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1464:
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27:
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genetic results of the new study show categorically that there was no significant connection between the Lagoa Santa people and groups from Africa or
Australia. So the hypothesis that Luzia's people derived from a migratory wave prior to the ancestors of today's Amerindians has been disproved. On the contrary, the DNA shows that Luzia's people were entirely Amerindian."
240:
burned, according to officials, but firefighters later discovered a human skull within the burned museum. On
October 19, 2018 it was announced that the Luzia skull was indeed found, but in a fragmented state. 80% of the fragments were identified as being part of the frontal (forehead and nose), side,
396:
features was created in 1999. André Strauss of the Max Planck
Institute, one of the authors of the Journal Science article remarked "However, skull shape isn't a reliable marker of ancestrality or geographic origin. Genetics is the best basis for this type of inference," Strauss explained. "The
217:, Brazil. The remains were not articulated. The skull, which was separated from the rest of the skeleton but was in surprisingly good condition, was buried under more than forty feet (12 meters) of mineral deposits and debris. There were no other human remains at the site.
405:
Luzia stood just under five feet (1.5 m) tall; about one-third of her skeleton has been recovered. Her remains seem to indicate that she died when she was approximately 20 years old, either in an accident or as the result of an animal attack. She was a member of a group of
380:, the results showed that Luzia was genetically entirely Amerindian. It was published in the journal Cell article (November 8, 2018), a paper in the journal Science from an affiliated team also reported new findings on fossil DNA from the first migrants to the Americas.
1218:"Estudo contradiz teoria de povoamento da América e sugere que rosto de Luzia era diferente do que se pensava (Research contradicts the theory of the occupation of the Americas and suggests that the Luzia's face was different from what was previously thought)"
957:
Adachi N.; Shinoda K.; Umetsu K. & Matsumura H. (2009), "Mitochondrial DNA analysis of Jomon skeletons from the
Funadomari site, Hokkaido, and its implication for the origins of Native American, Am J Phys Anthropol. 2010 Mar;141(3):504-5",
330:
Neves' conclusions have been challenged by research done by anthropologists
Rolando González-José, Frank Williams, and William Armelagos, who have shown in their studies that the craniofacial variability could just be due to
383:
Lagoa Santa remains from a site nearby to the Luzia remains carry DNA regarded as Native
American. Two of the Lagoa Santa individuals carry the same mtDNA haplogroup (D4h3a) also carried by older 12,000+ remains
1217:
176:
that destroyed the museum on
September 2, 2018. On October 19, 2018, it was announced that most of Luzia's remains were identified from the Museu Nacional debris, which allowed them to rebuild part of her
1107:
González-José R, Bortolini MC, Santos FR, Bonatto SL (October 2008). "The peopling of
America: craniofacial shape variation on a continental scale and its interpretation from an interdisciplinary view".
1191:
311:
Neves and other
Brazilian anthropologists theorized that Luzia's Paleo-Indian predecessors lived in South East Asia for tens of thousands of years after migrating from Africa and began arriving in the
3587:
838:
688:
570:
3582:
434:
245:
that also belonged to the fossil and was stored. A part of the box that contained Luzia's skull was also recovered. The reassembly of the bones has not yet been undertaken.
592:
3489:
1740:
1405:
618:
925:
3592:
2077:
1448:
1438:
1325:
Neves, W. A.; Hubbe, M. (December 20, 2005). "Cranial morphology of early
Americans from Lagoa Santa, Brazil: Implications for the settlement of the New World".
3597:
3577:
710:
419:
388:
found in Montana, mtDNA haplogroup A2, B2, C1d1 and three of the Lagoa Santa individuals harbor the same Y chromosome haplogroup Q1b1a1a1-M848 as found in the
3484:
1701:
1696:
1478:
424:
3743:
3549:
789:
1000:
3602:
3572:
1398:
280:
Her facial features included a narrow, oval cranium, projecting face and pronounced chin, strikingly dissimilar to most Native Americans and their
233:
have determined that Luzia died in her early 20s. Although flint tools were found nearby, hers were the only human remains found in Vermelha Cave.
3464:
2110:
3733:
3449:
1964:
765:
3753:
2426:
2049:
2008:
1853:
1391:
1713:
1708:
323:
migrated in boats along the Kuril island chain, the Beringian coast and down the west coast of the Americas during the decline of the
3454:
2015:
1766:
641:
3718:
2458:
3542:
225:
In 2013, testing of the charcoal recovered from the stratum with Luzia's bones date the remains at an age of 10,030 ± 60 14C yr
315:
as early as 15,000 years ago. The oldest confirmed date for an archaeosite in the Americas is 18,500 and 14,500 cal BP for the
1774:
1162:
3685:
2446:
1839:
1735:
3360:
2475:
1974:
1969:
934:
358:
357:
by studies resumed in a laboratory of the National Institute of Technology (INT) by master's and doctoral students of the
3419:
2470:
2348:
1994:
1849:
1673:
534:
3738:
3535:
3474:
2453:
2092:
1834:
1663:
1414:
327:. In 1998, Neves and archaeologist André Prous studied and dated 11,400 years for the skull of Luzia after naming her.
258:
1029:
van Vark GN, Kuizenga D, Williams FL (June 2003). "Kennewick and Luzia: lessons from the European Upper Paleolithic".
3748:
3413:
2482:
1691:
3234:
2923:
1784:
1165:[Survivors: skulls of extinct Indians of Central Brazil indicate link with the first settlers of America].
