733:
1015:
724:
823:
868:
859:
89:
691:
850:
832:
778:
805:
359:
877:
787:
814:
715:
25:
700:
760:
918:, where upon the death of a member of the community, they were ritually dismembered and consumed by other members of the group, with their skulls being used to create skull cups. At other Magdalenian sites primary burial with no evidence of cannibalism is observed, with a handful of sites showing alternating evidence of cannibalism and primary burial at different occupation layers. At sites with primary burial, genetic analysis of these individuals indicate that they are more closely related to the people of the
751:
742:
610:
796:
886:
583:
673:
619:
601:
2340:
592:
841:
769:
634:
449:
664:
516:
655:
646:
682:
952:
dark skin tone compared to modern
Europeans. A 2023 study proposed that relative to earlier Western European Cro-Magnon related groups like Goyet Q116-1-related Aurignacian and the Western Gravettian associated Fournol cluster, the Goyet-Q2-related Magdalenians appear to have carried significant (~30% ancestry) from the
951:
who inhabited France and Spain prior to the Last
Glacial Maximum. The 15,000 year old GoyetQ2 individual from Goyet Caves is often used as a proxy for Magdalenian ancestry. Analysis of genomes of GoyetQ2-related Magdalenians suggest that like earlier Cro-Magnon groups, they probably had a relatively
456:
Debate continues about the nature of the earliest
Magdalenian assemblages, and it remains questionable whether the Badegoulian culture is the earliest phase of Magdalenian culture. Similarly, finds from the forest of Beauregard near Paris have been suggested as belonging to the earliest Magdalenian.
429:
The
Magdalenian is divided into six phases generally agreed to have chronological significance (Magdalenian I through VI, I being the earliest and VI being the latest). The earliest phases are recognised by the varying proportion of blades and specific varieties of scrapers, the middle phases marked
998:
cluster (which predominantly descended from the
Villabruna cluster, with possible ancestry related to the Goyet-Q2 cluster), expanded northwards across the Alps, largely replacing the Goyet-Q2 cluster associated Magdalenian groups in Western Europe. In France and Spain, significant GoyetQ2-related
479:
By the end of the
Magdalenian, lithic technology shows a pronounced trend toward increased microlithisation. The bone harpoons and points have the most distinctive chronological markers within the typological sequence. As well as flint tools, Magdalenians are known for their elaborate worked bone,
2006:
Brunel, Samantha; Bennett, E. Andrew; Cardin, Laurent; Garraud, Damien; Barrand Emam, Hélène; Beylier, Alexandre; Boulestin, Bruno; Chenal, Fanny; Ciesielski, Elsa; Convertini, Fabien; Dedet, Bernard; Desbrosse-Degobertiere, Stéphanie; Desenne, Sophie; Dubouloz, Jerôme; Duday, Henri (2020-06-09).
2226:
Villalba-Mouco, Vanessa; van de
Loosdrecht, Marieke S.; Posth, Cosimo; Mora, Rafael; MartĂnez-Moreno, Jorge; Rojo-Guerra, Manuel; Salazar-GarcĂa, Domingo C.; Royo-GuillĂ©n, JosĂ© I.; Kunst, Michael; Rougier, HĂ©lène; Crevecoeur, Isabelle; Arcusa-MagallĂłn, HĂ©ctor; Tejedor-RodrĂguez, Cristina;
2150:
Charlton, Sophy; Brace, Selina; Hajdinjak, Mateja; Kearney, Rebecca; Booth, Thomas; Reade, Hazel; Tripp, Jennifer A.; Sayle, Kerry L.; Grimm, Sonja B.; Bello, Silvia M.; Walker, Elizabeth A.; Gilardet, Alexandre; East, Philip; Glocke, Isabelle; Larson, Greger (2022-10-24).
938:
Cluster in Iberia, have shown close relationship to a population who had lived in
Northern Europe some 20,000 years previously. The analyses suggested that 70-80% of the ancestry of these individuals was from the population represented by Goyet Q116-1, associated with the
914:. Cannibalism has been suggested at a dozen other Magadelian sites across the culture's geographic range, representing 25% of all Magdalenian sites, far more than any other European Paleolithic culture. It has been suggested that Magdalenian peoples practiced a form of
2406:
Conkey, M.W.; Beltrán, A.; Clark, G.A.; Echegaray, J.G.; Guenther, M.G.; Hahn, J.; Hayden, B.; Paddayya, K.; Straus, L.G.; Valoch, K. (October 1980). "The
Identification of Prehistoric Hunter-Gatherer Aggregation Sites: The Case of Altamira ".
366:
The
Magdalenian is represented by numerous sites, whose contents show progress in arts and culture. It was characterized by a cold and dry climate, humans in association with the reindeer, and the extinction of the
491:
The sea shells and fossils found in Magdalenian sites may be sourced to relatively precise areas and have been used to support hypotheses of Magdalenian hunter-gatherer seasonal ranges, and perhaps trade routes.
319:
Magdalenian peoples produced a wide variety of art, including figurines and cave paintings. Evidence has been found suggesting that Magdalenian peoples regularly engaged in (probably ritualistic)
526:
The best of Magdalenian artworks are a mammoth engraved on a fragment of its own ivory; a dagger of reindeer antler, with a handle in the form of a reindeer; a cave-bear cut on a flat piece of
2643:
732:
1014:
1659:
Russo, Gabriele; Milks, Annemieke; Leder, Dirk; Koddenberg, Tim; Starkovich, Britt M.; Duval, M.; Zhao, J.-X.; Darga, Robert; Rosendahl, Wilfried; Terberger, Thomas (2023-10-12).
2369:
Charles, Ruth (1996). "Back into the North: the Radiocarbon Evidence for the Human Recolonisation of the North-Western Ardennes after the Last Glacial Maximum".
956:(thought to be of southeastern European origin, and sharing affinities to West Asian peoples not found in earlier European hunter-gatherers) associated with the
4571:
1713:
534:, trees, and a snake biting a man's leg. The man is naked, which, together with the snake, suggests a warm climate in spite of the presence of the reindeer.
4057:
284:. The culture was geographically widespread, and later Magdalenian sites stretched from Portugal in the west to Poland in the east, and as far north as
2647:
2696:
2136:
4454:
4195:
3791:
2551:
Housley, R.A.; Gamble, C.S.; Street, M.; Pettitt, P. (1997). "Radiocarbon evidence for the Lateglacial Human Recolonisation of Northern Europe".
2671:, Libor Balák at the Czech Academy of Sciences, the Institute of Archaeology in Brno, The Center for Paleolithic and Paleoethnological Research
503:
techno-complex. It has been suggested that key Late-glacial sites in south-western Britain may be attributed to Magdalenian culture, including
4561:
2355:
4586:
4410:
3919:
523:
Bones, reindeer antlers and animal teeth display pictures carved or etched on them of seals, fish, reindeer, mammoths and other creatures.
4581:
4566:
2360:
4576:
4242:
3693:
541:
cave, an 18-inch clay statue of two bison sculpted in relief was discovered in the deepest room, now known as the Room of the Bisons.
4591:
530:; a seal on a bear's tooth; a fish drawn on a reindeer antler; and a complete picture, also on reindeer antler, showing horses, an
342:, who had retreated to southwestern Europe during the LGM. Madgalenian peoples were largely replaced and in some areas absorbed by
723:
822:
867:
2461:
1618:
1536:
1327:
476:. As hunter gatherers, Magdalenians did not re-settle permanently in northwest Europe, instead following herds and seasons.
461:
is a similar culture appearing at the same time. Its known range extends from southeast France to the western shores of the
2689:
468:
The later phases of Magdalenian culture are contemporaneous with the human re-settlement of north-western Europe after the
858:
1346:
902:
retouched, possibly to make the broken edges more regular. This manipulation suggests the shaping of skulls to produce
2664:
548:, and intricately engraved projectile points, as well as items of personal adornment including sea shells, perforated
4556:
3820:
2726:
68:
46:
272:
hunters, although Magdalenian sites contain extensive evidence for the hunting of red deer, horses, and other large
39:
4027:
3914:
2590:
Reliquae Aquitanicae: being contributions to the archaeology of PĂ©rigord and adjoining provinces of Southern France
699:
4439:
3830:
2868:
2682:
1493:
232:
690:
2533:
1894:"Upper Palaeolithic ritualistic cannibalism at Gough's Cave (Somerset, UK): The human remains from head to toe"
1892:
Bello, Silvia M.; SaladiĂ©, Palmira; Cáceres, Isabel; RodrĂguez-Hidalgo, Antonio; Parfitt, Simon A. (May 2015).
