National Museum of Brazil

2846:(INPI), linked to the Ministry of Industry, Foreign Trade and Services (MDIC), concluded on 17 October 2018 the donation of 1,164 items, mostly mobile, to the National Museum. The furniture, which includes tables, chairs, workstations, drawers and cabinets, aid in the restructuring of the museum. The idea of the donation came from the need for the institute to free itself of idle equipment that was in its old headquarters, in Edifício A Noite, located in Praça Mauá, the port area of Rio de Janeiro, to allow the return of the property to the Secretariat of the Patrimony of the Union (SPU), which should have been empty. Part of the furniture was taken to the Botanical Garden of the National Museum, located in Quinta da Boa Vista, where some sectors are working. Others will be used in the direction of the museum, in the services of museology and teaching assistance, and in the departments of invertebrates, geology, paleontology, entomology and ethnology. 1703:). Several aspects of the daily routine, social organization, religiosity, and imagery of the Pre-Columbian civilizations are addressed in the collection, which has items from common daily use (clothing, body ornaments, weapons) to more refined artifacts, imbued with notable artistic sense (measurement and musical instruments, ritual objects, figurative ceramic sculptures and vessels distinguished for their aesthetic features). Other aspects of Pre-Columbian life, such as the dynamics of trade, ideological diffusion, and cultural influences among the groups, are also represented in the collection. Items are evaluated in terms of the similarity of decorative patterns and artistic techniques, as well as in the subjects portrayed. Common to nearly all distinct groups are such subjects as plants, nocturnal animals (bats, serpents, owls), and fantastic creatures associated to natural elements and phenomena. 2572: 1883: 2557: 2515: 2498: 1620: 2106: 210: 2320: 749: 229: 2545: 1858: 3046: 2968: 2792: 2446: 1501: 2354: 2295: 1951: 1906: 1544: 2368: 2600: 1590: 1099: 2069:

with rich geometric patterns (compositions imbued with symmetry, rhythmic repetitions, paired elements, binary oppositions, etc.) and with a predominant usage of the excision technique. Major part of the ceramic pieces are of ceremonial nature, used in funerary contexts, rites of passage, etc. Among the highlights, it's possible to mention the anthropomorphic statuettes (particularly the phallus-shaped female figurines, uniting the male and female principles, a recurring theme of the Marajoara art), large-scale funerary urns, anthropomorphic vases with geometric decoration, ritual thongs, zoomorphic, anthropomorphic and hybrid vessels, etc.

1965: 1461: 2276: 2339: 2394: 2615: 616: 1483: 2154: 5950: 5843: 2038: 1983: 1442: 2660: 1041: 1923: 2486: 1642: 1937: 1558: 2588: 1513: 6022: 1836: 2034:. Two fragments of Sambaquis are preserved in the collection, in addition to a group of human skeletal remains found in these archaeological sites, as well as several cultural testimonies of the Sambaqui people, encompassing utilitarian objects used in routine tasks (vessels, bowls, pestles and mortars carved in stone), ceremonies and rituals (such as votive statuettes). Among the highlights of the Sambaqui collection, there is a large set of zoolites (stone sculptures of votive use, with representation of animals, such as fish and birds, and human figures). 1064: 2631: 2382: 2264: 2527: 1527: 1080: 2474: 2462: 2645: 5986: 1994:

Gradually assembled since the early 19th century, the collection started being systematically gathered since 1867 and has been continually expanded until the present day, through excavations, acquisitions and donations, also serving as basis for a large number of research projects conducted by the academics of the museum, the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, and other institutions. It was composed of objects coming from all regions of Brazil, establishing a timeline spanning more than 10,000 years.

1023: 1130: 2430: 1284: 1616:. Gathered throughout the 19th century, the collection was based on holdings of the Brazilian royal family, with several objects coming from the private collection of Emperor Pedro II. It was later enlarged through acquisitions, donations, exchanges, and excavations. By the end of the 19th century, the collection already had considerable prestige, being cited, on the occasion of opening the 1889 Anthropological Exposition, as one of the largest collections of South American archaeology. 2719: 1144: 2416: 2091:. Among the highlights of the collection were the anthropomorphic statuettes of naturalist style (characterised by the closed eyes, shaped like coffee beans), the anthropomorphic and zoomorphic vessels, vases for ceremonial use and, above all, the so-called "caryatid vases" – complex ceramic vessels, endowed with bottlenecks, reliefs and pedestals decorated with anthropomorphic and zoomorphic figurines and fantastic beings. The museum also possesses several examples of 1169: 932: 492: 6010: 1115: 3012:, being afraid that the building would remain destroyed for years in an abandoned state. Also, the laboratory containers were not received. On 31 October 2018, the Chamber of Deputies approved an amendment of R$ 55 million to the budget of 2019. This would need to be further approved by a joint committee and also by the plenary. The director travelled to China to guarantee pieces of collections for the museum. During his travel to Germany, specifically 6046: 52: 6034: 2943:, it had assets seized by the IRS that were destined for the National Museum. The Francisca Keller Library of the Graduate Program in Social Anthropology, which had 37,000 documents and books and was fully incinerated, was under reconstruction. About 10,500 volumes were donated, and another 8,000 were forthcoming. From France came approximately 700 volume. At the Central Library the donation of several other books, reached over 170 volumes. 955:, which is considered extremely rare for the preparatory technique used, of which there are only eight similar examples worldwide. Called "princess of the Sun" or "princess Kherima", the mummy has her members and fingers of the hands and feet individually swaddled and is richly adorned, with painted strips. "Princess Kherima" is one of the most popular items of the National Museum collection, being even related to accounts of 1813:, northern Chile, there is a mummy of a man with an estimated age of 3,400 to 4,700 years, preserved in a seated position, with the head resting on the knees and covered by a wool cap. This was the position which the Atacaman cultures used to sleep, due to the cold climate of the desert. It was also the position in which they were buried, together with their belongings. A second mummy in the collection – an 5962: 608: 5998: 1572: 5974: 2775:

works, and the rest for facade and roof projects. The Ministry of Science, Technology, Innovations and Communications contributed R$ 10 million to acquire equipment for scientific research and infrastructure actions. Germany had donated 230,000 euros so far. After 1 year since the destruction, 44% of the museum's collections had been saved. More than 50 of the 70 areas hit by the fire were searched.

1723:, which flourished on the northern coast of Peru between the early Christian era and 8th century AD, responsible for building large monuments, temples, pyramids, and ceremonial complexes, represented in the collection by a group of figurative pottery of high artistic and technical quality (zoomorphic, anthropomorphic, and globular vessels) and examples of goldsmithery; 2133:. This culture, still largely unknown, was responsible for producing rare artifacts sculpted in polished stone and objects imbued with stylistic elements common to the Mesoamerican cultures. The museum collection preserves lithic artifacts of ceremonial use, as well as anthropomorphic and zoomorphic statuettes (zoolites representing fish and jaguars). 2144:, between the 9th and the 15th centuries. The museum preserved several examples of ceremonial pottery, mainly anthropomorphic funerary urns characterized by the presence of bulges, necks, and lids, used to store the ashes of the deceased, and other vessels related to funerary rituals. The Miracanguera pottery is distinguished for the presence of 2758:

of the facades and of the roof, with an endowment of R$ 1 million. Paulo Amaral, president of Ibram, said that the new concept of the National Museum would probably be announced in April 2020, when the final formatting of the space would be defined, with parts dedicated to the historical collection, contemporary works and equipment.

2816:. From the initial amount announced, R$ 180 thousand was delivered. On 21 May 2019 the director travelled to Germany and France to ask for the rest and more help, because the Brazilian government seemed not possible to financially further help. From Germany, the second amount of €145 thousand or R$ 654 thousand was donated. 1766:, which flourished around the 13th century AD and became the largest empire of the Pre-Columbian Americas in the following century. The National Museum possesses a set of figurative pottery and vessels decorated with geometric patterns ("Incan aryballos"), miniature figures of human beings and llamas, made with alloys of 1431:, small terracotta sculptures of Greek origin that were widely appreciated in the Ancient world, as well as a group of Etruscan bronze statuettes representing warriors and female figures. The collection of military artifacts included entire pieces or fragments of helmets, maces, scabbards, bronze blades, brooches and 43: 699:. The researchers and their offices and laboratories occupy a good part of the palace and other buildings erected at Botanical Gardens (Horto Florestal), in the Quinta da Boa Vista park – one of the largest scientific libraries of Rio. The National Museum offers graduate courses in the following areas: 1008:, carrying a conic ointment vessel on the top of her head – an iconography that is almost exclusively found among paintings and reliefs. The collection also includes fragments of reliefs, masks, statues of deities in bronze, stone and wood (such as representations of Ptah-Sokar-Osiris), 3036:

Until December 2018, the concern was the change of the Brazilian government, because none of the transition teams of the future governor of Rio de Janeiro, nor incoming president Jair Bolsonaro have sought the direction of the museum to talk about the fire. Even then, the containers to store restored

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On 17 October 2018, Secretary of the Patrimony of the Union, Sidrack Correia confirmed the donation of the area of 49,300 m², that is about a kilometer from the museum, to install laboratories containers in 45 days, budgeted at R$ 2.2 million, purchased with funds from the TJRJ Pecuniary Penalty

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The museum was heavily damaged by a large fire which began about 19:30 local time (23:30 UTC) on 2 September 2018. Although some items were saved, it is believed that 92.5% of its archive of 20 million items was destroyed in the fire as around 1.5 million items were stored in a separate building

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and anthropology in Brazil, as well as numerous items that came from other regions of the world and were produced by several cultures and ancient civilizations. Built-up over more than two centuries through expeditions, excavations, acquisitions, donations and exchanges, the collection was subdivided

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The Ministry of Education (MEC) gave R$ 5 million to a second phase of elaboration of recovery project of the Museum. Unesco personnel and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs visited the debris. Another R$ 2.5 million was allocated to the research of the institution through the Coordination of

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In June 2018, when the National Museum completed 200 years, the BNDES signed a R$ 21.7 million contract to pay for the update of the building, but before the first transfer of R$ 3 million, it caught fire. The agreement was maintained, and the BNDES promised that the money would be used to

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Reconstruction of the facade and roof is expected to take place between the end of 2019 and the beginning of 2020. In the first half of 2020, the salvage of parts of the collection and the start of the inventory process are expected to be completed. R$ 69 million in public funds for the project. The

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The National Museum held the oldest known examples of indigenous mummies found in the Brazilian territory. The collection consisted of the body of an adult woman of approximately 25 years of age, and two children, one located at her feet, with an estimated age of twelve months, involved in a bundle,

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rivers, in Pará. Although this culture kept an intense contact with the Santarém culture, their artistic production developed unique features. The Konduri collection is primarily composed of pottery, noted for the techniques of decoration such as incision and dotted lines, the lively polychromy, and

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used for hunting, axe blades of polished stone and other tools used for carving, scraping, cleaving, triturating, and piercing, in addition to artifacts of ceremonial use and adornments. Although objects made of wood, fiber, and resin were also produced, the majority of them didn't stand the test of

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In the letter, the director says that many reflect on what could have been done differently to avoid a disaster that led to the loss of an invaluable patrimony, involving millions of cultural and scientific pieces. He also adds that "others should be deeply reflecting on why, being in a position of

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During the signing of a protocol of intent for technical-scientific cooperation with the Brazilian Institute of Museums (Ibram), held on 14 May 2019, it was reported that the works of restoration of the patrimony would be initiated in 2019, with an elaborated executive project of the reconstruction

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The collection of Brazilian archaeology of the National Museum brought together a vast set of artifacts produced by the cultures that flourished in the Brazilian territory during the pre-colonial era, with more than 90,000 objects. It was considered the largest collection in its typology worldwide.