3690:
3304:
2934:
2616:
2431:
2042:
1917:
1862:
1824:
1804:
1484:
1377:
1163:"Os sobreviventes: Crânios de índios extintos do Brasil Central indicam elo com primeiros povoadores da América"
3728:
3396:
3239:
2087:
1979:
1907:
1897:
1882:
1809:
1650:
173:
3375:
2651:
593:"O crânio de Luzia, a mais antiga habitante das Américas, pode ter desaparecido no incêndio do Museu Nacional"
468:
3385:
2626:
2130:
1912:
1887:
1867:
1814:
1008:
544:
281:
3696:
3401:
927:
From Asia to the Americas by boat? Paleogeography, paleoecology, and stemmed points of the northwest Pacific
814:
3763:
3479:
3407:
3371:
2441:
1892:
1872:
1829:
1819:
1779:
253:
1192:"Pesquisadores recriam parte do acervo do Museu Nacional, incluindo o crânio de Luzia, com impressoras 3D"
3073:
2945:
2531:
2273:
2082:
1937:
1877:
1626:
1570:
1443:
3758:
3678:
3644:
3300:
3184:
3027:
2035:
1902:
1064:
Fiedel, Stuart J. (2004). "The Kennewick Follies: 'New' Theories about the Peopling of the Americas".
365:
305:
3558:
1491:
339:
273:
237:
169:
32:
1311:
3007:
2611:
2536:
2413:
2388:
2102:
1565:
229:(11,243–11,710 cal BP), Luzia is one of the most ancient American human skeletons ever discovered.
154:
109:
308:, suggested that Luzia's features most strongly resembled those of Australian Aboriginal peoples.
3723:
3634:
3083:
2756:
2253:
1984:
1580:
1512:
429:
165:
3308:
734:"New Radiocarbon Ages of Luzia Woman, Lapa Vermelha IV Site, Lagoa Santa, Minas Gerais, Brazil"
285:
150:
2726:
319:
site in southern Chile. Some anthropologists have hypothesized that a population from coastal
3229:
3144:
3078:
2711:
2465:
2436:
2235:
2210:
2175:
1989:
1668:
1575:
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448:
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2027:
1947:
1942:
1658:
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878:
324:
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of the same region also showed strong affinities, leading Neves to classify the Aimoré as
268:
8:
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3108:
2140:
2120:
1170:
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125:
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1683:
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906:
389:
130:
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1147:
987:
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3001:
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2776:
2576:
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2185:
2180:
1957:
1631:
1340:
1330:
1275:
1125:
1117:
1073:
1038:
967:
896:
886:
839:"Crânio de Luzia é encontrado nos escombros do Museu Nacional, dizem pesquisadores"
745:
689:"Crânio de Luzia é encontrado nos escombros do Museu Nacional, dizem pesquisadores"
539:
262:
343:
203:
3317:
2996:
2955:
2940:
2903:
2867:
2761:
2656:
2571:
2546:
2507:
2492:
2313:
2150:
1636:
891:
407:
1253:
194:
3661:
3650:
3248:
3214:
3058:
3033:
2990:
2980:
2970:
2960:
2918:
2701:
2512:
2502:
2195:
2155:
2145:
1606:
1596:
1527:
865:"New Archaeological Evidence for an Early Human Presence at Monte Verde, Chile"
750:
733:
508:
377:
297:
226:
214:
146:
83:
3350:
3334:
3154:
548:
453:
284:. Anthropologists variously described Luzia's features as resembling those of
3712:
3204:
3048:
3017:
2985:
2929:
2897:
2736:
2696:
2686:
2681:
2671:
2666:
2601:
2596:
2551:
2115:
2072:
1601:
1542:
1428:
1077:
711:"Museu Nacional resgata crânio de Luzia quebrado e identifica 80% das partes"
487:
463:
332:
134:
3527:
3295:
3291:
2283:
2278:
1335:
1280:
1255:
571:"Busca pelo crânio de Luzia continua um mês após incêndio no Museu Nacional"
3287:
3263:
3219:
3169:
3164:
3053:
3038:
3022:
2887:
2838:
2833:
2808:
2786:
2751:
2631:
2333:
2268:
2225:
1794:
1532:
1522:
1517:
1354:
1289:
1139:
1050:
979:
910:
347:
301:
210:
64:
2771:
3628:
3283:
3273:
2892:
2823:
2676:
2353:
2245:
2125:
354:
335:
and other factors affecting craniofacial plasticity in Native Americans.
316:
289:
1130:
956:
790:"Especialista compara perda do fóssil Luzia com destruição da Mona Lisa"
766:"Brazil's First Human "Luzia" Destroyed In Rio De Janeiro's Museum Fire"
26:
3321:
3159:
3139:
2581:
2373:
2135:
1537:
1507:
1242:
Reconstructing the Deep Population History of Central and South America
1121:
1085:
1042:
971:
813:
Andreoni, Manuela; Londoño, Ernesto; Moriconi, Lis (3 September 2018).
482:
458:
2766:
492:
3342:
3338:
3313:
3063:
2398:
2288:
320:
312:
213:
by a joint French-Brazilian expedition that was working not far from
2847:
2517:
172:, where it was shown to the public until it was fragmented during a
3329:
3179:
2721:
2716:
2606:
2586:
1789:
1106:
869:
385:
230:
178:
2741:
642:"The Story of Luzia, the Oldest Human Skull Found in the Americas"
619:"Skull of ancient human possibly found in burned Brazilian museum"
3325:
2862:
2746:
2487:
2383:
2358:
2343:
2263:
2258:
2215:
2190:
2160:
293:
236:
The fossil of Luzia was believed to have been destroyed when the
2791:
815:"Brazil Museum Fire Leaves Ashes, Recrimination and Little Else"
3268:
3258:
2641:
2636:
2561:
2497:
2378:
2328:
2318:
2293:
1372:
138:
2908:
2852:
2843:
2731:
2308:
242:
199:
3490:
Population history of the Indigenous peoples of the Americas
2057:
923:
664:"Brazil museum fire: Prized 'Luzia' fossil skull recovered"
142:
16:
Upper Paleolithic period skeleton of a Paleo-Indian woman
1028:
812:
1413:
863:
Dillehay, Tom D.; Ocampo, Carlos (November 18, 2015).
