Lufthansa Flight 181

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commander Wegener gave the order "Feuerzauber" (Magic Fire). Two British SAS operators threw new types of diversionary "flashbang" stun grenades into the air over the front exterior of the cockpit to distract and cause confusion inside. Whilst the GSG 9 observation and sniper command surrounding the aircraft provided cover, the GSG 9 assault teams swiftly climbed up their ladders, tore open the aircraft doors, and entered. Wegener, leading one of two groups, opened the forward doors. Two other groups, one led by Joachim Hümmer, stormed the aircraft using ladders to climb up onto the wings and simultaneously open both overwing emergency doors. Meanwhile, two teams, one led by Dieter Fox, each opened the rear doors. Though the GSG 9 assault teams were armed with

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that the man who had met Schumann at the airport in Aden was identified: Sheikh Ahmed Mansur, an Air Force General in command of a special Yemeni unit, who controlled the airport and surrounded the plane. Mansur testified that the captain, concerned for the lives of his passengers, demanded that they comply with the hijackers' demands. "I told him: I can fulfill any other request, but it is impossible for the passengers to disembark and the hijackers to negotiate from Yemeni soil. The conversation lasted eight to nine minutes," Mansur said. He only spoke to me. The ex-general also recalled Schumann's last words: "I'm going back now. I'm sure they're going to kill me."

29: 3074: 2276: 4945: 4922: 1701: 1635: 1580: 2669: 529:. Norwegian. Along with Piegler and Dillmann, she took responsibility for looking after and supporting the terrified passengers. She was also awarded the German Federal Cross of Merit for her courage. She marked her 28th birthday on the flight. In an unsettling gesture, Akache (Captain Mahmoud), the leader of the hijack group, ordered a birthday cake and champagne via the radio in Dubai. The airport catering supplied a cake with 28 candles, embellished with "Happy Birthday Anna-Maria". 1487:. The Somali government had initially refused the plane permission to land but relented when the jet airliner appeared in Somali airspace, fearing for the passengers' lives. The chief hijacker, Mahmoud (Akache), told co-pilot Vietor that he was very impressed by Vietor's flying skills and that he was free to disembark and flee since the crippled plane was in no state to fly elsewhere. Vietor, however, chose to stay on board with the 87 passengers and three remaining crew members. 6143: 2448:. The lease is fixed for 15 years. This rent includes the costs for the now-completed renovations. It has now been decided that the aircraft, which has been rebuilt several times and most recently used as a cargo plane, will not be restored to its 1977 condition. "The focus is on preserving a special historical object with a varied history," said the Federal Agency for Civic Education. Work was being carried out in Hall Q, adjacent to the Spacetech Arena in 2729: 1668: 1455:

and fly the jet airliner again until a thorough engineering inspection had been conducted. After the engineers claimed that the airframe was intact, Mahmoud allowed Schumann to check the condition of the landing gear and engines. Both engines had ingested a copious amount of sand and dirt at maximum reverse thrust and were clogged. The landing gear had not collapsed, but its structure was weakened, and its extension/retraction mechanism was damaged.

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onto the tarmac and whisked away in an ambulance. During the day, the hijackers asked for food and medication, which were sent after the Somali government gave its permission; a Somali request that the hijackers release the women and children in exchange for the supplies was rejected. The hijackers set a 16:00 CEST deadline for the Red Army Faction (RAF) prisoners to be released, threatening to blow up the aircraft. The hijackers poured

1692: 1624: 1569: 2693: 2705: 2657: 6155: 1451:, just as it had been at the other airports in the region. Both main runways and the apron were blocked by military jeeps, tanks, and other vehicles. With the plane running dangerously low on fuel, the Aden airport authorities adamantly refused to clear the runways, leaving co-pilot Vietor little choice but to make a forced landing on an unpaved sand strip roughly parallel to both runways at 15:55 CEST. 2717: 1311:

CEST on 14 October. Upon arrival, the aircraft was immediately surrounded by armed troops. Mahmoud radioed the control tower, threatening to shoot the co-pilot unless the soldiers were withdrawn. After a stand-off with the control tower, during which Mahmoud set a five‑minute deadline and held a loaded pistol to Vietor's head, the troops were withdrawn. The aircraft was then refuelled and took off for

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several more hours, but this was a ruse. The hijackers agreed to extend the deadline to 02:30 CEST the following morning (18 October). Mahmoud, now in high spirits, projected himself as the victor as the hijackers untied the hostages. But unbeknownst to them, the West German counter-terrorism unit GSG 9 was preparing to storm the Lufthansa aircraft and bring the dramatic hijacking to a decisive end.

929:, angrily burst into the cockpit, brandishing a fully loaded pistol. He forcibly removed Vietor from the cockpit, sending him to the economy class area to join the passengers and flight attendants, leaving Schumann at the flight controls. As the other three hijackers knocked over food trays and ordered the hostages to put their hands on their heads, Mahmoud coerced Captain Schumann to fly east to 2444:) has confirmed that the "Landshut" display will be relocated to Hall Q in October 2024. The display will be housed in a reconstructed hall. The renovation costs have not been specified, but the monthly rent for the hall, which measures 2,700 square metres (29,000 sq ft) plus nearly 1,700 square metres (18,000 sq ft) of open space, is 47,000 425:, after being permitted to leave the aircraft to check its airworthiness following a forced landing on an unpaved sand strip, he also spoke with Yemeni airport authorities to try and ensure the plane remained grounded. On his return, he boarded the plane after a long absence, only to be murdered by terrorist leader Zohair Yousif Akache (nom de guerre 2420:. The plans did not meet with approval from historians and experts, due to its remote location and lack of connection between the German army and the "Landshut" aircraft. CSU members of the Munich city council proposed bringing the aircraft to Munich, and an application was filed to see if the plane could be exhibited at former 545:) by the German press for her courageous behaviour. Along with her flight crew, she was awarded the German Federal Cross of Merit for her courage. She subsequently married Lufthansa pilot Rüdeger von Lutzau, who piloted the Lufthansa Boeing 707 aircraft with the GSG 9 counter-terrorism unit that landed in Mogadishu. As 2303:. While under the control of the hijackers, the plane had traveled 10,000 kilometres (6,200 mi). The damaged aircraft was ferried back to Germany, repaired, and returned to service in late November 1977. It continued to fly for Lufthansa until September 1985 and was sold three months later to US carrier 2079:

content, the grenades were deemed unsuitable and were not used in the plane; they also would not have contributed to the success of the operation. However, GSG 9 commander Wegener assigned the two British SAS operatives to participate in the GSG 9 assault operation, specifically deploying the British

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In press news footage, one female hijacker who survived her gunshot wounds, Andrawes Sayeh, was seen lying on a stretcher covered in blood after being shot in the legs and lungs. After the passengers were freed, as she was wheeled through the arrivals hall of Mogadishu airport, she raised her hand in

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During the assault, as gunfire was exchanged, the evacuation of hostages first began through the rear aircraft doors, followed by the emergency wing exits. The passengers and crew were urgently ordered and ushered to evacuate the aircraft. Just seven intense minutes after the assault had began, GSG 9

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After the twin‐engine aircraft was parked in front of the main airport terminal, it was surrounded at a distance by armed Somali troops. Schumann's corpse, which had been stored in a coat closet on board the flight throughout the final leg of the journey, was dumped via the aircraft's right rear door

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The plane remained largely intact following the ground roll. However, when the Aden authorities instructed the hijackers and pilots to fly away, both pilots were concerned about the aircraft's airworthiness after its rough landing on rugged, rocky, and sandy terrain. They deemed it unsafe to take off

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was also closed to them. Schumann radioed flight control and stated that they had insufficient fuel to fly elsewhere. Despite being told again that the airport was closed, he was suddenly given an automatic landing frequency by the flight controller. The plane finally touched down in Bahrain at 01:52

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airspace, an agreement was reached, and Somalia gave the green light for the rescue operation at Mogadishu. Federal Chancellor Helmut Schmidt then held a telephone conversation with GSG 9 commander Ulrich Wegener, ending with words implying, "Over to you." To this end, the West German government not

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as he died, wounding stewardess Gabriele Dillmann in the legs. Fortunately, the grenade did not have a fragmentation casing. The other young female hijacker, Hind Alameh, was initially unspotted and feared to have hidden among the evacuating passengers. After a brief search, she emerged from taking

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The letter, which Payot said contained "demands and precise deadlines," was immediately forwarded to the Federal Chancellery in Bonn. Payot kept an earlier promise to the West German government that he would not divulge details of the messages that went through his office. Schleyer's kidnappers had

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While maintaining a rigorous news blackout, the West German government, stalling for time—a strategy they had already adopted early in the crisis of the kidnapping of West German industrialist Hanns Martin Schleyer on 5 September—asked the hijackers to "clarify" some points in their communiqué. The

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in Friedrichshafen. The plan to restore and display it in its original 1977 Lufthansa livery was never carried out. Funding issues and questions over competing responsibilities between ministries delayed the project, as did uncertainty over €300,000 in yearly costs. In February 2020, a proposal to

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Schumann did not immediately return to the plane after inspecting it, despite numerous calls from the hijackers threatening to detonate the aircraft due to his absence. The reasons for his prolonged absence remained unclear for a long time. It was only in 2008, as part of a television documentary,

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In Dubai, the hijackers instructed the control tower to send airport crew staff to empty the toilet tanks, supply food, water, medicine, and newspapers, and take away the rubbish. Captain Schumann was able to communicate the number of hijackers on board, specifying that there were two male and two

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Of the 20 people identified as perpetrators in Schleyer's kidnapping, 17 were caught and convicted, two were shot during arrest. One person was not captured and was considered missing. Those involved who are still alive did not reveal the name of the individual responsible for the execution for a

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After the GSG 9 observation and sniper command reported over the radio that the two male hijackers and the co-pilot were in the cockpit, the assault teams approached their assigned aircraft doors, put up their rubber-tipped aluminum ladders, and waited for the order to enter. At 00:05 CEST, GSG 9

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in the rescue operation. The British SAS (Special Air Service Regiment) offered these new types of grenades, which were tested for effectiveness in Dubai. Due to the high phosphorus content, the grenades were deemed unsuitable and were not used in the plane. Reports suggest that up to 45 hours of

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in the early light of dawn, the hijackers and pilots saw the runway blocked with military jeeps, trucks, and fire engines. Running short of fuel, Schumann radioed the control tower to announce that they were going to land anyway. As they made a low pass over the airport, the vehicles were finally

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service revolver. Each GSG 9 assault team consisted of two men holding a ladder, three climbing it, one opening the door, and another, weapon ready, storming into the plane, followed by the rest of the team. Fox found himself with a clear path, with the hijackers further up the plane. He grabbed

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over the hostages, telling them it would make them burn better, in preparation for the destruction of the aircraft, which ultimately did not occur. The hijackers were then told that the West German government had agreed to release the RAF prisoners and that their transfer to Mogadishu would take

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Schumann subsequently boarded the plane, only to face the wrath of Mahmoud. In a fit of rage, Mahmoud furiously forced him to kneel on the passenger cabin floor and, without giving him a chance to explain himself, fatally shot him in the head. The hijacked plane was refuelled at 01:00 CEST on 17

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The letter to the Federal Republic of West Germany comprised two statements from the hijackers, who identified themselves as members of an "Organization for the Fight against World Imperialism." The first statement reiterated the demands made by Schleyer's kidnappers, while the second statement,

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for their meritorious actions in the successful rescue of the hostages of Lufthansa Flight 181. The two British SAS operatives, who returned on the same flight with the GSG 9 assault team at the insistence of West German officials, met German Chancellor Schmidt in Bonn. He paid them the highest

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The German prisoners should be taken to their destination in an aircraft provided by you, you should fly via Istanbul and take on the two Palestinian comrades released from the prison there. The Turkish Government is well informed of our demands. All prisoners should reach their destination by

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and urged that the take-off of the hijacked plane be prevented by all means possible—whether by blocking the runway, which was initiated hesitantly or by shooting out the tyres during take-off. Cossiga never considered this, because the airport administration had unilaterally complied with the

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The GSG 9 assault team relied on their Somali counterparts to create a diversion. Moments before the GSG 9 assault, Somali soldiers set off a massive explosion about 300 metres (980 ft) in front of the jet airliner as a distraction tactic. This prompted Mahmoud and one of the other three

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During the five-day ordeal, the hijackers terrorized the passengers and crew with verbal abuse, physical assaults, and restraint, subjecting them to psychological torture and threats of further physical harm or death. They also sifted through the passengers' passports, luggage, and personal

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A firefight lasting around two minutes ensued, during which the leader of the hijackers, Mahmoud, was killed appearing from the cockpit, and a young male hijacker and a female hijacker were critically wounded in the first-class aisle. The young male hijacker was able to detonate a hand

2068:, the commander of the GSG 9 rescue operation, dismissed these claims as complete nonsense. He said the SAS operators proposed a completely different tactic from the one we preferred. Our concept involved penetrating the aircraft through all entrances and exits (rather than just one). 706:, he accused the passenger of being Jewish. Despite the passenger's desperate denial, Mahmoud declared, "You report for shooting tomorrow morning at 8:30, understood?" Almost as feared as the leader Mahmoud was Andrawes Sayeh, whom some passengers later described as equally zealous. 512:. Austrian. She was in charge of the cabin crew, servicing the first-class passengers. For her courage and dedication to the crew and passengers during the hijacking of Lufthansa Flight 181, she was awarded the German Federal Cross of Merit. Subsequently, she authored a book titled 1848:

On 17 October, the aircraft carrying the GSG 9 assault team landed at Mogadishu International Airport at 17:30 CEST with all its lights off to avoid detection by the hijackers. It parked about 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) away on the joint-use military airport side. The

4406:"O Projeto Landshut ainda não acabou, nosso pessoal continua no Aeroporto Pinto Martins dando continuidade aos processos legais para envio de dois containers com todos o maquinário e ferramentas utilizadas pela Lufthansa Technik e algumas pequenas partes do Landshut" 1853:

had flown outdated MiGs over the airport all day, taking off and landing as a diversion. This ensured the terrorists in the hijacked plane would not notice the 707 with Wegener's GSG 9 assault team landing, as Mogadishu airport had been closed to civilian traffic.