4052:
3582:
2842:
2910:
4047:
3587:
3060:
1560:
375:, increased, making the period essentially a bone period. Bone instruments are quite varied: spear-points,
330:
Genetic studies indicate that the Magdalenian peoples were largely descended from earlier Western European
88:
2736:
849:
3013:
988:
984:
571:
has been suggested to be an agglomeration site where groups of Magdalenian hunter-gatherers congregated.
831:
452:
Magdalenian people dwelt in tents such as this one of Pincevent (France) that dates to 12,000 years ago.
4315:
4116:
1946:"Cannibalism and burial in the late Upper Palaeolithic: Combining archaeological and genetic evidence"
777:
4121:
3936:
1529:
1259:
1171:
2208:
4310:
3402:
2947:
347:
33:
3474:
3469:
898:
Some skulls were cleaned of soft tissues, then had the facial regions removed, with the remaining
804:
485:
4427:
4337:
3509:
3276:
3095:
3028:
2760:
2228:
1945:
1893:
1431:
1031:
995:
923:
618:
1830:
Bello, Silvia M.; Parfitt, Simon A.; Stringer, Chris B.; Petraglia, Michael (16 February 2011).
947:
in modern Belgium. It has also been found that Magdalenians are also closely related to western
4515:
4389:
3995:
3886:
3874:
3570:
3311:
3150:
2787:
2721:
2705:
2597:
de Sonneville-Bordes, D.; Perrot, J. (1956). "Lexique typologique du Paléolithique supérieur".
1008:
906:. Finds of defleshed (as evidenced by cut marks) and cracked bones with human chewing marks at
394:, and other cold weather specialists. Magdalenian humans appear to have been of short stature,
212:
50:
2209:"Scientists Sequence Genomes of Prehistoric Hunter-Gatherers from Different Eurasian Cultures"
876:
358:
4254:
4190:
4064:
3757:
3683:
3457:
3452:
3390:
3329:
3266:
3214:
3207:
2753:
2130:
1565:
1486:
1308:
1290:
3639:
786:
4551:
4520:
4471:
4466:
4449:
4444:
4422:
4212:
3926:
3779:
3671:
3575:
3368:
3053:
2852:
2795:
2486:
2281:
2092:
2020:
1957:
1905:
1843:
1522:
980:
915:
633:
473:
469:
339:
140:
3023:
1793:
8:
4510:
4175:
3980:
3813:
3346:
3219:
3100:
3075:
1660:
1406:
1284:
940:
926:
than to the Magdalenians that practiced cannibalism (who belong to the GoyetQ2 cluster).
714:
500:
281:
261:
2490:
2285:
2096:
2024:
1961:
1909:
1847:
1661:"First direct evidence of lion hunting and the early use of a lion pelt by Neanderthals"
1096:
4461:
4364:
4266:
4079:
3261:
2991:
2957:
2576:
2507:
2472:
2432:
2394:
2310:
2269:
2185:
2113:
2078:
2051:
2009:"Ancient genomes from present-day France unveil 7,000 years of its demographic history"
2008:
1866:
1831:
1418:
1187:
953:
813:
538:
191:
182:
1340:
4503:
4493:
4483:
4432:
4089:
4007:
3301:
3286:
3271:
3251:
3142:
3121:
2932:
2775:
2614:
2580:
2568:
2539:
2529:
2512:
2457:
2436:
2424:
2398:
2386:
2315:
2297:
2190:
2172:
2152:
2118:
2056:
2038:
1921:
1871:
1738:
1688:
1680:
1570:
1555:
1450:
1424:
1376:
1239:
1153:
1109:
968:
911:
320:
216:
116:
1970:
249:
4498:
4405:
4148:
3931:
3731:
3651:
3607:
3407:
3229:
3080:
3040:
2606:
2560:
2502:
2494:
2477:
2449:
2416:
2378:
2305:
2289:
2248:
2240:
2180:
2164:
2108:
2100:
2083:
2046:
2028:
1965:
1913:
1861:
1851:
1672:
1550:
1473:
1314:
1265:
1250:
1198:
1126:
1122:
705:
504:
431:
150:
3990:
3946:
1626:
935:
759:
4379:
4349:
4111:
4039:
4017:
3975:
3870:
3840:
3705:
3700:
3351:
3234:
2805:
2668:
2453:
1917:
1856:
1400:
1296:
972:
907:
564:
289:
204:
2229:"Survival of Late Pleistocene Hunter-Gatherer Ancestry in the Iberian Peninsula"
750:
741:
495:
In northern Spain and south-west France this tool culture was superseded by the
4488:
4415:
4237:
4202:
4133:
4022:
3894:
3602:
3187:
3177:
2998:
2979:
2293:
2168:
2104:
1676:
1455:
1444:
411:
395:
305:
224:
106:
2564:
2382:
2244:
1364:
4545:
4374:
4359:
4305:
4283:
4180:
4168:
4084:
3953:
3835:
3796:
3784:
3772:
3484:
3395:
3324:
3065:
3008:
2986:
2895:
2827:
2822:
2800:
2618:
2572:
2428:
2390:
2364:. Vol. 17 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 283–284.
2351:
2346:
2301:
2176:
2079:"Palaeogenomics of Upper Palaeolithic to Neolithic European hunter-gatherers"
2042:
1705:
1684:
1499:
1461:
1388:
957:
919:
609:
458:
343:
253:
94:
2915:
2033:
885:
795:
4293:
4249:
4230:
4185:
3985:
3909:
3666:
3661:
3617:
3244:
3126:
3090:
3070:
2922:
2900:
2812:
2661:
2610:
2543:
2516:
2319:
2270:"Dual ancestries and ecologies of the Late Glacial Palaeolithic in Britain"
2194:
2153:"Dual ancestries and ecologies of the Late Glacial Palaeolithic in Britain"
2122:
2060:
1925:
1875:
1794:"15,000-Year-Old Bison Sculptures Are Perfectly Preserved in a French Cave"
1692:
899:
568:
154:
93:
Distribution of Magdalenian sites in Europe (pink) along with those of the
4342:
582:
430:
by the emergence of a microlithic component (particularly the distinctive
227:. They date from around 17,000 to 12,000 years ago. It is named after the
4332:
4322:
4278:
4273:
4225:
4163:
4126:
4099:
4000:
3970:
3845:
3767:
3688:
3676:
3437:
3422:
3412:
3383:
3341:
3224:
3172:
3105:
2942:
2817:
2674:
1352:
1084:
1019:
944:
462:
391:
268:
of the type site, publishing in 1875. The Magdalenian is associated with
265:
2498:
2253:
2225:
4476:
4369:
4327:
4143:
4106:
4069:
3965:
3552:
3464:
3291:
3192:
3165:
3085:
2883:
2837:
2748:
2716:
2444:
Enloe, J. (2001). "Magdalenian". In Peregrine, P.N.; Ember, M. (eds.).
1811:
1512:
1370:
1334:
1207:
1165:
1000:
948:
672:
434:
399:
387:
383:
338:
that were present in Western Europe over 30,000 years ago prior to the
335:
331:
301:
220:
120:
4384:
4153:
4138:
3736:
3721:
3646:
3629:
3547:
3432:
3373:
3363:
3358:
3281:
3160:
3048:
2974:
2741:
2731:
2662:
Picture Gallery of the Paleolithic (reconstructional palaeoethnology)
2227:
GarcĂa-MartĂnez de Lagrán, Iñigo; Garrido-Pena, Rafael (April 2019).
1761:
1719:
1438:
1382:
1358:
1219:
1147:
1056:
1004:
903:
600:
549:
372:
324:
228:
168:
135:
1891:
840:
768:
591:
97:(red). Distribution of the Magdalenian in southern Britain not shown
4158:
4094:
3941:
3899:
3634:
3542:
3417:
3239:
3202:
3182:
2420:
1479:
1467:
1320:
1278:
1092:
560:
545:
423:
313:
309:
269:
243:
2345:
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
371:. The use of bone and ivory as implements, begun in the preceding
300:. Besides La Madeleine, the chief stations of the Magdalenian are
4220:
4012:
3958:
3904:
3726:
3532:
3442:
3296:
3197:
3155:
3018:
2937:
2890:
2878:
1412:
1302:
1225:
1213:
1159:
1141:
1135:
1071:
1042:) in European sites, according to timeline and climate evolution.