420:
Collection of fossils in the National Museum of Brazil
241:
bones that are more resistant and the fragment of her
3485:
Painting in the Americas before European colonization
425:
Genetic history of indigenous peoples of the Americas
248:
1329:. Vol. 102, no. 51. pp. 18309–18314.
164:
was chosen in homage to the Australopithecus fossil
3710:
272:Facial reconstruction of Luzia completed at the
392:genome of Nevada. The bust of Luzia displaying
3465:Ceramics of Indigenous peoples of the Americas
3450:Category: Archaeological sites in the Americas
862:
372:released a study that contradicts the alleged
353:Researchers recreated the skull of Luzia with
141:. The 11,500-year-old skeleton was found in a
3557:
3543:
2043:
1399:
1254:Moreno-Mayar, J. Víctor; et al. (2018).
1215:
856:
640:Solá-Santiago, Frances (September 24, 2018).
639:
612:
610:
209:Luzia was originally discovered in 1974 in a
1256:"Early human dispersals within the Americas"
3744:Paleo-Indian archaeological sites in Brazil
616:
153:region of Brazil, in 1974 by archaeologist
145:in the Lapa Vermelha archeological site in
3573:Balbino de Freitas (Brazilian archaeology)
3550:
3536:
2050:
2036:
1406:
1392:
1324:
617:Stargardter, Gabriel (September 4, 2018).
607:
595:(in Portuguese). O Globo. 6 September 2018
573:(in Portuguese). em.com.br. 3 October 2018
25:
3455:Portal:Indigenous peoples of the Americas
1344:
1334:
1279:
1129:
1110:American Journal of Physical Anthropology
1031:American Journal of Physical Anthropology
960:American Journal of Physical Anthropology
900:
890:
749:
2059:Pre-Columbian civilizations and cultures
924:Erlandson, Jon M. & Braje, Todd J.,
731:
686:
267:
252:
193:
1312:"The new face of South American people"
3711:
1063:
713:(in Portuguese). UOL. October 19, 2018
3531:
2031:
1387:
1160:
687:Salviano, Murilo (October 19, 2018).
532:
124:
3734:Oldest human remains in the Americas
1161:Lopes, Reinaldo José (10 Oct 2005).
364:In November 2018, scientists of the
359:Federal University of Rio de Janeiro
31:Luzia's remains as displayed at the
3754:Pre-Columbian trans-oceanic contact
2483:Cultures of Pre-Columbian Venezuela
1066:Journal of Anthropological Research
13:
3475:Indigenous cuisine of the Americas
2454:Cultures of Pre-Columbian Colombia
1682:
1415:Indigenous peoples of the Americas
259:National Museum of Natural History
249:Phenotypical analysis and genotype
14:
3775:
2466:Cultures of Pre-Columbian Ecuador
2437:Cultures of Pre-Columbian Bolivia
1365:
137:woman who was found in a cave in
3611:
3507:
2459:Archaeological sites in Colombia
2432:Cultures of Pre-Cabraline Brazil
1462:
1371:
400:
3719:1975 archaeological discoveries
2442:Cultures of Pre-Columbian Chile
1318:
1304:
1247:
1231:
1209:
1184:
1169:(in Portuguese). Archived from
1154:
1100:
1057:
1022:
993:
950:
917:
831:
806:
782:
758:
276:visible in this 2015 photograph
257:A cast of Luzia's skull at the
220:
189:
3686:National Museum of Brazil fire
1037:(2): 181–4, discussion 185–8.
1001:"Walter Neves: Luzia's father"
725:
703:
680:
656:
633:
585:
563:
533:Smith, C. (18 February 2000).
526:
42:
1:
3386:Spanish Conquest of Guatemala
2447:Archaeological sites in Chile
1220:(in Brazilian Portuguese). G1
545:Discovery Communications Inc.
519:
282:indigenous Siberian forebears
168:. The fossil was kept at the
3480:Mesoamerican writing systems
3437:
2476:Archaeological sites in Peru
1216:César Menezes (8 Nov 2018).
892:10.1371/journal.pone.0141923
7:
3376:Spanish Conquest of Yucatán
413:
304:, an anthropologist at the
10:
3780:
3697:Bendegó meteorite (report)
3679:Archivos do Museu Nacional
3402:Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada
3305:Uaxaclajuun Ubʼaah Kʼawiil
751:10.2458/azu_js_rc.55.16253
435:Settlement of the Americas
184:
47:Lapa Vermelha IV Hominid 1
3739:National Museum of Brazil
3670:
3620:
3609:
3588:Mediterranean antiquities
3565:
3559:National Museum of Brazil
3503:
3445:
3436:
3356:
3279:
3254:
3225:
3200:
3175:
3150:
3125:
3094:
3069:
3044:
3013:
2976:
2951:
2914:
2883:
2858:
2829:
2822:
2817:
2812:
2807:
2805:
2800:
2627:Llanos de Moxos (Bolivia)
2412:
2244:
2101:
2065:
2003:
1930:
1848:
1765:
1756:
1726:
1649:
1619:
1589:
1558:
1551:
1500:
1471:
1460:
1421:
732:Fontugne, Michel (2013).