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of the singer in its interior. The collection would be enriched through other acquisitions and donations, becoming, at the beginning of the 20th century, sufficiently relevant to draw the attention of international researchers and Egyptologists, such as Alberto Childe, who served as conservator of

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in precolonial Brazil. The museum has a vast assemblage of Marajoara pottery, notable for their heightened artistic and aesthetic sense, as well as for the variety of shapes and refined decoration – mostly works of figurative nature (representations of humans and animals), combined

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On 3 October 2019, the museum has about 120 million reais available to make works, coming from funds from parliamentary amendments, the BNDES and Vale. But, the money cannot be used to buy the material needed to continue the rescue, only in the works. In the box of the Association Friends of the

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to Italy. The empress also personally financed excavations in Veios, an Etruscan archeological site located fifteen kilometers north of Rome, thus enabling a large part of the objects found there to be brought to Brazil. A greater part of those had been gathered between 1853 and 1859, but Teresa

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to create a governance steering committee that can lead the museum's recovery project. Vale provides R$ 50 million and BNDES R$ 21.7 million for this reconstruction. The Ministry of Education had allocated R$ 16 million to the National Museum. Of this total, R$ 8.9 million was used in emergency

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between the 15th and the 18th centuries, represented in the collection by a group of typical funerary urns depicting male and female figurines in hierarchic position, with head-shaped lids, as well as zoomorphic funerary urns depicting quadrupedal animals, originating from indigenous cemeteries

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According to the dean of UFRJ, Denise Pires de Carvalho, the university does not have the money to pay bills of light delayed since January 2019, of water since 2 years, of security and cleaning services. She also said that although they do not have any more money available, she would seek the

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The collection of Andean mummies of the National Museum allows a glimpse at the funerary practices of the cultures of the region. The mummies of the collection were preserved either naturally (as a result of the favorable geo-climatic conditions of the Andean Mountains) or artificially, in the

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to be able to make the donations. The text must be approved by Congress until February 2019. If this does not happen, the Provisional Measure loses its validity. "The first disbursement of the contract between the BNDES, the Association of Friends of the National Museum and UFRJ, with a total

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On the first floor of the building was the Francisca Keller Library, which had the largest collection of anthropology and human sciences in South America. To speed up the fundraising process, they are making a crowdfunding campaign on the Benfeitoria platform. The money would be used for the

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Among the rubble, 1,500 items were found, between parts of the collection, equipment, personal property and others not unidentifiable. Among them were pieces from the Egyptian collection and minerals from the Werner collection, that came to Brazil along with the Portuguese Crown, as well as

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Brazil in a very comprehensive manner and sheltering some of the most important material records related to Brazilian archaeology. It was, therefore, a collection of considerable scientific value, and object of several works of basic research, theses, dissertations, and monographs.

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between 1822 and 1889. After the monarchy was deposed, it hosted the Republican Constituent Assembly from 1889 to 1891 before being assigned to the use of the museum in 1892. The building was listed as Brazilian National Heritage in 1938 and was largely destroyed by a fire in 2018.

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since the 10th century AD, represented by a group of zoomorphic and anthropomorphic pottery (characteristically dark, obtained through the technique of reducing burning, and inspired by stylistic elements of the Moche and Wari cultures), as well as textiles decorated with varying

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donated in 2020 a collection of relics collected in the Amazon, stored in the British institution for over 150 years. The items were grouped by botanist Richard Spruce, who spent 15 years gathering specimens and making notes while travelling through the forest and brought to

1760:, presented in the collection by a set of anthropomorphic pottery (characteristically dark, decorated with light-colored engobe and brown painting) and sophisticated textiles depicting animals and vegetables – namely a large mantle, with three meters of length; 2025:

the fishing and gathering communities which lived in the south-central coast of Brazil between 8,000 years before present and the early Christian era, the National Museum holds a large number of vestiges originating from deposits constituted of agglomerated lime and organic

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The collection included several examples of funerary urns, rattles, dishes, bowls, clothing, dresses, idols, and amulets, with emphasis being placed on ceramic objects, produced by numerous cultures of precolonial Brazil. Best represented groups in the collection include:

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National Museum, there are 80 thousand reais in cash, coming from donations, but only R$ 25 thousand are not yet committed. The Rio de Janeiro Legislative Assembly (Alerj) donated R$ 20 million to help in the works. Funding are available as project steps are completed.

352:. The collection was the principal basis for the research conducted by the academic departments of the museum – which are responsible for carrying out activities in all the regions of the Brazilian territory and several places of the world, including the 803:

archaeology, and Pre-Columbian Brazil – last nucleus, systematically gathered since 1867, is the largest segment of the archaeological collection, as well as the most important collection of its typology in the world, covering the history of

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from Pompeii, made around the 1st century AD. Two of those are decorated with marine motifs, respectively depicting a sea dragon and a seahorse as the central figure surrounded by dolphins, and had adorned the lower walls of the room of the devotees at the

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release of 20% of the R$ 43 million released by the parliamentary bench in Rio de Janeiro to continue the reconstruction works of the National Museum. It aimed to reopen at least one wing of the palace in 2022, the year of independence bicentennial.

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During the three months after the fire debris was removed, the "economic support network" promised by the president was not established. The partnership to help the museum would count on the participation of the Brazilian Federation of Banks (Febraban),

2879:, the largest gaming platform in Latin America, donated R$ 16,860 to the National Museum. The two-day income from the game "The Hero's Legend" was reverted to the museum and 500 gamers engaged in the action. The inspiration came from an initiative that 2762:

demolition of the interior walls of the space, restoring the floor, finishing and painting, laying the ceiling, making the electrical and air conditioning installation and the restoration of hardware. They expect to get R$ 129,000 by 12 September 2019.

900:, an amateur Egyptologist and notable collector of archaeological and ethnographic artifacts. One of the most important additions to the Egyptian collection of the National Museum made by Pedro II is the polychromed wood sarcophagus of the singer of 951:. The museum also conserves six human mummies (four adults and two children), as well as a number of mummies and sarcophagi of animals (cats, ibises, fishes, and crocodiles). Among the human examples, the highlight is a mummy of a woman from the 2991:, where he had regularly gone to ask for a public hearing, during which he asked for the inclusion of resources for the museum, and for the next budget. Without these resources, he says the institution will end up harming decades of research. 2998:

On 17 October 2018, the director of the museum had a meeting with federal deputies to first resolve the R$ 50 million needed to reinstall the front part of Palace. In late October 2018, the museum's director attended an audience in

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amount is composed of R$ 21 million from BNDES (R$ 3.3 million of which have already been released), R$ 43 million from the amendment of the Rio de Janeiro bench in the Chamber of Deputies and R$ 5 million from the Ministry Education.

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First responders fighting the fire were hindered by a lack of water. Rio's fire chief said that two nearby fire hydrants had insufficient water, leaving firefighters to resort to pumping water from a nearby lake. According to a CEDAE

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could lend some Egyptian pieces to be displayed in Rio de Janeiro, when its reconstruction comes done. From this sum, until June 2019, Education Ministry or Ministério da Educação (MEC) paid R$ 908.800,00 for the facade project.

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The Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, responsible for the museum, signed on Saturday 31 August 2019 a memorandum of understanding with the Vale Foundation, the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization

289: 2174:. The Maracá pottery was frequently adorned with geometric patterns and polychromed with white, yellow, red, and black pigments. Ornaments in the members and the head of the figures expressed the social identity of the deceased. 1325:

comprised more than dozens of objects and is noted for the diversity of origins, shapes, decorations and utilitarian purposes. Several of the most important styles and schools of classical antiquity are represented, from the

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of the country by the diffusion of education, culture, and science. In the 19th century, the institution was already established as the most important South American museum of its type. In 1946, it was incorporated into the

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layers (clay mixed with organic materials) and the eventual painted decoration of geometric motifs. The plastic composition frequently outlines specific details, such as human figures in a seated position, with the legs

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on the evening of 15 October 2018, which, along two pages, reinforces the historical importance of the institution, and recalls that his survival is tied to the responsibility of those who hold "power in the hands."

2571: 2232:) or ritual nature (mainly funerary urns). The Tupi-Guaraní pottery is characterized by its distinct polychromy (with predominance of red, black, and white pigments) and drawings of geometric and sinuous patterns. 831:

of the National Museum was one of the largest of Latin America and one of the oldest in the Americas. Most part of the objects entered the museum collection in 1826, when the tradesman Nicolau Fiengo brought from

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time and are almost absent in the collection, except for some individual pieces – namely a woven straw basket covered by resin, only partially preserved, found in the southern coast of Brazil.

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Maria do Carmo Alves (DEM-SE), under review in the Commission of Education, Culture and Sport proposes to include a National Day of the Museum, in the official Brazilian calendar to be celebrated on 18 May.

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in order to secure R$ 56 million for the basic reconstruction of the front part of main building, No. 1, including the facade, roof and its structure. He negotiated the money before the President-elect

1267:. Aiming to increase the number of classical artifacts in Brazil with a view to the future creation of a museum of Greco-Roman archaeology in the country, the empress established formal exchanges with the 786:

The collection of archaeology of the National Museum comprised more than 100,000 objects, covering distinct several civilizations that lived in the Americas, Europe, Africa, and the Middle East, since the

2257:, in a farm that belonged to Maria José de Santana, who donated the mummies to emperor Pedro II. As an act of gratitude for this favor, Pedro II awarded Maria José with the title of Baroness of Santana. 649:(1840–1878). In the following years, the museum gradually became known so it continued to attract several foreign scientists who wished to achieve scientific stature with their work in Brazil, such as 371:

and post-graduation courses in several fields of the knowledge, in addition to hosting temporary and permanent exhibitions and educational activities open to the general public. The museum manages the

1882: 600:, etc., which he acquired during many of his trips abroad. In this way, the National Museum was modernized and became the most important museum of natural history and human sciences of South America. 4748: 3408: 2839:

Fund to be used by museum researchers. It also serves as a center for students visitation. Part of the total, 10 thousand square meters will be for the Justice Court to install its transport area.

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D. Pedro II was well aware of the shortage of true scientists and naturalists in Brazil. He fixed this problem by inviting foreign scientists to come to work at the museum. The first to come was

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and Paris, France to bargain some money, the amount of R$ 55 million, supposed to reconstruct some part of building was reduced to R$ 43 million by the government. However the

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support the reconstruction works. That was not done. Until final of 2018, only R$ 8.9 million was released to carry out emergency works for the reconstruction of the building.

1857: 1713:, which flourished on the southern coast of Peru between the 1st century BC and 800 AD. The National Museum has a large set of fragments of Nazca textiles depicting animals (mainly 475:

with imperial coat of arms from military clothing. Those items were given to the museum. After being destroyed by fire, the National Museum has received donations to the amount of

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on the night of 2 September 2018. The building had been called a "firetrap" by critics, who argued the fire was predictable and could have been prevented. The fire began in the

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objects, until the reconstruction work is completed, had not yet been delivered by the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, which did not express its opinion on the delay.