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aircraft. They reported all significant events and movements, securing the approach for the GSG 9 assault teams. At 23:15 CEST, six GSG 9 assault teams, along with GSG 9 technicians and paramedics, began their cautious and slow approach to the tail of the

2327:. The Brazilian company subsequently went bankrupt and was unable to continue paying off the debt. TAF stopped service of the aircraft under registration PT-MTB in January 2008, owing to severe damage that made it unairworthy, and placed it in storage in 1857:

After four hours of unloading all of their equipment and conducting the necessary reconnaissance, Wegener and Blätte finalised the assault plan, scheduled to begin at 00:01 CEST on 18 October. They decided to approach from the tail of the aircraft, its

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kidnappers' request to refuel the plane. Firing on the plane as it took off could easily have led to an explosion and thus a bloodbath among the passengers. After consulting with his colleagues, Cossiga decided that the most desirable solution for the

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which had already been repaired and returned to service. He was also awarded the German Federal Cross of Merit 1st Class for his actions during the hijacking. He retired in 1999. In December 2008, he returned the medal in protest over the release on

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only pledged considerable financial resources to Somalia but – much more importantly for the incumbent Somali 'president' Siad Barre, in reality, a coup plotter – covert support in the purchase of weapons for the war against neighbouring Ethiopia.

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breaking down. The hijackers demanded that engineers fix the plane. On the morning of Sunday, 16 October, Mahmoud threatened to start shooting hostages if the aircraft was not refuelled, and Dubai authorities eventually agreed to refuel the plane.

2346:. The 737 was acquired from TAF for R$ 75,936 (€20,519) in an agreement with the Fortaleza Airport administration for payment of taxes. On 15 August 2017, an MD-11F (registration D-ALCC) was sent to the airport with 8.5 tonnes of equipment and 15 1204:

If all prisoners are not released and reach their destination and the money is not handed over as instructed within the specified time, Hanns Martin Schleyer and all passengers and the crew of Lufthansa aircraft 737, flight LH 181, will be killed

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rescue operation, codenamed "Feuerzauber" (German for "Magic Fire"), which resulted in the liberation of all 87 passengers and four of the five crew members. Three hijackers were killed during the rescue, and one was captured alive.

2119:, facilitated co-operation from local authorities in the region for the West German officials. This support aided the West German government's rescue efforts and contingency planning for operations on the southern coastline of the 1115:

We hereby inform you that the passengers and crew of Lufthansa aircraft 737, flight number LH 181, from Palma to Frankfurt (M) are under our complete control and responsibility. The lives of the passengers and crew and the life of

4238:"Companies' owners: TAN F-GFVJ 28.09.1988, ICS - Intercargo Services F-GFVJ 01.04.1990, ICS - InterCiel Services F-GFVJ 23.11.1990, L'Aeropostale 9M-PMQ 24.02.1995, TransMile 9M-PMQ 04.04.1997, Garuda 9M-PMQ 24.05.1997, TransMile" 2403:

was rejected by the Ministry. After three years in a hangar and with the 737's fate unresolved, David Dornier stepped down in September 2020 as museum director and was replaced by attorney Hans-Peter Rien. He and Culture Minister

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Because this demand from the hijackers included prisoners held in Turkey, the West German Federal Government was in constant contact with the Turkish government from 14 October until the hostages' liberation on 18 October.

1230:" was addressed to "all revolutionaries in the world," "all free Arabs," and "our Palestinian masses," attempting to provide a political justification for their actions. Additionally, a third statement was provided by the 1954:

An American passenger, Christine Santiago, aboard the plane described the rescue: "I saw the door open and a man appears. His face was painted black and he started shouting in German "We're here to rescue you, get down!"

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Shouting in German and English for the passengers and crew to get their heads down, the GSG 9 assault teams shot all four terrorists, killing Hind Alameh, Wabil Harb, and Zohair Akache (Mahmoud), and critically wounding

2428:, where it had been christened on 7 August 1970 in a Riem Airport hangar in the presence of a large delegation from Landshut. After exactly three years, plans to exhibit the 737 in Dornier Museum were effectively over. 2001:, landing in the early afternoon of Tuesday, 18 October. The GSG 9 assault team received a hero's welcome at the airport, while the hostages, arriving on a separate flight, were met with overwhelming emotional relief. 1339:

The aircraft remained parked on the tarmac at Dubai International Airport throughout Saturday, 15 October, during which the jet airliner experienced technical snags with the electrical generator, air conditioning, and

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We will not attempt to contact you again. This will be our last contact with you. You will be held responsible for any error or failure in releasing the above prisoners or in handing over the specified ransom as

2339:, along with the German Foreign Ministry, subsequently agreed to the project. Informed of the plans, Kurpjuweit helped the museum director with a feasibility project involving the transport of the aircraft in a 429:) in a fit of rage, fueled by suspicions, before he could explain his reasons for the long absence. It was believed this act was also intended to add weight to the kidnappers' demands. Posthumously awarded the 682:, she was described by survivors of Lufthansa Flight 181 as an unusually pretty, petite girl. Sometimes, she was the only one who laughed on the plane, and the passengers referred to her as "the little one". 4646: 4519: 2267:. As a sign of gratitude, the West German government issued two multi-million dollar loans to the Somali government to assist in the development of the country's fisheries, agriculture, and other sectors. 4337: 973:

five weeks earlier. They demanded the release of all "comrades" imprisoned in the Federal Republic (West Germany), specifically the eleven Red Army Faction (RAF) terrorists detained predominantly at the

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A letter in English, dated 13 October by the hijackers but received on Friday night, 14 October, addressed to Federal Chancellor Helmut Schmidt, was delivered to Payot, as well as the French newspaper

1262:(PLO) representative arrived at the airport and, over the radio, tried to persuade Mahmoud to release the hostages. This only provoked a furious response from Mahmoud, who angrily screamed at him in 4375: 1935:. One GSG 9 member was wounded in the neck by return fire from the hijackers. Three passengers and a flight attendant, Gabriele Dillmann, were slightly wounded by the hijacker's grenade explosion. 5207: 1918:

Birgitt Röhll, one of the first passengers, and her 10-year-old son, Stephan, and rushed them to the exit. With this, the first evacuation of hostages through the rear aircraft doors had begun.

1790:) counter-terrorism commandos consisting of two units as well as technicians, field telecoms engineers, and paramedics, led by Wegener's deputy commander, Klaus Blätte, had already assembled at 1080:. The hijacking of Lufthansa Flight 181 had intensified the pressure on the West German government to have the Red Army Faction prisoners flown out, reaching an extreme level. Observers in the 1215:

Any attempt at delay or deception on your part will result in the immediate expiration of the ultimatum and the execution of Hanns Martin Schleyer, the passengers and the crew of the aircraft.

1336:, then Minister of Defence. The hijackers learned about this, possibly from the radio, causing an enraged Mahmoud to angrily threaten Schumann's life for secretly sharing this coded message. 2075:

in the rescue operation. Wegener said in an interview that the British SAS (Special Air Service Regiment) offered the grenades, which were tested for effectiveness in Dubai. Due to the high

5629: 2041:, whom the Chancellor had asked to influence Dubai, given the significant British influence in the Gulf sheikhdoms. Chancellor Schmidt's goal was to apply influence on Dubai to prevent the 4071:[Between remorse, defiance and tears: Former terrorist Souhaila Andrawes stands trial nineteen years after the "Landshut" kidnapping] (in German). Hamburg: Zeit Online. 10 May 1996 3661:

Schumann: "Could you get us four cartons with cigarettes?" – Tower: "Ok, any type?" – Schumann: "Mixed. Different ones. Two of these and two of these maybe." – Tower: "Roger, ok. Mixed."

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At the time, the hijackers' names remained unknown to the passengers and crew of Lufthansa Flight 181, other than Captain Mahmoud's alias, so the passengers and crew referred to them by

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passport in the name of Ahmed Badir al-Majid. More than a year earlier, Akache had also been sentenced to six months in prison for hitting a police officer while attending a meeting in

6316: 6181: 5256: 1951:: "Four opponents down – hostages free – four hostages slightly wounded – one border guard commando slightly wounded." The tension broke, replaced by a wave of relief and triumph. 1332:

female hijackers by dropping different types of cigarettes on the tarmac from the cockpit window. In an interview with journalists, this information was revealed by Dubai's Sheikh

375:, as well as two Palestinians held in Turkey. The hijacking was intended to increase pressure on the West German government to meet these demands. It culminated in the West German 1328:

being removed. At 05:40 CEST, the pilots made a smooth touchdown on the airport's main runway at sunrise. The plane was parked at the parking bay around 05:51 CEST, at daybreak.

2452:. The opening of the "Learning Place Landshut" project for public visits is finally approaching, with hopes to coincide with the 50th anniversary of the hostage rescue in 2027. 4730: 3180: 2408:(CDU) never agreed on further financing, and the project was placed on hold. By 2023, a new shelter will be rented, and an opening for a kind of "museum" was planned for 2026. 6246: 4802: 1392:

government to allow the GSG 9 to storm the Lufthansa aircraft and rescue the hostages. However, after permission was granted, senior operatives from GSG 9, supported by two

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hostages. Due to his excellent contacts and personal relationships with Arab leaders, he was nicknamed "Ben Wisch" by the German press. When Helmut Schmidt was succeeded by

1049:), as a middleman for negotiations with Schleyer's kidnappers. Payot, a 35-year-old lawyer, was first mentioned by Schleyer's kidnappers when they demanded that Payot and 1282:

took off at 22:50 CEST, heading for Beirut, but was refused permission to land there at 23:01 CEST. After also being denied landing permission in Damascus at 23:14 CEST,

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contacted the lawyer fourteen times by telephone between September 6 and 17. Telephone calls made from West Germany to Payot's number were intercepted by the West German

6196: 3776:[Mogadishu was no miracle; The then head of the GSG 9 on hard training and a hard-earned success] (in German). Berlin: Axel Springer Deutschland. 13 October 2007 3127: 1396:

operatives who had joined the German officials in Dubai at the behest of the British government, insisted on additional rehearsals and dry-runs on an adjacent airstrip.

801:, African, and South American countries, advising them on negotiating techniques and pacification policies to deal with terrorist and insurgent groups. He died in 2005. 4654: 2335:

about scrapping seven or more abandoned aircraft at the airport, an ex-pilot group suggested bringing the plane back to Germany. David Dornier, former director of the

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used Lufthansa Flight 181, along with other historical hostage extraction operations, as inspiration for the game and as research for making the game more accurate.

5400: 2575: 329:, stormed the aircraft, rescuing all 87 passengers and four crew members. Tragically, the captain of the flight was killed by the hijackers earlier in the ordeal. 3873:[Landshut kidnapping 1977 – Dieter Fox: Cleared for deployment] (Interview) (in German). Bonn: Stiftung Haus der Geschichte der Bundesrepublik Deutschland 4829: 4349: 5249: 2053:

Secret Service, other Arabia experts, and the ambassador of the United Arab Emirates. The foreign policy office in the West German Federal Chancellery, led by

309:, intended to increase pressure on the West German government. The hijackers diverted the flight to several locations in a harrowing odyssey before ending in 3345: 4493: 4428: 6291: 6201: 5615: 4464: 4383: 2417: 6236: 5664: 5204: 4601: 3994:[Ammunition used during the GSG 9 operation (storming of the Lufthansa plane "Landshut") in 1977 in Mogadishu and its effects (G-SIG: 13040240)] 2328: 1740: 811: 4756: 6241: 6088: 4704: 3399: 6206: 5598: 5592: 5242: 3492:["We were given the green light to be shot down" Five days as a hostage: How two survivors experienced the torture on board the "Landshut"]. 2241:

was widely praised among Western countries for his decision to storm the aircraft to rescue the hostages, although some criticized the risky action.

