494:, common name "ZigZag iris" and "Lamance iris", is the most petite Louisiana iris. It is recognized by its zigzag stalk and prominent, numerous flower parts, that open widely. The species does not require as much water to survive, like other Louisiana irises. Due to its minimalist aquatic requirement, habitats can be in the mud, instead of water bodies, or other surroundings to aqueous habitats. One distinguishable feature that separates it from the other blue irises, is its late blooming season. Furthermore, the iris's importance lies in its hardiness; it provides support to many cultivar plants and was pronounced the "show horse" for the Louisiana iris species. Locations of the iris are upland Louisiana and along the
540:, common name "Abbeville red" or "super fulva", was the most recently discovered and named Louisiana iris. In 1938, W. B. MacMillan discovered the plant species; in 1966 Randolph named the iris. The common name derives from its native habitat that is located in an exclusive area in Southeast Abbeville, Louisiana. They grow in cypress swamps surrounded by shallow water, or other aquatic habitats with shallow water and full shade. The species is hypothesized to originate as a result of a span of several years of closed-off habitats, and interbreeding of other Louisiana iris species (
342:
613:. By replanting the species and opening educational exhibits, the relatively new hot topic of this endemic plant is now gaining more public awareness. This awareness helped gain the approval for legislative funding by Representative Simone Champagne of Jeanerette in 2011. The state funding provided the Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries with the means to build the exhibit in the Palmetto Island State Park. The remaining conservation concern is centered on the privately owned Turkey Island Swamp, and the importance of conserving and maintaining
49:
525:
31:
633:. Additionally, agricultural influence and man-made alterations to waterways have led to the drier swamp habitat. Overall, the continued reproduction of the iris in the swamp habitat, and the noteworthy isolation of the swamp, are two factors scientists reason are key to the iris's survival, and if compromised, may cause the integrity of the Abbeville Red to be in danger.
620:
s natural habitat. With the permission of the land owners, surveys of the swamp are ongoing, with the understanding that, if the swamp habitat is compromised, the endemic
Louisiana species will be wiped away. A prominent threat to the swamp resides in the comparing the present-day hydrology to the
604:
species can only be found in the Turkey Island Swamp in
Vermillion Parish, Louisiana—property that is privately owned. Amity Bass and Chris Reid are two botanists that are currently involved in the protection and conservation of the species in Louisiana. They have been involved in surveying the
513:
is the most recognizable
Louisiana iris species. This Gulf Coast species is an extremely large blue native plant, found commonly in the City of New Orleans. In the state of Louisiana, the iris grows natively in freshwater marshes, swamps, and woody wetlands. Yet only a few remaining native,
552:), causing the species hybrid to gain stability as its own species. The iris's more recent discovery allows for increasing popularity by birthing many current Louisiana iris cultivars. Their physiological properties are similar to the
588:
series. Additionally, publication from Texas State
University makes additional claims of the genetic phylogeny of the Abbeville Red iris, by testing DNA sequences, with Dr. Noland H. Martin leading the research.
292:
differences, yet similarities between their phenotypes and habitats can be drawn. These similarities are partially a result of their similar phylogenies. Many of the species are closely related, some a result of
568:, can reportedly be traced back to its original heritage or origin of descent with the use of pedigree. Some of these pedigrees have been put together with the help of Charles Arny in 1958. Ongoing research of
556:, but they grow taller and have larger corollas. However, they stay true to the red iris family with either red or yellow fulvas. The blooms of the iris can be found from the middle to late month of April.
408:, common name "copper iris", is noted by its fulva color of rusty red to brownish orange or rare yellow forms. In 1812, this species was named by J.B. Ker-Gawler from a specimen found in the surrounding
463:
or of the same plant species habitating in its other natural states. There are noticeable differences in blooms, color, and shape when comparing the
Florida species and South Carolina species and
514:
wild-growing irises can be found in
Louisiana wetlands, located 20 to 30 miles north of New Orleans. Some of the species can be found growing natively along the coasts of Texas and Mississippi.
621:
hydrology of the swamp the year the
Abbeville red was discovered. The swamp is not only drier than in 1939, but also more salt concentrated. Changes are a result of the seasonal occurrence of
605:
privately owned property where the endemic plant resides, and are currently in the process of transplanting some of the rhizomes to replant in a neighboring state park. It is this park,
447:
is the oldest discovered
Louisiana iris species. In 1788, the species was named in South Carolina. Confusion in recognizing the iris is often intertwined with
157:
498:. The irises' pattern of growth moves up the state of Louisiana, ventures north into the Mississippi Valley of Missouri, Kentucky, Illinois, and Ohio.