274:National Museum of Brazil
170:National Museum of Brazil
122:Portuguese pronunciation:
105:
90:
79:
71:
59:
51:
40:
33:National Museum of Brazil
24:
3749:Peopling of the Americas
3645:Patos de Minas meteorite
3514:Civilizations portal
2471:Cultural periods of Peru
1078:10.1086/jar.60.1.3631009
338:A comparison in 2005 of
155:Annette Laming-Emperaire
110:Annette Laming-Emperaire
3408:Hernán Pérez de Quesada
2254:Mesoamerican chronology
1336:10.1073/pnas.0507185102
1281:10.1126/science.aav2621
430:List of unsolved deaths
376:origin of Luzia. Using
366:University of São Paulo
306:University of São Paulo
3603:Werner (rare minerals)
2111:Archaeological periods
342:specimens with modern
286:Indigenous Australians
277:
265:
206:
198:Photogrammetry of all
151:Greater Belo Horizonte
3729:Archaeology of Brazil
3691:Paço de São Cristóvão
3635:Avanhandava meteorite
3414:List of Conquistadors
3301:Kʼinich Janaabʼ Pakal
2712:Quebrada de Humahuaca
2131:Caddoan Mississippian
1736:European colonization
498:Calico Early Man Site
449:Arlington Springs Man
271:
256:
197:
133:period skeleton of a
129:) is the name for an
3381:Francisco de Montejo
3309:Jasaw Chan Kʼawiil I
2422:Andean civilizations
2349:Shaft tomb tradition
1454:Solutrean hypothesis
1380:at Wikimedia Commons
325:Last Glacial Maximum
75:11,243–11,710 cal BP
3764:Paleo-Indian people
3347:Manco Inca Yupanqui
2652:Manteño-Huancavilca
2121:Ancestral Puebloans
1835:Trinidad and Tobago
1272:2018Sci...362.2621M
883:2015PLoSO..1041923D
691:(in Portuguese). G1
551:on 24 December 2007
475:Archeological sites
469:Kwäday Dän Ts'ìnchi
394:Australo-Melanesian
374:Australo-Melanesian
21:
3470:Columbian exchange
3460:Portal:Mesoamerica
2612:La Tolita (Tumaco)
2427:Indigenous peoples
2166:Hopewell tradition
2093:Indigenous peoples
1995:In popular culture
1746:Columbian exchange
1741:Population history
1472:Mythology/Religion
1266:(6419): eaav2621.
1122:10.1002/ajpa.20854
1043:10.1002/ajpa.10176
972:10.1002/ajpa.20923
819:The New York Times
514:Marmes Rockshelter
503:Cueva de las Manos
370:Harvard University
278:
266:
207:
19:
3759:Upper Paleolithic
3706:
3705:
3640:Bendegó meteorite
3525:
3524:
3521:
3520:
3495:Pre-Columbian art
3431:
3430:
3425:Francisco Pizarro
3391:Pedro de Alvarado
2707:Pucará de Tilcara
2025:
2024:
1926:
1925:
1722:
1721:
1645:
1644:
1615:
1614:
1434:Pre-Columbian era
1376:Media related to
1167:Jornal da Ciência
131:Upper Paleolithic
126:[luˈzi.ɐ]
115:
114:
3771:
3615:
3614:
3552:
3545:
3538:
3529:
3528:
3512:
3511:
3510:
3434:
3433:
3420:Spanish Conquest
3397:Spanish Conquest
3372:Spanish Conquest
3361:Spanish Conquest
2803:
2802:
2052:
2045:
2038:
2029:
2028:
1763:
1762:
1680:
1679:
1556:
1555:
1498:
1497:
1466:
1408:
1401:
1394:
1385:
1384:
1375:
1359:
1358:
1348:
1338:
1322:
1316:
1315:
1308:
1302:
1301:
1283:
1251:
1245:
1235:
1229:
1228:
1226:
1225:
1213:
1207:
1206:
1204:
1203:
1188:
1182:
1181:
1179:
1178:
1173:on 4 August 2012
1158:
1152:
1151:
1133:
1104:
1098:
1097:
1061:
1055:
1054:
1026:
1020:
1019:
1017:
1016:
1007:. Archived from
997:
991:
990:
954:
948:
947:
946:
945:
939:
933:, archived from
932:
921:
915:
914:
904:
894:
877:(11): e0141923.
860:
854:
853:
851:
850:
835:
829:
828:
826:
825:
810:
804:
803:
801:
800:
786:
780:
779:
777:
776:
762:
756:
755:
753:
729:
723:
722:
720:
718:
707:
701:
700:
698:
696:
684:
678:
677:
675:
674:
660:
654:
653:
651:
649:
637:
631:
630:
628:
626:
614:
605:
604:
602:
600:
589:
583:
582:
580:
578:
567:
561:
560:
558:
556:
540:Cabrillo College
530:
505:- Cave paintings
408:hunter-gatherers
263:Washington, D.C.
128:
123:
101:
99:
80:Place discovered
44:
29:
22:
18:
3779:
3778:
3774:
3773:
3772:
3770:
3769:
3768:
3709:
3708:
3707:
3702:
3666:
3616:
3612:
3607:
3583:Funerary steles
3561:
3556:
3526:
3517:
3508:
3506:
3499:
3441:
3432:
3422:
3411:
3405:
3399:
3388:
3384:
3378:
3374:
3363:
3349:
3345:
3341:
3337:
3328:
3324:
3320:
3318:Quemuenchatocha
3316:
3307:
3303:
3294:
3290:
3286:
3247:
3116:
3025:
2999:
2988:
2935:Human Sacrifice
2932:
2924:Human Sacrifice
2921:
2895:
2868:Mayan Languages
2796:
2408:
2240:
2097:
2078:Genetic history
2061:
2056:
2026:
2021:
1999:
1922:
1844:
1758:
1752:
1728:
1718:
1678:
1641:
1611:
1585:
1547:
1496:
1485:List of deities
1467:
1458:
1417:
1412:
1368:
1363:
1362:
1323:
1319:
1310:
1309:
1305:
1252:
1248:
1236:
1232:
1223:
1221:
1214:
1210:
1201:
1199:
1198:(in Portuguese)
1190:
1189:
1185:
1176:
1174:
1159:
1155:
1105:
1101:
1062:
1058:
1027:
1023:
1014:
1012:
999:
998:
994:
955:
951:
943:
941:
937:
930:
922:
918:
861:
857:
848:
846:
845:(in Portuguese)
837:
836:
832:
823:
821:
811:
807:
798:
796:
788:
787:
783:
774:
772:
764:
763:
759:
730:
726:
716:
714:
709:
708:
704:
694:
692:
685:
681:
672:
670:
662:
661:
657:
647:
645:
638:
634:
624:
622:
615:
608:
598:
596:
591:
590:
586:
576:
574:
569:
568:
564:
554:
552:
531:
527:
522:
416:
403:
251:
238:National Museum
223:
192:
187:
121:
97:
95:
91:Date discovered
36:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3777:
3767:
3766:
3761:
3756:
3751:
3746:
3741:
3736:
3731:
3726:
3724:1975 in Brazil
3721:
3704:
3703:
3701:
3700:
3694:
3688:
3683:
3674:
3672:
3668:
3667:
3665:
3664:
3662:Sha-Amun-en-su
3659:
3654:
3651:Maxakalisaurus
3647:
3642:
3637:
3632:
3624:
3622:
3618:
3617:
3610:
3608:
3606:
3605:
3600:
3595:
3590:
3585:
3580:
3575:
3569:
3567:
3563:
3562:
3555:
3554:
3547:
3540:
3532:
3523:
3522:
3519:
3518:
3504:
3501:
3500:
3498:
3497:
3492:
3487:
3482:
3477:
3472:
3467:
3462:
3457:
3452:
3446:
3443:
3442:
3429:
3428:
3417:
3394:
3369:
3358:
3354:
3353:
3332:
3311:
3298:
3281:
3280:Notable Rulers
3277:
3276:
3271:
3266:
3261:
3256:
3252:
3251:
3249:Neo-Inca State
3242:
3237:
3232:
3227:
3223:
3222:
3217:
3212:
3207:
3202:
3198:
3197:
3192:
3187:
3182:
3177:
3173:
3172:
3167:
3162:
3157:
3152:
3148:
3147:
3142:
3137:
3132:
3127:
3123:
3122:
3111:
3106:
3101:
3096:
3092:
3091:
3086:
3081:
3076:
3071:
3067:
3066:
3061:
3056:
3051:
3046:
3042:
3041:
3036:
3031:
3020:
3015:
3011:
3010:
3005:
2994:
2983:
2978:
2974:
2973:
2968:
2963:
2958:
2953:
2949:
2948:
2943:
2938:
2927:
2916:
2912:
2911:
2906:
2901:
2890:
2885:
2881:
2880:
2875:
2870:
2865:
2860:
2856:
2855:
2850:
2841:
2836:
2831:
2827:
2826:
2821:
2816:
2811:
2806:
2801:
2798:
2797:
2795:
2794:
2789:
2784:
2779:
2774:
2769:
2764:
2759:
2754:
2749:
2744:
2739:
2734:
2729:
2724:
2719:
2714:
2709:
2704:
2699:
2694:
2689:
2684:
2679:
2674:
2669:
2664:
2659:
2654:
2649:
2644:
2639:
2634:
2629:
2624:
2619:
2614:
2609:
2604:
2599:
2594:
2589:
2584:
2579:
2574:
2569:
2564:
2559:
2554:
2549:
2544:
2539:
2534:
2529:
2520:
2515:
2510:
2505:
2500:
2495:
2490:
2485:
2480:
2479:
2478:
2468:
2463:
2462:
2461:
2451:
2450:
2449:
2439:
2434:
2429:
2424:
2418:
2416:
2410:
2409:
2407:
2406:
2401:
2396:
2391:
2386:
2381:
2376:
2371:
2366:
2361:
2356:
2351:
2346:
2341:
2336:
2331:
2326:
2321:
2316:
2311:
2306:
2301:
2296:
2291:
2286:
2281:
2276:
2271:
2266:
2261:
2256:
2250:
2248:
2242:
2241:
2239:
2238:
2233:
2228:
2223:
2218:
2213:
2208:
2203:
2198:
2193:
2188:
2183:
2178:
2173:
2168:
2163:
2158:
2153:
2148:
2143:
2138:
2133:
2128:
2123:
2118:
2113:
2107:
2105:
2099:
2098:
2096:
2095:
2090:
2085:
2080:
2075:
2069:
2067:
2063:
2062:
2055:
2054:
2047:
2040:
2032:
2023:
2022:
2020:
2019:
2012:
2004:
2001:
2000:
1998:
1997:
1992:
1987:
1982:
1977:
1972:
1967:
1962:
1961:
1960:
1955:
1950:
1945:
1934:
1932:
1931:Related topics
1928:
1927:
1924:
1923:
1921:
1920:
1915:
1910:
1905:
1900:
1895:
1890:
1885:
1880:
1875:
1870:
1865:
1859:
1857:
1846:
1845:
1843:
1842:
1837:
1832:
1827:
1822:
1817:
1812:
1807:
1802:
1797:
1792:
1787:
1782:
1777:
1771:
1769:
1760:
1754:
1753:
1751:
1750:
1749:
1748:
1743:
1732:
1730:
1724:
1723:
1720:
1719:
1717:
1716:
1711:
1706:
1705:
1704:
1694:
1688:
1686:
1677:
1676:
1671:
1666:
1661:
1655:
1653:
1647:
1646:
1643:
1642:
1640:
1639:
1634:
1629:
1623:
1621:
1617:
1616:
1613:
1612:
1610:
1609:
1604:
1599:
1593:
1591:
1587:
1586:
1584:
1583:
1578:
1573:
1568:
1562:
1560:
1553:
1549:
1548:
1546:
1545:
1540:
1535:
1530:
1528:Medicine wheel
1525:
1520:
1515:
1510:
1504:
1502:
1495:
1494:
1489:
1488:
1487:
1475:
1473:
1469:
1468:
1461:
1459:
1457:
1456:
1451:
1446:
1441:
1439:Classification
1436:
1431:
1425:
1423:
1419:
1418:
1411:
1410:
1403:
1396:
1388:
1382:
1381:
1378:Luzia (fossil)
1367:
1366:External links
1364:
1361:
1360:
1317:
1303:
1246:
1230:
1208:
1183:
1153:
1099:
1056:
1021:
992:
949:
916:
855:
830:
805:
781:
757:
724:
702:
679:
655:
632:
606:
584:
562:
547:Archived from
524:
523:
521:
518:
517:
516:
511:
509:Fort Rock Cave
506:
500:
495:
490:
485:
479:
478:
476:
472:
471:
466:
461:
456:
451:
445:
444:
442:
438:
437:
432:
427:
422:
415:
412:
402:
399:
378:DNA sequencing
298:Southeast Asia
250:
247:
222:
219:
215:Belo Horizonte
191:
188:
186:
183:
147:Pedro Leopoldo
113:
112:
107:
103:
102:
92:
88:
87:
84:Pedro Leopoldo
81:
77:
76:
73:
69:
68:
61:
57:
56:
53:
49:
48:
45:
38:
37:
30:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3776:
3765:
3762:
3760:
3757:
3755:
3752:
3750:
3747:
3745:
3742:
3740:
3737:
3735:
3732:
3730:
3727:
3725:
3722:
3720:
3717:
3716:
3714:
3698:
3695:
3692:
3689:
3687:
3684:
3682:(publication)
3681:
3680:
3676:
3675:
3673:
3669:
3663:
3660:
3658:
3655:
3653:
3652:
3648:
3646:
3643:
3641:
3638:
3636:
3633:
3631:
3630:
3626:
3625:
3623:
3619:
3604:
3601:
3599:
3596:
3594:
3591:
3589:
3586:
3584:
3581:
3579:
3576:
3574:
3571:
3570:
3568:
3564:
3560:
3553:
3548:
3546:
3541:
3539:
3534:
3533:
3530:
3516:
3515:
3502:
3496:
3493:
3491:
3488:
3486:
3483:
3481:
3478:
3476:
3473:
3471:
3468:
3466:
3463:
3461:
3458:
3456:
3453:
3451:
3448:
3447:
3444:
3440:
3435:
3426:
3421:
3418:
3415:
3409:
3403:
3398:
3395:
3392:
3387:
3382:
3377:
3373:
3370:
3367:
3366:Hernán Cortés
3362:
3359:
3355:
3352:
3348:
3344:
3340:
3336:
3333:
3331:
3327:
3323:
3319:
3315:
3312:
3310:
3306:
3302:
3299:
3297:
3293:
3289:
3285:
3282:
3278:
3275:
3272:
3270:
3267:
3265:
3262:
3260:
3257:
3253:
3250:
3246:
3243:
3241:
3238:
3236:
3233:
3231:
3228:
3224:
3221:
3218:
3216:
3213:
3211:
3208:
3206:
3203:
3199:
3196:
3193:
3191:
3188:
3186:
3183:
3181:
3178:
3174:
3171:
3168:
3166:
3163:
3161:
3158:
3156:
3153:
3149:
3146:
3143:
3141:
3138:
3136:
3133:
3131:
3128:
3124:
3120:
3115:
3112:
3110:
3107:
3105:
3102:
3100:
3097:
3093:
3090:
3087:
3085:
3082:
3080:
3077:
3075:
3072:
3068:
3065:
3062:
3060:
3057:
3055:
3052:
3050:
3047:
3043:
3040:
3037:
3035:
3032:
3029:
3024:
3021:
3019:
3016:
3012:
3009:
3006:
3003:
2998:
2995:
2992:
2987:
2984:
2982:
2979:
2975:
2972:
2969:
2967:
2964:
2962:
2959:
2957:
2954:
2950:
2947:
2944:
2942:
2939:
2936:
2931:
2928:
2925:
2920:
2917:
2913:
2910:
2907:
2905:
2902:
2899:
2894:
2891:
2889:
2886:
2882:
2879:
2876:
2874:
2871:
2869:
2866:
2864:
2861:
2857:
2854:
2851:
2849:
2845:
2842:
2840:
2837:
2835:
2832:
2828:
2825:
2820:
2815:
2810:
2804:
2799:
2793:
2790:
2788:
2785:
2783:
2780:
2778:
2775:
2773:
2770:
2768:
2765:
2763:
2760:
2758:
2755:
2753:
2750:
2748:
2745:
2743:
2740:
2738:
2735:
2733:
2730:
2728:
2725:
2723:
2720:
2718:
2715:
2713:
2710:
2708:
2705:
2703:
2700:
2698:
2695:
2693:
2690:
2688:
2685:
2683:
2680:
2678:
2675:
2673:
2670:
2668:
2665:
2663:
2660:
2658:
2655:
2653:
2650:
2648:
2645:
2643:
2640:
2638:
2635:
2633:
2630:
2628:
2625:
2623:
2620:
2618:
2615:
2613:
2610:
2608:
2605:
2603:
2600:
2598:
2595:
2593:
2590:
2588:
2585:
2583:
2580:
2578:
2575:
2573:
2570:
2568:
2565:
2563:
2560:
2558:
2555:
2553:
2550:
2548:
2545:
2543:
2540:
2538:
2535:
2533:
2530:
2528:
2524:
2521:
2519:
2516:
2514:
2511:
2509:
2506:
2504:
2501:
2499:
2496:
2494:
2491:
2489:
2486:
2484:
2481:
2477:
2474:
2473:
2472:
2469:
2467:
2464:
2460:
2457:
2456:
2455:
2452:
2448:
2445:
2444:
2443:
2440:
2438:
2435:
2433:
2430:
2428:
2425:
2423:
2420:
2419:
2417:
2415:
2414:South America
2411:
2405:
2402:
2400:
2397:
2395:
2392:
2390:
2387:
2385:
2382:
2380:
2377:
2375:
2372:
2370:
2367:
2365:
2362:
2360:
2357:
2355:
2352:
2350:
2347:
2345:
2342:
2340:
2337:
2335:
2332:
2330:
2327:
2325:
2322:
2320:
2317:
2315:
2312:
2310:
2307:
2305:
2302:
2300:
2297:
2295:
2292:
2290:
2287:
2285:
2282:
2280:
2277:
2275:
2272:
2270:
2267:
2265:
2262:
2260:
2257:
2255:
2252:
2251:
2249:
2247:
2243:
2237:
2236:Weeden Island
2234:
2232:
2229:
2227:
2224:
2222:
2219:
2217:
2214:
2212:
2211:Poverty Point
2209:
2207:
2204:
2202:
2199:
2197:
2194:
2192:
2189:
2187:
2184:
2182:
2179:
2177:
2176:Mississippian
2174:
2172:
2169:
2167:
2164:
2162:
2159:
2157:
2154:
2152:
2149:
2147:
2144:
2142:
2139:
2137:
2134:
2132:
2129:
2127:
2124:
2122:
2119:
2117:
2114:
2112:
2109:
2108:
2106:
2104:
2103:North America
2100:
2094:
2091:
2089:
2086:
2084:
2081:
2079:
2076:
2074:
2073:Paleo-Indians
2071:
2070:
2068:
2064:
2060:
2053:
2048:
2046:
2041:
2039:
2034:
2033:
2030:
2018:
2017:
2013:
2011:
2010:
2006:
2005:
2002:
1996:
1993:
1991:
1988:
1986:
1983:
1981:
1978:
1976:
1973:
1971:
1968:
1966:
1963:
1959:
1956:
1954:
1951:
1949:
1946:
1944:
1941:
1940:
1939:
1936:
1935:
1933:
1929:
1919:
1916:
1914:
1911:
1909:
1906:
1904:
1901:
1899:
1896:
1894:
1891:
1889:
1886:
1884:
1881:
1879:
1876:
1874:
1871:
1869:
1866:
1864:
1861:
1860:
1858:
1855:
1851:
1850:South America
1847:
1841:
1840:United States
1838:
1836:
1833:
1831:
1828:
1826:
1823:
1821:
1818:
1816:
1813:
1811:
1808:
1806:
1803:
1801:
1798:
1796:
1793:
1791:
1788:
1786:
1783:
1781:
1778:
1776:
1773:
1772:
1770:
1768:
1767:North America
1764:
1761:
1757:Modern groups
1755:
1747:
1744:
1742:
1739:
1738:
1737:
1734:
1733:
1731:
1725:
1715:
1712:
1710:
1707:
1703:
1700:
1699:
1698:
1695:
1693:
1690:
1689:
1687:
1685:
1681:
1675:
1672:
1670:
1667:
1665:
1662:
1660:
1657:
1656:
1654:
1652:
1648:
1638:
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1620:South America
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1429:Paleo-Indians
1427:
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1072:(1): 75–110.
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1011:on 2015-03-29
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541:
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535:"Luzia Woman"
529:
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488:Paisley Caves
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464:Kennewick Man
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441:Human remains
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401:Anthropometry
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160:The nickname
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106:Discovered by
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3288:Moctezuma II
3245:Inca history
3170:Andean Music
3114:Architecture
3109:Architecture
3104:Architecture
3099:Architecture
3095:Architecture
3089:Gender Roles
2834:Tenochtitlan
2757:Timoto–Cuica
2752:Tierradentro
2646:
2537:Casma–Sechin
2269:Chalcatzingo
2014:
2007:
1729:colonization
1533:The red road
1523:Medicine man
1518:Great Spirit
1326:
1320:
1306:
1263:
1259:
1249:
1238:Cosimo Posth
1237:
1233:
1222:. Retrieved
1211:
1200:. Retrieved
1195:
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1175:. Retrieved
1171:the original
1166:
1156:
1131:11336/101290
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1109:
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1024:
1013:. Retrieved
1009:the original
1004:
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935:the original
926:
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847:. Retrieved
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648:25 September
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635:
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597:. Retrieved
587:
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565:
553:. Retrieved
549:the original
538:
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404:
382:
363:
352:
348:Paleo-Indian
337:
329:
310:
302:Walter Neves
279:
235:
224:
221:21st century
211:rock shelter
208:
190:20th century
161:
159:
135:Paleo-Indian
117:
116:
65:Homo sapiens
63:
3657:Luzia Woman
3629:Aratasaurus
3566:Collections
3351:Túpac Amaru
3335:Manco Cápac
3284:Moctezuma I
3195:Agriculture
3190:Agriculture
3185:Agriculture
3176:Agriculture
3119:Road System
3008:Mathematics
2873:Muysc Cubun
2727:San Agustín
2677:Monte Verde
2354:Teotihuacan
2246:Mesoamerica
2141:Coles Creek
2126:Anishinaabe
2083:Archaeology
1938:Ethnobotany
1795:El Salvador
1697:Visual arts
1566:Cosmovision
1552:Mesoamerica
1513:Fifth World
1479:Mythologies
1444:Archaeology
1422:Pre-history
738:Radiocarbon
717:October 19,
695:October 19,
625:7 September
555:21 December
454:Peñon woman
390:Spirit Cave
355:3D printers
340:Lagoa Santa
317:Monte Verde
290:Melanesians
118:Luzia Woman
52:Common name
3713:Categories
3693:(building)
3593:Meteorites
3322:Tisquesusa
3296:Cuauhtémoc
3292:Cuitláhuac
2622:Lauricocha
2592:Gran Chaco
2582:Cupisnique
2567:Chinchorro
2542:Chachapoya
2532:Caral–Supe
2374:Tlaxcaltec
2364:Teuchitlán
2279:Chupícuaro
2206:Plum Bayou
2201:Plaquemine
2171:Marksville
2136:Chichimeca
1980:Philosophy
1785:Costa Rica
1759:by country
1590:Variations
1581:World tree
1538:Totem pole
1508:Arborglyph
1224:2018-11-09
1202:2018-09-22
1177:2008-02-15