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commandos, led by deputy commander Blätte, strategically positioned themselves approximately 200 metres (660 ft) away, encircling the Lufthansa

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in connection with the killings. The political assassination took place outside the Royal Lancaster Hotel, where the former Prime Minister of Yemen,

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for such an operation. An ad hoc team was then set up in London, consisting of representatives of the British Foreign and Defence Ministries, the

361:" group on 5 September 1977. Militants of the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP), working in concert with the RAF, hijacked the 5028:[The "Landshut" in Mogadishu. The Federal Government's foreign policy crisis management in the face of the terrorist challenge in 1977]. 4620: 4575: 3831: 6286: 6256: 4775: 3935: 3893: 880:

with 87 passengers (91 including the 4 hijackers) and five crew members. The hijackers were able to board the aircraft carrying two concealed

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due to lax airport security in Palma, Spain. The flight was piloted by Captain Jürgen Schumann, with co-pilot Jürgen Vietor at the controls.

278: 5026:"Die "Landshut" in Mogadischu. Das außenpolitische Krisenmanagement der Bundesregierung angesichts der terroristischen Herausforderung 1977" 4881: 2378:

on 23 September 2017, for a total cost of €10 million paid by the Foreign Ministry. Smaller parts and equipment were sent to Germany in two

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from continuing further and allow the West German GSG 9 to rescue the hostages, as Dubai was then considered the only suitable place in the

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captain, Jürgen Schumann, was shot dead in Aden (Yemen), the probability of GSG 9 being deployed increased. They were ordered to follow the

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was to rid itself of the problem altogether and not become a target of international terrorism through forceful action. At 17:42 CEST, the

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at 15:45 CEST for refuelling. At around 17:00 CEST, the hijackers made their first demands via the control tower, acting in concert with a

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as his special envoy to coordinate the political negotiations with various foreign governments to facilitate the release or rescue of the

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1st class for his actions during the hijack, he was survived by his wife and two sons. The building housing the Lufthansa Pilot School in

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The project team was frequently accompanied by the media and also welcomed high-ranking visitors from the diplomatic and consular corps.

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Sunday, 16 October 1977, 08:00 GMT. The money should be handed over within the same period in accordance with the enclosed instructions.

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also closed and blockaded its airport runways at 14:50 CEST on 16 October (three days after the hijacking began), a course was set to

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regime, accompany the eleven Red Army Faction members on a flight to a country that would be named after they were freed from prison.

3214: 2476:€7.5 million: operating subsidy for the 10-year period, tied to the requirement to limit "museum" entrance fees to 5 euros per person 1833:, carrying the GSG 9 assault team, flew from Crete towards Africa and finally to Mogadishu. It was co-piloted by Rüdiger von Lutzau, 1866:

ladders with tips bound in rubber to gain access to all entry and exit doors, as well as the escape hatches in the fuselage via the

3636: 3096: 1385: 1194: 1089: 4018: 6009: 3099:[WORLD: "Landshut" pilot returns Federal Cross of Merit] (in German). Berlin: Axel Springer Deutschland. 24 November 2008 1266:

until the PLO representative gave up and left. The aircraft was then refuelled, and Schumann asked flight control for routing to

3992:

Munition beim GSG-9-Einsatz (Erstürmung der Lufthansa-Maschine "Landshut") 1977 in Mogadischu und ihre Wirkung (G-SIG: 13040240)

2225:

crisis, the West German government demonstrated its resolve to never negotiate with terrorists, as it had done in 1972 with the

6321: 6281: 6078: 6073: 5530: 5430: 5340: 2064:

For a long time, there were persistent rumours that the two SAS operators had helped to draw up the operational plan. However,

4855: 4274: 4252: 3157: 1463:

October. At 02:02 CEST, with co-pilot Vietor at the controls, it dangerously and sluggishly took off from Aden, bound for the

541:. Despite her young age, she was a pillar of support and hope for the other hostages and was dubbed the "Angel of Mogadishu" ( 6211: 5182: 5167: 5152: 3490:""Wir waren zum Abschuss freigegeben" Fünf Tage als Geisel: Wie zwei Überlebende die Qualen an Bord der "Landshut" erlebten" 2185:. The RAF had shot him dead upon hearing about the deaths of their imprisoned comrades. They contacted the French newspaper 1407:

While Wegener was contemplating his options, the jet airliner was on the move again after the hijackers fully refuelled the

5672: 4176: 3674: 643:

parents in Beirut, he occasionally exchanged friendly words with the hostages. The passengers referred to him as "the boy".

5570: 949:

The hijacked aircraft changed course at around 14:38 CEST, as reported by air traffic controllers in southern France near

6216: 5723: 5540: 4118: 2100: 1798:

and were on standby, awaiting instructions. One of the GSG 9 units had already despatched from West Germany to trail the

317:, where the crisis concluded in the early morning hours of 18 October 1977 under the cover of darkness. The West German 6311: 6276: 3614:[Bonn under pressure to make a decision] (in German). Frankfurt am Main: Frankfurter Rundschau. 4 February 2019 2955: 2437: 2382:

containers. Upon arrival, the parts were presented to approximately 4,000 people during a special event. The recovered

690:. To this day, the survivors still refer to them as "the little one," "the fat one," "the boy," and "Captain Mahmoud". 4021:[GSG-9 founder on the hostage rescue in Mogadishu. How Ulrich Wegener experienced the storm on the Landshut]. 3179:

Knobbe, Martin (16 April 2007). Gress, Florian; Gretemeier, Anna-Beeke; Förster, Laura-Lena; Hellge, Stefanie (eds.).

3077:[Federal Cross of Merit for GSG 9 men and Lufthansa crew] (in German). Bonn: Associated Press. 20 October 1977 1777:

flight and monitoring the situation as part of Wischnewski's mobile crisis management team, arrived at Mogadishu from

6296: 5490: 5310: 5077: 4045:"1977 Year in Review: Terrorism, news broadcast, eyewitness audio recording by American passenger Christine Santiago" 3017: 2968: 2608: 1985:

counter-terrorism assault team (pictured) onboard. The rescued hostages returned on a separate Lufthansa plane named

1927:

cover in the forward lavatory and was fatally shot when she opened fire through the door gap on the GSG 9 commandos.

1259: 628: 5218: 6306: 6158: 5266: 5195: 2304: 2116: 6301: 6261: 5380: 4832:[Historic 737 'Landshut” that was abandoned in Brazil will finally be exhibited in a museum in Germany]. 4442: 2108: 1484: 84: 3896:[WORLD: The GSG 9 makes its way through poisonous snakes] (in German). Berlin: Axel Springer Deutschland 3773: 1874:

after refuelling. He was then asked to provide the conditions for the prisoner-hostage exchange over the radio.

6083: 5007: 4296: 3313:

Eimermacher, Stefanie; Eßer, Arnd; Lehmann, Ellen; Vargas Gonzalez, Veronica; Walther, Maren (September 2021).

1894:

hijackers to rush to the cockpit to observe what was happening, isolating them from the hostages in the cabin.

1333: 1186: 1141: 4989: 3774:"Mogadischu war kein Wunder; Der damalige Leiter der GSG 9 über hartes Training und einen erarbeiteten Erfolg" 826:

hostages, and his anti-terrorism policies were successful in overcoming the long-standing threat posed by the

6266: 6032: 5921: 5809: 5410: 4177:"22 SAS Morrison, Alastair George Angus: Citation, Officer of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire" 4019:"GSG-9-Gründer über die Geiselbefreiung in Mogadischu. Wie Ulrich Wegener den Sturm auf die Landshut erlebte" 3261:

Treuter, Martina; Rupps, Martin (10 October 2017). Ebenau, Jürgen; Schelberg, Stefanie; Gniffke, Kai (eds.).

2178: 1307: 430: 4209:(Interview) (in German). Interviewed by Manfred Ertel; Bruno Schrep. Hamburg: SPIEGEL-Verlag Rudolf Augstein 2025:, many accompanied by requests for police training from the elite West German GSG 9 counter-terrorism unit. 1890:

aircraft. By 23:52 CEST, the GSG 9 assault teams had taken up positions under the fuselage of the aircraft.

1096:

telecommunications office, and a "call trace" was also set up that allowed these calls to be traced back to

482:. He returned to work just six weeks after the hijacking, and the first aircraft he was assigned to was the 368:

plane to secure the release of their imprisoned leaders and comrades, predominantly held in the West German

244: 6191: 6186: 5450: 5390: 1108:

in Paris. The letter received by Payot from the hijackers, addressed to Chancellor Helmut Schmidt, stated:

854: 5095: 4830:"Histórico 737 'Landshut" que estava abandonado no Brasil finalmente vai ser exposto em museu na Alemanha" 3007: 2057:, was also involved. In addition to maps, the British government provided two security experts from their 6326: 6050: 5895: 5580: 5560: 5370: 5360: 5330: 4150:

Major Alastair George Angus Morrison, Citation, Officer of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire

2096: 1411:

plane and the pilots started up the engines. At 12:19 CEST on Sunday, 16 October, it took off, bound for

1324: 3611: 6026: 5680: 5510: 5470: 3797: 3280: 2647: 2010: 1914: 1541: 1448: 1081: 422: 314: 88: 1978: 1758: 1349: 1185:

Make arrangements with one of the following countries to receive the comrades who have been released:

775: 28: 6251: 5656: 5350: 2531: 2182: 870: 167: 3663:

original radio communication from documentary "Mogadischu. Die Dokumentation.", Youtube, (2:55–3:09)

3662: 3317:[Landshut 77] (in German). Bonn: Stiftung Haus der Geschichte der Bundesrepublik Deutschland 6271: 6146: 5234: 5175:

The United Nations and Terrorism. Germany, Multilateralism, and Antiterrorism Efforts in the 1970s

2018:

compliment, and both later received awards from the British government for their supporting role.

822:

kidnapping and the Lufthansa 181 hijacking in 1977. He authorized the GSG 9 mission to rescue the

6226: 6056: 5760: 5716: 5480: 5199: 4549:"Die "Landshut" in Friedrichshafen: Das Symbol im Kampf gegen den RAF-Terror rottet vor sich hin" 4312: 3525: 3046: 2527: 2449: 2192: 2455:€15 million was made available from the German federal government, in the following allotments: 988:

The West German government expected active support for its tough anti-terrorism policy from its

5956: 5951: 5550: 5290: 4149: 4044: 2640: 2635: 2275: 2131:

Following the rescue of the hostages from Lufthansa Flight 181, RAF (Red Army Faction) members

2107:(BEM) for their crucial roles in aiding West German officials. Their intimate knowledge of the 2014: 754:. Wegener planned and led the daring operation to rescue the hostages on Lufthansa Flight 181 ( 5607: 4067: 2573:

The hijacking and the hostage rescue operation were portrayed in two German television films:

1943:(Springtime!), signaling the successful completion of the operation. Moments later, a crucial 6044: 5875: 5065: 2292: 2162: 1899: 1659: 1117: 1076: 970: 841: 819: 500: 354: 154: 5230:

Unabhängiger Unterstützerkreis für Einen Lernort der Deutschen Demokratie in Friedrichshafen

5119:[Storm the "Landshut"! - Jörg Probstmeier was part of the GSG 9 operation in 1977]. 2200: 771:

at Mogadishu. When Wegener was promoted in 1979, Blätte succeeded him as commander of GSG 9.

6038: 6014: 6003: 5997: 5991: 5985: 5890: 5320: 5300: 4438: 3969:

Hostage: The History, Facts & Reasoning Behind Hostage Taking by John Charles Griffiths

2617: 2230: 2226: 2115:, gained during their SAS service, along with practical support under the direction of the 2104: 1998: 1974: 1903: 1859: 1747: 1389: 1341: 1071: 993: 907:(PFLP), who called themselves "Commando Martyr Halima" in honour of fellow German militant 5123:(Interview) (in German). Interviewed by Matthias Witzel. Fulda: Medienkontor M. Angelstein 4237: 3832:"German Troops Free Hostages on Hijacked Plane in Somalia; Four Terrorists Killed in Raid" 2370:

back to Europe, while the Il-76 carried the engines and seats. After a refuelling stop in

2316: 2013:, GSG 9 commander Ulrich Wegener and the GSG 9 assault team members were each awarded the 1165: 8: 5880: 5440: 5420: 3553:[Ulrich Wegener Former commander of the GSG 9 in conversation with Holger Lösch] 2593: 2421: 2058: 1907: 1821:

military airfield to a NATO military base in Crete to meet the 3rd unit GSG 9. After the

1596: 1584: 1423:, where permission to land was once again denied and both airports were blockaded. After 1393: 1190: 1018: 699: 612: 593: 546: 532: 326: 5460: 1153: 549:, she has acquired an international reputation as a sculptor, principally of figures in 5775: 5765: 5709: 5025: 4944: 4921: 4778:[15 million for the museum: Now the "Landshut" is landing in Friedrichshafen]. 4680:[New director of the Dornier Museum: The “Landshut” chapter is “over for us”]. 4520:"Friedrichshafen: "Spiegel": Appell an Bundesregierung wegen Erinnerungsort "Landshut"" 3934:

Harbusch, N; Kahn, A; Laura, S; Ravic, H; Vehlewald, H-J; Wahl, C (14 September 2017).