1007:, with some Neolithic individuals in France and Spain largely of
910:, England suggests that the Magdalenian peoples there engaged in
624:
556:
531:
496:
448:
415:
376:
368:
293:
273:
178:
158:
1978:
663:
4288:
3825:
3803:
3656:
3592:
3537:
2927:
2905:
2873:
2847:
2076:
1272:
527:
499:
culture. In northern Europe it was followed by variants of the
285:
277:
240:
236:
654:
645:
515:
484:
that served both functional and aesthetic purposes, including
4354:
4074:
3808:
3762:
3624:
3479:
3427:
3003:
2969:
2471:
Fu, Q.; Posth, C.; Hajdinjak, M.; et al. (May 2, 2016).
2149:
1829:
976:
964:
567:
in Spain, with its extensive and varied forms of Magdalenian
481:
419:
297:
4300:
4261:
3741:
3597:
3527:
3447:
3319:
2832:
2405:
1817:
681:
437:), and the later phases by the presence of uniserial (phase
2596:
2550:
2005:
1767:
1725:
235:, a rock shelter located in the Vézère valley, commune of
3612:
3378:
3336:
1658:
418:. Magdalenian tool culture is characterised by regular
410:
The culture spans from approximately 17,000 to 12,000
544:
Examples of Magdalenian portable art include batons,
2470:
1984:
1749:
382:
The fauna of the Magdalenian seems to have included
2644:"Pictures and description of the La Madeleine site"
1773:
457:The earliest Magdalenian sites are in France. The
1944:Marsh, William A; Bello, Silvia (November 2023).
4543:
2268:Charlton, Sophy; Brace, Selina (November 2022).
1640:
2013:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
1792:<Madeleine Muzdakis> (January 26, 2021).
559:contain the best known examples of Magdalenian
398:, with a low retreating forehead and prominent
2599:Bulletin de la Société préhistorique de France
1011:descent showing significant GoyetQ2 ancestry.
4572:Archaeological cultures in the Czech Republic
2690:
2587:
2267:
1530:
2135:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
552:teeth (presumably necklaces), and fossils.
2704:
2697:
2683:
2448:. Boston, MA: Springer. pp. 198–209.
1943:
1832:"Earliest Directly-Dated Human Skull-Cups"
1537:
1523:
87:
2523:
2506:
2309:
2252:
2184:
2112:
2050:
2032:
1969:
1865:
1855:
1755:
350:ancestry at the end of the Pleistocene.
69:Learn how and when to remove this message
16:Upper Paleolithic and Mesolithic cultures
2350:
2077:Posth, C., Yu, H., Ghalichi, A. (2023).
1013:
893:
514:
447:
357:
32:This article includes a list of general
2473:"The genetic history of Ice Age Europe"
2368:
1779:
1593:
1591:
264:). They conducted the first systematic
4544:
2625:
2553:Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society
2371:Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society
1739:"Pincevent; a prehistoric site museum"
1726:de Sonneville-Bordes & Perrot 1956
3868:
3507:
2773:
2678:
2443:
2072:
2070:
2001:
1999:
1997:
1995:
1993:
1939:
1937:
1935:
1887:
1885:
1646:
934:The genes of seven Magdalenians, the
4562:Upper Paleolithic cultures of Europe
3869:
1588:
465:, Russia, with many sites in Italy.
414:, toward the end of the most recent
18:
4587:Archaeological cultures in Portugal
1710:World Prehistory in New Perspective
967:included two samples of haplogroup
445:6) made of bone, antler and ivory.
379:-heads, borers, hooks and needles.
13:
4582:Archaeological cultures in Germany
4567:Archaeological cultures in Belgium
2067:
1990:
1932:
1882:
1347:Lincombian-Ranisian-Jerzmanowician
1034:(WHG) Villabruna ancestry (orange
348:Villabruna/Western Hunter Gatherer
38:it lacks sufficient corresponding
14:
4603:
4577:Archaeological cultures in France
3821:Megalithic architectural elements
2636:
2630:. University of New Mexico Press.
2592:. London: Williams & Norgate.
2526:The Initial Magdalenian in France
519:Antler carving, France, 15,000 BC
441:5) and biserial 'harpoons' (phase
353:
316:and others in south-west France.
4592:Archaeological cultures in Spain
3508:
2588:Lartet, E.; Christy, H. (1875).
2338:
1791:
994:Around 14-12,000 years ago, the
884:
875:
866:
857:
848:
839:
830:
821:
812:
803:
794:
785:
776:
767:
758:
749:
740:
731:
722:
713:
698:
689:
680:
671:
662:
653:
644:
632:
617:
608:
599:
590:
581:
23:
4440:Evolutionary origin of religion
2330:
2261:
2219:
2201:
2143:
1971:10.1016/j.quascirev.2023.108309
1823:
1785:
2274:Nature Ecology & Evolution
2157:Nature Ecology & Evolution
1731:
1712:, p. 108, 1977, Cambridge UP,
1699:
1652:
1611:
1036:
1:
4053:Art of the Middle Paleolithic
3583:British megalith architecture
2626:Straus, Lawrence Guy (1992).
1576:
1246:
1194:
1116:
1024:
943:of about 35,000 BP, from the
405:
256:originally termed the period
4048:Art of the Upper Paleolithic
3588:Nordic megalith architecture
2646:. 2009-03-01. Archived from
2454:10.1007/978-1-4615-1187-8_16
1918:10.1016/j.jhevol.2015.02.016
1857:10.1371/journal.pone.0017026
1604:
1561:Art of the Upper Paleolithic
1018:Transition from Magdalenian
999:ancestry persisted into the
983:, including five samples of
308:, and Gorges d'Enfer in the
7:
1046:
929:
10:
4608:
4196:British Isles and Brittany
4117:Gwion Gwion rock paintings
2628:Iberia Before the Iberians
2446:Encyclopedia of Prehistory
2294:10.1038/s41559-022-01883-z
2169:10.1038/s41559-022-01883-z
2105:10.1038/s41586-023-05726-0
1950:Quaternary Science Reviews
1898:Journal of Human Evolution
1677:10.1038/s41598-023-42764-0
1597:Dates given vary somewhat.
574:
189:
4398:
4211:
4038:
3885:
3881:
3864:
3750:
3714:
3563:
3520:
3516:
3503:
3310:
3141:
3114:
3039:
2965:
2956:
2861:
2786:
2782:
2774:
2769:
2712:
2565:10.1017/s0079497x0000236x
2383:10.1017/s0079497x00002711
2245:10.1016/j.cub.2019.02.006
2091:(2 March 2023): 117–126.
1260:Initial Upper Paleolithic
1068:
1061:
1053:
362:Magdalenian cave painting
174:
164:
146:
134:
126:
112:
102:
86:
4557:Industries (archaeology)
2524:Hemingway, M.F. (1980).
1581:
916:funerary endocannibalism
130:c. 17,000 – c. 12,000 BP
4428:Evolutionary musicology
3831:Oldest extant buildings
3758:Archaeological features
3277:Prepared-core technique
2361:Encyclopædia Britannica
2034:10.1073/pnas.1918034117
1623:Les Eyzies Tourist Info
1032:Western Hunter Gatherer
996:Western Hunter-Gatherer
422:industries struck from
312:; Grotte du Placard in
53:more precise citations.
4390:Unchambered long cairn
4238:Mound Builders culture
3571:Neolithic architecture
2706:Prehistoric technology
2611:10.3406/bspf.1956.3357
1066:17,000–9,000 BP
1043:
520:
510:
453:
363:
280:toward the end of the
4065:List of Stone Age art
3267:Microblade technology
3215:Langdale axe industry
2813:Ard / plough
1566:List of Stone Age art
1017:
1009:Early European Farmer
963:The three samples of
894:Treatment of the dead
639:Lascaux cave painting
518:
451:
361:
323:along with producing
4472:Prehistoric medicine
4467:Prehistoric counting
4450:Prehistoric religion
4445:Paleolithic religion
4423:Behavioral modernity
3780:Causewayed enclosure
3672:Abri de la Madeleine
2796:Neolithic Revolution
2409:Current Anthropology
1716:, ISBN 9780521291781
474:Late Glacial Maximum
470:Last Glacial Maximum
346:producing groups of
340:Last Glacial Maximum
141:Abri de la Madeleine
4511:Prehistoric warfare
3257:Magdalenian culture
3220:Levallois technique
3151:Earliest toolmaking
2499:10.1038/nature17993
2491:2016Natur.534..200F
2286:2022NatEE...6.1658C
2239:(7): 1169–1177.e7.