1015:2018-10-20
944:2016-02-13
849:2018-10-19
824:2018-09-04
799:2018-09-04
775:2018-09-04
673:2018-10-20
644:. Remezcla
520:References
483:Mummy Cave
459:Buhl Woman
3621:Artifacts
3343:Atahualpa
3339:Pachacuti
3314:Nemequene
3180:Chinampas
3002:Astronomy
2991:Astronomy
2971:Mythology
2966:Mythology
2961:Mythology
2956:Mythology
2952:Mythology
2782:Wankarani
2772:Tuncahuán
2662:Marajoara
2617:Las Vegas
2503:Atacameño
2399:Xochipala
2339:Purépecha
2299:Epi-Olmec
2289:Cuicuilco
2231:Troyville
2221:St. Johns
1975:Movements
1970:Languages
1918:Venezuela
1863:Argentina
1825:Nicaragua
1805:Guatemala
1800:Greenland
1492:Religions
1094:163722475
621:. Reuters
599:8 October
577:4 October
321:East Asia
313:New World
231:Forensics
202:sides by
149:, in the
3439:See also
3357:Conquest
3330:Zoratama
2997:Calendar
2986:Calendar
2981:Calendar
2977:Calendar
2946:Religion
2941:Religion
2930:Religion
2919:Religion
2915:Religion
2904:Numerals
2898:Numerals
2859:Language
2839:Multiple
2777:Valdivia
2762:Tiwanaku
2722:Saladoid
2717:Quimbaya
2607:Kuhikugu
2587:Diaguita
2577:Chorrera
2394:Veraguas
2389:Veracruz
2369:Tlatilco
2181:Mogollon
2088:Cultures
2066:Americas
2009:Category
1965:Identity
1948:Iroquois
1943:Cherokee
1908:Suriname
1898:Paraguay
1883:Colombia
1810:Honduras
1790:Dominica
1727:European
1702:Painting
1664:Colombia
1576:Religion
1571:Creation
1449:Genetics
1355:16344464
1298:53241760
1290:30409807
1148:32748672
1140:18481303
1051:12740961
988:21953365
980:18951391
911:26580202
870:PLoS ONE
770:NDTV.com
414:See also
386:Anzick-1
294:Negritos
292:and the
179:skeleton
86:, Brazil
41:Catalog
3598:Mummies
3578:Fossils
3326:Tundama
3255:Peoples
3240:History
3235:History
3230:History
3226:History
3220:Cuisine
3215:Cuisine
3210:Cuisine
3205:Cuisine
3201:Cuisine
3059:Warfare
3054:Warfare
3049:Warfare
3045:Warfare
3039:Society
3034:Economy
3023:Society
3018:Society
3014:Society
2884:Writing
2878:Quechua
2863:Nahuatl
2830:Capital
2767:Toyopán
2747:Tairona
2657:Mapuche
2572:Chiripa
2547:Chancay
2518:Cañaris
2493:Amotape
2488:El Abra
2404:Zapotec
2384:Totonac
2359:Tepanec
2344:Quelepa
2314:Mezcala
2304:Huastec
2274:Cholula
2264:Capacha
2259:Acolhua
2216:Sinagua
2191:Patayan
2161:Hohokam
2151:Fremont
1985:Studies
1913:Uruguay
1888:Ecuador
1868:Bolivia
1815:Jamaica
1714:Writers
1709:Artists
1669:Ecuador
1651:Culture
1632:Mapuche
1346:1317934
1268:Bibcode
1260:Science
1240:et al.
1086:3631009
902:4651426
879:Bibcode
744:(2–3).
493:Xá:ytem
185:History
96: (
60:Species
35:in 2015
3699:(book)
3269:Muisca
3264:Mayans
3259:Aztecs
2893:Script
2888:Script
2848:Bacatá
2819:Muisca
2702:Pucará
2697:Piaroa
2692:Paiján
2687:Omagua
2642:Lupaca
2637:Lokono
2602:Kalina
2597:Huetar
2557:Chavín
2552:Chango
2527:Nariño
2523:Capulí
2513:Calima
2508:Aymara
2498:Arawak
2379:Toltec
2329:Olmecs
2324:Nicoya
2319:Mixtec
2294:Diquis
2196:Picosa
2186:Oshara
2156:Glades
2146:Dorset
2016:Portal
1953:Navajo
1893:Guyana
1873:Brazil
1830:Panama
1820:Mexico
1780:Canada
1775:Belize
1637:Muisca
1559:Common
1353:
1343:
1296:
1288:
1244:, 2018
1146:
1138:
1092:
1084:
1049:
986:
978:
909:
899:
139:Brazil
3671:Other
3274:Incas
3165:Music
3160:Music
3155:Music
3151:Music
3084:Women
3079:Women
3074:Women
3070:Women
3028:Trade
2909:Quipu
2853:Cusco
2844:Hunza
2809:Aztec
2742:Taíno
2737:Sican
2732:Shuar
2682:Nazca
2672:Mollo
2667:Moche
2647:Luzia
2562:Chimú
2334:Pipil
2309:Izapa
2284:Coclé
2226:Thule
2116:Adena
1990:Trade
1878:Chile
1692:Music
1659:Andes
1607:Olmec
1597:Aztec
1294:S2CID
1196:Globo
1144:S2CID
1090:S2CID
1082:JSTOR
1005:Globo
984:S2CID
938:(PDF)
931:(PDF)
243:femur
200:skull
162:Luzia
55:Luzia
20:Luzia
3064:Army
2846:and
2824:Inca
2814:Maya
2792:Zenú
2787:Wari
2632:Lima
1958:Zuni
1903:Peru
1854:list
1674:Peru
1627:Inca
1602:Maya
1351:PMID
1327:NCBI
1286:PMID
1136:PMID
1047:PMID
976:PMID
907:PMID
719:2018
697:2018
650:2018
627:2018
601:2018
579:2018
557:2007
368:and
174:fire
166:Lucy
143:cave
98:1974
94:1974
3145:Art
3140:Art
3135:Art
3130:Art
3126:Art
1684:Art
1341:PMC
1331:doi
1276:doi
1264:362
1126:hdl
1118:doi
1114:137
1074:doi
1039:doi
1035:121
968:doi
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897:PMC
887:doi
746:doi
668:BBC
296:of
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72:Age
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