308:
303:
in the eighteenth century. Loup B refers to a second word list, which shows extensive dialectal variation. This may not be a distinct language, but just notes on the speech of various New
England Algonquian refugees in French missions. According to Gustafson 2000, the geographical location and
1511:
1526:
251:(literally translating to "wolf words"), compiled by Jean-Claude Mathevet, a priest who worked among Algonquian peoples, composing of 124 pages.
1536:
1531:
798:
1521:
867:
1516:
740:
1506:
687:
The vowel sounds likely have the same phonetic quality as other southern New
England Algonquian languages. The short vowels
560:
536:
40:
1296:
483:
288:
1177:
639:
860:
202:
189:
1355:
1164:
1014:
764:"The 'Loup' Languages of Western Massachusetts: The Dialectal Diversity of Southern New England Algonquian"
652:
646:
505:
114:
712:
708:
704:
700:
696:
692:
688:
259:
colonial ethnographic term, and usage was inconsistent. In modern literature, it refers to two varieties,
1377:
1264:
1259:
1049:
763:
618:
612:
520:
672:
666:
571:
443:
436:
429:
271:
notebook is different from all other New
England languages, and is believed to have been spoken by the
1459:
1291:
853:
625:
300:
807:
1316:
1286:
1276:
1056:
452:
921:
353:
311:
1063:
1036:
554:
405:
398:
1452:
969:
964:
915:
884:
240:
109:
8:
1334:
1326:
1301:
1237:
1182:
1141:
1042:
959:
907:
893:
497:
471:
363:
1427:
1371:
1361:
1254:
1134:
1087:
990:
343:
338:
226:
219:
1434:
1366:
1306:
1281:
1270:
1223:
1188:
1171:
528:
348:
304:
phonology of Loup rule out association with any other tribes except for the
Nipmuck.
1383:
1158:
1114:
1070:
1000:
901:
84:
1541:
1471:
1246:
1233:
1098:
1092:
876:
392:
358:
256:
104:
96:
36:
832:
827:
1487:
1479:
1410:
1404:
1311:
1105:
423:
135:
307:
1500:
1216:
941:
932:
460:
182:
62:
52:
1211:
1203:
143:
172:
165:
678:
606:
594:
287:, is principally attested from a word list recorded from refugees by the
244:
66:
748:. Deparament of Linguistics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba.
995:
974:
660:
599:
949:
633:
327:
The phonology of Loup A (Nipmuck), reconstructed by
Gustafson 2000:
212:
156:
845:
837:
315:
292:
77:
1475:
954:
296:
284:
272:
691:
may represent the sounds as , , , and , while the long vowels
243:
language, or possibly group of languages, spoken in colonial
1512:
Indigenous languages of the North
American eastern woodlands
299:. The descendants of these refugees became speakers of
41:
800:
1498:
833:OLAC resources in and about the Loup B language
828:OLAC resources in and about the Loup A language
861:
283:Loup A, which is likely the language of the
1527:Native American history of New York (state)
868:
854:
738:
16:Extinct Algonquin language of New England
768:Papers of the 44th Algonquian Conference
314:sign, a place name originating from the
306:
761:
247:. It was attested in a notebook titled
1499:
1537:Languages extinct in the 18th century
1532:Indigenous languages of North America
849:
796:
35:
757:
755:
734:
732:
730:
728:
875:
13:
1522:Extinct languages of North America
14:
1553:
821:
752:
742:A Grammar of the Nipmuck Language
739:Gustafson, Holly Suzanne (2000).
725:
677:
671:
665:
651:
645:
638:
624:
617:
611:
570:
559:
535:
519:
504:
482:
459:
451:
442:
435:
428:
404:
397:
1517:Languages of the United States
790:
786:Atlas of the World's Languages
778:
278:
1:
718:
1507:Eastern Algonquian languages
552:
526:
495:
469:
421:
390:
322:
7:
1482:language •
1071:Quiripi–Naugatuck–Unquachog
1050:Massachusett Pidgin English
10:
1558:
1469:
1444:
1419:
1396:
1347:
1325:
1245:
1232:
1202:
1151:
1124:
1080:
1022:
1013:
983:
940:
931:
892:
883:
664:
362:
357:
347:
342:
337:
335:
210:
197:
180:
154:
149:
132:
93:
83:
72:
58:
48:
31:
26:
21:
1356:Algonquian–Basque pidgin
1297:North of Superior Ojibwa
797:Costa, David J. (2007).