3640: 3403: 2021:

After the successful rescue operation, commendations from around the world poured into

1104:. The French authorities discovered that Payot had also been called several times from 1006: 782: 702:

pen in a passenger's luggage. Mistaking the snowcap logo on the cap of the pen for the

663: 607:(65), his wife, Fatimah (40), and a Yemeni diplomat, Abdullah Ali al Hammami, minister 446: 270: 59: 34: 4325:

The aircraft had been parked at Fortaleza airport in Brazil gathering dust since 2008.

3991: 3870: 3272: 2405: 2209: 400: 5905: 5900: 5792: 5787: 5782: 5178: 5163: 5148: 5073: 5045: 5003: 4939: 4916: 4345: 3839: 3276: 3206: 3149: 3013: 2964: 2630: 2588: 2347: 2215: 2120: 1932: 1834: 1786: 1723: 1379: 1231: 1145: 1050: 1001: 966: 954: 918: 908: 889: 877: 742: 737: 648: 624: 604: 418: 393: 358: 318: 286: 282: 178: 71: 4198: 2155: 1993:

The rescuers safely escorted all 87 passengers and 4 crew members off the Lufthansa

1161: 5946: 5926: 5858: 5802: 5037: 4859: 4308: 3314: 3185: 3145: 3123: 2673: 2400: 2147: 1850: 1673: 1097: 978: 962: 827: 616: 492: 414: 372: 290: 4678:"Neuer Direktor des Dornier-Museums: Das Kapitel "Landshut" ist "für uns beendet"" 3938:[At 0.05 a.m., GSG-9 man Fox shouted: "Heads down! Where are the pigs?"]. 3561:(Interview) (in German). Interviewed by Holger Lösch. Munich: Bayerischer Rundfunk 3377: 2416:

The federal government looked into whether the aircraft could be exhibited in the

2054: 1447:

Approaching Aden airspace, the flight was once again denied permission to land at

1365:, commander of the elite West German counter-terrorism tactical intervention unit 627:, London, and was later deported. At the time of his arrest, British police found 553:, and has shown her work in numerous exhibitions in Germany and throughout Europe. 6121: 5830: 5211: 4025:(Interview) (in German). Interviewed by Peter Steinmüller. Düsseldorf: VDI Verlag 2661: 2502: 2424:. The city highlighted to Culture Minister Grütters the aircraft's connection to 2375: 2256: 2158:

also allegedly attempted suicide with a cutlery knife but survived her injuries.

2144: 2038: 1263: 1157: 997: 975: 950: 751: 608: 3998:(Report) (in German). Bonn: Deutscher Bundestag. 14 November 1997. pp. 9–10 925:

the previous year. The leader of the hijacker group, adopting the nom de guerre

6221: 5961: 5941: 5520: 4469: 4304: 3546: 3198: 2733: 2721: 2697: 2685: 2567: 2563: 2493: 2489:

The name Landshut has been used by Lufthansa on three other planes since 1985:

2336: 2238: 2140: 2136: 2132: 2112: 2088: 2065: 2034: 1867: 1791: 1766: 1743: 1700: 1634: 1628: 1579: 1416: 1362: 1358: 1271: 1133: 1129: 1125: 1040: 805: 786: 726: 717: 496: 77: 4776:"15 Millionen für Museum: Jetzt landet die "Landshut" doch in Friedrichshafen" 4122: 3515: 3455: 3040: 2295:

D-ABCE) with two Pratt & Whitney JT8D-9A engines, named after the city of

2251:

relations received a significant boost after the successful rescue operation.

2084:

aircraft at the very moment the GSG 9 assault teams would storm the aircraft.

2080:

special "flash-bang" stun grenades around the front exterior of the Lufthansa

767:

Deputy commander of GSG 9 in 1977 who took part in the operation to storm the

289:, West Germany. The hijacking aimed to secure the release of eleven notorious 6175: 6127: 6104: 5814: 5117:"Stürmt die "Landshut"! - Jörg Probstmeier war 1977 beim GSG 9-Einsatz dabei" 5049: 3843: 3551:"Ulrich Wegener Ehemaliger Kommandeur der GSG 9 im Gespräch mit Holger Lösch" 3400:"Gunman Kills 3 Yemenis, Including Former Premier, Outside a Hotel in London" 3267: 3210: 3153: 2709: 2580: 2555: 2544: 2072: 1400: 1169: 1137: 885: 703: 600: 564: 338: 306: 4731:"Noch ist unklar, wann die "Landshut" die allerletzte Parkposition einnimmt" 2187: 1773:

Dieter Fox and officer Frieder Baum, who had all been trailing the hijacked

1182:

The payment of 15 million US dollars according to the attached instructions.

937:

but was told that the plane had insufficient fuel and would have to land in

5931: 5770: 5041: 4405: 3265:[The hostages of Mogadishu: Life after the "Landshut" kidnapping]. 2668: 2570:

ransom message available by public telephone at the time of the hijacking.

2324: 2244: 2234: 2092: 1691: 1623: 1568: 1428: 1323:

Approaching Dubai, the 737 was again denied landing permission. Overflying

1149: 1105: 761: 747: 573: 346: 298: 294: 262: 5068:[50 Years GSG 9. Anniversary of the Federal Police Special Unit]. 4524: 3936:"Um 0.05 Uhr schrie GSG-9-Mann Fox: "Köpfe runter! Wo sind die Schweine?"" 2462:€2.5 million: aircraft maintenance and restoration, which will not happen. 599:

and the wife of one of them in London on 10 April 1977, and was wanted by

5936: 4959:"How Rainbow Six: Siege takes inspiration from real life hostage rescues" 4889: 4884:[Bundesliga: Central figure of the Bundesliga scandal has died]. 3678: 3202: 3119: 2511: 2359: 2340: 2170: 2046: 1911: 1436: 1353: 1274:

was blockaded and closed to them, and Mahmoud suggested that they fly to

1227: 1066: 794: 655: 467: 388:

Two flight crew and three cabin crew operated the round-trip flight from

4933: 4910: 1784:

In West Germany, a team of approximately 60 GSG 9 Federal Border Guard (

357:, a prominent West German industrialist, by the Red Army Faction (RAF) " 5854: 4649:[CSU wants to bring the “Landshut” hijacking plane to Munich]. 2603:

television series, season 2 episode 76, titled "Operation Fire Magic".

2559: 2379: 2371: 2288: 2076: 1750: 1648: 862: 818:) from 1974 and 1982, he adopted a tough, uncompromising stance on the 798: 550: 259: 103: 5100:

Europäische Sicherheit & Technik (European Security & Defence)

4093: 3263:"Die Geiseln von Mogadischu: Das leben nach der "Landshut"-entführung" 5885: 5844: 5797: 5755: 5732: 4433: 3349: 3312: 2615:

The hijacking and rescue were also a subplot device in the 2018 film

2551: 2386:

aircraft was scheduled to be restored and exhibited by October 2019.

2260: 2252: 2151: 1863: 1770: 1537: 1492: 1468: 1370: 1093: 982: 913: 900: 896: 858: 832: 687: 640: 596: 589: 488: 479: 389: 362: 342: 310: 274: 123: 2728: 2331:

for years. On 14 August 2017, after Mr Kurpjuweit made inquiries to

1829:

with an unspecified destination. The Lufthansa Boeing 707 aircraft,

1175:

Release of the following Palestinian F.L.P. comrades from prison in

588:, leaving in 1975 after gaining his aeronautical diploma. A veteran 5264: 3132: 3130:[October 1977: "This is Captain Martyr Mahmoud speaking!]. 2927: 2367: 2296: 2291:-230C (manufacturer's serial number 20254, Boeing line number 230, 2174: 2166: 1841: 1275: 1176: 1054: 442: 349:. It was directly linked to the dramatic kidnapping in Braunsfeld, 5701: 4805:[City receives a "Landshut" museum for 15 million euros]. 1508: 1234:

Red Army Faction, who were holding Hanns Martin Schleyer hostage.

4227:

Historical Dictionary of Somalia By Mohamed Haji Mukhtar page 139

3871:"Landshut-Entführung 1977 – Dieter Fox: Freigabe für den Einsatz" 3194: 3190: 3141: 3006:

Horn, Bernd; de B. Taillon, J. Paul; Last, David M. (2004). "7".

2332: 2300: 2248: 1923: 1654: 1643: 1591: 1479:

On the morning of 17 October at daybreak, around 04:34 CEST, the

1464: 1412: 1291: 1283: 1251: 1101: 930: 881: 679: 667: 615:.32 automatic pistol. Akache left the country that afternoon via 438: 410: 350: 5229: 4707:[The "Landshut" moves to Hall Q at the end of October]. 2350:

mechanics to dismantle the 737. On 21 and 22 September 2017, an

2315:

The plane ultimately ended up in the fleet of Brazilian carrier

2161:

On Wednesday, 19 October, the body of German industry president

2143:

were found dead (allegedly by suicide) on the same night at the

1817:

On the evening of 16 October, the 1st unit GSG 9, flew from the

1404:

training were conducted while in Dubai, totaling over 80 hours.

1124:

Release of the following RAF comrades from West German prisons:

1112:

Ultimatum to the Chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany.

611:

at the embassy, were murdered in their Mercedes vehicle using a

5637: 5072:(in German). Bonn/Berlin: Verlagsgesellschaft. pp. 12–13. 4205:[Irmgard Möller "I don't want to live any other way"]. 3830:

Times, Henry Tanner Special to The New York (18 October 1977).

3137: 2786: 2784: 2782: 2780: 2778: 2776: 2774: 2772: 2770: 2425: 2351: 2343: 2264: 1910:

were to be used inside the aircraft. Wegener himself carried a

1878: 1811: 1778: 1496: 1483:

made an unannounced and textbook landing on the main runway at

1424: 1303: 1287: 1267: 1255: 1208:

If you comply with our instructions, everyone will be released.

1031: 1014: 934: 922: 695: 659: 620: 585: 577: 463: 434: 369: 302: 256: 5066:"50 Jahre GSG9. Jubiläum der Spezialeinheit der Bundespolizei" 3979:

Middle Eastern terrorism: from Black September to 11 September

3256: 3254: 3252: 2768: 2766: 2764: 2762: 2760: 2758: 2756: 2754: 2752: 2750: 2480: 1384:, head of the counter-terrorism department at the West German 1045:, president of the Swiss League for Human and Citizen Rights ( 3426:

UK Parliament, House of Commons Hansard: Zohair Yousif Akache

3380:(Report). Washington, D.C.: Heritage Foundation. pp. 5–6 3376:

Francis, Samuel T.; DiLorenzo, Thomas J. (21 December 1977).

3250: 3248: 3246: 3244: 3242: 3240: 3238: 3236: 3234: 3232: 2445: 2355: 1982: 1944: 1871: 1803: 1762: 1573: 1366: 1312: 733: 450: 376: 322: 4647:"CSU will Entführungsflugzeug "Landshut" nach München holen" 3458:[Contemporary history "Mogadishu tore at my soul"]. 2906: 2904: 2902: 2900: 2898: 2896: 2894: 2892: 2890: 2888: 2886: 2465:€2.5 million: hangar reconstruction, rented and refurbished. 2394:

The disassembled plane has since been stored in a hangar at

2173:

registration plates on a side street, rue Charles-Péguy, in

631:(PLO) posters and pictures of PLO leaders in his hotel room. 33:

D-ABCE, the aircraft involved in the hijacking, pictured at

4179:. Richmond: Special Forces Roll of Honour. 4 September 2006 2884: 2882: 2880: 2878: 2876: 2874: 2872: 2870: 2868: 2866: 2747: 2363: 2022: 1948: 1818: 1795: 1754: 1432: 1420: 1058: 989: 958: 938: 520:), detailing the events and her journey through the ordeal. 475: 4882:"Bundesliga: Zentralfigur des Bundesliga-Skandals ist tot" 4803:"Stadt erhält ein "Landshut"-Museum für 15 Millionen Euro" 4602:"Halle für "Landshut"-Lernort angemietet — Eröffnung 2026" 4152:(Report). Richmond: The National Archives Kew. 3 June 1978 3741: 3739: 3737: 3735: 3733: 3731: 3729: 3727: 3725: 3723: 3721: 3719: 3717: 3715: 3229: 3075:"Bundesverdienstkreuz für GSG 9-Männer und Lufthansa-Crew" 2853: 2851: 2849: 2847: 2845: 2843: 2841: 2839: 2837: 2835: 2833: 2831: 2829: 2827: 2825: 2823: 2821: 2819: 2534:

was one of the hostages on board, along with his daughter.