2097:2023Natur.615..117P
2025:2020PNAS..11712791B
2019:(23): 12791–12798.
1962:2023QSRv..31908309M
1910:2015JHumE..82..170B
1848:2011PLoSO...617026B
1768:Housley et al. 1997
941:Aurignacian culture
555:Cave sites such as
282:last glacial period
262:Age of the Reindeer
83:
4462:Origin of language
4455:Spiritual drug use
4365:Rectangular dolmen
4267:Dartmoor kistvaens
4080:Carved stone balls
3792:Circular enclosure
3751:Other architecture
3694:Alp pile dwellings
3282:Solutrean industry
3193:Gravettian culture
2843:Secondary products
2667:2017-06-14 at the
1818:Conkey et al. 1980
1665:Scientific Reports
1188:Middle Paleolithic
1044:
987:and one sample of
971:and one sample of
954:Villabruna cluster
924:Villabruna cluster
521:
454:
364:
192:Prehistoric Europe
183:Ahrensburg culture
103:Geographical range
81:
4539:
4538:
4535:
4534:
4531:
4530:
4484:Prehistoric music
4433:music archaeology
4090:Cup and ring mark
3915:Clothing/textiles
3860:
3859:
3856:
3855:
3499:
3498:
3495:
3494:
3302:Yubetsu technique
3287:Striking platform
3252:Lithic technology
3137:
3136:
3122:Game drive system
3041:Projectile points
2933:Mortar and pestle
2485:(7606): 200–205.
2463:978-1-4684-7131-1
2280:(11): 1658–1668.
2163:(11): 1658–1668.
1619:"The Magdalenian"
1571:Haplogroup I-M170
1556:Swimming Reindeer
1547:
1546:
1240:Upper Paleolithic
1110:Lower Paleolithic
1078:
1077:
1069:Succeeded by
1041:
1029:
975:. All samples of
486:perforated batons
217:Upper Paleolithic
188:
187:
117:Upper Paleolithic
79:
78:
71:
4599:
4499:Divje Babe flute
4406:Archaeoastronomy
4149:Petrosomatoglyph
3883:
3882:
3866:
3865:
3715:Water management
3518:
3517:
3505:
3504:
3408:Denticulate tool
3230:Lithic reduction
2963:
2962:
2784:
2783:
2771:
2770:
2699:
2692:
2685:
2676:
2675:
2658:
2656:
2655:
2631:
2622:
2593:
2584:
2547:
2520:
2510:
2467:
2440:
2402:
2365:
2344:
2342:
2341:
2324:
2323:
2313:
2265:
2259:
2258:
2256:
2223:
2217:
2216:
2205:
2199:
2198:
2188:
2147:
2141:
2140:
2134:
2126:
2116:
2074:
2065:
2064:
2054:
2036:
2003:
1988:
1982:
1976:
1975:
1973:
1941:
1930:
1929:
1889:
1880:
1879:
1869:
1859:
1827:
1821:
1815:
1809:
1808:
1806:
1804:
1789:
1783:
1777:
1771:
1765:
1759:
1753:
1747:
1746:
1735:
1729:
1723:
1717:
1703:
1697:
1696:
1656:
1650:
1644:
1638:
1637:
1635:
1634:
1625:. Archived from
1615:
1598:
1595:
1551:Magdalenian Girl
1539:
1532:
1525:
1266:Fertile Crescent
1254:
1248:
1202:
1196:
1130:
1121:
1118:
1080:
1079:
1054:Preceded by
1051:
1050:
1040:
1039:
1035:
1028:
1027:
1023:
1022:ancestry (green
888:
879:
870:
861:
852:
843:
834:
825:
816:
807:
798:
789:
780:
771:
762:
753:
744:
735:
726:
717:
702:
693:
684:
675:
666:
657:
648:
636:
621:
612:
603:
594:
585:
444:
440:
334:groups like the
151:Cave of Altamira
91:
84:
80:
74:
67:
63:
60:
54:
49:this article by
40:inline citations
27:
26:
19:
4607:
4606:
4602:
4601:
4600:
4598:
4597:
4596:
4542:
4541:
4540:
4527:
4394:
4380:Stone box grave
4350:Megalithic tomb
4255:Cotswold-Severn
4207:
4112:Guardian stones
4040:Prehistoric art
4034:
3877:
3852:
3841:Timber trackway
3746:
3710:
3706:Wattle and daub
3559:
3538:Standing stones
3512:
3491:
3306:
3133:
3110:
3035:
2952:
2862:Food processing
2857:
2806:New World crops
2778:
2765:
2708:
2703:
2669:Wayback Machine
2653:
2651:
2642:
2639:
2634:
2536:
2464:
2354:, ed. (1911). "
2339:
2337:
2333:
2328:
2327:
2266:
2262:
2233:Current Biology
2224:
2220:
2215:. 2 March 2023.
2207:
2206:
2202:
2148:
2144:
2128:
2127:
2075:
2068:
2004:
1991:
1983:
1979:
1942:
1933:
1890:
1883:
1828:
1824:
1816:
1812:
1802:
1800:
1790:
1786:
1778:
1774:
1766:
1762:
1754:
1750:
1737:
1736:
1732:
1724:
1720:
1704:
1700:
1657:
1653:
1645:
1641:
1632:
1630:
1617:
1616:
1612:
1607:
1602:
1601:
1596:
1589:
1584:
1579:
1543:
1506:
1505:
1361:(41,000-37,000)
1341:Châtelperronian
1255:
1244:
1242:
1232:
1231:
1203:
1192:
1190:
1180:
1179:
1150:(1.76–0.13 Ma)
1131:
1119:
1114:
1112:
1074:
1065:
1059:
1049:
1037:
1030:, Goyet Q2) to
1025:
932:
896:
889:
880:
871:
862:
853:
844:
835:
826:
817:
808:
799:
790:
781:
772:
763:
754:
745:
736:
727:
718:
709:
703:
694:
685:
676:
667:
658:
649:
640:
637:
628:
622:
613:
604:
595:
586:
577:
539:Tuc d'Audoubert
513:
442:
438:
408:
396:dolichocephalic
356:
290:Channel Islands
199:cultures (also
194:
119:
98:
75:
64:
58:
55:
45:Please help to
44:
28:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4605:
4595:
4594:
4589:
4584:
4579:
4574:
4569:
4564:
4559:
4554:
4537:
4536:
4533:
4532:
4529:
4528:
4526:
4525:
4524:
4523:
4513:
4508:
4507:
4506:
4501:
4496:
4491:
4489:Alligator drum
4481:
4480:
4479:
4469:
4464:
4459:
4458:
4457:
4452:
4447:
4437:
4436:
4435:
4425:
4420:
4419:
4418:
4416:lunar calendar
4413:
4402:
4400:
4399:Other cultural
4396:
4395:
4393:
4392:
4387:
4382:
4377:
4372:
4367:
4362:
4357:
4352:
4347:
4346:
4345:
4340:
4330:
4325:
4320:
4319:
4318:
4313:
4303:
4298:
4297:
4296:
4286:
4281:
4276:
4271:
4270:
4269:
4259:
4258:
4257:
4247:
4246:
4245:
4235:
4234:
4233:
4228:
4217:
4215:
4209:
4208:
4206:
4205:
4203:Venus figurine
4200:
4199:
4198:
4193:
4183:
4178:
4173:
4172:
4171:
4166:
4156:
4151:
4146:
4141:
4136:
4134:Megalithic art
4131:
4130:
4129:
4124:
4114:
4109:
4104:
4103:
4102:
4092:
4087:
4085:Cave paintings
4082:
4077:
4072:
4067:
4062:
4061:
4060:
4050:
4044:
4042:
4036:
4035:
4033:
4032:
4031:
4030:
4025:
4015:
4010:
4005:
4004:
4003:
3998:
3993:
3988:
3983:
3978:
3968:
3963:
3962:
3961:
3951:
3950:
3949:
3944:
3934:
3929:
3924:
3923:
3922:
3912:
3907:
3902:
3897:
3891:
3889:
3887:Material goods
3879:
3878:
3862:
3861:
3858:
3857:
3854:
3853:
3851:
3850:
3849:
3848:
3838:
3833:
3828:
3823:
3818:
3817:
3816:
3806:
3801:
3800:
3799:
3789:
3788:
3787:
3777:
3776:
3775:
3765:
3760:
3754:
3752:
3748:
3747:
3745:
3744:
3739:
3734:
3729:
3724:
3718:
3716:
3712:
3711:
3709:
3708:
3703:
3698:
3697:
3696:
3686:
3681:
3680:
3679:
3674:
3669:
3659:
3654:
3649:
3644:
3643:
3642:
3632:
3627:
3622:
3621:
3620:
3610:
3605:
3603:Cliff dwelling
3600:
3595:
3590:
3585:
3580:
3579:
3578:
3567:
3565:
3561:
3560:
3558:
3557:
3556:
3555:
3550:
3545:
3535:
3530:
3524:
3522:
3514:
3513:
3501:
3500:
3497:
3496:
3493:
3492:
3490:
3489:
3488:
3487:
3477:
3472:
3467:
3462:
3461:
3460:
3450:
3445:
3440:
3435:
3430:
3425:
3420:
3415:
3410:
3405:
3400:
3399:
3398:
3388:
3387:
3386:
3381:
3371:
3366:
3361:
3356:
3355:
3354:
3344:
3339:
3334:
3333:
3332:
3322:
3316:
3314:
3308:
3307:
3305:
3304:
3299:
3294:
3289:
3284:
3279:
3274:
3269:
3264:
3259:
3254:
3249:
3248:
3247:
3242:
3237:
3227:
3222:
3217:
3212:
3211:
3210:
3200:
3195:
3190:
3188:Fire hardening
3185:
3180:
3178:Clovis culture
3175:
3170:
3169:
3168:
3163:
3158:
3147:
3145:
3139:
3138:
3135:
3134:
3132:
3131:
3130:
3129:
3118:
3116:
3112:
3111:
3109:
3108:
3103:
3101:Manis Mastodon
3098:
3093:
3088:
3083:
3078:
3073:
3068:
3063:
3058:
3057:
3056:
3045:
3043:
3037:
3036:
3034:
3033:
3032:
3031:
3026:
3021:
3016:
3011:
3001:
2996:
2995:
2994:
2984:
2983:
2982:
2980:throwing stick
2972:
2966:
2960:
2954:
2953:
2951:
2950:
2945:
2940:
2935:
2930:
2925:
2920:
2919:
2918:
2913:
2903:
2898:
2893:
2888:
2887:
2886:
2876:
2871:
2865:
2863:
2859:
2858:
2856:
2855:
2850:
2845:
2840:
2835:
2830:
2825:
2820:
2815:
2810:
2809:
2808:
2803:
2792:
2790:
2780:
2779:
2767:
2766:
2764:
2763:
2758:
2757:
2756:
2746:
2745:
2744:
2739:
2734:
2729:
2724:
2713:
2710:
2709:
2702:
2701:
2694:
2687:
2679:
2673:
2672:
2659:
2638:
2637:External links
2635:
2633:
2632:
2623:
2605:(7): 408–412.
2594:
2585:
2548:
2534:
2521:
2468:
2462:
2441:
2421:10.1086/202540
2415:(5): 609–630.
2403:
2366:
2352:Chisholm, Hugh
2334:
2332:
2329:
2326:
2325:
2260:
2218:
2200:
2142:
2066:
1989:
1985:Fu et al. 2016
1977:
1931:
1881:
1822:
1810:
1784:
1772:
1760:
1756:Hemingway 1980
1748:
1730:
1718:
1706:Clark, Grahame
1698:
1651:
1639:
1609:
1608:
1606:
1603:
1600:
1599:
1586:
1585:
1583:
1580:
1578:
1575:
1574:
1573:
1568:
1563:
1558:
1553:
1545:
1544:
1542:
1541:
1534:
1527:
1519:
1516:
1515:
1508:
1507:
1504:
1503:
1497:
1484:
1483:
1477:
1471:
1465:
1459:
1453:
1448:
1445:Iberomaurusian
1442:
1429:
1428:
1422:
1416:
1410:
1404:
1403:(15.5–13.1 ka)
1398:
1392:
1386:
1380:
1374:
1368:
1362:
1356:
1350:
1344:
1338:
1325:
1324:
1323:(12.2–10.8 ka)
1318:
1317:(14.5–11.5 ka)
1312:
1306:
1300:
1294:
1288:
1282:
1276:
1263:
1262:
1256:
1238:
1237:
1234:
1233:
1230:
1229:
1223:
1217:
1211:
1204:
1186:
1185:
1182:
1181:
1178:
1177:
1176:
1175:
1169:
1163:
1157:
1145:
1139:
1132:
1108:
1107:
1104:
1103:
1088:
1087:
1076:
1075:
1070:
1067:
1060:
1055:
1048:
1045:
931:
928:
895:
892:
891:
890:
883:
881:
874:
872:
865:
863:
856:
854:
847:
845:
838:
836:
829:
827:
820:
818:
811:
809:
802:
800:
793:
791:
784:
782:
775:
773:
766:
764:
757:
755:
748:
746:
739:
737:
730:
728:
721:
719:
712:
710:
704:
697:
695:
688:
686:
679:
677:
670:
668:
661:
659:
652:
650:
643:
641:
638:
631:
629:
623:
616:
614:
607:
605:
598:
596:
589:
587:
580:
576:
573:
563:. The site of
512:
509:
407:
404:
355:
354:Period biology
352:
306:Laugerie-Basse
258:L'âge du renne
250:Édouard Lartet
225:western Europe
186:
185:
176:
172:
171:
166:
162:
161:
148:
144:
143:
138:
132:
131:
128:
124:
123:
114:
110:
109:
107:Western Europe
104:
100:
99:
92:
77:
76:
31:
29:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4604:
4593:
4590:
4588:
4585:
4583:
4580:
4578:
4575:
4573:
4570:
4568:
4565:
4563:
4560:
4558:
4555:
4553:
4550:
4549:
4547:
4522:
4519:
4518:
4517:
4514:
4512:
4509:
4505:
4502:
4500:
4497:
4495:
4492:
4490:
4487:
4486:
4485:
4482:
4478:
4475:
4474:
4473:
4470:
4468:
4465:
4463:
4460:
4456:
4453:
4451:
4448:
4446:
4443:
4442:
4441:
4438:
4434:
4431:
4430:
4429:
4426:
4424:
4421:
4417:
4414:
4412:
4409:
4408:
4407:
4404:
4403:
4401:
4397:
4391:
4388:
4386:
4383:
4381:
4378:
4376:
4375:Simple dolmen
4373:
4371:
4368:
4366:
4363:
4361:
4360:Passage grave
4358:
4356:
4353:
4351:
4348:
4344:
4341:
4339:
4336:
4335:
4334:
4331:
4329:
4326:
4324:
4321:
4317:
4314:
4312:
4309:
4308:
4307:
4306:Gallery grave
4304:
4302:
4299:
4295:
4292:
4291:
4290:
4287:
4285:
4282:
4280:
4277:
4275:
4272:
4268:
4265:
4264:
4263:
4260:
4256:
4253:
4252:
4251:
4248:
4244:
4241:
4240:
4239:
4236:
4232:
4229:
4227:
4224:
4223:
4222:
4221:Burial mounds
4219:
4218:
4216:
4214:
4210:
4204:
4201:
4197:
4194:
4192:
4189:
4188:
4187:
4184:
4182:
4181:Statue menhir
4179:
4177:
4174:
4170:
4169:Stone carving
4167:
4165:
4162:
4161:
4160:
4157:
4155:
4152:
4150:
4147:
4145:
4142:
4140:
4137:
4135:
4132:
4128:
4125:
4123:
4120:
4119:
4118:
4115:
4113:
4110:
4108:
4105:
4101:
4098:
4097:
4096:
4093:
4091:
4088:
4086:
4083:
4081:
4078:
4076:
4073:
4071:
4068:
4066:
4063:
4059:
4056:
4055:
4054:
4051:
4049:
4046:
4045:
4043:
4041:
4037:
4029:
4026:
4024:
4021:
4020:
4019:
4016:
4014:
4011:
4009:
4008:Sewing needle
4006:
4002:
3999:
3997:
3994:
3992:
3989:
3987:
3984:
3982:
3979:
3977:
3974:
3973:
3972:
3969:
3967:
3964:
3960:
3957:
3956:
3955:
3952:
3948:
3945:
3943:
3940:
3939:
3938:
3935:
3933:
3930:
3928:
3925:
3921:
3918:
3917:
3916:
3913:
3911:
3908:
3906:
3903:
3901:
3898:
3896:
3893:
3892:
3890:
3888:
3884:
3880:
3876:
3872:
3867:
3863:
3847:
3844:
3843:
3842:
3839:
3837:
3836:Timber circle
3834:
3832:
3829:
3827:
3824:
3822:
3819:
3815:
3812:
3811:
3810:
3807:
3805:
3802:
3798:
3795:
3794:
3793:
3790:
3786:
3785:Tor enclosure
3783:
3782:
3781:
3778:
3774:
3773:fulacht fiadh
3771:
3770:
3769:
3766:
3764:
3761:
3759:
3756:
3755:
3753:
3749:
3743:
3740:
3738:
3735:
3733:
3730:
3728:
3725:
3723:
3720:
3719:
3717:
3713:
3707:
3704:
3702:
3699:
3695:
3692:
3691:
3690:
3687:
3685:
3682:
3678:
3675:
3673:
3670:
3668:
3665:
3664:
3663:
3660:
3658:
3655:
3653:
3650:
3648:
3645:
3641:
3638:
3637:
3636:
3633:
3631:
3628:
3626:
3623:
3619:
3616:
3615:
3614:
3611:
3609:
3606:
3604:
3601:
3599:
3596:
3594:
3591:
3589:
3586:
3584:
3581:
3577:
3574:
3573:
3572:
3569:
3568:
3566:
3562:
3554:
3551:
3549:
3546:
3544:
3541:
3540:
3539:
3536:
3534:
3531:
3529:
3526:
3525:
3523:
3519:
3515:
3511:
3506:
3502:
3486:
3483:
3482:
3481:
3478:
3476:
3473:
3471:
3468:
3466:
3463:
3459:
3456:
3455:
3454:
3451:
3449:
3446:
3444:
3441:
3439:
3436:
3434:
3431:
3429:
3426:
3424:
3421:
3419:
3416:
3414:
3411:
3409:
3406:
3404:
3401:
3397:
3394:
3393:
3392:
3389:
3385:
3382:
3380:
3377:
3376:
3375:
3372:
3370:
3367:
3365:
3362:
3360:
3357:
3353:
3350:
3349:
3348:
3345:
3343:
3340:
3338:
3335:
3331:
3328:
3327:
3326:
3323:
3321:
3318:
3317:
3315:
3313:
3309:
3303:
3300:
3298:
3295:
3293:
3290:
3288:
3285:
3283:
3280:
3278:
3275:
3273:
3270:
3268:
3265:
3263:
3260:
3258:
3255:
3253:
3250:
3246:
3243:
3241:
3238:
3236:
3233:
3232:
3231:
3228:
3226:
3223:
3221:
3218:
3216:
3213:
3209:
3206:
3205:
3204:
3201:
3199:
3196:
3194:
3191:
3189:
3186:
3184:
3181:
3179:
3176:
3174:
3171:
3167:
3164:
3162:
3159:
3157:
3154:
3153:
3152:
3149:
3148:
3146:
3144:
3140:
3128:
3125:
3124:
3123:
3120:
3119:
3117:
3113:
3107:
3104:
3102:
3099:
3097:
3094:
3092:
3089:
3087:
3084:
3082:
3079:
3077:
3074:
3072:
3069:
3067:
3064:
3062:
3059:
3055:
3052:
3051:
3050:
3047:
3046:
3044:
3042:
3038:
3030:
3027:
3025:
3022:
3020:
3017:
3015:
3012:
3010:
3009:spear-thrower
3007:
3006:
3005:
3002:
3000:
2997:
2993:
2990:
2989:
2988:
2987:Bow and arrow
2985:
2981:
2978:
2977:
2976:
2973:
2971:
2968:
2967:
2964:
2961:
2959:
2955:
2949:
2946:
2944:
2941:
2939:
2936:
2934:
2931:
2929:
2926:
2924:
2921:
2917:
2914:
2912:
2909:
2908:
2907:
2904:
2902:
2899:
2897:
2896:Grinding slab
2894:
2892:
2889:
2885:
2882:
2881:
2880:
2877:
2875:
2872:
2870:
2867:
2866:
2864:
2860:
2854:
2851:
2849:
2846:
2844:
2841:
2839:
2836:
2834:
2831:
2829:
2828:Domestication
2826:
2824:
2823:Digging stick
2821:
2819:
2816:
2814:
2811:
2807:
2804:
2802:
2801:Founder crops
2799:
2798:
2797:
2794:
2793:
2791:
2789:
2785:
2781:
2777:
2772:
2768:
2762:
2759:
2755:
2752:
2751:
2750:
2747:
2743:
2742:New Stone Age
2740:
2738:
2735:
2733:
2730:
2728:
2725:
2723:
2720:
2719:
2718:
2715:
2714:
2711:
2707:
2700:
2695:
2693:
2688:
2686:
2681:
2680:
2677:
2670:
2666:
2663:
2660:
2650:on 2009-03-01
2649:
2645:
2641:
2640:
2629:
2624:
2620:
2616:
2612:
2608:
2604:
2600:
2595:
2591:
2586:
2582:
2578:
2574:
2570:
2566:
2562:
2558:
2554:
2549:
2545:
2541:
2537:
2531:
2527:
2522:
2518:
2514:
2509:
2504:
2500:
2496:
2492:
2488:
2484:
2480:
2479:
2474:
2469:
2465:
2459:
2455:
2451:
2447:
2442:
2438:
2434:
2430:
2426:
2422:
2418:
2414:
2410:
2404:
2400:
2396:
2392:
2388:
2384:
2380:
2376:
2372:
2367:
2363:
2362:
2357:
2353:
2348:
2347:public domain
2336:
2335:
2321:
2317:
2312:
2307:
2303:
2299:
2295:
2291:
2287:
2283:
2279:
2275:
2271:
2264:
2255:
2250:
2246:
2242:
2238:
2234:
2230:
2222:
2214:
2210:
2204:
2196:
2192:
2187:
2182:
2178:
2174:
2170:
2166:
2162:
2158:
2154:
2146:
2138:
2132:
2124:
2120:
2115:
2110:
2106:
2102:
2098:
2094:
2090:
2086:
2085:
2080:
2073:
2071:
2062:
2058:
2053:
2048:
2044:
2040:
2035:
2030:
2026:
2022:
2018:
2014:
2010:
2002:
2000:
1998:
1996:
1994:
1986:
1981:
1972:
1967:
1963:
1959:
1955:
1951:
1947:
1940:
1938:
1936:
1927:
1923:
1919:
1915:
1911:
1907:
1903:
1899:
1895:
1888:
1886:
1877:
1873:
1868:
1863:
1858:
1853:
1849:
1845:
1842:(2): e17026.