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The emperor was a very popular figure when he was deposed by a military coup in 1889, so the republicans tried to erase the symbols of the empire. One of these symbols, the

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and a new-born, also covered by a mantle, positioned behind the head of the woman. This mummified set is composed of individuals that probably belonged to the group of the

5701: 688:, became vacant; therefore, in 1892, the National Museum, with all its collections, valuables and researchers, was transferred to this palace, where it stays until today. 5605: 5521: 5317: 3979: 3537: 2294: 974:

is composed of dozens of pieces dated, in their majority, from the Intermediate Period and the Late Era. The steles of Raia and Haunefer, which are graved with titles of

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visited the museum in 1832, noting that the museum only had three open rooms at that time, and that the closed rooms were "sadly plundered of its contents by Don Pedro."

294: 4021: 4249: 3590:"Destruído por incêndio, Museu Nacional recebeu R$ 1,1 milhão em doações. Em dois dias, R$ 3 bilhões foram doados para reconstrução da Catedral Notre-Dame, na França" 6131: 5443: 2744:) employee, although the hydrants did have water, the water pressure was very low because the building is on top of a hill, making them unusable. Brazilian President 5822: 4323: 2157: 1500: 743: 5469: 5208: 4863: 4279: 4202: 1040: 589:. The emperor himself, who was an avid amateur scientist and enthusiastic supporter of all branches of science, contributed with several of the collections of the 4353: 5343: 5006: 3368: 2924:

Wilson Saviano, professor at the Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, donated 300 pieces, 15 paintings and 40 books from his private collection of contemporary African art.

5827: 5807: 4720: 4139: 4098: 3151: 2556: 818: 739: 391:, is used as a support and logistics center for field activities. Finally, the museum is also dedicated to editorial production, outstanding in that field the 1835: 4738: 3398: 5421: 5083: 516: 3179: 3131: 3106:

A partnership with Google Brasil, through Google Arts & Culture, allowed guided virtual tours via internet of 160 items from the collections in 2016.

387: – the Santa Lúcia Biological Station, jointly managed with the Museum of Biology Prof. Mello Leitão. A third site, located in the city of 5779: 4770: 4439: 3456: 2691:

to lend the museum funds, which was turned down because the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro would have to give up control to an independent Board.

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ceremonial tools and objects used by indigenous tribes in the region. His collection, later stored in the Kew Gardens archives, also included wooden

1304:. The other two frescos are decorated with representations of plants, birds, and landscapes, stylistically close to the paintings of Herculaneum and 3946: 4978: 3868:

Revelando o Passado: estudos da coleção egípcia do Museu Nacional (in In: Lessa, Fábio de Souza & Bustamente, Regina. "Memoria & festa")

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0.01 to spend on each of the artifacts. The building fell into disrepair, evidenced by peeling wall material, exposed electrical wiring, and

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Konduri culture, which reached their apex in the 7th century and met their decline in the 15th century, and inhabited the region between the

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infestation. By June 2018, the museum's 200th anniversary, it had reached a state of near-complete abandonment. There was an offer from the

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objects, being the largest collection of its kind in Latin America. Most of the pieces previously belonged to the Greco-Roman collection of

6096: 1729:, which inhabited the south-central Andes since the 5th century AD, represented by anthropomorphic ceramic vessels and textile fragments; 5573: 3747: 2180:, which inhabited the Brazilian coast when the Portuguese arrived in the 16th century – subdivided into the group of the 6121: 5633: 4895: 3262: 6116: 6081: 4832: 3434: 3309: 1022: 919:. The sarcophagus is distinguished for its rarity, since it is one of few examples that have never been opened, still preserving the 885:, and subsequently donated it to the National Museum. It has been suggested that the action of Pedro I would have been influenced by 3616: 3342: 2614: 3369:"A revista Arquivos e a Biblioteca do Museu Nacional: espaços de circulação e conservação das ciências naturais no Brasil imperial" 1756:, which developed between the Intermediate and Late periods (from about 1000 to 1470 AD), on the valleys of the rivers Chancay and 5108: 2599: 1619: 1212:, who had been interested in archaeology since her youth. When the empress disembarked in Rio de Janeiro in 1843, right after her 6106: 6076: 5772: 4688: 2263: 1098: 5677: 3203: 2485: 1905: 6126: 3971: 759:

The museum sheltered one of the largest exhibits of the Americas, prior to the fire, consisting of animals, insects, minerals,

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approx. 20 million objects (before 2018 fire), 1.5 million objects placed in other buildings (after 2 September 2018 fire)

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The director of the National Museum, Alexander W. A. Kellner, issued an open letter addressed to presidential candidates

1209: 796: 20: 4855: 4271: 4194: 3656: 2659: 2367: 6066: 5765: 5690:. Livros Digital; 22 (in Portuguese and English) (1 ed.). Rio de Janeiro: National Museum of Brazil. p. 139. 4345: 1602: 940: 553: 2526: 2393: 2338: 1964: 1063: 3826: 3376: 1308:. The museum also housed a large number of objects from Pompeii portraying the daily life of Ancient Roman citizens: 5058: 4147: 4107: 3162: 1950: 228: 1248: 440: 222: 4993:"Na véspera de completar um ano do incêndio do Museu Nacional, UFRJ cria comitês para reconstrução da instituição" 1543: 5920: 3125: 2857:

at an average value of R$ 5 thousand to Rio de Janeiro National Museum. More than R$ 100 thousand was donated in

748: 681: 531: 496: 253: 214: 5369: 380: 315:

The National Museum held a vast collection with more than 20 million objects, one of the largest collections of

5587: 5396: 3186: 2918: 2711: 2704: 886: 401: 284:, where it exhibited the collections incorporated from the former House of Natural History, popularly known as 3678: 2946:

In 2024, the museum received a 17th-century sacred feathered cloak that was taken to Denmark in 1689 from the

924:

the Department of Archaeology of the museum between 1912 and 1938 and was also responsible for publishing the

4431: 2995:

decision, they did not act firmly in triggering actions that would have avoided the absurdity of that loss".

1922: 429: 5926: 5032: 3004: 1272: 939:

Besides the aforementioned coffin of Sha-Amun-en-su, the museum possesses other three sarcophagi, from the

909: 658: 89: 4564: 4520: 4424: 2381: 1557: 3938: 3087: 2988: 2630: 1936: 537: 439:

In 2019, more than 30,000 pieces of the imperial family's past were found during archaeological works on

5619: 2644: 2101:

small statuettes carved in green gems, shaped like animals (mainly frogs) used as adornments or amulets.

5940: 5908: 5874: 5751: 4603: 3045: 2967: 2951: 2901: 2791: 2088: 1806: 1589: 864: 545: 412:

on the ground floor. One of the three devices did not have external grounding, there was no individual

393: 3071: 1512: 2824: 1288: 1276:

Cristina continued to enrich the collection until the fall of the Brazilian empire in 1889, when the

837: 611:

The National Museum at its first location in Campo de Sant'Anna, today's Praça da República, ca. 1870

601: 304: 269: 4051: 3780: 2473: 2461: 2129:

Trombetas River culture, which inhabited the lower Amazon, in the state of Pará, near the region of

1526: 2216:). The collection is predominantly composed of ceramics and lithic artifacts of daily use (such as 2193: 2189: 2136:

Miracanguera culture, which flourished on the left bank of the Amazon river, in the region between

1301: 959:

and collective trances, that supposedly occurred in the 1960s. "Kherima" also inspired the romance

2865: 1271:. She requested the shipment of Greco-Roman objects to Rio de Janeiro, while sending artifacts of 893:

in Brazil, perhaps driven by the interest that the organization had for the Egyptian iconography.

615: 5864: 3512:"Incêndio que destruiu o Museu Nacional começou no ar-condicionado do auditório, diz laudo da PF" 2801: 2429: 2153: 2064:, between the 5th and the 15th centuries, considered the group that reached the highest level of 1739:

during the 8th century AD, exemplified in the collection through textiles, pottery and metalwork;

646: 549: 405: 364: 341: 281: 2804:

offered €1 million in aid to rebuild Brazil's National Museum. This amount was used to buy

2037: 1982: 805: 2976: 2858: 2250: 1386: 1129: 996:

statuettes representing funerary servers, including a group of pieces that belonged to pharaoh

952: 662: 557: 1691:

natives (including a rare assemblage of artifacts from the area of present-day Venezuela) and

504: 280:

on 6 June 1818, under the name of "Royal Museum", the institution was initially housed at the

277: 165: 6050: 5318:"Jardim Botânico do Reino Unido vai contribuir para reconstrução do acervo do Museu Nacional" 3755: 3564:"Mais de 30 mil peças do passado da Família Imperial são encontradas durante obras no RioZoo" 3086:. According to the entity, the banks are awaiting approval of Provisional Measure 851 in the 2137: 1656: 1641: 1201: 1189: 1143: 1114: 2415: 2242: 859:

as the initial destination, and had probably been ordered by the president of that country,

666: 6038: 5954: 5422:"Museu Nacional: em carta a presidenciáveis diretor fala sobre quem tem o 'poder nas mãos'" 5183:"Pequeno agricultor de Cuiabá doa 780 moedas antigas para Museu Nacional do Rio de Janeiro" 3701: 2805: 2201: 2185: 1401: 1005: 881: 860: 692: 634: 590: 568: 561: 368: 323:

artifacts in the world, encompassing some of the most important material records regarding

5869: 5606:"Museu Nacional terá verba de R$ 5 milhões do MEC para projetos de recuperação do prédio" 4828: 3430: 3301: 3225: 775: 752: 303:

and zoology. The museum foundation was intended to address the interests of promoting the

8: 6002: 4557: 2894:

Until June 2019, small donations from several private individuals summed R$ 323 thousand.

2888: 2884: 2399: 2130: 1001: 685: 654: 523:, especially birds, which caused it to be known by locals n as the "House of the Birds". 520: 444: 425: 268:

in colonial Brazil, as the Portuguese royal family between 1808 and 1821 and then as the

261: 241: 218: 81: 5733: 3705: 3341:(in Brazilian Portuguese). Vol. 62, no. 3. July–September 2004. Archived from 2947: 2813: 2181: 5739: 4953:"Vaquinha é criada para reconstruir maior biblioteca de antropologia da América do Sul" 3713: 3091:

execution period of four years, was scheduled for October 2018 of R$ 3 million."