1204:Mesquakie–Sauk–Kickapoo
933:Cree–Montagnais–Naskapi
1178:Maliseet–Passamaquoddy
774:. SUNY Press: 104–138.
762:Goddard, Ives (2012).
319:
312:Chaubunagungamaug lake
267:. The language of the
310:
1023:Southern New England
784:Victor Golla, 2007.
1302:Northwestern Ojibwa
1265:Border Lakes Ojibwa
1260:Berens River Ojibwa
1165:Carolina Algonquian
1043:Massachusett Pidgin
838:Nipmuc Language.org
588:
332:
176: – Loup B
169: – Loup A
1015:Eastern Algonquian
813:on 25 August 2018.
586:
331:Nipmuc consonants
330:
320:
115:Eastern Algonquian
1494:
1493:
1488:extinct languages
1392:
1391:
1343:
1342:
1271:Broken Oghibbeway
1198:
1197:
1009:
1008:
685:
684:
584:
583:
387:
382:
377:
372:
234:
233:
142:transcribed with
1549:
1460:Proto-Algonquian
1292:Nipissing Ojibwa
1243:
1242:
1020:
1019:
938:
937:
890:
889:
870:
863:
856:
847:
846:
815:
814:
812:
806:. Archived from
805:
794:
788:
782:
776:
775:
759:
750:
749:
747:
736:
714:
710:
706:
702:
698:
694:
690:
681:
675:
669:
655:
649:
642:
628:
621:
615:
589:
585:
574:
563:
539:
523:
508:
486:
463:
455:
446:
439:
432:
408:
401:
385:
380:
375:
370:
333:
329:
229:
222:
205:
192:
175:
168:
159:
138:
99:
39:
19:
18:
1557:
1556:
1552:
1551:
1550:
1548:
1547:
1546:
1497:
1496:
1495:
1490:
1465:
1445:Proto-languages
1440:
1415:
1388:
1339:
1321:
1228:
1194:
1147:
1120:
1099:Pidgin Delaware
1076:
1005:
979:
927:
879:
877:Algic languages
874:
843:
824:
819:
818:
810:
803:
795:
791:
783:
779:
760:
753:
745:
737:
726:
721:
352:
325:
301:Western Abenaki
291:mission to the
281:
255:('Wolf') was a
225:
224:
218:
201:
188:
185:
171:
170:
164:
163:
155:
139:
134:
128:
100:
97:Language family
95:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1555:
1545:
1544:
1539:
1534:
1529:
1524:
1519:
1514:
1509:
1492:
1491:
1470:
1467:
1466:
1464:
1463:
1456:
1448:
1446:
1442:
1441:
1439:
1438:
1431:
1423:
1421:
1417:
1416:
1414:
1413:
1408:
1400:
1398:
1394:
1393:
1390:
1389:
1387:
1386:
1381:
1378:Miami–Illinois
1374:
1369:
1364:
1359:
1351:
1349:
1345:
1344:
1341:
1340:
1338:
1337:
1331:
1329:
1323:
1322:
1320:
1319:
1317:Western Ojibwa
1314:
1309:
1304:
1299:
1294:
1289:
1287:Eastern Ojibwa
1284:
1279:
1277:Central Ojibwa
1274:
1267:
1262:
1257:
1251:
1249:
1240:
1230:
1229:
1227:
1226:
1221:
1220:
1219:
1212:Mesquakie–Sauk
1208:
1206:
1200:
1199:
1196:
1195:
1193:
1192:
1185:
1180:
1175:
1168:
1161:
1155:
1153:
1149:
1148:
1146:
1145:
1138:
1130:
1128:
1122:
1121:
1119:
1118:
1111:
1110:
1109:
1102:
1095:
1084:
1082:
1078:
1077:
1075:
1074:
1067:
1060:
1057:Mohegan–Pequot
1053:
1046:
1039:
1034:
1026:
1024:
1017:
1011:
1010:
1007:
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1003:
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993:
987:
985:
981:
980:
978:
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962:
957:
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946:
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925:
918:
913:
912:
911:
898:
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887:
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880:
873:
872:
865:
858:
850:
841:
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835:
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823:
822:External links
820:
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789:
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722:
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703:correspond to
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239:is an extinct
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223: Nipmuck
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199:
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186:
181:
178:
177:
160:
152:
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150:Language codes
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136:Writing system
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49:Native to
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923:
922:Nawathinehena
919:
917:
