603104
191:15,172
2089:South
1985:North
1606:(PDF)
1599:(PDF)
1495:(PDF)
1488:(PDF)
1298:(PDF)
1283:(PDF)
1110:Notes
1008:Bhima
960:Shiva
934:ratha
919:India
821:1,219
539:Year
474:TNSTC
406:port
329:Shiva
272:state
253:TN-19
243:91–44
205:Tamil
144:State
138:India
2177:West
1941:East
1862:2020
1844:ISBN
1829:2020
1811:ISBN
1796:2020
1778:ISBN
1763:2020
1745:ISBN
1728:2020
1710:ISBN
1679:ISBN
1640:2008
1614:2012
1503:2012
1446:ISBN
1419:ISBN
1398:2012
1367:2015
1232:ISBN
1200:2024
1187:ISBN
1166:2019
1077:The
1035:The
1018:and
946:and
747:23.9
742:20.8
737:22.4
732:24.1
727:25.1
722:25.5
717:26.2
712:27.1
707:27.6
702:25.6
697:22.4
692:20.4
687:19.8
677:28.4
672:24.6
667:25.8
662:28.0
657:29.7
652:30.2
647:30.8
642:32.2
637:32.6
632:30.0
627:27.2
622:25.4
617:24.3
607:32.9
602:28.5
597:29.3
592:32.0
587:34.3
582:34.9
577:35.5
572:37.4
567:37.6
562:34.4
557:32.1
552:30.4
547:28.9
536:Dec
533:Nov
530:Oct
527:Sep
524:Aug
521:Jul
518:Jun
515:May
512:Apr
509:Mar
506:Feb
503:Jan
472:and
317:the
1228:399
986:or
954:of
867:71
864:10
861:15
858:13
816:178
811:313
806:240
801:114
796:124
470:MTC
274:of
229:PIN
221:IST
2309::
1852:,
1819:,
1786:.
1753:,
1718:,
1673::
1375:^
1357:.
1353:.
1291:86
1289:.
1285:.
1270:^
1230:.
1208:^
1156:.
1117:^
1014:,
1010:,
1006:,
974:.
942:,
921:.
917:,
913:,
855:8
852:8
849:6
846:4
843:3
840:2
837:1
834:1
831:2
791:92
786:62
781:55
776:11
761:20
294:.
2136:^
2020:^
1951:^
1897:e
1890:t
1883:v
1832:.
1798:.
1766:.
1731:.
1685:.
1656:.
1642:.
1616:.
1505:.
1454:.
1427:.
1400:.
1369:.
1240:.
1202:.
1168:.
1060:.
1002:(
771:4
766:6
223:)
219:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