2812:

to investigate specimens. Those equipment were to be located in a donated field nearby

2723: 1601:

The National Museum housed an important group of about 1,800 artifacts produced by the

1409: 1233: 1217: 1047: 897: 760: 574: 5723: 868: 5691: 5470:"Diretor do Museu Nacional vai à Câmara em busca de R$ 56 milhões para reconstrução" 5291: 4763: 4657:"Incêndio de grandes proporções atinge Museu Nacional na Quinta da Boa Vista, no Rio" 3822: 3622: 2832: 2065: 2053: 1986: 1970: 1793: 1736: 1688: 1606: 1268: 975: 876: 841: 800: 571: 527: 512: 464: 265: 175: 2300: 2197: 2122: 2109: 2072: 2041: 912:, offered to the emperor as a gift during his second trip to Egypt, in 1876, by the 384: 5664: 4661: 3709: 3029: 2014: 1826: 1649: 1428: 1259:, initiated in the 18th century, be resumed. The recovered pieces were sent to the 1173: 916: 836:

an assemblage of Egyptian antiquities that belonged to the famous Italian explorer

456: 5588:"Museu Nacional: três meses depois do incêndio, ajuda prometida não saiu do papel" 2238: 1757: 1742: 1318:, glass and bronze vessels, phallic amulets, oil lamps molded in terracotta, etc. 791:

Age until the 19th century. The collection is subdivided into four main segments:

5727: 5444:"Incêndio no Museu Nacional: gestores pedem R$ 50 milhões para restaurar prédio" 5131:"Governo federal doa terreno para a construção de laboratórios do Museu Nacional" 4890: 3075: 3067: 2980: 2868:

donated 514 insects to the museum, 314 were borrowed from there. Among them were

2675:

From 2014 the museum faced budget cuts that dropped its maintenance to less than

2118: 2002: 1956: 1942: 1753: 1624: 1310: 778:, which weighs over 5,000 kilograms (11,000 lb) and was discovered in 1784. 642: 541: 413: 324: 316: 131: 4856:"Brazil museum fire: 'incalculable' loss as 200-year-old Rio institution gutted" 4513: 2171: 1004:. The rare artifacts included a limestone statue of a young woman, dated of the 650: 6014: 5985: 5978: 5891: 5880: 4798: 4796: 3083: 3009: 2906: 2676: 2536: 2436: 1889: 1810: 1229: 1193: 964: 956: 905: 674: 476: 249: 248:) is the oldest scientific institution of Brazil. It is located in the city of 5745: 5496:"Museu Nacional irá receber primeira parte da verba para reconstrução em 2019" 4731: 1471: 1178: 1029: 397:, the oldest scientific journal of Brazil, continuously published since 1876. 6060: 6026: 5966: 4927:"A ROTINA E OS DESAFIOS DA RECONSTRUÇÃO DO MUSEU NACIONAL, SETE MESES DEPOIS" 4022:"Italianos restauram afrescos inéditos da coleção Imperatriz Tereza Cristina" 3650: 3021: 2605: 1842: 1822: 1818: 1814: 1732: 1720: 1710: 1668: 1645: 1628: 1421: 1405: 1330: 1283: 1241: 1213: 1013: 792: 630: 111: 98: 5757: 5522:"Verbas para reconstrução do Museu Nacional terão corte de R$ 11,9 milhões" 5397:"'A beacon of hope': Indigenous people reunited with sacred cloak in Brazil" 4886:"Falta de água prejudicou combate ao incêndio, diz comandante dos Bombeiros" 4793: 2718: 2305: 2093: 1571: 1192:

of the National Museum added up to around 750 pieces and consists mostly of

871:

would impede Fiengo from completing his journey, forcing him to return from

526:

After the marriage of King João VI's eldest son and Brazil's first emperor,

2940: 2745: 2636: 2254: 2061: 1998: 1911: 1746: 1726: 1594: 1220:, she brought an assemblage of antiquities found during the excavations of 1197: 716: 700: 582: 578: 420:

was without insulation in contact with metal. In the wake of the fire, the

329: 320: 5084:"Sem auxílio do governo, diretor do Museu Nacional pedirá ajuda na Europa" 4821: 3055: 556:(1794–1868). Other European researchers who explored the country, such as 5990: 5886: 5858: 5668: 5655:

Araujo, Ana Lucia (April 2019). "The Death of Brazil's National Museum".

4979:"Reconstrução do Museu Nacional terá até R$ 50 milhões da Fundação Vale" 2932: 2869: 2835:

to Brazil. A total of 140 objects were donated for the future collection.

2562: 2532: 2421: 2177: 1863: 1763: 1706:

The best represented groups, in the context of Andean cultures, include:

1692: 1660: 1252: 1221: 1168: 1135: 1105: 1009: 979: 931: 890: 788: 670: 638: 586: 540:(1797–1826), the museum started to attract some of the greatest European 534: 491: 345: 139: 4044: 3618:

Space for Science: The Development of the Scientific Community in Brazil

3000: 2935:, more than 500 specimens from various areas of Brazil were donated. In 2931:, the museum received 20 donations consisting of about 23,000 items. In 1291:, representing a sea dragon and a dolphin, 1st century AD (Fourth Style) 1164:

Collection of Mediterranean antiquities in the National Museum of Brazil

935:

Egyptian mummy ("Princess Kherima"). Roman Period, 1st–3rd centuries AD.

926:

Guide of the Collections of Classical Archaeology of the National Museum

896:

The collection started by Pedro I would be expanded by his son, Emperor

875:

to Rio de Janeiro, where the pieces were offered at an auction. Emperor

5235:"UEPA doa acervo com mais de 200 espécies de insetos ao Museu Nacional" 5109:"Parques mundiais da UNESCO anunciam doação para Museu Nacional do Rio" 4913:"Obras de Restauração do Museu Nacional deverão começar ainda este ano" 2955: 2928: 2809: 2688: 2373: 1334: 982:, stand out, as well as an unfinished stele, attributed to the emperor 948: 872: 828: 577:(1825–1891), the National Museum started to invest in the areas of the 567:

By the end of the 19th century, reflecting the personal preferences of

409: 353: 300: 6009: 4693: 3966: 3964: 2076: 51: 42: 4432:"Arqueologia Brasileira – Artefatos líticos dos primeiros povoadores" 2897:

The British Council donated R$ 150 thousand for educational exchange.

2285: 2205: 2027: 1700: 1684: 1451: 1448: 1354: 1251:, brother of empress Teresa Cristina, had ordered the excavations of 1205: 1070: 856: 833: 768: 704: 388: 349: 135: 5718: 5634:"Em Brasília, diretor do Museu Nacional busca apoio do novo governo" 4689:"Fogo destrói Museu Nacional, mais antigo centro de ciência do País" 2850: 2581:

room, on display in preserved rooms in the front wings of the museum

2057: 867:

and a noted enthusiast of museums. However, a naval blockade at the

607: 3961: 3538:"Museu Nacional é liberado para ações de prevenção e estabilização" 3059: 2452: 2359: 2229: 2217: 2209: 2087:, imbued with aesthetic features that suggest the influence of the 1928: 1914: 1779: 1396: 1380: 1348: 1237: 983: 472: 448: 5548:"Comissão analisa criação do Dia Nacional do Museu, em 18 de maio" 2166: 673:(1854–1884) and others; all of them were fired by museum director 288:("House of the Birds"), created in 1784 by the Viceroy of Brazil, 232:

The Historical appearance of the initial building and surroundings

5261:"A contribuição dos gamers para a reconstrução do Museu Nacional" 4743: 3403: 2936: 2880: 2820: 2684: 2506: 2503: 2213: 1867: 1805:

context of religious and ritualistic practices. Originating from

1783: 1676: 1664: 1549: 1535: 1467: 1417: 1364: 1359: 1337: 1327: 1322: 1305: 1256: 1225: 988: 913: 720: 712: 564:(1774–1852), contributed to the collections of the Royal Museum. 480: 468: 460: 357: 337: 5676:

Carvalho, Luciana; Cardoso, Gabriel; Reis, Silvia, eds. (2021).

3185:. Associação Amigos do Museu Nacional. p. 8. Archived from 3063: 2080: 986:, of the Roman Period. The museum also had a vast collection of 641:

from 1826 to 1828. Other scientists to come were German chemist

432:

efforts, with a metallic roof covering a 5,000 m area including

5209:"Museu Nacional recebe doação que vai ajudar a recompor acervo" 4804:"Lessons from the destruction of the National Museum of Brazil" 4631:"Lessons from the destruction of the National Museum of Brazil" 3652:

Embassy to the Eastern Courts of Cochin-China, Siam, and Muscat

3487:"Lessons from the destruction of the National Museum of Brazil" 3017: 3013: 2914: 2910: 2828: 2767: 2578: 2141: 2112:. Anthropomorphic vase representing a seated man, 1000–1400 AD. 2031: 2010: 2005:

groups), the museum preserved several artifacts made of stone (

1797: 1775: 1771: 1696: 1563: 1413: 1374: 1342: 1296: 1264: 997: 849: 708: 597: 594: 433: 333: 257: 196: 5997: 5157:"INPI doa móveis para ajudar na recuperação do Museu Nacional" 823:

Collection of funerary steles in the National Museum of Brazil

3366: 3079: 2771: 2006: 1788: 1714: 1680: 1613: 1610: 971: 920: 845: 764: 400:

The palace, which housed a large part of the collection, was

4134: 4132: 4130: 4128: 1280:

and the empress left the country with all the royal family.

2854: 2680: 2651: 2310: 2221: 1767: 1672: 1577: 1532: 1518: 1149: 944: 901: 727: 511:, in an initiative to stimulate scientific research in the 452: 421: 417: 360:

of Brazil, with over 470,000 volumes and 2,400 rare works.

4473: 4471: 2722:

The National Museum building burning behind the statue of

1340:

of the Early Christian era. The museum houses examples of

1295:

Among the highlights of the collection were a set of four

5059:"Germany pledges € 1 million for Rio museum cleanup" 4125: 4091: 3375:(in Portuguese). Vol. 26, no. 1. Archived from 3226:"O Museu Nacional é uma instituição autônoma, integra..." 2621: 2345: 2329: 2225: 1427:

The collection of sculptures comprised a large number of

1369: 1120: 744:

Collection of meteorites in the National Museum of Brazil

5286: 5284: 5282: 4981:(in Portuguese). Diário do Grande ABC. 1 September 2019. 4739:"Rio's 200-year-old National Museum hit by massive fire" 3891: 3889: 3887: 3885: 3883: 3881: 3879: 3877: 3692:

Sears, P M (1963). "Recovery of the Bendego Meteorite".

3399:"Rio's 200-year-old National Museum hit by massive fire" 2075:(or Tapajós culture), which inhabited the region of the 1997:

From the oldest inhabitants of the Brazilian territory (

1506:

Campanian Red-figure chalice krater, late 4th century BC

1314:, jewels, mirrors, and other pieces of the Roman female 1228:, the Ancient Roman cities destroyed by the eruption of 264:. The main building was originally the residence of the 4543: 4499: 4468: 3912:"Múmia Kherima intriga pesquisadores do Museu Nacional" 3775: 3773: 3742: 3740: 3360: 3290:. Santana de Parnaíba: Banco Safra. 1998. p. 4132. 2126:

the reliefs with anthropomorphic and zoomorphic motifs.

1655:

The collection comprised mostly objects related to the

1232:

in 79 AD. Part of this collection had also belonged to

633:(1761–1861), a German botanist who had participated in 4655:

Pamplona, Nicola; Alegretti, Laís (2 September 2018).

4222: 4220: 3999: 3997: 3840: 3838: 3449: 3249: 3247: 3245: 3243: 2748:

said that the loss due to the fire was "incalculable."