582:

Chelsea College of Aeronautical and Automobile Engineering

6317:

Aviation accidents and incidents in the Mediterranean Sea

6182:

Accidents and incidents involving the Boeing 737 Original

5848: 5145:

Storming Flight 181 – GSG 9 and the Mogadishu Hijack 1977

4373: 3894:"Welt: Über Giftschlangen bahnt sich die GSG 9 ihren Weg" 3713: 3711: 3709: 3707: 3705: 3703: 3701: 3699: 3697: 3695: 3456:"Zeitgeschichte "Mogadischu hat an meiner Seele gezerrt"" 3128:"13. Oktober 1977: "Hier spricht Captain Martyr Mahmud!"" 3097:"WELT: "Landshut"-Pilot gibt Bundesverdienstkreuz zurück" 2817: 2815: 2813: 2811: 2809: 2807: 2805: 2803: 2801: 2799: 2050: 572:

He was the leader of the hijacker group. Growing up in a

337:

The hijacking was a dramatic escalation in the so-called

5002:(in German). Stuttgart: Bonn Aktuell. pp. 138–156. 4429:"Last flight home for icon of 'German Autumn' of terror" 2863: 2530:, German football official responsible for breaking the 1356:

minister responsible for handling the hijacking crisis,

740:

tactical intervention unit of the Federal Border Guard (

5036:(3). Oldenbourg: Institut für Zeitgeschichte: 413–456. 2963:. Ontario: Canadian Defence Academy Press. p. 73. 2037:'s telephone conversations with British Prime Minister 1084:

were now firmly expecting a prisoner-hostage exchange.

514:

Entführung, Hundert Stunden zwischen Angst und Hoffnung

3933: 3692: 3573: 2796: 1221:

Organization for the Fight against World Imperialism.

836:

in 1986, he helped found the committee supporting the

6247:

Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine attacks

4376:"Die 1977 entführte "Landshut" kommt an den Bodensee" 3005: 2645: 1963:

a victory sign and uttered, "Kill me, we will win!".

969:

group, which had kidnapped West German industrialist

5147:

Osprey Raid Series No. 19; Osprey Publishing, 2011.

2599:

The hijacking and rescue were also portrayed in the

2195:

indicated that he had been killed the previous day.

1997:

aircraft. A few hours later, they were all flown to

499:, who had been involved in the kidnap and murder of 4623:[David Dornier leaves the Dornier Museum]. 3009:

Force of Choice: Perspectives on Special Operations

2547:, recorded in 1978, was inspired by the hijacking. 2071:There are also many legends surrounding the use of 709: 6197:Attacks on aircraft by Palestinian militant groups 4856:"Charliebravo.de - Lufthansa Flotte mit Taufnamen" 4705:"Die "Landshut" zieht Ende Oktober in die Halle Q" 4066: 3637:"Industrialist's Kidnappers Send Bonn New Message" 3042:Die Geiseln von Mogadischu Reportage Dokumentation 2028: 1120:depends on your fulfilling the following demands: 1024: 4711:(in German). Friedrichshafen: Schwäbischer Verlag 4338:"Lufthansa Technik returns 'Landshut' to Germany" 3428:(Report). London: UK Parliament. 17 November 1977 838:Economic and Monetary Union of the European Union 6173: 4297:"Hijacked 'Landshut' plane returning to Germany" 3375: 2957:Special Operations Forces: A National Capability 2930:(Report). Washington D.C.: GW Aviation Institute 2471:€1.0 million: implementation of teaching concept 2199:long time. In September 2007, former RAF member 2033:Practical help came from West German Chancellor 1047:Ligue suisse des droits de l'homme et du citoyen 437:was named in his honour, as was a street in the 4576:"Der Streit um die "Landshut" findet kein Ende" 4492:Ismar, Georg; Monath, Hans (13 February 2020). 2362:, arrived at Fortaleza. The An-124 carried the 2307:. It subsequently changed hands several times. 1509:Operation Feuerzauber: The German GSG 9 assault 1030:West German government had previously proposed 797:, Wischnewski became a traveling consultant to 5665:Mogadishu TransAVIAexport Airlines Il-76 crash 4653:(in German). 18 September 2020. Archived from 4203:"Irmgard Möller "Ich will nicht anders leben"" 3942:(in German). Berlin: Axel Springer Deutschland 3378:The Terrorist International and Western Europe 2468:€1.5 million: provision of technical equipment 1399:There are many legends surrounding the use of 1258:, at 20:28 CEST. After about an hour, a local 518:Hijacking, Hundred Hours Between Fear and Hope 226:(1 flight attendant, 3 passengers, 1 hijacker) 5717: 5623: 5250: 4275:"Sequestro Lufthansa. De volta para Alemanha" 4253:"Sequestro Lufthansa. De volta para Alemanha" 3960:Terrorism: Inside a World Phenomenon page 188 1017:, even without obtaining clearance from Rome 905:Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine 279:Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine 5098:[43 years of Operation Magic Fire]. 4574:Monath, Hans; Ismar, Georg (14 April 2019). 3260: 2319:, which purchased it for US$ 4,708,268 from 1840:While the GSG 9 assault team was waiting in 694:possessions, searching for clues indicating 6292:Terrorist incidents in Somalia in the 1970s 6202:Aviation accidents and incidents in Somalia 5638:Aviation accidents and incidents in Somalia 5114: 5094:Weisswange, Jan-Phillip (3 November 2020). 4621:"David Dornier verlässt das Dornier-Museum" 4573: 4491: 2857: 6237:Operations involving German special forces 5724: 5710: 5630: 5616: 5257: 5243: 5093: 4943: 4920: 4094:"News, Photos, Audio | Archives - UPI.com" 4088: 4086: 3892:Kellerhoff, Sven-Felix (17 October 2017). 3891: 3745: 3118:Kellerhoff, Sven Felix (13 October 2017). 3117: 2566:) was created using sound elements from a 2442:Bundeszentrale für politische Bildung, bpb 2191:to announce his 'execution'; a subsequent 1802:and had landed at a NATO military base in 1439:, at the limit of the plane's fuel range. 27: 6242:Palestinian terrorist incidents in Europe 4987: 4494:"Die "Landshut" soll in Tempelhof landen" 4408:(in Portuguese). OPovo. 23 September 2017 3929: 3927: 3925: 3923: 3921: 3919: 3917: 3915: 3913: 3911: 3864: 3862: 3860: 3483: 3481: 3479: 3477: 3449: 3447: 3445: 3443: 3371: 3369: 3367: 3308: 3306: 3304: 3302: 3300: 3298: 3001: 2999: 2997: 2995: 2993: 2991: 2989: 2987: 2790: 1957:Wir sind hier, um euch zu retten, runter! 1746:attempted to negotiate an agreement with 895:About 30 minutes later, while overflying 6207:Aviation accidents and incidents in 1977 5216: 5102:(in German). Bonn: Mittler Report Verlag 5063: 4956: 4773: 4757:"Im Sommer 2024 zieht die "Landshut" um" 4702: 4675: 4618: 4547:Zeitung, Saarbrücker (6 February 2020). 4457: 4330: 4289: 4171: 4169: 4167: 4144: 4142: 4140: 4047:. United Press International (UPI). 1977 3675:"Neue Dokumente zur Landshut-Entführung" 3631: 3629: 3579: 3346:"Palestinian named over triple shooting" 3340: 3338: 3336: 3334: 3332: 2949: 2947: 2945: 2928:Executive Summary "Operation Magic Fire" 2274: 1977:on 18 October 1977, with State Minister 1965: 996:partners. West German Interior Minister 736:(Border Guard Group 9), the specialized 698:identity. At one point, Mahmoud found a 341:of 1977, a period marked by a series of 243: 6010:1973 Rome airport attacks and hijacking 4827: 4546: 4473:(in German). AFP, AP. 23 September 2017 4083: 4016: 4010: 3984: 3768: 3766: 3764: 3762: 3760: 3758: 3756: 3754: 3606: 3604: 3602: 3600: 3598: 3596: 3594: 3592: 3590: 3588: 3545: 3418: 3069: 3067: 3065: 3063: 2925: 2921: 2919: 2263:became Somali Airlines' new gateway to 305:. This event was part of the so-called 6174: 5689:African Express Airways Brasilia crash 5023: 4828:Valduga, Fernando (27 November 2020). 4676:Hennings, Martin (19 September 2020). 4426: 4420: 4197: 4191: 3908: 3885: 3857: 3808: 3806: 3793: 3791: 3487: 3474: 3453: 3440: 3364: 3295: 3178: 2984: 2953: 2910: 2283:Originally built in January 1970, the 2279:As freighter for Brazilian TAF, PT-MTB 1947:message reached Chancellor Schmidt in 6287:Terrorist incidents in Africa in 1977 6257:Terrorist incidents in Europe in 1977 5705: 5611: 5238: 5217:Wiegrefe, Klaus (29 September 2008). 4800: 4774:Hennings, Martin (27 November 2020). 4619:Hennings, Martin (9 September 2020). 4164: 4137: 3829: 3626: 3539: 3528:from the original on 21 December 2021 3488:Peters, Rolf-Herbert (7 April 2019). 3392: 3329: 3089: 3049:from the original on 21 December 2021 2942: 2538: 1939:commander Wegener gave the codeword: 1806:, expecting to be deployed while the 1195:People's Democratic Republic of Yemen 857:(CEST) on Thursday, 13 October 1977, 6154: 5030:Vierteljahrshefte für Zeitgeschichte 4277:(in Portuguese). OPovo. 17 June 2017 4059: 3751: 3585: 3060: 2916: 2095:awarded Major Alastair Morrison the 1906:semi-automatic pistols with special 1862:. Six GSG 9 assault teams would use 1053:, an 85-year-old German theologian, 953:, diverting eastward and landing at 899:, the aircraft was hijacked by four 237:(All passengers, 4 crew, 1 hijacker) 5731: 5541:Malaysian Airline System Flight 653 5115:Probstmeier, Jörg (17 March 2021). 5064:Feldmann, Marco (31 October 2022). 4996:Against the Terror. Texts/Documents 4957:Campbell, Colin (21 October 2014). 4427:Zeller, Frank (23 September 2017). 4348:. 22 September 2017. Archived from 4017:Wegener, Ulrich (18 October 2017). 3868: 3803: 3788: 2521: 1388:, arrived in Dubai to persuade the 1302:Schumann was informed by a passing 1057:pastor, and former opponent of the 13: 5137: 4801:Pauly, Andrea (27 November 2020). 4703:Hennings, Martin (2 August 2024). 3496:(in German). Hamburg: G + J Medien 3454:Schrep, Bruno (26 February 1996). 2438:Federal Agency for Civic Education 1732:(1 flight attendant, 3 passengers) 1516:Operation Feuerzauber (Magic Fire) 1000:contacted his Italian counterpart 14: 6338: 6232:Lufthansa accidents and incidents 5571:SA de Transport Aérien Flight 730 5531:Libyan Arab Airlines Tu-154 crash 5431:Aeroflot Tupolev Tu-134 hijacking 5341:British Airtours Boeing 707 crash 5311:Japan Air Lines Cargo Flight 1045 5219:"Log of the 'Landshut' Hijacking" 5189: 5177:Palgrave Macmillan, 2014, ch. 2. 4991:Gegen den Terror. Texte/Dokumente 4250: 3462:(in German). Hamburg: Der Spiegel 3012:. Montreal: McGill-Queens Press. 1260:Palestine Liberation Organization 629:Palestine Liberation Organization 383: 197:87 (91 including the 4 hijackers) 181:, Frankfurt am Main, West Germany 6153: 6142: 6141: 5267:Aviation accidents and incidents 5160:Fire Magic – Hijack at Mogadishu 5096:"43 Jahre Operation Feuerzauber" 2727: 2715: 2703: 2691: 2679: 2667: 2655: 2543:The song "122 Hours of Fear" by 2418:Air Force Museum in Berlin-Gatow 2004: 1699: 1690: 1666: 1653: 1642: 1633: 1622: 1603: 1590: 1578: 1567: 1286:at 00:23 CEST (14 October), and 888:, and 500 grams (18 oz) of 710:Key West German rescue personnel 51:13–18 October 1977 (5 days) 5978:(all subsidiaries, while owned) 5673:Ethiopian Air Force An-12 crash 4980: 4950: 4927: 4904: 4874: 4848: 4821: 4794: 4767: 4749: 4723: 4696: 4669: 4639: 4612: 4608:(in German). 14 September 2023. 4594: 4567: 4540: 4512: 4485: 4398: 4374:Südwest Presse Online-Dienste. 4367: 4267: 4244: 4230: 4221: 4111: 4037: 3972: 3963: 3954: 3823: 3667: 3655: 3612:"Bonn unter Entscheidungszwang" 3508: 3172: 3111: 2270: 2177:, Alsace, France, close to the 2029:British government and SAS role 1485:Mogadishu International Airport 1025:Hijackers demands and ultimatum 325:, with ground support from the 85:Mogadishu International Airport 3033: 2609:Tom Clancy's Rainbow Six Siege 2259:planes in West Germany, while 1989:. Photograph by Ludwig Wegmann 1959:) and they started shooting." 1386:Federal Criminal Police Agency 1334:Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum 1187:Democratic Republic of Vietnam 1090:Federal Criminal Police Agency 592:, he had already murdered two 1: 6322:Military history of Mogadishu 6282:October 1977 events in Africa 6089:Swiss International Air Lines 5922:British Midland International 5810:Swiss International Air Lines 5162:Bloomsbury Publishing, 1994. 4465:"Die 'Landshut' ist gelandet" 3814:Der wahre Held der „Landshut“ 3183:["So, now you die"]. 2740: 1308:Bahrain International Airport 917:"Halima", had been killed in 678:Born to Christian parents in 431:German Federal Cross of Merit 332: 6212:Deaths by firearm in Somalia 5942:Luftfahrtgesellschaft Walter 4528:(in German). 10 January 2020 3820:. Retrieved 12 January 2008. 3800:. Retrieved 12 January 2008. 2399:transfer the plane parts to 2126: 1877:Eight GSG 9 observation and 1696:60 GSG 9 operators (approx.) 1474: 1290:at 00:58 CEST, they flew to 1168:. Each person is to receive 1013:took off unhindered towards 855:Central European Summer Time 848: 557: 7: 5896:Lufthansa Aviation Training 5561:United Airlines Flight 2860 5371:Delta Air Lines Flight 1080 5361:Southern Airways Flight 242 5205:Documentary about the GSG 9 4763:(in German). 10 March 2024. 4382:(in German). Archived from 3869:Fox, Dieter (1 July 2021). 3798:onlineFocus from 08-25-2007 2624: 2310: 2233:hijackers, and in the 1975 2097:Order of the British Empire 2011:Federal Chancellery in Bonn 1672:Zohair Yousif Akache 1325:Dubai International Airport 1082:Federal Chancellery in Bonn 785:, designated by Chancellor 563:Zohair Yousif Akache (23), 273:on 13 October 1977 by four 215:(1 crewmember, 3 hijackers) 10: 6343: 6217:Deaths by firearm in Yemen 5838:50% joint venture airlines 5681:Daallo Airlines Flight 159 5511:Lynyrd Skynyrd plane crash 5491:Japan Air Lines Flight 472 5471:Japan Air Lines Flight 715 5381:Aviateca Convair 240 crash 4988:Althammer, Walter (1978). 4119:"Oktober 1977: Mogadischu" 3981:, by Mark Ensalaco, pg 116 3352:. 19 April 1977. p. 1 2431: 2411: 2389: 1902:submachine guns, only the 1542:Somali Democratic Republic 1449:Aden International Airport 1297: 1241: 1232:Commando Siegfried Hausner 967:Commando Siegfried Hausner 830:. After retiring from the 750:in 1972 shortly after the 724: 580:, he later studied at the 359:Commando Siegfried Hausner 6312:1977 disasters in Somalia 6277:20th century in Mogadishu 6137: 6114: 6097: 6066: 5974: 5914: 5868: 5837: 5825: 5748: 5741: 5657:Somali Airlines Flight 40 5643: 5590: 5351:Tenerife airport disaster 5282: 5024:Geiger, Tim (July 2009). 