914:
910:
909:
905:
904:
903:
900:
899:
897:
895:
891:
888:
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871:
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839:
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801:
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787:
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769:
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724:
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680:
674:
668:
662:
659:
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569:
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522:
518:
516:
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485:
481:
479:
477:
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462:
457:
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450:
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438:
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431:
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410:
407:
403:
400:
396:
394:
391:
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355:
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328:
317:
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309:
305:
302:
298:
294:
290:
286:
276:
274:
270:
266:
262:
258:
254:
250:
246:
242:
238:
230: Loup B
228:
221:
217:
215:
214:
209:
204:
200:
196:
191:
187:
184:
183:Linguist List
179:
174:
167:
161:
158:
153:
148:
145:
141:
137:
131:
121:
118:
117:
116:
113:
112:
111:
108:
107:
106:
102:
98:
92:
88:
86:
82:
79:
75:
71:
68:
64:
63:Massachusetts
61:
57:
54:
53:United States
51:
47:
44:
43:
38:
34:
32:Pronunciation
30:
25:
20:
1483:
1458:
1451:
1433:
1426:
1403:
1376:
1354:
1269:
1187:
1170:
1163:
1140:
1133:
1125:
1113:
1104:
1097:
1069:
1064:Narragansett
1062:
1055:
1048:
1041:
1037:Massachusett
1030:
1029:
920:
906:
842:
808:the original
799:
792:
785:
780:
771:
767:
741:
686:
354:Postalveolar
326:
282:
268:
264:
260:
252:
248:
236:
235:
211:
144:Latin script
119:
89:18th century
37:[lu]
1453:Proto-Algic
1126:Nanticockan
970:Swampy Cree
965:Plains Cree
916:Gros Ventre
555:Approximant
289:St. Francis
279:Attestation
245:New England
67:Connecticut
1501:Categories
1335:Potawatomi
1327:Potawatomi
1238:Potawatomi
1142:Piscataway
996:Innu-aimun
975:Woods Cree
960:Moose Cree
908:Besawunena
885:Algonquian
719:References
269:Mots loups
249:Mots loups
241:Algonquian
110:Algonquian
1486:indicate
1428:Nansemond
1420:Uncertain
1372:Menominee
1362:Blackfoot
1255:Algonquin
1135:Nanticoke
1081:Delawaran
991:Atikamekw
950:East Cree
894:Arapahoan
498:Fricative
472:Affricate
323:Phonology
213:Glottolog
157:ISO 639-3
73:Ethnicity
1435:Pamunkey
1367:Cheyenne
1307:Oji-Cree
1282:Chippewa
1224:Kickapoo
1189:Powhatan
1172:Etchemin
1088:Delaware
344:Alveolar
339:Bilabial
227:loup1245
220:loup1243
1484:Italics
1384:Shawnee
1183:Mi'kmaq
1159:Abenaki
1115:Mahican
1001:Naskapi
902:Arapaho
587:Vowels
529:Lateral
424:Plosive
364:Glottal
349:Palatal
316:Nipmuck
293:Abenaki
285:Nipmuck
162:Either:
85:Extinct
78:Nipmuck
76:likely
27:Nipmuck
1542:Nipmuc
1476:Pidgin
1472:Creole
1397:Others
1348:Others
1312:Ottawa
1247:Ojibwa
1234:Ojibwa
1152:Others
1093:Munsee
984:Others
955:Michif
711:, and
699:, and
689:/ioea/
318:people
297:Quebec
273:Nipmuc
265:Loup B
261:Loup A
257:French
206:Loup B
198:
193:Loup A
59:Region
1480:Mixed
1411:Yurok
1405:Wiyot
1106:Unami
811:(PDF)
804:(PDF)
746:(PDF)
607:Close
595:Front
393:Nasal
381:plain
371:plain
359:Velar
105:Algic
1217:Sauk
1031:Loup
942:Cree
697:/oː/
693:/iː/
661:Open
600:Back
386:lab.
376:pal.
263:and
253:Loup
237:Loup
120:Loup
22:Loup
713:/ã/
709:/o/
705:/i/
701:/ã/
634:Mid
295:in
203:xlb
190:xlo
173:xlb
166:xlo
42:loo
1503::
772:44
770:.
766:.
754:^
727:^
715:.
707:,
695:,
676:,
673:aː
670:,
653:oː
650:,
619:iː
616:,
484:tʃ
464:)
461:kʷ
444:tʲ
275:.
65:,
1478:/
1474:/
1236:–
869:e
862:t
855:v
679:ã
667:a
647:o
640:e
626:u
613:i
572:j
561:w
537:l
521:h
506:s
458:(
453:k
437:t
430:p
406:n
399:m
351:/
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.