819:

Collection of mummies in the National Museum of Brazil

740:

Collection of fossils in the National Museum of Brazil

447:. Among the finds are many items such as fragments of 5938: 5279: 4175: 4173: 4171: 4169: 4167: 4165: 4079: 4077: 3874: 3725: 3723: 3128:, the historic palace that houses the National Museum 4106:(in Portuguese). Museu Nacional/UFRJ. Archived from 3931: 3812: 3810: 3808: 3806: 3770: 3737: 2823:

of UNESCO's conservation areas collected and sent a

1717:), fantastic beings, plants, and geometric patterns; 1627:. Fragment of textile with representation of birds. 517:

United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil, and the Algarves

5675: 4485: 4454: 4410: 4396: 4382: 4368: 4294: 4217: 3994: 3861: 3859: 3857: 3855: 3835: 3367:Michele de Barcelos Agostinho (January–June 2018). 3240: 3099:Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (Capes). 2679:520,000 annually. The budget was so low, there was 1240:Bonaparte and queen consort of the king of Naples, 1177:statuette, sculpted in marble. Greek civilization, 978:origins present in the Bible and in the tablets of 691:In 1946, the museum's management was passed to the 4771:"Incêndio atinge prédio do Museu Nacional, no Rio" 4162: 4140:"Guia de Visitação Escolar ao Museu Nacional/UFRJ" 4074: 3910: 3865: 3720: 3457:"Incêndio atinge prédio do Museu Nacional, no Rio" 3206:(in Portuguese). Eco & Youtube. 8 October 2018 3116:List of directors of the National Museum of Brazil 505:King João VI of Portugal, Brazil, and the Algarves 503:The National Museum was officially established by 290:Luís de Vasconcelos e Sousa, 4th Count of Figueiró 6132:National heritage sites of Rio de Janeiro (state) 4894:(in Portuguese). 3 September 2018. Archived from 4654: 4553:. São Paulo: Banco Safra. 2007. pp. 286–289. 4509:. São Paulo: Banco Safra. 2007. pp. 284–285. 4481:. São Paulo: Banco Safra. 2007. pp. 264–275. 4234: 4016: 4014: 3803: 3614: 2735:Rio de Janeiro's Water and Sewerage State Company 774:One of the meteorites that was on display is the 356:. The museum holds one of the largest scientific 278:King João VI of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves 166:King João VI of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves 6058: 5574:"Incêndio no Museu Nacional completa três meses" 4625: 4623: 4621: 4100:Projeto da Nova Exposição do Museu Nacional/UFRJ 3870:. Rio de Janeiro: Mauad Editora. pp. 75–80. 3852: 2044:. Ceramic vessel ("caryatid" vase), 1000–1400 AD 943:and the Late Era, belonging to three priests of 684:, the official residence of the emperors in the 519:. Initially, the museum housed plant and animal 5679:500 dias de Resgate - Memória, coragem e imagem 4565:"Arqueologia Brasileira – Cerâmica Tupi-guaran" 3899:. São Paulo: Banco Safra. 2007. pp. 41–42. 3655:. New York: Harper & Brothers. p. 25. 3391: 3282: 3280: 1829:of equatorial Amazon, of ritualistic purposes. 1597:. Anthropomorphic ceramic figurine, 500–1200 AD 379:, as well as an advanced campus in the city of 5734:The National Museum and its European employees 5684:500 days of Rescue - Memory, courage and image 4308: 4011: 3821:. São Paulo: Paris Editorial. pp. 31–35. 3294: 3049:The top of this piece, the head, was recovered 2021:In the segment regarding the Sambaqui people, 1408:(4th century BC), and the vast set of Italian 879:bought the entire collection for five million 5787: 5773: 4618: 4593: 3903: 2887:" for the reconstruction of the Cathedral of 2165:Maracá culture, which lived in the region of 767:and South American archaeological artifacts, 4495:. São Paulo: Banco Safra. 2007. p. 282. 4464:. São Paulo: Banco Safra. 2007. p. 261. 4420:. São Paulo: Banco Safra. 2007. p. 334. 4406:. São Paulo: Banco Safra. 2007. p. 309. 4392:. São Paulo: Banco Safra. 2007. p. 308. 4378:. São Paulo: Banco Safra. 2007. p. 304. 4304:. São Paulo: Banco Safra. 2007. p. 296. 4264: 4230:. São Paulo: Banco Safra. 2007. p. 290. 4187: 4007:. São Paulo: Banco Safra. 2007. p. 238. 3848:. São Paulo: Banco Safra. 2007. p. 222. 3277: 1584: 827:With more than 700 items, the collection of 483:in seven months towards rebuilding efforts. 363:In the area of education, the museum offers 4338: 4183:. São Paulo: Banco Safra. 2007. p. 43. 4087:. São Paulo: Banco Safra. 2007. p. 19. 3733:. São Paulo: Banco Safra. 2007. p. 45. 3423: 1989:. Anthropomorphic funerary urn, 400–1400 AD 840:, who had been in charge of excavating the 5803:Balbino de Freitas (Brazilian archaeology) 5780: 5766: 4587: 1050:. Third Intermediate Period, XXI Dynasty, 645:and American geologist and paleontologist 50: 41: 6092:Burned buildings and structures in Brazil 4995:(in Portuguese). Extra. 1 September 2019. 4907: 4905: 4829:"Fire engulfs 200-year-old Brazil museum" 3431:"Fire engulfs 200-year-old Brazil museum" 2844:National Institute of Industrial Property 2670: 2269:Hunter-gatherer groups. Projectile point. 1800:, and several other examples of textiles. 1157: 1028:Stele of Raia. New Kingdom, XIX Dynasty, 6087:Building and structure collapses in 2018 4853: 3044: 2966: 2790: 2717: 2196:regions of Brazil) and the group of the 2152: 2104: 2036: 2026:material – the so-called 1981: 1977: 1640: 1618: 1588: 1282: 1167: 930: 747: 614: 606: 490: 227: 208: 4521:"Arqueologia Brasileira – Miracanguera" 3648: 3642: 3132:Knowledge:Notice on the National Museum 2962: 2013:and other minerals) and bones, such as 1648:, mummified by the Ecuadorian-Peruvian 6059: 5654: 5394: 4902: 3816: 3159:Instituto Brasileiro de Museus – IBRAM 1400:pottery (7th–4th centuries BC), Greek 970:The collection of votive and funerary 5761: 5740:The National Museum at Rio de Janeiro 4915:(in Portuguese). AECweb. 20 May 2019. 4866:from the original on 3 September 2018 4835:from the original on 3 September 2018 4781:from the original on 3 September 2018 4751:from the original on 3 September 2018 4701:from the original on 3 September 2018 4669:from the original on 3 September 2018 4531:from the original on 28 February 2017 4356:from the original on 14 February 2017 4326:from the original on 15 February 2017 4282:from the original on 14 February 2017 4252:from the original on 14 February 2017 4205:from the original on 14 February 2017 4032:from the original on 11 February 2017 3982:from the original on 11 February 2017 3691: 3685: 3467:from the original on 3 September 2018 3437:from the original on 3 September 2018 3411:from the original on 3 September 2018 3312:from the original on 15 February 2017 3288:Grande Enciclopédia Larousse Cultural 3261:(in Portuguese). 2018. Archived from 2950:of Brazil and was repatriated by the 2160:. Zoolite in the shape of a fish, w/d 733: 6102:Federal University of Rio de Janeiro 3866:Brancaglion Junior, Antonio (2007). 3228:(in Portuguese). Museu Nacional Ufrj 3121:National Historical Museum of Brazil 2971:Figures which had been in the museum 697:Federal University of Rio de Janeiro 375:(Botanical Garden), adjacent to the 310:Federal University of Rio de Janeiro 186:Federal University of Rio de Janeiro 5395:Rogero, Tiago (12 September 2024). 5161:Correio Brasiliense, Agência Brasil 4777:(in Portuguese). 2 September 2018. 4697:(in Portuguese). 2 September 2018. 3817:Barkos, Margaret Marchiori (2004). 3615:Simon Schwartzman (November 2010). 3463:(in Portuguese). 2 September 2018. 1333:of the 7th century BC to the Roman 771:, fossils and many other findings. 217:that housed the National Museum at 21:National Historical Museum (Brazil) 13: 6097:Collapsed buildings and structures 5707:from the original on 6 April 2021. 5648: 4854:Phillips, Dom (3 September 2018). 3949:from the original on 24 April 2016 3791:from the original on 15 March 2017 3714:10.1111/j.1945-5100.1963.tb01400.x 3544:(in Portuguese). 14 September 2018 3373:Acervo revista do Arquivo Nacional 2987:The document was also sent to the 2849:On 24 October 2018, a farmer from 2550:Artwork of an Egyptian sarcophagus 2249:, a cavern located in the city of 1817:man, found in the surroundings of 1695:cultures (mainly from present-day 1687:) and, to a lesser extent, of the 1671:of the Andean cultures (groups of 1603:Indigenous peoples of the Americas 763:collections of utensils, Egyptian 554:Carl Friedrich Philipp von Martius 507:(1769–1826) in 1818 with the name 14: 6143: 6122:Natural history museums in Brazil 5712: 5594:(in Portuguese). 3 December 2018. 