1841:
1837:
1833:
1826:
1819:
1814:
1799:
1798:My Modern Met
1795:
1788:
1781:
1776:
1769:
1764:
1757:
1752:
1744:
1740:
1734:
1727:
1722:
1715:
1711:
1707:
1702:
1694:
1690:
1686:
1682:
1678:
1674:
1670:
1666:
1662:
1655:
1648:
1643:
1629:on 2021-01-18
1628:
1624:
1620:
1614:
1610:
1594:
1592:
1587:
1572:
1569:
1567:
1564:
1562:
1559:
1557:
1554:
1552:
1549:
1548:
1540:
1535:
1533:
1528:
1526:
1521:
1520:
1518:
1517:
1514:
1510:
1509:
1501:
1500:Afontova Gora
1498:
1495:
1494:Mal'ta–Buret'
1492:
1491:
1490:
1488:
1481:
1478:
1475:
1472:
1469:
1466:
1463:
1460:
1457:
1454:
1452:
1449:
1446:
1443:
1440:
1437:
1436:
1435:
1433:
1426:
1423:
1420:
1417:
1414:
1411:
1408:
1405:
1402:
1399:
1396:
1393:
1390:
1389:Epigravettian
1387:
1384:
1381:
1378:
1375:
1372:
1369:
1366:
1363:
1360:
1357:
1354:
1351:
1348:
1345:
1342:
1339:
1336:
1333:
1332:
1331:
1329:
1322:
1319:
1316:
1313:
1310:
1307:
1304:
1301:
1298:
1295:
1292:
1289:
1286:
1283:
1280:
1277:
1274:
1271:
1270:
1269:
1267:
1261:
1258:
1257:
1252:
1241:
1236:
1235:
1227:
1224:
1221:
1218:
1215:
1212:
1209:
1206:
1205:
1200:
1189:
1184:
1183:
1173:
1170:
1167:
1164:
1161:
1158:
1155:
1152:
1151:
1149:
1146:
1143:
1140:
1137:
1134:
1133:
1128:
1124:
1111:
1106:
1105:
1101:
1100:
1094:
1090:
1089:
1086:
1082:
1081:
1073:
1064:
1058:
1052:
1033:
1021:
1016:
1012:
1010:
1006:
1002:
997:
992:
990:
986:
982:
978:
974:
970:
966:
961:
959:
958:Epigravettian
955:
950:
946:
942:
937:
927:
925:
921:
920:Epigravettian
917:
913:
909:
905:
901:
887:
882:
878:
873:
869:
864:
860:
855:
851:
846:
842:
837:
833:
828:
824:
819:
815:
810:
806:
801:
797:
792:
788:
783:
779:
774:
770:
765:
761:
756:
752:
747:
743:
738:
734:
729:
725:
720:
716:
711:
708:cave painting
707:
701:
696:
692:
687:
683:
678:
674:
669:
665:
660:
656:
651:
647:
642:
635:
630:
627:cave painting
626:
620:
615:
611:
606:
602:
597:
593:
588:
584:
579:
578:
572:
570:
569:mobiliary art
566:
562:
558:
553:
551:
547:
542:
540:
535:
533:
529:
524:
517:
508:
506:
505:Kent's Cavern
502:
498:
493:
489:
487:
483:
477:
475:
471:
466:
464:
460:
459:Epigravettian
450:
446:
436:
433:
427:
425:
421:
417:
413:
403:
401:
397:
393:
389:
385:
380:
378:
374:
370:
360:
351:
349:
345:
344:Epigravettian
341:
337:
333:
328:
326:
322:
317:
315:
311:
307:
303:
299:
295:
291:
287:
283:
279:
275:
271:
267:
263:
259:
255:
254:Henry Christy
251:
247:
245:
242:
238:
234:
230:
226:
222:
218:
214:
210:
206:
202:
198:
193:
184:
180:
177:
173:
170:
167:
163:
160:
156:
152:
149:
145:
142:
139:
137:
133:
129:
125:
122:
118:
115:
111:
108:
105:
101:
96:
95:Epigravettian
90:
85:
73:
70:
62:
52:
48:
42:
41:
35:
30:
21:
20:
4316:wedge-shaped
4301:Funeral pyre
4294:Great dolmen
4250:Chamber tomb
4231:Round barrow
4186:Stone circle
4058:Blombos Cave
3986:Grooved ware
3910:Chalcolithic
3814:Thornborough
3732:Flush toilet
3667:Blombos Cave
3662:Rock shelter
3618:Quiggly hole
3510:Architecture
3485:illustration
3256:
3127:Buffalo jump
2948:Storage pits
2911:Aşıklı Höyük
2901:Ground stone
2737:Subdivisions
2652:. Retrieved
2648:the original
2627:
2602:
2598:
2589:
2556:
2552:
2525:
2482:
2476:
2445:
2412:
2408:
2374:
2370:
2359:
2331:Bibliography
2277:
2273:
2263:
2254:10261/208851
2236:
2232:
2221:
2212:
2203:
2160:
2156:
2145:
2131:cite journal
2088:
2082:
2016:
2012:
1980:
1953:
1949:
1901:
1897:
1839:
1835:
1825:
1813:
1801:. Retrieved
1797:
1787:
1780:Charles 1996
1775:
1763:
1751:
1742:
1733:
1721:
1709:
1701:
1668:
1664:
1654:
1642:
1631:. Retrieved
1627:the original
1622:
1613:
1485:
1430:
1409:(14–12.8 ka)
1394:
1343:(44.5–36 ka)
1326:
1305:(18–12.5 ka)
1264:
1174:(400–220 ka)
1168:(424–400 ka)
1162:(500–130 ka)
1144:(2.6–1.7 Ma)
1098:
1063:Magdalenian
1062:
993:
979:belonged to
962:
933:
908:Gough's Cave
897:
554:
543:
536:
525:
522:
494:
490:
478:
467:
455:
432:denticulated
428:
409:
392:arctic hares
388:arctic foxes
381:
365:
329:
318:
257:
248:
246:department.
233:La Madeleine
211:) are later
208:
200:
196:
195:
155:Kents Cavern
65:
56:
37:
4552:Magdalenian
4338:unchambered
4333:Long barrow
4323:Grave goods
4279:Court cairn
4274:Clava cairn
4226:Bowl barrow
4164:Rock cupule
4107:Golden hats
4100:Hill figure
4001:Unstan ware
3981:Cord-marked
3846:Sweet Track
3768:Burnt mound
3689:Stilt house
3677:Sibudu Cave
3470:Tally stick
3438:Quern-stone
3423:Hammerstone
3413:Fire plough
3384:Pesse canoe
3342:Bannerstone
3312:Other tools
3225:Lithic core
3173:Aurignacian
3061:Bare Island
2943:Quern-stone
1904:: 170–189.
1803:January 29,
1407:Federmesser
1395:Magdalenian
1365:PĂ©rigordian
1353:Aurignacian
1291:Aurignacian
1285:Baradostian
1228:(130–10 ka)
1222:(130–70 ka)
1216:(145–20 ka)
1210:(160–40 ka)
1085:Paleolithic
949:Gravettians
945:Goyet Caves
912:cannibalism
480:antler and
472:during the
463:Volga River
400:brow ridges
336:Gravettians
321:cannibalism
276:present in
266:excavations
209:Magdalénien
197:Magdalenian
175:Followed by
165:Preceded by
147:Major sites
82:Magdalenian
51:introducing
4546:Categories
4477:trepanning
4370:Ring cairn
4328:Jar burial
4311:transepted
4243:U.S. sites
4144:Petroglyph
4070:Bird stone
4028:wine press
3701:Stone roof
3684:Roundhouse
3576:long house
3553:Stonehenge
3521:Ceremonial
3465:Stone tool
3292:Tool stone
3262:Metallurgy
3166:Mousterian
3143:Toolmaking
3081:Cumberland
3054:Transverse
3024:Schöningen
2916:Qesem cave
2884:Earth oven
2838:Irrigation
2749:Technology
2717:Prehistory
2654:2019-09-28
2535:0860541045
2356:Madelenian
1956:: 108309.
1647:Enloe 2001
1633:2019-09-28
1577:References
1513:Mesolithic
1502:(21–12 ka}
1496:(24–15 ka)
1470:(15–11 ka)
1464:(15—11 ka)
1458:(22–14 ka)
1447:(25–11 ka)
1441:(42–18 ka)
1421:(13–12 ka)
1419:Ahrensburg
1415:(14–10 ka)
1397:(17–12 ka)
1391:(20–10 ka)
1385:(22–17 ka)
1379:(29–25 ka)
1373:(33–24 ka)
1371:Gravettian
1367:(35–20 ka)
1355:(43–26 ka)
1349:(43–32 ka)
1337:(48–40 ka)
1335:Bohunician
1309:Trialetian
1299:(20–10 ka)
1293:(35–29 ka)
1287:(36–18 ka)
1281:(46–42 ka)
1275:(50–40 ka)
1208:Mousterian
1166:Clactonian
1120: 3.3
1001:Mesolithic
904:skull cups
900:brain case
501:Tjongerian
435:microliths
406:Chronology
386:reindeer,
384:cave lions
332:Cro-Magnon
325:skull cups
302:Les Eyzies
221:Mesolithic
201:Madelenian
190:See also:
121:Mesolithic
34:references
4521:symbolism
4385:Tor cairn
4343:Grønsalen
4284:Cremation
4176:Sculpture
4154:Pictogram
4139:Petroform
3959:amber use
3927:Cosmetics
3737:Reservoir
3722:Check dam
3652:Pueblitos
3647:Pit-house
3630:Longhouse
3564:Dwellings
3433:Microlith
3364:Bow drill
3359:Bone tool
3352:prismatic
3161:Acheulean
3076:Cresswell
3049:Arrowhead
2975:Boomerang
2891:Granaries
2853:Terracing
2732:Stone Age
2619:0037-9514
2581:130323509
2573:0079-497X
2559:: 25–54.