3818:faz-net, 1. Dezember 2007 1729: 1712: 1683: 1615: 1587:(observation and support) 1560: 1520: 1515: 1503: 1118:Dr. Hanns Martin Schleyer 911:. Kuhlmann, who used the 871:Palma de Mallorca Airport 812:German Federal Chancellor 781:Minister of State in the 732:Founder and commander of 523:Anna-Maria Staringer (28) 413:in 1940, he was a former 231: 220: 209: 201: 193: 185: 174: 168:Palma de Mallorca Airport 163: 153: 145: 137: 129: 119: 109: 99: 94: 65: 55: 47: 42: 26: 6297:1970s murders in Somalia 6124:(frequent flyer program) 5869:Non-airline subsidiaries 5411:Dan-Air Boeing 707 crash 4606:Schwäbischer Verlag 2023 3181:""So, jetzt stirbst Du"" 2396:Airplus Maintenance GmbH 2255:henceforth serviced all 1318: 1074:(AFP) in Paris, and the 840:and the creation of the 421:pilot. On 16 October at 170:, Palma, Mallorca, Spain 6307:1970s crimes in Somalia 5975:Incidents and accidents 5761:Lufthansa City Airlines 5451:Encino helicopter crash 5391:Tavda mid-air collision 5200:Internet Movie Database 4580:Der Tagesspiegel Online 4498:Der Tagesspiegel Online 2532:1971 Bundesliga scandal 2528:Horst-Gregorio Canellas 2450:Friedrichshafen Airport 2321:Transmille Air Services 2237:kidnapping. Chancellor 2218:were the perpetrators. 2193:post-mortem examination 1979:Hans-Jürgen Wischnewski 1933:Souhaila Andrawes Sayeh 1908:hollow-point ammunition 1792:Sankt Augustin-Hangelar 1759:Hans-Jürgen Wischnewski 1442: 1350:Hans-Jürgen Wischnewski 944: 776:Hans-Jürgen Wischnewski 752:Munich Olympic massacre 649:Souhaila Andrawes Sayeh 605:Kadhi Abdullah al-Hajri 16:1977 aircraft hijacking 6302:1977 murders in Africa 6262:1977 crimes in Germany 5957:Swiss Global Air Lines 5952:SunExpress Deutschland 5581:Vieques Air Link crash 5551:Air Indiana Flight 216 5291:Connellan air disaster 5042:10.1524/vfzg.2009.0049 2954:Walter, Emily (2011). 2926:Carolla, Mark (2007). 2641:Air France Flight 8969 2636:List of hostage crises 2280: 2015:Federal Cross of Merit 2009:On 20 October, at the 1990: 1904:Heckler & Koch P9S 1900:Heckler & Koch MP5 1616:Commanders and leaders 1223: 510:Chief flight attendant 506:Hannelore Piegler (33) 470:pilot. He piloted the 249: 5210:2 August 2016 at the 3559:BR-ONLINE Alpha-Forum 2278: 2203:publicly stated that 2183:French-German borders 2163:Hanns Martin Schleyer 1969: 1713:Casualties and losses 1660:Hussein Kulmiye Afrah 1110: 1077:Frankfurter Rundschau 971:Hanns Martin Schleyer 842:European Central Bank 820:Hanns Martin Schleyer 721:) Ulrich Wegener (48) 501:Hanns Martin Schleyer 355:Hanns Martin Schleyer 248:The Route (in German) 247: 6267:1977 in West Germany 5891:Lufthansa Consulting 5649:Lufthansa Flight 181 5501:Lufthansa Flight 181 5331:Aeroflot Flight 5003 5321:Linjeflyg Flight 618 5301:Aeroflot Flight 3843 5173:Blumenau, Bernhard. 4445:on 24 September 2017 3549:(14 November 2000). 2606:The 2015 video game 2360:Volga-Dnepr Airlines 2341:Volga-Dnepr Airlines 2305:Presidential Airways 2231:Lufthansa Flight 615 2227:Lufthansa Flight 649 2105:British Empire Medal 1999:Cologne Bonn Airport 1975:Cologne Bonn Airport 1730:4 civilians wounded 1390:United Arab Emirates 1342:auxiliary power unit 1179:: - Mahdi - Hussein. 1072:Agence France-Presse 715:Lieutenant Colonel ( 543:Engel von Mogadischu 281:while en route from 265:(reg. D-ABCE) named 253:Lufthansa Flight 181 22:Lufthansa Flight 181 6192:Aircraft hijackings 6187:Airborne operations 5881:Global Load Control 5599:► 1978 5593:1976 ◄ 5441:Aeroflot Flight B-2 5421:Aeroflot Flight 331 5401:Israeli CH-53 crash 4553:Saarbrücker Zeitung 3643:. 12 September 1977 3524:] (in German), 2913:, pp. 413–456. 2793:, pp. 138–156. 2594:Roland Suso Richter 2422:Munich Riem Airport 2109:Persian Gulf states 2099:(OBE) and Sergeant 2059:Special Air Service 1912:.38 S&W Special 1270:. He was told that 1191:Republic of Somalia 1019:air traffic control 783:Federal Chancellery 594:Yemen Arab Republic 547:Gabriele von Lutzau 327:Somali Armed Forces 70:Initially over the 23: 6327:Hijackings in 1977 6107:(Chairman and CEO) 5776:Lufthansa CityLine 5766:Lufthansa Regional 5749:Passenger airlines 5596: 5481:Yokohama F-4 crash 4657:on 30 October 2020 4125:on 8 November 2006 3836:The New York Times 3641:The New York Times 3404:The New York Times 3160:on 14 October 2017 2550:The song "RAF" by 2539:In popular culture 2485:in other airplanes 2374:, both arrived in 2281: 2201:Peter-Jürgen Boock 2117:British government 2093:Queen Elizabeth II 1991: 1739:While West German 1724:1 wounded/captured 1226:titled "Operation 1007:Italian government 844:. He died in 2015. 746:), established by 664:English literature 466:in 1942, a former 456:Jürgen Vietor (35) 445:. He is buried in 250: 110:Aircraft name 100:Aircraft type 35:Manchester Airport 21: 6169: 6168: 6130:(founding member) 6079:Brussels Airlines 6074:Austrian Airlines 5979: 5970: 5969: 5906:Lufthansa Technik 5901:Lufthansa Systems 5793:Discover Airlines 5788:Brussels Airlines 5783:Austrian Airlines 5699: 5698: 5605: 5604: 5183:978-1-137-39196-4 5168:978-0-7475-1921-8 5153:978-1-84908-376-8 4862:on 19 August 2006 4346:Lufthansa Technik 3812:Michael Hanfeld: 3639:. New York City: 3402:. New York City: 3279:). Archived from 3124:Rosenfeld, Dagmar 2631:Operation Entebbe 2348:Lufthansa Technik 2329:Fortaleza Airport 2317:TAF Linhas Aéreas 2216:Stefan Wisniewski 2121:Arabian Peninsula 1835:Gabriele Dillmann 1787:Bundesgrenzschutz 1737: 1736: 1639:Alastair Morrison 1556: 1555: 1369:, along with his 1348:In the meantime, 1166:Günter Sonnenberg 1146:Karl-Heinz Dellwo 1051:Martin Niemoeller 1002:Francesco Cossiga 955:Fiumicino Airport 919:Operation Entebbe 909:Brigitte Kuhlmann 890:plastic explosive 878:Frankfurt Airport 861:flight LH 181, a 764:Klaus Blätte (38) 743:Bundesgrenzschutz 738:counter-terrorism 533:Gabriele Dillmann 419:F-104 Starfighter 394:Palma de Mallorca 319:counter-terrorism 287:Frankfurt am Main 283:Palma de Mallorca 242: 241: 179:Frankfurt Airport 6334: 6252:Red Army Faction 6161: 6157: 6156: 6149: 6145: 6144: 6122:Miles & More 6115:Related articles 5977: 5947:Lufthansa Italia 5859:Turkish Airlines 5803:Eurowings Europe 5746: 5745: 5735: 5726: 5719: 5712: 5703: 5702: 5692: 5684: 5676: 5668: 5660: 5652: 5632: 5625: 5618: 5609: 5608: 5597: 5461:Malév Flight 203 5277: 5276: 5274: 5259: 5252: 5245: 5236: 5235: 5226: 5132: 5130: 5128: 5111: 5109: 5107: 5090: 5088: 5086: 5070:Behörden Spiegel 5060: 5058: 5056: 5020: 5018: 5016: 5001: 4974: 4973: 4971: 4969: 4954: 4948: 4947: 4931: 4925: 4924: 4908: 4902: 4901: 4899: 4897: 4878: 4872: 4871: 4869: 4867: 4858:. Archived from 4852: 4846: 4845: 4843: 4841: 4825: 4819: 4818: 4816: 4814: 4798: 4792: 4791: 4789: 4787: 4771: 4765: 4764: 4753: 4747: 4746: 4744: 4742: 4727: 4721: 4720: 4718: 4716: 4700: 4694: 4693: 4691: 4689: 4673: 4667: 4666: 4664: 4662: 4643: 4637: 4636: 4634: 4632: 4616: 4610: 4609: 4598: 4592: 4591: 4589: 4587: 4571: 4565: 4564: 4562: 4560: 4544: 4538: 4537: 4535: 4533: 4516: 4510: 4509: 4507: 4505: 4489: 4483: 4482: 4480: 4478: 4461: 4455: 4454: 4452: 4450: 4441:. Archived from 4424: 4418: 4417: 4415: 4413: 4402: 4396: 4395: 4393: 4391: 4371: 4365: 4364: 4359: 4357: 4334: 4328: 4327: 4322: 4320: 4293: 4287: 4286: 4284: 4282: 4271: 4265: 4264: 4262: 4260: 4248: 4242: 4241: 4234: 4228: 4225: 4219: 4218: 4216: 4214: 4195: 4189: 4188: 4186: 4184: 4173: 4162: 4161: 4159: 4157: 4146: 4135: 4134: 4132: 4130: 4121:. Archived from 4115: 4109: 4108: 4106: 4104: 4090: 4081: 4080: 4078: 4076: 4070: 4063: 4057: 4056: 4054: 4052: 4041: 4035: 4034: 4032: 4030: 4014: 4008: 4007: 4005: 4003: 3997: 3988: 3982: 3976: 3970: 3967: 3961: 3958: 3952: 3951: 3949: 3947: 3931: 3906: 3905: 3903: 3901: 3889: 3883: 3882: 3880: 3878: 3866: 3855: 3854: 3852: 3850: 3827: 3821: 3810: 3801: 3795: 3786: 3785: 3783: 3781: 3770: 3749: 3743: 3690: 3689: 3687: 3685: 3671: 3665: 3659: 3653: 3652: 3650: 3648: 3633: 3624: 3623: 3621: 3619: 3608: 3583: 3577: 3571: 3570: 3568: 3566: 3556: 3543: 3537: 3536: 3535: 3533: 3512: 3506: 3505: 3503: 3501: 3485: 3472: 3471: 3469: 3467: 3451: 3438: 3437: 3435: 3433: 3422: 3416: 3415: 3413: 3411: 3396: 3390: 3389: 3387: 3385: 3373: 3362: 3361: 3359: 3357: 3342: 3327: 3326: 3324: 3322: 3310: 3293: 3292: 3290: 3288: 3258: 3227: 3226: 3224: 3222: 3213:. Archived from 3176: 3170: 3169: 3167: 3165: 3156:. Archived from 3146:Axel Springer SE 3144:: WeltN24 GmbH ( 3115: 3109: 3108: 3106: 3104: 3093: 3087: 3086: 3084: 3082: 3071: 3058: 3057: 3056: 3054: 3037: 3031: 3030: 3028: 3026: 3003: 2982: 2981: 2979: 2977: 2962: 2951: 2940: 2939: 2937: 2935: 2923: 2914: 2908: 2861: 2858:Probstmeier 2021 2855: 2794: 2788: 2732: 2731: 2720: 2719: 2718: 2708: 2707: 2706: 2696: 2695: 2694: 2684: 2683: 2682: 2672: 2671: 2660: 2659: 2658: 2651: 2584: 2522:Notable hostages 2481:Use of the name 2401:Berlin Tempelhof 2213: 2148:Stammheim Prison 1941:"Frühlingszeit!" 1851:Somali Air Force 1757:, special envoy 1748:Somali President 1733: 1704: 1703: 1695: 1694: 1678: 1671: 1670: 1669: 1658: 1657: 1647: 1646: 1638: 1637: 1627: 1626: 1608: 1607: 1606: 1599:(ground support) 1595: 1594: 1583: 1582: 1572: 1571: 1522: 1521: 1513: 1512: 1383: 1219:13 October 1977, 1098:telephone booths 1044: 979:Stammheim Prison 963:Red Army Faction 869:, took off from 828:Red Army Faction 675:Hind Alameh (22) 617:Heathrow Airport 539:Flight attendant 527:Flight attendant 493:Red Army Faction 415:German Air Force 373:Stammheim Prison 297:prisons and two 293:leaders held in 291:Red Army Faction 238: 227: 216: 83: 78:the French coast 31: 24: 20: 6342: 6341: 6337: 6336: 6335: 6333: 6332: 6331: 6272:1977 in Somalia 6172: 6171: 6170: 6165: 6159: 6147: 6133: 6110: 6093: 6062: 5976: 5966: 5910: 5864: 5833: 5831:Lufthansa Cargo 5821: 5737: 5734:Lufthansa Group 5733: 5730: 5700: 5695: 5687: 5683:(February 2016) 5679: 5671: 5663: 5655: 5647: 5639: 5636: 5606: 5601: 5595: 5586: 5585: 5584: 5583: 5578: 5574: 5573: 5568: 5564: 5563: 5558: 5554: 5553: 5548: 5544: 5543: 5538: 5534: 5533: 5528: 5524: 5523: 5518: 5514: 5513: 5508: 5504: 5503: 5498: 5494: 5493: 5488: 5484: 5483: 5478: 5474: 5473: 5468: 5464: 5463: 5458: 5454: 5453: 5448: 5444: 5443: 5438: 5434: 5433: 5428: 5424: 5423: 5418: 5414: 5413: 5408: 5404: 5403: 5398: 5394: 5393: 5388: 5384: 5383: 5378: 5374: 5373: 5368: 5364: 5363: 5358: 5354: 5353: 5348: 5344: 5343: 5338: 5334: 5333: 5328: 5324: 5323: 5318: 5314: 5313: 5308: 5304: 5303: 5298: 5294: 5293: 5288: 5278: 5272: 5270: 5265: 5263: 5212:Wayback Machine 5192: 5158:Davies, Barry. 5140: 5138:Further reading 5135: 5126: 5124: 5105: 5103: 5084: 5082: 5080: 5054: 5052: 5014: 5012: 5010: 4999: 4983: 4978: 4977: 4967: 4965: 4955: 4951: 4932: 4928: 4909: 4905: 4895: 4893: 4880: 4879: 4875: 4865: 4863: 4854: 4853: 4849: 4839: 4837: 4836:(in Portuguese) 4826: 4822: 4812: 4810: 4799: 4795: 4785: 4783: 4772: 4768: 4755: 4754: 4750: 4740: 4738: 4729: 4728: 4724: 4714: 4712: 4701: 4697: 4687: 4685: 4674: 4670: 4660: 4658: 4645: 4644: 4640: 4630: 4628: 4617: 4613: 4600: 4599: 4595: 4585: 4583: 4572: 4568: 4558: 4556: 4545: 4541: 4531: 4529: 4518: 4517: 4513: 4503: 4501: 4490: 4486: 4476: 4474: 4463: 4462: 4458: 4448: 4446: 4425: 4421: 4411: 4409: 4404: 4403: 4399: 4389: 4387: 4386:on 29 July 2017 4372: 4368: 4355: 4353: 4352:on 13 June 2018 4336: 4335: 4331: 4318: 4316: 4295: 4294: 4290: 4280: 4278: 4273: 4272: 4268: 4258: 4256: 4255:(in Portuguese) 4249: 4245: 4236: 4235: 4231: 4226: 4222: 4212: 4210: 4201:(17 May 1992). 