4575:from the original on 1 March 2017 4062:from the original on 1 March 2018 3659:from the original on 10 June 2015 2752: 2593:Part of the preserved throne room 1000:, excavated from his tomb at the 515:, then a constituent part of the 328:into seven main nuclei: geology, 6117:Museums in Rio de Janeiro (city) 6082:Archaeological museums in Brazil 6044: 6032: 6020: 6008: 5996: 5984: 5972: 5960: 5948: 5841: 5626: 4721:"Reitora quer abrir ala em 2022" 3621:. Penn State Press. p. 53. 3040: 2710:This section is an excerpt from 2658: 2643: 2629: 2613: 2598: 2586: 2570: 2555: 2543: 2525: 2513: 2496: 2491:Historic artwork of the interior 2484: 2472: 2460: 2444: 2428: 2414: 2392: 2380: 2366: 2352: 2337: 2318: 2293: 2274: 2262: 2170:located in the outskirts of the 1963: 1949: 1935: 1921: 1904: 1881: 1856: 1834: 1778:, miniatures of Inca ceremonial 1570: 1556: 1542: 1525: 1511: 1499: 1481: 1459: 1440: 1321:The collection of Mediterranean 1249:Ferdinand II of the Two Sicilies 1142: 1128: 1113: 1097: 1085:Golden mask. Ptolemaic Kingdom, 1078: 1062: 1039: 1021: 963:by Everton Ralph, member of the 812: 441:Rio de Janeiro Zoological Garden 424:edifice was being treated as an 16:Museum in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil 5612: 5598: 5580: 5566: 5540: 5514: 5488: 5462: 5436: 5414: 5388: 5362: 5336: 5310: 5253: 5227: 5201: 5175: 5149: 5123: 5101: 5076: 5051: 5025: 4999: 4985: 4971: 4945: 4919: 4878: 4847: 4713: 4681: 4648: 4602:(in Portuguese). Archived from 4442:from the original on 3 May 2015 4146:(in Portuguese). Archived from 3819:Egiptomania – O Egito no Brasil 3754:(in Portuguese). Archived from 3671: 3608: 3582: 3556: 3530: 3504: 3479: 2245:branch. They were found at the 499:that housed the National Museum 252:, where it is installed in the 176:Alexander Wilhelm Armin Kellner 6107:Museums disestablished in 2018 6077:1810s establishments in Brazil 5916:National Museum of Brazil fire 5657:The American Historical Review 5292:"O que será do Museu Nacional" 3748:"Departamento de Antropologia" 3324: 3218: 3196: 3172: 3144: 2795:Drawings showing ancient vases 2712:National Museum of Brazil fire 2705:National Museum of Brazil fire 1845:. Head-shaped ceramic vessel, 1488:Corinthian oinochoe with lid, 781: 677:when the emperor was deposed. 1: 6127:Research institutes in Brazil 5576:. Band News. 1 December 2018. 3518:(in Portuguese). 4 April 2019 3137: 2866:Universidade Estadual do Pará 1893: 1871: 1846: 1632: 1489: 1086: 1051: 957:parapsychological experiences 889:, a relevant early member of 620: 544:of the 19th century, such as 4727:(in Portuguese). 8 July 201. 3332:"Archivos do Museu Nacional" 3180:"200 Anos do Museu Nacional" 3161:. p. 73. Archived from 2786: 2698: 2060:island, at the mouth of the 1287:Detail of a fresco from the 659:Carl August Wilhelm Schwacke 299:, as well as collections of 7: 6112:Museums established in 1818 3152:"Museus em Números, Vol. 1" 3109: 2328:. Anthropomorphic funerary 2253:, interior of the state of 2241:(or Aimoré) people, of the 538:Maria Leopoldina of Austria 10: 6148: 6072:National museums of Brazil 5927:Bendegó meteorite (report) 5909:Archivos do Museu Nacional 3972:"Culturas do Mediterrâneo" 3339:Arquivos do Museu Nacional 2952:National Museum of Denmark 2902:Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew 2853:donated 780 old Brazilian 2709: 2702: 2407: 2089:Mesoamerican civilizations 1745:, which flourished on the 1412:vases, with ceramics from 1161: 865:University of Buenos Aires 816: 737: 546:Maximilian zu Wied-Neuwied 486: 394:Archivos do Museu Nacional 18: 6067:National Museum of Brazil 5900: 5850: 5839: 5818:Mediterranean antiquities 5795: 5789:National Museum of Brazil 5724:National Museum of Brazil 4831:. BBC. 2 September 2018. 3596:(in Brazilian Portuguese) 3570:(in Brazilian Portuguese) 3433:. BBC. 2 September 2018. 2921:, and ritual headdresses. 2864:On 13 November 2018, the 1870:vase ("Inca Aryballos"), 1747:Valley of the Moche River 1737:homonymous region of Peru 1585:Pre-Columbian archaeology 1394:. The groups of Etruscan 941:Third Intermediate Period 887:José Bonifácio de Andrada 838:Giovanni Battista Belzoni 755:, which survived the fire 305:socioeconomic development 270:Brazilian imperial family 238:National Museum of Brazil 191: 181: 171: 161: 153: 145: 127: 88: 84:in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil 77: 62: 58: 49: 40: 33: 29:National Museum of Brazil 5875:Patos de Minas meteorite 4052:"Culturas Mediterrâneas" 3649:Roberts, Edmund (1837). 3103:pre-Columbian ceramics. 1636: 1200–1400 AD 1424:, which also stand out. 1404:(7th–5th centuries BC), 416:for each of them, and a 19:Not to be confused with 5719:National Museum website 5608:. G1. 13 December 2018. 3945:(in Portuguese). 2016. 3255:"Museu Nacional – UFRJ" 2802:German Foreign Ministry 2158:Trombetas River culture 1278:Republic was proclaimed 1210:empress Teresa Cristina 1016:, jewels, and amulets. 961:The Secret of the Mummy 647:Charles Frederick Hartt 637:'s famed expedition to 550:Johann Baptist von Spix 406:air-conditioning system 342:biological anthropology 260:), which is inside the 5833:Werner (rare minerals) 5747:Guided visit to museum 4594:Regina Dantas (2008). 3050: 2977:Jair Messias Bolsonaro 2972: 2883:created for the game " 2796: 2730:and were not damaged. 2726: 2671:Financial difficulties 2202:South region of Brazil 2161: 2113: 2079:River in the state of 2056:, which flourished on 2045: 1990: 1652: 1638: 1598: 1292: 1185: 1158:Mediterranean cultures 936: 797:Mediterranean cultures 756: 726:It was presented as a 663:Orville Adalbert Derby 626: 612: 558:Augustin Saint-Hilaire 500: 245: 233: 225: 157:approx. 150,000 (2017) 5921:Paço de São Cristóvão 5865:Avanhandava meteorite 3919:(in Portuguese). 2016 3306:Museu Nacional - UFRJ 3126:Paço de São Cristóvão 3048: 2970: 2794: 2721: 2665:Paleontological tools 2156: 2108: 2040: 1985: 1978:Brazilian archaeology 1899:years before present. 1735:, which arose in the 1657:textile manufacturing 1644: 1622: 1592: 1286: 1190:classical archaeology 1182: 5th century BC 1171: 947:: Hori, Pestjef, and 934: 751: 682:Paço de São Cristóvão 618: 610: 494: 377:Paço de São Cristóvão 282:Campo de Santana park 256:(Saint Christopher's 254:Paço de São Cristóvão 231: 212: 112:22.90583°S 43.22611°W 66:6 June 1818 5730: (archive index) 4898:on 4 September 2018. 4747:. 2 September 2018. 4596:"Só para os íntimos" 4242:"Cultura Lambayeque" 3681:. 25 September 2019. 3407:. 2 September 2018. 2963:Political influences 2247:Caverna da Babilônia 2178:Tupi-Guaraní culture 1850: 100 BC–800 AD 1261:Royal Bourbon Museum 861:Bernardino Rivadavia 855:This collection had 829:Egyptian archaeology 693:University of Brazil 635:Baron von Langsdorff 591:art of Ancient Egypt 569:His Imperial Majesty 562:Georg von Langsdorff 560:(1799–1853) and the 117:-22.90583; -43.22611 5622:. 13 December 2018. 4600:Revista de História 4350:Museu Nacional/UFRJ 4320:Museu Nacional/UFRJ 4276:Museu Nacional/UFRJ 4246:Museu Nacional/UFRJ 4199:Museu Nacional/UFRJ 4150:on 14 February 2017 4113:on 14 February 2017 4056:Museu Nacional/UFRJ 3976:Museu Nacional/UFRJ 3943:Museu Nacional/UFRJ 3939:"Egito Antigo (II)" 3785:Museu Nacional/UFRJ 3758:on 14 February 2017 3752:Museu Nacional/UFRJ 3706:1963Metic...2...22S 3348:on 4 September 2018 3265:on 15 February 2017 3168:on 29 October 2015. 3005:Chamber of Deputies 2889:Notre-Dame de Paris 1888:Mummy of a Chilean 1055: 1049–1026 BC 1033: 1300–1200 BC 1012:, alabaster bowls, 1002:Valley of the Kings 965:Rosicrucian society 686:Quinta da Boa Vista 655:Hermann von Ihering 445:Quinta da Boa Vista 426:archaeological site 402:destroyed in a fire 354:Antarctic continent 262:Quinta da Boa Vista 219:Quinta da Boa Vista 108: / 82:Quinta da Boa Vista 30: 5669:10.1093/ahr/rhz177 5033:"Alerj R$ 120 mi" 3781:"Egito Antigo (I)" 3051: 2973: 2797: 2727: 2309:in the shape of a 2162: 2114: 2046: 1991: 1843:Moche civilization 1825:, coming from the 1733:Lambayeque culture 1721:Moche civilization 1665:ceramic production 1653: 1639: 1599: 1466:Etruscan caryatid 1402:black-figure vases 1293: 1273:indigenous origins 1188:The collection of 1186: 937: 757: 734:Former collections 667:Émil August Goeldi 627: 613: 501: 234: 226: 28: 5936: 5935: 5870:Bendegó meteorite 5697:978-65-5729-007-1 5640:. 2 January 2019. 4665:(in Portuguese). 4571:(in Portuguese). 4527:(in Portuguese). 4438:(in Portuguese). 4352:(in Portuguese). 4322:(in Portuguese). 4316:"Cultura Chancay" 4278:(in Portuguese). 4248:(in Portuguese). 4201:(in Portuguese). 4058:(in Portuguese). 4028:(in Portuguese). 3978:(in Portuguese). 3787:(in Portuguese). 3628:978-0-271-04157-5 3308:(in Portuguese). 