2528:. B.A.R.
2437:145367811
2429:0011-3204
2399:128580542
2391:0079-497X
2302:2397-334X
2177:2397-334X
2043:0027-8424
1685:2045-2322
1671:: 16405.
1605:Footnotes
1482:(10–8 ka)
1476:(15–5 ka)
1451:Mushabian
1439:Khormusan
1427:(11–8 ka)
1425:Swiderian
1383:Solutrean
1377:Pavlovian
1359:Szeletian
1311:(16–8 ka)
1220:Micoquien
1154:Madrasian
1148:Acheulean
1057:Solutrean
1005:Neolithic
550:carnivore
546:figurines
424:carinated
373:Solutrean
229:type site
169:Solutrean
136:Type site
4159:Rock art
4122:painting
4095:Geoglyph
3920:timeline
3900:Beadwork
3640:Mehrgarh
3635:Mudbrick
3543:megalith
3418:Fire-saw
3240:debitage
3235:analysis
3203:Hand axe
3183:Cupstone
2761:Glossary
2722:Timeline
2665:Archived
2517:27135931
2377:: 1–17.
2320:36280785
2213:Sci.News
2195:36280785
2123:36859578
2061:32457149
1926:25887278
1876:21359211
1836:PLOS ONE
1693:37828055
1480:Magosian
1468:Sebilian
1321:Khiamian
1315:Natufian
1279:Ahmarian
1172:Mugharan
1156:(1.5 Ma)
1138:(3.3 Ma)
1093:Pliocene
1047:See also
936:El Miron
930:Genetics
922:culture/
706:Altamira
565:Altamira
561:cave art
314:Charente
310:Dordogne
270:reindeer
244:Dordogne
241:France's
213:cultures
59:May 2021
4516:Symbols
4127:pigment
4013:Weaving
3976:Cardium
3971:Pottery
3966:Mirrors
3954:Jewelry
3895:Baskets
3875:culture
3727:Cistern
3533:Pyramid
3475:Weapons
3453:Scraper
3443:Racloir
3403:Cleaver
3391:Chopper
3297:Uniface
3208:Grooves
3198:Hafting
3156:Oldowan
3115:Systems
3066:Cascade
3029:woomera
3019:harpoon
2992:history
2958:Hunting
2938:Pottery
2879:Cooking
2788:Farming
2754:history
2727:Outline
2544:7368169
2508:4943878
2487:Bibcode
2349::
2311:9630104
2282:Bibcode
2186:9630104
2114:9977688
2093:Bibcode
2052:7293694
2021:Bibcode
1958:Bibcode
1906:Bibcode
1867:3040189
1844:Bibcode
1487:Siberia
1474:Eburran
1413:Azilian
1401:Hamburg
1303:Kebaran
1297:Zarzian
1226:Sangoan
1214:Aterian
1197:300–50
1160:Soanian
1142:Oldowan
1136:Lomekwi
1097:before
1072:Azilian
1038:
1026:
625:Lascaux
575:Gallery
557:Lascaux
537:In the
532:aurochs
497:Azilian
426:cores.
416:ice age
377:harpoon
369:mammoth
294:England
274:mammals
215:of the
179:Azilian
159:Lascaux
47:improve
4494:flutes
4289:Dolmen
4213:Burial
4023:winery
3996:Linear
3826:Midden
3804:Cursus
3797:Goseck
3657:Pueblo
3608:Dugout
3593:Burdei
3272:Mining
3096:Lamoka
3091:Folsom
3071:Clovis
2928:Metate
2906:Hearth
2874:Basket
2848:Sickle
2617:
2579:
2571:
2542:
2532:
2515:
2505:
2478:Nature
2460:
2435:
2427:
2397:
2389:
2343:
2318:
2308:
2300:
2193:
2183:
2175:
2121:
2111:
2084:Nature
2059:
2049:
2041:
1924:
1874:
1864:
1743:UNESCO
1714:google
1691:
1683:
1456:Halfan
1432:Africa
1328:Europe
1273:Emiran
1249:50–12
1243:
1191:
1125:– 300
1113:
528:schist
443:
439:
296:, and
288:, the
286:France
278:Europe
237:Tursac
205:French
113:Period
36:, but
4411:sites
4355:Mummy
4075:Cairn
3991:JĹŤmon
3942:shoes
3937:Hides
3809:Henge
3763:Broch
3625:Jacal
3480:Wheel
3428:Knife
3374:Canoe
3369:Burin
3347:Blade
3245:flake
3106:Plano
3014:baton
3004:Spear
2970:Arrow
2923:Manos
2776:Tools
2577:S2CID
2433:S2CID
2395:S2CID
1582:Notes
1462:Qadan
1020:Goyet
977:mtDNA
965:Y-DNA
482:ivory
420:blade
298:Wales
260:(the
239:, in
127:Dates
4504:gudi
4262:Cist
4191:list
4018:Wine
3947:Ă–tzi
3932:Glue
3905:Beds
3873:and
3871:Arts
3742:Well
3598:Cave
3528:Kiva
3458:side
3448:Rope
3396:tool
3330:bone
3320:Adze
3086:Eden
2999:Nets
2869:Fire
2833:Goad
2818:Celt
2615:ISSN
2569:ISSN
2540:OCLC
2530:ISBN
2513:PMID
2458:ISBN
2425:ISSN
2387:ISSN
2316:PMID
2298:ISSN
2191:PMID
2173:ISSN
2137:link
2119:PMID
2057:PMID
2039:ISSN
1922:PMID
1872:PMID
1805:2021
1689:PMID
1681:ISSN
1099:Homo
1083:The
1003:and
973:HIJK
252:and
219:and
3613:Hut
3548:row
3379:Oar
3337:Axe
3325:Awl
2607:doi
2561:doi
2503:PMC
2495:doi
2483:534
2450:doi
2417:doi
2379:doi
2358:".
2306:PMC
2290:doi
2249:hdl
2241:doi
2181:PMC
2165:doi
2109:PMC
2101:doi
2089:615
2047:PMC
2029:doi
2017:117
1966:doi
1954:319
1914:doi
1862:PMC
1852:doi
1673:doi
989:U5b
985:U8b
511:Art
231:of
223:in
4548::
2613:.
2603:53
2601:.
2575:.
2567:.
2557:63
2555:.
2538:.
2511:.
2501:.
2493:.
2481:.
2475:.
2456:.
2431:.
2423:.
2413:21
2411:.
2393:.
2385:.
2375:62
2373:.
2314:.
2304:.
2296:.
2288:.
2276:.
2272:.
2247:.
2237:29
2235:.
2231:.
2211:.
2189:.
2179:.
2171:.
2159:.
2155:.
2133:}}
2129:{{
2117:.
2107:.
2099:.
2087:.
2081:.
2069:^
2055:.
2045:.
2037:.
2027:.
2015:.
2011:.
1992:^
1964:.
1952:.
1948:.
1934:^
1920:.
1912:.
1902:82
1900:.
1896:.
1884:^
1870:.
1860:.
1850:.
1838:.
1834:.
1796:.
1741:.
1708:,
1687:.
1679:.
1669:13
1667:.
1663:.
1621:.
1590:^
1511:↓
1489::
1434::
1330::
1268::
1251:ka
1247:c.
1199:ka
1195:c.
1127:ka
1123:Ma
1117:c.
1091:↑
991:.
960:.
507:.
488:.
412:BP
402:.
390:,
327:.
304:,
292:,
207::
203:;
181:,
157:,
153:,
2698:e
2691:t
2684:v
2657:.
2621:.
2609::
2583:.
2563::
2546:.
2519:.
2497::
2489::
2466:.
2452::
2439:.
2419::
2401:.
2381::
2322:.
2292::
2284::
2278:6
2257:.
2251::
2243::
2197:.
2167::
2161:6
2139:)
2125:.
2103::
2095::
2063:.
2031::
2023::
1987:.
1974:.
1968::
1960::
1928:.
1916::
1908::
1878:.
1854::
1846::
1840:6
1820:.
1807:.
1782:.
1770:.
1758:.
1745:.
1728:.
1695:.
1675::
1649:.
1636:.
1538:e
1531:t
1524:v
1253:)
1245:(
1201:)
1193:(
1129:)
1115:(
1102:)
1095:(
981:U
969:I
72:)
66:(
61:)
57:(
43:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