1291:
609:, and others that Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries are teaming with to bring public awareness to the conservation issue of
301:. The five Louisiana irises are often categorized as "The Reds" or "The Blues" according to their corolla color. "The Blues", species
991:
576:
sequences, may help explain the process of hybridization of new species by introgression. Michael L. Arnold, Ph. D., working in the
648:, common name: prairie iris or savanna iris, it was published by Dr. John K. Small in 1925. It was once thought to be a variety of
1301:
758:
432:. Other notable physiological characteristics of the species are its big size (3-4 inches in diameter) and drooping petals.
1306:
652:, but then various botanists made the case it was different enough in form and flower to be treated as a separate species.
572:
can be found in a few university labs, testing for the genetics of the species. The origin of the species, by decoding
338:
In 1990, the
Louisiana iris was voted the state wildflower of Louisiana. The state flower is the magnolia blossom.
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416:
found in the surrounding habitats in which the iris thrives. It is found in
Louisiana, along with other
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606:
1167:
Reid, C. & Bass, A. (Fall–Winter 2011). "The Abbeville Red Iris: Louisiana's Only Endemic Plant".
909:
331:, Iris kimballiae, Iris albispiritus and Iris rivularis. Subsequent research has determined that only
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extensively studied irises in both Florida and Louisiana and named over 80 new species, including
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Department of Genetics, is currently studying this model by observing the genotype of several
577:
386:
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Taylor, S. J.; AuBuchon, K. J.; Martin, N. H. (2012). "Identification of floral visitors of
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located in Louisiana dwell in wet areas of full or half shade, more specifically ditches,
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321:, typically have red-orange corollas, with rare yellow forms. Between 1920s and 1930s,
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species native to Louisiana and surrounding regions of the southeastern United States:
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series name is derived from the first Louisiana iris species to inhabit the series,
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1051:
490:
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826:
798:"FROM NEW ORLEANS TO NEW ZEALAND, History and Development of The Louisiana Irises"
313:, typically have blue-purple corollas, with rare white forms. "The Reds", species
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350:
327:
230:
86:
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531:: endemic Abbeville iris in its native habitat of Southeast Abbeville, Louisiana
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73:
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536:
443:
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223:
216:
99:
1042:(Iridaceae): Origin and Genetic Composition of a Homoploid Hybrid Species".
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can also be found in South Carolina and Florida. In Louisiana, the species
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393:. He then used the term 'Louisiana Flag' to describe the painting.
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375:. The name "Louisiana iris" comes from the naturalist and artist
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30:
524:
476:
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area. The red color of the fulva contributes to the red modern
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630:
297:, as in the most recent discovery of the Abbeville Red Iris,
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429:
1137:(2). Louisiana Natural Heritage Program: 2. January 2011.
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467:
are still determining the difference in classification.
1171:. Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries: 15.
335:
is a true species and the others are synonyms of it.
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38:"Black Gamecock", a popular Louisiana iris cultivar
750:
The New Orleans Garden: Gardening in the Gulf South
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1166:
592:
1037:
1050:(5). Botanical Society of America: 577–583.
742:
740:
753:. Univ. Press of Mississippi. p. 223.
723:"Iris savannarum Small is an accepted name"
629:, that sequentially drains into the nearby
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29:
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1292:Flora of the Southeastern United States
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284:Each recognized species has noticeable
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996:Bulletin of the American Iris Society
747:Charlotte Seidenberg (1 March 1993).
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1158:
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1154:
1152:
1150:
1148:
1146:
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1129:"Louisiana Natural Areas Registry".
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725:. theplantlist.org. 23 February 2012
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955:
924:
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482:
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992:"The Importance of the Abbevilles"
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14:
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625:in Louisiana and coastal wetland
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389:, then Audubon added his pair of
379:. In the 1821, a Louisiana flag (
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47:
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943:. Zydeco: Louisiana Iris Garden
912:. Zydeco: Louisiana Iris Garden
885:. Zydeco: Louisiana Iris Garden
856:. Zydeco: Louisiana Iris Garden
829:. Zydeco: Louisiana Iris Garden
681:. Zydeco: Louisiana Iris Garden
679:"The Species of Louisiana Iris"
385:) was painted by his assistant
1302:Garden plants of North America
1018:"UGA Genetics: Michael Arnold"
789:
767:
715:
693:
564:The iris species in Southeast
1:
990:Arny Jr., C. W. (July 1958).
970:Randolph: Abbeville Red Iris"
701:"A Gallery of Florida Irises"
655:
396:
775:"Louisiana State Wildflower"
479:, and slow flowing streams.