3088:National Congress 2989:National Congress 2833:cultural artifact 2288:of a human figure 2066:social complexity 2054:Marajoara culture 2015:projectile points 1987:Marajoara culture 1864:Inca civilization 1764:Inca civilization 1607:Pre-Columbian era 1493: 600–575 BC 1475: 620–560 BC 1429:Tanagra figurines 1269:Kingdom of Naples 863:, creator of the 842:Theban Necropolis 776:Bendegó meteorite 753:Bendegó meteorite 552:(1781–1826), and 513:Kingdom of Brazil 286:Casa dos Pássaros 266:House of Braganza 207: 206: 6139: 6049: 6048: 6047: 6037: 6036: 6035: 6025: 6024: 6023: 6013: 6012: 6001: 6000: 5989: 5988: 5977: 5976: 5975: 5965: 5964: 5963: 5953: 5952: 5951: 5944: 5845: 5844: 5782: 5775: 5768: 5759: 5758: 5748: 5708: 5706: 5689: 5672: 5642: 5641: 5630: 5624: 5623: 5616: 5610: 5609: 5602: 5596: 5595: 5584: 5578: 5577: 5570: 5564: 5563: 5561: 5559: 5544: 5538: 5537: 5535: 5533: 5518: 5512: 5511: 5509: 5507: 5492: 5486: 5485: 5483: 5481: 5466: 5460: 5459: 5457: 5455: 5440: 5434: 5433: 5431: 5429: 5418: 5412: 5411: 5409: 5407: 5392: 5386: 5385: 5383: 5381: 5366: 5360: 5359: 5357: 5355: 5344:"Wilson Saviano" 5340: 5334: 5333: 5331: 5329: 5314: 5308: 5307: 5305: 5303: 5288: 5277: 5276: 5274: 5272: 5257: 5251: 5250: 5248: 5246: 5231: 5225: 5224: 5222: 5220: 5205: 5199: 5198: 5196: 5194: 5179: 5173: 5172: 5170: 5168: 5153: 5147: 5146: 5144: 5142: 5127: 5121: 5120: 5118: 5116: 5105: 5099: 5098: 5096: 5094: 5080: 5074: 5073: 5071: 5069: 5055: 5049: 5048: 5046: 5044: 5029: 5023: 5022: 5020: 5018: 5007:"Reconstruction" 5003: 4997: 4996: 4989: 4983: 4982: 4975: 4969: 4968: 4966: 4964: 4949: 4943: 4942: 4940: 4938: 4923: 4917: 4916: 4909: 4900: 4899: 4882: 4876: 4875: 4873: 4871: 4851: 4845: 4844: 4842: 4840: 4825: 4819: 4818: 4816: 4814: 4800: 4791: 4790: 4788: 4786: 4767: 4761: 4760: 4758: 4756: 4735: 4729: 4728: 4717: 4711: 4710: 4708: 4706: 4685: 4679: 4678: 4676: 4674: 4662:Folha de S.Paulo 4652: 4646: 4645: 4643: 4641: 4627: 4616: 4615: 4613: 4611: 4591: 4585: 4584: 4582: 4580: 4561: 4555: 4554: 4551:O Museu Nacional 4547: 4541: 4540: 4538: 4536: 4517: 4511: 4510: 4507:O Museu Nacional 4503: 4497: 4496: 4493:O Museu Nacional 4489: 4483: 4482: 4479:O Museu Nacional 4475: 4466: 4465: 4462:O Museu Nacional 4458: 4452: 4451: 4449: 4447: 4428: 4422: 4421: 4418:O Museu Nacional 4414: 4408: 4407: 4404:O Museu Nacional 4400: 4394: 4393: 4390:O Museu Nacional 4386: 4380: 4379: 4376:O Museu Nacional 4372: 4366: 4365: 4363: 4361: 4342: 4336: 4335: 4333: 4331: 4312: 4306: 4305: 4302:O Museu Nacional 4298: 4292: 4291: 4289: 4287: 4268: 4262: 4261: 4259: 4257: 4238: 4232: 4231: 4228:O Museu Nacional 4224: 4215: 4214: 4212: 4210: 4191: 4185: 4184: 4181:O Museu Nacional 4177: 4160: 4159: 4157: 4155: 4136: 4123: 4122: 4120: 4118: 4112: 4105: 4095: 4089: 4088: 4085:O Museu Nacional 4081: 4072: 4071: 4069: 4067: 4048: 4042: 4041: 4039: 4037: 4018: 4009: 4008: 4005:O Museu Nacional 4001: 3992: 3991: 3989: 3987: 3968: 3959: 3958: 3956: 3954: 3935: 3929: 3928: 3926: 3924: 3914: 3907: 3901: 3900: 3897:O Museu Nacional 3893: 3872: 3871: 3863: 3850: 3849: 3846:O Museu Nacional 3842: 3833: 3832: 3814: 3801: 3800: 3798: 3796: 3777: 3768: 3767: 3765: 3763: 3744: 3735: 3734: 3731:O Museu Nacional 3727: 3718: 3717: 3689: 3683: 3682: 3675: 3669: 3668: 3666: 3664: 3646: 3640: 3639: 3637: 3635: 3612: 3606: 3605: 3603: 3601: 3594:Folha De S.Paulo 3586: 3580: 3579: 3577: 3575: 3560: 3554: 3553: 3551: 3549: 3534: 3528: 3527: 3525: 3523: 3508: 3502: 3501: 3499: 3497: 3483: 3477: 3476: 3474: 3472: 3453: 3447: 3446: 3444: 3442: 3427: 3421: 3420: 3418: 3416: 3395: 3389: 3388: 3386: 3384: 3379:on 26 April 2018 3364: 3358: 3357: 3355: 3353: 3347: 3336: 3328: 3322: 3321: 3319: 3317: 3298: 3292: 3291: 3284: 3275: 3274: 3272: 3270: 3251: 3238: 3237: 3235: 3233: 3222: 3216: 3215: 3213: 3211: 3200: 3194: 3193: 3191: 3184: 3176: 3170: 3169: 3167: 3156: 3148: 2948:Tupinambá people 2885:Assassin's Creed 2875:On 25 May 2019, 2814:Maracanã Stadium 2743: 2724:Emperor Pedro II 2662: 2647: 2633: 2617: 2602: 2590: 2574: 2559: 2547: 2529: 2517: 2500: 2488: 2476: 2464: 2448: 2432: 2418: 2396: 2384: 2370: 2356: 2341: 2322: 2301:Santarém culture 2297: 2282:Sambaqui culture 2278: 2266: 2182:Tupinambá people 2110:Santarém culture 2073:Santarém culture 2042:Santarém culture 1967: 1953: 1939: 1925: 1908: 1898: 1897: 4700–3400 1895: 1885: 1876: 1875: 1430–1532 1873: 1860: 1851: 1848: 1838: 1827:Jivaroan peoples 1650:Jivaroan peoples 1637: 1634: 1574: 1560: 1546: 1529: 1515: 1503: 1494: 1491: 1485: 1476: 1463: 1444: 1406:Gnathian vessels 1218:Emperor Pedro II 1183: 1146: 1132: 1117: 1101: 1091: 1088: 1082: 1066: 1056: 1053: 1043: 1034: 1025: 850:Temple of Karnak 695:, currently the 625: 622: 530:(1798–1834), to 443:nearby, part of 298: 203: 200: 198: 123: 122: 120: 119: 118: 113: 109: 106: 105: 104: 101: 73: 71: 54: 45: 31: 27: 6147: 6146: 6142: 6141: 6140: 6138: 6137: 6136: 6057: 6056: 6055: 6045: 6043: 6033: 6031: 6021: 6019: 6007: 5995: 5983: 5973: 5971: 5961: 5959: 5949: 5947: 5939: 5937: 5932: 5896: 5846: 5842: 5837: 5813:Funerary steles 5791: 5786: 5754:(in Portuguese) 5746: 5728:Wayback Machine 5715: 5704: 5698: 5687: 5651: 5649:Further reading 5646: 5645: 5632: 5631: 5627: 5618: 5617: 5613: 5604: 5603: 5599: 5586: 5585: 5581: 5572: 5571: 5567: 5557: 5555: 5554:(in Portuguese) 5552:Senado Notícias 5546: 5545: 5541: 5531: 5529: 5528:(in Portuguese) 5520: 5519: 5515: 5505: 5503: 5502:(in Portuguese) 5494: 5493: 5489: 5479: 5477: 5476:(in Portuguese) 5468: 5467: 5463: 5453: 5451: 5450:(in Portuguese) 5442: 5441: 5437: 5427: 5425: 5424:(in Portuguese) 5420: 5419: 5415: 5405: 5403: 5393: 5389: 5379: 5377: 5376:(in Portuguese) 5370:"Books donated" 5368: 5367: 5363: 5353: 5351: 5350:(in Portuguese) 5342: 5341: 5337: 5327: 5325: 5324:(in Portuguese) 5316: 5315: 5311: 5301: 5299: 5298:(in Portuguese) 5290: 5289: 5280: 5270: 5268: 5267:(in Portuguese) 5259: 5258: 5254: 5244: 5242: 5241:(in Portuguese) 5233: 5232: 5228: 5218: 5216: 5215:(in Portuguese) 5207: 5206: 5202: 5192: 5190: 5189:(in Portuguese) 5181: 5180: 5176: 5166: 5164: 5163:(in Portuguese) 5155: 5154: 5150: 5140: 5138: 5137:(in Portuguese) 5129: 5128: 5124: 5114: 5112: 5111:(in Portuguese) 5107: 5106: 5102: 5092: 5090: 5082: 5081: 5077: 5067: 5065: 5057: 5056: 5052: 5042: 5040: 5039:(in Portuguese) 5031: 5030: 5026: 5016: 5014: 5013:(in Portuguese) 5005: 5004: 5000: 4991: 4990: 4986: 4977: 4976: 4972: 4962: 4960: 4959:(in Portuguese) 4951: 4950: 4946: 4936: 4934: 4933:(in Portuguese) 4925: 4924: 4920: 4911: 4910: 4903: 4884: 4883: 4879: 4869: 4867: 4852: 4848: 4838: 4836: 4827: 4826: 4822: 4812: 4810: 4802: 4801: 4794: 4784: 4782: 4769: 4768: 4764: 4754: 4752: 4737: 4736: 4732: 4719: 4718: 4714: 4704: 4702: 4687: 4686: 4682: 4672: 4670: 4653: 4649: 4639: 4637: 4629: 4628: 4619: 4609: 4607: 4606:on 24 June 2016 4592: 4588: 4578: 4576: 4563: 4562: 4558: 4549: 4548: 4544: 4534: 4532: 4519: 4518: 4514: 4505: 4504: 4500: 4491: 4490: 4486: 4477: 4476: 4469: 4460: 4459: 4455: 4445: 4443: 4430: 4429: 4425: 4416: 4415: 4411: 4402: 4401: 4397: 4388: 4387: 4383: 4374: 4373: 4369: 4359: 4357: 4344: 4343: 4339: 4329: 4327: 4314: 4313: 4309: 4300: 4299: 4295: 4285: 4283: 4272:"Cultura Chimu" 4270: 4269: 4265: 4255: 4253: 4240: 4239: 4235: 4226: 4225: 4218: 4208: 4206: 4195:"Cultura Moche" 4193: 4192: 4188: 4179: 4178: 4163: 4153: 4151: 4138: 4137: 4126: 4116: 4114: 4110: 4103: 4097: 4096: 4092: 4083: 4082: 4075: 4065: 4063: 4050: 4049: 4045: 4035: 4033: 4020: 4019: 4012: 4003: 4002: 3995: 3985: 3983: 3970: 3969: 3962: 3952: 3950: 3937: 3936: 3932: 3922: 3920: 3909: 3908: 3904: 3895: 3894: 3875: 3864: 3853: 3844: 3843: 3836: 3829: 3815: 3804: 3794: 3792: 3779: 3778: 3771: 3761: 3759: 3746: 3745: 3738: 3729: 3728: 3721: 3690: 3686: 3677: 3676: 3672: 3662: 3660: 3647: 3643: 3633: 3631: 3629: 3613: 3609: 3599: 3597: 3588: 3587: 3583: 3573: 3571: 3562: 3561: 3557: 3547: 3545: 3536: 3535: 3531: 3521: 3519: 3510: 3509: 3505: 3495: 3493: 3485: 3484: 3480: 3470: 3468: 3455: 3454: 3450: 3440: 3438: 3429: 3428: 3424: 3414: 3412: 3397: 3396: 3392: 3382: 3380: 3365: 3361: 3351: 3349: 3345: 3334: 3330: 3329: 3325: 3315: 3313: 3300: 3299: 3295: 3286: 3285: 3278: 3268: 3266: 3253: 3252: 3241: 3231: 3229: 3224: 3223: 3219: 3209: 3207: 3202: 3201: 3197: 3192:on 8 July 2017. 