4199:Möller, Irmgard 4196: 4192: 4182: 4180: 4175: 4174: 4165: 4155: 4153: 4148: 4147: 4138: 4128: 4126: 4117: 4116: 4112: 4102: 4100: 4092: 4091: 4084: 4074: 4072: 4065: 4064: 4060: 4050: 4048: 4043: 4042: 4038: 4028: 4026: 4023:vdi nachrichten 4015: 4011: 4001: 3999: 3995: 3990: 3989: 3985: 3977: 3973: 3968: 3964: 3959: 3955: 3945: 3943: 3932: 3909: 3899: 3897: 3890: 3886: 3876: 3874: 3867: 3858: 3848: 3846: 3828: 3824: 3811: 3804: 3796: 3789: 3779: 3777: 3772: 3771: 3752: 3746:Weisswange 2020 3744: 3693: 3683: 3681: 3673: 3672: 3668: 3660: 3656: 3646: 3644: 3635: 3634: 3627: 3617: 3615: 3610: 3609: 3586: 3578: 3574: 3564: 3562: 3554: 3547:Wegener, Ulrich 3544: 3540: 3531: 3529: 3514: 3513: 3509: 3499: 3497: 3486: 3475: 3465: 3463: 3460:Spiegel Politik 3452: 3441: 3431: 3429: 3424: 3423: 3419: 3409: 3407: 3398: 3397: 3393: 3383: 3381: 3374: 3365: 3355: 3353: 3344: 3343: 3330: 3320: 3318: 3311: 3296: 3286: 3284: 3283:on 8 March 2021 3273:Südwestrundfunk 3259: 3230: 3220: 3218: 3217:on 8 March 2016 3177: 3173: 3163: 3161: 3116: 3112: 3102: 3100: 3095: 3094: 3090: 3080: 3078: 3073: 3072: 3061: 3052: 3050: 3039: 3038: 3034: 3024: 3022: 3020: 3004: 2985: 2975: 2973: 2971: 2960: 2952: 2943: 2933: 2931: 2924: 2917: 2909: 2864: 2856: 2797: 2789: 2748: 2743: 2738: 2726: 2716: 2714: 2704: 2702: 2692: 2690: 2680: 2678: 2666: 2656: 2654: 2646: 2627: 2578: 2541: 2524: 2512:Airbus A330-300 2503:Airbus A319-100 2487: 2434: 2414: 2406:Monika Grütters 2392: 2376:Friedrichshafen 2313: 2273: 2257:Somali Airlines 2207: 2129: 2039:James Callaghan 2031: 2007: 1731: 1722: 1705:2 SAS operators 1698: 1697: 1689: 1674: 1667: 1665: 1662: 1652: 1651: 1641: 1640: 1632: 1631: 1621: 1604: 1602: 1589: 1588: 1577: 1576: 1566: 1544: 1528:18 October 1977 1511: 1506: 1477: 1445: 1377: 1321: 1315:at 03:24 CEST. 1300: 1244: 1220: 1158:Ingrid Schubert 1038: 1027: 998:Werner Maihofer 951:Aix-en-Provence 947: 927:Captain Mahmoud 851: 729: 712: 639:Son of wealthy 636:Wabil Harb (23) 609:plenipotentiary 568:Captain Mahmoud 560: 427:Captain Mahmoud 401:Jürgen Schumann 386: 335: 236: 225: 214: 138:ICAO flight No. 130:IATA flight No. 104:Boeing 737-230C 81: 73: 69: 38: 17: 12: 11: 5: 6340: 6330: 6329: 6324: 6319: 6314: 6309: 6304: 6299: 6294: 6289: 6284: 6279: 6274: 6269: 6264: 6259: 6254: 6249: 6244: 6239: 6234: 6229: 6227:Hostage taking 6224: 6219: 6214: 6209: 6204: 6199: 6194: 6189: 6184: 6167: 6166: 6164: 6163: 6151: 6138: 6135: 6134: 6132: 6131: 6125: 6118: 6116: 6112: 6111: 6109: 6108: 6101: 6099: 6095: 6094: 6092: 6091: 6086: 6081: 6076: 6070: 6068: 6064: 6063: 6061: 6060: 6054: 6048: 6042: 6036: 6030: 6024: 6018: 6012: 6007: 6001: 5995: 5989: 5982: 5980: 5972: 5971: 5968: 5967: 5965: 5964: 5962:Team Lufthansa 5959: 5954: 5949: 5944: 5939: 5934: 5929: 5924: 5918: 5916: 5912: 5911: 5909: 5908: 5903: 5898: 5893: 5888: 5883: 5878: 5872: 5870: 5866: 5865: 5863: 5862: 5852: 5841: 5839: 5835: 5834: 5829: 5827: 5826:Cargo airlines 5823: 5822: 5820: 5819: 5818: 5817: 5807: 5806: 5805: 5795: 5790: 5785: 5780: 5779: 5778: 5773: 5763: 5758: 5752: 5750: 5743: 5739: 5738: 5729: 5728: 5721: 5714: 5706: 5697: 5696: 5694: 5693: 5685: 5677: 5669: 5661: 5653: 5651:(October 1977) 5644: 5641: 5640: 5635: 5634: 5627: 5620: 5612: 5603: 5602: 5591: 5588: 5587: 5579: 5576: 5575: 5569: 5566: 5565: 5559: 5556: 5555: 5549: 5546: 5545: 5539: 5536: 5535: 5529: 5526: 5525: 5521:TAP Flight 425 5519: 5516: 5515: 5509: 5506: 5505: 5499: 5496: 5495: 5489: 5486: 5485: 5479: 5476: 5475: 5469: 5466: 5465: 5459: 5456: 5455: 5449: 5446: 5445: 5439: 5436: 5435: 5429: 5426: 5425: 5419: 5416: 5415: 5409: 5406: 5405: 5399: 5396: 5395: 5389: 5386: 5385: 5379: 5376: 5375: 5369: 5366: 5365: 5359: 5356: 5355: 5349: 5346: 5345: 5339: 5336: 5335: 5329: 5326: 5325: 5319: 5316: 5315: 5309: 5306: 5305: 5299: 5296: 5295: 5289: 5286: 5285: 5284: 5283: 5280: 5279: 5262: 5261: 5254: 5247: 5239: 5233: 5232: 5227: 5214: 5202: 5191: 5190:External links 5188: 5187: 5186: 5171: 5156: 5143:McNab, Chris. 5139: 5136: 5134: 5133: 5121:Osthessen News 5112: 5091: 5078: 5061: 5021: 5008: 4984: 4982: 4979: 4976: 4975: 4949: 4926: 4903: 4892:. 23 July 1999 4873: 4847: 4820: 4793: 4766: 4748: 4722: 4695: 4668: 4638: 4611: 4593: 4566: 4539: 4511: 4484: 4470:Spiegel Online 4456: 4419: 4397: 4366: 4342:Press Releases 4329: 4315:. 27 July 2017 4305:Deutsche Welle 4288: 4266: 4243: 4229: 4220: 4190: 4163: 4136: 4110: 4082: 4058: 4036: 4009: 3983: 3971: 3962: 3953: 3907: 3884: 3856: 3822: 3802: 3787: 3750: 3691: 3666: 3654: 3625: 3584: 3572: 3538: 3507: 3473: 3439: 3417: 3406:. 7 April 1977 3391: 3363: 3328: 3294: 3228: 3171: 3110: 3088: 3059: 3032: 3018: 2983: 2969: 2941: 2915: 2862: 2795: 2791:Althammer 1978 2745: 2744: 2742: 2739: 2737: 2736: 2724: 2712: 2700: 2688: 2676: 2664: 2644: 2643: 2638: 2633: 2626: 2623: 2592:, directed by 2568:Baader Meinhof 2564:Patti Palladin 2540: 2537: 2536: 2535: 2523: 2520: 2519: 2518: 2509: 2500: 2494:Boeing 737-200 2486: 2479: 2478: 2477: 2474: 2473: 2472: 2469: 2466: 2463: 2459:€7.5 million: 2433: 2430: 2413: 2410: 2391: 2388: 2337:Dornier Museum 2312: 2309: 2272: 2269: 2239:Helmut Schmidt 2156:Irmgard Möller 2141:Jan-Carl Raspe 2137:Gudrun Ensslin 2133:Andreas Baader 2128: 2125: 2113:Horn of Africa 2089:United Kingdom 2035:Helmut Schmidt 2030: 2027: 2006: 2003: 1868:overwing doors 1767:Ulrich Wegener 1744:Helmut Schmidt 1735: 1734: 1727: 1726: 1719: 1715: 1714: 1710: 1709: 1706: 1686: 1685: 1681: 1680: 1663: 1629:Ulrich Wegener 1618: 1617: 1613: 1612: 1600: 1563: 1562: 1558: 1557: 1554: 1553: 1550: 1546: 1545: 1536: 1534: 1530: 1529: 1526: 1518: 1517: 1510: 1507: 1505: 1502: 1476: 1473: 1444: 1441: 1417:Masirah Island 1375:Gerhard Boeden 1363:Ulrich Wegener 1359:Oberstleutnant 1320: 1317: 1306:airliner that 1299: 1296: 1272:Beirut Airport 1243: 1240: 1217: 1216: 1213: 1209: 1206: 1202: 1198: 1183: 1180: 1173: 1162:Irmgard Möller 1134:Jan Carl Raspe 1130:Gudrun Ensslin 1126:Andreas Baader 1026: 1023: 946: 943: 850: 847: 846: 845: 809: 806:Helmut Schmidt 802: 787:Helmut Schmidt 779: 772: 765: 759: 727:Ulrich Wegener 725:Main article: 723: 722: 718:Oberstleutnant 711: 708: 684: 683: 676: 672: 671: 662:, she studied 652: 645: 644: 637: 633: 632: 570: 559: 556: 555: 554: 536: 530: 524: 521: 507: 504: 497:Christian Klar 491:of the former 457: 454: 404: 385: 384:Lufthansa crew 382: 345:activities in 334: 331: 240: 239: 233: 229: 228: 222: 218: 217: 211: 207: 206: 203: 199: 198: 195: 191: 190: 187: 183: 182: 176: 172: 171: 165: 161: 160: 157: 151: 150: 147: 143: 142: 139: 135: 134: 131: 127: 126: 121: 117: 116: 111: 107: 106: 101: 97: 96: 92: 91: 67: 63: 62: 57: 53: 52: 49: 45: 44: 40: 39: 32: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6339: 6328: 6325: 6323: 6320: 6318: 6315: 6313: 6310: 6308: 6305: 6303: 6300: 6298: 6295: 6293: 6290: 6288: 6285: 6283: 6280: 6278: 6275: 6273: 6270: 6268: 6265: 6263: 6260: 6258: 6255: 6253: 6250: 6248: 6245: 6243: 6240: 6238: 6235: 6233: 6230: 6228: 6225: 6223: 6220: 6218: 6215: 6213: 6210: 6208: 6205: 6203: 6200: 6198: 6195: 6193: 6190: 6188: 6185: 6183: 6180: 6179: 6177: 6162: 6152: 6150: 6140: 6139: 6136: 6129: 6128:Star Alliance 6126: 6123: 6120: 6119: 6117: 6113: 6106: 6105:Carsten Spohr 6103: 6102: 6100: 6098:Key personnel 6096: 6090: 6087: 6085: 6082: 6080: 6077: 6075: 6072: 6071: 6069: 6065: 6058: 6055: 6052: 6049: 6046: 6043: 6040: 6037: 6034: 6031: 6028: 6025: 6022: 6019: 6016: 6013: 6011: 6008: 6005: 6002: 5999: 5996: 5993: 5990: 5987: 5984: 5983: 5981: 5973: 5963: 5960: 5958: 5955: 5953: 5950: 5948: 5945: 5943: 5940: 5938: 5935: 5933: 5930: 5928: 5925: 5923: 5920: 5919: 5917: 5913: 5907: 5904: 5902: 5899: 5897: 5894: 5892: 5889: 5887: 5884: 5882: 5879: 5877: 5874: 5873: 5871: 5867: 5860: 5856: 5853: 5850: 5846: 5843: 5842: 5840: 5836: 5832: 5828: 5824: 5816: 5815:Edelweiss Air 5813: 5812: 5811: 5808: 5804: 5801: 5800: 5799: 5796: 5794: 5791: 5789: 5786: 5784: 5781: 5777: 5774: 5772: 5769: 5768: 5767: 5764: 5762: 5759: 5757: 5754: 5753: 5751: 5747: 5744: 5740: 5736: 5727: 5722: 5720: 5715: 5713: 5708: 5707: 5704: 5690: 5686: 5682: 5678: 5675:(August 2013) 5674: 5670: 5666: 5662: 5658: 5654: 5650: 5646: 5645: 5642: 5633: 5628: 5626: 5621: 5619: 5614: 5613: 5610: 5600: 5594: 5589: 5582: 5572: 5562: 5552: 5542: 5532: 5522: 5512: 5502: 5492: 5482: 5472: 5462: 5452: 5442: 5432: 5422: 5412: 5402: 5392: 5382: 5372: 5362: 5352: 5342: 5332: 5322: 5312: 5302: 5292: 5281: 5268: 5260: 5255: 5253: 5248: 5246: 5241: 5240: 5237: 5231: 5228: 5224: 5220: 5215: 5213: 5209: 5206: 5203: 5201: 5197: 5194: 5193: 5184: 5180: 5176: 5172: 5169: 5165: 5161: 5157: 5154: 5150: 5146: 5142: 5141: 5122: 5118: 5113: 5101: 5097: 5092: 5081: 5079:9783934401693 5075: 5071: 5067: 5062: 5051: 5047: 5043: 5039: 5035: 5032:(in German). 5031: 5027: 5022: 5011: 5005: 4997: 4993: 4992: 4986: 4985: 4964: 4960: 4953: 4946: 4941: 4937: 4936: 4930: 4923: 4918: 4914: 4913: 4907: 4891: 4888:(in German). 4887: 4883: 4877: 4861: 4857: 4851: 4835: 4831: 4824: 4808: 4804: 4797: 4781: 4777: 4770: 4762: 4758: 4752: 4736: 4732: 4726: 4710: 4706: 4699: 4683: 4679: 4672: 4656: 4652: 4648: 4642: 4626: 4622: 4615: 4607: 4603: 4597: 4581: 4577: 4570: 4554: 4550: 4543: 4527: 4526: 4521: 4515: 4499: 4495: 4488: 4472: 4471: 4466: 4460: 4444: 4440: 4436: 4435: 4430: 4423: 4407: 4401: 4385: 4381: 4377: 4370: 4363: 4351: 4347: 4343: 4339: 4333: 4326: 4314: 4310: 4306: 4302: 4298: 4292: 4276: 4270: 4254: 4247: 4239: 4233: 4224: 4208: 4204: 4200: 4194: 4178: 4172: 4170: 4168: 4151: 4145: 4143: 4141: 4124: 4120: 4114: 4099: 4095: 4089: 4087: 4069: 4062: 4046: 4040: 4024: 4020: 4013: 3993: 3987: 3980: 3975: 3966: 3957: 3941: 3937: 3930: 3928: 3926: 3924: 3922: 3920: 3918: 3916: 3914: 3912: 3895: 3888: 3872: 3865: 3863: 3861: 3845: 3841: 3837: 3833: 3826: 3819: 3815: 3809: 3807: 3799: 3794: 3792: 3775: 3769: 3767: 3765: 3763: 3761: 3759: 3757: 3755: 3747: 3742: 3740: 3738: 3736: 3734: 3732: 3730: 3728: 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3002: 3000: 2998: 2996: 2994: 2992: 2990: 2988: 2972: 2970:9781100189338 2966: 2959: 2958: 2950: 2948: 2946: 2929: 2922: 2920: 2912: 2907: 2905: 2903: 2901: 2899: 2897: 2895: 2893: 2891: 2889: 2887: 2885: 2883: 2881: 2879: 2877: 2875: 2873: 2871: 2869: 2867: 2859: 2854: 2852: 2850: 2848: 2846: 2844: 2842: 2840: 2838: 2836: 2834: 2832: 2830: 2828: 2826: 2824: 2822: 2820: 2818: 2816: 2814: 2812: 2810: 2808: 2806: 2804: 2802: 2800: 2792: 2787: 2785: 2783: 2781: 2779: 2777: 2775: 2773: 2771: 2769: 2767: 2765: 2763: 2761: 2759: 2757: 2755: 2753: 2751: 2746: 2735: 2730: 2725: 2723: 2713: 2711: 2701: 2699: 2689: 2687: 2677: 2675: 2670: 2665: 2663: 2653: 2652: 2649: 2642: 2639: 2637: 2634: 2632: 2629: 2628: 2622: 2621: 2619: 2613: 2611: 2610: 2604: 2602: 2597: 2595: 2591: 2590: 2585: 2582: 2577: 2571: 2569: 2565: 2561: 2557: 2553: 2548: 2546: 2545:The Screamers 2533: 2529: 2526: 2525: 2516: 2513: 2510: 2507: 2504: 2501: 2498: 2495: 2492: 2491: 2490: 2484: 2475: 2470: 2467: 2464: 2461: 2460: 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RAF member 2153: 2149: 2146: 2142: 2138: 2134: 2124: 2122: 2118: 2114: 2110: 2106: 2102: 2098: 2094: 2090: 2085: 2083: 2078: 2074: 2073:stun grenades 2069: 2067: 2062: 2060: 2056: 2055:Jürgen Ruhfus 2052: 2048: 2044: 2040: 2036: 2026: 2024: 2019: 2016: 2012: 2005:Global praise 2002: 2000: 1996: 1988: 1984: 1980: 1976: 1972: 1968: 1964: 1960: 1958: 1952: 1950: 1946: 1942: 1936: 1934: 1928: 1925: 1919: 1916: 1913: 1909: 1905: 1901: 1895: 1891: 1889: 1884: 1880: 1875: 1873: 1869: 1865: 1861: 1855: 1852: 1846: 1843: 1838: 1836: 1832: 1828: 1824: 1820: 1815: 1813: 1809: 1805: 1801: 1797: 1793: 1789: 1788: 1782: 1780: 1776: 1772: 1768: 1764: 1760: 1756: 1752: 1749: 1745: 1742: 1728: 1725: 1720: 1717: 1716: 1711: 1707: 1702: 1693: 1688: 1687: 1682: 1679: 1677: 1664: 1661: 1656: 1650: 1645: 1636: 1630: 1625: 1620: 1619: 1614: 1611: 1601: 1598: 1593: 1586: 1581: 1575: 1570: 1565: 1564: 1559: 1552:GSG 9 victory 1551: 1548: 1547: 1543: 1539: 1535: 1532: 1531: 1527: 1524: 1523: 1519: 1514: 1501: 1498: 1494: 1488: 1486: 1482: 1472: 1470: 1466: 1460: 1456: 1452: 1450: 1440: 1438: 1434: 1430: 1426: 1422: 1418: 1414: 1410: 1405: 1402: 1401:stun grenades 1397: 1395: 1391: 1387: 1381: 1376: 1372: 1368: 1364: 1361: 1360: 1355: 1351: 1346: 1343: 1337: 1335: 1329: 1326: 1316: 1314: 1309: 1305: 1295: 1293: 1289: 1285: 1281: 1278:instead. 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London: 2934:9 November 2741:References 2589:Mogadischu 2576:Death Game 2560:Judy Nylon 2380:cargo ship 2372:Cape Verde 2289:Boeing 737 2221:After the 2188:Libération 2077:phosphorus 1973:landed at 1860:blind spot 1769:, and his 1765:commander 1751:Siad Barre 1741:Chancellor 1649:Siad Barre 1250:landed in 863:Boeing 737 619:, using a 495:terrorist 462:. 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