362:
7:
1307:Vermilion Parish, Louisiana
1091:The Southeastern Naturalist
1038:Arnold, M. L. (May 1993). "
10:
1323:
1169:Louisiana Wildlife Insider
1044:American Journal of Botany
607:Palmetto Island State Park
459:is debated to derive from
347:Blue Yellow-backed Warbler
1191:
190:
185:
44:Scientific classification
42:
37:
28:
23:
16:Group of flowering plants
584:and other iris from the
910:"Iris Giganticaerulea"
532:
359:
245:is a taxonomic group (
777:. statesymbolsusa.org
578:University of Georgia
527:
344:
1131:Quarterly Newsletter
1103:10.1656/058.011.0114
566:Abbeville, Louisiana
510:Iris giganticaerulea
503:Iris giganticaerulea
311:Iris giganticaerulea
274:Iris giganticaerulea
210:Iris giganticaerulea
1227:Iris ser. Hexagonae
461:Iris giganticaerula
449:Iris giganticaerula
1297:Flora of Louisiana
883:"Iris Brevicaulis"
800:. zydecoirises.com
703:. zydecoirises.com
546:I. giganticaerulea
533:
418:Mississippi Valley
377:John James Audubon
360:
1274:
1273:
1185:Taxon identifiers
760:978-0-87805-637-8
323:Dr. John K. Small
240:
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1002:. Archived from
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593:Conservation of
484:Iris brevicaulis
356:Birds of America
303:Iris brevicaulis
269:Iris brevicaulis
196:Iris brevicaulis
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1056:10.2307/2445375
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1016:
1015:
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988:
984:
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972:
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963:
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941:"Iris Nelsonii"
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925:
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907:
898:
888:
886:
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854:"Iris Hexagona"
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645:Iris savannarum
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638:Iris savannarum
617:
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522:
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491:Iris bevicaulis
487:
440:
401:
391:parula warblers
365:
351:northern parula
333:Iris savannarum
328:Iris savannarum
236:
231:Iris savannarum
176:
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24:Louisiana iris
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12:
11:
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1097:(1): 141–144.
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1006:on 2011-11-08.
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560:Abbeville reds
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550:I. brevicaulis
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364:
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243:Louisiana iris
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1087:Iris nelsonii
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1073:
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1040:Iris nelsonii
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968:Iris nelsonii
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650:Iris hexagona
647:
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615:Iris nelsonii
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611:Iris nelsonii
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602:Iris nelsonii
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595:Iris nelsonii
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582:Iris nelsonii
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570:Iris nelsonii
567:
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537:Iris nelsonii
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529:Iris nelsonii
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469:Iris hexagona
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457:Iris hexagona
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453:Iris hexagona
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444:Iris hexagona
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437:Iris hexagona
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373:Iris hexagona
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319:Iris nelsonii
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307:Iris hexagona
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299:Iris nelsonii
296:
295:interbreeding
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279:Iris nelsonii
276:
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265:Iris hexagona
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224:Iris nelsonii
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1023:November 22,
1021:. Retrieved
1012:
1004:the original
999:
995:
985:
973:. Retrieved
967:
945:. Retrieved
914:. Retrieved
887:. Retrieved
858:. Retrieved
831:. Retrieved
827:"Iris Fulva"
802:. Retrieved
791:
779:. Retrieved
769:
749:
727:. Retrieved
717:
705:. Retrieved
695:
683:. Retrieved
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1287:Iris series
1221:Wikispecies
975:October 30,
947:October 23,
916:October 23,
889:October 23,
860:October 23,
833:October 23,
804:28 November
781:28 November
729:28 November
707:28 November
685:October 23,
600:The unique
465:taxonomists
410:New Orleans
110:Asparagales
87:Angiosperms
1281:Categories
656:References
623:hurricanes
554:Iris fulva
496:Gulf Coast
405:Iris fulva
398:Iris fulva
382:Iris fulva
345:Audubon's
315:Iris fulva
286:phenotypic
261:Iris fulva
255:) of five
203:Iris fulva
138:Subgenus:
1197:Hexagonae
586:Hexagonae
369:Hexagonae
363:Etymology
252:Hexagonae
179:Hexagonae
154:Section:
120:Iridaceae
57:Kingdom:
1261:VASCAN:
1254:50213174
1249:Tropicos
1212:Q6689225
1206:Wikidata
1111:86326602
1072:30139150
542:I. fulva
426:Kentucky
422:Illinois
186:Species
170:Series:
163:Limniris
147:Limniris
116:Family:
100:Monocots
1064:2445375
627:erosion
414:hybrids
353:) from
290:habitat
126:Genus:
106:Order:
61:Plantae
1241:300152
1109:
1070:
1062:
757:
548:, and
477:swamps
473:canals
428:, and
309:, and
277:, and
145:subg.
1193:Iris
1107:S2CID
1060:JSTOR
631:swamp
618:'
250:ser.
175:Iris
161:sect.
159:Iris
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