3189: 3182: 3178: 3177: 3173: 3165: 3154: 3150: 3149: 3145: 3140: 3112: 3076:Banco do Brasil 3043: 2981:Fernando Haddad 2965: 2789: 2755: 2750: 2749: 2737: 2715: 2707: 2701: 2673: 2666: 2663: 2654: 2648: 2639: 2634: 2625: 2618: 2609: 2603: 2594: 2591: 2582: 2575: 2566: 2560: 2551: 2548: 2539: 2530: 2521: 2520:Ceiling artwork 2518: 2509: 2501: 2492: 2489: 2480: 2477: 2468: 2465: 2456: 2449: 2440: 2433: 2424: 2419: 2410: 2403: 2397: 2388: 2385: 2376: 2371: 2362: 2357: 2348: 2342: 2333: 2323: 2314: 2298: 2289: 2279: 2270: 2267: 2003:hunter-gatherer 1999:horticulturists 1980: 1973: 1968: 1959: 1954: 1945: 1940: 1931: 1926: 1917: 1909: 1900: 1896: 1886: 1877: 1874: 1861: 1852: 1849: 1839: 1754:Chancay culture 1635: 1631:, Late Period, 1625:Chancay culture 1587: 1580: 1575: 1566: 1561: 1552: 1547: 1538: 1530: 1521: 1516: 1507: 1504: 1495: 1492: 1486: 1477: 1474: 1464: 1455: 1447:Venus or Leda. 1445: 1331:geometric style 1181: 1166: 1160: 1153: 1147: 1138: 1133: 1124: 1118: 1109: 1102: 1093: 1089: 1083: 1074: 1067: 1058: 1054: 1046:Sarcophagus of 1044: 1035: 1032: 1026: 825: 815: 784: 746: 736: 643:Theodor Peckolt 623: 532:H.I. & R.H. 497:Imperial Palace 489: 428:and undergoing 414:circuit breaker 365:specializations 325:natural science 321:anthropological 317:natural history 292: 215:Imperial Palace 195: 146:Collection size 132:Natural history 116: 114: 110: 107: 102: 99: 97: 95: 94: 69: 67: 36: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 6145: 6135: 6134: 6129: 6124: 6119: 6114: 6109: 6104: 6099: 6094: 6089: 6084: 6079: 6074: 6069: 6054: 6053: 6051:Ancient Greece 6041: 6029: 6017: 6005: 5993: 5981: 5969: 5957: 5934: 5933: 5931: 5930: 5924: 5918: 5913: 5904: 5902: 5898: 5897: 5895: 5894: 5892:Sha-Amun-en-su 5889: 5884: 5881:Maxakalisaurus 5877: 5872: 5867: 5862: 5854: 5852: 5848: 5847: 5840: 5838: 5836: 5835: 5830: 5825: 5820: 5815: 5810: 5805: 5799: 5797: 5793: 5792: 5785: 5784: 5777: 5770: 5762: 5756: 5755: 5743: 5742:Jens Andermann 5737: 5736:Jens Andermann 5731: 5721: 5714: 5713:External links 5711: 5710: 5709: 5696: 5673: 5663:(2): 569–580. 5650: 5647: 5644: 5643: 5625: 5611: 5597: 5579: 5565: 5539: 5513: 5487: 5461: 5435: 5413: 5387: 5361: 5335: 5309: 5278: 5252: 5226: 5200: 5174: 5148: 5122: 5100: 5075: 5050: 5024: 4998: 4984: 4970: 4944: 4918: 4901: 4877: 4846: 4820: 4792: 4762: 4730: 4712: 4680: 4647: 4617: 4586: 4569:Museu Nacional 4556: 4542: 4525:Museu Nacional 4512: 4498: 4484: 4467: 4453: 4436:Museu Nacional 4423: 4409: 4395: 4381: 4367: 4346:"Cultura Inca" 4337: 4307: 4293: 4263: 4233: 4216: 4186: 4161: 4124: 4090: 4073: 4043: 4026:Agência Brasil 4010: 3993: 3960: 3930: 3902: 3873: 3851: 3834: 3827: 3802: 3769: 3736: 3719: 3684: 3670: 3641: 3627: 3607: 3581: 3555: 3529: 3503: 3478: 3448: 3422: 3390: 3359: 3323: 3293: 3276: 3239: 3217: 3204:"Museum lives" 3195: 3171: 3142: 3141: 3139: 3136: 3135: 3134: 3129: 3123: 3118: 3111: 3108: 3042: 3039: 3028:A proposal by 3010:Jair Bolsonaro 2964: 2961: 2960: 2959: 2944: 2925: 2922: 2907:Queen Victoria 2898: 2895: 2892: 2873: 2862: 2847: 2840: 2836: 2817: 2788: 2785: 2754: 2753:Reconstruction 2751: 2716: 2708: 2703:Main article: 2700: 2697: 2672: 2669: 2668: 2667: 2664: 2657: 2655: 2650:Ancient Greek 2649: 2642: 2640: 2635: 2628: 2626: 2620:Pre-Columbian 2619: 2612: 2610: 2604: 2597: 2595: 2592: 2585: 2583: 2576: 2569: 2567: 2561: 2554: 2552: 2549: 2542: 2540: 2537:Sha-Amun-en-su 2531: 2524: 2522: 2519: 2512: 2510: 2502: 2495: 2493: 2490: 2483: 2481: 2479:Pompeii fresco 2478: 2471: 2469: 2467:Pompeii fresco 2466: 2459: 2457: 2451:Recreation of 2450: 2443: 2441: 2437:Maxakalisaurus 2434: 2427: 2425: 2420: 2413: 2409: 2406: 2405: 2404: 2398: 2391: 2389: 2387:Marajora items 2386: 2379: 2377: 2372: 2365: 2363: 2358: 2351: 2349: 2343: 2336: 2334: 2332:, 1000–1500 AD 2326:Maracá culture 2324: 2317: 2315: 2313:, 1000–1400 AD 2299: 2292: 2290: 2280: 2273: 2271: 2268: 2261: 2234: 2233: 2198:Guaraní people 2175: 2151: 2150: 2134: 2127: 2103: 2102: 2070: 1979: 1976: 1975: 1974: 1969: 1962: 1960: 1955: 1948: 1946: 1941: 1934: 1932: 1927: 1920: 1918: 1910: 1903: 1901: 1887: 1880: 1878: 1862: 1855: 1853: 1840: 1833: 1811:Atacama Desert 1802: 1801: 1761: 1751: 1740: 1730: 1724: 1718: 1586: 1583: 1582: 1581: 1576: 1569: 1567: 1562: 1555: 1553: 1548: 1541: 1539: 1531: 1524: 1522: 1517: 1510: 1508: 1505: 1498: 1496: 1487: 1480: 1478: 1465: 1458: 1456: 1454:, Hellenistic. 1446: 1439: 1302:Temple of Isis 1289:Temple of Isis 1234:Carolina Murat 1230:Mount Vesuvius 1159: 1156: 1155: 1154: 1148: 1141: 1139: 1134: 1127: 1125: 1119: 1112: 1110: 1103: 1096: 1094: 1084: 1077: 1075: 1068: 1061: 1059: 1045: 1038: 1036: 1027: 1020: 1014:funerary cones 906:Sha-Amun-en-su 869:La Plata River 814: 811: 783: 780: 735: 732: 675:Ladislau Netto 602:Edmund Roberts 488: 485: 430:reconstruction 385:Espírito Santo 373:Horto Botânico 250:Rio de Janeiro 246:Museu Nacional 205: 204: 193: 189: 188: 183: 179: 178: 173: 169: 168: 163: 159: 158: 155: 151: 150: 147: 143: 142: 129: 125: 124: 92: 86: 85: 79: 75: 74: 64: 60: 59: 56: 55: 47: 46: 38: 37: 35:Museu Nacional 34: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6144: 6133: 6130: 6128: 6125: 6123: 6120: 6118: 6115: 6113: 6110: 6108: 6105: 6103: 6100: 6098: 6095: 6093: 6090: 6088: 6085: 6083: 6080: 6078: 6075: 6073: 6070: 6068: 6065: 6064: 6062: 6052: 6042: 6040: 6039:Ancient Egypt 6030: 6028: 6018: 6016: 6011: 6006: 6004: 5999: 5994: 5992: 5987: 5982: 5980: 5970: 5968: 5958: 5956: 5955:Latin America 5946: 5945: 5942: 5928: 5925: 5922: 5919: 5917: 5914: 5912:(publication) 5911: 5910: 5906: 5905: 5903: 5899: 5893: 5890: 5888: 5885: 5883: 5882: 5878: 5876: 5873: 5871: 5868: 5866: 5863: 5861: 5860: 5856: 5855: 5853: 5849: 5834: 5831: 5829: 5826: 5824: 5821: 5819: 5816: 5814: 5811: 5809: 5806: 5804: 5801: 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4664: 4663: 4658: 4651: 4636: 4635:The Economist 4632: 4626: 4624: 4622: 4605: 4601: 4597: 4590: 4574: 4570: 4566: 4560: 4552: 4546: 4530: 4526: 4522: 4516: 4508: 4502: 4494: 4488: 4480: 4474: 4472: 4463: 4457: 4441: 4437: 4433: 4427: 4419: 4413: 4405: 4399: 4391: 4385: 4377: 4371: 4355: 4351: 4347: 4341: 4325: 4321: 4317: 4311: 4303: 4297: 4281: 4277: 4273: 4267: 4251: 4247: 4243: 4237: 4229: 4223: 4221: 4204: 4200: 4196: 4190: 4182: 4176: 4174: 4172: 4170: 4168: 4166: 4149: 4145: 4141: 4135: 4133: 4131: 4129: 4109: 4102: 4101: 4094: 4086: 4080: 4078: 4061: 4057: 4053: 4047: 4031: 4027: 4023: 4017: 4015: 4006: 4000: 3998: 3981: 3977: 3973: 3967: 3965: 3948: 3944: 3940: 3934: 3918: 3913: 3906: 3898: 3892: 3890: 3888: 3886: 3884: 3882: 3880: 3878: 3869: 3862: 3860: 3858: 3856: 3847: 3841: 3839: 3830: 3828:85-72-44261-8 3824: 3820: 3813: 3811: 3809: 3807: 3790: 3786: 3782: 3776: 3774: 3757: 3753: 3749: 3743: 3741: 3732: 3726: 3724: 3715: 3711: 3707: 3703: 3699: 3695: 3688: 3680: 3674: 3658: 3654: 3653: 3645: 3630: 3624: 3620: 3619: 3611: 3595: 3591: 3585: 3569: 3565: 3559: 3543: 3539: 3533: 3517: 3513: 3507: 3492: 3491:The Economist 3488: 3482: 3466: 3462: 3458: 3452: 3436: 3432: 3426: 3410: 3406: 3405: 3400: 3394: 3378: 3374: 3370: 3363: 3344: 3340: 3333: 3327: 3311: 3307: 3303: 3297: 3289: 3283: 3281: 3264: 3260: 3259:Museus do Rio 3256: 3250: 3248: 3246: 3244: 3227: 3221: 3205: 3199: 3188: 3181: 3175: 3164: 3160: 3153: 3147: 3143: 3133: 3130: 3127: 3124: 3122: 3119: 3117: 3114: 3113: 3107: 3104: 3100: 3096: 3092: 3089: 3085: 3081: 3077: 3073: 3069: 3065: 3061: 3057: 3047: 3041:Recent events 3038: 3034: 3031: 3026: 3023: 3022:Louvre Museum 3019: 3015: 3011: 3006: 3002: 2996: 2992: 2990: 2985: 2982: 2978: 2969: 2957: 2953: 2949: 2945: 2942: 2938: 2934: 2930: 2926: 2923: 2920: 2916: 2912: 2908: 2903: 2899: 2896: 2893: 2890: 2886: 2882: 2878: 2874: 2871: 2867: 2863: 2860: 2856: 2852: 2848: 2845: 2841: 2837: 2834: 2830: 2826: 2822: 2818: 2815: 2811: 2807: 2803: 2799: 2798: 2793: 2784: 2780: 2776: 2773: 2769: 2763: 2759: 2747: 2741: 2736: 2731: 2725: 2720: 2713: 2706: 2696: 2692: 2690: 2686: 2682: 2678: 2661: 2656: 2653: 2646: 2641: 2638: 2632: 2627: 2623: 2616: 2611: 2607: 2606:Pre-Columbian 2601: 2596: 2589: 2584: 2580: 2573: 2568: 2564: 2558: 2553: 2546: 2541: 2538: 2534: 2528: 2523: 2516: 2511: 2508: 2505: 2499: 2494: 2487: 2482: 2475: 2470: 2463: 2458: 2454: 2447: 2442: 2439: 2438: 2431: 2426: 2423: 2417: 2412: 2411: 2401: 2395: 2390: 2383: 2378: 2375: 2369: 2364: 2361: 2355: 2350: 2347: 2340: 2335: 2331: 2327: 2321: 2316: 2312: 2308: 2307: 2302: 2296: 2291: 2287: 2283: 2277: 2272: 2265: 2260: 2259: 2258: 2256: 2252: 2248: 2244: 2240: 2231: 2227: 2223: 2219: 2215: 2211: 2207: 2204:and parts of 2203: 2199: 2195: 2191: 2187: 2183: 2179: 2176: 2173: 2168: 2164: 2163: 2159: 2155: 2147: 2143: 2139: 2135: 2132: 2128: 2124: 2120: 2116: 2115: 2111: 2107: 2100: 2096: 2095: 2090: 2086: 2082: 2078: 2074: 2071: 2067: 2063: 2059: 2055: 2052: 2051: 2050: 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